@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Ricinus Communis Seeds<#LINE#>R.I.@Okechukwu,A.C.@Iwuchukwu,H.U.@Anuforo<#LINE#>1-3<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2014-201.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>29/11/2014<#LINE#>1/1/2015<#LINE#>Biodiesel production from Ricinus communis seeds is one of the options being considered for partially substituting diesel fuel. Diesel chemically is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids from renewable feedstock like vegetable oil, animal fats etc. the oil from the seed was extracted n-hexane as solvent and then transesterified with methanol as choice alcohol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the catalyst option. 123.2ml of biodiesel was realized from 913g of Ricinus communis seeds to 78.6ml of glycerol after separation. Properties like pH, free fatty acid (FFA), cloud point, flash point, pour point, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index, colour, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value were checked during the characterization of the produced biodiesel. The flash point and other physico-chemical properties of the produced biodiesel are within the range of American Society for Testing of Materials. Biodiesel standard specification indicated that it can be used in any diesel engine. Based on the characteristics, the produced biodiesel is biodegradable and environmentally friendly than fossil diesel. It is recommended that biodiesel be used as an alternative to fossil diesel. <#LINE#> @ @ Remesh M, Biodiesel production: Review, Bioresource Technology,70, 1–15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Nguyen NT, Minowa T, Hanaoka T and Hirata S, Biodiesel production from palm oil by transesterification, final report. Biomass Technology Research Centre, AST Chugoku, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,  (2005) @No $ @ @ Akintayo FT, Characteristics and composition of Parkia biglobossa and Jatropha curcas and cake, Bioresource Technology, 92, 307–310 (2004) @No $ @ @ Okechukwu RI, Ogukwe CE, Okereke JN and Njoku MB, Production and characterization of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas seeds, International Journal of Biotechnlogy and Biochemistry,7(3), 405–410 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fuduka H, Kando A and Noda H, Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,92, 405–415 (2001) @No $ @ @ Meher LC, Sagar DV and Naik SN, Technology aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification, Renewable and sustainable energy review, 20, 1–21 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dubey, R.C. 2006. A textbook of Biotechnology. Fourth revised and enlarge edition, S. chand and company limited, 419-421 @No $ @ @ ASTM, American Standard for Testing of Materials, Characteristics of Jatropha curcas oil, Journal of American Oil and Chemist Society, 85, 2671–2675 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mittelbatch M, Exploration of tropical oil seed plant : Jatropha curcas L., International Bioresources,34, 77–82 (1996) @No $ @ @ Preston Cl and Reece DL, Ethyl ester of rape seed used as biodiesel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 10, 331-336 (2000) @No $ @ @ Woulandakoye O, Bulari B. Bashir A and Adulrazaq, Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil, a Nigerian perspective, Journal of Bioresource and Bioengineering, 92, 122–125 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Simultaneous Second Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold and Cobalt<#LINE#>D.Prem@Kumar,A.@PraveenKumar,P.Raveendra@Reddy<#LINE#>4-7<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2014-216.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur–515 003, A.P., INDIA<#LINE#>26/12/2014<#LINE#>3/1/2015<#LINE#>A simple, sensitive, and selective second order derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of gold(III) and cobalt(II) using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) as a chromophoric reagent. The reagent (HMBATSC) reacts with Au(III) and Co(II) at pH 6.0, forming soluble blue and brown species, respectively. The second order derivative spectrum of [Au(III)–HMBATSC] exhibits reasonably sufficient amplitude at 435 nm and zero amplitude at 455 nm, and [Co(II)–HMBATSC] shows maximum amplitude at 455 nm and zero amplitude at 435 nm. This difference in amplitudes was utilized to develop a second order derivative spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Au(III) and Co(II) in a mixture without solving the simultaneous equations by measuring the second derivative amplitudes at 435 nm and 455 nm, respectively. Further, the Beer’s law was obeyed in the range 0.1178–3.7712 ml-1 of Au(III) and 0.1225–3.7400 µg ml-1 of Co(II). A large number of foreign ions do not interfere in the present method. The method is applied to the simultaneous determination of Au(III) in Rheumartho gold and Co(II) in Vitamin B12samples. <#LINE#> @ @ Fazli Y., Hassan J., Karbasi M.H. and Sarkouhi M., A simple spectrophotometric method for determination of gold (III) in aqueous samples, Minerals Engineering, 22, 210–212 (2009) @No $ @ @ Amin A.S., Utility of solid phase extraction for spectrophotometric determination of gold in water, jewel and ore samples, Spectrochimica ActaPart A,77, 1054–1058 (2010) @No $ @ @ Soomro R., Jamaluddin Ahmed M., Memon N. and Khan Humaira.,A Simple and Selective Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Trace Gold in Real, Environmental, Biological, Geological and Soil Samples Using Bis (Salicylaldehyde) Orthophenylenediamine, Analytical Chemistry Insights 3, 75–90 (2008) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Direct and derivative spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) in microgram quantities with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Journal of the Korean Chemical Society, 51(4), 331–338 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fakruddin Ali Ahmed Md., Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt in biological and environmental samples using 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde, thiosemicarbazone, International Journal of Analytical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, , 6–10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mogalali Raju M., Tejeswara Rao V. and Ramakrishna K., Direct and Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt (II) using 3, 4-DihydroxyBenzaldehyde-1- (3-Chloro-2- Quinoxalinyl) Hydrazone (DHBCQH) in Presence of Micelle Medium, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(4), 1–10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Spectrophotometric determination of nickel(II) with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 46A, 1625–1629 (2007) @No $ @ @ Srivani I., Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P., Mohan Reddy K.P.P.R. and Krishna Reddy V., Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) and its application for direct and second derivative spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II), Annali di Chimica, 97(11-12) , 1237–1245 (2007) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Direct and second derivative spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum(VI) in food stuffs and in alloy steels using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC), Journal of Chilean Chemical Society, 52(4), 1309–1313 (2007) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., A rapid, simple, and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of traces of vanadium (V) in foodstuffs, alloy Steels, and pharmaceutical, water, soil, and urine samples, Analytical Letters, 41(6), 1022–1037 (2008) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Direct and first derivative spectrophotometric determination of manganese(II) in tap water, milk, alloy steels and plant samples,  Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(1), 68–77 (2009) @No $ @ @ Prem Kumar D., Praveen Kumar A., Veera Reddy T. and Raveendra Reddy P., Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold(III) Using 2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone as a Chromophoric Reagent, ISRN Analytical Chemistry, 1–5 (2012) @No $ @ @ Prem Kumar D., Praveen Kumar A., Sreevani I. and Raveendra Reddy P., Direct and Second Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium (IV), International Journal of ChemTech Research, 4(2), 686–690 (2012) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Direct and derivative spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium(III), International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 5(4), 1442–1447 (2013) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Mohan Reddy K.P.P.R., Veera Reddy T., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Synthesis and characterisation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) and its application of simultaneous second order derivative spectrophotometric method for determination of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and vanadium(V), Main Group Chemistry, 5(3), 141–151 (2006) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Simultaneous determination of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) by fourth-order derivative spectrophotometric method using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry, 1–6  (2007) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) as a spectrophotometric reagent for second-derivative spectrophotometric determination of nickel(II) and vanadium(V), Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 84(3), 307–309 (2007) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P. and Krishna Reddy V., Simultaneous second-derivative spectrophotometric determination of cobalt and vanadium using 2-hydroxy–3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 63(1), 26–29 (2008) @No $ @ @ Praveen Kumar A., Raveendra Reddy P., Krishna Reddy V. and Lee Y.I., Simple and simultaneous method for determination of palladium(II) and ruthenium(III) using second order derivative spectrophotometry, Analytical Letters, 42(1), 84–93 (2009) @No $ @ @ Marczenko Z., Spectrophotometric determination of elements, (John Wiley, New York), 283, (1976) @No $ @ @ Marczenko, Z., Spectrophotometric determination of elements, (John Wiley, New York) 227, (1976) @No 
<#LINE#>Determination of some Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Illela Garage in Sokoto State, Nigeria<#LINE#>A.J.@Yusuf,A.@Galadima,Garba,@Z.N.,I.@Nasir<#LINE#>8-10<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2014-217.pdf<#LINE#>1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, NIGERIA Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, NIGERIA<#LINE#>14/12/2014<#LINE#>24/1/2015<#LINE#>The research investigated the concentration of some heavy metals in soil sample from Illela garage in Sokoto state using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained for these metals (Fe, Cr, Cd, Zn and Pb) from the sample location indicated that Fe was higher than all other metals. The results obtained in dry weight were Fe (1771.00 ±112.73 µg/g), Pb (117.30±7.13 µg/g), Cr (51.75±2.93µg/g), Zn (30.54±0.61 µg/g) and Cd (0.277±0.02 µg/g). The soil pH in waters was 7.12 and in CaCl2 was 6.39 and the moisture content was 5%. The concentration obtained was generally higher than the tolerable limit for safe environment as prescribed by Nigerian Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). <#LINE#> @ @ Arbike D.S., Environmental Impact of Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers,  November, 14-16 (1996) @No $ @ @ Begum A., Ramaiah M. Harikrishna, Khan, I. and Veena K., Heavy metal pollution and chemical profile of Cauvery River water, E-J. of Chem., 6, 47-52 (2009) @No $ @ @ Williamson S., Fundamentals of air pollution reading, measurement. Addison Wesly, 615 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kanmony C., Human rights and health care, New Delhi, India : Mittal Publication, 73-76 (2009) @No $ @ @ Papafilippaki A., Kotti M. and Stavroulakis G., Seasonal variations in dissolved heavy metals in the Keritis River Chania, Greece, Glob. Nes. J., 3, 320-325 (2008) @No $ @ @ Qishlaqi A. and Moore F., Statistical analysis of accumulation and sources of heavy metals occurrence in agricultural soils of Khoshk River Banks, Shiraz, Iran, Am.: Eur. J. of Agri. and Env. Sci., 2, 565-573 (2007) @No $ @ @ Inuwa M., Analytical assessments of some trace metals in soils and sodon apple  (Calotropisprocera) around the major industrial areas of North-West zone of Nigeria, 0-96 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lin H., Wong S. and Li G., Heavy metal content of rice and shell fish in Taiwan,  J. of F. and Dry. Anal., 12(2), 167-174 (2004) @No $ @ @ Voet E., Guinee B. and Udode H., Heavy metals : A problem solved. Dordrecht,  Netherlands : Kluwer Academic, 4 (2008) @No $ @ @ SonayeiY., Ismail N. and Talebi S., Determination of heavy metals in Zayandeh Road River, Isfahan-Iran, Wor. Appl. Sci. J.l., 6, 1204-1214 (2009) @No $ @ @ Inuwa, M. and Shuaibu, M. A Review on Heavy metals pollution: Sources and toxicity.  J.of Res. in Phys. Sci., 3(4): 51-56 (2007) @No $ @ @  IITA, Selected Methods for Soil and Plant, Manual Series No :1, Ibadan, 2-50 (1979) @No $ @ @ Walinga I., Van Vark W., Houba V.J.G. and Vander Lee J.J., Plant analysis procedures, Wageningen agricultural units (soil and plant part 7) A series syllable, Netherlands, 10-167 (1989) @No $ @ @ Sahrawal K.L., Ravi kumar G. and RaoJ.K., Procedures for the Determination K, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu in plant materials, Sci. Res., 2(6), 515-521 (2002) @No $ @ @ Brady C.N.  and Weil R.R., Soil colloids, their nature and preclinical significance, The nature and properties of soils, 12th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall, Inc, 88, 338-384 (1999) @No $ @ @ Usman O.A.S., Some plant species as bio-indicators of heavy metals in Bauchi  municipality, PhO Thesis (Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, 66, (2000) @No $ @ @ Abubakar M. and Ayodele J.T. Metal Accumulation in Trace Sediments and in the Shell of Two Species of Fresh Water Mollusks InTiga Lake kano, Nig. J. ofBas. and Appl. Sci., 1181-90 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jankiewicz B., Ptaszynski B. and Turex A., Spectrophotometric determination of iron (II) in the soil of selected allotment gardens in lodz, Pol. J. of Env. Stud., 11(6), 745-749 (2002) @No $ @ @ Abdulrahman F. M., BirninYauri U.A., Inuwa M. and Tsafe A.I., Sodon Apple  (Calotropisprocera) as a bio-indicator of Heavy metals pollution in Sokoto metropolis,  Nigeria, Bull.of the Sci. Assoc. of Nig, 26, 433-437 (2005) @No $ @ @ Aliyu M. and Bello M., Trace metals contamination of selected workshops in Sokoto municipality, Nig. J. of Bas. and Appl. Sci., 13, 29-34 (2004) @No $ @ @ Aliyu M. and Bello M., Trace Metals Contamination of Selected Workshops in Sokoto Municipality, Nig. J. of Bas. and Appl. sci., 13, 29-34 (2004) @No $ @ @ WHO, Air monitoring programme designed for Urban and Industrial areas (published for global environmental monitoring system) by UNEP, WHO and WMO, (1971) @No $ @ @ FEPA, Guidelines and Standard for environmental pollution control in Nigeria, Federal Republic of Nigeria,  61-63 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zaharaddeen N. Garba, Galadima A.and Abdulfatai A., Siaka, Mineral Composition, Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acids Profile of Citrullus Vulgaris Seed Oil, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 4(6), 1-6, (2014) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa Lilian Ifeoma, Awotoye Olusegun O. and OgbonnaPrincewill C., Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plant in a Quarry Site in Southwestern Nigeria, Res. J. chem.sci., 4(8), 1-6 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Azole Drug : A Novel Inhibitor for Corrosion<#LINE#>Baby@Nirmala,P.@Manjula,S.@Manimegalai@<#LINE#>11-16<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2014-220.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Science and Humanities, Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Oddanchatram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Head, Department of Chemistry, APA College for Women, Palani, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, APA College of Arts and Culture, Palani Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>20/12/2014<#LINE#>24/1/2015<#LINE#> Heterocyclic compounds with atoms like N, O, and S are good corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys. Molecules containing both N and S have good inhibition property when compared with molecules containing only N or S. A good inhibitor of corrosion should be alkaline. Azole drugs such as Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole are good corrosion inhibitors due to the presence of aromatic rings, hetero-atoms and alkaline character. The rate of corrosion and inhibition efficiency of mild steel in the absence and presence of Fluconazole (FA) and Zn2+ containing 60ppm chloride ion has been studied by mass loss method. The inhibition efficiency of the system with 220ppm FA and 50ppm Zn2+ was high. AC impedance spectra, polarization study, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectra were analysed for knowing the nature of protective coating formed.  <#LINE#> @ @ Lashgari M., Arshadi M. and Biglar M., Chem. Eng. Comm., 197, 1303-1314 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bentiss F., Traisnel M. and Lagrenee M., Corros. Sci., 42, 127-146 (2000) @No $ @ @ Trabanelli G., Chemical Industries: Corrosion Mechanism”, F.Mansfeld (Ed.), New York, MarcelDekker, P.120 (1987) @No $ @ @ Yan Y., Li W., Cai L. and Hou B., Electrochim. Acta 53,5953-5960 (2008) @No $ @ @ Derya Loce H., Kaan C., Emregul and Atakol O., Corrosion Sci., 50, 1460-1468 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bentiss F., Lgrenee M., Traisnel M. and Hornez J.C., Corros. Sci., 41, 789-803 (1999) @No $ @ @ Riggs O.L. Jr., Corrosion Inhibitors, Ed. C. C. Nathan, USA, NACE, 7, (1973) @No $ @ @ Pattan S.R., Dighe N.S., Merekar A.N., Laware R.B., Shinde H.V. and Musmade D.S., AsianJ. Res. Chem., (2), 196-201 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramesh S. and Rajeswari S., Corrosion Inhibition of mild steel in neutral aqueous solution by new Triazole derivatives, Electrochimicat Acta, 49(5), 811-820 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bentiss F., Lagrene’e M., Traisnel M. and Gorenez J., The Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in acidic media by a new Traizole Derivative, Corrosion Sci., 41(4), 789-803 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bentiss F., Traisnel M., Gengembre L. and Lagrene’e M., A new Triazole Derivative as Inhibitor of the acid corrosion of mild steel, Electrochemical studies, weight loss determination, SEM AND XPS, Applied surface Science, 152(3-4), 237-249 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sudheer and Quraishi M.A., Effect of pharmaceutically active compound Omeprazole, on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution, J. Chem. Pharm. Res,  3(5), 82-92 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manohar S.E., Environmental Chemistry (London, Sixth Edition, Lewis Publishers, (1996) @No $ @ @ www.doctorfungus.org/thedrugs/fluconazole.php, (2014) @No $ @ @ Ahamad I., Khan S., Ansari K.R., Quraishi M.A.,  J .Chem. Pharm. Res., 3, 703-717 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Uma V., Krishnaveni A., Jeyasundari J., Shyamaladevi B. and Maivannan M., Arabian, J. Sci. Eng., 34, 147-158 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajendran S., Sumithra P., Devi B.S. and Jeyasundar J., Zastita Materijala,50, 223 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rathish R.J., Rajendran S., Christy J.L., Devi B.S., Johnmary S., Manivannan M., Rajam K., Rengan P., Open Corros. J., 3, 38-44 (2010) @No $ @ @ Benita Sherine M., Mani R.K. and Rajendran S., J. Electrochem, Soc. India, 57, 67-73 (2008) @No $ @ @ Narayanasamy B. and Rajendran S., Prog. org. coat., 67,246-254 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yesu Y., Thangam M., kalanithi C., Mary Anbarasi and Rajendran S., The Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 34, 37- 47 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kanimozhi S.A. and Rajendran S., Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 35, 41-52 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sathiyabama J., Rajendran S., Sundari J.J. and Shyamaladevi B., J. Eng. Sci. Tech. Rev., 3, 27-31 (2010) @No $ @ @ Silverstein R.M., Bassler G.C. and Morrill T.C., Spectometric Identification of Organic Compound, John wiley sons, Newyork, 134 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sekine I., Hirakawa Y., Corrosion,42, 272 (1986) @No
<#LINE#>Cytogenotoxicity evaluation of LOKPODJI and AGBOKOU sites of pollution using Allium Cepa assay<#LINE#>Cakpo@ArthurRomuald,Sagbo1@Etienne,Mama@Daouda,Soumanou@etMohamedM.<#LINE#>17-22<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2015-003.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et de l’Environnement (LaCIE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey -Calavi BP : 4521 Cotonou, République du BENIN @ Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA), Université d’Abomey- Calavi, République du BENIN @ Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LERCA), Ecole polytechnique d’Abomey- Calavi (EPAC), Université @ d’Abomey- Calavi, République du BENIN <#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>14/2/2015<#LINE#>The cytogenotoxic effects of LOKPODJI and AGBOKOU sites from Porto-Novo lagoon (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were evaluated using root tip cells of Allium cepa. In this study, root length and chromosomal aberration assays were used to determine the 96 h effective concentration (96h, EC 50), roots growth inhibition, mitotic index and chromosome aberration rate. According to the results obtained, water of AGBOKOU site was 2 times more toxic than those of LOKPODJI site and one has different significant between the average lengths of the roots of onions exposed in the various concentrations of the two sites (P  0,05). This indicated that the root growth inhibition was concentrations dependent. The mitotic index (MI) decreases with increasing concentrations of water on AGBOKOU site on the other hand on the site of LOKPODJI, it decreases up to 50% and increases from 75% to 100%. Water of the two sites induced chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells of Allium cepa with chromosomal malformations such as vagrant chromosome, fragment, bridges and sticky chromosomes being most frequently observed. The common aberrations observed when the concentrations are weak are the fragments and bridges chromosomes. Genotoxicity test carried out on the chromosomes of onions roots tips made it possible to measure the genotoxic effects of water on two studied sites.<#LINE#> @ @ Grover I.S. and Kaur S., Genotoxicity of wastewater samples from sewage and industrial effluent detected by the Allium root anaphase aberration and micronucleus assays, Mutat. Res., 426, 183-188 (1999) @No $ @ @ Odeigah C. and Osanyipeju O., Genotoxic effects of two industrial    effluent and ethylmethane sulfonite in clarias will lazera, Food chem. Tox., 33, 501-505 (1995) @No $ @ @ Chan Y.K., Wong C.K., Hsieh D.P.H., Ng S.P., Lau T.K. and Wong P.K., Application of a toxicity identification evaluation for a sample of effluent discharged from has dyeing factory in Hong Kong, Environ. Tox., 18, 312-316 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lah B., Gorjane G., Nekrep F.V. and Marinsek- Logar R., Comet assay of waste water genotoxicity using yeast cells, Bull. Environ.  Contam.  Tox., 72, 607-616  (2004) @No $ @ @ Smolders R., Bervoets L. and Blust R., In situ and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the impact of effluent discharges one receiving aquatic ecosystems, Environ.  Pol., 132(2), 231-243 (2004) @No $ @ @ Abdel-Migid H.M., Azad Y. and Ibrahim W.M., Use of plant   genotoxicity bioassay for the evaluation of efficiency of algal biofilters in bioremediation of toxic industrial effluent, Ecotox. Environ. Safety,66, 57-64 (2007) @No $ @ @ Junior H.M., da-Silva J., Arenzon A., Portela C.S., de-Sa-Ferreira I.C. and Henniques J.A.P., Evaluation of genotoxicity and toxicity of water and sediment samples from a Brazilian stream influenced by tannery industries, Chemosphere, 67, 1211-1217 (2007) @No $ @ @ Grisolia C.K. and Cordeiro C.M.T., Variability in micronucleus induction with different mutagens applied to several species of fish, Gen.  Mol.  Biol.,  23(1), 235 – 239 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cotelle S., Masfaraud J. and Ferard J., Assessment of the genotoxicity of contamined soil with the Allium Nicia : micronucleis and the Tradescantia – micronucleus assays, Muta. Res,426, 167-171  (1999) @No $ @ @ Samuel O., Osuala F. and Odeigah P.G., Cytogenotoxicity evaluation of two industrial effluent using Allium cepa assay, African Journal of Environnemental Science and Technology,4(1), 21-27 (2010) @No $ @ @ Odeigah P.G., Ijimakinwa J., Lawal B. and Oyeniyi R., Genotoxicity screening of leachates from solid industrial wastes evaluated with the Allium test, Atla, 25, 311-321 (1997b) @No $ @ @ Bakare A.A., Mosuro A.A. and Osibanjo O., Cytotoxic effects of landfill leachate on allium cepa, L. Biosci.  Res.  Com., 11(1), 1-13 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bakare A.A., Mosuro A.A, Osibanjo O., Effect of simulated leachate on chromosomes and mitosis in roots of Allium cepa (L), J. Environ. Biol,21(3), 263-271 (2000) @No $ @ @ Majer B.J., Grummt T., Uhi M. and Knasmuller S., Use of plant bioassays for the detection of genotoxins in the aquatic environment, Acta Hydrochim.  Hydrobiol, 33(1), 45-55 (2005) @No $ @ @ El-Shahaby A.O., Abdel-Migid H.M., Soliman M.I. and Mashaly I.A., Genotoxicity screening of industrial wastewater using the allium cepa chromosome aberration assays, Pakistan J Biol.  Sci., , 23-28 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chauhan L.K.S., Saxena P.N. and Gupta S.K., Cytogenetic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate on the root meristem cells of allium cepa, Environ.  Exp. Bot.,  42, 181-189 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vicentini V.E.P., Comparoto M.L., Teixeira R.O. and Mantovani M.S., Averrhoa carambola L, Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels and Cissus sicoydes L:  Medicinal herbal tea effects on vegetal and animal test systems, Acta Scientiarum, 23, 593-598 (2001) @No $ @ @ Teixeira R.O., Comparoto M.L., Mantovani M.S. and Vicentini V.E.P., Assessment of two medecinal plants Psidium guajava L and Achillea millefolium L, in vitro and in vivo assays, Gen. Mol. Biol., 26, 551-555 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rank J. and Nielson M.H., Genotoxicity testing of wastewater sludge using the Allium cepa anaphase telophase chromosome aberration assays, Mutat. Res., 418, 113-119 (1998) @No $ @ @ Moraes D. and Jordao B., Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of municipal waste water discharged into the Paraguay  river during periods of food and drought, Environ.  Tox.,  16, 113-116 (2001) @No $ @ @ Odeigah P.G.C., Nurudeen O. and Amund O.O., Genotoxicity of oil field wastewater in Nigeria, Hereditas,126, 161-167  (1997a) @No $ @ @ Rank J., The method of Allium anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assays, Ekologija,, 38-42 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rencuzogullari E., Kayraldiz A., Ila H.B., Cakmak T. and Topaktas M., The cytogenetic effects of sodium metabisulfite, a food preservative in root tip cells of Allium cepa L, Turk. J. Biol, 25, 361-370 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fiskesjo G., The allium test as the standard in environmental monitoring, Hereditas, 102, 99-112 (1985) @No $ @ @ Fiskesjo G., The allium test: An alternative in environmental studies, The Relative toxicity of metal ions, Mutat. Res., 197, 243–260 (1988) @No $ @ @ Kong M.S. and Ma T.H., Genotoxicity of contaminated soil and shallow well water detected by plant bioassays, Mutat. Res.,  426(2), 221-230 (1999) @No $ @ @ Qian X.W., Mutagenic effects of chromium trioxyde on root tips of Vicia faba, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.,  5(12), 1570-1576 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rank J. and Nielson M.H., Evaluation of the Allium anaphase : Telophase test in the relation to genotoxicity screening of industrial wastewater, Mutat. Res,312, 17-24 (1994) @No
<#LINE#>The Effect of Spinel formation in the Ceramic Welding Fluxes on the Properties of Molten Slag<#LINE#>O.A.@Davidenko,E.@SokolskyV.,V.@LisnyakV.,S.@RoikO.,I.A.@Goncharov,I.@GalinichV.<#LINE#>23-31<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2015-007.pdf<#LINE#>Chemical Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, UKRAINE @ The E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, UKRAINE<#LINE#>11/1/2015<#LINE#>28/1/2015<#LINE#>The magnesia- and alumina-based binary and ternary mixtures of the oxides as well as quaternary oxide-fluoride mixtures, which contain MgO and Al, can form the spinel MgAl4 phase at high temperature treatment.Thespinel phase formation and related issues were examined for these mixtures and commercial ceramic welding fluxes. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), and gravimetry analysis were used to examine the phase composition of slags. For the major of the studied compositions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)showsthe formation of the prismatic microcrystallites of ca. 10-35 mkm. The energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysisconfirmsthat pyramid-shaped prismatic crystals have MgAl spinel stoichiometry. The spinel crystallites are insoluble in the slags, according to the   HT-XRD and PXRD data, and so the contribution of a part of the slag components that forming the spinel should be excluded at the estimation of characteristics of the slag melts. Based on this fact, it was proposed to quantify the spinel phase formed in the molten slag. Three convenient analytical techniques were proposed for the accurate determination of the weight and the volume fractions of the spinel phase in the slags. Two of these techniques are based on the internal standard method, which is applied in the framework of the quantitative PXRD analysis. The third technique is originated from the gravimetric analysis of the products of the solid slags etching that was conducted applying strong acids. The data obtained by the methods are sufficiently agrees with each other. The results of the spinel quantification were used to estimate the molten slag basicity and viscosity.  <#LINE#> @ @ Minnick W.H., Flux Cored Arc Welding Handbook, Goodheart-Willcox, Tinley Park, IL, 176 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pokhodnya I.K., Metallurgy of arc welding of structural steels and welding materials, Welding International, 24(11), 867-878 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kobelco Welding Handbook 2014, Kobe steel LTD, Kobe, Japan, available online at: http://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/welding/handbook/pageview/html/category.html, (01.01.2015), (2015) @No $ @ @ Podgaetskii V.V. and Kuzmenko V.G., Welding slag, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 256 (1988) @No $ @ @ Podgaetsky V.V. and Lyuborets I.I., Welding fluxes, Tekhnika, Kiev, 167 (1984) @No $ @ @ Brook R.J., Concise encyclopedia of advanced ceramic materials, Pergamon, Oxford, 588 (1991) @No $ @ @ Pokhodnya I.K., Gorpenyuk V.N., Milichenko S.S. andPonomarev V.E., Metallurgy of arc welding: arc processes and electrode melting, Riecansky Science, Cambridge, UK, 250 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sokolsky V.E., Roik O.S., Davidenko A.O., KazimirovV.P., Lisnyak V.V., Galinich V.I., Goncharov I.A.and TokarevV.S.,What makes a good weld in terms of its structure and chemical composition?, Research journal ofChemical Sciences, 4(12), 86-92 (2014) @No $ @ @ Olson D.L., The investigation of the influence of welding flux on the pyrometallurgical, physical and mechanical behavior of weld metal, Final report of Center for welding research, Colorado school of mines, Golden, Colorado, 28 (1983) @No $ @ @ Eagar T.W., Thermochemistry of joining, in Koros P.J. and St. Pierre G.R. (Eds.), Elliot Symp. on Chemical Process Metallurgy, Iron and Steel Society, Warrendale, 197-208 (1991) @No $ @ @ Yakobashvili S.B., Surface properties of welding fluxes and slags, Tekhnika, Kiev, 208 (1970) @No $ @ @ Novozhilov N.M., Fundamental metallurgy of gas-shielded arc welding, Gordon and Breach, New York, 400 (1988) @No $ @ @ Boronenkov V., Zinigrad M., Leontiev L., Pastukhov E., Shalimov M. and Shanchurov S., Phase Interaction in the Metal–Oxide Melts–Gas System: The Modeling of Structure, Properties and Processes, Springer, New York-Berlin-Heidelberg, 410 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deyev G.F. and Deyev D.G., Physical Chemistry of Fusion Welding, DGD Press, St. Paul, MI, 780 (2009) @No $ @ @ Golovko V.V. and Potapov N.N., Special features of agglomerated (ceramic) fluxes in welding, Welding International, 25(11), 889-893 (2011) @No $ @ @ Goncharov I.A., Sokolsky V.E., Davidenko A.O., Galinich V.I. and Mishchenko D.D., Formation of spinel in melt of the MgO-Al-SiO-CaF system agglomerated welding flux and its effect on viscosity of slag, The Paton Welding Journal, 12, 18-25 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sokolsky V.E., Roik O.S., Davidenko A.O., Kazimirov V.P., Lisnyak V.V., Galinich V.I. andGoncharov I.A., Thephase evolution at high-temperature treatment of the oxide-fluoride ceramic flux, Research journal ofChemical Sciences, 4(4)71-77 (2014) @No $ @ @ Monaghan B.J. and Chen L., Effect of changing slag composition on spinel inclusion dissolution, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 33(4), 323-330 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nightingale S.A. and Monaghan B.J., Kinetics of spinel formation and growth during dissolution of MgO in CaO-Al-SiO slag, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B., 39(5)643-648 (2008) @No $ @ @ Coudurier L., Hopkins D.W., Wilkomirsky I., Fundamentals of Metallurgical Processes: International Series on Materials, Fundamentals of Metallurgical Processes, Elsevier Science, Burlington, 417 (2013) @No $ @ @ Albertsson G.J., Effect of the presence of a dispersed phase (solid particles, gas bubbles) on the viscosity of slag, Ms. Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 27 (2009) @No $ @ @ Frenkel J. Kinetic theory of liquids. Dover, N.Y., 485 (1968) @No $ @ @ Ledovskaya E.G., Gabelkov S.V., Litvinenko L.M., Logvinkov D.S., Mironova A.G., deychuk ., Poltavtsev N.S. and Tarasov R.V., Low temperature synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel, Problems of atomic science and technology, 38(17), 160-162 (2006) @No $ @ @  Sokol'skii V.E. , Kazimirov V.P. and Kuzmenko V.G., X-ray diffraction study of the multi-component oxide systems, J. Mol. Liquids,93(1-3), 235-238 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shpak A.P., Sokolsky V.E., Kazimirov V.P., Smyk S., Kunitsky Yu., Structural features of oxide melts system. Academperiodika, Kiev, 137 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kraus W. and Nolze G. Powder cell 3.2, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), available online at: http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/ccp/web-mirrors/powdcell/a_v/v_1/powder/e_cell.html, (10.01.2012), (2012) @No $ @ @ The Crystallography Open Database (COD), (2009), available online at: http://www.crystallography.net (10.01.2014), (2014) @No $ @ @ JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data, PDF-2 Database ICDD, Release 54, Newton Square, PA, USA, (2004) @No $ @ @ Zevin L.S. and Kimmel G., Quantitative X-ray diffractometry, Springer, N.Y., 300 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lifshin E., X-ray Characterization of Materials, Wiley, Weinheim, 277 (2008) @No $ @ @ Alekseev V.N., Quantitative Analysis: a text book, University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, 491 (2000) @No $ @ @ Korenman I.M., Methods for quantitative chemical analysis, Khimia, Moscow, 128 (1989) @No $ @ @ Park J.H., Solidification structure of CaO–SiO–MgO–Al(–CaF) systems and computational phase equilibria: crystallization of MgAl spinel, CALPHAD, 31, 428-437 (2007) @No $ @ @ Park J.H., Min D.J. and Song H.S. The effect of CaF on the viscosities and structure of  CaO-SiO(-MgO)-CaF slags, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B., 33, 723-729 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nikolaev A.I., Pechenyuk S.I., Semushina Yu.P.,Semushin V.V., Kuz'mich L.F., Rogachev D.L., Mikhailova N.L., Brusnitsyn Yu.D. and Rybin V.V., Interaction of components of electrode coatings with liquid glass during heating, Welding International, 25(5), 378-381 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sokolsky V.E., Roik A.S., Davidenko A.O., Kazimirov V.P., Lisnyak V.V., Galinich V.I. and Goncharov I.A., X-ray diffraction and SEM/EDX studies on technological evolution of the oxide-fluoride ceramic flux for submerged arc-surfacing, J. Min. Metall. Sect. B Metall., 48, 101-113 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies on Adsorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ using Brachystegia eurycoma Seed coat as Biosorbent<#LINE#>F.K@Onwu,S.O.@Ngele<#LINE#>32-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2015-008.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, NIGERIA @ Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, NIGERIA<#LINE#>12/1/2015<#LINE#>31/1/2015<#LINE#>The potential of B.eurycoma seed coat as biosorbent for removing Cd2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions has been studied. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as function of pH, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. Maximum metal sorption was found to occur at pH 6.0 at initial concentration of 30 mg/L and at 30C. The maximum adsorption capacity of B.eurycoma corresponding to sites saturation was found to be 4.286 and 4.390 mg/g respectively for initial Cd2+and Zn2+ concentration of 30 mg/L at a temperature of 40 C. The results were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherms using linearized correlation coefficient at different temperatures. Results showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich models gave the best interpretation to the equilibrium adsorption data for the Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions–B.eurycoma systems studied. The following thermodynamic parameters: H, S and G were calculated and results obtained showed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. <#LINE#> @ @ Nazris N., Rahmiana Z., Edison M. and Jiye J., Biosorption of Copper (II), Lead (II), Cadmium (II) and Zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution by Nypa fruticansShell on batch method. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6(12), 370-376 (2014) @No $ @ @ Onwu F.K., Abii T.A. and Ogbonna A.C., Kinetic studies on the use of agricultural wastes for the removal of lead, cadmium and nickel ions from aqueous solutions, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6(12), 471-480 (2014) @No $ @ @ Cordero B., Lodeiro P., Herrero R. and Sastre de Vicente M.E., Biosorption of Cadmium by Fucus spiralis, Environ. Chem. 1, 180-187 (2004) @No $ @ @ Crini G., Recent development of Polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbent in waste water treatment, Progress in Polym. Sci., 30, 38-70 (2005) @No $ @ @ Igwe J.C. and Abia A.A., A bioseparation process for removing heavy metals from waste water using biosorbents. African Journal of Biotechnol., 5(12),1167-1179 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dada A.O., Olalekan A.P., Olatunya A.M. and Dada O., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich Isotherms Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Zn2+ Unto Phosphoric Acid Modified Rice Husk,  IOSR Journal of Applied Chem., 3(1), 38-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Volesky B., Detoxification of metal-bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century, Hydrometallurgy,59, 203–216 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya A.K., Mandal S.N. and Das S.K., Adsorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solution by using different adsorbents, Journal Chem. Eng., 123, 43–51 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krishnan K.A. and Anirudhan T.S., Removal of Cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by steam-activated sulphurised carbon prepared from sugar-cane bagassepith : Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies, Water SA, 29(2), 147-156 (2003) @No $ @ @ Filipic M., Molecular mechanisms of cadmium induced mutagenicity, Human Exp. Toxicol., 25, 67-77 (2006) @No $ @ @ Akesson A., Julin B. and Wolk A., Long-term dietary cadmium intake and postmenopausal endometrial cancer incidence: a population-based prospective cohort study, Cancer Res., 68, 6435-6441 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kumar R., Abraham T.N and Jain S.K., The removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using silica support immobilized with 2-hydroxyacetonephenone-3-thiosemicarbazone, nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development, 4, 48-52 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manoj K.G., Sarita S., Ashok K.S. and Sanjay V., Study on removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions by low cost adsorbent, International Journal of Chem. Stud., 2(3), 30-35 (2014) @No $ @ @ Horsfall M. Jnr. and Spiff A.I., Equilibrium Sorption Study of Al3+, Co2+ and Ag in Aqueous Solutions by Fluted Pumpkin (TelfairiaOccidentalis HOOK f) Waste Biomass, Acta Chim. Slov.,52, 174-181 (2005) @No $ @ @ Malkoc E. and Nuhoglu Y., Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Cr(VI) onto waste acorn of Quercus ithaburensis, Chem. Eng. Proces.,46, 1020-1029 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abia A.A. and Asuquo E.D., Sorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions onto chemically unmodified and modified iol palm fruit fibre adsorbent: Analysis of pseudo second order kinetic models, Indian Journal of Chem.Technol., 15, 341-348 (2008) @No $ @ @ Onwu, F.K. and Ogah S.P.I., Studies on the effect of pH on the sorption of cadmium(II), Nickel(II), lead(II) and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by African white star apple (Chrysophyllum albidium) shell. African Journal of Biotechnol., 9(42),7086-7093 (2010) @No $ @ @ Igwe O.U. and Okwu D.E., Phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activities of Brachystegiaeurycoma seeds and stem bark, Der Pharma Chemica, 5(1), 224-228 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ogbonna A.C., Abii T.A. and Onwu F.K., Equilibrium studies on biosorption of lead, cadmium and nickel ions using cassava waste biomass, J. Chem. Pharm. Res,6(12), 418-432 (2014) @No $ @ @ Farghali A.A, Bahgat M., Allah A.E. and Khedr M.H., Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using copper oxide nanostructures, Journal of Basic and Applied Sci., , 261-71 (2013) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan T.S., Rajgopal L.R., Miranda, Chromium(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea Brasilinesis sawdust activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., B124, 192–199 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dursun G., Çiçek H. and Dursun A.Y., Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by using carbonised beet pulp, J. Hazard. Mater., B125, 175–182 @No $ @ @ Anusiem A.C.I., Onwu F.K and Ogah S.P.I., Adsorption Isotherm Studies of Ni(ll), Cd (ll) and Pb (ll) ions from Aqueous Solutions by African White Star Apple Chrysophyllum albidium) Shell, International Journal of Chem., 20(4), 265-274 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chengwen S., Shuaihua W., Murong C., Ping T., Mihua S. and Guangrui G., Adsorption Studies of Coconut Shell Carbons Prepared by KOH Activation for Removal of Lead(II) From Aqueous Solutions, Sustainability, 6, 86-98 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>A Highly Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Micro level Determination of  Nitrite and Nitrate anions by Coupling of Tetrazotized Benzidine and N,N-dimethylaniline<#LINE#>K.G.@Chandrashekhara,GopalakrishnaBhatN.,P.@Nagaraj<#LINE#>42-47<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2015-012.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Merlapadav, Mangaluru-574 143, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Dr. M.V Shetty Institute of Technology, Moodbidri-574 225, INDIA<#LINE#>12/9/2014<#LINE#>25/1/2015<#LINE#>A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of anions, nitrite and nitrate has been described. Determination of nitrite is by means of reactions involving tetrazotisation of Benzidine, followed by coupling withN,N-dimethylaniline and determination of nitrate is mainly based on reduction of nitrate to nitrite by using granular Zinc in NaCl. The produced nitrite is then availed to tetrazotize the Benzidine, which is then coupled with N,N-dimethylaniline  to form pinkish red colored an azo dye in acidic medium.  Measured the absorbance of resulted colored dye solution at 538 nm. Amount of reagents required is optimised and the extent of tolerance limit by the diverse ions was investigated. The Beer-Lambert’s linearity range for Benzidine- N,N-dimethylaniline couple was found to be 0.05 to 0.3g/mL of nitrite with molar absorptivity  3.475x10Lmol-1cm-1 and sandell’s sensitivity 3.3152x10-4gcm-2. The evaluated detection limit and quantization limit for the determination of nitrite were 0.00348gmL-1 and 0.0105 gmL-1 respectively. The investigated method is useful for the determination of microgram quantity of anions nitrite and nitrate in water and soil specimens.<#LINE#> @ @ Ensafi A.A, Rezaei.B and Nouroozi.S., Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate by flow injection analysis, Anal. Sci.,20(12), 1749-1754 2004 @No $ @ @ Healeh.M.I.H and Korenaga.T., Ion chromatographic method for simultaneous   determination of nitrate and nitrite in human saliva, J.Chromatogr.,44(2), 433-437 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gabbay J., Almog Y, Davison M and Donangi A.E., Rapid spectrophotometric micro determination of nitrite in water, Analyst,102, 371-376 (1977) @No $ @ @ Manzoori J.L., Sorouraddin M and Haji-Shabani A.M., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of carminic acid by bromated, Talanta,46(8), 1379-1386 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ali mohammed haji shabani, Peter S Eter and Ian Mckelvie D., Simple flow injection Analysis system for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amount nitrite in water samples, J.Flow.Injection Anal.,7,146-152 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vandenberg C.M.G. and Li. H., The determination of nano molar levels of nitrite in fresh and sea water using cathodic stripping voltammetry, Anal.Chim.Acta.,212, 31-37 (1988) @No $ @ @ Diallo S, Bastard P, Prognon P, Dauphin C and HamonM., A new spectrofluorimetric micro determination of nitrite in water after diazotization with 4-methylaminocoumarin, Talanta, 43(3), 359-364 (1996) @No $ @ @ Jaim L and Maria O.R., Determination of nitrite ions in well water by biamperometric  standard addition, Electroanalysis,  5(3), 251-255 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sunil sabharwal., Determination of nitrite ion by differential-pulse polarography using N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine, Analyst, 115, 1305-1307 (1990) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia A and Verma K.K., Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of nitrite, Talanta, 41(8), 1275-1279 (1994) @No $ @ @ Saltzman B.E., Colorimetric micro determination of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere, Anal. Chem.,26(12), 1949-1955 (1954) @No $ @ @ Kumar B.S.M, Srikanth T.R. and Balasubramanian N., Spectrophotometric  determination   of nitrogen dioxide in air, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.,345(8-9), 592-594 1993) 13.Shanthi K and Balasubramanian N., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite and nitrate, J. AOAC Int.,77(6), 1639-1646 (1994) @No $ @ @ Moorcroft M.J., Devis J and Compton R.G., Detection and determination of nitrate and Nitrite: A review, Talanta, 54(5), 785-803 (2001) @No $ @ @ Horita K. and Satake M., Column pre concentration analysis spectrophotometric determination of nitrate and nitrite by a diazotization–coupling reaction, Analyst, 122, 1569-1574 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wang GF, Satake M and Horita K., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate and nitrite in water and some fruit samples using column pre concentration, Talanta,46(4), 671-678 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hartley A.M and Asai R.I., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate with 2,6,-xylenol as reagent, Anal. Chem.,35(9), 1207-1213 (1963) @No $ @ @ Keeney D.R, Byrnes B.H and Genson J.J., Determination of nitrate in waters with the nitrate-selective ion electrode, Analyst, 95, 383-386 (1970) @No $ @ @ Crowther D, Monaghan J.M, Cook K and Gara D., Nitrate and nitrite determination in complex matrices by gradient ion chromatography, Anal. Commum., 33, 51-52(1996) @No $ @ @ Williams W. J, Handbook of Anion Determination(Butterworths), London, 119 (1979) @No $ @ @ Norwitz G and Keliher P.N., Inorganic interferences in the 2,4-xylenol  spectrophotometric method for nitrate and their elimination, Anal. Chem. Acta., 98, 323-333 (1978) @No $ @ @ Andrews D.W.W., A sensitive method for determining nitrate in water with 2,6-xylenol, Analyst, 89, 730-734 (1964) @No $ @ @ Osibanjo D and Ajayi S.O., Rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrate in rain water using 3, 4-xylenol, Analyst,105, 908-912(1980) @No $ @ @ Hora F.D. and Webber P.J., A source of serious error in the determination of nitrate by the phenoldisulphonic acid method and its remedy, Analyst, 85, 564-567(1960) @No $ @ @ Jenkins D, Medsker L.L and Brucine, Method for determination of nitrate in ocean, estuarine and fresh waters,  Anal. Chem.,36(3), 610-612 (1964) @No $ @ @ West P.W. and Ramachandran T.P., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate using chromotropic acid, Anal. Chem. Acta., 35,317-324 (1966) @No $ @ @ Pokorny G and Likussar W., Uber die verwendung von oxazinen in der analytic Mitteillung. nilblau a zur bestimmung von nitrat, Anal. Chem. Acta.,42, 253-257 1968) @No $ @ @ Baca P and Freiser H., Determination of trace levels of nitrates by an extraction photometric method, Anal.Chem.,49(14), 2249-2250 (1977) @No $ @ @ Gayathri N and Balasubramanian N., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrogen dioxide, nitrite and nitrate with Neutral Red, Analusis, 27(2), 174-181 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bashi W.A and Flanerz S, Photometric determination of nitrite, Talanta,28(9), 697-699 (1981) @No $ @ @ Chaube A, Baveja A.K and Gupta V.K., Extractive spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in polluted waters,  Anal. Chem. Acta., 143, 273-276 (1982) @No $ @ @ Amin D., Determination of nitrite on using the reaction with 4-aminobenzotriflouride and 1-Naphthol, Analyst, 111, 1335-1337 (1986) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A and Wilkinson G., Advanced inorganic chemistry,5 th edn., John wiley and Smc.Inc, (1988) @No $ @ @ Pradhananga R, Khadka D.B and Shrestha N.K., Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of nitrite in water with 4-aminophenylacetic acid and 1-Naphthol, J.Nepal Chem.Soc., 11, 36-43 (1992) @No $ @ @ Flanerz S and Bashir W.A., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water, Analyst106, 243-247 (1981) @No $ @ @ Geetha K and Balasubramanian N., A facile analytical method for the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples, Chem Anal. (Warsaw),46, 579-588 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sreekumar N.V., Narayana B, Prashant H, Manjunatha B.R. and Sarojini B.K., Determination of nitrite by simple diazotization method,  Microchem. J., 74(1), 27-32 (2003) @No $ @ @ Afkhami A, Masahi S and Bahram M., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its reaction with p-Nitroaniline in the presence of diphenylamine in micellar media, Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc.,25(7), 1009-1011 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sukumar C, Sunitha M.B and Gupta V.K., Spectrophotometric determination of  nitrite, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 81(1), 522-524 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cherrian T and Narayana B., A new system for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental samples, J.Braz.Chem.Soc., 17(3), 577-581 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ozmen H, Polat F and Cukurovali A., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water samples with 4-(1-methyl-1-mesitylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-aminothiazole, Anal.Lett.,39(4), 823-833 (2006) @No $ @ @ Narayana B and Sunil K., Spectrophotometric determination of Nitrite and Nitrate, Eurassian .J.Anal.Chem.,4(2), 204-214 (2009) @No $ @ @ Veena K. and Narayana B., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using new coupling agents, Ind.J.Chem.Technol.,16, 89-92 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khadka Deba Bahadur and Duwadi Anjeeta., Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of nitrite in water with 4-Aminophenylacetic acid and Phloroglucinol, Int.Res.J.Environment Sci., 3(4), 64-69 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>An Alternate Green Route to Synthesis of Mono and Diesters using Solid Acid Catalysts<#LINE#>Ghodke@Shrinivas,Uma@Chudasama<#LINE#>48-58<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2015-013.pdf<#LINE#>Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 001, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>29/1/2015<#LINE#>10/2/2015<#LINE#>The conventional catalysts used in esterification reactions are liquid acids that are not environment friendly. Keeping with global trends, in the present endeavour, an effort has been made to replace the conventional homogeneous liquid acid catalysts by heterogeneous solid acid catalysts. M(IV) Phosphotungstates [M(IV)= Zr, Ti and Sn] which possess inherent acidity have been synthesized by sol-gel route whereas, 12-Tungstophosphoric acid (12-TPA) has been supported onto ZrO, TiO and SnO resulting in 12-TPA/ZrO, 12-TPA/TiO and 12-TPA/SnO which possesses induced acidity have been synthesized by process of anchoring and calcination. All the catalysts have been characterized for elemental analysis by ICP-AES, TGA, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, surface area (by BET method) and surface acidity (by NH-TPD method). The potential utility of these materials as solid acid catalysts have been explored by studying esterification as a model reaction wherein mono and diesters have been synthesized. The catalytic activity of synthesized materials has been compared and correlated with acid properties of the materials. <#LINE#> @ @ Otera J., Esterification, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, (2003) @No $ @ @ Yadav G.D. and Murkute A.D., Kinetics of synthesis of perfumery grade p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate over ion exchange resin catalyst, Int. J. Chem. Reactor Eng., 1, 1-11 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ma Y., Jin T., Wang Z. and Li T., A rapid and efficient method for acetylation of phenols with acetic anhydried catalyzed by TiO/SO2- solid super acids, Indian J. Chem., 42B, 1777-1778 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ma Y., Wang Q. L., Yan H., Ji X. and Qiu Q., Synthesis of nano-sized Ce0.850.1Ru0.052 (M = Si, Fe) solid solution exhibiting high CO oxidation and water gas shift activity, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 139, 51-57 (1996) @No $ @ @ Okudan S. and Baktir A., Esterification Reaction of polystyrene modified with maleic anhydride in the presence of resin catalyst, Adv. Poly. Technol., 1-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Cheng Y., Feng Y., Ren Y., Liu X., Gao A., Benqiao H., Yan F. and Jianxin L., Comprehensive kinetic studies of acidic oil continuous esterification by cation-exchange resin in fixed bed reactors, Bioresource Technol., 113,65-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zhang B., Ren J., Liu X., Guo Y., Lu G. and Wang Y., Novel sulfonated carbonaceous materials from p-toluenesulfonic acid/glucose as a high-performance solid-acid catalyst, Catal. Commu., 11, 629-632 (2010) @No $ @ @ Toor A. P., Sharma M. and Kumar G., Wanchoo R. K., Ion exchange resin catalyzed esterification of lactic acid with isopropanol : A kinetic study, Bull. Chem. React. Engg. Catal., 6(1), 24-31 (2011) @No $ @ @ Brahamkhatri V. and Patel A., Biodiesel Production by Esterification of Free Fatty Acids over 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Anchored to MCM-41, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(24), 13693-13702 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nascimento L.A.S., Tito L.M.Z., Angelica A.S., Costa C.F.F., Zamian J.M. and Rocha Filho G.N., Esterification of oleic acid over solid acid catalysts prepared from Amazon flint kaolin, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 101, 495-503 (2011) @No $ @ @ Helen L.N., Nicholas A., Zafiropoulos A., Thomas Foglia T., Edward D., Samulski L. and Wenbin L.,  Mesoporous silica-supported diarylammonium catalysts for esterification of free fatty acids ingreases, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 87, 445-449 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhaumik A. and Inagaki S., Mesoporous Titanium Phosphate Molecular Sieves with Ion-Exchange Capacity, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 691-696 (2001) @No $ @ @ Slade R.C.T., Knowels J.A., Jones D.J. and Roziere J., The isomorphous acid salts -Zr(HPO·HO, Ti(HPO·HO and -Zr(HAsO·HO: Comparative thermochemistry and vibrational spectroscopy, Solid State Ionics, 96, 9-19 (1997) @No $ @ @ Joshi R., Patel H. and Chudasama U., Synthesis of monoester and diesters using eco-friendly solid acid catalysts M(IV) tungstates and phosphates, Ind. J. Chem.Technol., 15, 238-243 (2008) @No $ @ @ Patel H., Joshi R. and Chudasama U., Use of zirconium(IV) phosphate as a solid acid catalyst in some esterification reactions, Ind. J. Chem., 47(A), 348-352 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thakkar R. and Chudasama U., Synthesis of mono and diesters using eco-friendly solid acid catalyst - zirconium titanium phosphate, Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2, 61-69 (2009) @No $ @ @ Patel S., Chudasama U. and Ganeshpure P., Cyclodehydration of 1,4-butanediol catalyzed by metal (IV) phosphates, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 76, 317-325 (2002) @No $ @ @ Patel S., Chudasama U. and Ganeshpure P., Ketalization of Ketones with diols catalyzed by Metal (IV) phosphates as solid acid catalysts, J. Mol. Cat. A: Chem., 194, 267-271 (2003) @No $ @ @ Patel S., Chudasama U. and Ganeshpure P., Tetravalent metal acid salts: Solid acid catalysts for hydration of nitriles to amindes, Indian J. Chem., 42B, 1168-1169 (2003) @No $ @ @ Patel S., Chudasama U. and Ganeshpure P., Metal (IV) Phosphates as solid acid catalysts for selective cyclodehydration of 1,N – diols, Green Chem., 3, 143-145 (2001) @No $ @ @ Joshi R. and Chudasama U., Synthesis of coumarins via the pechmann condensation using inorganic ion exchangers as solid acid catalysts, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 67,1092-1097 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ghodke S. and Chudasama U., Solvent free synthesis of coumarins using environment friendly solid acid catalysts, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 453, 219-226 (2013) @No $ @ @ Khder A.E.R.S., Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity of tin oxide-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid as a solid catalyst, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 343(1-2), 109-116 (2008) @No $ @ @ Waghmare N.G., Kasinathan P., Amrute A., Lucas N. and Halligudi S.B., Titania supported silicotungstic acid: An efficient solid acid catalyst for veratrole acylation, Cata. Comm., 9, 2026-2029 (2008) @No $ @ @ Reddy C., Iyengar P., Nagendrappa G. and Prakash B.J., Esterification of dicarboxylic acids to diesters over n+-montmorillonite clay catalysts, Catal. Lett., 101,87-91 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shanmugam S., Viswanathan B. and Varadarajan B.K., Esterification by solid acid catalysts : A comparison, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 223, 143-147 (2004) @No $ @ @ Manohar B., Reddy V.R. and Reddy B.M., Esterification by ZrO and Mo-ZrO eco-friendly solid acid catalysts, Synth. Comm., 28, 3183-3187 (1998) @No $ @ @ Arabi M., Amini M.M., Abedini M., Nemati A. and Alizadeh M., Esterification of phthalic anhydride with 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol catalyzed by heteropolyacidsJ. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 200, 105-110 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kolah A., Ashtana N.S., Vu D.T., Lira C.T. and Miller D.J., Reaction kinetics for the heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of succinic acid with ethanol, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 5313-5317 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thorat T.S., Yadav V.M. and Yadav G.D., Esterification of phthalic anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol by solid superacidic catalysts, Appl. Catal. 90, 73-96 (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Inhibitive action of 3-Hydroxy-3-(4methylphenyl-1-(4-sulphonato (sodium salt) phenyl triazene on Corrosion of Copper in HCl medium<#LINE#>Pratibha.@Sharma,Alpana.@Soni,P.K.@Baroliya,Rekha@Dashora,A.K.@Goswami<#LINE#>59-63<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2015-014.pdf<#LINE#>Coordination Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>29/1/2015<#LINE#>13/2/2015<#LINE#>Corrosion inhibition of copper in 1N HCl  solution by 3-Hydroxy-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1-(4-sulphonato (sodium salt) phenyl) triazene (HPST) has been studied using weight loss techniques at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K. It is observed that the proposed organic compound exhibit  84.4% inhibition efficiency at 303 K temperature  in 1N HCl solution . Increase the concentration of HPST inhibition efficiency increases whereas increase in temperature decreases inhibition efficiency. The inhibitior show maximum inhibition efficiency for 0.002 M concentration of HPST at 303 K temperature. Activation energy (E), Enthalpy (H),Entropy (S) and Gibbs free energy have also been reported. The Langmuir isotherm was found to accurately describe the adsorption behavior of the compound. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar H. and Yadav V., BIA, DPA, MBTA and DMA as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steelunder different Atmospheric Conditions, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 1, 52-66 (2014) @No $ @ @ Petchiammal A, Deepa RP, Selvaraj S and Kalirajan K, Corrosion Protection of Zinc in Natural Sea Water using Citrullus Vulgaris peel as an Inhibitor, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(4), 24-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Prabhakaran M., Ramesh S. and Periyasamy V., Synergistic effect of Thiomalic acid and Zinc ions in corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous solution, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(1), 41-49 (2014) @No $ @ @ Saini V. and Kumar H., N, N, N, N-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and 1, 3-Diaminopropane (DAP) as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitor (VPCI) for mild steel under Atmospheric conditions, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(6), 45-53 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kumar H. and Saini V., DAPA, EA, TU and BI as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under Atmospheric Conditions, Res. J. of Chem. Sciences, 2(2), 10-17 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaisab K. Bhkahk and Jabbar S.  New Unsymmetrical Schiff base as Inhibitor of Carbon steel Corrosion and Antibacterial Activity, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 5(1), 64-70(2015) @No $ @ @ Vasudha V.G. and Shanmuga Priya K., Polyalthia Longifolia as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(1), 21-26 (2013) @No $ @ @ Saxena Dinesh, Dwivedi Vivek and Mishra Pankaj Kumar, Inhibition of Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Sea Water by an Aqueous Extract of Eclipta alba Leaves – Zn2+ system, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(2), 16-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hemalatha J., Sankar A., Ananth kumar S., Ramesh kumar S., Nelumbo nucifera flower extract as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1N HSO medium, Int. J. Computer Engg. andsci., 3(1), 15-20, (2013) @No $ @ @ James A.O. and Akaranta O., Inhibition of Corrosion of Zinc in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone Extract, Res. J. chem. sci., 1(1), 31-37 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zhang  Q., Yixin. and Zhongren Z, Corrosion Properties of Copper, Nickel, and Titanium in Alkylimidazolium Chloroaluminate Based Ionic Liquids,  Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 10239–10249 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Garg M., Chundawat N.S., Jodha J.S., Patel P., and Goswami A.K., Application of hydroxytriazene in corrosion protection of brass, E.J. chem., , 257 – 260 (2009) @No $ @ @ Qurashi M.A Sudheer, Effect of pharmaceutically active compound Omeprazole, on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(5), 82-92 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ousslim A., Chetouani A., Hammouti B.,  Bekkouch K., Al-Deyab S.S.,  Aouniti, A,  Elidrissi, A. The AntiCorrosion Behavior of Lavandula dentata Aqueous Extract on Mild Steel in 1M HCl, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 6005-6013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.L.,  Dandia A. , Singh P. and Quraishi M.A., Green synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives by ultrasonic technique and their application as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 6(1), 168-177 (2015) @No $ @ @ E.M. Sherif, Corrosion Behavior of Copper in 0.50 M Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Solutions and its Inhibition by 3-Amino-1, 2, 4-triazole and 3-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.,7, 1884–1897 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fouda A.S., Haddad E.L. and Abdallah Y.M., Septazole : Antibacterial Drug as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions, Inter J Inno. Res.Sci., 2(12), 7073-7085 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zhang Q., Hua Y. and Zhou Z., Corrosion Properties of Copper, Nickel, and Titanium in Alkylimidazolium Chloroaluminate Based Ionic Liquids, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 10, 239–10249 (2013) @No $ @ @ Fouda A.S., Elmorsi M.A., Fayed T. and El said M., Oxazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for 316L Stainless Steel in Sulfamic Acid Solutions, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(8), 62-74  (2014) @No $ @ @ Eldesoky A.M., Hassan H.M. and Fouda A.S., Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in Nitric Acid Solution Using Some Pharmaceutical Compounds, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., , 10376–10395 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterisation of Poly (Vinylpyrrolidone)–Copper (II) Complexes<#LINE#>KV@Anasuya,MK@Veeraiah,P@Hemalatha<#LINE#>64-69<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2015-015.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College and PG Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>2/12/2014<#LINE#>19/1/2015<#LINE#>Transition metals show many remarkable applications in the field of biological sciences, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Coordination compounds of the transition metals find their use in almost every field of human life. In the proposed work we have selected a copper salt for complexing with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) ligand. Copper compounds are used as bacteriostatic substances, fungicides and food preservatives. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is a water soluble polymer having many eco-friendly uses which are the results of its unique properties like low toxicity, biological compatibility, inert behavior towards many compounds, complexing ability, resistant to thermal degradation and film forming ability. Keeping these properties of copper and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in view and with the objective of synthesizing more environment friendly compounds, complexes of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and copper were prepared by using aqueous solution of PVP(30K) and alcoholic solution of hydrated copper chloride at room temperature with different molar composition. Crystalline polymer-metal complexes were obtained by evaporation of the solvent. They were characterized by solubility studies, CHN analysis, FTIR, H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Procedure was repeated with aqueous solution of the salt also. The spectral analysis of the reactants and the complexes confirmed the formation of expected complexes. The conditions for better complexation were optimized.<#LINE#> @ @ Folttmann H. and Quadir A., Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) – One of the most widely used excipients in pharmaceuticals: An overview, Drug Delivery Technology,8, 22-27, (2008) @No $ @ @ Diaz. E., Valenciano R., Landa P. and Arana J.L., Gonzalez, Viscometric study of complexes of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) with Co2+, Polymer Testing, 21, 247-251,(2002) @No $ @ @ Diaz E., Valenciano R. and Katime I.A., Study of complexes of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) with copper and cobalt on solid state, J Applied Polymer Science,93, 1512-1518, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ulviya U.S., Zakir M.O.R., Semsettin A. and Aldar A.M., Effect of Inorganic salts on the main parameters of the dilute aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solutions, Polymer,37, 2415-2421, (1996) @No $ @ @ David C. Sherrington, Polymer-suppoted metal complex oxidation catalysts, Pure and Applied Chemistry,60(3), 401-414, (1988) @No $ @ @ R.I. Musin and V.A. Li, et-al, Synthesis and biological activity of cobalt-containing polyvinylpyrroidone complexes, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal,23(5), 375-378, (1989) @No $ @ @ Kurt E. Geckeler, Polymer-metal complexes for environmental protection. Chemoremediation in the aqueous homogeneous phase, Pure and Applied Chemistry,73(1), 129-136, (2001) @No $ @ @ N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, IARC Monographs Supplement, 7, 1181-1187, (1987) @No $ @ @ Mohammad Saleem Khan, Khaista Gul and Najeeb Ur Rehman, Interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone with metal chloride aqueous solutions, Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 22(6), 581-584, (2004) @No $ @ @ B.L. Rivas, G.V. Seguel and C. Ancatripal, Polymer metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization and properties of poly(maleic acid) metal complexes with Cu(II), C0(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), Polymer Bulletin,44 (5-6), 445-452,(2000) @No $ @ @ Issa A Katime and Jose. R. Ochoa, Bilbao, Carlos Sieiro Del Nido, Synthesis and characterization of poly (vinyl carbazole) complexes with copper (II) chloride in THF Solution, J of Appl Pol Sci,34(5), 1953-1958, (2003) @No $ @ @ S. Vijaya Kumar, S. Prasanna Kumar, B.S. Sherigara, Boreddy S.R. Reddy, T.M. Aminabhavi, N-Vinylpyrrolidone and 4-vinyl benzylchloride Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Ratios, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry,45(10), 821-827, (2008) @No $ @ @ Clear B.M. Kanth, K. Kalishwaralal, M. Sriram, Suresh Babu, P. Ram kumar, H. Youn, S. Eom, S. Gurunathan, Anti-oxidant effect of gold nanoparticles restrains hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic mice, Journal of nanobiotechnology, 8, 1-16, (2010) @No $ @ @ Ashraf Malik, Shadma Parveen, et-al, Coordination Polymer: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Thermal Behaviour of Starch-Urea Based Biodegradable Polymer and its Polymer Metal Complexes, Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, Article ID 848130,  (2010) @No $ @ @ N. Giri, R.K. Natarajan, S. Gunasekaran and S. Shreemathi, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic study of blend behavior of PVP and nano silver particles, Archives of Applied Science Research,3(5), 624-630, (2011) @No $ @ @ Didier Astruc, Transition-metal nanoparticles in catalysis, Nanoparticles and Catalysis, (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co.) ISBN: 978-3-527-31572-7, (2008) @No $ @ @ Wei-xiaTu, Xiao-bin Zuo and Han-fan Liu Study on the interaction between polyvinylpyrrolidone and platinum metals during the formation of the colloidal metal nanoparticles, Chinese J of PolymSci, 26(1), 23-29, (2008) @No $ @ @ F.A. Carey R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, nd Edition, ISBN 0-306-41199-7 @No $ @ @ Maunu S.L., Kinnunen J., Soljamo K., Sundholm F., Complexation and blending of some water-soluble polymers: solid state nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies, Polymer,34, 1141-1145, (1993) @No $ @ @ Robert Crabtree, Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry III, (Mike Mingos) ISBN 0-08-044590-X, (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis of TiO2 and ZnO Nano-Particle films and their effect on Performance of Silicon Solar Cells<#LINE#>V.S.@Shanthala,M.@Vishwas,M.V.@Muthamma<#LINE#>70-75<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2015-016.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, The Oxford College of Science, HSR layout, Bangalore-560102, INDIA @ PG and Research Department of Physics, Government Science College, Bangalore-560001, INDIA<#LINE#>29/1/2015<#LINE#>10/2/2015<#LINE#>Titanium dioxide (TiO) nano-particles and films were prepared by the sol-gel method and zinc oxide (ZnO) films were synthesized by rf sputtering method. The results of investigation of un-coated and TiO and ZnO nano-particle films coated monocrystalline silicon solar cells are presented. The investigation of current – voltage characteristics to determine electrical properties of monocrystalline silicon solar cells was carried out after annealing the samples at different temperatures. The fill factor varied with the annealing temperature and nano-particle films deposited on the solar cell. The light absorption is affected by the morphological changes on the surface of the solar cell. The use of metal oxide nano-particles on the surface of silicon solar cells enhanced the performance of solar cell. <#LINE#> @ @ Hu L, Chen X and Chen G, Surface-plasmon enhanced near-bandgap light absorption in silicon photovoltaics, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., 5(11) 2096–2101 (2008) @No $ @ @ Manal Midhat Abdullah, Silicon Solar Cell Enhancement by Using Au Nanoparticles, Int. J. Appl. or Innov. Engg and Mant., 2(6), 49-56 ( 2013) @No $ @ @ Chen Feng-Xiang, Wang Li-Sheng and Xu Wen-Ying, Enhanced optical absorption by Ag nano particles in a thin film Si solar cell, Chin. Phys. B, 22, 045202 (2013) @No $ @ @ Valeria Marrocco, Marco Grande, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, Giovanna Calo, Vencenzo Petruzzelli and Antonella D’ Orazio, Efficient plasmonic nanostructures for thin film solar cells, Proc. of SPIE,7725, 77250L (2010) @No $ @ @ Santanu Maity, Sahadev Roy and Abhishek Kumar, Silver nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells, Int. J. Engg Sci. Inv., 2 (7), 101-104 (2013) @No $ @ @ Derkacs D, Lim S.H, Matheu P, Mar W and Yu E.T, Improved performance of amorphous silicon solar cells via scattering from surface plasmon polaritons in nearby metallic nano-particles, App. Phy. Lett.89, 093103 (2006) @No $ @ @ Robert Bywalez, Hatice Karacuban, Hermann Nienhaus, Christof Schulz and Hartmut Wigger, Stabilization of mid-sized silicon nano-particles by functionalization with acrylic acid, Nanoscale Res. Letts., , 76-80 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vishwas M, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Narasimha Rao K, Mohan S. Arjuna Gowda K.V and Chakradhar R.P.S,  Optical, dielectric and  morphological studies of Sol-Gel derived nanocrystalline TiO films, Spectrochimica Acta Part A,  74, 839–842 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Vishwas M, Narasimha Rao K, Mohan S, Sreekantha Reddy D and Gowda K.V.A, Structural and optical investigations of TiO2 films deposited on transparent substrates by sol–gel technique, J. of Alloys and Comps., 471, 244–247 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vishwas M, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Narasimha Rao K., Mohan S., Arjuna Gowda K. V. and Chakradhar R.P. S, Sol-gel synthesis, characterization and optical properties of TiO thin films deposited on ITO/ glass substrates, Mod. Phys. Letts. B, 24, 807–816 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Water and its Impact on Human Health of Kishanganj, Bihar, India<#LINE#>A@Kumar,V@Kumar<#LINE#>76-84<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2015-018.pdf<#LINE#>P.G. Department of Chemistry, D.S. College, Katihar [BNMU], Bihar, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Kishanganj College of Engineering and Technology, Veriadangi, Kishanganj, [BNMU], Bihar, INDIA<#LINE#>1/2/2015<#LINE#>16/2/2015<#LINE#>This paper is aimed to analyze the fluoride concentration in groundwater, their resources and monitoring of the impact of fluoride on human health in kishanganj district, Bihar, India. In the present study the fluoride concentration varied from 0.61-3.74 mg/lin different groundwater resources of various villages. Among 150 hand pump/tap water samples of all 5 blocks of Kishanganj district 110 (73.33%) sites (villages and town areas) are safe, 28(18.67%) villages are under dental fluorosis and 12(8.0%) villages are under skeletal fluorosis,whereas among 150 open/ring water samples, 121 (81%) sites are safe, 14(14%) villages are under dental fluorosis and 8(5.0%) villages are under skeletal fluorosis. The results were on the basis of the questionnaire survey conducted in five blocks of Kishanganj district. During the study, 2500 people were examined, of which 53.6% people were affected by dental fluorosis and 11.2% people were suffering from skeletal fluorosis. Fluorosis was found to be high in males compared to females. High pH, low calcium concentrations and high temperatures of the study area may contribute to high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Questionnaire survey results generally indicate that majority of residents of rural area were suffering from dental and skeletal fluorosis due to unawareness and lack of precautionary measures against fluoride. If people become aware of impact of fluoride and use pure and fluoride free water then the probability of dental and skeletal problems may be minimized. <#LINE#> @ @ Khan A. Arbab and Khan Mohd  Nawaz, International Science Congress Association Physico-Chemical Study of Groundwater at Shahjahanpur city, Uttar Pradesh, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,5(1), 55-59 (2015) @No $ @ @ Devanand  D. C.,  Jain A. D., Bhattacherjee  S. S., Liny P. and  Krishna Murthy T. P., Adsorption of Fluoride from water using Spirulina platensis and its Measurement using Fluoride Ion Selective E lectrode, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,  4(6), 41-44 (2014) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar A., Kumar A., Gupta R.N., Pathak M., Shrivastav A. and  Pandey A.C., Physico- Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India, Res. J.Recent Sci., 1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haribhau M.G., Trace metals contamination of surface water samples in and around Akot city in Mahrashtra, India, Res.J. Recent Sci., 1(7), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Antony Ravindran A., Azimuthal Square Array Resistivity Method and Goundwater Exploration in Sanganoor, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4), 41-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mameri N., Yeddou A.R., Lounici H., Grib H., Belhocine D. and   Bariou  B.,Defluoridation of septentrional Sahara water of North Africa by electro-coagulation process using bipolar aluminum electrodes, Water Res.,32 (5) 1604–1610 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shortt W. E., Endemic fluorosis in Nellore District, South India, Ind. Med.Gazette72, 396 (1937) @No $ @ @ Ayoob S. and Gupta A. K., Fluoride drinking water: A review on the status and stress effects, Critical Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 433-487 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chakarbort D., Das B. and Murrill M.T., Examining India’s Groundwater Quality Management, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 27-33 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fluorine and fluorides, Environmental Health Criteria, 36, IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety, (1984) @No $ @ @ Susheela A.K., Fluorosis management program in India, Curr. Sci.,77, 1250-1256 (1999) @No $ @ @ Frazao P., Peres M. A. and Cury J.A., Drinking water quality and fluoride concentration, Rev Saude Publica, 45 (5), 1-10 (2011) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi Garg V. K., Kavita Renuka, and Malik A., Ground water quality insome villages of Haryana, India: focus on fluoride and fluorosis, J. Haz. Mater, 106, 85–97 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rong, L., Srinivasan  K., Khalil  D. and Chris  P.,  Analysis of Fluoride in Drinking Water in the Presence of Interfering Metal Ions such as Iron and Aluminum; Dionex Corporation CA, USA. @No $ @ @ APHA Standard method for the examination of water and waste water (17th ed.), Washington, DC : American Public Health Association, (1991) @No $ @ @ UNEP GEMS/Water Program, Analytical Method for Environment Water Quality; code-20101, 77 (1985) @No $ @ @ DWAF (Department of Water Afffairs and Forestry) South African Water Quality Guidelines, 1: Domestic Water Use (2nd edn.), Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, (1996) @No $ @ @ Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Specification for drinking water IS 10500, New Delhi (2–4), (1991) @No $ @ @ Arif M., Husain I., Hussain J. and Kumar S.,Assessment of fluoride level in groundwater and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Didwana block of Nagaur district, central Rajasthan, India, Int J. Occup Environ Med., 4, 178-184 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hussain I., Arif M. and Hussain J., Fluoride Contamination in drinking water in rural habitations of Central Rajasthan, India, Environ. Monit Assess., 184, 5151-5158 (2012) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (3rd edn. Incorporating the first addendum).  Volume1, Recommendations, World Health Organization, Geneva (2006) @No $ @ @ Arif  M., Hussain J., Hussain I. and Kumar  S., An Assessment of Fluoride Concentration in Groundwater and Risk on Health of North Part of Naguur District, Rajasthan, India, World Applied Sciences Journal,24(2),146-153 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dean H. T., The investigation of physiological effects by the epidemiological method. In: Moulton F, editor fluoride and dental health. Washington DC: American association for the advancement of science, Publication No, 19, 23-31 (1942) @No $ @ @ Odiyo J. O. and Makungo  R., Fluoride concentrations in groundwater and impact on human health in Siloam Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa, Water SA, 38(5), 731-736 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chate G.T., Yun S.T., Mayer B., Kim K.H., Kim S.Y., Kwon J.S., Kim K. and Koh Y.K., Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea, Sci. Total Environ.,  385272–283 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nezli  I. E., Achour  S., Djidel  M. and Attalah  S., Presence and origin of fluoride in the complex terminal water of Ouargla Basin (Northern Sahara of Algeria), Am. J. Appl. Sci., 6(5), 876–881 (2009) @No $ @ @ Raju N.J., Dey S. and Das K., Fluoride contamination in ground waters of Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Curr. Sci., 96(7), 975–985 (2009) @No $ @ @ Saxena V. K. and Ahmed S., Inferring the chemical parameters for the dissolution of fluoride in groundwater, Environ. Geol., 43731–736 (2003) @No $ @ @ Madhnure P., Sirsikar D. Y., Tiwari A. N., Ranjan B. and Malpe D. B., Occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater of Pandharkawada area, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India, Curr. Sci.,92(5), 675-679 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saxsen D.N. and Narwaria Y.S., Incidence of fluoride in groundwater and its potential health effects in ten villages of Karera block in Shivpuri district, M.P., India, InternationalJ. Environ. Sciences, 3(3), (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Thermo Acoustical studies on Molecular Interaction in Ternary Liquid mixtures<#LINE#>S.@Balakrishnan,R.Palani<#LINE#>85-88<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2015-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Achariya college of Engineering Technology, Puducherry, INDIA @ Department of Physics, DDE, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>1/2/2015<#LINE#>14/2/2015<#LINE#>Ultrasonic velocity (U), viscosity () and Density () were measured for three component liquid system of tetrahydrofuran (THF)+heptane+decane  at 303, 308 and 313 K. The excess values of various acoustical parameters such as viscosity (), adiabatic compressibility (), free length (L), free volume (V), internal pressure () and Gibb’s free energy () have been calculated from the experimental data and discussed in terms of weak molecular interaction present in the mixtures. <#LINE#> @ @ Palani R Saravanan and Sand Kumar R, Ultrasonic studies on some ternary organic liquid mixtures at 303, 308 and 313 K, Rasayan. J. Chem., 2(3), 622-629 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramarao G.V, Sharma Viswanath A, Ramachandran Dand and Rambabu C,  Excess transport properties of binary mixtures of methanol and pyridine though ultrasonic measurements at different temperatures, Indian J Chem., 46A, 1972-1978 (2007) @No $ @ @ Eads C.D, Simple lattice model for solvation of nonpolar molecules in hydrogen bonded liquids, J Phys Chem B., 104, 6653-6661 (2000) @No $ @ @ Palani Rand and Balakrishnan S, Acoustical properties of ternary mixtures of 1-alkanols in diisopropylether and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol mixed solvent, Indian J Pure and Appl Phys., 48, 644-650 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rathnam M.V, Mankumare S, Kirti Jain and Kumar M.S.S, Densities, viscosities and speeds of sound of binary mixtures of ethyl benzoate+hydrocarbonsat (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15)K, J Solution Chem., 41, 475-490 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mahan Y, Liew C. and Nand Mather A.E, Viscosities and excess properties of aqueoussolutionsof ethanol amines from 298.15 K, J. Sol. Chem., 31, 743-756 (2002) @No $ @ @ Fort R.J. and Moore W.R, Adiabatic compressibilities in binary liquid mixtyres, Trans Faraday Soc.,61, 2102-2110 (1965) @No $ @ @ Ali A, Nain A.K, Sharma V.K and Ahmed S, Ultrasonic studies in binary liquid mixtures, Ind. J. Phys., 75B, 519-525 (2001) @No $ @ @ Das J.K, Dash S.K, Swain Nand and Swain B, Ultrasonic investagionina polar-polar system, methyl-isobutyl ketone and aliphatic alcohols, J. Mol. Liq., 81, 163-179 (1999) @No $ @ @ Reed T.M and Taylor T.E, Viscosities of liquid mixtures, J Phys Chem., 63, 58-63 (1959) @No $ @ @ Qin A.W, Haffmann D.E. and Munk P, Excess volumes of mixtures of alkanes with carbonyl compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data., 37, 66-70 (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Diurnal Fluctuations in Physico-chemical Parameters at Madkot in Goriganga River from Kumaun Himalaya, India<#LINE#>Ashok@Kumar<#LINE#>89-92<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2015-023.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Soban Singh Jeena Campus Almora (Uttarakhand) 263601, INDIA <#LINE#>11/2/2015<#LINE#>15/2/2015<#LINE#>Field study was conducted to record Diurnal Fluctuations in Physico-chemical Parameters of Goriganga river at Madkot (about 1300 m above the sea level and 231 kms from University Campus) where Mandakni river joins Goriganga river. Some total eight Physico-chemical parameters, such as ambient temperature, water temperature, diddolved oxygen (D.O), free CO, ph, carbonate, bicarbonate and total  alkalinity were monitored at 4 hour interval for a period of 24 hours from 6 a.m. on the 25th of February-2008 to 2 a.m. of 26th of February-2008. The recorded data showed that ambient temperature fluctuated between 9.0C  to 20.4C, water temperature 7.0C to 11.0C, dissolved oxygen 11.6 mg/l to 15.2mg/l, ph 7.0 to 8.39 carbonate 4.0mg/l to 5.0mg/l, bicarbonate 132mg/l to 170mg/l and total alkalinity between 138mg/l to 166mg/l. Free carbondioxide(CO) was completely absent throughout the study period i.e. for 24 hours. In the present study a positive relationship between water temperature and dissolved oxygen was observed. <#LINE#> @ @ Joshi S.N., Tripathi G. and Tewari H.C., Fish and Fisheries of Goriganga, Advacnes in limnology. (ed.) H.R. Singh. Narendra Publishing house, Delhi,361-368 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kumar Ashok., Studies on DIEL Fluctuations in Physico-Chemical parameters of Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India, Int. Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(8), 58-61 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kumar Ashok., DIEL Variations of Physico-chemical factors at BARAM in Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga River of Uttarakhand, India, Int. Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(10), 20-23 (2014) @No $ @ @ Madhwal B.P., Chopra A.K. and Singh H.R., Diurnalfluctuations in physico-chemical parameters of the river Yamuna from the Garhwal Himalaya, J. Zool., 3,157-158 (1983) @No $ @ @ Jindal R. and Thakur R.K., Diurnal variations of plankton diversity and physico-chemical characteristics of Rewalsar wetland, Himachal Pradesh, India, Recent Research in Sci. Tech.,5(3), 4-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rosario Vidal-Abarca, Luisa Suarez, Rosa Gomez, Jose L. Moreno and Cristina Guerrero., Diel Variations in physical and chemical parameters in a semi-arid stream in Spain (Chicamo stream), Verch. Int. Verein. Limnol., 28, 1-5 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vasnth Kumar B. And Vijay Kumar K., Diurnal variation of physic-chemical properties and primary productivity of phytoplankton in Bheer River, Recent Research in Science and Technology,3(4), 39-42 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tiwari M. And Ranga M.M., Assessment of diurnal variation of physico-chemical status of Khanpura Lake, Ajmer, India, Res. J. Che. Sci., 2(7), 69-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sidhartha R., Kumari R., Tanti K.D. and Pandey B.N., Deil variations of physico-chemical factors and plankton population in a swamp of Harda, Purnia, Bihar, Int. J. Sci. Res.Pub.,2(6), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gupta k. And Sharma A., Diel variation in some abiotic parameters of stream Banganga, Indian J. Ecol., 31(1) 74-77 (2004) @No $ @ @ Anonymous., Standard methods for the examination of water, sewage and industrial waste, Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. AwwA, WPCF. Washington, 1193 (1975) @No $ @ @ Welch P.S., Limnological Methods, McGraw.hill Inc. U.S.A.,381, (1948) @No $ @ @ A.P.H.A., Standard methods for examination of water and waste waters, American public health Association, New York,1193, (1976) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Work book of limnology, Pratibha Publishers, Sagar India,209,(1985) @No $ @ @ Michael P., Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigation, Tata M.C. Graw Hill. Pub. Comp. Ltd. New Delhi, 401, (1984) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biologicalmethods for water pollution studies, Enviornmental publications, Karda, 248, (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh H.R., Dobriyal A.K., Natiyal P., Lal M.S. and Pokhriyal R.C., Diurnal cycle of abiotic parameters of river Nayar during rainy season, Uttar Pradesh J. Zool., 2, 54-55 (1982) @No