@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Nutritional, Antioxidant, Microbiological and Toxicological Studies on Red Dye Extracted from Red Beet Roots (Beta vulgaris)<#LINE#>A@Nisa,K.@Saeed,S.@Hina,N.@Zahra,S.@Mazhar,I.@Kalim,Q@Syed<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2015-021.pdf<#LINE#>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>4/2/2015<#LINE#>9/3/2015<#LINE#>Synthetic food colors are widely used in food products for attractiveness of food entities. These synthetic food colors have very ruinous effects on human health. It is now direly needed to replace artificial colors by natural food colors. The high levels of betalains are present in red beet root which have health enhancing properties and hence can be used as natural food colors and food additives. The present study aims to extract natural red dye from red beetroots for coloring the food products instead of the synthetic colors to avoid the harmfulness to humans.   The unique crimson red color of red beet acts as best natural dye. The obtained nutritional analysis results suggest that the dye extracted from red beetroot can be considered a potential dye to be used as natural colorant. The prepared red dye paste exhibits the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (33.32%) with water extract (10mg/ml). The stability of red dye depends on temperature and high temperature decreases its stability. The microbiological analysis showed that beet root extract does not allow the growth of microorganisms due to its antimicrobial activity. Animal trials showed that it is non-toxic and no mortality was found in mice. <#LINE#> @ @ Gasztonyi M.N., Daood H., Hajos M.T. and Biacs P., Comparison of red beet (Beta Vularis Var conditiva) varieties on the basis of their pigment components, Journal of the Science ofFood and Agriculture, 81, 932- 933 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kujala T.S., Vienola M.S., Klika K.D., Loponen J.M. and Pihlaja K., Betalain and phenolic compositions of four beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars, European Food Research and Technology, 214, 505-510 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pedreno M.A. and Escribano J., Correlation between antiradical activity and stability of betanine from Beta vulgaris L roots under different temperature, pH and light conditions, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 627-631 (2001) @No $ @ @ Socaciu C., Food colorants, Chemical and functional properties, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, 2008, ISBN: 9780849393570 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dobre T. and Floarea O., Separarea compuilor chmici din produse naturale (Separation of chemical compounds from natural products), Edit. 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Chapter 2, FAO of the United Nations, (1992) @No $ @ @ Marmion D.M., Handbook of US colorants: Foods, drugs, cosmetics, and medicinal devices, New York: Wiley-Interscience, (1991) @No $ @ @ Delgado-Vargas F., Jimenez A.R. and Lopez O.P., Natural pigments, Carotonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains characteristics, biosynthesis processing and stability, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,40, 173-289 (2000) @No $ @ @ Garcia-Barrera F.A., Reynoso C.R. and Gonzalez de Mejia E., Stability of betalains extracted from garambullo (Myrtillocactusgeometrizans), Food Science and Technology International, , 115–120 (1998) @No $ @ @ Herbach K.M., Stintzing F.C. and Carle R., Betalain stability and degradation: Structural and chromatic aspects, Journal of Food Science71, R41–R50 (2006) @No $ @ @ Escribano  J., Pedreno M.A., Garca-Carmona F. and Munoz R., Characterization of antiradical activity of betalains from Beta vulgaris L. roots, Phytochemical Analysis,, 124–27 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kanner J., Harel S. and Granit R., Betalains: A new class of dietary cationized antioxidants, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,49, 5178–5185 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kujala T., Loponen J. and Pihlaja K., Betalains and phenolics in red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) peel extracts: extraction and characterization, Zeitschrift fu¨r Naturforschung, 56c, 343–348 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kapadia G.J., Azuine M.A. and Sridhar R., Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced UV-B promoted, NOR-1-induced TPA promoted skin carcinogenesis, and DEN-induced Phenobarbital promoted liver tumors in mice by extract of beetroot, Pharmacological Research, 47, 141–148 (2003) @No $ @ @ Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/ WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Coordinating Committee for the Near East, 2nd Session, Cairo, Egypt, January 20-23, (2003) @No $ @ @ Food Additives-Coloring Permitted in Thailand, Notification of the Ministry of Public Health for Food Additive, Gain Report Number TH1010 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jasna M., Canadanovic-Brunet S.S., Savatovic G.S., Cetkovic J.J., Vulic S.M., Djilas Sinisa L.M. and Dragoljub D.C.,  Antioxidant  and Antimicrobial Activities of Beet Root Pomace Extracts, Czech Journal of Food Science,29, 575-585 (2011) @No $ @ @ Maria C.D.V., Ricardo A.K., Cláudio R.G., Vanessa D.G., Celso L.M., Angelo P.J., Fabiana F.S. and Juan S.A., Sanitization time for fresh cut beet root, Revista iberoamericana de tecnología postcosecha, 12, 215-221 (2011) @No $ @ @ Maria P.J., Lediana P.C., Michele S.P., Rodrigo M.P., Nilda F.S. and Joseph M., Irradiated beetroot extract as a colorant for cream cheese, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 80, 114–118 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aleksandra S., Velicanski D.D., Cvetkovic S.L. Markov J., Vulic J. and Sonja M.D., Antibacterial Activity of Beta vulgaris L. Pomace Extract, Acta Periodica technologica,42, 1-288 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Characterization and Source Identification of PM10 bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Semi-Arid Region of India<#LINE#>P.R.Wate@Salve,R.J.@Krupadam<#LINE#>7-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2015-027.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>16/2/2015<#LINE#>17/3/2015<#LINE#>Respirable particulate (PM10) and particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air were measured by collecting samples during winter, summer and post-monsoon season at rural environment in north-western part of India. The concentration of 8 selected PAHs, Acenaphthene (Ace), Fluorene (Flu), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (Anth), Fluoranthene (Flt), Pyrene (Pyr), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were quantified and characterized for different seasons. The ratio of average total PAHs concentration of winter to summerand winter to post-monsoon were assessed for rural environment was 5.7 and 6.4 for summer and pot-monsoon season respectively which is in agreement with the general trend of 1.5-10. The four membered ring PAHs were predominant and contributed to about 62% of total PAHs during winter season. A correlation study was performed among selected PAHs for source identification for all the three seasons. The results are in agreement with the traditional method of burning biomass, wood, coal and agricultural waste for cooking, a practice still followed in rural environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Ravindra K., Mittal A.K. and Van Grieken R., Health risk assessment of urban suspended particle matter with special reference to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review, Rev. Environ. Healt., 16, 169-189 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fang G.C., Wu Y.S., Chen M.H., Ho T.T., Huang S.H. and Rau J.Y., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons study in Taichung, Taiwan, during 2002-2003, Atmos. Environ., 38, 3385-3391 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ravindra K., Benes L., Wautewr E., De Hoog J.,  Deustch F., Roekens E., Bleux N., Bergmans P. and Van Grieken R., Seasonal and site specific variation in vapor and aerosol phase PAHs over Flabders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities, Atmos. Environ., 40, 771-785 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mayer T.U., Kapoor T.M.,  Haggarty S.J., King R.W, Schrieber S.L. and Mitchison T.J., Small molecule inhibitor of mitotic spindle bipolarity identified in a phenotype based screen, Science., 286, 971-974 (1999) @No $ @ @ Li C.L., Fu J.M., Sheng G.Y., Bi X.H., Hao Y.M., Wang X.M. and Mai B.X., Vertical distribution of PAHs in the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 in Guangzhou, China, Building and Environ., 40, 329-341 (2005) @No $ @ @ Akyuz M. and Cabuk H., Meteorological variations of PM2.5/PM10 concentration and particulate associated polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbon in the atmospheric environment of Zonguladak, Turkey, J. Hazard. Mater., 170, 13-21 (2009) @No $ @ @ Guo H., Lee S.C., Ho K.F., Wang X.M. and Zou S.C., Particulate associated polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbon in urban air of Hong Kong, Atmos Environ., 37, 5307-5317 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni K.S., Sahu S.K., Vaikunta Rao I., Pandit G.C. and Das N.L., Characterization and source identification of atmosphere of Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Visakhpatnam, India, Intl. Res J of Environ. Sci., 3(11), 57-64 (2014) @No $ @ @ Rajput N. and Lakhani A., Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban atmosphere of Agra, India, Atmosfera, 32, 165-183 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kaur S., Senthilkumar K., Verma V.K., Kumar B., Kumar S., Katnoria J.K. and Sharma C.S., Preliminary Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Particles (PM10) in Amritsar, India Sources, Apportionment and Possible Risk Implications to Human Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 65(3),  382-95 (2013) @No $ @ @ Park S.S., Kim Y.J. and Kang C.H., Atmospheric Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea, Atmos Environ., 36, 2917-2924 (2002) @No $ @ @ Re-Poppi N. and Santiago-Silva M., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other selected organic compounds in ambient air Campo Grade City, Brazil, Atmos. Environ, 39, 2839-2850 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lim M.C.H., Ayoko G.A. and Morawska L., Characterization of elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of urban air in Brisbane, Atmos. Environ.,  39, 463-476 (2005) @No $ @ @ Masih J., Singhvi R., Taneja A., Kumar K. and Masih H., Sustainable Cities and Society, (42), 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma S et al, Sphingolipid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes FEN1 and SUR4 Modulate Amphotericin B Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 58(4), 2409-14 (2014) @No $ @ @ Chang J et al, Structure-function analysis and genetic interactions of the yeast branchpoint binding protein Msl5, Nucleic Acids Res, 40(10), 4539-52 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Biotreatment of a Triphenylmethane dye Solution using Medicinal Plant Rhizome: Acorus Calamus<#LINE#>D.@Kalaiselvi,V.@Sangeetha,A.@Basker,D.@Saravanan,V.@kandavelu<#LINE#>13-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2015-029.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>21/2/2015<#LINE#>7/4/2015<#LINE#>This article utilizes still popular medicinal herbal plant Acorus calamus rhizome as a decisive substitute for exclusion of Basic Green 4 (BG 4), a cationic dye from its aqueous solutions by making use of batch investigational system. Further plausible mechanisms were achieved by correlating experimental values with the predicted kinetic models thus exploiting high significant rate statistics of the model preferred. Experimental biosorption data were modelled by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm, Redlich-Peterson (R-P) isotherm, Harkins- Jura (H-J) isotherm and Generalised isotherms. The biosorption route followed the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficients of correlation (R &#65533; 0.99).Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Overall, this article summarizes the efficacy of herbal biosorbent for the elimination of BG 4. <#LINE#> @ @ Anna Witek-Krowiak, Analysis of influence of process conditions on kinetics of malachite green biosorption onto beech sawdust, Chem. Eng. J., 171976-985 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bulut E. and Ozacar Sengil. I.A., Adsorption of malachite green onto bentonite: Equilibrium and kinetic studies and process design, Microporous and Meso-porous Materials, 115, 234–246 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mahmoodi N.M., Hayati B., Arami M. and Mazaheri F., Single and binary system dye removal from colored textile wastewater by a dendrimer as a polymeric nanoarchitecture: Equilibrium and kinetics, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, 4660–4668 (2010) @No $ @ @ Culp S.J., Mellick P.W., Trotter R.W., Greenlees K.J., Kodell R.L. and Beland F.A., Carcinogenicity of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite green in 566 B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats, Food Chem. Toxicol., 44,1204–1212 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S. and Sven K., Zurtheorieder sogenannten adsorption gelöster stoffe, Vetenskapsakad Handl,  24, 1–39 (1898) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S., Second-order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto tree fern : A comparison of linear and non-linear methods, Water Res. 40, 119–125 (2006) @No $ @ @ Weber W.J. and Morris J.C., Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Sanitary Eng. Div. Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Eng.,89, 31–59 (1963) @No $ @ @ Neha Gupta, Atul Kumar Kushwaha and Chattopadhyaya M.C., Adsorption studies of cationic dyes onto Ashoka (Saraca asoca) leaf powder, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43, 604–613 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aylin Altnsk, Emel Gur and Yoldas Seki, A natural sorbent, Luffa cylindrica for the removal of a model basic dye, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179, 658–664 (2010) @No $ @ @ Garima Mahajan and Dhiraj Sud,  Modified agricultural waste biomass with enhanced responsive properties for metal-ion remediation: A green approach, Appl Water Sci, 2, 299–308 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury S and Das P, Mechanistic kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of adsorption of hazardous malachite green onto conch shell powder, Sep Sci Technol,46, 1966–1976 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sagnik Chakraborty,  Shamik Chowdhury,  Papita Das Saha, Insight into biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of crystal violet onto Ananas comosus (pineapple) leaf powder, Appl Water Sci, , 135–141 (2012) @No $ @ @ Temkin M.J. and Pyzhev V., Acta Physiol. Chem. U.S.S.R. 12, 217–222 (1940) @No $ @ @ Dubinin MM and Radushkevich LV., Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal, Chem Zentr,, 875 (1947) @No $ @ @ Sonawane G.H. and Shrivastava V.S., Kinetics of decolourisation of malachite green from aqueous medium by maize cob (Zea maize): An agricultural waste, Desalination, 247, 430-441 (2009) @No $ @ @ Redlich O and Peterson DL., A useful adsorption isotherm, J Phys Chem, 63, 1024-6 (1959) @No $ @ @ Tahir S.S. and Rauf N., Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto bentonite, Chemosphere,63,1842–1848 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mittal A., Krishnan L., Gupta V.K., Removal and recovery of malachite green from wastewater using an agricultural waste material, de-oiled soya, Sep. Purif. Technol., 43 125–133 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mittal A., Adsorption kinetics of removal of a toxic dye, malachite green from waste water using hen feathers, J. Hazard. Mater, B133,196–202 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Pigment Printing of Cotton Fabrics using Microwave Irradiation<#LINE#>K.@Haggag,A.A.@Ragheb,I.@Abdel-Thalouth,M.@Rekaby,H.M.@El-Hennawi,A.A.@Shahin<#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2015-037.pdf<#LINE#>National Research Centre, Textile Research Division, El-Behouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT <#LINE#>6/3/2015<#LINE#>30/4/2015<#LINE#> Microwave irradiation was successfully used in fixation of pigment prints on cotton fabrics with a K/S values comparable with those obtained in case of conventional thermo-fixation technique. The printing pastes were applied to the fabric via screen printing technique. Afterwards, the printed fabrics were subjected to microwave irradiation for different periods of time at different microwave power. For the sake of comparison another samples of cotton fabrics were printed with the same paste, dried and subjected to fixation according to the conventional technique. The K/S values of the printed cotton fabrics fixed via microwave irradiation was found to be time and microwave power dependent. Results of this investigation clarified also that, regardless of the time of microwave exposure, covering the pigment printed cotton fabric samples with either permeable cellulosic paper sheet or impermeable plastic sheets led to a significant increase in K/S. In all cases the K/S follows the order uncovered sample > paper sheet covered sample > plastic sheet covered sample. Furthermore, the influence of minimization of the particle size of pigment green colour to the nano-scale on the K/S and overall fastness properties of cotton fabrics printed and fixed using microwave irradiation was also investigated.   <#LINE#> @ @  Mohamed A.L. and Hassabo A.G., Flame Retardant of Cellulosic Materials and Their Composites, Flame Retardants. P. M. Visakh and Y. Arao, Springer International Publishing, 247-314 (2015) @No $ @ @  Kenmogne S.B., Ngassoum M., Tchatchueng J.B., Vardamides J.C. and Dongmo A., Microwave Assisted Extraction of Analgesic Compounds of the Root of Ximenia Americana (Olacaceae), Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(7), 7-10 (2014) @No $ @ @  J.J. and T.R., Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterisation of Diamagnetic Complexes, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(9), 69-76 (2013) @No $ @ @  B.K. Bharat P. and Sharma V.K., Microwave Induced Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Substituted Pyrazolidines from Chalcones, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(2), 68-74 (2014) @No $ @ @  Ramesh K., Rajappa A. and Nandhakumar V.,  Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto onto Microwave Assisted Zinc Chloride Activated Carbon Prepared from Delonix Regia Pods -Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(7), 36-42 (2014) @No $ @ @  Geetha P., Bhavana M., Murthy T.P.K., Murthy N.B.K. and Ananda S., Microwave Drying of Sprouted Horse Gram (Macrotyloma Uniflorum): Mathematical Modeling of Drying Kinetics, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(8), 96-102 (2014) @No $ @ @  Krishna Murthy T.P., Harish A., Rashmi M., Mathew B.B. and Monisha J., Effect of Blanching and Microwave Power on Drying Behavior of Green Peas, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(4), 10-18 (2014) @No $ @ @  Christie R.M., Mather R.R. and Wardman R.H., The Chemistry of Colour Application. England, Wiley-Blackwell, (2004) @No $ @ @  Hussain T. and Ali R., Comparison of Properties of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Pigment and Reactive Dye, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 100(1), 95-98 (2009) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., Mughal J., Sohail M., Moiz A., Ahmed K. and Ahmed K., Comparison between Pigment Printing Systems with Acrylate and Butadiene Based Binders, Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 2(2), 87-91 (2012) @No $ @ @  Miles L.W.C., Textile Printing, Society of Dyers and Colorists, (1994) @No $ @ @  Abo-Shosha M.H., Nassar F.A., Haggag K., El-Sayed Z. and Hassabo A.G., Utilization of Some Fatty Acid/Peg Condensates as Emulsifiers in Kerosene Paste Pigment Printing, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 13(1), 65-77 (2009) @No $ @ @  Jassal M. and Bajaj P., Developments in Acrylic: Based Thickeners as Substitute of Emulsion Thickeners for Pigment Printing, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, 26(1-2), 143-155 (2001) @No $ @ @  Loupy A., Microwaves in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, (2002) @No $ @ @  Al-Mousawi S., El-Apasery M. and Elnagdi M., Microwave Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics with Disperse Dyes, Molecules, 18(9), 11033-11043 (2013) @No $ @ @  Öner E., Büyükakinci Y. and Sökmen N., Microwave-Assisted Dyeing of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Fabrics with Disperse Dyes, Coloration Technology, 129(2), 125-130 (2013) @No $ @ @  Xu W. and Yang C., Hydrolysis and Dyeing of Polyester Fabric Using Microwave Irradiation, Coloration Technology, 118(5), 211-214 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ahmed N.S.E. and El-Shishtawy R.M., The Use of New Technologies in Coloration of Textile Fibers, Journal of Materials Science, 45(5), 1143-1153 (2010) @No $ @ @  Bhat N.V., Kale M.J. and Gore A.V., Microwave Radiations for Heat-Setting of Polyester Fibers, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 4(4), 1-6 (2009) @No $ @ @  Haggag K.A., Review Article of Microwave Irradiation and Its Application in Textile Industries, Science Publishing Group, (2014) @No $ @ @  Berns R.S. and Needles H.L., Microwave Versus Conductive Heating Their Effect on the Solvent–Assisted Dyeing of Polyester Fibre with Anthraquinonoid Disperse Dyes, Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 95(6), 207-211 (1979) @No $ @ @  Hanna H.L., Haggag K. and El-Shemy N.S., Effect of Microwave Irradiation of Properties of Polyamide Fabric, 18thEgyptian International Chemical Conference, Chemistry of Human Needs, Hurghada, Egypt, (2009) @No $ @ @  Kappe C.O., Stadler A. and Dallinger D., Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, (2012) @No $ @ @  Nourmohammadian F. and Gholami M.D., An Investigation of the Dyeability of Acrylic Fiber Via Microwave Irradiation, Progress In Color, Colorants And Coatings, 1(1), 57-63 (2008) @No $ @ @  Lin L., Bai X., Feng H., Jiang X.K., Liu J. and Sun H.Y., Dyeability of Flax Fabric Improved by Urea, Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University, 22, 74-77 (2005) @No $ @ @  Sun H., Lin L., Jiang X. and Bai X., The Improvement of Dyeability of Flax Fibre by Microwave Treatment, Pigment and Resin Technology, 34(4), 190-196 (2005) @No $ @ @  Ke G., Yu W., Xu W., Cui W. and Shen X., Effects of Corona Discharge Treatment on the Surface Properties of Wool Fabrics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 207(1–3), 125-129 (2008) @No $ @ @  Yoshimura Y., Ohe T., Ueda M., Kurokawa T., Matsushima H. and Mori F., Effect of Microwave Heating on Dyeing, Sen'i Gakkaishi, 63(6), 146-151 (2007) @No $ @ @  Xue Z. and Jin-xin H., Keywords: and 58-62, P.S. Improvement in Dyeability of Wool Fabric by Microwave Treatment, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, 36(1), 58-62 (2011) @No $ @ @  Ahmed K.A., Haggag K., El-Kashouti M.A. and El-Hennawi H.M., Microwave Synthesis: A Prospective Tool for Green Chemistry and Its Textile Application, Saarbrücken, Germany, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing AG and Co. KG, (2013) @No $ @ @  Hancock A. and Lin L., Challenges of Uv Curable Ink-Jet Printing Inks: A Formulator's Perspective, Pigment and Resin Technology, 33(5), 280-286 (2004) @No $ @ @  AATCC, Colour Fastness to Crocking, Technical Manual Method American, Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 68, 23-25 (1993) @No $ @ @  AATCC, Colour Fastness to Light: Carbon: Arc Lamb, Continuous Light, Technical Manual Method American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 68, 33-48 (1993) @No $ @ @  AATCC. Colour Fastness to Perspiration. Technical Manual Method American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 68, 30-32 (1993) @No $ @ @  AATCC, Colour Fastness to Washing: Characterization of Textile Colorants, Technical Manual Method American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 68, 89 (1993) @No $ @ @  Kubelka P. and Munk F., Ein Beitrag Zur Optik Der Farbanstriche, Z. Tech. Phys., 12, 593 (1931) @No $ @ @  Mehta K.T., Bhavsar M.C., Vora P.M. and Shah H.S., Estimation of the Kubelka: Munk Scattering Coefficient from Single Particle Scattering Parameters, Dyes and Pigments, 5(5), 329-340 (1984) @No $ @ @  Waly A.I., Marie M.M., Abou-Zeid N.Y., El-Sheikh M.A. and Mohamed A.L., Processes of Dyeing, Finishing and Flame Retardancy of Cellulosic Textiles in the Presence of Reactive Tertiary Amines, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 16(3), 66-84 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Lakshmipuram tank, Anantapuramu (d), Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Ramesh@ChinnaPujari,Philip@GundalaHarold<#LINE#>26-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2015-038.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu-515003, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>12/3/2015<#LINE#>2/1/April<#LINE#>Painted Storks (Mycterialeucocephala) have been visiting Veerapuram for nearly hundred years with intermittent breaks. The main reason for non arrival of storks was due to lack of availability of food. These birds mainly feed on fish which are available in the tanks near the heronry. In the present study Assessment of water quality of Lakshmipuram tank, which is a foraging place for these storks, was made to know the impact of different parameters on fish growth and health. Water collected during 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2013-2014 were analyzed for the levels of Alkalinity, Silicates, Phosphates, Nitrates, Nitrites, Chlorides, COD, Turbidity, Sulphates, BOD and Salinity. The study gave significance as this water bodies is foraging place for Painted Stork (Mycterialeucocephala) which inhabit in a nearby Village, Veerapuram of Anantapuramu (D), A.P. <#LINE#> @ @ Jain chandana, Singh Priti and Jain Pratima, Evalution of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Properties of Ground Water Recharged through water Harvesting system in Gwalior,MP, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(11), 72-75 (2014) @No $ @ @ Biradar N.V., Ambarish Sindagi S and Unakal Chandrashekar., Assessment of Physico-chemical and Microbiological parameters of Kotur Lake, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, Research Journal of Recent  Sciences, 3(11), 57-62 (2014) @No $ @ @ Shib Abir, Seasonal variation in Physico-Chemical characteristics of Rudrasagarwetland- A Ramsagar site, Tripura, North East, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(1), 31-40 (2014) @No $ @ @ Balagangadhar Tilak B.G. and Yallamma K., Study on the hazardous waste generated by various industries in Chittoor distric of Andhra Pradesh, J. Bio. Innov., 2(6), 291- 293 (2013) @No $ @ @ Madudhula Thirupathaiah, Samatha C.H. and Chintha Sammaiah, Analysis of water quality physic-chemical parameter in lower manair reservoir of karimnagar Andhra Pradesh, International Journal Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 172-180 (2012) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste waters, 21st Edition, Washington, DC, USA, (2005) @No $ @ @ EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Parameters of water quality interpretation and standards published by Environmental protection Agency, Ireland (2001) @No $ @ @ Namrata, Physico-Chemical properties of polluted water of river Ganga at Varanasi, International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(5), 823-832 (2010) @No $ @ @ Patil P.N., Sawant D.V. and Deshmukh R.N., Physico-Chemical Parameters for testing of water- A review, International Journal of Environmental Sciences,3(3), 1194-1207 (2012) @No $ @ @ Joshi D.M, Bhandari N.S, Kumar A and Namita A, Statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water of River Ganga in Haridwar district, Rasayan Joournal of Chemistry,2(3) 579-587 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jaffies M. and Mills D., Freshwater Ecology: Principles and Applications Belhaven Press, London and New York, 335 (1990) @No $ @ @ Verma P.U., Chadawat D.K. and Solanki H.A., Seasonal variation in Physico-Chemical and Phytoplankton analysis of Kankaria Lake, Life sciences leaflets, 19, 842-854 (2011) @No $ @ @ Saroj Mahajan and Dilip Billore, Assessment of Physico-Chemical characteristics of the Soil of Nagchoon Pond Khandwa, MP, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(1), 26-30 (2014) @No $ @ @ Hemalatha Bhavimani and Puttaiah E.T., Fish Culture and Physico-chemical Characteristics of Madikoppa Pond, Dharwad Tq/Dist, Karnatak, Hydrology Current Research, 5 (2014) @No $ @ @ Das A.K. and Shrivastavan T., Correlation of some physico- chemical parameters of drinking water ponds in Eastern parts of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu, Pollution Research, 22(4), 533-539 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mahesh K. Mishra, Neeta Mishra and Devendra N. Pandey., An Assessment of the Physico-Chemical characteristics of Bhamika pond, Hanumana, Rewa District, India, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(5), 1781-1787 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharat Singh N.K., Bino Devi C.H., Sudarshan M., Sanamacha Meetei N., Brajakumar Singh T. and Rajmuhon Singh N., Influence of Nambul River on the quality of fresh water in Loktak lake, 5(6), 321-327 (2013) @No $ @ @ Raut K.S., Shinde S.E., Pathan T.S. and Sonawane D.L., Monthly variations of Physico-Chemical parameters Ravivar Lake at Ambajogi Dist. Beed Marathwada Region, India, Global Journal of Environmental Research, 5(2), 70-74 (2011) @No $ @ @ Joshi D.M, Bhandari N.S, Kumar A and Namita A., Statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water of River Ganga in Haridwar district, Rasayan Joournal of Chemistry, 2(3), 579-587 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sandeep A., Vinit Kumar, Madhullika R., Anushu D. and Minakshi, Physico-Chemical analysis of selected surface water samples of Laxmi Tal (pond) in Hhansi city, UP Bundelkhand Region, Central India, Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(8), 01-06 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sang pal R.R., Kulkarni U.D. and Nandukkar M., An Assessment of the Physico-Chemical properties to study the pollution potential of Ujjani reservoir, Solapur district, India, ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 6(3), 34-38 (2011) @No $ @ @ Davis N.S., Silica in streams and ground water, American Journal of Science, 262, 870-899 (1964) @No $ @ @ Balaji P.B, Nandakumar R, Dineshkurar S, Ananth S, Shenbaga Devi A, Jayalakshmi T, Raju P, Thiyagarajan M and Santhanam P., Seasonal variations in Physico-chemical charactgeristics of Pond and ground water of Thiruchunapalli, India, Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 529-537 (2013) @No $ @ @ BIS, Standard tolerance limits for bathing water, Bureau of Indian Standards, IS, 2296 (2012) @No $ @ @ Huddar B.D., Hydrobiological studies in lentic fresh water bodies of Hubli, Ph. D., Thesis submitted to the Karnataka University, Darwad, (1995) @No $ @ @ Venkatasubramani R. and Meenambal T., Study of sub-surface water quality in Mattupalayam Taluk of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, National Environmental Pollution and Technology, 6, 307-310(2007) @No $ @ @ Moundiotiya C, Sisodial R., Kulshreshtha and Bhatia A.L., A Case study of the Jamwa Ramgarh wetland with special reference to Physico- Chemical properties of Water and its environs, Journal of Environmental Hydrology, 12(24), 1-7 (2004) @No $ @ @ Stone N.M. and Thomforde H.K., Understanding your fish pond water Analysis Report, Cooperative Extension Programme, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, (1977) @No $ @ @ Khan Arbab A. and Khan Mohd Nawaz., Physico-Chemical Study of Ground Water at Shahjahanpur city, Uttar Pradesh, India, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 5(1), 55-59 (2015) @No 
<#LINE#>Kinetic Studies on the Hydrogenation of Curcuminoids Isolated from Curcuma Longa by LC/MS<#LINE#>Gopi@Sreeraj,Jacob@Joby,George@Robin<#LINE#>33-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2015-042.pdf<#LINE#> R and D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, Cochin, INDIA<#LINE#>16/3/2015<#LINE#>3/4/2015<#LINE#>In the present study, we investigated the catalytic palladium hydrogenation of curcuminoids, the major constituent isolated from Turmeric root (Curcuma longa) at various time intervals and monitored by LC/MS. The study revealed that the most of the curcuminoids hydrogenated within two hours period and gave the corresponding tetra, hexa and octa-hydrocurcuminoids at different ratio except bisdemethoxycurcumin, which gave only hexa-hydrogenated derivative. Even though, Palladium-carbon catalyst does not favour the reduction of carbonyl group, due to the presence of the conjugated double bonds hydrogenation occurred.<#LINE#> @ @ Julie S. Jurenka Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: A review of pre-clinical and clinical research,Alternative Medicine Review, 14(2), 141-153 (2009) @No $ @ @ Soni Himesh, Patel Sita Sharan, Mishra K., Nayak Govind and Singhai A.K., Qualitative and quantitative profile of curcumin from ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa,IRJP2,, 180-184 (2011) @No $ @ @ Benny Antony, Merina Benny and Rao S.B., Enhancing the absorption of curcuminoids, Journal of Spices India, 23-26 (2005) @No $ @ @ Roughley P. J. and Whiting D. A., Experiments in the biosynthesis of curcumin, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 20, 2379–2388 (1973) @No $ @ @ Carl Wagner E., Pamela Marshall A., Thomas Cahill M. and Zeynab Mohamed, Visually following the hydrogenation of curcumin to tetrahydrocurcumin in a natural product experiment that enhances student understanding of NMR spectroscopy, J. Chem. Educ., 90, 930933 (2013) @No $ @ @ Poorichaya Somparn, Chada Phisalaphong, Somjai Nakornchal, Supeenun Unchern and Noppawan Phumala Morales, Comparative antioxidant activities of curcumin and its demethoxy and hydrogenated derivatives, Biol. Pharm. Bull.,30(1), 74-78 (2007) @No $ @ @ Toshihiko Osawa, Yasunori Sugiyama, Masanori Inayoshi and Shunro Kawakishi, Antioxidative activity of tetrahydrocurcuminoids, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59 (9), 1609-1612 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kunihiko Okada, Chantima Wangpoengtrakul, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Shinya Toyokuni, Koji Uchida and Toshihiko Osawa, Curcumin and especially tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorate oxidative stress-induced renal injury in mice,J. Nutr., 131(8)2090-2095 (2001) @No $ @ @ Leelavinothan Pari and Rosalin Amali D., Protective role of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) an active principle of turmeric on chloroquine induced hepatotoxicity in rats, J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci.,8(1), 115-123 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rong-Jyh Lin, Chung-Yi Chenc, Li-Yu Chunga and Chuan-Min Yen, Larvicidal activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Acta Tropica, 115, 69–76 (2010) @No $ @ @ Khanitta Srimuangwong, Chainarong Tocharus, Pornphrom Yoysungnoen Chintana, Apichart Suksamrarn and Jiraporn Tocharus, Hexahydrocurcumin enhances inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on HT-29 human colon cancer cells, World J Gastroenterol, 18(19), 2383-2389 (2012) @No $ @ @ Revathy S., Elumalai S., Merina Benny Antony, Isolation, Purification and identification of curcuminoids from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) by Column Chromatography, Journal of Experimental Sciences,2(7), 21-25 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Impact of Mining on Land Degradation and Tribal Health of Hazaribagh and Ramgarh Districts, Jharkhand, India<#LINE#>Mansur@Alam,Vinod@Prasad<#LINE#>37-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2015-047.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, B. N. College, Patna, Bihar, INDIA Department of Botany, B. N. College, Patna, Bihar, INDIA <#LINE#>6/2/2015<#LINE#>17/3/2015<#LINE#>The present investigation is confined to Hazaribagh and Ramgarh districts of Jharkhand state of India. The study is an attempt to examine the extent of environmental degradation that has taken place in the form of water contamination and degradation of forest due to rampant mining in the different areas of Hazaribagh and Ramgarh districts i.e. Sonda (w), Damodar River (w), Siyal (w), Udimari (W), Jarjara (w), Patel Nagar (w), Bhurkunda (w) and Birsa chowk (w). The water bodies of these areas are the greatest victims of coal mining and are badly affected by contamination of Acid Mines Drainage (AMD) originating from mines and spoils, causing various types of diseases among the tribal. Low pH, high electrical conductivity, high concentration of sulphate , iron, and toxic heavy metals, low Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) are some of the physico-chemical and biological parameters which characterize the degradation of water quality. The altered content of water needs proper treatment before the use for drinking and irrigation purposes. Finally it can be suggested that an intensive study may be carried out before the domestic consumption.<#LINE#> @ @ ICMR, Manual of standards of quality of Drinking water supplies, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Special Reports No, 44, 27 (1975) @No $ @ @ Sud Surender, Beware: Water is Fast Becoming Scarce Yojna, 41(8), 47-48 (1997) @No $ @ @ Swer Sumarlin and Singh O.P., Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environment with special emphasis on Mining Enviroment, NSSEME-19-20, March 2004(EdS. Indra N. Sinha, Mrinal K. Ghose and Gurdeep Singh) @No $ @ @ Sharma BK and Kaur H, Environmental Chemistry third Edition. Krishna Prakashan Media (p) Ltd, Meeret, 30-32 (1996) @No $ @ @ Majumdar and Sarkar, Impact of mining and related activities on physical and cultural environment of Singauli Coalfield of Central India, Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 22(1)(1994) @No $ @ @ WHO, International standards for Drinking water, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1992) @No $ @ @ ISI, Drinking water specification, Indian standard Institute, New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Patil P.R., Patil S.K and Dhandae A.D., Studies on drinking water quality in bhuswal corporation water supply (2002) @No $ @ @ Doctor P.B., Paiyani C.V., Desai N.M., Kulkarni P.K., Ruparelia and Ghosh SK., Physico-chemical and microbial analysis of Dye contaminated river water, Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 40 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dyaneshwari P. and Meena D., Seasonal Variation in D.O and B.O.D of some lentic water bodies of Kolhapur City (MS), Geobios, 33, 70-72 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterization of Mono and Di arm a-halo esters as a Initiator for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization<#LINE#>Kabir@Homayun,SamiulIslam@Chowdhury,Tariqul@Hasan<#LINE#>41-44<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2015-052.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, BANGLADESH<#LINE#>31/3/2015<#LINE#>9/4/2015<#LINE#>Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been a promising technique to provide polymers with well-defined composition, architecture, and functionality. In most of the ATRP processes, alkyl halides are used as an initiator. 2-Bromo-2-methyl-propionic acid 4-hydroxy-but-2-ynyl ester (BPE) and 2-Bromo-2-methyl-propionic acid but-2-ynyl diester (BPDE) were synthesized by one step reaction which involved on esterification of 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide with 2-Butyn-1,4-diol and sufficient purity. H NMR has confirmed the structure of the both initiators. This initiator will be very useful in the polymerisation of monomers in order to produce polymers with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity.  <#LINE#> @ @ Wang J.S. and Matyjaszewski K., Controlled "living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 5614-5615 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wang J.S. and Matyjaszewski K., Controlled/"Living" Radical Polymerization. Halogen Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Promoted by a  Cu(I)/Cu( 11) Redox Process, Macromolecules,28, 7901 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kato M., Kamigaito M., Sawamoto M. and Higashimura T., Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with the Carbon Tetrachloride/Dichlorotris- (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium(II)/Methylaluminum Bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) Initiating System: Possibility of Living Radical Polymerization, Macromolecules, 28,  1721 (1995) @No $ @ @ Tasdelen MA, Kahveci MU and Yagci Y, Telechelic polymers by living and controlled/living polymerization methods, Prog Polym Sci., 36, 455–567 (2011) @No $ @ @ Matyjaszewski K, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Current Status and Future Perspectives, Macromolecules., 45, 4015–4039 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haddleton D.M., Perrier S., Bon S.A.F.,  Copper(I), Mediated Living Radical Polymerisation in the Presence of Oxyethylene Groups, Online 1H NMR Spectroscopy to Investigate Solvent Effects. Macromolecules, 33, 8246-8251 (2000) @No $ @ @ Matyjaszewski K. and Xia J., Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, Chem. Rev., 101, 2921 (2001) @No $ @ @ Vogt A.P. and Sumerlin B.S., An Efficient Route to Macromonomers via ATRP and Click Chemistry, Macromolecules, 39 (16), 5286-5292 (2006) @No $ @ @ Narumi A., Fuchise K., Kakuchi R., Toda A., Hirao A. and Kakuchi T., A Versatile Method for Adjusting Thermoresponsivity: Synthesis and ‘Click’ Reaction of an Azido End-Functionalized Poly (N-isopropylacry lamide), Macromol. Rapid Comm., 29, 1126-1133 (2008)@No $ @ @ Gao H., Louche G., Sumerlin B.S., Jahed N., Golas P. and Matyjaszewski K., Gradient Polymer Elution Chromatographic Analysis of &#945;, &#969;-Dihydroxypolystyrene Synthesized via ATRP and Click Chemistry, Macromolecules, 38 (22), 8979-8982 (2005)  @No $ @ @ Van Camp W., Germonpre V., Mespouille L., Dubois P., Goethals E.J. and Du Prez F.E., New poly (acrylic acid) containing segmented copolymer structures by combination of “click” chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization, Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (11), 1168-1180 (2007) @No $ @ @  Brent S. Sumerlin, Robert Y. Lee and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Solution behavior of temperatureresponsive molecular brushes prepared by ATRP,Macromol. Chem. Phys., 208, 30-36, (2007)  @No $ @ @  Brant C. Boren, Sridhar Narayan, Lars K. Rasmussen, Li Zhang, Haitao Zhao, Zhenyang Lin, Guochen Jia and Valery V., Ruthenium-Catalyzed Azide&#8722;Alkyne Cycloaddition: Scope and Mechanism, J. Am. Chem Soc., 130 (28), 8923–8930 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Analysis of Some Dam Water Samples of Lakhundar Dam of Palsawad Son, District-Shajapur, MP, India<#LINE#>BodaneArun@Kumar<#LINE#>45-48<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2015-053.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, B.S.N. Govt. P.G. College, Shajapur, M.P., INDIA <#LINE#>1/4/2015<#LINE#>7/4/2015<#LINE#>The present investigation reveals the quality of water of Lakhundar dam; this dam is constructed in village Palsawad Son, and District-Shajapur, India. The present studies based on physico-chemical parameters likes pH, total hardness, calcium, alkalinity, chloride, magnesium, fluoride, dissolve oxygen, nitrate and C.O.D. Results obtained from the study revealed that water quality during each season is well within the permissible limit and the dam water is safe for drinking and human consumption. The present study of dam water will also helpful to minimize pollution of dam water.. <#LINE#> @ @ Tailor Manthan A. and Mankodi Pradeep C., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(10), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Horton R.K., An index number system for rating water quality, J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed., , 300-305 (1965) @No $ @ @ Srinivas J., Purushotham A.V. and Murali KrishnaK.V.S.G., Determination of Water Quality Index inIndustrial areas of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, Int.Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(5), 37-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajapur, (2013) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water., 18th ed., WPCF Washington DC, (1989) @No $ @ @ WHO, Wastes from Healthcare Activities, WHO information, act Sheet No. 253, (2000) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Vishwakarma R., Dixit S. and Jain P., Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River with reference to Physicochemical Parameters at Hoshangabad city, MP, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 40-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ Misra P.C. and Patel R.K., Quality of drinking water in Rourkela, outside steel town ship, J. Env. & Poll., , 165-169 (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>Modernization of Existing 27 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant at Brahmpuri, Jaipur, India: A Model Study<#LINE#>Richa@Sharma,Anil@Sharma<#LINE#>49-52<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2015-054.pdf<#LINE#>S.S. Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous College) Jaipur, Raj., INDIA @ RUIDP, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Raj., INDIA<#LINE#>6/4/2015<#LINE#>15/4/2015<#LINE#>The renovation and modernization work for 27 MLD STP at Brahmpuri, Jaipur was taken up after it becoming defunct in year 2000-2001. Besides renovating the civil structures, modern day state of the art and energy efficient mechanical and electrical machineries were installed with man-machine interface for efficient and effective operation and maintenance of the treatment process. The treatment process is based on extended aeration with introduction of energy efficient fine bubble diffused aeration system instead of outdated and energy intensive surface aerators. Sludge is being handled in aerobic digesters. Digested sludge is pumped to centrifuge unit where it is converted to semi solid form having consistency of approximately 22% solids to be used as manure for agriculture purposes by nearby farmers. The STP was commissioned after renovation and modernization work with the full plant capacity flow of 27 MLD. The main aim of modernization was to take care of effective removal of inorganic material as primary treatment unit which was a major reason for the plant to be defunct due to carrying over of inorganic to the reactor tank and to use energy efficient machinery for energy saving. The power saving is mainly achieved through the running of air blowers on variable frequency drive controlled by the level of dissolved oxygen in the reactor. <#LINE#> @ @ Metcalf A. and Eddy I., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 4 th ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India, (2003) @No $ @ @ Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Edition fourth, 2009, The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, (1991) @No $ @ @ General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part A: Effluents, (Schedule-VI) of The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, (1986) @No $ @ @ Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, 3 rd ed., CPHEEO (Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization), Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi, (2013) @No $ @ @ Gray N.F., Biology of Waste Water Treatment, 2 nd ed. Imperial College Press, London, (2004) @No $ @ @ Hammer M.J., Water and Wastewater Technology, 3 rd ed., Prentice–Hall Inc., New York, (1996) @No $ @ @ Groterud O. and Smoczynski L., Phosphorus removal and chlorinating of wastewaters by electrolysis, Vatten,47, 273-277, (1991) @No $ @ @ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C, Fine Bubble Aeration, Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet, Document No. EPA-832-F-99-065, (2009) @No $ @ @ U.S. EPA, Technological Assessment of Fine Bubble Aerators, EPA-600/2-82-003, (1995) @No $ @ @ U.S. EPA, Design Manual: Fine Pore Aeration Systems, EPA Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA/625/1-89/023, (1989) @No $ @ @ U.S. EPA, Summary Report: Fine Pore (Fine Bubble) Aeration Systems, EPA Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA/625/8-85/010, (1985) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj Rajendra M., Status of Wastewater Generation and Treatment in India, Paper presented at Intersecretariat Working Group on Environment Statistics (IWG–Env) Joint Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, 20–22 June, (2005) @No $ @ @ Arceivala S.J., Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, Pollution Engineering and Technology, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, (1981) @No $ @ @ Garg S.K , Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2, Khanna Publishers, India, (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis of New Sulfa-Nitrone Compounds<#LINE#>S.@AboodHuda,Majeed@NisreenN.,A.@Al-najarAnis<#LINE#>53-56<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2015-055.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, IRAQ @ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, IRAQ<#LINE#>8/4/2015<#LINE#>14/4/2015<#LINE#>The Schiff bases were synthesized from sulfa drugs with some aldehyde and then converted to nitronesby oxidation of Schiff bases with peracetic acid which synthesized by using of hydrogen peroxide with acetic acid.The resulting products were identified by physical properties like melting point (m.p.), retardation factor (R) and color. Also compounds showed the expected data in identification techniques like FTIR, HNMR, mass spectroscopy and Elemental analysis (CHN). The results verified the chemical structures of synthesized compounds. <#LINE#> @ @ Breuer E., Aurich H.G. and Nielsen A., Nitrones, nitronates and nitroxides, chapter 3, New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons, (1989) @No $ @ @ Sridharan V., Muthusubramanian S., Sivasubramanian S. and Polborn K., Diastereoselective synthesis of 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrasubstituted isoxazolidines via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, Tetrahedron, 60(40), 8881-8892 (2004) @No $ @ @ Villamena F.A. and Zweier J.L., Detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by EPR spin trapping, Antioxid. Redox Signal, 6(3), 619-629 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rosselin M., Choteau F., Zeamari K., Nash K.M., Das A., Lauricella R., Lojou E., Tuccio B., Villamena F.A. and Durand G., Reactivities of Substituted alpha-Phenyl-N-tert-butyl Nitrones, J. Org. Chem, 79(14), 6615-6626 (2014) @No $ @ @ Floyd R.A. and Hensley K., Nitrone inhibition of age-associated oxidative damage, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 899, 222-237 (2000) @No $ @ @ Al-Jassem M.A. and Majeed N.N., Synthesis, Characterization and Conformation of Some New Macromolecules Containing Nitrone Moieties, Chemistry and Materials Research., 6(10), 100-108 (2014) @No $ @ @ Tanaka J. and Kanemasa S., Ab initio study of Lewis acid catalyzed nitrone cycloaddition to electron deficient alkenes. Dose a Lowis acid catalyst change the reaction mechanism?, Tetrahedron, 57, 899-905 (2001) @No $ @ @ Torssell K.B.G., Nitrile Oxides, Nitrones and Nitronates in Organic Synthesis, Chapter 2, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2008) @No $ @ @ Soldaini G., Cardona F., Cardona A. and Goti A., Catalytic oxidation of imine based on methyl trioxorehenium /urea hydrogen peroxide: A mild and easy chemo and regioselective entry to nitrones, Org. Lett., 9(3), 473-476 (2007) @No $ @ @ Boyd R.D., Coulter B.P., Mcguckin M.R., Sharma N.D, Jennings W.B. and Wilson V.E., Imines and derivatives, Part 24, Nitrone synthesis by imine oxidation using either a peroxyacid or dimethyldioxirane, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., , 301-306 (1990) @No $ @ @ Shun-F-Chi M., Tatsuki S. and Yasushi I., Oxidation of secondary amine to nitones:6-methyl -2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine N-oxide, Org. Syn., 70, 265-270 (1992) @No $ @ @ Silverstien R.M., Webster F.X. and Kiemle D.J., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Chemistry Compounds, 6th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, (2005) @No $ @ @ Pretsch E., Bühlmann P. and Badertscher M., Structure Determination of Organic Compounds, 4th Ed., Spring–Verlag Berlin Heideberg, (2009) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Role of Aerators in the Treatment of Waste Water<#LINE#>Bindu@Kataria<#LINE#>57-63<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2015-035.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, S.M.B. Govt. P.G. College Nathdwara, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>16/10/2014<#LINE#>5/2/2015<#LINE#>Different types of Aerators were studied by author which plays very important role in the treatment of waste water.  The Efficiency of Aspirating as well as Mechanical Aerators was compared and it was found that aspirating type aerators were more efficient. Among Aspirating type Aerators Sudden expansion is more efficient than Venturi.  Future scope of work is also suggested in the study which may be proved very useful in accelerated developing country like India.  <#LINE#> @ @ National Conference on Environmental Engineering by Walter K, Johnsonand Dennis, Martenson R Co-editor published by A.S.EB, 345 East 47th Street, New York NY-10017, (1982) @No $ @ @ Lewis W.K and Whitman W.C., Principles of Gas Absorption, Industrial and Engineering, Chemistry,16,12, 1215 (1924) @No $ @ @ Pasveer A, Research on Activated Sludge II, A study of the Aeration of water, Sewage and Industrial waste,25,12, 1397, (1953) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Metal Complexes of Quinoxaline Derivatives: Review (Part-II)<#LINE#>C.@JustinDhanaraj,Johnson@Jijo<#LINE#>64-84<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2015-034.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Nagercoil 629004, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>9/3/2015<#LINE#>10/4/2015<#LINE#>Over the past decades, there is increasing information about synthesis, characterization and applications of metal complexes including quinoxaline derivative metal complexes. The focus of the review is emphasized on synthesis, characterization, structural analysis, theoretical calculations and biological studies of quinoxaline derivative metal complexes. These types of review provide unique platform for systematically studying the various quinoxaline derivative metal complexes synthesized so far and their characterizations. We have also highlighted the synthetic strategies developed to synthesize metal complexes. Several characterizations which are not covered in part-I like CD-spectroscopy are also included in this review paper. This review is also a focus of the reports on the structural aspects that the quinoxaline based ligands plays on compounds reported in last seven years.  Furthermore in this review the current progress of research in the field of quinoxaline derivative metal complexes from 2007 to end of 2014 is summarized. The structure was confirmed by single crystal x-ray diffraction studies. An overview of application of quinoxaline derivative metal complexes is also presented. Structural elucidation using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) are included. 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<#LINE#>A New Threat of Bacterial Resistance towards Life Saving Carbapenem Antibiotics<#LINE#>Jaskaran@Singh,S.K.@Shukla<#LINE#>85-88<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2015-044.pdf<#LINE#> Amity University, Noida, U.P., INDIA<#LINE#>16/12/2014<#LINE#>2/2/2015<#LINE#>Carbapenems are new class of beta lactum antibiotics which are known for their broad spectrum of clinical activities to counter gram positive and gram negative bacteria thus named as agents of last line antibiotics or last resort antibiotics. There are n numbers of carbapenem antibiotic brands available in market with different formulations to treat various severe infection. More and uncontrollable usage of these antibiotics leads to formation of resistant pathogens which later changes to serious and complicated health issues. The main threat of these life saving  drugs in entire antibiotic armamentarium is its resistance international organization conducted a  research  by CDDEP , illustrated that carbapenem retailed  sale has been increased from past several years  which predicts that carbapenems are used  in  inflating rate by health professionals. The present study is an attempt which has been made to study the factors responsible for inflating carbapenems resistance.  <#LINE#> @ @ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ Indians-popping- more-antibiotics-than-ever-Study/ articleshow/ 13128701 .cms, (2014) @No $ @ @ Krisztina M., Papp W and Andiea E. ., Antimicrobial agents chemother,  55(11) , (2011) @No $ @ @ Mishra V., Chainulu S., Kaur S. and Shukla S, Antibiotic Abuse: A threat to human Health, Science and Culture,368-375 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mishra V, Chainulu S., Kaur S and Shukla S., Antibiotic Abuse: A threat to human Health., Science and Culture,368-375 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mishra V., Chainulu S., Kaur S. and Shukla S., Antibiotic Abuse: A threat to human Health., Science and Culture, 368-375 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khanna N., Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1(49) 25-30 @No $ @ @ Nobler L.K. and Tom B., The resistance phenomenon  in microbes and infections, The natural academic press, 5 (2003) @No $ @ @ Alliance for prudent use of antibiotics, science of resistance : antibiotics in agriculture, the risk to human health, 136 harrison ave, M and V  suite 8, Boston  (2014) @No $ @ @ Painter, antibiotic abuse, scientific Americans, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chadwick D.J  and  Goode J, (Editors), Antibiotic resistance: origins, evolutions, selection and spread, John wiley and sons, new York, (1997) @No
@Short Communication
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