@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Grafted Acrylonitrile on Polystyrene modified with Carbon nanotubes using Gamma-irradiation<#LINE#>Radhi@MuhammedMizher,Haider@AdawiyaJ.,Jameel@ZainabNaser,Tee@TanWee,Mohamad@ZakiBAbRahman,Kassim@AnuarBin<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2011-219.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Radiological Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technology, Baghdad, IRAQ @ Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center-University of Technology-Baghdad, IRAQ @ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>8/10/2011<#LINE#>13/11/2011<#LINE#>Acrylonitrile was successfully grafted on polystyrene modified with carbon nanotubes using gamma-irradiation technique. This process was carried out at various gamma doses (0.2-1.5 Mrad). The new grafted polymer (GP) was characterized and its properties were investigated. In this study, it was found that 2 gm of polystyrene, 90% (w/w) acrylonitrile monomer, 2% (w/w) ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) catalyst, 1 mg carbon nanotubes powder and 1.25 Mrad gamma dose are the optimum conditions required for the polymerization of GP. The grafted polymer was proved true by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy and XRD. A mechanism is presented to explain the formation of GP modified with carbon nanotubes. <#LINE#> @ @  Zdenko S., Dimitrios T. and Konstantinos P., Costas Galiotis, Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties, Prog. in Poly. Sci., (35), 357–401 (2010) @No $ @ @ Fragneaud B., Masenelli V.K., Gonzalez M.A., Terrones M. and Cavaille J.Y., Efficient coating of N-doped carbon nanotubes with polystyrene using atom transfer radical polymerization, Chem. Phys. Lett., 419(4–6), 567–73 (2006) @No $ @ @  Fragneaud B., Masenelli V.K., Gonzalez M.A., Terrones M. and Cavaille J.Y.,Mechanical behavior of polystyrene grafted carbon nanotubes/polystyrene nanocomposites,Compos. Sci. and Tech.,68(15-16), 3265-3271 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shanmugharaj M., Bae J.H., Rati R.N. and Sung H.R., Preparation of poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization,J. Poly. Sci. Part B: Poly. Phys.,45(3), 460 – 470 (2006) @No $ @ @  Soon M.K., Hun S. K., Don Y.K., Young S.Y. and Hyoung J.J., Polystyrene composites containing crosslinked polystyrene-multiwalled carbon nanotube balls, J. Appl. Poly. Sci.,110(6), 3737 – 3744 (2008) @No $ @ @  Rahul S., Bin Z., Daniel P., Mikhail E.I., Hui H., James L., Elena B. and Robert C., Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polystyrene and Polyurethane Nanofibers and Membranes by Electrospinning, Nano Letters,  (3), 459–464 (2004) @No $ @ @  Rati R.N., Kwang Y.L., Shanmugharaja A.M. and Sung H.R., Synthesis and characterization of styrene grafted carbon nanotube and its polystyrene nanocomposite, Eur. Poly. J.,43(12), 4916-4923 (2007) @No $ @ @  Belchior A., Botelho M.L., Peralta L. and Vaz P., Dose mapping of a 60Co irradiation facility using PENELOPE and MCNPX and its validation by chemical dosimetry, J. App. Rad. Iso.,66, 435-440 (2008) @No $ @ @  Colthup N.B., Daly L.H. and Wiberley S.G., Introduction to Infrared and  Raman Spectroscopy, 2nded., New York Academic Press, (1975) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay S., Chaki T.K. and Bhowmick A.K., Structural characterization of electron-beam crosslinked thermoplastic elastomeric films from blends of polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers,J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,81(8), 1936-50 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hegazy E.A., Kamal H., Abdel G.M. and Abdel M. A., Removal of cesium-134 and cobalt-60 with radiation-grafted copolymers from their liquid wastes,  J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 95(4), 936-45 (2005) @No $ @ @  Radhakumary C., Prabha D.N., Suresh M., and Reghunadhan C.P.N., Biopolymer Composite of Chitosan and Methyl Methacrylate for Medical Applications, Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs., 18(2),117-124 (2005) @No $ @ @  Manas C., Introduction to polymer science and chemistry: a problem solving approach, USA: CRC press; 315-320 (2006) @No $ @ @  Jia Z., Wang Z., Xu C., Liang J., Wei B. and Wu D., Study on poly (methyl methacrylate): carbon nanotube composites, Mater Sci Eng A.,271, 395–400 (1999) @No $ @ @ Park S.J., Cho M.S., Lim S.T., Choi H.J. and Jhon M.S., Synthesis and dispersion characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube composites with poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by in-situ bulk polymerization, Macromol Rapid Commun 24, 1070–3 (2003) @No $ @ @  Blond D., Barron V., Ruether M., Ryan K.P., Nicolosi V. and Blau W.J., Enhancement of modulus, strength, and toughness in poly (methyl methacrylate)-based composites by the incorporation of poly (methyl methacrylate)-functionalised nanotubes., Adv Funct Mater, 16, 1608–14 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Simultaneous determination of Zinc(II) and Cobalt(II) by First order derivative Spectrophotometry in Triton X-100 micellar media<#LINE#>Rajni@Rohilla,Usha@Gupta<#LINE#>8-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-152.pdf<#LINE#>Department of chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala-147002, Punjab, INDIA <#LINE#>12/6/2012<#LINE#>23/6/2012<#LINE#>A derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of Zn(II) and Co(II) in an aqueous solutions without the use of chemical separation process. The method was based upon the formation of the pink colored complexes of metal and alizarin red S (ARS). The optimal conditions for the complexation of metal species in 10-ml solution were found at the pH of 7.0 and 1.0 mL of 0.01% (w/v) ARS in Triton X-100 micellar media. The visible absorption peaks of Zn(II)-ARS and Co(II)-ARS were found overlapping at max of 535 nm and 548 nm, respectively. The first derivative spectra was acquired by calculating the rate of change in absorbance with the wavelength as a function of wavelength. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity for zinc(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are 1.143 × 10,1.358 × 10L.mol- 1.cm-1 and 0.003, 0.007 g/cm2 respectively.The developed derivative procedure, using the zero crossing technique, has been successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of Zn (II) and Co(II) in spiked water samples <#LINE#> @ @ Marczenko Z., Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, 2nd ed., Ellis Horwood, Chichester, (1986) @No $ @ @ Massoud N.Y., Spectrophotometric Determ-ination of Trace Amount of Copper (II) Ion Based on Complexation with an Anthraquinone Derivative, Analytical Science, 22, 617 (2006) @No $ @ @ Safavi A., Abdollahi H. and Mirzajani R., Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by partial least-squares calibration method, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 63, 196-199 (2006) @No $ @ @ Abbaspour A. and Baramakeh L., Simultaneous determination of zirconium and  molybdenum by firstderivative spectrophotometry, Anal Sci. , 18(10), 1127 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rohilla R. and Gupta U., Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) By First Order Derivative    Spectrophotometry in Micellar Media, E-Journal of Chemistry, 9(3), 1357 (2012) @No $ @ @ Caprioli R. and Torcini S., Determination of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt and manganese in seawater by chelation ion chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A,640, 365 (1993) @No $ @ @ Garcia Vargas M., Hernandez Artiga M.P. and Perez Bustamante J.A., Liquid-liquid extraction with 2-acetylpyridinebenzoylhydrazone in the determination of traces of copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 157, 363 (1984) @No $ @ @ Jones M., Kirkbright G.F., Ranson L. and West T.S., The simultaneous determination of traces of cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc by atomic fluorescence spectrometry with preconcentration by an automated solvent extraction procedure, Anal. Chim. Acta, 63, 210 (1973) @No $ @ @ Morris A.W., The simultaneous determination of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc in sea water by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 42, 397 (1968) @No $ @ @ Jiang Z.T., Yu J.C. and Liu Y.U., Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt, Copper and Zinc by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry after Preconcentration on PAR-loaded Ion-Exchange Resin, Anal. Sci., 21, 851 (2005) @No $ @ @ Belarra M.A., Crespo C., Martínez Garbayo M.P. and Resano M., Direct determination of cobalt and zinc in samples of different volatility by means of solid sampling–graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta B, 58,1847 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rao K.S., Balaji T., Rao T.P., Babu Y. and Naidu G.R.K , Determination of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in human hair by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta B,57, 1333 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ghasemi J., Ahmadi S., Torkestani K., Simultaneous determination of copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc using zincon as a metallochromic indicator with partial least squares, Anal. Chim. Acta,487, 181 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pouretedal H.R., Asefi M., H-point Standard Addition Method for Simultaneous Determination of  Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Ions., J. Iran. Chem. Soc.,5(4), 546 (2008) @No $ @ @ Talsky G., Derivative Spectrophotometry: Low and Higher Order, VCH, Weinheim (1994) @No $ @ @ Eskandari H., Saghseloo A.G. and Chamjangali M.A., First and Second Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of Copper and Cobalt by 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol in Tween 80 Micellar Solutions, Turk J Chem, 30, 49 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Microwave Assists the Synthesis of Pyridone azo Dyes and their Application in polyester printing<#LINE#>K.A.@Ahmed,H.M.@Elhennawy,M.A.@Elkashouti<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-159.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry of Dyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, Textile Division, National Research Center, Cairo, EGYPT  <#LINE#>20/6/2012<#LINE#>28/6/2012<#LINE#>In this study microwave assists synthesis of new class arylazopyridone dyes, where these dyes synthesized from corresponding dianalides, which coupled with some diazotized aromatic amines to give azodisperse dye which react with cyanoacetamide to form crossponding derivatives of pyridone azo dyes . the structure of these dyes were confirmed by IR, H-NMR, Mass spectra and element analysis. The fastness properties of silk screen printed polyester using these synthesized dyes have been investigated. The prints possess very good fastness properties of washing, rubbing, perspiration and light fastness.<#LINE#> @ @ Ravichandran S. and Karthikeyan E., Microwave Synthesis - A Potential Tool for Green Chemistry, Int.J. ChemTech Res., 3(1), 466-470 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ricardo A. Tapia, Lorena C.,Mauricio C.,and Joan V.,Microwave-Assisted Reaction of 2,3-Dichloronaphthoquinone with Aminopyridines, J. Braz. Chem. Soc.,20(5), 999-1002 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mohamed M.Y. and Mahmoud A.A., Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Spiro-Derivatives with Potential Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity,Molecules, 15, 8827-8840 (2010) @No $ @ @ Imanzadeha G.H., Zareb A., Khalafi-Nezhadc A., Hasaninejadd A., Moosavi Z.A.R., and Parhamic A., Microwave-Assisted Michael Addition of Sulfonamides to -Unsaturated Esters: A Rapid Entry to Protected Amino Acid Synthesis, J. Iran. Chem. Soc.,4(4), 467-475 (2007) @No $ @ @ Susumu S., Kunihiko M., Osamu A., Hyono A., Tetsu Y. “Synthesis of nanoparticles of silver and platinum by microwave-induced plasma in liquid” Surf. Coat.Tech., 206,  955–958 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jiliang W., Fan Q., Gang C., Hui L., Jiuhong Z., Yaoping X., Hai-Jian Y., Zhong L., Xianglin Y., Rong C., “Large-scale synthesis of bismuth sulfide nanorods by microwave irradiation” J. of Allo. Comp.,509, 2116–2126 (2011) @No $ @ @ Usarat R., Duangduen A. and Duangdao A., Cellulose esters from waste cotton fabric via conventional and microwave heating, Carbohyd. Polym., 87, 84–94 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kher S., Chavan K., Medhi S., Sharma R. and Deka N., Microwave Mediated Dearylation of 2-Aryloxy-5-Nitropyridine, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(6), 84-87 (2011) @No $ @ @ Cristina L., Timothy J. Mason, Microwave and ultrasonic processing: Now a realistic option for Ind., Chem. Eng. Proc.,49, 885–900 (2010) @No $ @ @ Neelancherry R. and Jih-Gaw L., Current status of microwave application in wastewater treatment, Chem. Eng.  J., 166, 797–813 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yunfeng Z. and Jing C., Applications of microwaves in nuclear chemistry and engineering, Prog Nuc. Ener.,50, 1-6 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vivek P. and Rajender S.V., Greener and expeditious synthesis of bioactive heterocycles using microwave irradiation, Pur. Appl. Chem., 80(4), 777–790 (2008) @No $ @ @ Brittany L., Hayes, Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Aldrich Chim. Acta., 37(2), 66-76(2004) @No $ @ @ Joko K. and Koga J., Proc. 9th Internat, Wool Text. Res. Conference, 19-26 (1990) @No $ @ @ Ali M. Amal, Keera A. Abeer, Helmy M. Samia, Abd ElNasser H. Nadia1, Ahmed K.A. and El-Hennawi H.M., Selection of Pigment (Melanin) production in Streptomyces and their application in Printing and Dyeing of Wool Fabrics,Res. J. Chem. Sci.1(5), 22-28 (2011) @No $ @ @ AATCC Standard instrument (North Caroling AATCC, (2002) @No $ @ @ DINEN ISO 150 105E04, 6 (1996) @No $ @ @ DINEN ISO 150 105E04, 6 (1997) @No $ @ @ Helal M.H. and Elgemeie G. H.. El-kashouti M.A. andAhmed K.A., Novel benzothiazapine azo dyes: synthesis, characterisation and printing properties, Pig. Res. Tech., 37(1) 28–36 (2008) @No $ @ @ El-kashouti M.A., ElMolla M.M, Elsayad H.S. , Ahmed K. A. , Helal M.H. and Elgemeie G.H., Synthesis of several new pyridine-2(1H) thiones containing an arylazo function and their applications in textile printing, Pig. Res. Tec.,37(2), 80-86 (2008) @No $ @ @ Harold S.F., Naacha B. and Laura C.E., Studies towards lightfast automotive dyes for polyester, JTATM.,3(4) 1-14 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Estimation of Global Solar Radiation using Sunshine Duration in Himalaya Region<#LINE#>N.@PoudyalKhem,K.@BhattaraiBinod,Balkrishna@Sapkota,Berit@Kjeldstad<#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-165.pdf<#LINE#>Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NEPAL @ 2Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NORWAY <#LINE#>1/7/2012<#LINE#>10/7/2012<#LINE#>This research work proposes the coefficient equation of Angstrom type of model for the estimation of global solar radiation in Himalaya Region Kathmandu (Nepal) (Lat. 27.7ş, Long. 85.5ş and Alt. 1350m) using relative sunshine hour.  The model regression coefficients a and b obtained in this research are 0.21 and 0.25 respectively. The performance parameters of the model are: Root Mean Square Error RMSE = 0.071, Mean Bias Error MBE= 0.055 Mean Percentage Error MPE= 0.047 and coefficient of determination R= 0.71.The solar energy can be utilized effectively throughout the year.  The model could be employed in estimating the global solar radiation at the similar geographical location of the country. <#LINE#> @ @ Sukhera M.B. and  Pasha M.A.R.,  Solar radiation maps for Pakistan, J. Solar and Wind Technology, 4(2), 229-238 (1987) @No $ @ @ Becker C.F. and Boyd J.S., Solar radiation availability on surfaces in the United States as affected by season, orientation, latitude, altitude and cloudiness, J. Solar Energy, 1(1), 13-21 (1957) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., An introduction to solar radiation, Academic Press New York, (1983) @No $ @ @ WECS, Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Energy Sector Synopsis Report Nepal, (2010) @No $ @ @ Genwa K.R. and Chouhan A., Optimum efficiency of photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage containing Brilliant Black PN-Ammonium lauryl Sulphate – EDTA system, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 117-121 (2012) @No $ @ @ Banjade D.,  Poudyal K.N., Daponte P., Rapuano S.  and Vito L. di, Estimation  of   Global  Solar Radiation using Empirical Models  at  Benevento,  Italy,  National Seminar  on Power and Communication Sectors Development (PCSD), Kathmandu, Nepal, 41-44 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mandalia H.C., Jain V. K. and Pattanaik B.N., Application of Super-molecules in  solar energy conversion, A Review,Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(1), 89-102 (2012) @No $ @ @ Exell R.H.B., The Intensity of Solar Radiation, King Mongkut’s University of technology Press, Thornburi, 549-554 (2000) @No $ @ @ Agbo G.A., Ibeh G.F. and Ekpe J.E., Estimation of global solar radiation at Onitsha with Regression Analysis and Artificial    Neural Network Models, Res. J.  Recent. Sci., 1(6), 27-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Babatunde  E.B., Solar Radiation Modeling for a Tropical Station, Ph.D. thesis:  Ilorin, Nigeria (1988) @No $ @ @ Ozuomba J.O. , Edebeatu C.C., Opara M.F., Udoye M.C. and Okonkwo N.A., The Performance of a Solar Water Distillation Kit fabricated from Local materials, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(3), 64-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Velmurugan V., Raja Balayanan S.R., Surendhra B.K. and Sakthivadivel D., Investigation of a Novel Solar Powered Absorption Refrigeration System with Solar Point Collector, Res. J.Chem. Sci., 1(7), 51-56 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sayigh A.A.M., Estimation of Total Radiation Intensity - A Universal Formula. In Mancini,  N.A. and Quercia, I.F. (Eds.) 4th Course on Solar Energy Conversion, Vol. II; ICTP, Trieste, Italy (1977) @No $ @ @ Klein S.A., Calculation of Monthly Average Isolation on Tilted Surfaces Solar Energy, 19, 307-311 (1977) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., A Study of Canadian UCU diffuse and total solar radiation data, J. of Sol. Env., 22(1), 81 (1979) @No $ @ @ Shears R.D., Flocchini R.G. and Hatfield J.L., Technical note on correlation of total, diffuse and direct solar radiation with percentage of possible sunshine for Davis, J. Sol. Ene., 27(4), 357-360 (1981) @No $ @ @ Babatunde E.B. and Aro T.O., Characteristics variation of total solar radiation at a llorin, Nig. J. Solar Energy, , 157-173   (1990) @No $ @ @ Manual, Envirodata environmental monitoring and Management EASIDATA Mark 4 Data Logger, Queensland, 4370, Australia (1982) @No $ @ @ Angstrom A., Solar and terrestrial radiation, Quart.J. .Roy., Meteo. Soc.,  50, 121-125 (1924) @No $ @ @ Prescott J.A., Evaporation from a water surface in relation to solar radiation, Tran, Roy, Soc. So. Aust.,64, 114–118 (1940) @No $ @ @ Duffie J.A. and Beckman W.A., Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. 2nd edition John Wiley and Sons, New York NY. (1991) @No $ @ @ Nayava J.L., Singh R. and Bhatta M.R., Impact of Climate, Climate Change and Modern Technology on Wheat Production in Nepal: A Case Study at Bhairahawa, J. Hydrology and Meteorology, 6(1) 1-14 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Study of Siderophore Formation in Nodule-Forming Bacterial Species<#LINE#>V.@Verma,K.@Joshi,B.@Mazumdar<#LINE#>26-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-166.pdf<#LINE#>Molecular Sciences and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston 71270, USA @ Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, INDIA<#LINE#>2/7/2012<#LINE#>16/7/2012<#LINE#>Siderophores are potent ferric ion chelators produced by microbes like bacteria and fungi during iron stress. The objective of this study was to verify the siderophore-production in nodule- forming bacteria and then to compare them with pure cultures of Rhizobium meliloti bacteria. It was achieved by inoculating nodule-forming bacteria in YEM media followed by Chrome Azurol Sulfonate (CAS) assay, a universal siderophore detection method. Formation of orange halos in blue agar plates confirmed the CAS assay. Comparison of diameter of halos with the orange halos of pure strain revealed that the former were less effective in siderophore production. The detergent HDTMA (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) also appeared to be toxic for some isolates as indicated by negligible growth of the culture. This specificity of different bacterial strains towards siderophore formation and further chelation can be used as a model for identification studies of many human pathogenic bacteria and further to find a classic microbial species for iron-related poisoning.    <#LINE#> @ @ Neilands J.B., Siderophores: Structure and Function of Microbial Iron Transport Compounds, J.Bio.Chem., 270(45), 26723–26726 (1995) @No $ @ @ Guan L.L., Kanoh K. and Kamino K., Effect of Exogenous Siderophores on Iron Uptake Activity of Marine Bacteria under Iron-Limited Conditions, App. & Env. Microbio., 67(4), 1710-1717 (2001) @No $ @ @ Louden B.C., Haarmann D. and Lynne A.M., Use of Blue Agar CAS Assay for Siderophore Detection, J. Microbio. Bio. Edu., 12(1), 51-53 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gottfred N.P.A., Christie B.R. and Jordan D.C., Use of the Chrome Azurol S Agar Plate Technique To Differentiate Strains and Field Isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii, App. Env. Microbio., 55(3), 707-710 (1989) @No $ @ @ Arora N.K., Kang S.C. and Maheshwari D.K., Isolation of siderophore-producing strains of Rhizobium meliloti and their biocontrol potential against Macrophominaphaseolina that causes charcoal rot of groundnut, Current Sci., 81(6), 673-677 (2001) @No $ @ @ Arora N.K., Kumar V. and Maheshwari D.K., Isolation of both fast and slow growing Rhizobia effectively  nodulating a medicinal legume, Mucunapruriens,Symbiosis, 29, 121–137 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dubey R.C., Maheshwari D.K., Kumar H. and Choure K., Assessment of diversity and plant growth promoting attributes of rhizobia isolated from Cajanus cajan L.,African J. Biotech., 9(50), 8619-8629 (2010) @No $ @ @ Schwyn B. and Neilands J.B., Universal Chemical Assay for the Detection and Determination of Siderophores, Ana. Biochem, 160,47-56 (1987) @No $ @ @ Krey W.B., Siderophore Production by Heterotrophic Bacterial Isolates from the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome, (2008) @No $ @ @ Guan L.L. Onuki H. and Kamino K., Bacterial Growth Stimulation with Exogenous Siderophore and Synthetic Acyl Homoserine Lactone Autoinducers under Iron-Limited and Low-Nutrient Conditions, App. & Env. Microbio., 66(7), 2797-2803 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil (Curcas Oil)<#LINE#>O.A.@Ogunwole<#LINE#>30-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-169.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#>25/7/2012<#LINE#>This work deals with the production of Biodiesel from Jatropha oil also known as Curcas oil. Material used for the production was sourced for locally. Basic test for the suitability of the Jatropha oil was carried out in the lab. The test carried out to determine if the produced Biodiesel met standards set was carried out at the NNPC Kaduna Refinery. The production consisted of very few materials which makes the fuel easily produced without much complication. Jatropha oil was heated to 60C, a solution of Potassium methoxide also at 60C was added and stirred continuously for one hour. It was left to settle for 24 hours. Glycerine is then removed from the sample by decantation. The sample is then washed and dried. Test carried out on the biodiesel found it well within limits set for biodiesel’s properties by ISO 14214 specification on Biodiesel.  <#LINE#> @ @ Perkin Elmer, Differentiation between Fossil and Bio fuels by Liquid Scintillation Beta Spectrometry – Direct Method, 6, (2009) @No $ @ @ Hansen Alan C., Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel, CABER Seminar, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois, 6, (2008) @No $ @ @ Divan Deepak and Kreikebaum, Frank Organic (But not Green), IEEE Spectrum, North American, 46(11), 49-53 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shapouri, The Energy banalce of corn ethanol: An update, united states department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report, 813, 8 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vera C.R., D'Ippolito S.A., Pieck C.L. and Parera J.M., Production of biodiesel by a two-step supercritical reaction process with adsorption refining, 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering, 4th Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, (2005) @No $ @ @ Nicholas E., Fast, Easy Preparation of Biodiesel Using Microwave Heating, Energy & Fuels, 20, 2281-2283 (2006) @No $ @ @ Du, Wei Comparative Study on Lipase-Catalyzed Transformation of Soya-bean Oil for Biodiesel Production with Different Acyl Acceptors, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 30(3-4), 125-129 (2004) @No  
<#LINE#>Contribution of Black Carbon Aerosol from Vehicles and Industries in Kathmandu Case Study<#LINE#>R.K.@Sharma,B.K.@Bhattarai,B.K.@Sapkota,M.B.@Gewali,Amatya@N.B.,B.@Kjeldstad<#LINE#>34-39<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-172.pdf<#LINE#>Pulchowk Campus Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NEPAL @ Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, NEPAL @ Depart of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY <#LINE#>12/7/2012<#LINE#>25/7/2012<#LINE#> Black carbon (BC) aerosol was measured at an interval of every five minutes at Pulchowk Campus, Lalitpur Nepal from May 2009 to 6th May 2010 using seven channels Magee Scientific AE-31 Aethalometer. In this paper, the data of six continuous strike days and working day are analyzed to identify the actual portion of BC contributed by vehicles and industries in the total concentration of BC aerosol. During six continuous strike days, 1-6 May 2010 all the industries were completely shut down and there were no vehicles plying on the road. Therefore, BC emission by vehicles and industries was considered as zero and only domestic activity was assumed as main source. In working day the mean value of BC aerosol was 10.91µg m-3 in a range between 5.45µg m-3and 22.3 µg m-3 while on the first day of strike, it was between 3.03 and 11.9 µg m-3 with the  mean value of 6.31µg m-3. On the last day of the strike, the variation of BC aerosol from minimum to maximum was ranging between 1.90 µg m-3 to 11.59 µg m-3 having mean value as 5.07 µg m-3. The contribution of BC aerosol by vehicles and industries was found to be about 50%. The diurnal trend of BC aerosol in one working day and strike days is nearly similar but the peak hour concentration of BC on a working day was nearly two folds of strike days. Further, a clear inverse relationship between BC and wind speed was also found. <#LINE#> @ @ Srivastava K.P. and Singh V.K., Impact of Air Pollution on pH of Soil of Saran., Bihar, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1), 9-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jacobson M.Z., Control of fossil fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter, possibility the most effective method of slowing global warming, J. Geophys. Res.,107D19), 4410 (2002) @No $ @ @ Penner J.E., Eddleman H. and Novakov T., Towards the development of a global inventory for black carbon emissions, Atmos. Environ., 27, 1277-1295 (1993) @No $ @ @ Cooke W.F. and Wilson J.J., NA global black carbon aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res,101D14), 19395-19409 (1996) @No $ @ @ Venkataraman C., Habib G., Eiguren-Fernandez A., Miguel A.H. and Friedlander S.K., Residential biofuels in south Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emission and climate impacts, Science,307, 1454 (2005) @No $ @ @ Menon S., Hansen J.E., Nazarenko L. and Luo Y., Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India, Science,297, 2250-2253 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ackerman A.S., Toon O.B., Stevens D.E., Heymsfield A.J., Ramanathan V. and Welton E.J., Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot, Science, 2885468), 1042-1047 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chameides W.L., Yu H., Liu S.C., Bergin M., Zhou X., Mearns L., Wang G., Kiang C.S., Saylor R.D., Luo C., Huang Y., Steiner A. and Giorgi F., Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture: an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls, Proc.  Natl. Acad.  Sci. U.S.A. 96, 13626-13633 (1999) @No $ @ @ Watson J.G., Visibility: science and regulation, J. Air and Waste Manage. Assoc., 52, 628-713 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jacobson M.Z., Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state BC in atmospheric aerosols, Nature 4096821), 695-697 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jacobson M.Z., Climate response of fossil fuel and biofuel soot, accounting for soot’s feed back to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D21201), 15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chung S.H. and Seinfeld J.H., Climate response of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic black carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 110D11102), 25 (2005) @No $ @ @ Allen G.A., Lawrence J. and Koutrakis P., Field validation of a semi continuous method for aerosol BC (aethalometer) and temporal patterns of summertime hourly BC measurements in south western PA, Atmos. Environ., 33, 817–823, (1999) @No $ @ @ Babich P.C., Davey M., Allen G.A. and Koutrakis P.,Method comparisons for particulate nitrate, elemental carbon and PM2.5 mass in seven US cities, J. Air and Waste Manage. Assoc.,5D, 1095–1105 (2000) @No $ @ @ http://www.magee.sci.com/Aethalometer book_2005.pdf(2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Availability of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers in the Conventional Tea and Coffee<#LINE#>C.@Kim,S.Y.@Kim<#LINE#>40-44<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-177.pdf<#LINE#>School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA USA @ Greater Atlanta Christian School, Norcross, GA USA<#LINE#>21/7/2012<#LINE#>25/7/2012<#LINE#>The antioxidant capacities of black coffee and two different teas such as green tea and black tea were determined using the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method. The green tea showed approximately 40% higher antioxidant capacity compared with the other two beverages, and the obtained TEAC values for green tea, black tea, and coffee were 8.79, 6.20, and 6.30 mol trolox/mL of the sample, respectively. When the teas were prepared with cold water (20C  1C), the total available antioxidant capacity reduced significantly, with TEAC values of green tea and black tea of 1.34 and 1.42 mol trolox/mL of the sample, respectively. Per individual serve, hot teas and coffee could provide approximately four- to sixfold more antioxidants compared with teas prepared with cold water. With the kinetics experimental data, the 2,2-aziono-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid) radical scavenging rate by green tea with cold water can be expressed as a pseudo-first-order reaction. The obtained pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant was 0.147 min1, indicating that the reduction rate of undesirable reactive oxygen species by green tea is significantly faster than that of other reported water-soluble vitamins. <#LINE#> @ @ Gliszcznsk-Swiglo A., Antioxidant activity of water soluble vitamins in the TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, Food Chem., 96(1), 131-136 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vanessa C. and Willamson G., A Review of the Health Effects of Green Tea Catechins in in-vivo Animal Models, J. Nutr., 134, 3431 – 3440 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cai Y., Luo Q., Sun M. and Corke H., Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of 112 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants Associated with Anticancer, Life Sci., 74, 2157–2184 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huxley R.,  Lee C.M.Y., Barzi F., Timmermeister L., Czernichow S., Perkovic V., Grobbee D.E., Batty D. and Woodward M., Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption in relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Arch. Intern. Med., 169(22), 2053 – 2063 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wootton-Beard P.C. and Ryan L., Improving Public Health?: The Role of Antioxidant-Rich Fruit and Vegetable Beverages, Rood Res. Int., 44(10), 3135–3148 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manocha N., Chandra S.K., Sharma V., Sangameswaran B. and Saluja M., Anti-Rheumatic and Antioxidant activity of extract of Stem bark of Ficus bengalensis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 2–8 (2011) @No $ @ @ The Tea Association of the USA, http://www.teausa.com/index.cfm (2012) @No $ @ @ Karori S.M., Wachira F.N., Wanyoko J.K. and Ngure R.M., Antioxidant capacity of different types of tea products, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6(19), 2287–2296 (2007) @No $ @ @ Web MD, http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/antioxidants-in-green-and-black-tea (2012) @No $ @ @ Vinson J.A., Polyphenols: Total Amounts in Foods and Beverages and US per Capita Consumption, 230th National Meeting of American Chemical Society (AGFD 10), Washington DC (2005) @No $ @ @ Harvard school of public health, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/multimedia/flash/2010/coffee/facts.html (2012) @No $ @ @ Re R., Pellegrini N., Proteggente A. Pannala A., Yang M., and Rice-Evans C., Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay, Free Radic. Biol. Med.,26(9/10), 1231 – 1237 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tea in America: Facts on Tea Drinking in the U.S., http://www.heavenoftea.com/tea-in-america/tea-in-america-facts-on-tea-drinking-in-the-us/ (2012) @No $ @ @ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1298047470064&lang=eng (2012) @No $ @ @ Dupas C.J., Marsset-Baglieri A.C., Ordonaud C.S., Ducept F.M.G. and Maillard M.N., Coffee Antioxidant Properties: Effects of Milk Addition and Processing Conditions,J. Food Sci., (71) S253–S258, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb15650.x (2006) @No $ @ @ Serafini M., Ghiselli A. and Ferro-Luzzi A., In Vivo Antioxidant Effect of Green and Black Tea in Man, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.,50(1), 28-32 (1996) @No $ @ @ Richelle M., Tavazzi I., and Offord E., Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity of Commonly Consumed Polyphenolic Beverages (Coffee, Cocoa, and Tea) Prepared per Cup Serving, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(7), 3438-3442 (2001) @No $ @ @ Niki E., Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity in vitro and in vivo,Free Radical Bio. Med., 49(4), 503-515 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abdoulaye D., Martin K., Moussa C., Léopold K., Odile N.G., Jean-Pierre A. and Adama S., Antioxidant Potentialities of 4-Acyl isochroman-1, 3-Diones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 88 – 90 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Effects of Cu and Zn Supplementation on Metal Uptake by Hibiscus sabdariffa<#LINE#>J.A.@Ondo,P.@Prudent,R.@MenyeBiyogo,M.@Domeizel,L.@Vassalo,F.@Eba<#LINE#>45-50<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-181.pdf<#LINE#>Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, 13331 Marseille, FRANCELaboratoire pluridisciplinaire des sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, B.P 17009 Libreville, GABON<#LINE#>28/7/2012<#LINE#>2/8/2012<#LINE#> Pot experiment was carried out in order to assess the addition effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on their distribution and those of other metals in plant tissues. The experiment consisted of growth Hibiscus sabdariffa, a leafy vegetable, for 30 days in a soil to which copper and zinc were added alone and in combination. At the end of the experiment roots, stems and leaves of plants were analyzed for metal uptake in tissues. The results show that the Cu and Zn contents in the plant tissues varied with their single and combined additions in soil. The Cu and Zn accumulation in plant tissues was as follows roots &#65533; stems &#65533; Leaves. An antagonist or synergic effect observed in root and stem tissues according to Cu or Zn was added in soil showed that Zn and Cu uptake in plant seemed to be controlled by the concentration of both metals in soil. Generally the Cu and Zn addition in soil had antagonistic effects with Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in root and stem tissues. In opposite, the synergic effect observed with Cr, Fe and Mn uptake in leave tissues led to the conclusion that Cu and Zn can help to have metal deficiency decrease in chain food. <#LINE#> @ @ World Health Organization Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO), Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. Geneva WHO (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S., Fadadu B. and Bhattacharya P., Heavy metal concentrations in Street and Leaf Deposited Dust in Anand city, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 61-66 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R.I. and Obi-Iyeke G.E., Tomato Leaves and Fruits in the Vicinity of Paint Industry, Nigeria, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav V., Daga K., Chandra S. and Lal M., Adsorption Studies of Zn (II) ions from Wastewater using Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 160-165 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ogbe A.O. and George G.A.L., Nutritional and Anti-nutrient Composition of Melon Husks: Potential as Feed Ingredient in Poultry Diet, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 35-39 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava S. and Dwivedi S., Effect of fly Ash Pollution on Fish Scales, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 24-28 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mane T.T. and Raskar Smita S., Management of Agriculture Waste from Market Yard Through Vermicomposting, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 289-296 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ayodele J.T. and Mohammed S.S., Zinc Speciation in Maize and Soils, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 98-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abii T.A., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gaetke L.M. and Chow C.K., Copper Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Nutrients, Toxicol.189(1-2), 147-163 (2003) @No $ @ @ Turnlund J.R., Human Whole-Body Copper Metabolism, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 67(5), 960-964 (1998) @No $ @ @ Uriu-Adams J.Y. and Keen C.L., Copper, Oxidative Stress, and Human Health, Mol. Aspects Med., 26(4-5), 268-298 (2005) @No $ @ @ Turley E., McKeown A., Bonham M. P., O’Connor J.M., Chopra M., Harvey L.J., Majsak-Newman G., Fairweather-Tait S.J., Bügel S., Sandström B., Rock E., Mazur A., Rayssiguier Y. and Strain J.J., Copper Supplementation in Humans does not affect the Susceptibility of Low Density Lipoprotein to in Vitro Induced Oxidation (FOODCUE project), Free Radical Biol. Med., 29(11), 1129-1134 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kaji M. and Nishi Y., Growth and Minerals: Zinc. Growth Genet. Horm.,22(1), 1-7 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jalbani N., Ahmed F., Kazi T.G., Rashid U., Munshi A.B. and Kandhro A., Determination of Essential Elements (Cu, Fe and Zn) in Juices of Commercially Available in Pakistan, Food Chem. Toxicol.,48(10), 2737-2740 (2010) @No $ @ @ Onianwa P.C., Adetola I.G., Iwegbue C.M.A., Ojo M.F. and Tella O.O., Trace Heavy Metals Composition of some Nigerian Beverages and Food Drinks, Food Chem., 66(3), 275–279 (1999) @No $ @ @ Abdulla M. and Suck C., Blood Levels of Copper, Iron, Zinc, and Lead in Adults in India and Pakistan and the Effect of Oral Zinc Supplementation for Six Weeks, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 61(3), 323-331 (1998) @No $ @ @ Graham R.D., Micronutrient Deficiencies in Crops and their Global Significance, In: Alloway BG (ed.), Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production, Springer, Dordrecht, 41-61 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nardi E.P., Evangelist E.S., Tormen L., Saint´Pierre T.D., Curtius A.J., de Souza S.S., Barbosa Jr F., The Use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the Determination of Toxic and Essential Elements in Different Types of Food Samples, Food Chem.,112(3), 727-732 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kabata-Pendias A., Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Taylor and Francis Group, New York 548 (2011) @No $ @ @ Graham R.D., Absorption of Copper by Plant Roots, In: Copper in Soils and Plants. Loneragan J.F., Robson A.D., Graham R.D. (eds), Academic Press, New-York, 141-163 (1981) @No $ @ @ Shi J., Yuan X., Chen X., Wu B., Huang Y. and Chen Y., Copper Uptake and Its Effect on Metal Distribution in Root Growth Zones of Commelina communis Revealed by SRXRF, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 141(1-3), 294-304 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aref F., Influence of Zinc and Boron Nutrition on Copper, Manganese and Iron Concentrations in Maize Leaf, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci.,5(7), 52-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zayed A., Lytle C.M., Qian J.H. and Terry N., Chromium Accumulation, Translocation and Chemical Speciation in Vegetable Crops, Planta,206(2), 293-299 (1998) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization (WHO), Nutrition. Micronutrient Deficiencies, Geneva, WHO (2011) @No $ @ @ van der Waals J.H. and Laker M.C., Micronutrient Deficiencies in Crops in Africa with Emphasis on Southern Africa. In: Alloway BJ (ed.) Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production. Springer, Dordrecht 201-224 (2008) @No $ @ @ Holloway R.E., Graham R.D. and Stacey S.P., Micronutrient Deficiencies in Australian Field Crops, In: Alloway B.J. (ed.) Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production, Springer, Dordrecht 63-92 (2008) @No $ @ @ Watts D.L., The Nutritional Relationships of Manganese, J. Orthomolec. Med., 5(4), 219-222 (1990) @No 
<#LINE#>Quantum Confinement effects on the Band Gap of Bi2S3 Thin Films using Chemical Bath Deposition<#LINE#>V.@Balasubramanian,N.@Suriyanarayanan,R.@Kannan<#LINE#>51-54<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2012-183.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Karumathampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Physics, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Physics, KSR College of Engineering, Tiruchengode-637215, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>1/8/2012<#LINE#>13/8/2012<#LINE#>Chemical bath deposition technique has been used to prepare Bi thin films for various applications. Optical absorption studies were carried out using UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer (Model-V-570) in the wavelength range 190 nm to 2500 nm at room temperature. Transmittance spectra of Bi3 thin films increases monotonically with the increase in wavelength; but decreases monotonically with the increase in film thickness. Optical band gap energy was decreased with increase in thickness. <#LINE#> @ @ Sotirios Baskoutas and Andreas F., Terzis, Size-dependent band gap of colloidal quantum dots, Journal of Appl. Phy., 99, 013708 (2006) @No $ @ @ Borah J.P and Sama K.C., Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of ZnS Nanostructured Thin Film, Acta Physic. Poloni., 114, 4 (2008) @No $ @ @ Balasubramanian V., Suriyanarayanan  N. and Prabahar S.,  XRD studies of chemically deposited Bi thin films, Archeives of physics research, 3(2), 88  (2012) @No $ @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V., Deshmukh Lalasaheb P. and Masumdar Elahipasha U., Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films:  Optical and Electrical Transport Properties, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Okereke N.A. and Ekpunobi A.J., XRD and UV-VIS-IR Studies of Chemically-Synthesized Copper Selenide Thin Films, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(6), 64 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S., Chalcogenide Thin Films Having Nanometer Grain Size for Photovoltaic Applications Research, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 31 (2011) @No $ @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Ingale Babasaheb D., Tingre Govind D., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V.  and Masumdar Elahipasha U., Some Studies on Chemically Deposited n-PbSe Thin Films, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(9), 37 (2011) @No $ @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V., Deshmukh Lalasaheb P., Masumdar Elahipasha U., Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films:  Optical and Electrical Transport Properties, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Narayanappa Madhusudhana, Kambalagere Yogendra and Kittappa M. Mahadevan, Photocatalytic Degradation of Violet GL2B Azo dye by using Calcium Aluminate Nanoparticle in presence of Solar light, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(5), 72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ilican S., Caglar Y. and Caglar M., Preparation and characterization of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method, Journal of Optoelectro., and adv., materi.,10(10), 2578 (2008) @No $ @ @ Killedar V.V., Katore S.N. and Bhosale C.H., Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited Bi2S3 thin lms prepared from non-aqueous media, Materi., Chemi., and Physic., 64, 166 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pandiaraman M., Soundararajan N. and Vijayan C., Effect of Thickness on the optical Band Gap of Silver Telluride Thin Films, Jour., of Ovon., Res., 7(1), 21 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mane R.S., Sankapal B.R. and Lokhande C.D., Studies on chemically deposited nanocrystalline Bi thin films, Materi. Res., Bulli, 35, 587 (2000) @No $ @ @ Edwin Pineda, Elena Nicho, Ma, Nair P.K. and Hailin Hu, Optoelectronic properties of chemically deposited Bi thin films and the photovoltaic performance of Bi/P3OT solar cells, Sol., Ene., 86, 1017 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil A.R., Patil V.N., Bhosale P.N. and Deshmukh L.P., A study of bismuth sulphoselenide thin films: growth from the solution and properties, Materi.,  Res.,  Bulli , 65, 266 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Uncatalysed Oxidation of Dextrose by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Acidic Medium-A Kinetic and  Mechanistic Study<#LINE#>ManojKumar@Ghosh,K.@RajputSurendra<#LINE#>55-60<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2012-188.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Govt. Nagarjuna P.G. College of Science, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, INDIA <#LINE#>6/8/2012<#LINE#>13/8/2012<#LINE#>A  Kinetics investigation of uncatalysed oxidation of dextrose by cerium(IV) have been studied in  acidic medium in the temperature range 303-328K. The reaction has been found to be first order with respect to dextrose in an uncatalysed reactions. The effect of [HSO] has also been observed. The increase in ionic strength of the medium decreases the rate of uncatalysed reaction. A 1:2 stoichiometry is observed in the oxidation reaction.On the basis of the experimental results, a reasonable mechanism has been proposed. Rate equation derived from this mechanism can explain all the experimental results. From the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius equation and various activation parameters have been computed.<#LINE#> @ @ Mathew B., Narayana N.V., Sreekumar and vipin, 3-Thianaphthenoyltrifluoroacetone: A new reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of cerium(IV), Microchim Acta, 144, 291 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kolitsch V. and Shwendtner K., A new chromate of tetravalent cerium, Acta.Cryst60, 89(2004) @No $ @ @ Pol P.D., Katharic C.P. and Nandibewoorb S.T., Kinetics of oxidative degradation of pantothenic acid by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchloric acid, Transition met. Chem., 27, 807 (2002) @No $ @ @ Thabaj K.A., Chimatadar S.A and Nandibewoor S.T., Mechanistic Study of Oxidation of Palladium(II) by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Acid, Transition met. Chem.,31,186(2006) @No $ @ @ Chimatadar S.A., Madawale S.V and Nandibewoor S.T., Mechanistic study of iodide catalysed oxidation of l-glutamic acid by cerium(IV) in aqueous sulphuric acid medium, Transition met. Chem., 32, 634 (2007) @No $ @ @ Day M.C. and Selbin J., Theoritical Inorganic chemistry, Reinhold Pub.Corp., New York, 226 (1964) @No $ @ @ Vogel  A.I., A text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis, Longmans, London, 3rd Edition, 348 (1961) @No $ @ @ Pottenger C.R. and Johnson D.C., Mechanism of cerium (IV) oxidation of glucose and cellulose,  Polymer Science part A-1:Polymer Chem., 8(2), 301-318 (2003) @No $ @ @ Patil R.K., Chimatadar S.A. and Nandibewoor S.T., Mechanistic study of cerium(IV) oxidation of antimony(III) in aqueous sulphuric acid in the presence of micro amounts of manganese(II) by stopped flow technique, Transition Met. Chem., 33, 625 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kharzeoua S.E. and Serebrennikou V.V., Study of Sulphato Complexes of Cerium(IV) by Infrared Absoption Spectra, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem.,12, 1601 (1967) @No $ @ @ Chinn L.J., Selection of oxidants in synthesis, oxid. at carbon atoms, Marcel Dekker, New York, (1971) @No $ @ @ Augustin R.L., Oxidation, I & II, Marcel Dekker, New York (1969) @No $ @ @ Evans W.L., Oxidation of Carbohydrate with alkaline permanganatc silver oxide, and copper acetate, Chem. Rev.,6, 281(1929) @No $ @ @ Butterworth  R.F. and Haneesian S. Sythesis,70, 121-124 (1971) @No $ @ @ Heyns K. and Paulsen H., The mechanism of carbohydrate oxidation,  Adv. Crabohydr. Chem., 17, 169-176(1962) @No $ @ @ Guthine R.D., Complex Sugars Research, Synthesis and Analysis, Adv. Crabohydr. Chem., 19, 109-116 (1962) @No $ @ @ Laidler K.J., Chemical Kinetics, McGraw Hill, New York (1965) @No $ @ @ Singh R.B. and Siddhartha S.P., Kinetic Estimation of Dextrose from the Rate Data by Pseudo-First Order Reaction, Asian J. Exp. bio. Sci., 1(1), 204-207 (2010) @No $ @ @ Muller H., Catalytic methods of analysis: Characterization, classification and methodology, Pure Appl. Chem., 67(4) 601-613 (1995) @No $ @ @ Diwya Iyengar Pushpa and Ramachandrappa R., Oxidation of Tranexamic Acid by Bromamine-T in HCl Medium Catalyzed by RuCl: A Kinetic and Mechnistic Approach, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(7), 7-15 (2012) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Effect of Dietary Vitamin A Supplement on Serum Protein of Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei<#LINE#>C.O.@Edoga,O.O.@Njoku,A.N.@Ufele,C.I.@Ebenebe<#LINE#>61-63<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2012-104.pdf<#LINE#>Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, NIGERIA Federal University of Science and Technology Owerri, Imo State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>25/4/2012<#LINE#>10/8/2012<#LINE#>The role of dietary vitamin A supplement on the serum protein of trypanosome-infected rats was studied. The rats were inoculated with trypanosomes intraperitoneally and samples were collected on fourth, eight, twelfth and sixteenth days of post infection. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. 60 parasite free-albino rats were used, which were divided into four groups. Group A (control) was left uninfected with trypanosomes, group B and C were infected with trypanosomes and treated with 50mls and 100mls of vitamin A per kg of feed respectively and group D was infected and left untreated with vitamin A. Analyses of the sera using Bradford method and cellulose acetate electrophoresis showed that vitamin A influenced the state of hypoproteinaemia in the trypanosome-infected rats. This was manifested by a positive increase in the level of total serum protein concentration, albumin and beta-globulin. Vitamin A also delayed the proliferation of the parasites associated with trypanosomiasis. <#LINE#> @ @ Morrison W.I., Murray M. and McIntyre W.I.M., Bovine trypanosomiasis, In Risstic M. and McIntyre, W.I.M. (Eds), Disease of Cattle in Tropics, The Hagne, Martinis Nijhoff Publishers, 469–497 (1981) @No $ @ @ Jackson G.J., Trypanosoma congolense: inheritance of susceptibility to infection in inbred strains of mice, Experimental Parasitology, 48, 378-383 (1979) @No $ @ @ Krampitz H.E., Beobach, tungen an experimentallan infection ostafrickascher Zebundider Mit wild Stamen Von, T. congolense, Trop. Para., 21, 1-30 (1970) @No $ @ @ Katungka-Rwakishaya E., Interaction between animal nutrition and parasites, studies with experimental trypanosomiasis in sheep, Pages 1–9, In (Lebbie, S.H. B. and Kagwini, E., Eds), Small Ruminant Research and Development in Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Nairobi Kenya (1996) @No $ @ @ Agyemang K., Dwinger R.H., Touray B.N., Jeannin P., Fofana D. and Grieve A.S., Effects of Nutrition on degree of aneamia and live weight changes in N’Dama cattle infected with trypanosomes, Livestock Production Science,26, 39–51 (1990) @No $ @ @ Little D.A., Dwinger R.H., Clifford D.J., Grieve A.S., Kora S. and Bojang M., Effect of Nutritional level and body condition on susceptibility of N’Dama cattle to T. congolense infection in the Gambia, Proceedings of the Nutrition society, 49, 209A (1990) @No $ @ @ Raza A., Khan F.K., Saced M.A. and Basir N.I., Effect of vitamin A on Growth Traits, Immuno-regulatory Organs and Immune Response in Broiler Chiken, J. Applied Ani. Res., 12, 81–88 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sijtsma R.S., West F.C., Pombout M.W.J. and Van Der Zipp J.A., The interaction between vitamin A status and Newcastle Disease virus infections in chicken, J. Nutr., 119, 932–939 (1991) @No $ @ @ Johannsen A.K.B., Jensen S.K. and Jakobsen K., A note on vitamin A activity of B-Carotene in rats, Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. J.  Ani. Sc., 48, 260-263 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bang F.B., Bang B.G. and Foard M., Acute Newcastle viral infection of the upper respiratory tract of the chicken: 2, Effect of diets deficient in vitamin A on the infection, J. Ani. Path., 78, 417–426 (1995) @No $ @ @ Benynen A.C., Sijtsma R.S., Kiepurski A.K., West C.E., Baumans V., Herck Van. H., Stafleu R.F. and Van Tintele G., Objective clinical examination of poultry as illustrated by the comparison of chicken with different vitamin A status, British J.  An. Sc., 23, 307–312 (1989) @No $ @ @ Herbert W.J. and Lumbsden W.H.R., Trypanosoma brucei, A rapid matching method for estimating the host’s parasitemia, Expt. Para., 40, 427-431 (1976) @No $ @ @ Nauss K.M., Phua C.C., Ambrodi L. and Newberne P.M., Immunological changes during progressive stages of vitamin A deficiency in the rats, J.  Nutr., 115909-918 (1985) @No
<#LINE#>Study on Molecular Interactions in Binary Mixture at Variable Frequencies Using Ultrasonic Technique<#LINE#>S.NathG.@Sahu,R.@Paikaray<#LINE#>64-66<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2012-167.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Rajdhani College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT), Burla, Odisha, INDIA @ P.G.Dept.of Physics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>4/7/2012<#LINE#>15/7/2012<#LINE#>Densities and ultrasonic speed have been measured at 303K for the binary mixture of di acetone alcohol and Chlorobenzene over entire composition range. From these isentropic compressibility (), intermolecular free length (L), acoustic impedance (Z) and their deviations namely excess  isentropic compressibility (), intermolecular free length (L), acoustic impedance(Z )have been calculated and interpreted  in terms of intermolecular interactions. Further the variations of these parameters with frequency have been discussed.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ali A. and Nain A.K., Theoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures Using Various Approaches, Indian J.Pure and Appl. Physics, 19, 41(1997) @No $ @ @ Pandey J.D., Jain P. and Vyas V., Isothermal Compressibility and Sound Velocity of Binary LiquidSystems: Application of Hard Sphere Models, Praman, J.Physics, 43, 361 (1994) @No $ @ @ Vadamalar R., Mani D., and Balakrishnam R., Ultrasonic Study of Binary Mixture of Methyl Methacrylate with Alcohols, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(9), 79-82 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S., Acoustic and Thermodynamic properties of Cholesterol in Ethanol and 1-Propanol Solution in Different Concentration at 303K, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(8), 12-17(2011) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S., and Sathish K., Molecular Interionic Interatomic Studies of Some Divalent Transition Metal Sulphates in Aqeous Ethylene Glycol at Different Temperature, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 1(8), 63-71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar Deepa, Joshi Deepa, Gupta Reeta, Kumar Yudhisther, Kumar Ashok and Jain C.L., Studies on Thermo acoustic Parameter in Binary Liquid Mixtures of MIBK with 1-Propanol and 1-Pentanol at 303.15K - A new Approach by Direct Measurement of Acoustics Impedance, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(8), 6-13(2011) @No $ @ @ Saravanakumar K. and Kubendran T.R., Density and Viscosities for the Binary Mixtures of 1, 4-Dioxane and Benzene or Chlorobenzene at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 K and a Pressure of 0.1MPa, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 2(4), 50-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., Text Book of practical organic chemistry, Third Edition (Longmans, London), (1937) @No $ @ @ Riddich I.A. and Banger W.B., Organic Solvents (Wiley - Inter-Science, New York), (1970) @No $ @ @ Weisberger A., Techniques of organic chemistry, (Interscience, New York), III, (1955) @No $ @ @ Fort R.J. and Moore W.R., Viscosities of binary liquid mixtures, Trans Faradays, Soc., 61(18), 2102 (1963) @No $ @ @ Nath G, Acharaya.S and Paikaray, Ultrasonic study of binary mixtures of acetone with Mono-Substituted    Benzene at Different Frequencies, J.Acous. Soc. of India, 34(4), 135-139 (2007) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Superconductivity in Organic Materials: A Fascinating Phenomenon<#LINE#>Athar@Mohammad,Jyoti@DasAmar<#LINE#>67-70<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-094.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Chemistry, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow-226025, INDIA @ Department of Environmental Microbiology, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow-226025, INDIA<#LINE#>17/4/2012<#LINE#>14/8/2012<#LINE#>The organic superconductivity is a very interesting phenomenon. The highly anisotropy and other intriguing properties of organic superconductor (OSC) made them distinct from other superconductors. Due to hybridization, it does not leave any unfilled spots in the conduction and valence bands of organic molecules, as a result of which they normally act as insulator and do not exhibit the property of metals. Recent studies suggest that certain organic substances might be able to display metallic characteristics. It was realized that conduction and valence bands in organic molecules can be made partially filled if planar organic molecules are combined with anions that are nonorganic. In such type of compound organic molecule behave as electron donor and nonorganic molecule serve as electron acceptor. So, there is the formation of charge transfer complex with metal like characteristics. Recently, a number of hole doped fullerenes synthesized which shows superconductivity upto higher critical temperature i.e., 117K. So, replacement of non organic superconductors by these organic one may lead to various advantages accompanied with stability and durability. Further research in this area may lead to higher and higher Tc OSC. The present article reveals the phenomenon of organic superconductivity with its background, classes and applications. <#LINE#> @ @ Jérome D., Mazaud A. and Ribault M., Superconductivity in a synthetic organic conductor (TMTSF) 2PF6 (+), J.  Physique -  LETTRES., 41, 95-98 (1980) @No $ @ @ Little W.A., Superconductivity at Room Temperature, Sci. Am..,212, 21-27 (1965) @No $ @ @ Hackl R. and Hanke W., Towards a better understanding of superconductivity at high transition temperatures, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics.,188, 3–14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gabovich A.M., Voitenko A.I. and Ausloos M., Chargeand spin-density waves in existing superconductors: competition between Cooper pairing and Peierls or excitonic instabilities, Physics Reports.,367, 583–709 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bechagaard K., Jacobsen, Mortensen C.S., Pedersen K. and Thorup N., The Properties of Five Highly Conducting Salts: (TMTSF)2X, X=PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-,BF4 and NO3-, derived from Tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF), Solid State Commun., 33, 1119-1125 (1980) @No $ @ @ Jerome D., Organic superconductivity, Physica B+C., 109(3), 1447–1460 (1982) @No $ @ @ Ersan Demiralp and William A. Goddard., Vibrational Analysis and Isotope Shifts of BEDT-TTF Donor for Organic Superconductors., J. Phys. Chem. A., 1022466-2471 (1998) @No $ @ @ Senthil Kumar A.P., Karthikeyan P., Prabhu Raja V., Ramu M., Somasundharam S. and Vasudevan V., Empirical Correlation of Various Inclusions on the Effect of Primary and Secondary Parameters for Estimation of Effective Thermal Conductivity (ETC) of Two Phase Materials, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(1), 22-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Williams J.M., Ferraro J.R., Thorn R.J., Corlson K.D., Geiser U., Wang H.H., Kini A.M. and Whangbo M.H., Organic Superconductors (including Fullerenes); Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (1992) @No $ @ @ Shukur Majid M., Kadhim F. Al-Sultani and Hassan MohammedN.,Preparation of Alkali Lead Glass and Glass – Ceramic Compositions as Electrical Insulators, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(2)28-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Szasz A., Fullerene superconductivity by short-range order instability, Journal Of Superconductivity, 6(2),  99-106 (1993) @No $ @ @ Anju S.G., Jyothi K.P., Sindhu Joseph, Suguna Y. and Yesodharan E.P., Ultrasound assisted semiconductor mediated catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water: Comparative efficacy of ZnO, TiO2 and ZnO-TiO2, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 191-201 (2012) @No $ @ @ Senthil Kumar A.P., Karthikeyan P., Selvakumar B. Jagadheeshwaran M., Dinesh J. and Kandasamy, Influence of Density and Concentration on Effective Thermal Conductivity of two Phase Materials using Square Guarded hot plate Apparatus S.,  Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(8), 42-47 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Microalgal Biodiesel -A Comprehensive Review on the Potential and Alternative Biofuel<#LINE#>D.@Surendhiran,M.@Vijay<#LINE#>71-82<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-170.pdf<#LINE#> Bioelectrochemical Laboratory, Dept. of Chemical Engg., Faculty of Engg. and Technology, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#>15/7/2012<#LINE#>Sustainable and renewable energy resources are highly essential to replace the vanishing petroleum fossil fuels. Biofuels play a vital role in mitigating CO emission, reducing global warming and bringing down the hike in oil prices. Biodiesel has become a recent attraction since it is biodegradable, renewable and non toxic. The objective of the paper is to study the potential of microalgae as an alternative raw material for biodiesel generation. Microalga has been chosen as a biodiesel producer due to high mass productivity and faster lipid production. Production of biodiesel from microalgae could be a greater alternative to oil crops due to economical instability, jeopardizing agricultural lands and insufficient oil crops. This review article focusses on the technical improvements in cultivation of different microalgal species, lipid content in various algal species, modes and efficiency of harvesting and transesterification methods. This paper thus serves the researchers to further enhance the production and commercialization of biodiesel.  <#LINE#> @ @ Dhanalakshmi Sridevi V. and Ramanujam R.A. Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester: An Analytical Approach, Res.J.Recent Sci., , 41-47 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak C., Mandalia H.C. and Rupala Y.M. Biofuels: Indian Energy Scenario, Res.J.Recent Sci. , 88-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Campbell M.N., Biodiesel: Algae as a Renewable Source for Liquid Fuel, Fuel Engineering Journal, , 2-7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lee D.H., Algal biodiesel economy and competition among bio-fuels, Bioresource Technology, 102, 43-49 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bisen P.S., Sanodiya, B.S., Thakur G.S., Baghel R.K. and Prasad G.B.K.S., Biodiesel production with special emphasis on lipase-catalyzed transesterification, Biotechnol. Lett., 32, 1019-1030 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bajhaiya A.K., Mandotra S.K., Suseela M.R., Toppa K. and Ranade S., Algal Biodiesel: the next generation biofuel for India: Review Article, Asian J. Exp.Biol.Sci., 1, 728-739 (2010) @No $ @ @ Subramaniam R., Dufreche S., Zappi M. and Bajpai R., Microbial lipids from renewable resources: production and characterization,J. Ind. Microbial Biotechnol., 37,1271-1287(2010) @No $ @ @ Kozlovska J., Valancius K. and Petraitis E. Sapropel use as a Biofuel Feasibility Studies, Res.J.Chem.Sci., , 29-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pizarro C.S., Mulbry W., Blersch D. and Kangas P., An economic assessment of algal turf scrubber technology for treatment of dairy manure efuent, Ecological Engineering, 26, 321–327 (2006) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Progress and recent trends in biofuels, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33, 1–18 (2007) @No $ @ @ Keera S.T., El Sabagh S.M. and Taman A.R., Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel fuel using alkaline catalyst, Fuel, 90, 42-47 (2011) @No $ @ @ Xiong W., Li X., Xiang J. and Wu Q., High-density fermentation of microalgae Chlorella protothecoides in bioreactor for microbio-diesel production, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 78, 29-36 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ghaley A.E., Dave D., Brooks M.S. and Budge S., Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: Review, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,  6, 54-76 (2010) @No $ @ @ Miao X. and Wu Q., Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil, Bioresource Technology, 97, 841-846 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mulbry W., Kondrad S., Buyer J. and Luthria D.L., Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from Treatment of Manure Effluent, J. Am Oil Chem Soc., 86, 909-915 (2009) @No $ @ @ Usta N., Use of tobacco seed oil methyl esters in turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 77-86 (2005) @No $ @ @ Canoira L., Alcantara R., Garcia-Martinez J. and Carrasco J., Biodiesel from Jatropha oil wax: transesterification with methanol and properties as a fuel, Biomass Bioenergy, 30, 76-81 (2006) @No $ @ @ Brask J., Damstrup M.L., Nielson P.M., Holm H.C., Maes J. and De Greyt W., Combining Enzymatic Esterification with Conventional Alkaline Transesterification in an Integrated Biodiesel Process, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 163, 918-927 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharif Hossain A.B.M., Salleh A., Boyce A.N., Chowdhury P. and Naqiuddin M.,  Biodiesel Fuel Production from Algae as Renewable Energy, Am. J. 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