@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Microencapsulation and characterization of astaxanthin prepared using different agents<#LINE#>V. @Suganya,V. @Anuradha,M. Syed @Ali,P. @Sangeetha,P. @Bhuvana <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2017-079.pdf<#LINE#>PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India@PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India@PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India@PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India@PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>20/10/2017<#LINE#>16/12/2017<#LINE#>The present study was implemented to check the best methods for encapsulation of astaxanthin and characterized. Astaxanthin is present in microalgae, yeast, salmon, crayfish, shrimp, crustaceans etc. It has wide application as an animal feed, food colorant and dietary supplement for human to cure many diseases. Encapsulated astaxanthin was prepared using sodium alginate, chitosan, TPP and liposomes as various encapsulating agents. The encapsulated Astaxanthin prepared using different methods were analysed for Morphological changes, percentage yield, drug content, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. SEM view of encapsulated astaxanthin was predicted in which all the encapsulated beads formed showed minimum size of 1.522 to 15.21 µm. FT-IR analysis showed the presence of aldehyde, ketone, amines related to both chemicals used and astaxanthin. The percentage yield of ME 1, ME 2, ME 3 and ME 4 was founded to be 87.67±0.577%, 87.00±1.000%, 90.67±0.577%  and 93.67±2.08% respectively. From drug content estimation it is established that maximum drug content was achieved by ME 4 (91.33 ± 1.528%) and minimum by ME 2(74.00±1.000%). In vitro drug release was performed in both Stimulated gastric fluid and Stimulated intestinal fluid. Both showed better results. Astaxanthin encapsulated microspheres were prepared by different methods. The encapsulated astaxanthin was analyzed for size, morphology and drug release behavior was studied. Thus astaxanthin loaded microspheres can be used in novel drug delivery systems.<#LINE#>Ipemtech (2009).@The industrial partnering event in microencapsulation technologies.@Available at: http://www.gate2tech.com/article.@No$Vyas S.P. and Khar R.K. (2002).@Targeted and controlled drug delivery, New Delhi, India.@CBS Publisher and Distributer, 2002.@No$Bakan J.A. (1991).@Microencapsulation.@In: Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL, editors. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, 3rd ed. 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@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Preparation of soy protein concentrates by different treatment processes<#LINE#>Shumaila @Usman,Ammara @Yasmeen,Saima @Nazir,Shaista J. @Khan,Sakhawat @Ali,Imran @Kalim <#LINE#>11-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2017-077.pdf<#LINE#>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan@Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan@Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan@Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan@Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan@Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>26/9/2017<#LINE#>2/12/2017<#LINE#>This study aimed to develop soy protein concentrate (SPC) from soybean. SPC was produced using different concentration of acetic and citric acid (40, 50 and 60%), purpose of developing the concentrate and residue was to get value add products rich in protein and fiber. The experimental work was also carried out to determine the chemical compositions of whole soybean seed, defatted soybean, SPC and soy protein residue (SPR) by proximate analysis i.e. moisture, ash, fat, fiber and protein contents. Citric acid and acetic acid being edible acids were used to get highest protein content of soy protein concentrate and to see the maximum yield as well. High protein content of 87.49% was obtained from SPC with 60% citric acid concentration and high fiber content of 13.36% was obtained from SPR with 50% citric acid concentration. While in case of acetic acid, high protein content of 69.81%, and high fiber content of 10.50% were obtained with 60% and 40% acetic acid. The protein content obtained from SPC was significantly higher than from SPR. Unlike the protein content, high fiber was found only in SPR in both the acids used.<#LINE#>Porter C.L. (1959).@Taxonomy of flowering plants, elected orders and families of dicotyledons.@W.H. Freeman and company San Francisco and London, 1, 286, 292.@No$Adam Cloe (2011).@Soy protein concentrates.@Medical center United States soybean Export Council soy protein concentrate, 1-1.@No$Mounts T.L., Wolf W.J. and Martinez W.H. (1987).@Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses.@In: Madison, Wis: The Amer. Soc. Agronomy, 819-860.@Yes$Keshun L. (1999).@Soybean, Chemistry, Technology and Utilization.@Apsen, 72, 76.@No$Young V.R. (1991).@Soy protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition.@Journal of American Dietetics Association, 91(7), 828-835.@Yes$Circle S.J. and Smith A.K. (1978).@Processing soy flours, protein concentrates, and protein isolates.@In: Smith AK, Circle SJ, editors. 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(2005).@Soy protein concentrates of varying isoflavones content exert minor effects on serum reproductive hormones in healthy young men.@J. Nutr., 135(3), 584-591.@Yes$Nawfal I., Edwina M., Morteza J., William J.E. and Vernon R.Y. (2012).@The nutritional value of soy protein concentrate (STAPRO-3200) for long term protein nutritional maintenance in young Men.@J. Nutr., 113(12), 2524-2534.@Yes$Chang J.H., Kim M.S., Kim T.W. and Lee S.S. (2008).@Effects of soybean supplementation on blood glucose, plasma lipid levels, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.@Nutr Res Pract Autumn., 2(3), 152-157.@Yes$Godvin V.J. and Spensley P.C. (1967).@Oil and oil seed, soybean.@Tropical Products Institute, London, Englad. 1(32), 1-7.@No$Hocine L., Boye L.J.I. and Arcand Y. 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A comprehensive review on secondary metabolites of Nigella sativa L (Seeds)<#LINE#>Gupta @Meenal,Mehta @B.K. <#LINE#>16-29<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2017-070.pdf<#LINE#>School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, MP, India @School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, MP, India<#LINE#>13/8/2017<#LINE#>29/11/2017<#LINE#>Nigella sativa L. synthesizes and accumulates a variety of biological active secondary metabolites. Due to various substances isolated and identified the claim made in traditional medicinal system. Seeds are generally called kalongi (Ranunculacae) is an annual flowering plant, originate from S. W. Asia. Seeds and NSO showed as a folk medicine for a prehistoric usage in all systems of medicines and are used as food also. This comprehensive account provides a botanical distribution of plant, chemical constituents and pharmacological potential are reviewed and summarized the information focusing on its wide spectrum biological and medicinal properties including anti-tumor, antipyretic, analgesic, antinematode, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic and anti- bacterial as well as dietary nutritive supplements and also focused on  synthesis and properties of nanopaticles due to secondary metabolites show reducing and stabilizing activity.<#LINE#>Sezik E., Yesilad E., Honda G., Takaishi Y., Takoda Y. and Tanaka T. (2001).@Traditional medicine in turkey folk medicine in Central Anatolia.@J. Ethnopharmacol., 75(2), 95-115.@Yes$Satyavati G.V. and Gupta A.K. (1987).@Medicinal Plants of India.@2, 337-340.@No$Khan M.A. and Afzal M. (2016).@Chemical composition of Nigella sativa Linn: Part 2 Recent advances.@Inflammopharmacol, 24(2-3), 67-79.@Yes$Khan M.A., Chen H.C., Tania M. and Zhang D. 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(1986).@Flavonoids, Marqueurs Systematiques chez les Renonculacees.@Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie, 20, 275-86.@No$Merfort I., Wray V., Barakat H.H., Hussen S.A.M.,  Nawwar M.A.M. and Willuhn G. (1997).@Flavonol triglycosides from seeds of Nigella sativa.@Phytochemistry, 46(2), 359-363.@Yes$Fico G., Braca A., Tome F. and Morelli I. (2001).@A new phenolic compound from Nigella damascene seeds.@Fitoterapia, 72(4), 462-463.@Yes$Hao H.F., Ren L.J. and Chen Y.M. (1996).@Studies on the chemical constituents of seeds from Nigella Glandulifera.@Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 31(9), 689-694.@Yes$Rahman A., Malik S., Hassan S., Choudhary M.I., Ni C.Z. and  Clardy J. (1995).@Nigellidine: A new indazole alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa.@Tetrahedr. Lett., 36(12), 1993-96.@Yes$Sohail M., Ahmed S., Choudhary M.I. and Ur-Rahman H. (1985).@Nigellimine-N-oxide: A new isoquinoline alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa.@Heterocycles, 23(4), 953-955.@Yes$Rahman A., Malik S. and Zaman K. (1992).@Nigellimine: A new isoquinoline alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa.@J. Nat. Prod., 55(5), 676-78.@Yes$Rahman A., Malik S., Cun-Heng H. and Clardy J. (1985).@Isolation and structure determination of Nigellicine, a novel alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa.@Tetrahedr. Lett., 26(23), 2759-62.@Yes$Morikawa T., Xu F., Kashima Y., Matsuda H., Ninomiya K. and Yoshikawa M. (2004).@Novel dolabellane-typediterpene alkaloids with lipid metabolism promoting activities from the seeds of Nigella sativa.@Organic Lett., 6(6), 869-872.@Yes$Yessuf A.M. (2015).@Phytochemical Extraction and Screening of Bio Active Compounds from Black Cumin  (Nigella Sativa) Seeds Extract.@American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(5), 358-364.@Yes$Salama R.B. (1973).@Sterols in the seeds oil of Nigella sativa.@Planta Medica, 24(4), 375-77.@Yes$Mehta B.K., Pandit V. and Gupta M. 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(1952).@Vitamin C content in green plants with special references to the content of dihydro ascorbic acid.@Pharmazie, 7(12), 776-780.@Yes$Mahfouz M. and El-Dakhakhny M. (1960).@The isolation of a crystalline active principle from Nigella sativa L. seeds.@Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the United Arab Republic, 19.@Yes$Hassib A. (1998).@Sudan, Extraction of melanin from Nigella sativa L.@Khartoum, Patent No. 451(1998).@Yes$El-Oeid A., Hassib A., Ponten F. and Westermark B. (2006).@Effect of herbal melanin on IL-8: A ossible role of Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4).@Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun., 344, 1200-1206.@Yes$Prota G. (1988).@Progress in the chemistry of melanins and related metabolites.@Medical Research Review, 8(4), 525-556.@Yes$Pezzella A., d@An integrated approach to the structure of Sepia melanin. Evidence for a high proportion of degraded 5, 6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid units in the pigment backbone.@Tetrahedron, 53(24), 8281-8286.@Yes$Kaskoos R.A. 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Commun., 417(2), 864-868.@Yes$Parvardeh S., Fatehi M. and Hosseinzadeh H. (2003).@Antimicrobial effect of thymoquinone: The major component of Nigella sativa seeds in mice.@Faslnamah-I Giyahan-I Daruyi  (Parsian), 742(5), 43-50.@Yes$Hosseinzadeh H. and Parvardeh S. (2004).@Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds in mice.@Phytomedicine, 11(1), 56-64.@Yes$Parverdeh S. and Fatehi M. (2003).@Effect of thymoqunone and Nigella sativa seeds oil on Lipid peroxidation level during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus.@Pharmaceutical Biology (Taylor and Francies, Netherland), 41(8), 616-621.@No$Islam S.K., Nazrul B.P., Ahsan T., Huque S. and Ahsan S. (2004).@Immunosupressive and Cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa.@Phytother. Res., 18(5), 395-398.@Yes$Majdalawieh A.F. and Fayyad M.W. (2016).@Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive.@J. Ayurveda. Integr. 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(2013).@Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds lacks the hemopreventive efficacy in the post initiation phase of DMH-induced colon cancer in a rat model.@Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 4, 222-230.@Yes$Majdalawieh A.F., Hmaidan R. and Carr R.I. (2010).@Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity.@J. Ethnopharmacol., 131(2), 268-275.@Yes$Taha R.A.M. (2004).@Egyptian, Spasmolytic and calcium antagonist activities of thymoquinone.@J. Biomed. Sci., 16, 152-167.@Yes$El Tahir K.E.H., Al-Ajmi M.F. and Al Bakairi A.M. (2003).@Some cardiovascular effects of the Dethymoquinonated  Nigella sativa volatile oil and its major components &#945;-pinene and p- cymene in rats.@Saudi  Pharmaceutical J., 11(3), 104-110.@Yes$Morikawa T., Xu F., Kashima Y., Matsuda H. and Yoshikawa M. (2004).@Nigellamines A3, A4, A5 and C,  new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, with lipid metabolism-promoting activities from the Egyptian medicinal food black cumin.@Chemical Pharmaceutical Bullatin, 52(4), 494-97.@Yes$Zaher K.S., Ahmed W.M. and Zerizer S.N. (2008).@Observations on the biological effects of black       cumin seed (Nigella sativa) and green tea (Camellia sinensis).@Global Veterinaria, 2(4), 198-204.@Yes$Toma C.C., Olah N.K., Vlase L., Mogo&#537;an C. and Mocan A. (2015).@Comparative Studies on Polyphenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Diuretic Effects of Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin) and Nigella damascena L.  (Lady-in-a-Mist) Seeds.@Molecules, 20, 9560-9574.@Yes$Salem M.L. and Hossain M.S. (2000).@Protective effect of black seed oil from Nigella sativa against murine cytomegalovirus infection.@Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 22 (9), 729-740.@Yes$Goga A., Hasi&#263; S., Be&#263;irovi&#263; S. and &#262;avar S. 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(2003).@The in vivo antifungal activity of   the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seed.@Phytother. Res., 17, 183-186.@Yes$Alqorashi A., Akhtar N. and Aljabre S. (2007).@The effect of thymoquinone and B on the growth of Aspergillus Niger.@Sci. J. King Faisal Univ., 8(1), 137-145.@No$Aljabre S.H.M., Randhawa M.A., Akhtar A., Alakloby O. M., Alqurashi A.M. and Aldossary A. (2005).@Antidermatophyte activity of ether extract of Nigella sativa and its active principle, thymoquinone.@J.     Ethnopharmacol., 101, 116-119.@Yes$Aljabre S.H.M. (2005).@In vitro antifungal activity of thymoqyuinone against Scopulariopsis brevicaulis.@Arab  J. Pharm. Sci., 3, 27-33.@Yes$Al-Shebani W.H. and Al-Tahan F.J. (2009).@Anti-inflammatory effect of watery suspension  of  Nigella sativa Linn(seeds) in mice.@Iraqi Journal of Vaterinary Science. 23, suppl. II, 245-248. Proceeding of the 5th      Scientific conference, College of Veterinary medicine, University of Mosul@Yes$Al-Naqeep G., Al-Zubairi A.S., Ismail M., Amom Z.H. and Esa N. (2011).@Antiatherogenic potential of Nigella sativa seeds and oil in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits.@Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med., ID 213628.@Yes$Crede H.H.R. (2004).@Pharmaceutical composition containing black cumin oil, flax oil and borago oil, (S.  Africa). PCI.@Int. Appl., WO2004012753 A1.@No$Aljabre S.H.M., Alakloby O.M. and Randhawa M.A. (2015).@Dermatological effects of Nigella sativa.@Journal of dermatology & dermatologic surgery, 19(2), 92-98.@Yes$Kumar P.M., Vinmathi V., Gautam P., Wilson A.H. and Jacob S.J.P. (2015).@Green Synthesis of Silver Nanorods Using Aqueous Seed Extract of Nigella Sativa and Study of its Antidiabetic Activity.@Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(10), 295-298.@Yes$Amooaghaie R., Saeri M.R. and Azizi M. (2015).@Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility of silver nano-particles synthesized from Nigella sativa leaf extract in comparison with chemical silver nanoparticles.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120, 400-408.@Yes$Fragoon A.L., Zhu J. and Zhao J. (2012).@Biosynthesis of Controllable Size and Shape Gold Nanoparticles by Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) Extract.@J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 12(3),  2337-2345.@Yes$Sangeetha J., Sandhya J. and Philip J. (2014).@Biosynthesis and Functionalization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa, Dioscorea alata and Ferula asafetida.@Science of  Advanced Materials, 6(8), 1681-1690.@Yes$Ravindran J., Nair H.B., Sung B., Prasad S., Tekmal R.R. and Aggarwal B.B. (2010).@Thymoquinone Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Anti-proliferative, Anti-inflammatory and Chemosensitization Potential. Biochem.@Pharmacol., 79(11), 1640-1647.@Yes$Manju S., Malaikozhundan B., Chen J.C. and Vaseeharan B. 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