@Research Paper <#LINE#>Characteristics of a Typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil Seeds for Biodiesel Production<#LINE#>Umaru@Musa,Folorusho@Aberuagba<#LINE#>7-12<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-060.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>9/3/2012<#LINE#>13/4/2012<#LINE#> The cost of biodiesel production is the major hurdle towards its commercialization. Biodiesel production is considered to be economically viable only if price compete favorably with petroleum diesel. But biodiesel from edible oil may be too expensive and bring about food crisis. One viable way of ensuring commercial availability of biodiesel is to use less expensive inedible plant oil. This paper presents the result of characterization of typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. The Jatropha curcas oil was extracted at 70 C using n-hexane as solvent and at a particle size of 0.7 mm. The resultant oil was analyzed for its physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value and percentage free fatty acid. The fatty acid composition was revealed using a gas chromatography. It was found that the oleic and linoliec were the principal fatty acids, while the saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid and stearic acid. The oil low peroxide value and high iodine value is a strong indication of its stability to oxidation. The oil yield was high and its exhibit excellent properties that make it an exciting proposition as the most economically viable feedstock for biodiesel production in Nigeria. <#LINE#> @ @ Alamu O.J., Waheed M.A., Jekayinfa S.O. and Akintola T.A., Optimal Transesterification Duration for Biodiesel Production from Nigerian Palm Kernel Oil, Agric Engg Int: the CIGR E journal, Manuscript EE 07 018., 9, 1-11 (2007) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils via Transesterification in Supercritical Methanol, Energy Conversion and Management, 43, 2349-56 (2002) @No $ @ @ Linus N. Okoro, Fadila I. Sambo, Mukthar Lawal and Clifford Nwaeburu, Thermodynamic and Viscometric Evaluation of Biodiesel and Blends from Olive Oil and Cashew Nut Oil, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(4), 90-97 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bugaje I.M and Mohammed I.A., Biofuel Production Technology, Sci. and Tech. Forum (STF) Zaria, Nigeria 1stEdition, 25-200 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chinmoy Baroi, Ernest K. Yanful and Maurice A. Bergougnou, Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil using potassium carbonate as an unsupported catalyst, Int. J. of Chem. Reaction Engg.,7(72), 1-20 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhang Y., Dube M.A., Mclean D.D. and Kates M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Bioresource Technology,90, 22252240 (2003) @No $ @ @ Veljkovic V.B., Lakicevic S.H., Stamenkovic O.S., Todorovic Z.B. and Lazic K.L., Biodiesel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids, Fuel, 85, 26712675 (2006) @No $ @ @ Openshaw Keith, A review of Jatropha curcas: an oil plant of unfulfilled promise, Biomass and Bioenergy, 19, 1-15 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bugaje I.M. and Mohammed I.A., Biofuel Production Technology, Sci. & Tech. Forum (STF) Zaria, Nigeria 1stEdition, 25-200 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ramesh D., Samapathrajan A. and Venkatachalam P., Production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil by using pilot plant Retrived from www.bioenergy.org.nz/documents/liquid(2004) @No $ @ @ Tewari D.N., Jatropha and biodiesel, Ocean book ltd New Delhi (2007) @No $ @ @ Belewu M.A, Adekola F.A., Adebayo G.B., Ameen O.M.,Muhammad N.O., Olaniyan A.M., Adekola O.F. and Musa A.K., Physico-Chemical characteristic of oil and biodiesel from Nigerian and Indian, Jatropha curcas seeds, Int. J of Bio and Chem. Sci., 4(2), 524-529 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lozano JAD Jatropha project Mexico Retrieved from http://cdm.nnfcc.int/call on 12th August, (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh S.P. and Singh D., Biodiesel production through the use different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of biodiesel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12, 200-16 (2010) @No $ @ @ Maricela Rodriguez Acosta, Jesus Santival Ramirez, Reyna Zeferino Diaz Extraction and characterization of oils from three Mexican Jatropha Species, J.Mexican Chem. Soc. 54(2), 88 91 (2010) @No $ @ @ Emil Akbar, Zahira Yaakob, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Manal Ismail and Jumat Salimon, Characteristic and Composition of Jatropha Curcas Oil Seed from Malaysia and its Potential as Biodiesel Feedstock, Eur. J of Scientific Res.,29), 396-403 (2009) @No $ @ @ Antony Raja S., Robinson smart D.S. and C. Lindon Robert Lee, Biodiesel Production from Jatropha oil and its Characterization,Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 8187 (2011) @No $ @ @ Azam M.M, Waris A. and Nabar N.M., Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India, Biomass and Bioenergy, 29, 293302 (2005) @No $ @ @ Fellows P. Traditional Foods; Processing for profit. Intermediate Technology publication, London (1997) @No $ @ @ Ma F., Clement L.D. and Hanna M.A., The effects of catalyst, free fatty acid and water on transesterification of beef tallow, T A S A E,41, 12611264 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tint T.K. and Mya M., Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) in Pilot Plant, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 477480 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jefferson S. de Olivera, Polyanna M. Leite., Lincoln B. de Souza, Vinicius M. Mello, Eid C. Silva, Joel C. Rubim, Simoni M.P. Meneghethi, Paulo A.Z Suarez. Characteristics and composition of Jatropha gossypiifoliaand Jatropha curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel production, Biomass and Bioenergy,33, 449453 (2009) @No $ @ @ Linus N. Okoro, Sedoo V. Belaboh, Nwamaka R. Edoye, Bello Y. Makama . Synthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blends,Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(3), 49-57 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aboderin Toluwalase, Extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas seeds- Optimization and Characterization, B.eng Thesis, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State (2010) @No $ @ @ Olaniyan A.M. and Oje K., Quality Characteristic of Shea butter recovered from Shea kernel through dry extraction process, Journal of Food Science Technology,44(4), 404407 (2007) @No $ @ @ Adeyinka M., Eze J., Kadri F., Nwangwu I. and Adepegba N., A Review of biodiesel as Renewable Energy, Energy systems & Sustainability, 1, 1119(2011) @No $ @ @ Nzikou J.M.A., Kinbongiula A., Matos L., Loumouamono B., N.P.G. Pambou Tobi, Ndangui C.B., Abena A.A., Th Silou J., Scher and S. Desobry, Extraction and Characteristic of seed kernel oil from Mango (Magnifera Indica), Res. J. of Environ. and Earth Sci., 2(1), 31-35 (2009) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pyrde E.H., Mounts T.L., Variables affecting yields of fatty esters from Transesterified vegetable oils, J A OCS 61, 16381643 (1984) @No $ @ @ Achten W.M.J., Verchof L., Franken T.J., Mathius T., Sigh V.P. and Aert R., Biodiesel Production & use Biomass & Bioenergy, 33,10031084 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gunstone F.D., Rapeseed and Canola Oil: Production, Processing, properties and uses London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2004) @No <#LINE#>Evaluation of Effect of Different Concentrations of Shale on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Mud<#LINE#>O.F.@Joel,U.J.@Durueke,B.S.@Kinigoma,C.U.@Nwokoye<#LINE#>13-19<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-079.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, NIGERIA @ POCEMAConsultants, Plot 6 Azunda Wobo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>27/3/2012<#LINE#>22/5/2012<#LINE#>Wellbore instability encountered while drilling shale formations is a worldwide problem. Despite much experience and considerable research, drilling and completion operations continue to be plagued by various hole problems attributed directly to shale formations. This results in substantial yearly expenditure for the drilling industry. There is utmost need to evaluate the concentration of shale contamination on mud that could result to these associated well instability problems. This study therefore was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of shale on the rheological properties of water- based mud(WBM). This was done by contaminating 8.5PPG WBM with 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 7.0% and 10.0% respectively of typical shale sample from the Nigerelta egion of Nigeria. The rheological values were determined using viscometer and the Plastic viscosity evaluated as applicable. Test results indicated that the rheological values increased showing a spike as the shale concentration increased. The increase in rheological values were 9.5%, 42.9%, 52.4%, 66.7% and 114.3% respectively for the various contaminations as indicated above. To avoid non-productive time resulting from hole instability problems caused by shale, when drilling is expected to encounter shale zones, proper design of the drilling fluids that will inhibit shale swelling as well as prudent step to avoid mud contamination by shale is imperative. <#LINE#> @ @ Chenevert M.E., Shale Alteration by Water Adsorption, Journal of Petroleum Technology(1970) @No $ @ @ O'Brien D.E. and Chenevert M.E., Stabilizing sensitive shales with inhibited, potassium-based drilling fluids, J. Petrol. Tech., 1089-1100 (1973) @No $ @ @ AL-Bazali T.M., Zhang J., Chenevert M. E. and Sharma M., A rapid rigsite-deployable electrochemical test for evaluating the membrane potential of shales, Presented at the 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, SPE 96098 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chenevert M.E. and Pernot V., Control of Shale Swelling Pressures Using Inhibitive Water Based Muds, SPE 49263 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 27-30 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chenevert M.E. and Osisanya S.O., Shale Swelling at Elevated Temperature and Pressure, presented at the 33rd Symposium in Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 8-10 (1992) @No $ @ @ Zhang J., The Impact of Shale Properties on Wellbore Stability, University of Texas at Austin, (2005) @No $ @ @ Osisanya S.O., Experimental Studies Of Wellbore Stability in Shale Formations, Ph.D dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, August (1991) @No $ @ @ Mody F.K. and Hale A.H., A Borehole Stability Model to Couple the Mechanics and Chemistry of Drilling Fluid Shale Interaction, SPE/IADC 25728, presented at the 1993 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference held in Amsterdam 23-25 February (1993) @No $ @ @ Osisanya S.O. and Chenevert M.E., Shale Characterization for Evaluating Shale-Drilling Fluid Interaction, The University of Oklahoma (1996) @No $ @ @ Van Oort E., Hole A.H., Mody F.K. and Roy S., Transport in shales and the design of improved water-based shale drilling fluids, SPE Drilling and Completion, SPE 28309, 137-146 (1996) @No $ @ @ Joel O.F. and Nwokoye C.U.,Performance Evaluation of local Bentonite with imported grade for utilization in oil field Operations in Nigeria, proceedings, 36th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition, in Lagos, Nigeria, August 6-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Reddy V., Venkateswara, Gnaneswar Kontham, Ramana Nelluru Venkataand Sashidhar Chundupalli, Effect of Potassium Chloride (KCl) on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 103-107 (2011) @No $ @ @ Joel O.F. and Ademiluyi F.T., Modeling of Compressive Strength of Cement Slurry at Different Slurry Weights and Temperatures, Res.J.Chem.SC, 1(2), 127-133 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Adaptation of Pyrolytic Conduit of Polyester Cotton Blended Fabric with Flame Retardant Chemical Concentrations<#LINE#>K.S.@Muralidhara,S.@Sreenivasan<#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-103.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratories, Textiles Committee, Govt of India, Mumbai, INDIA @ CIRCOT, Matunga, Mumbai, INDIA<#LINE#>25/4/2012<#LINE#>1/5/2012<#LINE#> Thermal degradation of polyester cotton blended fabric material was analysed after addition of phosphorous based flame retardant chemical at different concentration levels viz., 50GPL, 150GPL, 250GPL, 300GPL and 350GPL. The thermogravimetric curve of control sample showed two steps of degradations with two major onset points. A step wise and progressive budging in thermal degradation kinetics with increase in concentration level was observed for this material. The thermal degradation onset point was progressively shoved to lower temperature with increase in chemical concentration. Two step mass loss observed in control sample was modified to be in three steps in treated samples. The mass loss curve progressively became flat with increasing chemical concentration in the sample. As a result of chemical application, an additional endotherm was emerged near 200C. The depth of this endotherm increased with increasing chemical concentration. Mass loss was also analysed in three different temperature intervals. The mass loss in first and third temperature interval increased from 9% (control) to 24% (350GPL) and 11% (control) to 39% (350GPL) respectively as the concentration increased. Also, the mass loss decreased from 70.9 % in control to 35 % for 350GPL treatment implying that the less amount of mass was decomposed due to non accessibility of free oxygen. There observed a drastic decrease in exotherm energy with minor shifting in peak point after the treatment. The activation energy was observed to be progressively decreasing from 267.6kJ/mole for control to 140.3 kJ/mole for sample of 350GPL treatment.<#LINE#> @ @ Hendrix J.E., Drake G.L. and Barker R.H., Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose, III. Mechanistic Bases for the Synergism involving organic Phosphate and Nitrogenous Bases, J. of Appl. Polymer Sci.,64, 257 (1972) @No $ @ @ Hendrix J.E., Anderson T.K., Clayton T.J., Olson E.S. and Barker R.H., Flammability Measurement and Thermal Decomposition of Textiles, Flammability of Fabrics, Flame and Flammability series, Edited by Hilado C.J., Technomic Publishing Co. Inc, , 4173 (1974) @No $ @ @ Barker R.H., H.B.S. Special Publication 411, Proceedings of Symposium held at NBS, Gaithersburg, Md. (1973) @No $ @ @ Tian C.M., Xie J.X., Guo H.Z. and Xu J.Z., The effect of metal ions on thermal oxidative decgradation of cotton cellulose ammonium phosphate, J Therm Anal Cal, 73, 827834 (2003) @No $ @ @ Montaudo G., Puglisi C. and Samperi F., Primery Thermal Degradation Mechanism of PET and PBT, Polymer degradation stability, 42, 1328 (1993) @No $ @ @ Hossein Najafi, Improvement of Burning Propetores on the Cottn/Polyester/Lacra Blend Fabric with Nano Silicone Material in Nano Silicone, World Applied Sciences J., 6(11), 1532 1539 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hendrix J.E. and Robert H. Barker, Flammability and Flame Retardation of Cotton Polyester Blend, @No $ @ @ Shukla L. and Arya P., Flame Retardant based on Poly (Flourophosphanzene) and organo brominated compound for the polyester/cotton shirting, Textile Dyer and Printer, 35/5, 1618 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kubakawa H., Takahashi K., Nagatini S. and Hatakeyama T., Thermal Decomposition behavior of Polyester/Cotton blended fabric treated with Flame Retardants, (Japanese) World Textile Abstract, 5517, 298305 (1999) @No $ @ @ Drake G.L. (Jr), Flame Retardant for Textiles in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, 10, (1980) @No $ @ @ Weil E.D., Recent developments in Phosphorous based Flame retardants, Proc 3rd Beijing Sym, Flame Retardants and Flame Retardant matter, Beijing, 17783 (1999) @No $ @ @ Leonard E. and Godfrey A., Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Studies of Flame-Retardant Rayon Fibers, Textile Research Journal, 40(2), 116-126 (1970) @No $ @ @ Anderson D.A. and Freeman E.S., The kinetics of the thermal degradation of Polysterene and Polyethylene [J], J. of Polymer Sci., 54, 253261 (1961) @No $ @ @ Kaur B., Gur I.S. and Bhatnagar H.L., Thermal Degradation Studies of Cellulose Phosphates and Cellulose Thiosulphates, Angew. Makromol. Chem, 147, 157183, (1987) @No $ @ @ Broido A., A simple, sensitive graphical method of treating thermogravimetric analysis data: Part A - 2 [J], J. Polym Sci, 7, 1761-1773 (1969) @No $ @ @ Levchik S.V., Camino G., Costa L. and Levchik G.F., Mechanism of action of Phosphorous based flame retardant in Nylon 6, I. Ammonium Polyphosphate, Fire Mat, 19, 1 10 (1995) @No $ @ @ Dahiya J.B. and Krishnakumar, Flame Retardant Study of Cotton coated with Intumescents Kinetics and effect of Metal ions, J. Sci & Ind Res.,68, 548554 (2009) @No <#LINE#>Development of A Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Efficient Diastereomeric Separation and Quantification of Cypermethrin, Resmethrin and Permethrin<#LINE#>S.@AlbaseerSaeed<#LINE#>26-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-114.pdf<#LINE#> Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>7/5/2012<#LINE#>14/5/2012<#LINE#> An efficient and simple reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for diastereomeric separation and quantification of cypermethrin, resmethrin, and permethrin has been developed. Separation was performed on Phenomenex Luna C18, (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 m; end capped column). Satisfactory separation of diastereomers was obtained for the three pyrethroids studied. Good reproducibility of retention time and peak area were achieved. Detection was performed with UV diode array detector (UV-DAD) at a wavelength of 220 nm. Most peaks were base-separated with Rs values ranged from 1.6 to 4.5 for most peaks. The optimum mobile phase was composed of a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and water with a mixing ratio of 1:3:1, respectively. The regression coefficients (R) were 0.9991, 0.9951 and 0.9964 with relative standard deviations (RSD%) of 1.95, 2.89 and 1.87, for cypermethrin (CYP), resmethrin (RES) and permethrin (PER), respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Sharma D.K. and Ansari B.A., Effect of Deltamethrin and a Neem Based Pesticide Achook on Some Biochemical Parameters in Tissues Liver, Ovary and Muscle of Zebrafish Danio rerio (Cyprinidae), Res. J. Chem. 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Sci., 9(2), 112116 (1978) @No $ @ @ Leicht W., Fuchs R. and Londershausen M., Stability and biological activity of cyfluthrin isomers, Pest. Sci., 48(4),325332 (1996) @No $ @ @ Buser H.R. and Muller M.D., Enantioselective determination of chlordane components, metabolites, and photoconversion products in environmental samples using chiral high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27(6), 12111220 (1993) @No $ @ @ Muller M.D. and Buser H.R., Environmental behavior of acetamide pesticide stereoisomers, 2. Stereo- and enantioselective degradation in sewage sludge and soil, Environ. Sci. Technol.,29(8), 20312037 (1995) @No $ @ @ Falconer R.L., Bidleman T.F., Gregor D.J., Semkin R. and Teixeira C., Enantioselective breakdown of alpha.-Hexachlorocyclohexane in a small arctic lake and its watershed, Environ. Sci. 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Sci., 1(4), 6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. INDIA, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Samuel O. and St-Laurent L., Preliminary notice concerning the selection of an adulticide for the control of mosquitoes to prevent the transmission of west Nile virus in Quebec and Lsewhere in Canada, Centre Dexpertise En Toxicologie Humaine Institut National De Sant Publique Du Qubec, August 30, (2000) @No $ @ @ DiNapoli J.B., Austin R.D., Englender S.J., Gomez M.P. and Barrett J.F., Eradication of head lice with a single treatment, Am. J. Public Health, 78(8), 978-980 (1988) @No $ @ @ The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology, technical report/EMEA/MRL/112/96-Final, March, (1998) @No $ @ @ Canadian Water Quality Guidelines: Permethrin, scientific supporting document. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, (2006), (available in: www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/permethrin_ssd_1.0_e.pdf) @No $ @ @ Liu W. and Gan J.J., Separation and analysis of diastereomers and enantiomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrinby gas chromatography, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(4), 755761 (2004) @No $ @ @ Naumann K., In: Haug G. and Hoffmann H. (Eds.), Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, structures and properties, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 6480 (1990) @No $ @ @ Casida J.E., Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides, Environ. Health Persp., (34), 189202 (1980) @No $ @ @ 28.Snyder L.R. and Kirkland J.J., Practical HPLC method development, 2nd Ed., John wiley & Sons Inc., USA, 22, (1997) @No $ @ @ Keunchkarian S., Reta M., Romero L. and Castells C., Effect of sample solvent on the chromatographic peak shape of analytes eluted under reversed-phase liquid chromatogaphic conditions, J. Chromatogr. A, 1119(30),2028 (2006) @No <#LINE#>Adsorption Studies of Fluoride on Multani Matti and Red Soil<#LINE#>N.@Gandhi,D.@Sirisha,Smita@Asthana,A.@Manjusha<#LINE#>32-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-126.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Environment and Climate Change, School of Environmental Sciences, JNIAS, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA @ St. Anns College for Women, Mehedipatnam, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA @ Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyalayam, Thirupathi, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>23/5/2012<#LINE#>2nd/6/2012<#LINE#> The present study deals with the adsorption of fluoride by multani matti and red soil. These two materials are fuller earths which are used to remove stains and non washable materials. Taking that factor into consideration, batch adsorption studies are carried for removal of fluoride from water. It is found that percentage removal increased with contact time and adsorbent dosage. The optimum contact time for multani matti and red soil is within 15 minutes. The percentage removal of fluoride decreased with increased in concentration. Langmuir and freundlich adsorption isotherms are followed. Pseudo second order kinetics and Elovich models explained the phenomena of adsorption. <#LINE#> @ @ John D.J., Water treatment, Handbook of Drinking Water Quality Standards and Controls, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 407490 (2008) @No $ @ @ Culp R. and Stolenberg H., Fluoride reduction at La Cross, Kan, J. AWWA,50(3), 423431 (1958) @No $ @ @ Parker C.L. and Fong C.C., Fluoride removal technology and cost estimates, Ind. Wastes, 2325 (1975) @No $ @ @ Potgeiter J.H., An experimental assessment of the efficiency of different defluoridation methods, Chem. SA, 317318 (1990) @No $ @ @ Nawalakhe W.G., Kulkarni D.N., Pathak B.N. and Bulusu K.R., Defluoridation of water with alum, Ind. J. Environ. Health,16(1),(1974) @No $ @ @ Technical Digest, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, NEERI Manual (1978) @No $ @ @ Mortland M.M., Shaobai S. and Boyd S.A., Clay organic complexes as adsorbents for phenol and chlorophenols, Clays Clay miner., 34, 581-585 (1986) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G. Veeraputhiran V. and Rajan M., Comments on Fluoride removal from water using activated and MnO2-coated Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica) shell: Batch and column Studies, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, 956-957 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S., Zur theorie Der Sogennten Adsorption Geloster Stoffe, Hand linger., 24, 1-39 (1898) @No $ @ @ Low K.S., Lee C.K. and Ng A.Y., Column study on the adsorption of Cr (VI) using Quanternised rice Hulls, Bioresou. Technol., 65, 205-208 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chien S.H. and Clayton W.R., Application of Elovich Equation to the kinetics of phosphate release and sorption on soils, Soil sci.soc.Am.J., 44, 265-268 (1980) @No $ @ @ Voudrias K. Fytianos and Bozani, Global Nest,4(2), 75-83 (2002) @No $ @ @ Arnesen A.K.M., Abrahamsen G., Sandvik G. and Krogstad T., Aluminium-smelters and fluoride pollution of soil and soil solution in Norway, Science of the Total Environment, 163, 3953 (1995) @No $ @ @ Cheung W.H., Szeto Y.S. and McKay G., Intraparticle diffusion processes during acid dye adsorption onto chitosan, BioresourceTechnology, 98, 28972904 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sujana M.G., Pradhan H.K. and Anand S., Studies on sorption of some geomaterials for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 120125(2009) @No $ @ @ Zhu C.S., Bai G.L., Liu X.L. and Li Y., Screening high-fluoride and high-arsenic drinking waters and surveying endemic fluorosis and arsenic in Shaanxi province in western China, Water Research, 40, 3015 3022 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S., Selection of optimum sorption isotherm, Carbon, 42, 21132130 (2004) @No $ @ @ WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva (2008) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S. and Mcay G., Study of the Sorption of Divalent metal ion to peat, Adsorption. Sci. Technol., 18, 639-650 (2000) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu, G. and Rajan M., Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of fluoride onto zirconium impregnated cashew nut shell carbon, Chemical Engineering Journal, 158, 451457(2010) @No $ @ @ Rojit, Anirudihan, G. water Research,32(12), 3772-3780(1998) @No $ @ @ Sumanjit and Prasad N., Adsorption of leads on rice husk ash, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 40A, 388-391 (2001) @No $ @ @ Stephen Inbaraj and Sulochana N., Basic lead Adsorption on a low cost carbonaceous Sorbent kinetic and equilibrium studies, Indian journal of chemical technology, 9, 201-208 (2002) @No $ @ @ Alagumuthu G. and Rajan M., Kinetic and equilibrium studies on fluoride removal by zirconium (IV) impregnated ground nutshell carbon, Hemijska industrija, 64(4), 295304 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nuhoglu Y. and Oguz, Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by biosorption on the cone biomass of Thuja orientalis, process Biochem., 38, 1627-1631 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K., Jain C.K., Ali I., Sharma M. and Saini V.K., Removal of cadmium and nickel from waste water using bagasse fly ash- a sugar industry waste, water Res.,37, 4038-4044 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chitin G., Annadurai M., Chellapandian and Krishnan M.G.V., Environmental; monitoring and assessment, 59(1), (1999) @No $ @ @ Goel Jyotsna, Kadrivelu K., Rajgopal Chitra, Garg Vinod Kumar, Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 80(4), 469-476 (2005) @No $ @ @ Capsule report, Environmental protection agency (1997) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhise R.M., Patil A.A., Raskar A.R., Patil P.J. and Deshpande D.P., Removal of Colour of Spent Wash by Activated Charcoal Adsorption and Electrocoagulation, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(6), 66-69 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Effect of Filter Backwash Water when blends with Raw Water on Total Organic Carbon and Dissolve Organic Carbon Removal<#LINE#>Suman@Sagar,N.P.@Singh,Sulekh@Chandra<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-131.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, C.C.S. University, Meerut, UP, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Zakir Hussain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>28/5/2012<#LINE#>2/6/2012<#LINE#> Clogging of sand-granular-gravel media filters due to increased passage of particles and microorganism is a common problem of the water treatment plants (WTP). To prevent from this problem, there is need of back washing and this results loss of water. In most of the drinking WTP filter backwash water (FBWW) and clarified sludge water (CSW) are generated. Reuse of FBWW is of great interest. Recycling of FBWW and its suitable treatment is possible in order to provide guarantee of water quality. Experiments were performed with RW and FBWW from full scale surface water Bhagirathi water treatment plant (BWTP). Impact of removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolve organic carbon (DOC) was examined by blending of FBWW 5, 7 and 10% respectively with RW. Significantly higher removal of TOC and DOC was showed by 7% blending of FBWW with RW as compared to RW. Jar test results indicated that the improvements in RW quality could be achieved by recycling of FBWW with RW. Other parameters such as turbidity, colour, total aluminum, total iron, and total suspended solids were recorded for RW, FBWW and blends of both and found significant differences. <#LINE#> @ @ ASCE and AWWA technology transfer handbook: management of water treatment plant residuals, American Society of Civil Engineers and American Water Works Association (1996) @No $ @ @ Baroniya Mamta, Baroniya Sanjay Singh and Jain Monica, Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant at BNP Campus Dewas, India: A Case Study, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 83-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Edzwald J.K. and Tobiason J.E., Enhanced coagulation: US requirements and a broader view, Water Science and Technology, 40(9), 6370 (1999) @No $ @ @ Pernitsky D.J. and Edzwald J.K., Practical paper: selection of alum and poly aluminum coagulants: principles and applications, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology AQUA55(2), 121141 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vigneswaran S., Boonthanon S. and Prasanthi H., FBWW water recycling using cross flow microfiltration, Desalination, 106, 3138 (1996) @No $ @ @ Taylor J.S., Norris C.D. and Mulford L.A., Recovery of backwash waters by size exclusion membrane filtration. Proceedings of the AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, J Am Water Works Assoc, Denver, USA (2000) @No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D. Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, ISCAResearch Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Arora H., Giovanni G.D. and Lechevallier M., Spent FBWW water: Contaminants and treatment strategies, J Am Water Works Assoc, 93(5), 100112 (2001) @No $ @ @ Edzwald J.K., Tobiason J.E., Udden C.T., Kaminski G.S., Dunn H.J., Gallant P.B. and Kelley M.B., Evaluation of the effect of recycle of waste FBWW water on plant removals of Cryptosporidium, J Water Supply: Research Technology-AQUA, 52(4), 243258 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tobiason J.E., Edzwald J.K., Gilani V., Kaminski G.S., Dunn H.J. and Gallant P.B., Effects of waste FBWW recycle operation on clarification and filtration, J Water Supply: Research Technology-AQUA, 52(4), 259275 (2003a) @No $ @ @ Tobiason J.E., Edzwald J.K., Levesque B.R., Kaminski G.K., Dunn H.J. and Gallant P.B., Full-scale assessment of waste FBWW recycles, J Am Water Works Assoc, 95(7),8093 (2003b) @No $ @ @ Edzwald J.K., Tobiason J.E., Kelley M.B., Dunn H.J., Gallant P.B. and Kaminski G.S., Impacts of FBWW Recycle on Clarification and Filtration, J Am Water Works Assoc Research Foundation, Denver, CO (2001) @No $ @ @ Tobiason J.E., Edzwald J.K., Levesque B.R., Kaminski G.K., Dunn H.J. and Gallant P.B., Full-scale assessments of waste FBWW recycle, J Am Water Works Assoc, 95(7), 8093 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cornwell D., MacPhee M., McTigue N., Arora H., Di Giovanni G., LeChevallier M., Taylor J., Treatment Options for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Other Contaminants in Recycled Backwash Water, Am Water Works Research Foundation, Denver, CO (2001) @No $ @ @ Bourgeois J.C., Evaluation of treatment and recycling strategies for combined FBWW water, M.Sc. thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (2003) @No $ @ @ Gottfried A., Shepard A. D. and Walsh M. E., Impact of recycling filter backwash water on organic removal in coagulation-sedimentation processes, J Water research,42,4683-4691 (2008) @No $ @ @ Environmental protection Agency, National Primary drinking water filter back bash Recycling rule, 66, 111 (2006) @No $ @ @ APHA-AWWA-WPCA standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (2002) @No <#LINE#>Growth and Dielectric Properties of SnSe0.5Te0.5 Crystals<#LINE#>G.K.@Solanki,K.D.@Patel,N.N.@Gosai,B.@PatelRahul<#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-133.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, INDIA @ Faculty of Technology, Marwadi Education Foundations Group of Institutions Rajkot, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>28/5/2012<#LINE#>31/5/2012<#LINE#> The present paper reports the growth of SnSe0.5Te0.5 single crystals by direct vapor transport technique (DVT) using two zone horizontal furnace. Detailed growth parameters for these crystals are reported here like temperature profile, ampoules dimension and furnace dimension etc. The as grown crystals were used for dielectric measurements in the frequency range 200 Hz to 1 MHz using LCR meter model HP 4284A in temperature range 303 K to 523 K at applied magnetic field of 1 kG, 2 kG and 3 kG. The dielectric properties i.e. capacitance (C), alternating current conductivity (ac), dielectric constant (), dielectric loss tan and imaginary dielectric constant () are measured and represented as a function of frequency and temperature. <#LINE#> @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V., Deshmukh Lalasaheb P., Masumdar Elahipasha U, Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films: Optical and Electrical Transport Properties, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(1), 15-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa I.A., Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Zinc Oxide Thin Film, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(3), 26-30, (2012) @No $ @ @ Santhanalakshmi J. and Komalavalli R., Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of some Textile Dyes Using Silver Nano Particles, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(4), 64-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma J., Kumar S., Role of Pb additives in the dielectric properties of Se90In10 and Se75In25 glassy alloys, Journal of Ovonic Research, 6(1), 35- 44 (2010) @No $ @ @ JCPDS file, PDF- 2 No.35-1042 @No $ @ @ Wu X., Yang E.S. and Evans H.L., Negative capacitance at metal semiconductor interfaces, J. Appl. Phys, 68, 2845, (1990) @No $ @ @ Champness C.H. and Clark W.R., Anomalous inductive effect in selenium schottky diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 56, 1104 (1990) @No $ @ @ Solanki G.K., Patel K.D., Patel Rahul B., Unadkat Sandip, Patel Dipika B. and Gosai N.N., Synthesis of GeTe0.1Se0.9single crystals and its structural and optical characterization, Journal of Optoelectronics and Biomedical Materials,2(3), 99-107 (2010) @No $ @ @ Parekh B.B. and Joshi M.J., Growth and characterization of gel grown calcium pyrophosphate tetrahydrate crystals, Cryst. Res and Technol.,42, 127129 (2007) @No $ @ @ Parekh B.B., Vyas P.M., Vasant Sonal R. and Joshi M.J., Thermal, FTIR and dielectric studies of gel grown sodium oxalate single crystals, Bull. Mater Sci., 31, 143- 147 (2008) @No $ @ @ Suresh S., Optical and Dielectric Properties of L-Histidinium Trifluoroacetate NLO Single Crystal, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(2), 83-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Maxwell J.C., Electricity and Magnetism, New York: Oxford Uni. Press, 1, 828 (1973) @No $ @ @ Wagner K.W., Am. Phys., 40, 817 (1973) @No $ @ @ Rao K.V. and Smakula A., Dielectric properties of Ailaline earth fluoride single crystals, J. Appl. Phys.,37, 319 - 321 (1966) @No $ @ @ Reddy Y.R. and Sirdeshmukh L., Dielectric properties of NaIO and KIO4, Solid State Comm.,40, 353356 (1981) @No $ @ @ Sastry S.S., Satyanandam G., Subrahmanyan A. and Murthy V.R.K., Dielectric properties of HgCl:2KCl:HO single crystals in the radio frequency region, Phys. Stat. Solidi,105, K71 (1988) @No $ @ @ Smyth C.P., Dielectric Behaviour and Structure, John- Willey & Sons, New York, 132(1953) @No <#LINE#>Acoustical Properties and Surface Tension study of some Potassium salts in Polyacrylamide solution at 303K<#LINE#>S.@Ravichandran,K.@Ramanathan<#LINE#>49-54<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-134.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Sathyabama University, Chennai - 600119 Tamilnadu, INDIA @ Department of Physics, Thiagarajar college of Engineering, Chennai - 600119 Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>31/5/2012<#LINE#>19/6/2012<#LINE#> Ultrasonic velocity and density of potassium nitrate, potassium iodide, potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide solution in polyacrylmaide binary solution has been measured at 303K in different concentration. Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using single frequency interferometer at 2 MHz (Model F-81). From the experimental data, other related thermodynamic parameters, viz adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance and surface tension are calculated. The compressibility of a solvent is higher than that of a solution and it decreases with the increase in concentration of the solution. The abrupt variation of a velocity indicates the formation of complex. The results have been discussed in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions between the component and the compatibility of these methods in predicting the interactions in these mistures has also been discussed. <#LINE#> @ @ Ravichandran S. and Ramanathan K., Ultrasonic investigations of MSO, NSO4 and CSO4 aqueous in polyvinyl alcohol solution at 303K, Rasayan. J. Chem., , 375 (2010) @No $ @ @ Syal Anita, Chauhan V.K. and Chauhan Suvarcha, Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density studies of poly (ethyleneglycols) (PEG - 8,000, PEG - 20,000) in acetonitrile (AN) and water (HO) mixtures at 250C, J. Pure. Appl.Ultrason. 27, 61 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pankaj K., Singh S.C. Bhatt, Investigation of Acoustical Parameters of Polyvinyl Acetate, App.Phy.Res., , 1 (2010) @No $ @ @ Krzysztof Bebek, Aleksandra Strugala., Acoustic and Thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures of 2- Methyl-1-Propanol in hexane and cyclohexane at 293.15K., Mole. Quant. Acoust., 27, 337 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krzysztof Bebek, Speed of ultrasound and thermodynamic properties of 1-butanol in binary liquid mixtures at 293.15K., Mole. Quant. Acous., 26, 15 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S. and Ramanathan K., Acoustical parameters of polyacrylamide with sodium (meta) silicate and potassium silicate solution at 303 K., Polym. Chem.,1,698 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S. and Rathika Thaya Kumari C., Effect of Anionic Surfactant on the Thermo Acoustical Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate in Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution by Ultrasonic Method., E-J. Chem., 8, 77 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shanmuga Priya, Nithya, Velraj, Kanappan A.N., Molecular interactions studies in liquid mixture using Ultrasonic technique., Int. J. Adv. Sci. Tech., 18, 59 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anwar Ali, Anil Kumar Nain, Dinesh Chand and Rizwan Ahmad, Volumetric and Ultrasonic Studies of Molecular Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Different Temperatures, Bull.Chem. Soc. Jpn, 79, 702 (2006) @No $ @ @ Anwar Ali, Nabi F. and Tariq M., Volumetric, viscometric, ultrasonic, and refractive index properties of liquid mixtures of benzene with industrially important monomers at different temperatures, Int. J. Thermophy, 30, 464 (2009) @No $ @ @ Anil Kumar Nain., Inversion of the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions: Application to tetrahydrofuran + aromatic hydrocarbon binary systems, J. Solut. Chem., 37, 1541 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nain A.K., Densities and volumetric properties of binary mixtures of aniline with 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 2methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol at temperatures from 293.15 and 318.15 K., Int.J.Therm.Phys, 28, 1228 (2007) @No $ @ @ Anil Kumar Nain., Ultrasonic and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of acetonitrile with some amides at different temperatures, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 79, 11, 1688 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S. and Ramanathan K., Molecular Interactions with Polyacrylamide in Ethanolamine, Diethanolamine, and Triethanolamine Solutions Measured Ultrasonically, Poly. Plast. Tech Engg, 47, 169 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S. and Ramanathan K., Molecular interactions and Excess Thermodynamic properties of mixed solutions of Zinc sulphate and Zinc nitrate at 303K by Ultrasonic method, Int. J. App. Bio. Pharm. Tech., 1,705 (2010) @No <#LINE#>Studies Relating to Cathodic Reduction of Hypochlorite in Neutral Chloride Solutions Used in Chlorate Processes<#LINE#>S.@Vasudevan<#LINE#>55-59<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-100.pdf<#LINE#> CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi - 630 006, INDIA<#LINE#>20/4/2012<#LINE#>26/4/2012<#LINE#>The inhibition effect of the chromium hydroxide film for the reduction of hypochlorite has so far been studied on gold, platinum and iron electrodes in sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorate solution. But there is no reports were available in the case of alkaline earth metal chlorates. In order to more clearly distinguish, the effects of the film, the addition of chromate and its effect on the cathodic reduction of hypochlorite in sodium and alkaline earth metal chlorates solutions, the studies were carried out in platinum electrode. It was found that the addition of chromate to the sodium chlorate solution suppresses the hypochlorite reduction by forming a thin layer of chromium hydroxide on the electrode surface. In the case of magnesium, strontium and barium chlorate solutions the hypochlorite reduction was suppressed even without the addition of chromate in the electrolyte due to the formation of corresponding metal hydroxides on the electrode surface.<#LINE#> @ @ Wagner C., The Cathodic Reduction of Anions and the Anodic Oxidation of Cations, 181- 185 (1954) @No $ @ @ Tilak B.V., Viswanathan K., and Rader C.G.mechanism of sodium chlorate formation, Electrochem. Soc., 128, 1228-1232 (1981) @No $ @ @ Jaksic M.M., Nikolic B.Z., Karanovic, D.M. and Milovanovic C.R., Studies on chlorate cell process,J.Electrochem.Soc., 116, 394 398 @No $ @ @ Vogt H., Balej J., Bennett J., WintzerGallone P., Vasudevan S. andand Chlorine Oxygen Acids, Industrial Chemistry, ElectronicWeinheim (2010) @No $ @ @ Kolthoff I.M., Shams A.M. and Din E.I.hexavalent chromium at the rotated platinumPermiability of film formed, 1567 (1956) @No $ @ @ Taniguchi I. and Sekine T., addition on the cathodic reduction ofDenki Kagaku43, 201-204 (1975) @No $ @ @ Taniguchi I., and Sekine T.chromate in alkaline solution,(1975) @No $ @ @ Lindbergn G. and Simonsson D.Inhibition of cathode reactions in sodium hydroxidesolution containing chromate, 9.Veselovskya I.E., Kuchinskii E.M. and Morochko L.V.On the mechanism of perchlorate formation, Khim., 37, 76-62 (1964) @No $ @ @ Lindbergn G. and Simonsson D.addition on cathodic reduction of hypochlorite in hydroxide and chlorate solutions,3094-3099 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kelsall G.H., House C.I., and Gudyanga F.P.and electrochemical equilibria and kinetics in aqueous Cr(III)/Cr (IV)chloride solutions, J.Electroanal.Chem., 244, 179-201 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hine F. and Yasuda M., On the cathodic reaction in solution containing ClO, J.Electrochem.Soc., 118, 182-183 (1971) @No $ @ @ Cornell A., Lindbergn G., and Simonsson D., The effect of addition of chromate on the hydrogen evolution reaction and on iron oxidation in hydroxide and chlorate solutions,Electrochima Acta, 37, 1873-1881 (1992) @No $ @ @ Vanmuylder J. and Pourbaix M., In Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aquous Solutions: Magnesium: Vanmuylder, J.; Pourbaix, M., Ed.; Pergamon, New York, 139 (1966) @No $ @ @ Pushpavanam S., Mohan S., Vasudevan S., Ravichandran S. and Narasimham K.C., Magnesium chlorate by electrolysis of magnesium chloride, Bull.Electrochem.,, 422 423 (1990) @No $ @ @ 6Pushpavanam S., Mohan S., Vasudevan S., Ravichandran S. and Narasimham K.C., Electrolytic preparation of magnesium chlorate, Bull. Electrochem., , 364-369 (1989) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Mohan S., Pushpavanam S. and Narasimham K.C., Electrolytic preparation of magnesium perchlorate, J. Appl. Electrochem., 22, 877882 (1992) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Pushpavanam S., Mohan S. and Narasimham K.C., Electrolytic Preparation of magnesium chlorate from magnesium chloride, J.Appl.Electrochem., 22, 12011204 (1992) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Mohan S., Pushpavanam S. and Narasimham K.C., Chlorate and perchlorate of strontium by electrolysis, Bull. Electrochem., , 693-694 (1993) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S. and Mohan S. Electrochemical Preparation of Barium Chlorate from Barium Chloride, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, 45, 2923-2928 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S. and Mohan S., Studies on the Electrolytic Preparation of Ba(ClO, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 466211-6216 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Optimization of the Process Parameters for an Electrochemical Preparation of Strontium Perchlorate, Korean J. Chem. Eng.,261246-1251 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Effect of Cations of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth metal Chlorides for Chlorine, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, 47, 976-979 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Studies Relating to Electrolytic Preparation of Potassium Bromate, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, 47, 1743 -1746 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vasudevan S., Studies relating to cathodic reactions in neutral chloride solutions used in chlorate processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 47, 5742-5745 (2008) @No <#LINE#>FTIR, 1H NMR Spectral, Powder X-ray diffraction and DSC studies of -cyclodextrin-para-chlorobenzonitrile” Inclusion Complex<#LINE#>R.@PatilDipak,G.@IngolePravin,Kripal@Singh,S.@DalalDipak<#LINE#>60-63<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2012-156.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Organic Chemistry, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, MS INDIA @ Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>19/6/2012<#LINE#>26/6/2012<#LINE#> By keeping in mind the application of nitriles, the inclusion complex of -cyclodextrin-para-chlorobenzonitrile with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio has been prepared in aqueous media by co-precipitation method. The intermolecular interaction between -cyclodextrin and para-chlorobenzonitrile are studied and confirmed by various physical measurements like FTIR, H NMR, powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. <#LINE#> @ @ Tucker T.J., Sisko J.T., Tynebor R.M., Williams T.M., Felock P.J., Flynn J.A., Lai M.T., Liang Y., McGaughey G., Liu M., Miller M., Moyer G., Munshi V., Poehnelt R.P., Prasad S., Reid J.C., Sanchez R., Torrent M., Vacca J.P., Wan B.L. and Yan Y., Discovery of 3-{5-[(6-amino--pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridine-3-yl)methoxy]-2-chlorophenoxy} - 5-chlorobenzonitrile (MK-4965): A potent, orally bioavailable HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with improved potency against key mutant viruses, J. Med. Chem.,51, 6503-6511 (2008) @No $ @ @ Derridj F., Djebbar S., Baitich O.B. and Doucet H., Direct arylation of oxazoles and benzoxazole with aryl of heteroaryl halides using palladium-diphosphine catalyst, J. Organomet. Chem., 693, 135-144 (2008) @No $ @ @ Liu C., Zhang S.H., Wang M.J., Liang Q.Z. and Jian X.G., Synthesis and characterization of poly (ether amide) containing bisphthalazinone and ether linkages, Chin. Chem. Lett.,16, 437-439 (2005) @No $ @ @ Babu S.G., Karvembu R., CuO Nanoparticles: A simple, effective, ligand free, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for N-arylation of benzimidazoles, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50, 9594-9600 (2011) @No $ @ @ Cohen M.A., Sawden J. and Turner N.J., Selective hydrolysis of nitriles under mild conditions by an enzyme Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 7223-7226, (1990) @No $ @ @ Fabiani M.E., Angiotensin receptor subtypes: Novel target for cardiovascular therapy, Drug News Perspect, 12, 207-216 (1999) @No $ @ @ Medwid J.B., Paul R., Baker J.S., Brockman J.A., Du M.T., Hallett W.A., Hanifin J.W., Hardy R.A., Tarrant M.E., Torley I.W. and Wrenn S., Preparation of triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as potential antiasthma agents, J. Med. 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Biopharm., 57, 199-205, (2004) @No <#LINE#>Oxidation of Flavoxate by Chloramine-T in HCl Medium, a Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach<#LINE#>Ramach@,R.@rappa,@IyengarPushpa,Usha@Joseph<#LINE#>64-69<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2012-157.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Koramangala, Bangalore-560095, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bidarahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>19/6/2012<#LINE#>26/6/2012<#LINE#> The kinetics of oxidation of flavoxate (FX) by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesuphonamide or chloramine-T (CAT) has been carried out in acid medium at 303K. The reaction rate shows a first order dependence on [oxidant], fractional order on [substrate]and an inverse fractional order on [H]. The addition of the reaction product (p-toluenesulphonamide) and halide ions have no significant effect on the rate of the reaction. The variation of ionic strength of the medium did not affect the rate, indicating that non ionic species are involved in the rate determining step. The dielectric effect is negative. The reaction fails to initiate the polymerization of acrlyamide. Thermodynamic parameters were computed by studying the reaction at different temperatures. The reaction stoichiometry and oxidation products were identified. Activation parameters for the rate-limiting step have been computed. Based on the experimental observations a suitable mechanism was proposed and rate law deduced. <#LINE#> @ @ Kolvari A., Choghamarani A.G., Salehi P., Shirini F. and Zolfigol M A., Applications of N- halo reagents in organic synthesis, J. Iran Chem. Soc., 4(2), 126 (2007) @No $ @ @ Organic Synthesis, J Iran Chem Soc, 4(2), 126 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ramachandrappa R., Usha Joseph, Pushpa Iyengar, Kineticsof oxidation of gabapentin by bromamine-B in NaOH medium, Res. J. Pharm. Biological and Chem. 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Flavoxate Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 3600-1 (2007) @No $ @ @ Diwya, Ramachandrappa R. and Pushpa Iyengar, Kinetics of oxidation of Miglitol by bromamine-T in HCl medium using RuCl as catalyst, J.Chem. Pharm. Res.,4(3), 1676-1685 (2012) @No $ @ @ Feigl F., Spot tests in organic analysis, 5th ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 376 (1956) @No $ @ @ Akerlof G., Dielectric constants of some organic solvent-water mixtures at various temperaturesJ. Am.Chem. Soc.54, 4125 (1932) @No $ @ @ Meenakshisundaram S.P. and Sockalingam R., Os(VIII)catalysed oxidation of sulfides by sodium salt of Nchlorobenzenesulfonamide, J. Mol. Catal. A. Chem., (160), 269 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pryde D.R. and Soper F.G., The interaction of anilides and hypochlorous acid, J. Chem. 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College, Kovilvenni, 614403, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Dept of Chemistry, A.V.V.M.S.P College, Poondi, 613503, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>2/7/2012<#LINE#> Kinetic investigation on the oxidation of IPA in an acidified solution of potassium bromate in the presence of Hg(OAC) as a scavenger, have been studied in the temperature range of 303-323K. Increase in the concentration of H ion showed first order. The influence of Hg(OAC), ionic strength and oxidant on the rate was found to be insignificant. The reaction was found to be of zero order each in concentration of IPA and KBrO. The various thermodynamic parameters were calculated form rate measurements at 303, 308, 313, 318 and 323K respectively. A suitable mechanism in conformity with the kinetic observations has been proposed and the rate law is derived on the basis of the observed data. The product -spirolactone was confirmed from the IR and NMR spectral analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Umesh N. Pol, Ramesh S. Yamgar and S.S. Dadwad, Kinetics and mechanism of acid bromate oxidation of 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalideneanil, Asian J. of Chemistry, 9(1),58-62 (1997) @No $ @ @ Shukla V.K., Kumar Mithilesh and Singh R.A., Kinetic studies of oxidation of D-Mannose by potassium bromate in aqueous perchloric acid medium catalysed by Ir(III), Asian J. of Chemistry, 19(6), 4704-4710 (2007) @No $ @ @ Srinivasan R. and Mohamed Kasim A.N., Oxidative Decarboxylation of substituted 4-Oxoacid by acid bromate-A Kinetic and mechanistic study, Asian J. of Chemistry, 21(3), 2369-2377 (2009) @No $ @ @ Idris S.O, Ibrahaim A.P, Iyun J.F and Mohammed Y, Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of L-Methionine by Potassium bromate in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium, Archives of Applied Research Science, 2(5), 355-362 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lurie J.U., Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 301-302 (1975) @No $ @ @ Noyes R.M, A generalized mechanism for bromatedriven oscillators controlled by bromide, J. Amer. Chem. 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Y, Mechanistic study of chromium (VI) catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol by polmer supported chromic acid, Research J. of Chemical Sciences, 1(1), 25-30, (2011) @No $ @ @ Bonde S.L, Dangat V.T, Borkar V.T and Yadav R.P, Rapid Iodination of Xylidines in aqueous medium: Kinetic verification of speculated reactivities, Research J. of Chemical Sciences, 2(6), 1-5, (2012) @No <#LINE#>Photo-Oxidation Process Application for Removal of Color from Textile Industry Effluent<#LINE#>U.B.@Deshannavar,A.A.@Murgod,M.S.@Golangade,P.B.@Koli,Samyak@Banerjee,N.M.@Naik<#LINE#>75-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2012-161.pdf<#LINE#> Chemical Engg. Dept., K.L.E. Societys Dr. M.S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>3/7/2012<#LINE#> A series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of hydrogen peroxide (H), a strong oxidizing agent along with lathe turnings as a heterogeneous catalyst in presence of solar irradiation for the decolorization of textile industry effluent. Operating parameters such as pH, H concentration, and catalyst dosage affecting decolorization were investigated and optimal values were determined. A maximum decolorization of 86% was achieved. The results indicate advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the promising methods for textile industry effluent decolorization. <#LINE#> @ @ Shabudeen P.S.S., Study of the removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by using solid agricultural waste, Res. J. Chem. 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II. and Bahorshky M., Decolorization of Dyes Using UV/H Photochemical Oxidation, Textile Chemist and Colorist., 30, 27-35 (1998) @No <#LINE#>Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric acid<#LINE#>M.@ShresthaRajeshwar,P.@YadavAmar,P.@PokharelBhadra,Ram@PradhanangaRaja<#LINE#>80-86<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-162.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Engineering Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, NEPAL @ Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, NEPAL <#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>6/7/2012<#LINE#> Activated carbon was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with phosphoric acid at 400 C. pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc), iodine number, proximate analysis and concentration of surface oxygen functional groups of activated carbon was determined by Boehm titration. The adsorption of methylene blue by thus prepared activated carbon was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 277 mg/g. Thermogravimetric analysis and proximate analysis of Lapsi seed stone was also carried out. The analysis showed that the activated carbon derived from Lapsi seed stone activated with phosphoric acid is comparable with commercial activated carbon and can be used as a potential adsorbent. <#LINE#> @ @ Lotfi M., Djoudi M., Abdelkrim B. and Lazhar B., Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon developed from Apricot stone, Desalination,276, 148-153 (2011) @No $ @ @ Collin G.J., Awanf B., Duduku K. and Kok Onn S., Sorption studies of Methylene Blue Dye in aqueous solution by Optimized Carbon Prepared from Guava Seeds (Psidium guajava L) Materials Science,13(1)(2007) @No $ @ @ Maria J.R., Arana R. and Mazzoco R.R., Adsorption studies of methylene blue and phenol onto black stone cherries prepared by chemical activation, J.Hazard. Mater, 180, 656-661 (2010) @No $ @ @ Amina A.A., Badie S.G. and Nady A.F., Removal of methylene blue by carbons derived from peach stones by PO activation: Batch and column studies, Dyes and Pigments,76, 282-289 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dong S.K., Activated Carbon from Peach Stones Using Phosphoric Acid Activation at Medium Temperatures, J of Environ Sci and Health, 39(5) 1301-1318 (2004) @No $ @ @ Foo K.Y. and Hameed B.H., Preparation, Characterization and evaluation of adsorptive properties of orange peel based activated carbon via microwave induce KCOactivation, Bioresour Technol,104, 679-689 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tau X. and Xiaoqin L., Peanut shell Activated Carbon: Characterization, Surface Modification and Adsorption of Pb 2+ from Aqueous Solution, Chinese J. chem Eng, 16) 401-406 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nowicki P., Pietrzak R. and Wachoswka H. Saberian anthracite as a precursor material for microporous activated carbon, Fuel,87, 2937-2040 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yanhui Li, Qiuju Du, Xiaodong WaNG, Pan Zhang, Dechang Wang, Zongha Wang, Yanzhi Xia, Removal of lead from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from Enteromorpha prolifera by zinc chloride activation, J.Hazard.Mater.,183, 583-589 (2010) @No $ @ @ Girgis B.S., El-Hendawy, Porosity development in activated carbon obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 52, 105-117 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rajbhandari R., Shrestha L.K. and Pradhananga R.R., Preparation of Activated Carbon from Lapsi Seed Stone and its application for the Removal of Arsenic from water, J. Inst. Eng., , 211 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajbhandari R., Shrestha L.K. and Pradhananga R.R., Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone for the Removal of Arsenic from water, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (in Press) @No $ @ @ Prajapati S. Sharma S. and Agrawal V.P.,Characterization of Choerospondias axillaris (Lapsi) fruit protease, Int J. Life Sci,3, 24-31 (2009) @No $ @ @ Poudel K.C., domesticating Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) for fruit production in middle mountain agroforestry systems in Nepal, Him.J.Sciences, 1(1), 55-58 (2003) @No $ @ @ American Society for Testing and Materials Annual Book of ASTM Standard, 15.01, Refractories, Carbon and Graphic Products; activated carbon, ASTM, Philadelphia PA (1996) @No $ @ @ American Society for Testing and Materials Standard test method of determination of iodine number of activated carbon, ASTM Committee on Standards (2006) @No $ @ @ American Society for Testing and Materials Standard test methods for moisture in activated carbon, Philadelphia, PA: ASTM Committee on Standards (1991) @No $ @ @ Yang T. and Chong Lua A., Textural and chemical properties of zinc chloride activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shell, Materials in chemistry and Physics,100, 438-444 (2006) @No $ @ @ Quershi K., Bhatti I., Kazi R., Ansari A.K., Physical and Chemical Analysis of Activated carbon from Sugarcane Bagasse and use for Sugar Decolorization, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 34 (2007) @No $ @ @Ahmedna M., Marshall W.E. and Rao R.M., Granular activated carbons from agricultural by-products: preparation, properties and application in sugar refining, Bulletin of Lousiana state, University Agricultural Centre,54(2000) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S. Kumar Ajit, Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N. Pathak Manoj, Shrivastav Archana and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City ,MP , India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(6),62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Benadjemia M., Milliere Reinert L., Benderdouche N. and Duclaux L., Preparation, Characterization and Methylene blue adsorption of phosphoric acid activated carbons from globe artichoke leaves, Fuel Process Technol, 92, 1203-1212 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhise R.M., Patil A.A., Raskar A.R., Patil P.J. and Deshpande D.P, Removal of Colour of Spent Wash by Activated Charcoal Adsorption and Electrocoagulation,Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(6),66-69 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oickle A.M., Goertzen Sarah L., Goertzen L., Katelyn R. Hopper, Yasmin O., Abdalla, Andreas Heather A., Standardization of the Boehm titration, Part II. Method of agitation effect filtering and titrant Carbon, 48, 3313-3322, (2010) @No $ @ @ Boehm H.M, Surface Oxides and their Analysis- A critical Assessment, Carbon40, 145-149 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ekpete O.A. and Horsfall M.JNR., Preparation and characterization of Activated Carbon derived from fluted Pumpkin Stem Waste (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F), Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3)(2011) @No $ @ @ Nwabanne J.T. and Igbokwe P.K., Preparation of Activated Carbon from Nipa Palm Nut: Influence of Preparation Conditions, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(6),53-58 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Lau Teik Hin, Mohd. Nordin adlan, Mohd Shahrir, Salina Alias, Ahmed A.M. Abufoul, Mohammed J.K. Bashir, Mohd Suffian Yusoff and Muhammad Umar, Removal of High Strength Color from Semi Aerobic Stabilized Landfill Leachate via Adsorption on Limestone and Activated Carbon Mixture,Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1(6), 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Theivarasu Chinniagounder, Mylsamy Shanker and Sivakumar Nageswaram, Adsorptive Removal of Crystal Violet Dye Using Agricultural Waste Cocoa (theobroma cacao), Res.J.Chem.Sci,1(7) 38-45 (2011) @No $ @ @ Suantak Kamsonlian, Chandrajit Baslomajumder and Shri Chand, Removal of As(III) from Aqueous solution onto Maize (Zea mays) Leaves Surface: parameters Optimization sorption Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5),73-79 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Polythiophene-ß-Naphtholsulphonic acid: New and effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acid solution<#LINE#>V.@SureshKumar,B.R.@Venkatraman,V.@Shobana,A.@Subramania<#LINE#>87-94<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-187.pdf<#LINE#>epartment of Chemistry, Kings College of Engineering, Pudukkottai- 613 303, INDIA @ PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Periyar E.V.R. College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli- 620 023, INDIA @ Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry- 605 014, INDIA <#LINE#>4/8/2012<#LINE#>14/8/2012<#LINE#> New and effective polymeric inhibitor polythiophene-naphtholsulphonic acid (PTh--NSA) was prepared and used as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1N HCl solution using chemical and electrochemical methods. Results obtained from weight loss and gasometric methods were in good agreement with electrochemical methods. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that PTh--NSA was a mixed type inhibitor. The effect of temperatures on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel was studied in the temperature ranging from 30C to 90C for 1N HCl at an optimum concentration of 700 ppm. The adsorption behavior of this polymer on carbon steel in 1N HCl was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of decrease in the hydrogen permeation current through the carbon steel surface was studied by the hydrogen permeation technique. The protective film formed on carbon steel by the adsorption of PTh--NSA was confirmed by SEM studies.<#LINE#> @ @ Shukla S.K., Quraishi M.A. and Prakash R., A Self Doped Conducting Polymer Polyanthranilic Acid: An efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solution, Corros. Sci.,50, 2867-2872 (2008) @No $ @ @ James A. 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