@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Functional groups determination and the production of biodiesel from Garcinia Kola seeds using trans-esterification reaction<#LINE#>Ogemdi@Iwuozor Kingsley ,Chidubem@Ekpunobi Emmanuel  ,Gold@Emuobosa  <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2018-068.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria@Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<#LINE#>12/12/2018<#LINE#>10/3/2019<#LINE#>Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garciniakola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45&deg;C; pour point: 93&deg;C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.<#LINE#>Ogemdi I.K. and Ibraheem A.I. (2018).@Production of Biodiesel and its Physiochemical Properties Produced from Ricinus communis Seeds by Trans-Esterification Process.@Journal of Biomaterials, 2(2), 24-30.@Yes$Abayeh O. and Ugah I.A. (2007).@Transesterified Thevitianerifolia seed oil as a biodiesel fuel.@Global journal of environmental research, 1(3), 124-127.@Yes$Adebayo S. E., Orhevba B.A., Adeoye P.A., Musa J.J. and Fase O.J. (2012).@Solvent Extraction and Characterization of Oil from African Star Apple (ChrysophyllumAlbidum) Seeds.@Academic Research International Journal, 3(2), 178-182.@Yes$Adegoke A.G. (2012).@Characterization, evaluation of sprout suppressant and anti-microbial activities of essential oils on two kolanut (Cola nitida and Cola acuminata) Species.@Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(6), 68-72.@Yes$Adesuyi A.O., Elumm I.K., Adaramola F.B. and Nwokoch A.G.M. (2012).@Nutritional and phytochemical screening of Garcinia kola.@Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(1), 9-14.@Yes$AOCS (1998).@Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society-.@Champaign, IL.@Yes$Filemon A.U. (2010).@Biofuel from plants oil, National Academy of science technology.@Government of Japan, 47-48.@No$Freitas S.V., Pratas M.J., Ceriani R., Lima A.S. and Coutinho J.A. (2010).@Evaluation of predictive models for the viscosity of biodiesel.@Energy & Fuels, 25(1), 352-358.@Yes$Fukuda H., Kondo A. and Noda H. (2001).@Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils.@Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 92(5), 405-416.@Yes$Igwenyi I.O. (2011).@Potentials of Afzelia Africana vegetable oil in biodiesel production Progress in Renewable Energies.@1, 8-14.@No$ASTM international (2002).@Standard test methods for biodiesel (B 100) analysis. Annual book of standards, D 6571.@ASTM international west Conshohocken, 734-738.@No$Bello E.I. and Agge M. (2012).@Biodiesel Production from Ground Nut Oil.@Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 276-280.@Yes$Report (2009).@Biodiesel handling and user guide.@4th edition, National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL, 1-13.@No$Dah-Nouvlessounon D., Adjanohoun A., Sina H., Noumavo P.A., Diarrasouba N., Parkouda C., Madod&eacute; Y.E., Dicko M.H. and Baba-Moussa L. (2015).@Nutritional and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Three Bitter kolas (Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola) Produced in Benin.@Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6, 1395-1407.@No$Eze S.O. (2012).@Physico-chemical properties of oil from some selected underutilized oil seeds available for biodiesel preparation.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(42), 10003-10007.@Yes$Habibullah M., Masjuki H.H., Kalam M.A., Rahman S.A., Mofijur M., Mobarak H.M. and Ashraful A.M. (2015).@Potential of biodiesel as a renewable energy source in Bangladesh.@Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 819-834.@Yes$Humphrey I., Nsikan I.O. and Michael A. and Chendo C. (2015).@Comparative Studies on Some Edible Oils for Biodiesel Production in Nigeria.@British Biotechnology Journal, 5(2), 72-83.@No$Jayeola C.O. (2001).@Preliminary studies on the use of kolanuts (cola nitida) for soft drink production.@The journal of food technology in Africa, 6(1), 25-26.@Yes$Jimoh A., Abdulkareem A.S., Afolabi A.S., Odigure J.O. and Odili U.C. (2012).@Production and Characterization of Biofuel from Refined Groundnut Oil.@Energy Source Journal, 32(1), 200-217.@No$Knothe G. (2001).@Analytical methods used in the production and fuel quality assessment of biodiesel.@American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44(2), 193-200.@Yes$Parthiban K.T., Selvan P., Paramathma M., Kanna S.U., Kumar P., Subbulakshmi V. and Vennila S. (2011).@Physico-chemical characterization of seed oil from Jatropha curcas L. genetic resources.@Journal of Economic and Natural Environment, 3(5), 163-167.@Yes$Sanford S.D., James M.W., Parag S.S., Claudia W., Marlen A.V. and Glen R.M. (2009).@Feedstock and biodiesel characteristics Report.@Renewable energy group Inc., 416 S. Avenue, 11-88.@Yes$Singh S.P. and Singh D. (2010).@Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of biodiesel: A review.@Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 200-216.@Yes$Sivaramakrishnan K. and Ravikumar P. (2012).@Determination of cetane number of biodiesel and its influence on physical properties.@ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 205-211.@Yes$Van Gerpen J., Shanks B., Pruszko R., Clements D. and Knothe G. (2004).@Biodiesel production technology.@National Renewability Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, 1-41.@Yes$Yadessa G.K. and Jorge M.M. (2017).@Oil extraction from plant seeds for biodiesel production.@AIMS Energy Journal, 5(2), 316-340.@Yes$Adesanwo J.K., Ogundele S.B., Akinpelu D.A. and McDonald A.G. (2017).@Chemical Analyses, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities of extracts from Cola nitida seed.@Journal of exploratory research in pharmacology, 2(3), 67-77.@Yes
<#LINE#>Application of silver nanoparticles during bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soil by Eleusine indica - inhibition or improvement?<#LINE#>Ikhajiagbe@Beckley  ,Osayamen@Kadesh Ignatius  <#LINE#>7-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2019-002.pdf<#LINE#>Environmental Biotechnology and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Nigeria@Environmental Biotechnology and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Nigeria<#LINE#>21/10/2018<#LINE#>27/4/2019<#LINE#>Nanoparticles (NP) have been associated with numerous aspects of plant applications, including crop production and environmental reclamation. The primary reason is to enhance plants capacity during these applications. The purpose of the research was centred on whether application of biosynthesized silver NP would enhance the bioremediation capacity of Eleusine indica in an oil-polluted soil. Top soil was polluted with spent lubricating oil (obtained as pooled) at 5% w/w. A week later, tillers of Eluesine indica (5-leafed and height 8.3&plusmn;1.2cm) were transplanted into the oil-polluted soils in experimental bowls. Five weeks after sowing, silver NP were synthesized in the laboratory from silver-trioxonitrate, using aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachtaindica, Carica papaya, Vernonia amygdalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Moringa oleifera. These were immediately applied via foliar spray to each plant at 200ml per plant in divided concentrations of 5, 15 and 30% respectively, from top to bottom. A booster dose was applied after two weeks of initial application. The presence of oil in soil had phytotoxic impact on plant morphological characteristics. There was also significant reduction in reproductive capacity of the plant herein presented as number of panicles per plant. However, with the application of nanoparticles, there was improvement in plant acquisition of panicles. Enhancement in plant reproductive capacity was better with plants sprayed with V. amygdalina-based NP (16panicles), compared to those exposed to A. indica-based NP (11 panicles/plant) and 5 panicles in the plants in oil-polluted soil. The efficiency of remediation of hydrocarbons in the oil-polluted soil by the test plant was enhanced upon application of NP (80.0 - 95.0%) compared to when no NP was applied (65.05%). The study thus accentuates the capacity for NP in enhancing plant survival under environmentally stressed conditions. Further, the enhancement of plant remediative capacity in the oil-polluted soil has also been presented.<#LINE#>Ikhajiagbe B., Anoliefo G.O. and Ajimisogbe T. (2015).@Performance of Eleusineindica to abiotic stress occasioned by pesticide pollution.@1st University of Benin Annual Research Day (UBARD) Conference. October 22-23, 2016. Univ. of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 323-327.@No$Ikhajiagbe B., Anoliefo G.O., Idiagi O.I. and Omoregbee O. (2016).@Performance of Eleusineindica to abiotic stress occasioned by pollution of the pesticide 2,2- dichlorovinyl dimethylsulphate.@FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 1(2), 399-405. Fed. Univ., Wakuri.@Yes$Ikhajiagbe B. and Chijioke-Osuji C.C. (2012).@Heavy metal contents and microbial composition of the rhizosphere of Eleusine indica within an auto-mechanic workshop in Benin City, Nigeria.@Journal of the Ghana Science Association, 14(2), 45-55. http//www.ajol.info/index.php/jgsa/article/view/95489@Yes$Wong M.H. and Lau W.M. (1985).@Root growth of Cynodon and Eleusine indica collected from motorways at different concentrations of lead.@Environmental Research, 36(2), 257-267.@Yes$Wong M.H. and Chu L.M. (1985).@Yield and metal uptake of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) grown in refuse-compost-amended soil.@Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 14(1-2), 41-52.@Yes$Ikhajiagbe B., Edegbai B.O., Omoregie G.O. and Eweka A.M. (2017).@Assessment of the phytoreclamation of an oil-contaminated soil cultivated with Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, and Eragrostis tenela.@Studia Universitatis Babe&#351; - Bolyai, Biologia, LXII, 1, 53-55.@Yes$Garba S.T., Osemeahon A.S., Maina H.M. and Barminas J.T. (2012).@Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-Assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soilby Eleusine indica L. Gearth.@J. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol., 4(5), 103-109.@Yes$Choi O. and Hu Z.Q. (2008).@Size dependent and reactive oxygen species related nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying bacteria.@Environmental Science and Technology, 42(12), 4583-4588.@Yes$Baruah S.K., Pal S. and Dutta J. (2012).@Nanostructured zinc oxide for water treatment.@Nanoscience Nanotechnology-Asia, 2, 90-102.@Yes$Ahmed F., Santos C.M., Vergara R., Tria M.C.R., Advincula R. and Rodrigues D.F. (2012).@Antimicrobial applications of electroactive PVK-SWNT nanocomposites.@Environmental Science and Technology, 46(3), 1804-1810.@Yes$Shankar S., Ahmad A. and Sastry M. (2003).@Geranium Leaf Assisted Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles.@Biotechnology Progress, 19(6), 1627-1631.@Yes$USDA (1998).@Estimating Soil Moisture by Feel and Appearance.@United State Dept. of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service Program Aid Number 1619. April 1998, 6.@No$Washington State Department of Ecology (1997).@Analytical Methods for Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Publication.@Washington State Department of Ecology Toxics Cleanup Program and The Ecology Environmental Laboratory Publication No. ECY 97-602 June@No$Ikhajiagbe B. (2016).@Biorecovery of a model oil-polluted soil after exposure to solutions of typical salts found in irrigation water.@Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia, 61(1), 133-146.@Yes$Boonyanitipong P., Kositsup B., Kumar P., Baruah S. and Dutta J. (2011).@Toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on germinating rice seed Oryzasativa L.@Int. J. Biosci. Biochem. Bioninform., 1, 282-285.@Yes$Riahi-Madvar A.., Rezaee F.. and Jalili V. (2012).@Effects of alumina nanoparticles on morphological properties and antioxidant system of Triticumaestivum.@Iran. J. Plant Physiol., 3, 595-603.@Yes
<#LINE#>Cowpea emergence response to cadmium stress<#LINE#>E.O.@Ohanmu ,B.@Ikhajiagbe ,G.O.2@Anoliefo  <#LINE#>17-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2019-006.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Edo University Iyamho, Nigeria and Environmental Biotech and Sustainability Research Group, Dept of Plant Biology and Biotech, University of Benin, Nigeria@Environmental Biotech and Sustainability Research Group, Dept of Plant Biology and Biotech, University of Benin, Nigeria@Environmental Biotech and Sustainability Research Group, Dept of Plant Biology and Biotech, University of Benin, Nigeria<#LINE#>2/2/2019<#LINE#>18/5/2019<#LINE#>Cadmium been the utmost prominent and extensively distributed heavy metal in Nigeria soils. This study investigated the emergence of cowpea accessions (TVu-91,92,93,95 and 96) to cadmium stress in Nigeria soils. The experimental setup consisted of 3 treatments namely 0ESV, 2.5ESV and 5ESV (Ecological Screening Value) and the following parameters were taken; time to 50% emergence, height of emergence, hypocotyl length, terminal leaf breadth and length, fresh and dry weight matter. Cadmium caused a significant decrease in the studied parameter. In TVu-91, cadmium pollution resulted to 2-days delay in time to 50% emergence between the control and 5ESV. The emergence height of TVu-93 sown in Cd-5ESV was 10.67cm as compared to 12.10cm in the control, the hypocotyl length was also reduced from 3.7 to 2.3cm with increased concentration. Terminal leaf length and breadth followed similar trend of reduction. However, the various accessions responded differently as there were insignificantly difference observed in the emergent height of TVu-93 between the treatments. In conclusion, although cadmium pollution reduced the emergence productivity of cowpea accession, however its effect varied within the accessions. This suggests that the presence of the genetic makeup of the individual accessions have the ability to withstand cadmium stress.<#LINE#>Cui Y.J., Zhu Y.G., Zhai R.H., Huang Y., Qiu Y., Liang J.Z., Zengin F.K. and Munzuroglu O. (2005).@Effects of some Heavy Metals on Content of Chlorophyll, Proline and some Antioxidant Chemicals in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings.@Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 47(2), 157-164.@Yes$Galadima A., Garba Z.N., Leke L., Almustapha M.N. and Adam I.K. (2011).@Domestic water Pollution among Local Communities in Nigeria - causes and consequences.@European J. Scientific Research, 52(4), 592-603.@Yes$Ohanmu E.O. and Ikhajiagbe B. (2018).@Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic response of Sphenostylis stenocarpa to Cadmium Stress.@Asian J. Applied Sci., 11, 125-134.@Yes$Ohanmu E.O., Ikhajiagbe B. and Anoliefo G.O. (2017).@Assessment of Growth and Yield responses African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) to Cadmium Pollution.@Nig. J. Life Sci., 7(2), 166-180.@No$Van-Assehe F. and Clijsters C.P.H. (1990).@Effects of Metals on Enzyme Activity in Plants.@Plant Cell Environmental, 13(3), 195-206.@Yes$Ikhajiagbe B., Anoliefo G.O., Ohanmu E.O. and Aliu E. (2018).@Effects of different Cadmium Levels on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Wild Vigna.@Studia Universitatis Babe&#351;-Bolyai Biologia, LXIII, 2, 169-182.@Yes$Gallego S.M., Pena L.B., Barcia R.A., Azpilicueta C.E., Iannone M.F. and Rosales E.P. (2012).@Unravelling Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Insight into Regulatory Mechanisms.@Environmental Experimental Botany, 83, 33-46.@Yes$Yeuka M., Sanele M. and Norah B. (2017).@The Effects of Sub Lethal Levels of Lead on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Rock Pigeon (Columba Livia).@Zimbabwe J. Sci. Techn., 12, 1-7.@Yes$Espin S., Mart&iacute;nez-Lopez E., Jimenez P., Maria-Mojica P. and Garc&iacute;a-Fern&aacute;ndez A.J. (2014).@Effects of Heavy Metals on Biomarkers for Oxidative Stress in Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus).@Environmental Research, 129, 59-68.@Yes$Ikhajiagbe B. (2016).@Possible Adaptive Growth responses of Chromolaena odorata during Heavy Metal Remediation.@Ife Journal of Sci., 18(2), 403-411.@Yes$Ohanmu E.O. and Ikhajiagbe B. (2018).@Effect of Cadmium Pollution on Nitrogen Assimilation and Bioaccumulation of Vigna unguiculata L.@Asian J. Applied Sci., 11, 183-191.@No$IITA. (1999).@Cowpea-Cereals Systems Improvement in the Savannas.@Annual Report of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.@No$Singh B.B. (2007).@Potential and Constraints of improved Cowpea Varieties in increasing the Productivity of Systems in the Dry Savannas of West Africa.@14.@Yes$Kamara A.Y., Chikoye D., Omoigui L.O. and Dugje I.Y. (2007).@Influence of Insecticide spraying Regimes and Cultivar on Insect-Pests and Yield of Cowpea in the Dry Savannas of North-Eastern Nigeria.@J. Food, Agriculture and Environment, 5(1), 154-158.@Yes$FAO. (2000). Site internet: http://www.fao.org/statistics.@undefined@undefined@No$Singh B.B., Chamblis O.L. and Sharma B. (1997).@Recent Advances in Cowpea Breeding.@In Cowpea research, (ed.) Singh B.B., Mohan-Raj D.R., Dashiel K.E. and Jackai L.E.N. Co-publication of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 30.@No$Thio I.G., Zida E.P., Sawadogo M. and S&eacute;r&eacute;m&eacute; P. (2016).@Current status of Colletotrichum capsici strains, causal agents of Brown blotch disease of cowpea in Burkina Faso.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(5), 96-104.@Yes$Abdulai M., Kusi F., Seini S.S., Seidu A., Nboyine J.A. and Larbi A. (2017).@Effects of planting Date, Cultivar and Insecticide spray Application for the Management of Insect-Pests of Cowpea in Northern Ghana.@Crop Prot., 100, 168-176.@Yes$Ohanmu E.O., Ikhajiagbe B. and Edegbai B.O. (2018).@Nitrogen Distribution pattern in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) exposed to Cadmium Stress.@J. Applied Sci. Environ. Management, 22(7), 1053-1057.@Yes$Kanteh S.M., Norma J.E. and Sherman K.J. (2014).@Effect of Plant Density and Weeding Regime on Population and Severity of Aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) and Foliage Beetles (Ootheca mutabilis Sahl) on Cowpea in Sierra Leone.@Int. J. Agric. For., 4, 24-33.@Yes$Kamai N., Kamara A.Y. and Omogui I.O. (2014).@Varietal Trials and Physiological Basis for Yield Differences among Cowpea Varieties in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria.@International J. Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2(5), 855-859.@Yes$Ekpo M.A. and Ebeagwu C.J. (2009).@The Effect of Crude Oil on Microorganisms and Dry Matter of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis).@Sci. Research Essay, 4(8), 733-739.@Yes$Josep A.R. and Maria M. (2002).@Seed Germination and Reproductive Features of Lysimachia minoricensis (Primulaceae), a Wild Extinct Plant.@Annuals of Botany, 89(5), 559-562.@Yes$Talebi S., Nabavi-Kalat S.M. and Sohani-Darban A.L. (2014).@The Study Effects of Heavy Metals on Germination Characteristics and Proline Content of Triticale (Triticoseale Wittmack).@International J. Farming and Allied Sci., 3(10), 1080-1087.@Yes$Rahman K.M. and Mahmud K.M. (2010).@Effect of varying Concentration of Nickel and Cobalt on the Plant Growth and Yield of Chickpea.@Australian J. Basic Applied Sci., 4(6), 1036-1046.@Yes$Singh D., Nath K. and Kumar S.Y. (2007).@Response of Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Copper Stress.@J. Environmental Biology, 28(2), 409-414.@Yes$John M.K. and Van-Laerhoven C.J. (1976).@Differential Effects of Cadmium on Lettuce Varieties.@Environmental Pollution, 10(3), 163-173.@Yes$Ahsan N., Lee D.G., Lee S.H., Kang K.Y., Lee J.J., Kim P.J., Yoon H.S., Kim J.S. and Lee B.H. (2007).@Excess Copper induced Physiological and Proteomic changes in Germinating Rice Seeds.@Chemosphere, 67(6), 1182-1193.@Yes$Wang M. and Zhou Q. (2005).@Single and joint Toxicity of Chlorimuronethyl, Cadmium and Copper acting on Wheat (Triticum aestivum).@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 169-175.@Yes$Khajeh-Hosseini M., Powell A.A. and Bingham I.J. (2003).@The interaction between Salinity Stress and Seed Vigour during Germination of SOYBEAN seeds.@Seed Sci. Technology, 31, 715-725.@Yes$Kiran Y. and Munzuroglu O. (2004).@The effects of Lead on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lens (Lens culinaris Medic.).@Firat University J. Sci. Engineering, 16(1), 1-9.@Yes$Shukla A.K., Prasad S., Srivastava S.K., Singh S.P. and Singh R.P. (2003).@Allelopathic Effect of Thatch Grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) on various Kharif and Rabi Season Crops and Weeds.@Indian J. Weed Sci., 35, 163-166.@Yes$Scebba F., Arduini I., Ercoli L. and Sebastiani L. (2006).@Cadmium Effects on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities in Miscanthus sinensis.@Biologia Plantarum, 50(4), 688-692.@Yes$Abu-Muriefah S.S. (2008).@Growth Parameters and Elemental Status of Cucumber (Cucumus sativus) Seedlings in response to Cadmium Accumulation.@International J. Agriculture and Biology, 10(3), 261-266.@Yes$John R., Ahmad P., Gadgil K. and Sharma S. (2008).@Effect of Cadmium and Lead on Growth, Biochemical Parameters and Uptake in Lemna polyrrhiza L.@Plant, Soil and Environment, 54, 262-270.@Yes
<#LINE#>Octahedral platinum (IV) complexes of mixed piperaquine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine: synthesis, spectroscopy, antioxidant and antibacterial studies<#LINE#>Oloruntoyin@Ayipo Yusuf ,Adesina@Osunniran Wahab ,Ayoola@Obaleye Joshua ,Muhammad@Badeggi Umar ,Olabisi@Ayinde Monsurat  <#LINE#>24-39<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2019-012.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria@Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria@Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria@Department of Chemistry, Cape Pennisula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa@Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria<#LINE#>28/2/2019<#LINE#>12/5/2019<#LINE#>Synthesis of coordination compounds of Pt (IV) with mixed piperaquine-sulfadoxine and piperaquine-pyrimethamine has been carried out by 1:1:1 stochiometry ratio of ligands to metal ion. Characterization of the synthesized complexes was carried out using solubility evaluation, determination of melting point,  elemental analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135 and XRD spectroscopy. FTIR spectral data suggest that all the ligands behaved as bidendate ligands with pyrimethamine coordinates to the metal centre through  (N-H) and (C-Cl); sulfadoxine through (N-H) and (S=O); piperaquine through (N-H) and (C-Cl). The electronic spectra also revealed that the metal center moiety is six-coordinate with octahedral geometry. The XRD data obtained established the crystal profile and novelty of the metal complexes synthesized. Antioxidant studies carried out using DPPH  with ascorbic acid as standard shows metal complexes to be promising antioxidant agents with the IC50 values of 543, 1031. In vitro antibacterial screening of the ligands and synthesized metal complexes were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteria anthrancitis using agar diffusion technique. The results obtained reveal that synthesized metal complexes showed enhanced antibacterial activities when compared to the parent ligands and compete well with oxytetracyclin, a renowned antibiotic.<#LINE#>Joel T. (2007).@Piperaquine: Bioanalysis, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics.@Elsevier Ltd, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), and American Society for Microbiology, 1, 1-71. ISBN: 978-91-628-7233-5@Yes$Ayipo Y.O., Obaleye J.A. and Badeggi U.M. (2017).@Novel metal complexes of mixed piperaquine-acetylsalicylic acid; synthesis, characterization and anti microbial activities.@J.Turkishchemical society, 4(1), 313-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.287331@Yes$Pubchem Open Chemistry Data base (2018).@Piperaquine, Sulfadoxine, Pyrimethamine.@https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/@No$Shruti S.S., Jadhav W.N., Khade B.C. and Arbad B.R. (2014).@Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of Some 3d Metal Complexes of Sulfadoxine.@International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(4), 2291-2294. http://www.sphinxsai.com/framesphinxsaichemtech.htm@Yes$Thaitong S. (1983).@Clones of different sensitivities in drug resistant isolates of plasmodium Falciparum.@J. Bull W.H.O, 61(4), 709-712. www.malariaresearch.eu@Yes$Rafique S., Idrees M., Nasim A., Akbar H. and Athar A. (2010).@Transition metal complexes as potential therapeutic agents.@J. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 5(2), 38-45. http://www.academicjournals.org/BMBR@Yes$Adedeji J.F., Olayinka E.T., Adebayo M.A. and Babatunde O. (2009).@Antimalarial mixed ligand metal complexes: synthesis, physicochemical and biological and biological activities.@J.phys.sci., 4(9), 529-534. http://www.academicjournals.org/ijps@Yes$Peter A. A. and Gabriel K. (2008).@Synthesis, characterization, antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of some metal(III) complexes of sulfadiazine.@Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 22(2), 261-268. DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v22i2.61295@Yes$Varbanov H., Valiahdi S.M., Legin A.A., Jakupec M.A., Roller A., Galanski M. and Keppler B.K. (2011).@Synthesis and characterization of novel bis (carboxylato) dichloridobis (ethylamine) platinum (IV) complexes with higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin.@European journal of medicinal chemistry, 46(11), 5456-5464. 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.006@Yes$Osunniran W.A., Obaleye J.A., Ayipo Y.O., Rajee A.O. and Enemose E.A. (2018).@Six Coordinate Transition Metal (II) Complexes of Mixed Ligands of Eflornithine Hydrochloride Hydrate and 2, 2-Bipyridine: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study.@Jordan Journal of Chemistry, 13(3), 149-157.@Yes$Egan T.J., Koch K.R., Swan P.L., Clarkson C., Van Schalkwyk D.A. and Smith P.J. (2004).@In vitro antimalarial activity of a series of cationic 2, 2 '-bipyridyl-and 1, 10-phenanthrolineplatinum (II) benzoylthiourea complexes.@Journal of medicinal chemistry, 47(11), 2926-2934. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm031132g@Yes$Kas&#711;parkova J., Novakova O., Vr&aacute;na O., Intini F., Natile G. and Brabec V. (2006).@Molecular aspects of antitumor effects of a new platinum (IV) drug.@Molecular pharmacology, 70(5), 1708-1719. 10.1124/mol.106.027730@Yes$Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. and Denney R.C. (1989).@Quantitative Chemical Analysis.@5th Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 339, 480-485.@Yes$Cervato G., Carabelli M., Gervasio S., Cittera A., Cazzola R. and Cestaro B. (2000).@Antioxbdant properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf extracts.@Journal of Food Biochemistry, 24(6), 453-465. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/ 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2000.tb00715.x@Yes$Obaleye J.A., Amolegbe S.A. and Gbotoso G.O. (2006).@Synthesis and characterization of some metal complexes against malaria parasite.@J.Sci & National Development., 114-119.@No$Majthoub A., Elsewedy E.M., El-Sayed M.Y., Adam A.M. A. and Refat M.S. (2017).@Synthesis of New Cadmium (II) Antipyretic Drug.@research journal of pharmaceutical biological and chemical sciences, 8(1), 639-645. ISSN: 0975-8585.@Yes$Gupta H.K. and Dikshit S.K. (1985).@Palladium (II), platinum (II) and platinum (IV) complexes of 2-mercapto-3-phenyl-4-quinazolinone: Reactions of palladium (II) chloride and platinum (IV) chloride with 2-mercapto-3-phenyl-4-quinazolinone in the presence and absence of variousN-heterocyclic bases.@Transition Metal Chemistry, 10(12), 469-472.@Yes$Miessler G.L., Fischer P.J. and Tarr D.A. (2014).@Inorganic Chemistry 5th Edition.@Pearson Educ. Inc., USA, 314-320. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-81105-4@Yes$Pavia D.L., Lampman G.M. and Kriz G.S. (2001).@Introduction to Spectroscopy 3rd Edition.@Thomson Learning Inc., USA, Page 29, 109-152, 167-189, 357. ISBN: 0-03-031961-7@Yes$Swihart D.L. and Mason W.R. (1970).@Electronic Spectra of Octahedral Platinum (IV) Complexes.@Inorg. Che., 9 (7), 1749-1757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50089a029@Yes$Kunkely H. and Vogler A. (1991).@Transition Metal and Rare Earth Compounds.@Inorg. Chim Acta, 186, 155, 90. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44447-5@No$Al-Adilee K. and Dakheel K. (2018).@Synthesis, Spectral and Biological Studies of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) Complexes with New Heterocyclic ligand Derived from Azo-Schiff Bases Dyes.@Eurasian J. Anal Chem, 13(5), em64. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejac/97267@No$Al-Hazmi A., Warren J., Amartey S.S. and Qin W. (2014).@Discovery, Modification and Production of L4 Lysozyme for Industrial and Medical Uses.@International Journal of Biology, 6(4), 9. https://doi.org/10.5539/ ijb.v6n4p45@No$Jain P.K., Ghosh D., Baer R., Rabani E. and Alivisatos A. P. (2012).@Near-field Manipulation of Spectroscopic Selection Rules on Nanoscale.@PNAS, 109(21), 8016- 8019. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1121319109@Yes$UCI. (2018).@Crystal Structure Analysis: X-ray diffraction, Electron diffraction, Neutron diffraction, Essence of diffraction: Bragg's diffraction, Reading.@West 5, A/M 5-6, G/S 3. https://www.chem.uci.edu/~lawm/263%204.pdf@No$Speakman S.A. (2018).@Estimating crystallite size using XRD.@MIT Centre for materials science and engineering, 3-8. http://prism.mit.edu/xray@Yes$Falak S. (2010).@Crystal Structure Determination I, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science.@Khwarzimi Science Society. www.khwarzimic.org@No$Bragg's Law (2018).@Braggs.@xlsx. www.ccp14.ac.uk/ ccp/bca-spreadsheets@No$Gavhane V.S., Rajbhoj A.S. and Gaikwad S.T. (2015).@X-ray Diffraction Study and Biological Analysis of Transition Metal Complexes of N-4-Disubstituted Thiosemicrbazone.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 5(12), 33-37. www.isca.in@No$Rigaku (2018).@Integrated X-ray powder diffraction software for more advanced analysis.@Rigaku PDXL XRD analysis software.pdf. www.rigaku.com/service/pdxl@No$Touchstone (2018).@X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis.@INOVATIA. https://thegoodinside.com/wp-content/uploads/ X-ray_Diffraction_Analysis.pdf@No$Hussain R. and Juneja H.D. (2009).@X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Some Chelate Polymers of Adipic Acid.@Int. J.  Chem. Sci., 7(2), 632-638. https://www.tsijournals.com/ artiles@No$Ukey V.V., Rewatkar K.G., Borkar S.D., Bonde A.D., Naz S. and Juneja H.D. (2005).@X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Some Chelate Polymers of Hydroxamic Acid.@Int. J.  Chem. Sci., 5(2), 229-236. https://www.tsijournals.com/ artiles@No$Garg A. and Gurao N. (2018).@X-ray Diffraction: Principles and Practice.@Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. https://www.iitk.ac.in/XRD_AGNPG@No$Qing W., Yan M., Xin L., Shan L. and Hu L. (2015).@X-ray powder diffraction data of piperaquine.@Camb. Core J. Powder Diffraction, 30(3), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715615000524@No$Hyde T. (2008).@Crystallite Size Analysis of Supported Platinum Catalyst by XRD.@Platinum Metals Rev., 52(2), 129-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1595/ 147106708X299547@Yes$Badakhshan M.P., Subramanion L.J., Lachimanan Y.L., Yeng C. and Sreenivasan S. (2012).@Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extracts of Different Pats of Lantana camara.@Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2(12), 960-965. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2221-1691(13)60007-6@Yes$Naima S., Muhammad R.K. and Maria S. (2012).@Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extract Torilis leptophylla L.@BMC Complement Altern Med., 12, 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1472-6882-12-221@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Ile Malaria infection among blood donors in Eldmazin Town, Blue Nile State Sudan<#LINE#>A.M.@Elrazig ,A.M.@Zein ,M.A.@Adris ,E.I.@Salah ,A.M.@Abderrhman  <#LINE#>40-42<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2018-065.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Blue Nile, Sudan@Departments of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Dongola, Sudan@Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universityof Al-Butana, Sudan@Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Blue Nile, Sudan@Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sudan<#LINE#>28/11/2018<#LINE#>6/6/2019<#LINE#>The study was conducted at Eldamazin town, the capital of the Blue Nile State which is located 525Km South of Khartoum the capital of Sudan. The State extends from Sinnar State in the North, bordering Ethiopia in the East and the Upper Nile State into the West and South. It is an agricultural and postural state. The population of this state is 861000 persons (census, 2009) most of them are farmers and animal breeders. This study was aim to determine the prevalence and species of malaria infection among blood donors who attending to the teaching hospital. One hundred males' subjects were investigated during period from July up to October 2010. Their age range between (19-40) years. Two malaria tests were used thick and thin blood films and Immuochromatoghic test (ICT). The percentage of infected were (12%) subject by p. falciparum. The high prevalence of malaria p.falciparum among age group was found to be in (<25) years, no significant difference in the prevalence between married (5%) group and single (7%) Table-1, and no other risk factors previous blood transfusion, was found to be significant. There was no significant difference observed between two techniques used for detection malaria BFFM and ICI. The BFF has highest combined sensitivity and specifies. We concluded that the highest prevalence of malaria among age group (&#8804; 25) years and (26-0) years.<#LINE#>Bruce (1982).@Chwalt L: Transfusion malaria.@revisited Trop .Dis .Bull, 79, 827-840.@No$Bruce (1985).@Chawat LJ: transfusion Malaria Bull WHO.@50, 337-346.@No$de Silva M., Contreras M. and Barbara J. (1988).@Two cases of transfusion&#8208;transmitted malaria (TTM) in the UK.@Transfusion, 28(1), 86-86.@Yes$Chiodini P.L., Hartley S., Hewitt P.E., Barbara J.A., Lalloo K., Bligh J. and Voller A. (1997).@Evaluation of a malaria antibody ELISA and its value in reducing potential wastage of red cell donations from blood donors exposed to malaria, with a note on a case of transfusion&#8208;transmitted malaria.@Vox sanguinis, 73(3), 143-148.@Yes$Mungai M., Tegtmeier G., Chamberland M. and Parise M. (2001).@Transfusion transmitted malaria in the United State from 1963 through 1999.@Engl J Med, 344, 1973-1978.@Yes$Nda M. Bandyera E., Kooskin E., Gyorko T.W. and Maclean (2004). J Clin Microbiol.@undefined@undefined@No$Van Be T., Tran P.N., Van Hien L., O@Screening donor blood for malaria by polymerase chain reaction.@Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89(1), 44-47.@Yes$Noedl H., Yingyuen K., Laoboonchai A., Fukuda M., Sirichaisinthop J. and Miller R.S. (2006).@Sensitivity and specificity of an antigen detection ELISA for malaria diagnosis.@The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 75(6), 1205-1208.@Yes$Bakri Y.M., Nour M.D., Petra F., means Bsc, Msc, Osman K, Saeed MD, Ahmed A., Mohamed MD and Henk DF, Schalling, Msc PhD (2007).@Screening of blood bank sample: for presence of malaria and quantitive nucleic acids sequences- based amplification QI-NASBA) assay transfusion alternatives in transfusion medicine.@J, 9, 120- 125.@No
@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Recent progress in Bio-based renewable food packaging with advancement in barrier property enhancement and traceability a complete state of the art<#LINE#>L.I.@Chiemenem ,K.@Nwosu-Obieogu ,C.H.@Obasi ,F.O.@Aguele , C.K.@Uduma,K.F.@Adekunle  <#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2019-005.pdf<#LINE#>Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria@Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria@Polymer and Textile Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria@Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria@Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria@Chemical Engineering Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria<#LINE#>31/1/2019<#LINE#>10/6/2019<#LINE#>Recently, progress in food packaging materials has increased tremendously. From mineral based materials to biodegradable or renewable materials for continued food security and protection especially in enhancing barrier properties. This paper x-rays the technologies/techniques available for modern food storage/packaging and the comparative advantages derivable from their applications over the conventional methods. In this case, ways are suggested to ensure the substitution of olefin based polymers with renewable and compostable polymers, even edible polymers to suit recent technological advancements. With the recent age of globalisation, food packaging is receiving more and better attention. Aside just food safety and better quality by strict monitoring, adoption of polymer nanotechnology can avail new materials for packaging. The self-assembly of polymers and nanoparticles into a variety of nanostructures and nano patterns at interfaces can be utilised in this concept. For instance, by the adoption of bottom-up self-assembly and self-organisation methodologies from liquid phases. This would create thin and ultra-thin films of polymers and nano particles; which are fabricated by simple methods like dip coating, spin-coating, casting and droplet evaporation. With these, directed and controlled fabrication of thin-film based nanostructures and nano patterns on surfaces are developed. These materials exhibit enhanced mechanical and other improved barrier properties, coupled with nanosensors and the use of internet of things for tracking food condition while in storage and on transit.<#LINE#>Lopez-Rubio J.M. (2011).@Nanotechnology for bioplastics: Opportunities, challenges, and strategies.@Trends in Food Science and Technology, 22, 611-617.@Yes$Clara Silvestre D.D. (2011).@Food packaging based on polymer nanomaterials.@Progress in Polymer Science, 36, 1766-1782.@Yes$Omanovic-Miklicanin E.M. M.-V. (2018). Application of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging. Workshop.@undefined@undefined@No$Maksimovi&#263; M., Vujovi&#263; V. and Omanovi&#263;-Mikli&#263; anin E. (2015).@Application of internet of things in food packaging and transportation.@International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 1(4), 333-350.@Yes$Wesley S.J., Raja P., Raj A.A. and Tiroutchelvamae D. (2014).@Review on-nanotechnology applications in food packaging and safety.@Int J Eng Res, 3(11), 645-651.@Yes$Vaclavik V.A. (2014). Essentials of Food Science (4th uppl.). New York.@undefined@undefined@No$Barnes G. (2014).@H&auml;mtat fr&aring;n Smart Packaging - From the shelf and diary case to the Internet of Things.@www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140820195338-593628-smart-packaging-from-the-shelf-and-diary-case-to-the-internet-of-things den 15 October 2015@No$Kuswandi B., Wicaksono Y., Abdullah A., Heng L.Y. and Ahmad M. (2011).@Smart Packaging: Sensors for monitoring of food quality and safety.@Sensory and Instrumentation for food quality., 5(3), 137-146.@Yes$Jabeen N., Majid I. and Nayik G.A. (2015).@Bioplastics and food packaging: A review.@Cogent Food & Agriculture, 1(1), 1117749.@Yes$Nanou Peelman P.R. (2013).@Application of Bioplastics fo rFood Packaging.@Trends in Food Science and Technology, 32, 128-141.@Yes$Siracusa V., Rocculi P., Romani S. and Dalla Rosa M. (2008).@Biodegradable Polymers for Food Packaging.@Trends in Food Science and Technology, 12(19), 634-643.@Yes$Song J.H., Murphy R.J., Narayan R. and Davies G.B.H. (2009).@Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics.@Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: Biological sciences, 364(1526), 2127-2139.@Yes$Lagaron J.M. and Lopez-Rubio A. (2011).@Nanotechnology for Bioplastics: Opportunities, challenges, and strategies.@Trends in Food Science and Technology, 22, 611-617.@Yes$K.M. (2010).@Biobased verpakkingen: antwoorden op vragen van eindgebruikers.@VMT Conference. Green Packaging.@No$Haugaard V.K. (2011).@Food biopackaging, in biobased packaging materials for the food industry e status and perspectives.@Copenhagen.@No$Reguera J., Lagaron J.M., Alonso M., Reboto V., Calvo B. and Rodr&iacute;guez-Cabello J.C. (2003).@Thermal behaviour and kinetic analysis of the chain unfolding and refolding and of the concomitant nonpolar solvation and desolvation of two elastin-like polymers.@Macromolecules, 36, 8470-8476.@Yes$Bogaert J.C. (2000).@Poly(lactic acids): a potential solution to waste dilemma.@153(1), 287-303.@Yes$Jamshidian M.T. (2010).@Poly-lactic acid: production, applications, nanocomposites, and release studies.@Comprehensive reviews in food science and safety, 9(5), 552-571.@Yes$Rasal R.M. (2010).@Poly(lactic acid) modifications.@Progress in Polymer Science, 35(3), 338-356.@Yes$Mensitieri G.D. (2011).@Processing and shelf life issues of selected food packaging materials and structures from renewable resources.@Trend in Food Science and Technology, 22(2-3), 72-80.@Yes$Chivrac F.P. (2009).@Progress in nano-biocomposites based on polysaccharides and nano clays.@Materials Science and Engineering R, 67(1), 1-17.@Yes$Singh R. (2011).@Facts, Growth, and Opportunities in Industrial Biotechnology.@Organic Process Research and Development, 15(1), 175-179.@Yes$Zepnik S.K. (2010).@Basics of Cellulosics.@Bioplastics Magazine, 1, 44-47.@No$M&uuml;ller C.M., Laurindo J.B. and Yamashita F. (2011).@Effect of nanoclay incorporation method on mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of starch-based films.@Industrial Crops and Products, 33(3), 605-610.@Yes$Shen L., Haufe J. and Patel M.K. (2009).@Product overview and market projection of emerging bio-based plastics PRO-BIP 2009.@Report for European polysaccharide network of excellence (EPNOE) and European bioplastics, 243. http://en.european-bioplastics.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/publications/PROBIP2009_Final_June_2009.pdf. October 2012@Yes$Cyras V.P., Soledad C.M. and Anal&iacute;a V. (2009).@Biocomposites based on renewable resource: acetylated and non acetylated cellulose cardboard coated with polyhydroxybutyrate.@Polymer, 50(26), 6274-6280.@Yes$Yu L., Dean K. and Li L. (2006).@Polymer blends and composites from renewable resources.@Progress in Polymer Science, 31(6), 576-602.@Yes$Modi S.J. (2010).@Assessing the Feasibility of Poly-(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Valerate) (PHBV) and Poly-(Lactic Acid) for Potential Food Packaging Applications.@@Yes$Iotti M., Fabbri P., Messori M., Pilati F. and Fava P. (2009).@Organic-inorganic hybrid coatings for the modification of barrier properties of poly (lactic acid) films for food packaging applications.@Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 17(1), 10-19.@Yes$Hirvikorpi T., V&auml;h&auml;-Nissi M., Nikkola J., Harlin A. and Karppinen M. (2011).@Thin Al2O3 barrier coatings onto temperature-sensitive packaging materials by atomic layer deposition.@Surface and Coatings Technology, 205, 5088-5092.@Yes$Rhim J.W., Lee J.H. and Ng P.K. (2007).@Mechanical and barrier properties of biodegradable soy protein isolate-based films coated with polylactic acid.@Food Science and Technology, 40(2), 232-238.@Yes$Popa M. (2007).@Packaging.@Food Safety, 1, 68-87.@Yes$Wilder C. (2015).@What Does Food Packaging Have To Do With Big Data And The Internet Of Things?.@http://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2015/10/01/what-does-food-packaging-have-to-do-with-big-data-and-the-internet-of-things/2/. What does food packaging have to do with big data and internet of things? H&auml;mtat den 23 October 2015@No$Arora A. (2010).@Nanocomposites in food packaging. A review.@Journal of food science, 75(1), 43-49.@Yes$Damme H.V. (2008).@Nanocomposites: the end of compromise.@(P. H. C. Brechignac, Red.) Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry, 348-380.@Yes$Kumar P.S. (2011).@A review of experimental and modelling techniques to determine properties biopolymer-based nanocomposites.@Journal of Food Science, 2-14.@No$Sanchez-Garcia M.D. (2010).@Novel clay-based nanobiocomposites of biopolyesters with a synergistic barrier to UV light, gas, and vapour.@Journal of applied polymer science, 118(1), 188-199.@Yes$Sanchez-Garcia M.D. and Lagaron J.M. (2010).@On the use of plant cellulose nanowhiskers to enhance the barrier properties of polylactic acid.@Cellulose, 17(5), 987-1004.@Yes$Park H.M., Li X., Jin C.Z., Park C.Y., Cho W.J. and Ha C. S. (2002).@Preparation and properties of biodegradable thermoplastic starch/clay hybrids.@Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 287(8), 553-558.@Yes$De Moura M.R., Avena&#8208;Bustillos R.J., McHugh T.H., Krochta J.M. and Mattoso L.H.C. (2008).@Properties of novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films containing chitosan nanoparticles.@Food Science, 73(7), 31-37.@Yes$Bentz K.C. (2011).@Synthesis and characterization of linear and branched polylactic acid for use in food packaging applications.@H&auml;mtat fr&aring;n http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/578. den 10 October 2012@Yes$Cabedo L.F. (2006).@Optimisation of nanocomposites based on a PLA/PCL blends for food packaging applications.@Macromolecular Symposia, 191-197.@No$M&uuml;ller C.M., Laurindo J.B. and Yamashita F. (2009).@Effect of cellulose fibres addition on the mechanical properties and water vapour barrier of starch-based films.@Food Hydrocolloids, 23(5), 1328-1333.@Yes$Dias A.B., M&uuml;ller C.M., Larotonda F.D. and Laurindo J.B. (2011).@Mechanical and barrier properties of composite films based on rice flour and cellulose fibres.@Food Science and Technology, 44, 535-542.@Yes$Kristo E. and Biliaderis C.G. (2007).@Physical properties of starch nanocrystal-reinforced pullulan films.@Carbohydrate Polymers, 68(1), 146-158.@Yes$Cyras V.P., Commisso M.S., Mauri A.N. and V&aacute;zquez A. (2007).@Biodegradable double&#8208;layer films based on biological resources: Polyhydroxybutyrate and cellulose.@Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106(2), 749-756.@Yes$Petersson L.A. (2006).@Biopolymer based nanocomposites: comparing layered silicates and microcrystalline cellulose as nano reinforcement.@Composites Science and Technology, 66(13), 2187-2196.@Yes$Thiebaud S.A. (1997).@Properties of fatty-acid esters of starch and their blends with LDPE.@Applied Polymer Science, 65(5), 705-721.@Yes$Suyatma N.E., Copinet A., Tighzert L. and Coma V. (2004).@Mechanical and barrier properties of biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly (lactic acid) blends.@Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 12(1), 1-6.@Yes$Zhang L., Xiong C. and Deng X. (1996).@Miscibility, crystallization and morphology of poly (&#946;-hydroxybutyrate)/poly (d, l-lactide) blends.@Polymer, 37(2), 235-241.@Yes$Kim J.K., Jo C., Park H.J. and Byun M.W. (2008).@Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of a starch-based film.@Food Hydrocolloids, 22(2), 248-254.@Yes$Wu Y., Geng F., Chang P.R., Yu J. and Ma X. (2009).@Effect of agar on the microstructure and performance of potato starch film.@Carbohydrate Polymers, 76(2), 299-304.@Yes$Fam&aacute; L., Gerschenson L. and Goyanes S. (2009).@Starch-vegetable fibre composites to protect food products.@Carbohydrate polymers, 75(2), 230-235.@Yes$Ghanbarzadeh B., Almasi H. and Entezami A.A. (2011).@Improving the barrier and mechanical properties of corn starch-based edible films: Effect of citric acid and carboxymethyl cellulose.@Industrial Crops and products, 33(1), 229-235.@Yes$Shi R., Bi J., Zhang Z., Zhu A., Chen D., Zhou X. and Tian W. (2008).@The effect of citric acid on the structural properties and cytotoxicity of the polyvinyl alcohol/starch films when molding at high temperature.@Carbohydrate polymers, 74(4), 763-770.@Yes$Fang J.M., Fowler P.A., Escrig C., Gonzalez R., Costa J. A. and Chamudis L. (2005).@Development of biodegradable laminate films derived from naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers.@Carbohydrate polymers, 60(1), 39-42.@Yes$Demirg&ouml;z D., Elvira C., Mano J.F., Cunha A.M., Piskin E. and Reis R.L. (2000).@Chemical modification of starch based biodegradable polymeric blends: effects on water uptake, degradation behaviour and mechanical properties.@Polymer Degradation and Stability, 70(2), 161-170.@Yes$Kim M. and Lee S.J. (2002).@Characteristics of crosslinked potato starch and starch-filled linear low-density polyethylene films.@Carbohydrate Polymers, 50(4), 331-337.@Yes$Gennadios A., Weller C.L. and Testin R.F. (1993).@Modification of physical and barrier properties of edible wheat gluten-based films.@Biological Systems Engineering, 70(4), 425-429.@Yes$Rhim J.W., Gennadios A., Fu D., Weller C.L. and Hanna M.A. (1999).@Properties of ultraviolet irradiated protein films.@LWT-Food Science and Technology, 32(3), 129-133.@Yes$Miller T. (2013).@Electron launches wireless food safety monitoring system (online).@http://www. foodqualitynews.com/ R-D/electron-launches-wireless-food-safety-monitoring-system?utm_source=copyright&utm_medium=onsite&utm_campaign=copyright . 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