Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ______________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 5(8), 45-47, August (2015) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 45 A Study on Chemical and Antibacterial activity of Plant Essential Oil against Gram Positive Bacteria Atul Thakkar Astral Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, MP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 18th June 2015, revised 30th July 2015, accepted 18th August 2015 AbstractIn nature large number of plant species are present among them several plant species possess essential oil which is very useful in various way. Plant essential oils are commonly used as a conventional source in several industries and show good antimicrobial property, these plant essential oils are also used as flavoring agent, essence, perfumes, dyes and paint industries and most importantly in the field of medical science. These essentialoils derive their antibacterial effect from their individual chemicalcomposition. Each single, pure essential oil consists of several chemicals and many of these have antimicrobial activities, and show synergistic effects. There are various essential oils acquires antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties apart from these properties a number of essential oils were also being used in aromatherapy ,food preservation and fragrance industries and because of their numerous properties. There has been an enlarged concern on antimicrobial properties of extracts of various plants contains essential oils. Hence to analyse the antibacterial activity of essential oils from various plant species like Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Abutilon Indicum, Bothriochloa Pertusa and Mentha Spicata they are studied/treated against Gram Positive bacteria and it was found that they will show commendable activity against Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis. Keywords: Antioxidant, antibacterial, essential oils, aromatic plants, gram positive bacteria. Introduction Plant essential oilshaving pleasant and distinctive smell they are aromatic, volatile liquid which is extracted from various parts of plants species. These are the essential, Protective, nutritive fluids of the plant. The extract which is obtained from the plants is an existing liquid which is 55 to 75 times stronger than herbs commonly known as oil. Because of their compact size plant essential oils were simply passing through cell membranes, including the blood or brain as a barrier. Not a long ago it was observe that various plant species have gained a special attention because of their antimicrobial activity which increase resistance to antibiotics acquired by some micro organisms1-3. Those plants which having natural antimicrobial property they are not only used as food preservative but they may resist against several other diseases which may generated due to microbial activity hence in this case essential oils plays an important role to cure them against microorganisms. Several plant species and their herbs are extracted which are used against microorganisms and for this purpose their structural constitution, composition and functional groups of the oils play an important role to regulate their antimicrobial activity. The main component of essential oils contain several chemical functional groups like phenols, ethers, carbohydrates, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones all these are accountable for biological activity of numerous plants which is shown in the table. Due to these properties, it was also found that during ancient time numerous number of plant spices has been used as flavoring agents and preservatives in food. Because of great importance of essential oils they are used against various diseases as antibacterial agents, hence in our present study to confirm antibacterial activity of plant essential oils like Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Bothriochloa Pertusa, Mentha Spicata6 and Abutilon Indicum7 they are treated against Gram Positive bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis. Material and Methods Essential oils of these plants were obtained by steam distillation of plants. Steam distillation is the process with the help of which essential oils are converted in the form of vapor and then condenses the vapor back into a liquid. These essential oils are purified by distillation under reduced pressure. To inspect inhibitory effect of these essential oils they were treated againstStaphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis with the help of agar9 diffusion method. The agar diffusion technique was followed by using special microbial filter paper with agar used as a medium. The experiment was performed in set of three, an average diameter of zone of inhibition was registered, and all the bacteria were grown on nutrient agar the results are shown in the table. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___ ______________________________ Vol. 5(8), 45-47, August (2015) International Science Congress Association Chemical Compounds and their properties Compound Functional Group Aldehyde Ketones Ester Ether Phenolic Ether Phenol HydroCarbons Only contain C and H Alcohol Results and Discussion From the last few decades it was found that some chemical groups are present in essential oils which are capable of much antibacterial activity11 which is safe and effective against various antimicrobial12 agents and which can be treated with a wide variety of bacterial infections. Many Plants have been used for this purposes and it is necessary to investigate some plants which has been remarkably used in medical treatment or antimicrobial activity. Our study showed that various chemical and functional groups are present in essential oils which inhibited bacterial growth against Staphylococcus Aureus Bacillus Subtilis. The result obtained showed that essential oil of zeylanicum13Abutilon Indicum, Bothriochloa Pertusa Mentha Spicata plants. Out of 4 essential oils tested, all oils ______________________________ ___________________ International Science Congress Association Table-1 Chemical Compounds and their properties Functional Group Properties Spasmodic, Sedative, Antiviral, Antibacterial Mucolitic, antibacterial , neurotoxic, Spasmodic, Sedative, Antifungal, Antibacterial Expectorant, Stimulant Diuretic, Expectorant, Carminative, Antibacterial Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Stimulant Only contain C and H Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Stimulant Antimicrobial, antiseptic, spasmodic From the last few decades it was found that some chemical 10 groups are present in essential oils which are capable of much which is safe and effective against agents and which can be treated with a wide variety of bacterial infections. Many Plants have been used for this purposes and it is necessary to investigate some plants used in medical treatment or antimicrobial activity. Our study showed that various chemical and functional groups are present in essential oils which Staphylococcus Aureus and The result obtained showed that essential oil of Cinnamomum Bothriochloa Pertusa and Out of 4 essential oils tested, all oils showed antibacterial activity against bacteria plant speci es i.e. Bothriochloa Pertusa and Mentha Spicata show significant inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis even at low concentration. Table- 2 Antibacterial activity of essential oil against gram positive bacteria Essential Oils Area of inhibition in mm Staphylo Aureus Cinnamomum zeylanicum Abutilon Indicum Bothriochloa Pertusa Mentha Spicata ___________________ _______ ISSN 2231-606X Res. J. Chem. Sci. 46 Spasmodic, Sedative, Antiviral, Antibacterial Mucolitic, antibacterial , neurotoxic, Antifungal, Antibacterial Expectorant, Stimulant Diuretic, Expectorant, Carminative, Antibacterial Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Stimulant Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Stimulant Antimicrobial, antiseptic, spasmodic showed antibacterial activity against bacteria out of which two es i.e. Bothriochloa Pertusa and Mentha Spicata will show significant inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis even at low concentration. 2 Antibacterial activity of essential oil against gram positive bacteria Area of inhibition in mm Staphylo -coccus Aureus Bacillus Subtilis 11 8 15 9 16 10 22 13 Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 5(8), 45-47, August (2015) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 47 Conclusion In essential oils several chemical groups are present which showed effective antibacterial activity against various bacteria, hence our study showed that plant essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Abutilon Indicum, Bothriochloa Pertusa and Mentha Spicata out of which Bothriochloa Pertusa and Mentha Spicata can be a good source of antibacterial agent and they might be utilize as natural antibiotic for the treatment of various communicable or transferable diseases which are caused by these two germs Staphylococcus Aureus and Bacillus Subtilis. References 1.Lattaoui N. and Tantaoui Elaraki A., Individual and combined antibacterial activity of three thyme essential oils, Rivista Italiana EPPOS, 13 (1994) 2.Nychas G.J.E., Natural Antimicrobials from Plants. In New Methods of Food Preservation, Gould, G.W., Ed. 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