@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Rapid Iodination of Xylidines in Aqueous Medium: Kinetic verification of Speculated Reactivities<#LINE#>S.L.@Bonde,V.T.@Dangat,V.T.@Borkar,R.P.@Yadav<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-026_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune, INDIA  <#LINE#>17/2/2012<#LINE#>23/2/2012<#LINE#>Comprehensive kinetic studies to investigate the relative nucleophilicities of the six isomers of xylidine have been carried out. Kinetic data presently obtained for iodination of xylidines in aqueous medium conclusively enlightened the order of the relative reactivities of xylidines in a quantitative manner. All the six reactions studied were found to be rapid, necessitating a special technique to follow the kinetics. The rotating platinum cathode method employed, yielded specific reaction rates that ranged  from 52 to 893M-1s-1 and energies of activation from 32.7 to 54.5 kJ mol-1at 25.00C and 7 pH. Stereochemical principles invoked, justified this observed reactivity order for the isomers under study. Thus the subtleties of the stereochemistry of xylidines were quantitatively ascertained using kinetics as an investigational tool.  <#LINE#> @ @  Pandey Bhawana and Fulekar M.H., Environmental Management- strategies for chemical disaster, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 111-117 (2011) @No $ @ @  Berliner E., J.Chem.Edu. 43, 124 (1966) @No $ @ @  Dangat V.T., Bonde S.L., Gayakhe A.S and Ghorpade B.S., Ind. J.  of Chemistry, 28A, 321-322 (1989) @No $ @ @  Kolthoff  I.M. and Lingane J., J. Polarography, Interscience, New York, 1, 421 (1952) @No $ @ @  Zope V.S., Bonde S.L. and Dangat V.T., Res. J. Chem. Environ, 11 (2), (2007) @No $ @ @  De La Mare and  Ridd J.H., Aromatic substitutions (Butterworths, London) (1959) @No $ @ @  Heda L.C., Sharma Rashmi and Chaudhari Pramod B., Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and Solvation of 5-Substituted Indole Carboxldehydes in Methanol-Benzene, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 11-16  (2011) @No $ @ @  Babalola O.O., Ojo O.E. and Oloyede F.A., Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (l.) Poit on acetaminophen Induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 85-88 (2011) @No $ @ @  Medjor O.W., Egharevba F., Akpoveta O.V., Ize-lyamu O.K. and Jatto E.O., Kinetic Studies of Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 38-44 (2012) @No $ @ @  Rao T.S., Mali S.I. and Dangat V.T., Tetrahedron 34, 205 (1978) @No 
<#LINE#>Removal of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)<#LINE#>V.R.@Kinhikar<#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-038_Done.pdf<#LINE#> G.H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Nagpur, INDIA<#LINE#>26/2/2012<#LINE#>1/3/2012<#LINE#> Metal ion contamination of drinking water and waste water, especially with heavy metal ion such as nickel, is a serious and on-going problem. In this work, granular activated carbon was used for the removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution. The impacts of the Ni2+ adsorption capacities of the acid-modified carbon oxidized with HNO were also investigated. Metal sorption characteristics of raw and modified granular activated carbon were measured in batch experiments. An increase in adsorption capacity of the modified carbon than raw granular activated carbon towards nickel ion adsorption is observed <#LINE#> @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Res .J  of Chemical Sci,2(1), 25-31(2012) @No $ @ @ Abii T.A., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis Res J of Chemical Sci,2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ijagbemi C.O., Baek M.H., Kim D.S., Adsorptive performance of un-calcined sodium exchanged and acid modified montmorillonite for Ni2+ removal: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and regeneration studies, J. of Hazard. Mater,174,746–755 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lapedes D.N., Encyclopaedia of Environmental Science, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 259 (1974) @No $ @ @ Clayton G.D., Clayton F.E., Patty’s Industrial Hygiene Toxicology, 4th ed.; Wiley-Interscience Publication,New York 2157-2173 (1994) @No $ @ @ Grandjean P Human exposure to nickel. IARC Science Publica., 53 , 469 (1984) @No $ @ @ Clarkso N.T.W., Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals; Plenum Press: New York, 265-282 (1988) @No $ @ @ Von Burg R., Toxicology update, Jl of App. Toxico.l,17,425 (1997) @No $ @ @ Patil S.J., Bhole A.G. and Natarajan G.S., Scavenging of Ni(II) Metal Ions by Adsorption on PAC and Babhul Bark, J. of Environ. Sci and Engin.,478 (43), 22063—323058 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ambashta R.D. and Sillanpaa M., Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review, J. of Hazard. Mater., 18038–49 (2010) @No $ @ @ Farooq U., Kozinski J.A., Khan M.A. and Athar M., Biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbent - a review of the recent literature, Bioresource Technology,101, 5043–5053 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sousa F.W., Oliveira A.G., Ribeiro J.P., Rosa M.F., Keukeleire D and  Nascimento R.F., Green coconut shells applied as adsorbent for removal of toxic metal ions using fixed-bed column technology, J. of Environ. Management, 91, 1634–1640 (2010) @No $ @ @ Wang S and Peng Y. Natural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment, Chemical Engineering J, 156, 1–24 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kwon J.S., Yun S.T., Lee J.H., Kim S.O., Jo H.Y., Removal of divalent heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb,  and Zn) and arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions using scoria: kinetics and equilibrium of sorption, J. of Hazard  Mater, 174, 307–313 (2010) @No $ @ @ Babel S. and Kurniawan T.A., Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review, J. of Hazard  Mater, 97, 219–243 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yadanaparthi S.K.R., Graybill D. and Wandruszka R.,Adsorbents for the removal of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from contaminated waters, J. of Hazard Mater., 171, 1-15 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gottipati Ramakrishna and  Mishra Susmita,  Application of response surface methodology for optimization of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption on commercial activated carbons,Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(2), 40-48 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pollard S.J.T., Fowler G.D., Sollars C.J. and Perry R., Low-cost adsorbents for waste and wastewater treatment, a review, Sci. of Total Environment, 116, 31–52 (1992) @No $ @ @ Satapathy D., Natarajan G.S., Potassium bromate modification of the granular activated carbon and its effect on nickel adsorption, Adsorption, 12, 147-154 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wilson K., Yang H., Seo C.W. and Marshall, W.E., Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells, Bioresource Tech., 97; 2266–2270 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wang S. and Wu H. Environmental-benign utilization of fly ash as low-cost adsorbents, J. of Hazard. Mater,136, 482–501 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wang S., Ang H.M. and  Tade M.O., Novel applications of red mud as coagulant, adsorbent and catalyst for environmentally benign processes, Chemosphere, 72, 1621–1635 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wan Ngah W.S., Hanafiah MAKM Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review, Bioresource Tech.99,3935–3948 (2008) @No $ @ @ Liu S.X., Chen X., Chen X.Y., Liu Z.F. and Wang H.L., Activated carbon with excellent Chromium (VI) adsorption performance prepard by acid base surface modification, J. of Hazard  Mater, 141, 315-319 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th Ed. Longmann Green and  Co., London, 747(1982) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran J. and  Sivasankar B., Properties and Catalytic Activity of Acid-Modified montmorilonite and Vermiculite, Clays Clay Miner., 45, 854–858 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kara M., Yuzer H., Sabah E. and Celik M.S., Adsorption of Cobalt from Aqueous Solutions onto Sepiolite, Water Research, 37, 224–232 (2003) @No $ @ @ Diaz F.R.V. and Santos P.D.S., Studies on the Acid Activation of Brazilian Smectitic Clays, Quim.Nova, 24,345–353 (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>A Parametric Study of Performance Characteristics of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Bioreactors<#LINE#>C.M.@Narayanan,Esha@Samui,Amrita@Chatterjee,Sanghamitra@Das<#LINE#>12-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-043_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, INDIA<#LINE#>3/3/2012<#LINE#>10/3/2012<#LINE#> Attempts have been made to perform a parametric study of the performance characteristics of UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) bioreactors. Bioreactor performance is first simulated mathematically using PFDRs – in – series model that assumes the sludge bed and the sludge blanket each equivalent to a PFDR (plug flow dispersion reactor) but with different values of axial dispersion coefficient (D). Experimental values of DL are used in the computations. Alternate models that employ PFR – CSTR approach and the one proposed by Narayanan and Narayan are also considered for comparison. Dependence of total required height of reaction zone (L) with different system / operating parameters such as fractional conversion of substrate ) desired, feed concentration ( CS0 ) and feed flow rate have been studied separately. Computed values of design parameters are compared with experimental data collected from industrial units / pilot plants. It is observed that the sludge bed is not a tightly packed bed, but is a partially expanded bed. Axial dispersion and resistance to substrate transfer to sludge granules are significant and cannot be neglected. Among the different kinetic pathways analysed, data based on Andrews’ kinetic model that accommodates substrate inhibition to microbial growth agree more closely with experimental data. <#LINE#> @ @ Yu Liu and others, Mechanisms and Models for Anaerobic Granulation in UASB Reactors, Water Research, 37, 661 – 73 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kalyuzhnyi V.S. and Fedorovich, V.V., Dispersed Plug Flow Model for UASB Reactors with Focus on Granular Sludge Dynamics, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33, 221 – 37 (2006) @No $ @ @ Narayanan C.M. and Narayan Vikas, Multiparameter Models for Performance Analysis of UASB Reactors, J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 83, 1170 – 76 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dakshinamurthy P. and et al, Bed porosities in Gas – Liquid Fluidisation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 10, 322 – 26 (1971) @No $ @ @ Kato Y. and others, Liquid Holdup and Heat Transfer Coefficients in Liquid – Solid and Gas – Liquid – Solid Fluidised Beds, Powder Technology, 28, 173 – 78 (1981) @No $ @ @ Gottifredi J.C. and Gonzo, E.E., An Approximate Expression for Effectiveness Factor Estimation, Chemical Eng. J., 109, 83 – 87 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Mapping of Groundwater Facies using anion Geochemistry in Angware Area, JOS Northcentral Nigeria<#LINE#>J.M.@Ishaku,A.@Nur,J.A.@Bulus<#LINE#>21-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-044_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology Yola, NIGERIA @ Department of Geology, University of Jos, NIGERIA<#LINE#>5/3/2012<#LINE#>10/3/2012<#LINE#>The use of anion geochemistry in mapping groundwater facies in Angware area was discussed. The objective of this work is to specially use only anion species to identify the facies present in the groundwater and the processes responsible for the modification of water chemistry in the area. 20 water samples were collected and analyzed using DR 2000 spectrophotometer and titrimetric method. The results indicated that pH range from 5.8 – 7.6 with an average of 6.5 while HCO, SO2- and Clreveal values ranging from 19.6 mg/l – 318.4 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l – 6.0 mg/l and 1.1 mg/l – 28.4 mg/l with mean values of 74.8 mg/l, 1.4 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l, respectively. CO2- was not detected in all the samples due to acidic to neutral pH condition. Based on the mean values, the anions were in the order of abundance as HCO&#65533; Cl&#65533; SO2-. The study identified Bicarbonate-Chloride-Sulphate facies as the only facies-type which is an indication of recently recharged groundwater with limited rock-water interaction. The plot of Cl/Cl + HCO against LogTDS revealed precipitation induced chemical weathering along with dissolution of rock forming minerals. <#LINE#> @ @ Amadi P.A. and Egboka B.C.E., The use of Anion Geochemistry I Mapping Groundwater in the Port Harcourt Area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Global Journal of Geological Sciences, 8(2), 155-166 (2010) @No $ @ @ Obiefuna G. I. and orazulike D.M., The use of Anion Geochemistry in Mapping Groundwater Facies of Yola Area NE Nigeria, Research Journal of Chemical  Sciences .1 (16), 30-41(2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar A.R. and Riyazuddin P., Application of Chemometric techniques in the assessment  of groundwater pollution in a suburban area of Chennai city, India, Current Science, 94(8),1012-1022 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chenini I. and Khemiri S., Evaluation of groundwater quality using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech, 6(3), 509-519(2009) @No $ @ @ Thyne G., Guler C. and Poeter E., Sequential Analysis of Hydrchemical Data for Watershed Characterization, Groundwater, 42(5), 711-723 (2004) @No $ @ @ Back W., Hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow patterns in northern part of Atlantic Coastal Plains, US Geol. Surv, Profess. Papers, 498-A (1966) @No $ @ @ Nwankwoala H.O. and Udom G. J., Hydrochemical Facies and Ionic Ratios of Groundwater in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3) (2011) @No $ @ @ Murhekar G. H., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1 (4), 117-124, (2011) @No $ @ @ Schoeller H., Les eaux souterraines, Masson and Cie, Paris 642 (1962) @No $ @ @ Hem J.D., The study and Interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, 3rd edn. USGS Water Supply Paper 2254, US Geological Survey (1989) @No $ @ @ Freeze R.A. and Cherry J.A., Groundwater. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc., 604 (1979) @No $ @ @ Olobaniyi S.B and Owoyemi F.B., Characterization by factor analysis of the chemical facies of groundwater in the Deltaic plain sands Aquifer of Warri Western Niger Delta. Nigeria, African Journal of Science and Technology,(AJST),7(1), 75-81 (2006) @No $ @ @ Domenico P.A., Concepts and Models in groundwater hydrology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp 288-293 (1972) @No $ @ @ Chebotarev I.I., Metamorphism of natural waters in the crust of weathering, Geochem. Cosmochim. 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<#LINE#>Studies on the Extraction of Copper (II) by Pyrazoloquinazolinone Derivatives from Aqueous Solutions<#LINE#>Y.M.@Khawassek,M.F.@Cheira,G.M.@Mahmoud<#LINE#>30-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-059_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>9/3/2012<#LINE#>17/3/2012<#LINE#>Pyrazoloquinazolinone type extractants are effective reagents for extraction of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions.  In this respect, extraction of copper (II) ions with 2-amino-3-(4- (X) phenyl azo)-8,9-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-7H-pyrazolo [1,5-a] quinazolin-6- one (XPQ), (X= Br, Cl, OCH3 or CH) were studied. The optimum studied extractants concentrations were found at 0.04% BrPQ, 0.045% ClPQ, 0.05% OCHPQ and 0.055% CHPQ in carbon tetrachloride as a diluent. Highly extraction efficiency were found at pH 2, 1/1 O/A ratio and 5 min. shaking time at room temperature. BrPQ was selected as an appropriate structure of reagents to extract Cu (II) species. The proposed method was used in extraction of copper (II) ions in some standard reference geologic samples.<#LINE#> @ @ Pantnaik P., Handbook of Inorganic Chemical, McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 577 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bouabdallah I., Zidane I., Hacht B., Touzani R. and Ramdani A., Liquid -liquid extraction of copper (II), cadmium (II) and lead (II) using tripodal N-donor pyrazole ligands, ARKIVOC, 11, 59 (2006) @No $ @ @ Roqai M.C., Grandmont G.J.G. and Brunette J.P., Extraction of indium(III) from chloride and nitrate media with 3-phenyl-4-benzoylisoxazol-5-one, HPBI, and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, Analusis, 26, 74 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kitano T., Sohrin Y., Hata Y., Mukai H., Wada H. and Ueda K., Highly selective extraction of Cu(II) and Zn(II)  using [B(3-iPrpz) (iPrpz = isopropylpyrazolyl), Polyhedron, 23, 283 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lopez C., Ponce P., Molinari A. and Oliva A., Further studies on the solvent extraction of copper (II) with dithiocarboxylate derivatives of pyrazol,  Bol. Soc. Chil. Quim., 46, 1 (2001) @No $ @ @ Oliva A., Molinari A., Zúñiga F. and Ponce P., Studies on the Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Nickel(II), Zinc(II), Cadmium(II), Mercury(II) and Lead(II) with 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-dodecyldithiocarboxylate-5-pyrazolone, Microchimica Acta, 140, 201 (2002) @No $ @ @ Touzani R., Ramdani A., Ben-Hadda T., El Kadiri S., Maury O., Le Bozec H. and Dixneuf P.H., Efficient synthesis of new nitrogen donor containing tripods under microwave irradiation and without solvent,   Synth. Commun., 31(9), 1315 (2001) @No $ @ @ Veeratana D. and Sohu H.Y., Solvent extraction equilibriain the CuSO-HSO-H0-LIX 860-kerosene system,  Minerals Engineering, 11, 821 (1998) @No $ @ @ Stefanova V., Iliev P., Mroz W. and Stefanov B., Copper (II) extraction from multicomponent sulphuric-acid solutions by means of LIX84I, Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 45(1), 99 (2010) @No $ @ @ Alguacil F. T. and Alonso M., Recovery of copper from ammoniacal/ammonium sulfate medium by LIX 54, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 74, 1171 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kara D. and Alkan M., Preconcentration and separation of copper (II) with solvent extraction using N,N'-bis (2-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzyl)1,2 diaminopropane, Micro Chemical Journal, 71, 29 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gup R. and Giziroglu E., Metal complexes and solvent extraction properties of isonitrosoacetophenone 2-aminobenzoylhydrazone, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 65, 719 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hamzah B., Jalaluddin N., Wahab A. W. and Upe A., Copper(II) Extraction from Nitric Acid Solution with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone as a Cation Carrier by Liquid Membrane Emulsion, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 239 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lenarcik B., Rauckyte T. and Kserzkowska A., The comparison of the extraction process of Zinc (II) and Nickel (II) complexes with 1- octylimidazle and 1- octyl -2- methylimidazole, XVIII-th ARS SEPARATORIA – Zioty Potok, Poland, (2003) @No $ @ @ Erdon I., Demirhan N. and Avcata U., Synthesis and characterization of a new Imidazole ligand and its complexes with cobalt (II), and copper (II), synthesis and reactivity in inorganic, metal organic and nano metal chemistry, 36, 7, 559 (2006) @No $ @ @ Marczenko Z., Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, John Wiley and sons Inc., New York, 250 (1976) @No $ @ @ Mahmoud G.M., Synthesis of some ketones and their applications in the extraction of some nuclear elements from acid media, Ph. D. Thesis, Cairo university, Faculty of Science, 156 (2008) @No $ @ @ Smallwood I.M., Handbook of organic solvent properties, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, 306 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ando A., Kamioka H., Terashima S. and Itoh S., Values for GSJ rocj reference samples "Igneous Series", Geochemical Journal, 23, 143 (1989) @No 
<#LINE#>Lead Ion Selective Electrode Based on 1, 5-diphenylthiocarbazone<#LINE#>A.R.@Elsalamouny,S.A.@Elreefy,A.M.A.@Hassan<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-064_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Science, Al-azhar University, Cairo, EGYPT @ Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>14/3/2012<#LINE#>23/3/2012<#LINE#> PVC based membrane of 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) reveals a Nernstain potentiometric response with the slope of 29 + 2 mV per decade for Pb2+ over a wide concentration range (5.0×10-6-1.0×10-2 M). The electrode is suitable for use in aqueous solutions in a pH range of 8 to 10. The response time of the electrode is about 15 s and was used for a period of 45 days. The proposed electrode showed successful applications to the direct determination of lead in a sample of lead water pipe and also as indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of lead ions with NaCl solution.<#LINE#> @ @ Abii T.A., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Garole D.J., Garole V.J. and Dalal D.S., Recovery of Metal Value from Electroplating Sludge, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(3), 61-63 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shukur M.M., Kadhim. F.A. and Hassan M.N., Preparation of Alkali Lead Glass and Glass – Ceramic Compositions as Electrical Insulators, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 28-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barote M.A., Ingale B.D., Tingre G.D., Yadav A.A., Surywanshi R.V. and Masumdar E.U.,Some Studies on Chemically Deposited n-PbSe Thin Films Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1(9), 37-41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ross J.W. and Frant M.S., Potentiometric Titrations of Sulfate Using an Ion Selective Lead Electrode, Anal. Chem., 41(7), 967-969 (1969) @No $ @ @ Hirata H. and Higashiyama K., Ion Selective Chalcogenide Electrodes for a Number of Cations, Talanta, 19(4), 391-398 (1972) @No $ @ @ Hansen E.H. and Ruzika J., Selectrode the Universal Ion Selective Electrode: Part VIII. The Solid-State Lead(II) Selectrode in Lead(II) Buffers and Potentiometric Titrations, Anal. Chim. Acta, 72(2), 365-373 (1974) @No $ @ @ Grundler P., Behaviour and Analytical Use of Lead Dioxide Electrodes Under Pulse Treatment, Anal. Lett., 14(3), 163-173 (1981) @No $ @ @ Vanstaden J.F., Preparation and Performance of a Coated Tubular Solid-State Lead(II) Selective Electrode in Flow-Injection Analysis, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 333(3), 226-230 (1989) @No $ @ @ Lai S. and Christian G.D., Potentiometric Studies with a Liquid Ion-Exchange Lead-Selective Electrode, Anal. Chim. Acta, 52(1), 41-46 (1970) @No $ @ @ Sharp M., Organic Radical Ion Salts as Selective Electrochemical Sensors, Anal. Chim. Acta, 59(1), 137-142 (1972) @No $ @ @ Srivastava S.K., Gupta V.K. and Jain S., Determination of Lead using a Poly Vinyl Chloride Based Crown Ether Membrane, Analyst, 120(2), 495-498 (1995) @No $ @ @ Tavakkoli N. and Shamsipur M., Lead Selective Membrane Electrode Based on Dibenzopyrydino-18-Crown-6, Anal. Lett., 29(13), 2269-2279 (1996) @No $ @ @ Malinowska E., Brzozka Z., Kasiura K., Egberink R.J.M. and Reinhoudt D.N., Lead Selective Electrodes Based on Thioamide Functionalized Calix [4] arenes as Ionophores, Anal. Chim. Acta., 298(2), 253-258 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sil A., Ijeri V.S. and Srivastava A.K., Coated Wire Silver Ion Selective Electrode Based on Silver Complex of Cyclam, Anal. Sci., 17, 477-479 (2001) @No $ @ @ Watson M. L., Staining of Tissue Sections for Electron Microscopy with Heavy Metals, J. Biophys. and Biochem. Cytol., 4(4), 475–478 (1958) @No $ @ @ Gholivand M.B., Gorji M. and Joshaghani M., Hydrogen Ion Selective Poly Vinyl Chloride Membrane Electrode Based on 2,2'-N,N'-bis(salicylaldimino)azobenzene, J. Iran. Chem. Res., , 69-78 (2009) @No $ @ @ Marczenko Z., Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York (1986) @No $ @ @ Yari A., Shamsipur M., De Filippo G. and Lippolis V., a New PVC Membrane Based Ion Selective Electrode for Perchlorate, Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem., 1(2), 60 – 70 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hassan S., Ali M.M. and Attawiya A., PVC Membrane Based Potentiometric Sensors for Uranium Determination, Talanta, 54, 1153-1161 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ardakani M.M., Zare H.R., Nasirizadeh N. and Safari J., Highly Selective Lead (II) Membrane Electrode Based on New Oxim Phenyl 2- Keto Methyl Quinoline (OPKMQ), Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, 49(4), 226-233 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Structural Studies on Some Transition metal complexes of Bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio) ethane, propane and butane ligands<#LINE#>H.Nabeel@Buttrus,SaeedT.@Farah<#LINE#>43-49<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-066_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, IRAQ<#LINE#>18/3/2012<#LINE#>29/3/2012<#LINE#> Transition metal complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) with the tetradentate ligands [L= 1,2-bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio) ethane, L=1,3-bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio) propane, L=1, 4-bis-(benzimidazole-2-thio)butane], derived from the condensation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 1,2-dibromoethane or 1, 3-dibromo propane or 1, 4-dibromobutane were synthesized. Characterization has been done on the basis of analytical conductance, magnetic data, infrared, electronic spectra , metal content analysis and HNMR data for the ligands. From analytical data the stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be (1:1) (metal: ligand). IR spectra data suggest that the ligands behave as bidentate with N,N or S,S or S,S,N,N donor sequence toward the metal ions. On the basis of the above spectral, physicochemal, data as well as magnetic moment measurements tetrahedral and square planner geometries were assigned for the complexes. <#LINE#> @ @ Hyappa P.B., Young J.K., Moore J.S. and Suslic K.S. Dendrimer-Metalloporphyrins:Synthesis and CatalysisJ.Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 5708 (1996) @No $ @ @ Castillo-Blum S.E. and Barba-Behrens N.,chemistry of some biologically active ligands, Chem. Rev., (3), 196 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mohan G., and Rajesh N., Synthesis and antiactivity of N-Pyridinobenzamide-2-carboxylic acid and its metal chelates, Indian J.Pharm, 24, 207 (1992)@No $ @ @ Kong D., Reibenspies J., Mao J. and Clearfield A., 30-membered octaazama- crocyclic ligand: synthesis, characterization, thermodynamic stabilities andcleavage activity of homodinuclear copper and nickel complexesInorg. Chim. Acta, 342, 158 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pawar N.S., Dalal D.S., Shimpi S.R. and Mahulikar P.P.,Studies of microbial activity of N-alkyl and Nthiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazoles, Eur. J.Pharm. Sci.(2004) @No $ @ @ Özden S., Atabey D., Yildiz S. and H.Göker, and Potent Antimicrobial activity of Some Novelor Ethyl 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carboxylates derivatives carrying amide or amidine, Bioorg.Med. Chem(2005) @No $ @ @ Ören I., Temiz Ö., , Yalcin I., Sener E. and Altanlar N., Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 2,5and/or 6-substituted benzoxazole and benzimidazolederivativesEur. J.Pharm. Sci., , 153(1998)  @No $ @ @ He Y., Ww B., Yang J., Robinson D., Risen L., Ranken R., Blyn L., Sheng S.and Swayze E.E.,biological evaluations of novel benzimidazoles as potential antibacterial agents, Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.(2003) @No $ @ @ .Ayhan-Kilcigil G. and Altanlar N.,antifungal properties of some benzimidazole derivatives, Turk.J.Chem., 30, 223 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yoe-Reyes F.J., Bernes S. and BarbaDichlorobis (1benzimidazoleCrystallog. E61, m875 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sahin E., Ide S., Kurt M. and Yurdakul S., investigation of dibromo bis (benzimidazole) Zn(II) complexJ.Mol. Struc., 616, 259 (2002)  @No $ @ @ Sahin E., Ide S.,M.Kurt and Yurdakul S., Structural investigation of dichlorobis (benzimidazole)complex, Z.Kristallogr, 218,385 (2003)  @No $ @ @ Tellez F.H., Sandoral L., CastilloBehrens  N.,Coordination behavior of benzimidazole,2substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles, towards transition metal ions, ARKIVOC,245 (2008)  @No $ @ @ Gervy J.M., Tellez F., Bernes S., Nöth H., Contreras R. and Barba-Behrens  N., Synthesis and characterization of new cis-[PtCl(isopropylamine)(amine)] compounds: cytotoxic activity and reactions with 5with their trans-platinum isomers532 (2002) @No $ @ @ 

Tellez F., Barba-Behrens N., Flores-Parra A. and Contreras R., Coordination behavior of benzimidazole, 2-substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles, towards transition metal ions, Polyhedron, 22, 2481 (2004) @No $ @ @ Matthews C.J., Clegg W., Heath S.L., Martin N.C., Stuart M.N. and Lockhart J. C., Coordination of Zn(II),Cd(II)andAg(I) by Bis (benzimidazole) Ligands, Hg(II) Inorg. Chem., 37(2),199 (1998) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H., AL-Smaan S.H. and AL-Asalli S.M., Mono-di-and trinuclear complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) with 1,4-bis(sodiumthioglycolate) butane, Internation. J. Chem., 20(1), 37 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abdalrazaq E.A., Buttrus N.H. and Abd AL-Rahman A.A. M.,Synthesis and characterization of gold (III) complexes with bis-(1,4-sodium thioglycolate) butane ligand, Asian J.Chem., 22(3), 2179 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abdalrazaq E.A., Buttrus N.H., AL-Kattan W.T., Jbarah A.A. and AL-Matarneh M., Reaction of Pd+2 and Pt+2 with pyrrolidinedithio carbamate and cysteine ligands: Synthesis and DFT calculations, J. Sulfur, Chem., 32(2),159 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., A text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis, ,461 (1967) @No $ @ @ Geary W.J., The use of conductivity measurements in organic solvents for characterization of coordination compounds, Coord.Chem.Rev. , 8 (1971) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni P.A., Habib I.S., Saraf V.D. and Deshpande M.M., Synthesis, spectral analysis and antimicrobial activity of some new transition metal complexes derived     from 2, 4-dihydroxy acetophenons, Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 3, 107 (2012) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H.Synthesis of new disultam niobium(V) and disultam Zinc (II) complexes using disultam mercury compounds, Asian J.Phys.,, 104  (1997) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M.,Metal Chelates of Hydrazone Ligand Chelating Tendencies of 2-Carboxy-phenylhydrazoacetoacetanilide (2-Cphaaa) Ligand, Res.J. Chem.Sci., 1(7),1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manav N., K.Mishra A. and Kaushik N.K., Triphenyl phosphine adducts of platinum (IV) and palladium(II) dithiocarbamates complexes: a spectral and in vitro study, Spectro. Chim.Acta Part A, 60, 3087(2004) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary R. and Shelly, Synthesis, Spectral and Pharmacological Study of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Coordination Complexes. Res.J. Chem.Sci., 1(5),1-5(2011) @No $ @ @ Neelama M., Rao P.V. and E-Anuradha G.H.Synthesis and structural studies on transition metal complexes derived from 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone-1H- benimidazole-2yl-hydrazone, J.Chem., 8(1), 29  (2011) @No $ @ @  Hussein S.S.,Mostafa M.,Stefan S.L. and Abdel-Aziz E., Structural Diversity of 3d Complexes of an Isatinic Quinolyl Hydrazon Res.J. Chem.Sci. 1(5),67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Buttrus N.H. and Mohammed S.I., Structural diversity of 3d complexes of an istinic quinolyl hydrazone, Mu'tah Lil-Buhuth Wad-Driasat (Jordon), 19(3), 7(2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Preparation and activity of Pt (Pd)/WP2O7 catalysts for H2 Oxidation<#LINE#>V.V.@Lisnyak,V.V.@Safonova,E.V.@Ischenko,D.A.@Stratiichuk,O.Yu.@Boldyrieva,A.V.@Yatsymyrskyi<#LINE#>50-54<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-073_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01601 Kyiv, UKRAINE @ V.N. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, 04074 Kyiv, UKRAINE<#LINE#>21/3/2012<#LINE#>26/3/2012<#LINE#> WP7 prepared by convenient technique was used as a support for platinum group metals. WP, Pt/WP and Pd/WP7 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Ar physisorption, SEM-EDX, and were tested in the H oxidation reaction. The activity of Pt/WP and Pd/WP catalysts was compared with that of Pt/Al and Pd/Al3 catalysts containing the same amount of supported platinum metals. It was shown that the Pt/WP and Pd/WP7 catalysts exhibit enhanced activity attributed to synergistic effect realizes between Pt(Pd) metal and WP phase. <#LINE#> @ @  Rahul, Mathur A.K. and Balomajumder Ch., Biodegradation of Waste Gas containing Mixture of BTEX by B. Sphaericus, Res. J. Chem. Sci.1(5), 52-60 (2011) @No $ @ @  Thakur P.K., Rahul, Mathur A.K. and Balomajumder Ch., Biofiltration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – An Overview, Res. J. Chem. Sci.1(8), 83-92 (2011) @No $ @ @  Sonawane V.Y., Mechanistic study of chromium (VI) catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol by polymer supported chromic acid, Res. . Chem. Sci., 1(1), 25-30 (2011) @No $ @ @  Pandey B. and Fulekar M.H., Nanotechnology: Remediation Technologies to clean up the Environmental pollutants, Res. . Chem. Sci., 2(2), 90-96 (2012) @No $ @ @  Pandey Bh. and Fulekar M.H.,Environmental Management - strategies for chemical disaster, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 111-117 (2011) @No $ @ @  Kotz J.C., Treichel P. and Townsend J.R., Chemistry and chemical reactivity, Interchapter: The chemistry of Fuels and Energy Recourses, Brooks/Cole, Belmont (2011) @No $ @ @  Hewitt G.F. and Collier J.G., Introduction to nuclear power, Taylor Francis, London (2000) @No $ @ @  Chakraborty A.K., Klatt K.-H., Konrad R., Rohde J. and Wenzl H., Catalyst for the removal of hydrogen from an atmosphere containing hydrogen, oxygen and steam, US Patent 5198405, March, (1993) @No $ @ @  Jin Y.C., Yang L., Nishid M., Kanematsu W. and Hibino T., Partially proton-exchanged WP with high conductivity at intermediate temperatures, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.13(11), B123-B126 (2010) @No $ @ @  Lesnyak V.V., Slobodyanik N.S., Yatsimirsky V.K. and Boldyreva N.A., Catalytic activity of tungsten phosphate (IV), (V), (VI) at carbon monoxide oxidation, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 130, 3807-3812 (2000) @No $ @ @  PDF-2 Data Base JCPDS-ICDD 2007. JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data: Newtown Square, PA, USA (2007) @No $ @ @  Lisnyak V.V., Stoos N.V., Slobodyanik N.S., Belyavina N.M. and Markiv V.Ya., Crystal structure of a novel cubic pyrophosphate WP, J. Alloys Compd.309(1),83-87 (2000) @No $ @ @  Yatsimirskii V.K., Lesnyak V.V., Gut I.N. and Boldyreva O.Yu., Effect of Pt, Pd, and Cs Additives on the Surface State and Catalytic Activity of WO in Oxidation of Hydrogen, Theor. Exper. Chem.41(2), 135-138 (2005) @No $ @ @  Strizhak P.E., Trypolskyi A.I., Kosmambetova G.R., Didenko O.Z. and Gurnyk T.N., Geometric and electronic approaches to size effects in heterogeneous catalysis, Kin. Catal.52(1), 128-138 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Studies on the Performance of Protonated cross linked Chitosan Beads (PCCB) for Chromium Removal<#LINE#>S.@Sugashini,S.@Gopalakrishnan<#LINE#>55-59<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-081_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-14, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>30/3/2012<#LINE#>3/4/2012<#LINE#> The heavy metals in the soil and ground water have endangered our environment and human body by direct or indirect pathway. Theoretically, the traditional remediation method is physical-chemical processes, which resulted in high capital cost and serious damage in contaminated sites. Currently, bioremediation is a developing biologic process that offers the possibility to destroy various contaminants using natural biological activity. Biopolymers are industrially attractive for a number of reasons; their capability of lowering transition metal-ion concentration to parts per billion concentrations, they are widely available and are environmentally safe.This paper deals with the preparation of protonated cross linked chitosan beads for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution. The effect of process parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were studied on the performance of percentage removal of chromium. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were established to test the solute interaction with solvent and rate of the reaction respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were also determined to find the nature and spontaneity of the reaction. <#LINE#> @ @ Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U. Assessment of Physicochemical Contaminants in Waters and Fishes from Selected Rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Res. J. Chem. Sci,6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Garole D. J., Garole V. J. and Dalal D.S. Recovery of metal value from electroplating sludge. Res. J. Chem. Sci., 61-63(2012) @No $ @ @ Sonawane V.Y. Mechanistic study of chromium (VI) catalysed oxidation of benzyl alcohol by polymer supported chromic acid.Res. J. Chem. Sci,. 25-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ EPA Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives EPA/625/5-90/25, EPA/625/4-89/023, Environmental Protection Agency Cincinaati OH USA (1990) @No $ @ @ Vedula R.K. and Balamajumder  C. simultaneous adsorptive removal of cyanide and phenol from industrial waste water : optimization of process parameters. Res. J. Chem. Sci.,  30-39 (2011) @No $ @ @ Monser L. and Adhoum N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater, Sep. Purif. Techno.,26, 137-146 (2002) @No $ @ @ Septhum C., Rattanaphani S., Bremner J.B. and  Rattanaphani, V. An adsorption study of Al (III) ions onto chitosan, J. Hazard. Mater, 148, 185-191 (2007) @No $ @ @ Crini G. and Badot P. M., Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature,Prog. Polym. Sci.,33, 399-447 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jaafari K. and Elmaleh S. Equilibrium and kinetics of Nitrate removal by Protonated Cross- linked Chitosan. water SA,27, 9-13 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chang M.Y. and Juang R.S. Adsorption of tannic acid, humic acid, and dyes from water using the composite of chitosan and activated clay, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,278,18-25 (2004) @No $ @ @ EI-Ashtoukhy Z.E.S., Amin, N.K. and Abdelwahab, O. Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent. Desalination,223, 162-173 (2008) @No $ @ @ Attia A.A., Khedr S.A. and Elkholy S.A., Adsorption of chromium ion (VI) by acid activated carbon, Braz. J. Chem. Eng,27, 183-193 (2010) @No $ @ @ Suantak K., Chandrajit B.  and Shri C.,Removal of As (III) from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption onto Maize (Zea mays) Leaves Surface: Parameters Optimization, Sorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies, Res. J. Chem. Sci..73-79 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Biodegradation of Waste gas Containing Benzene by using Corn-Cob based Biofilter<#LINE#>Rahul,AnilKumar@Mathur,Balomajumder@Chandrajit1@<#LINE#>60-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2012-083_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, INDIA @ Uttar Pradesh, Pollution Control Board, Agra-282007, INDIA<#LINE#>6/4/2012<#LINE#>13/4/2012<#LINE#>In this present study, a bacterial strain is capable of utilizing benzene as a sole carbon source was isolated from biofilter. Based on the biochemical test the microbes was identified as Bacillus sphaericus. Performance of a biofilter packed with corn-cob packing media was studied for biolfiltration. The removal of benzene was evaluated for various  concentration  range from 0.0893 to 0.1006 and at empty bed residence time (EBRT) varying from 3.06 to 1.15 s.  The experiment was conducted for a period of 68 days in five different phases. When the benzene loading was less than 1.9033 gm-3-1, nearly 99.95% removal could be achieved. A maximum elimination capacity of 2.377 gm-3-1 was obtained at a loading of 2.5109 gm-1 with an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 138 s in phase II.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mohseni M. and Grant A.D., Bio filtration of mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic volatile organic compounds, Chem. Eng. Sci., 55,1545–1558 (2000) @No $ @ @ Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), USEPA (2005) @No $ @ @ Shim H., Shin E. and Yang, S.T., A continuous fibrous-bed bioreactor for BTEX biodegradation by a co-culture of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Advan.  Environ. Res.,  , 203-216 (2002) @No $ @ @ ASTDR, Priority list of hazardous substances, Agency of toxic substances and disease registry (1997) @No $ @ @ Thakur Prabhat Kumar, Rahul, Mathur Anil Kumar and Balomajumder Chandrajit, Biofiltration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – An Overview, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(8)83-92 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mathur A. K., Majumder C. B. and S Chatterjee, Combined removal of BTEX in air stream by using mixture of sugar cane bagasse, compost and  GAC as biofilter media, J. Hazard. Mater.,148, 64–74 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mathur A. K., Sundaramurthy J. and Balomajumder C., Kinetics of the removal of mono-chlorobenzene vapour from waste gases using a trickle bed air biofilter, J. Hazard. Mater.,137 (3), 1560–1568 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khan F. I. and Ghoshal A. K., Removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted air, J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.,13, 527–545 (2000) @No $ @ @ Burgess J.E., Parsons S.A. and Stuetz R.M., Developments in odour control and waste gas treatment biotechnology: a review, Biotechnol. Adv.,19, 35–63 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bohn H., Consider biofilter for decontaminating gases, Chem. Eng. Prog.,88(4), 34-40 (1992) @No $ @ @ Rahul, Mathur Anil Kumar and Balomajumder Chandrajit, Biodegradation of Waste Gas containing Mixture of BTEX by B. Sphaericus, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5)52-60 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kristiansen Anja, Pedersen Kristina Hadulla, Nielsen Per Halkjer, Nielsen Lars Peter, Nielsen Jeppe Lund and Schramm Andreas, Bacterial community structure of a full-scale biofilter treating pig house exhaust air, Systematic and Applied Microbiol, 34, 344-352 (2011) @No $ @ @ Babbitt C.W., Pacheco A. and Lindner A.S., Methanol removal efficiency and bacterial diversity of an activated carbon biofilter, Bioresour Technol,100, 6207–6216 (2009) @No $ @ @ Moon L.E., Lee S.Y., Lee S.H., Ryu H.W. and Cho K.S., Earthworm cast as a promising filter bed material and its methanotrophic contribution to methane removal, J. Hazard. Mater.,176131–138 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lodge J.P., Methoda of Air Sampling and Analysis,Lewis Publishing Inc, New York (1989) @No $ @ @ Juneson C., Ward O.P. and Singh A., Microbial treatment of a styrene-contaminated air stream in a biofilter with high elimination capacities, J.  Ind.  Microbiol  Biotechnol, 261, 96-202 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shareefdeen Z and Baltzic B.C., Biofiltration of toluene vapor under steady-state and transient conditions: theory and experimental results, Chem Eng Sci, 49, 4347-4360(1994) @No $ @ @ Acuna M.E., Perez F., Auria R. and Revah S., Microbiological and kinetic aspects of a biofilter for the removal of toluene from waste gases, Biotechnol Bioeng, 63175-184 (1999) @No $ @ @ Jorio H., Payre G. and Heitz M., Mathematic modeling of gas-phase biofilter performance, J.  Chem Technol Biotechnol, 78834-846 (2003) @No $ @ @ Arnold M., Reittu A., VonWright A., Martikainen P. J. and Suihko M. L., Bacterial degradation of styrene in waste gases using a peat filter, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 48738-744 (1997) @No $ @ @ Zilli M., Daffonchio D., Di Felice1 R., Giordani M. and Converti A., Treatment of benzene-contaminated airstreams in laboratory-scale biofilters packed with raw and sieved sugarcane bagasse and with peat, Biodegradation, 15, 87-96 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sene L., Converti A., Felipe M. G. A. and Zilli M., Sugar Cane Bagasse as Alternative Packing  Material for Biofiltration of Benzene Polluted Gaseous Stream -a Preliminary Study, Biores Techn,83153-157 (2002) @No $ @ @ Christen P., Domenech F., Michelena G., Auria R., and Revah S., Biofiltration of volatile ethanol using sugar cane bagasse inoculated with candida utilis, J. Hazard. Mater., B89, 253-265 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on Conversion of Carbohydrate content in the Mixture of Vegetable Wastes into Biogas in a Single Stage Anaerobic Reactor<#LINE#>V.@DhanalakshmiSridevi,S.V.@Srinivasan,R.@Kayalvizhi,R.@Bhuvaneswari<#LINE#>66-71<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2012-084_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, GKM College of Engineering and Technology Chennai–63, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Environment Technology Division, (CLRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, INDIA  <#LINE#>6/4/2012<#LINE#>14/4/2012<#LINE#> In the present study mixture of vegetable wastes were an-aerobically digested in a single stage mesophilic reactor. Vegetable wastes having near similar pH and moisture content have been chosen (carrot, beans and brinjal having pH 5.4, 5.8 and 5.7 respectively and moisture content 89.8%, 90.29% and 89.4% respectively) so that total solids content do not vary significantly in the feed composition for the study. These wastes contain predominantly carbohydrates and less protein and fat. The reactors were operated at two different organic loading rates (OLR) 0.25 and 0.5gVS/l.d, with the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 25days. The performance of the reactors was evaluated by estimating destruction of total and volatile Solids and by monitoring daily gas production.  Volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile was determined for each organic load during the operation. The biogas yield was, 0.383 and 0.522 l/gTSadded and 0.423 and 0.576 l/gVSadded for the two OLR respectively. The methane content in the gas was around 63% and methane yield was 0.226 and 0.362 l CH / gVSadded for the selected vegetables for the two OLR respectively. The objective of this paper was to study the effective conversion of carbohydrate content in the selected mixture of vegetable wastes in a single stage anaerobic reactor for biogas production. <#LINE#> @ @ Gunaselan N.V., Anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production: a review, Biomass and Bioenergy,13 , 83 – 11(1997) @No $ @ @ Nirmala B., Deepak S and Sunil K., Biomethanation of Banana peel and Pineapple waste, Bioresource Technology, 58, 73-76 (1996) @No $ @ @ Bouallagui H., BenCheikh R., Marouani L. and Hamdi M., Mesophilic biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste in tubular digester, Bioresour Technol, 86, 85-90 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mata. Alvarez J., Cecchi F., llabres P. and Pavan P., Anerobic digestion of the Barcelona central food market organic wastes: plant design and feasibility study, Bioresour Technol,  42, 33-42 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bouallagui H, Haouari O., Touhami Y., Ben Cheik R., Marouani and Hamdi M., Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste, Process Biochemistry,  39(12), 2143-2148 (2004) @No $ @ @ Viturtia A., Mata-Alvarez J. and Fazzini G., Two phase anaerobic digestion of mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes, Biological wastes,29, 189-199 (1989) @No $ @ @ Misi S.N. and Forster C.F., Semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of agro waste, Environmental Technology, 23, 445-451(2002) @No $ @ @ Ojolo S.J., Bamgboye A.I., Ogunsina B.S. and Oke S.A., Analytical approach for predicting biogas generation in a municipal solid waste anaerobic digester, Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng.,5(3), 179-186 (2008) @No $ @ @ Prema V., Sumitra Devi S. and Krishna Nand., Anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable processing wastes for biogas production, Bioresou. Technol.,40, 43-48 (1994) @No $ @ @  Knol C.M., Nelson D.D. and De Wart J., Biogas production by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste, J.Sci. Food Agric,29, 822-830 (1978) @No $ @ @ Patil J.H., Molayan Lourdu Antony Raj, Bhargav S. and Sowmya S.R., Anerobic co-digestion of water hyacinth with primary sludge, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 1(3), 72-77 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi Sridevi V. and Ramanujam R.A. Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester: An Analytical Approach , Res. J.Recent Sci.1(3), 41-47 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bouallagui H., Touhami Y., Ben Cheik R. and Hamdi M., Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes, Process Biochemistry, 40, 989-995 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sharma V.K., Testa C., Cornacchia G., Lastella G. and Farina R., anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste available from orthofruit market: Prelimnary experimental results, Energy Conservation and Management,40, 287 – 304 (1999) @No $ @ @ Callaghan F.J., Wase  D.A.J., Thayanithy K. and Forster C. F., Continuous co-digestion of cattle slurry with fruit and vegetable waste and chicken manure, Biomass and Bioenergy,  27, 71-77 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hill D.T., Cobb S.A. and Bolte J.P., Using volatile acid relationship to predict anaerobic digester failure, Trans ASAE,  30, 496-501(1987) @No $ @ @ Nirmala S., Deepak. and Sunil K., Biomethanation of Banana peel and Pineapple waste, Bioresource Technology,  58, 73-76 (1996) @No $ @ @  Lane A.G., Laboratory scale anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable solid waste, Biomass,  , 245-259 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sharma S.K., Mishra I.M., Sharma M.P.  and Saini J.S., Effect of particle size on biogas generation from biomass residues, Biomass,17, 251-263 (1988) @No 
<#LINE#>Influence of Melonic acid on the Corrosion Inhibition of Sodium Metavanadate in Chloride Medium<#LINE#>V.@Sribharathy,Rajendran@Susai<#LINE#>72-81<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2012-172_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Corrosion Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul-624005, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, RVS School of Engineering and Technology, Dindugul-624005, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>21/8/2011<#LINE#>2/2/2012<#LINE#>The inhibition efficiency (SMV) – melonic  acid system  is controlling corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous solution containing 60 ppm of Cl- has been evaluated by weight loss method.250 ppm of SMV has 56% of IE. Addition of melonic acid to SMV improves the inhibition efficiency of the system. Formulation consisting of 250 ppm of SMV and 250 ppm of melonic acid has 96% IE. Synergistic effects exist between SMV and melonic acid, if the synergism parameters are greater than 1. Mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition have been studied by electro chemical studies like polarization and electro chemical impedance spectroscopy. FTIR spectra reveals that the protective film consists of Fe2+ - SMV complex and Fe2+ - melonic acid complex, the protective film has been analyzed by fluorescence spectra, SEM  and AFM . <#LINE#> @ @ Kending M. and Buchheit R.G., Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys by Soluble Chromates, Chromate Coatings and Chromate-Free Coatings Corrosion (Houston), 59(5), 379-400 (2003) @No $ @ @ Iannuzzi M., Young T. and  Frankel G.S, Aluminum Alloy Corrosion Inhibition by Vanadates J. Electrochem. Soc.,153(12), B533-B541 (2006) @No $ @ @ Guan Hand Buchheit R.G, Corrosion (Houston), 60, 284-294 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ralston K.D.,  Chrisanti S.,  Young T.L. and  Buchheit R.G., Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 by Aqueous Vanadium Species, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(7), C350-C359 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cook R.L. and T. aylor S.R., Characterization of Inhibitor Release from Zn-Al- [V10O28] 6–Hydrotalcite Pigments and Corrosion Protection from Hydrotalcite- Pigmented Epoxy Coatings Corrosion (Houston), 56, 321-333(2000) @No $ @ @ Buchheit R.G., Guan H., Mahajanam S., and Wong F., Active corrosion protection and corrosion sensing in chromate-free organic coatings, Prog. Org. Coat., 47(9)174-182 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chambers B.D., Taylor S.R., and Kending M.W., Corrosion (Houston), 51, 480-489 (2005) @No $ @ @ Crans D.C. and Tracey A.S., Peroxo-, Hydroxylamido- and acac-derived Vanadium Complexes, ACS Symp. Ser., 7(11), 2-29 (1998) @No $ @ @ Petterson L. and Elvigson K., ACS Symp, Ser., 7(11), 30 (1998) @No $ @ @ Petterson L., Equilibria of polyoxometalates in aqueous solution, Mol. Eng., 3(1-3), 29-42 (1993) @No $ @ @ Cruywagen J.J., Mo (VI) and W(VI) removal from water samples by acid-treated high area carbon cloth, Adv. Inorg. Chem., 49 127-182 (2000) @No $ @ @ Holleman A.F. and Wiberg E., Inorganic chemistry, Academic Press, New York (2011) @No $ @ @ Frankel G.S. and. Mc Creery R.L, Releasable corrosion inhibitor compositions, Interface, (USA) 34-38 (2001) @No $ @ @ Campestrini P., Goeminne G., Terryn H. and Vereecken J., Corrosion Resistance of Cr (III)Based Conversion Layer on Zinc Coatingsin Comparison with a raditional Cr (VI)Based Passivation Treatment, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, B59- B70 (2004) @No $ @ @ Crompton J.S, Andrews P.R. and Alpine E.M, Characteristics of a conversion coating on aluminium Surf., Interface Anal., 13,  160 (1988) @No $ @ @ Wranglen G., Introduction to corrosion and protection of metals, London: chapman and Hall 236 (1985) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Vaibhavi S. and Anthony N., Inhibitive action of hydroquinone - Zn2+ system in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel in well watercorrosion, 59, 529-534 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Raji A., Arokiaselvi A., Rosaly J. and Thangaswamy, Parents' education and achievement scores in chem- istry Edutracks, 6, 30-34 (2007) @No $ @ @ Agnesia Kanimozhi S. and Rajendran S., Inhibitive Properties of Sodium tungstate-Zn2+ System and its Synergism with HEDP, International J. Electro Chem Sci., , 353-368 (2009) @No $ @ @ Silver stein R.M, Bassler G.C and. Morrill T.C., Spectroscopic Identification of organic compound, Newyork, NY: John Wiley and sons, 95 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sathyabama J., Susai R. Arokia S.J. and John A.A, Methyl orange as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in well water Indian, J chem Tech, 15, 462-466 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Sridevi S.P., Anthony N., John Amalraj A. and Sundaravadivelu N., Corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in polyvinyl alcohol, Anti Corro. Methods Maerial, 52, 102-107 (2005) @No $ @ @ Felicia Rajammal Selvarani, Santhanalakshmi S., Wilson Sahayaraja J., John Amalraj A. and Susai Rajendran,Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by succinic acid – Zn2+ system, Bull.Electrochemistry, 20, 561-565 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sathiyabama J., Susai Rajendran, Arokia selvi J., Bull. Electrochemistry, Methyl orange as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in well water22, 363-370 (2006) @No $ @ @ Susai Rajendran, Manimaran M., Wilson Sahayaraja J., Sathiyabama J., John Amalraj A. and Palaniswamy N., Trans., SASET, 41, 462-466 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Manimaran M., Investigation of inhibitive action of urea- zn2+ system in the corrosion control of carbon steel in sea water, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 3(11), 8048-8060  (2011) @No $ @ @ Dumas Ph., Butffakhreddine B., Am C. OVatel E., Ands, Galindo R. and Salvan F., Quantitative Microroughness Analysis down to the Nanometer Scale  Europhys, Lett, 22, 717-722 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bennet J.M, Jahannir J., Podlesny J.C, Baiter T. Land Hobbs D.T, Analysis of nano film by atomic force microscopy Appl, Opt, 43, 213-230 (1995) @No $ @ @ Amra C., Deumie C., Torricini D., Roche P., Galindo R., Dumas P. and Salvan F., Combination of surface characterization techniques for investigating optical thin-film components Int, Symp. on Optical Inference coating, SPIE 2253 614-630 (1994) @No 
<#LINE#>Assessment of Pre-Dregding levels of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments of Otamiri River, IMO State of Nigeria<#LINE#>G.N.@Iwuoha,L.C.@Osuji,Jnr.@HorsfallM.<#LINE#>82-87<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2012-181_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of pure and industrial chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>30/8/2011<#LINE#>14/9/2011<#LINE#> The distribution, controlling geochemical factors and contamination status of heavy metals in sediments of Otamiri River in Owerri, Imo State of Nigeria, were investigated. Two groups of bed sediments samples were collected from three sites during February 2008 and June 2008. The samples were analyzed to determine their heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Cr), pH and Total organic carbon (TOC %) content. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations were slightly higher in February than those sampled in June. The results also showed that metal content are directly correlated to TOC%. Environmental assessment of sediments pollution by heavy metal was carried out using geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and comparison with Canadian, Dutch and German targets for sediment quality Guidelines. The results indicated that natural processes such as weathering and erosion of bedrock are the main supply sources of heavy metals in sediments of Otamiri Rivers near Owerri, as the sediments were noted to be in unpolluted or excellent state. <#LINE#> @ @ Sheikh M.A., Noah N.M., Tsuha K. and Oomoti T., Occurrence of tributyltin compounds and characteristics of heavy metals, Int. J. Environ, Sci Tech., 4(1), 49-60 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zvinowanda C.M., Okonkwo J.O., Shabalala P.N. and Agyei N.M., A Novel adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in aqueous environments, Int. J. Environs Sci. Tech,6(3), 425-435 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ibe K.M. and Njemanze G.N., The impact of urbanization and protection of water resources, Owerri, Nigeria,J. of Environmental hydrology 6, 9 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sreedevi P. Suresh A., Sivaramakanisgma B, prabharathi B.  and Radha Krishaiah K., Bioaccumulation of Nickel in the Organs of the fresh water fish cyriono Carpio and the fresh water mussel Lamelliokens Marginalsi, under lethal and sublethal Nickel stress chemisphere, 24(1), 29–36(1992) @No $ @ @ Oguzie F.A., Heavy metals in fish, water and effluents of lower Ikpoba River in Benin, Nigeria Pak, J. Sci ind. Res., 46(3) 156– 160 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hendershot W.H., Lalande H. and Duquette M., Soil pH; soil sampling and method of analysis, Lewis publishers. U.S.A. (1993) @No $ @ @ Schnitzer M., Soil organic matter, in page A.L. Eds., methods of soil analysis part II. Chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd Ed. ASA inc. and SSSA inc. publishers; Madison, WI, US (1982) @No $ @ @ Muller G., Schwermetalle in den sediment des RheinsVera Enderungenseit. Umschau 79; 778-783. Green- Ruiz, C. and PaAez- Osuna, F.(2001) , Heavy metal anomalies in lagoon sediments related to intensive Agriculture in Altata-ensenda del pabelloan coastal system (SE Gulf of Turekain K.K., Wedepohl K.H., Distribution of elements in some units of the earth’s crust, Geol. Soc. 72, 175-192 (1961) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., S.I and Banerjee D.K.. Orain size and geochemical portioning of Heavy metals in sediments of Damider River. A tributary of lower Ganga, IndiaEnvironmental Geology, 39, 90-98 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gruiz K., Muranyi A., Molnar M. and Horvath B., Risk assessment of Heavy metal contamination in Danube sediments from Hungary, Water sci. technol(1998) @No $ @ @ Claussen U., Cohors-Fresenborg D., Irmer U., Leonhardt H., Marked C., Mehlhorn B., Moller H.W., Mohaupt V., Rechenberg J., Schmitz E. and Wolter R., Environmental quality objectives and action target for water protectionstatus report and prospects, UBAenvironmental-agency, P.O. Box 330022, 14191 Berlin, Germany (2000) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Thermodynamic study on the interaction of Co2  with Jack Bean Urease<#LINE#>G.@RezaeiBehbehani,L.@Barzegar,M.@Mohebian,M.@Mirzaie,A.@Taherkhani<#LINE#>88-90<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-053_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Department, Islamic Azad University, Takestan branch, Takestan, IRAN <#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>12/4/2012<#LINE#>The interaction of Jack Bean Urease(IBU) with cobalt (II) ion was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 300 Kand 310 K in 30 mM Tris buffer, pH=7. The stability of the enzyme increases due to its binding with cobalt ions. The extended solvation model was used to reproduce the heats of Co2++JBU interaction. It was found that there is a set of 12 equivalent and non-interacting binding sites for Co2+ ions. The association equilibrium constant and the molar enthalpy of binding are4260.76-1 -16.5 kJmol-1at 300 K and 3438-1, -16 kJmol-1at 310 K, respectively.  <#LINE#> @ @ Rescigno A., Sollai F., Pisu B., Rinaldi A. and Sanjust E. Tyrosinase inhibition: general and applied aspects.  J.Enzym Inhib. Med. Chem.,17, 207-218 (2002) @No $ @ @ Amin E., Saboury A A., Mansouri-Torshizi H., Zolghadri S. and Bordbar A-Kh.,  Evaluation of p-phenylene-bis and phenyl dithiocarbamate sodium salts as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase, J. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 57, 277-283 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A A., Taherkhani A., Barzegar L. and Mollaagazade A., A thermodynamic study on the binding of mercury and silver ions to urease, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 105, 1081–1086 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbahani G., Saboury A. A., Divsalar A., Faridbod F. and Ganjali M.R., A Thermodynamic Study on the Binding of Human Serum Albumin with Lanthanum Ion, Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 28, 159-163 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbahani G., Saboury A. A., Barzegar L., and Yousefi O., A Thermodynamic investigation of Aspirin interaction with Human Serum Albumin at 298 and 310 K, Journal of Thermodynamics and Catalysis, , 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A. A., Taherkhani  A.,  Barzegar L. and Mollaagazade A.,  A Thermodynamic Study on the binding of Mercury and silver Ions to urease,J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 105, 1081-1086 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbahani G.,  Taherkhani A., Barzegar  L., Saboury A. A., and Divsalar A.,  Refolding of lysozyme upon interaction with -cyclodextrin, Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of  Iran, 22, 117-120 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A A., Barzegar L., Zarean O., Abedini J. and Payehghdr  M., A Thermodynamic Study on the interaction of nickel ion with myelin basic protein by isothermal titration calorimerty. J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 101, 379-384 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbehani G., and Barzegar L.,   Thermal study of lysozyme binding with -cyclodextrin, Applied Mechanics and Materials,110, 1966-1969 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mirzaie M., and Rezaei Behbehani G. Thermal Study of the nickel ion Interaction with Myelin Basic Protein, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 110, 1963-19665 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>The Effect of Hybridization on Mechanical Behaviour of Coir/Sisal/Jute Fibres Reinforced Polyester Composite Material<#LINE#>@DixitS.,P.@Verma<#LINE#>91-93<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-069_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>19/3/2012<#LINE#>23/3/2012<#LINE#> In the presentinvestigation, the effect of hybridization on mechanical properties on coir and sisal reinforced polyester composite (CSRP), coir and jute reinforced polyester composite (CJRP), jute and sisal reinforced polyester composite (JSRP) were evaluated experimentally. Composites were fabricated using compression moulding technique.The results demonstrate that hybridization play an important role for improving the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile and flexural properties of hybrid composites are markedly improved as compare to unhybrid composites. Water Sorptionbehaviour of composite was also studied. Water absorption behaviour indicated that hybrid composites offer better resistance to water absorption. This work demonstrates the potential of thehybrid natural fibre composite materials for use in a number of consumable goods. <#LINE#> @ @ Santulli C., Impact properties of glass/plant fibre hybrid laminates, J Mater Sci, 42, 3699–3707, (2007) @No $ @ @ Albuquerque A.C., Joseph K., de Carvalho L.H. and de Almeida J. R. M., Effect of wettability and ageing conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented jute roving reinforced polyester composites, comp sci tech 60, 833-844 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharjee C.R., Sharon M. and Nath A., Synthesis of Nano Composites from Plant-based Sources, Research Journal of Chemical Science, 2(2), 75-78 (2012) @No $ @ @ Davidson R. and Hancox N. L., Development of jute based Composite Era, International symposium on bio composites and blends based on jute and allied fibers 83 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rana A.K. and Mandal A., Jute composites: Processes, products and properties, Jute Confo –96, PSG college of technology, Coimbatour, 90-102 (1996) @No $ @ @ Prabhuram T., Somuraja V. and Prabhakaran S.,  Hybrid composite  materials, Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering (FAME), 27 - 31 ,(2010) @No $ @ @ Thwe M.M. and Liao K., Durability of bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 375–387 (2003) @No $ @ @ Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Hanida S., Kang C. W. and NikFuaad N. A., Agro-hybrid Composite: The Effects on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Oil Palm Fiber (EFB)/Glass Hybrid Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 26(2), 203-218 (2007) @No $ @ @ Panthapulakkal S. and Sain M., Studies on the Water Absorption Properties of Short Hemp—Glass Fiber Hybrid Polypropylene Composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 41 (15), 1871-1883 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jacob M.,  Francis B., Thomas S. and Varughese K.T., Dynamical mechanical analysis of sisal/oil palm hybrid fiber-reinforced natural rubber composites,  Polymer Composites,  27(6), 671–680 (2006) @No