@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Study on X-Ray Diffraction of some Mn (II), Fe (III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Complexes on the basis of Mixed ligands<#LINE#>V.G.@Shinde,V.D.@Ingale,@RajbhojA.S.,S.T.@Gaikwad<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2015-117.pdf<#LINE#>* Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431004, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>19/8/2015<#LINE#>13/9/2015<#LINE#>Comparative studies on the x-ray diffraction parameter of some transition  metal complexes such as Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II), has been synthesized by 4-methoxyplenylmaine and salicylaldehyde, o-vanillin having equiamolar ratio of 1:1:1(metal : L : L) in the same solvent. These complexes were different physico-chemical properties such as different color, different melting points and different crystal systems. All the complexes of XRD studies indicate that monoclinic crystal structure has been proposed for the mixed ligands metal complexes. The XRD data were also being used for the determination of various parameter, unit cell volume and miller indices values (h, k, l). The XRD measurement is to be determine the dimensions and shape of unit cell and to identify the detailed structure of the molecule such as tetrahedral, octahedral or square planer geometry. <#LINE#> @ @ Bish D.L. and Post J.E., Editors, Diffraction, Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America(1990) @No $ @ @ Wall B., Driscoll C., Strong J. andSuitability of Different Preparations of Thermo luminescent Lithium Borate for Medical DosimetryPhysical Medical biology, 1023-1034(1982) @No $ @ @ Azaroff and Burger, the Powder Method, McGraw Hill London (1958) @No $ @ @ Klop E.A .and Lammers M., Polymers, _________________________________________________International Science Congress Association Figure-6 ray diffraction data of [ZnL-L (HO) 2] ComplexTable-7 Millar indices and interplanar distances of Zn (II) complex (Obs) 2 (Cal) d (Obs) d (Cal)10.09 10.18 8.75 8.6711.09 11.02 7.96 8.0114.00 13.99 6.31 6.3214.60 13.99 6.05 6.3215.12 15.85 5.85 5.5817.96 17.84 4.93 4.96All synthesized metal complexes like Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) complexes with N, O donor mixed ligand methoxyphenylanaline, ray diffraction and i(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) complexes are amorphous in nature and Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) are crystalline in nature. , Modern Powder Reviews in Mineralogy, V, 20, (1990) @No $ @ @ and Fisher E., The Suitability of Different Preparations of Thermo luminescent Lithium Borate for Medical Dosimetry, (1982) @No $ @ @ r Method, McGraw Hill , 39, 5987 (1998) @No $ @ @ 5.Sleema B. and Parameshwaran G., 961 (2002) @No $ @ @ 6.Azaroff and Burger, The Powder Method, McGraw Hill London (1958) @No $ @ @ 7.Dutt N.K. and Rahut S., J. Inorg. Nucl. (1970) @No $ @ @ 8.Saxena N., Juneja H.D. and Munshi K.N., Chem. Soc., 70, 943 (1993) @No $ @ @ 9.Carvajal J.R., Roisnel T. and Winplotr A., Graphic Tool for Powder Diffraction, Laboratories Leon brillouin (ceal / enrs) 91191 gif suryvette cedex, France, 10.Bhattacharya K.C., An Elementary Physics for Indian School, the Indian Press Ltd, 11.Suryawanshi D.D., Gaikwad S.T., Suryawanshi A.D.Rajbhoj A.S., International Journal of recent Technology and engineering ISSN : 227-12.Suryawanshi D.D., Gaikwad S.T. and Rajbhoj A.S., Chemical Science Tranction,__________________________ ISSN 2231-606XRes. J. Chem. Sci.            6  d (Cal) Relative intensity 8.67 330.91 8.01 450.35 6.32 620.46 6.32 179.54 5.58 34.80 4.96 79.11 Sleema B. and Parameshwaran G., Asian J. Chem., 14, Azaroff and Burger, The Powder Method, McGraw Hill J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 32 2105Saxena N., Juneja H.D. and Munshi K.N., J. Indian Carvajal J.R., Roisnel T. and Winplotr A., Graphic Tool for Powder Diffraction, Laboratories Leon brillouin (ceal / enrs) 91191 gif suryvette cedex, France, (2004) @No $ @ @ n Elementary Physics for Indian , Allahabad, 105 (1934) @No $ @ @ Suryawanshi D.D., Gaikwad S.T., Suryawanshi A.D. and International Journal of recent Technology -3878, 2(3),(2013) @No $ @ @ Suryawanshi D.D., Gaikwad S.T. and Rajbhoj A.S., Chemical Science Tranction,3(1), 117-122 (2014) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Compositional Analysis and Anti-Oxidant Assesment of Essential Oil of some Aromatic Plants Obtained from North-Eastern Nigeria<#LINE#>M.@Runde,@KubmarawaD.,H.M.@Maina<#LINE#>7-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2015-118.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Adamawa State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>12/8/2015<#LINE#>15/9/2015<#LINE#>Fresh leaves of Ocimum americanus, Vossia cuspidata,Eucalyptus camaldulensis and the bark of Bosweillia dalzielii were collected and pretreated for essential oil analysis. DPPH scavenging capacity of the respective essential oils was used to determine the potential anti-oxidant activities of the oils. The results obtained from the analysis shows that the major compounds in essential oil of Ocimum americanus are; Terpinen-4-ol (14.507 %), Copaene (7.438 %) and Terpinen (6.178 %). The essential oil of Vossia cuspidata are predominated by 4-acetyl-7-hydroxybenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole (15.037 %), Caryophyllene (11.397) and -Pinene (10.285).  The major compounds present in the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis being M-Cymene (19.74 %), -Phellandrene (19.280 %), and Eucalyptol (13.101 %) whereas the major componds of the oil of Bosweillia dalzielii are -Pinene (18.515 %), Isophthaldehyde (10.695 %) and -Pinene (5.641 %). The samples have exhibited some degree of antioxidant activities with values above 80%. However, the lowest scavenging capacity for each of the sample is observed in the corresponding lowest concentrations of vitamins E (80.39 %) a water insoluble antioxidant which presented with the least scavenging capacity, whereas vitamins C (98.87%) has the highest scavenging property followed by vosia cuspidata (97.44 %) at the most increased concentration of 50 µL/ml.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mark P, Antioxidant Clinical Nutrition Insight Advanced Nutrition, (1998) @No $ @ @ Mahmood R., Gouthamchandra K. and Manjunata H, Free radical Scavenging, Antioxidant enzyme and Wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum L, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 30(1), 11-18 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hamid A.A., Ayelagbe O.O., Usman L.A., Ameen O.M. and Lawal A.,Antioxidand: its Medicinal and Pharmacological Applications, Afri. J. of pure and app. chem., 4(8)142-151(2010) @No $ @ @ Sie H, Oxidative Stress: Oxidantsand Antioxidant, Exp. Physiol; 82(82), 291-295 (1997) @No $ @ @ Cazzi R., Richard R., Aglitti T., Petricone P. and De-Salvia P, Ascorbic acid and Beta-carotene as Modulators of Oxidative Damage, Carcinogenesis, 18(1), 223-228 6 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ormancey X., Sisalli S. and Contriere P, Formulation of Essential oils in Functional Perfumery, Perfumes, Cosmetique, Actualities, 157, 30-40 (2001) @No $ @ @ Abdalla A.E. and Roozen P.J., Effect of plant extract on the oxidative stability of Sunflower oil and emulsion, Food chemistry, 64(3), 323-329 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sanchez-Moreno C., Methods used to Evaluate the Free Radical Scavenging Activity in Foods and Biological Systems, Fd. Sci. and Technol. Int., 8(3), 121-137 (2002) @No $ @ @ Schwarz K., Bertelsen G., Nissen I.R., Gardner P.T., Heinonen M.I, Hopia A., Huynh-Ba T., Lamblet P., Mcphail D., Skibsted L.H. and Tijburg LInvestigation of Plants Extract for the Protection of Processed Food Against Lipid Oxidation, Comparison of Antioxidant Assays based on Radical Scavenging, Lipid Oxidation and Analysis of the Principal Antioxidant Compounds, Eur. Fd. Res. Technol., 212, 319-328 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ramzi A.M., Mansour S.A., Mohammed A.A., Adnan J.A. and Jamal M.K., GC and GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil Composition of the Endemic Soqotraen Leucas virgata Balf.f. and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities, Int. J. of Mol. Sci., 14(11), 23129-23139 (2013) @No $ @ @ Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E. and Berset C., Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity, Fd. Sci. Technol., 28, 25–30 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wei C.L., Roziahanim M., Rahmad N., Suthagar P.P., Shanmugapriya P. and Sabariah I., Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Essential Oils of Pisidium Guajava L. Leaves against Toxoplama Gondii, J. of Essenti. Oils Bear. Pla., 16(1), 32-38 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kubmarawa D., Ogunwande I.A., Okorie D.A., Olawore N.O and Kasali A.A.Constituent of the Essentials of Bosweillia dalzielii Hutch from Nigeria, J. of Essenti. Oil Res., 2(18), 119 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lida M.L., Balak B., Seyed A.H.B., Mahmoud A. and Raziech M.B., Essential oils Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensisDehn, Int. J. of Med. Arom. Pla., 3(2), 214-219 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Biodiesel production from Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil by its base-catalyzed Transesterification and its Blending with Diesel<#LINE#>Djibril@Diedhiou,Lamine@DiattaMamadou,Mamadou@Faye,Gerard@Vilarem,@SockOumar,Luc@Rigal<#LINE#>13-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2015-129.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), ENSIACET, INP Toulouse, 4 Allée Emile Monso - BP 44362 - 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, FRANCE Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires (LEPM), Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5085 Dakar-fann, SENEGAL<#LINE#>7/9/2015<#LINE#>15/9/2015<#LINE#>Biodiesel, a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuel can be a solution to non-environmentally friendly and exhaustible fossil fuels. The triglycerides transesterification is the most used process in the biodiesel production. However, the blending of the oil with diesel is also used. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds oil (NSO), a non-edible oil available in large quantities in Senegal may be a second generation feedstock for biofuel production. In this research, the study is focused on its transformation into biodiesel by NaOH catalyzed transesterification and its blending with diesel. The NSO physicochemical properties were determined and compared to those of diesel. The NSO consists of four major fatty acids: oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), stearic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0). These fatty acids represent 95.80% of all the fatty acids present in the NSO. The study of the effect of catalyst level, performed at 75°C and for molar ratio alcohol-oil 6:1 has revealedthat a rate catalyst of 1% (w/woil) is more effective. The kinetic study of the reaction confirmed the hight speed of the formation of the ethyl esters (NSOB) with conversion maximum rate achieved after 90 minutes. The physical and thermal properties of neem seeds oil biodiel (NSOB) are close to those of diesel. However, those of the SNO-diesel blend (NSODB) are closer to those of the diesel. <#LINE#> @ @ Tiwari A.K., Kumar A. and Raheman H., Biodiesel production from jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) with high free fatty acids: An optimized process, Biomass and Bioenergy, 31, 569-575 (2007) @No $ @ @ Barnwal B.K. and Sharma M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India, Renew. Sustain. Energ., 9, 363-378 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chopra I.C., Gupta K.C. and Nazir B.N., Preliminary study of antibacterial substance from Melia azadirachta, Indian J. Med. Research, 40, 511-515 (1952) @No $ @ @ Fortin D., Lô M. And Maymart G., Plantes médicinales du Sahel, ENDA Editions, Dakar, (1997) @No $ @ @ Schmutterer H., The neem tree, Azadirachta indica A, Juss and other meliaceous plants, VCH: Weinheim (1995) @No $ @ @ Berhaut J., Flore illustrée du Sénégal, Tome VI. Dicotylédones: Linacées à Nymphycées, Dakar, (1979) @No $ @ @ Schrnutterer H., Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, Amrr. Rev. Etlromol., 35, 271-297 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kaura S.K., Gupta S.K. and Chowdhury J.B., Morphological and oil content variation in seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) from northern and western provenances of India, Plant Foods for Hum. Nutr., 52, 293-298 (1998) @No $ @ @ Djenontin Tindo S., Amusant N., Dangou J., Wotto D.V., Avlessi F., Dahouénon-Ahoussi E., Lozano P., Pioch D. and Sohounhloué K.C.D., Screening of repellent, termiticidal and preventive activities on wood, of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seeds oils,  ISCA J. Biological Sciences., 1(3), 25-29(2012) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            19indica A. Juss) - A Nature's Drugstore: An overview, ISCA International Research. J. Biological Sciences., 1(6), 76-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haidara A.O., Valorisation d’une huile végétale tropicale : l’huile de pourghère,  Mémoire Maitrise, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada (1996) @No $ @ @ Pramanik K., Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine, Int. J. Renewable Energy., 28, 239-248 (2003) @No $ @ @ Parawira W., Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas: a review, Scientific Res. and Essays., 5(14), 1796-1808 (2010) @No $ @ @ Clark S.J., Wagner L., Schrock M.D. and Piennaar P.G., Methyl and ethyl soybean esters as renewable fuels for diesel engines, J. of the American Oil Chemists’ Society., 61, 1632-1638 (1984) @No $ @ @ Dorado M.P., Ballesteros E., Lopezand F.J. and Mittelbatch M., Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Brassica carinata oil for biodiesel production, Energy and Fuels., 18, 77-83 (2004) @No $ @ @ Karnwal A., Kumar N., Hasan M.M., Chaudhary R., Siddiquee A.N. and Khan Z.A., Production of biodiesel from Thumba oil: Optimization of process parameters, Iranica J. of Energy and Environment., 1(4), 352-358 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sinha S., Agarwal A.K., Garg S., Biodiesel development from rice bran oil: Transesterification process optimizationand fuel characterization, Energy Conver. and Management., 49(5), 1248-1257 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ma F., Clements I.D. and Hanna M.A., The effect of catalyst, free fatty acids and water on transesterification of beef tallow, Trans ASAE., 41, 1261-1264 (1998) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pryde E.H. and Mounts T.L., Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils, J. of American Oil Chemists’ Society., 61,1638-1643 (1984) @No $ @ @ Goordrum J.W., Volatility and boiling points of biodiesel from vegetable oils and tallow, Biomass and Bioenergy., 22, 205-211 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vaitilingom G., Extraction, conditionnement et utilisation des huiles végétales pures biocarburant, Conférence Internationale “Enjeu et perspectives des biocarburants pour l’Afrique”., Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (2007) @No $ @ @ Musa U. and Folorusho A., Characteristics of a typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil seeds for biodiesel production, ISCA Research J. Chemical Sciences.,2(10),7-12 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bobade S.N. and Khyade V.B., Preparation of methyl ester (Biodiesel) from Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) oil, ISCA Research J. Chemical Sciences., 2(8), 43-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kaushik N. and Vir S., Variations in fatty acid composition of neem seeds collected from the Rajasthan state of India, Biochemical Soc. Transactions.,  28(6),880-882 (2000) @No $ @ @ Syam A.M., Ynus R., Ghazi T.I.M. and Yaw T.C.S., Methanolysis of Jatropha oil in presence of potassium hydroxide catalyst, J. of Applied Sciences.,9(17), 3161-3165 (2009) @No $ @ @ Buasri A., Chaiyut N. and Ketlekha P., Mongkolwatee W., Boonrawd S., Biodiesel production from crude palm oil witha high content of free fatty acids and fuel properties, CMU. J. Nat. Sciences., 8(1), 115-124 (2009) @No $ @ @ Deshumukh S.J. and Bhuyar L.B., Transesteried Hingan (Balanites) oil as a fuel for compression ignition engines, Biomass and Bioenergy., 33, 108-112 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ban K., Kaieda M., Matsumoto T., Kondo A. and Fukuda H., Whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production utilising Rhizopus oryzae cells immobilised within biomass support particles, Biochem. Eng., 8, 39-43 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Mohanty M.K. and Pattanaik A.K., Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude oil of Simarouba glauca using CaO  as a Solid Base Catalyst, ISCA Research J.of Recent Sciences., 1(9), 49-53 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vaitilingom G., Utilisations énergétiques de l’huile de coton, Cahiers Agricultures., 15(2006) @No $ @ @ ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)., Spécifications sénégalaises applicables aux carburantsNorme sur le Diesel (2011) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Treatment of textile Industry Waste water using Solar photo Catalysis<#LINE#>Sadi@ShamsaAl,Devi.M@Geetha,Syed@MurtuzaAli,@Feroz.S,M.J.@Varghese.<#LINE#>20-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2015-131.pdf<#LINE#>Caledonian Centre for Creativity and Innovation, Caledonian College of Engineering, OMAN Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Caledonian College of Engineering, OMAN<#LINE#>10nd/9/2015<#LINE#>6/10/2015<#LINE#>The present study investigated the application of solar photo catalysis in the treatment of textile industry wastewater using zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO) as photo catalysts. Thin films of nanometer precision were prepared by coating chitosan and catalyst inside the glass tubes by Layer-by-layer (L-b-L) technique.  A recirculation reactor set up was fabricated using the coated glass tubes and the experimental studies were carried out under solar irradiation. The experimental results indicated an appreciable decrease in Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and turbidity within two hours of exposure under solar radiation. <#LINE#> @ @ Tiwari D.K., Behari J and Sen P., Application of nanoparticles in waste water treatment, World Applied Sci.J., 3(3), 417-433(2008) @No $ @ @ Ahmed S, Rasul M.G, Martens W.N,  Brown R and Hashib M.A., Advances in heterogeneous photo catalytic degradation of phenols and dyes in wastewater: A review, Water Air Soil Pollut., 215, 3–29 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nassar M.M and El-Geundi M.S., Comparative cost of color removal from textile effluents using natural adsorbents, J. Chem. tech. Biotechol., 50, 257-264 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sontakke S, Modak J and Madras G., Photo catalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli and pichiapastoris with combustion synthesized titanium dioxide, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 225-233 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hariharan C., Photo catalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water by ZnO nanoparticles, Applied catalysis. A., 304, 55-61 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nandi I, Mitra P, Banerjee P, Chakrabarti A, Ghosh M and Chakrabarti S., Eco toxicological impact of sunlight assisted photo reduction of hexavalent chromium present in wastewater with zinc oxide nanoparticles on common Anabaenaflos-aquae, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 29, 86 7-12 (2012) @No $ @ @ Devi M.G. and Sekhar G.C., A batch study on adsorption of zinc (II) using high molecular weight crab shell chitosan and date seed carbon, Int. J. of Biotech, Chem. and Env. Eng.,1(3), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ CathyM, PeterK. J, MorganA, PatM. P, and AbdulrahmanM., Development of a slurry continuous flow reactor for photo catalytic treatment of industrial wastewater, J. of Photochem. andPhotobiol: A Chemistry.,211, 42-46 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shanthala V. S., Vishwas M and Muthamma M.V., Synthesis of TiO and ZnO Nano-Particle films and their effect on Performance of Silicon Solar Cells,  Res. J. of Chem. Sci.,5(2), 70-75 (2015) @No $ @ @ Nduka Joseph O, Horsfall Jnr Michael and Gloria U Obuzor., Preliminary investigation on the Extraction of Heavy metals from produced water using Moringaoleifera Leaves and Seeds as Adsorbents, Res. J. of Chem. Sci.,5(1), 7-11 (2015) @No $ @ @ Joseph C.G., Krishnaiah A.B. and Soon K.O., Sorption studies of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution by optimized carbon prepared from Guava seeds (Psidiumguajava L), Mater. Sci., , 383-87 (2007) @No $ @ @  Cuhadaroglu D  and Uygun O.A., Production and characterization of activated carbon from a bituminous coal by chemical activation, Afr. J. Biotechnol.,7(20), 3703-3710 (2008) @No $ @ @ Baccar R, Bouzid J, Feki M and Montiel A., Preparation of activated carbon from tunisian olive waste cakes, J. Hazard Material.,162, 1522-1529 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nunes A.A., Franca A.S. and Oliveira L.S., Activated carbon from waste biomass: an alternative use for biodiesel production solid residues, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 1786-1792 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chung Y.C., Li Y.H. and Chen C.C., Pollutant removal from aquaculture wastewater using the biopolymer chitosan at different molecular weights, Env. Sci. Health A., 40, 1775-90 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ogunlaja O.O. and Aemere O., Evaluating the efficiency of a textile wastewater treatment plant located in Oshodi, Lagos, African J. of Pure and App. Chem., 1, 1189-196 (2009) @No $ @ @ Conceicao V and  Freire F.B., Querne de Carvalho K, Treatment of textile effluent containing indigo blue dye by a UASB reactor coupled with pottery clay adsorption, Maringa., 35(1), 53-58 (2013) @No $ @ @ Devi MG, Omairi K, Feroz S and Murtuza Ali S., Treatment of textile industry effluent using multilayer thin films, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech., 6, 701-706 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kajitvichyanukula P, Ananpattarachaia J and Pongpom S,  Sol-gel preparation and properties study of TiO thin film for photo catalytic reduction of chromium (VI) in photo catalysis process, Sci. and Tech. of Adv. Mat., 6,352-358 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kaneva N.V. and Dushkin C.D., Preparation of nano crystalline thin films of ZnO by sol-gel dip coating, Bulgarian Chemical Communications., 43(2), 259–263 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hosseini S.N., Borghei S.M., Vossoughi M and Taghavinia N., Immobilization of TiO on perlite granules for photocatalytic degradation of phenol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.,74, 53–62 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bekbolet M, Lindner M, Weighgrebe D and Bahnemann D.W., Photo catalytic detoxification with the thin film fixed bed reactor (TFFBR): cleanup of highly polluted landfill effluents using a novel TiO photo catalyst, Solar Energy., 56, 455-469 (1996) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            2723.Devi M.G., Al-Hashmi Z.S.S. and Sekhar G.C., Treatment of vegetable oil mill effluent using crab shell chitosan as adsorbent, Int. J. Environ. Sci.Technol., 9,713–718 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lisnyak V.V, Ischenko E.V, Stratiichuk D.A, Zaderko A.N, Boldyrieva O. Yu, Safonova V.V. and Yatsymyrskyi A.V.,  Pt,  Pd Supported on Niobium Phosphates as Catalysts for the Hydrogen Oxidation, Res. J. Recent Sci., 3(3), 30-33 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sumathi T and Kannappan A.N., Ultrasonic Investigation on Sodium and Calcium Tungsten Phosphate Glass System, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(9), 14-17(2012) @No $ @ @ Safaee Hoda, Sohrabi Morteza and Falamaki Cavus, Synthesis of Some Baria-Modified -Al for Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether, Res. J. Recent Sci.,3(1),57-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kannan C, Devi M.R, Muthuraja K, Esaivani K. and Sudalai Vadivoo V., Green catalytic Polymerization of Styrene in the Vapor phase over Alumina, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(7), 1-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh B.K. and Nema Pragya, Kinetics and Mechanism of removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions with Flyash, Res. J. of Chem. Sci.,5(1), 78-82 (2015) @No $ @ @ Sheng H.L. and Chi M.L., Treatment of textile waste effluents by ozonation and chemical coagulation, Water Res., 27, 1743-1748 (1993) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Green Fuel: The Next Generation Eco- Friendly Algal Bio- Fuel<#LINE#>Anjum@Ansari,@RajvaidyaRohit,Sulbha@Amlathe<#LINE#>28-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2015-132.pdf<#LINE#>1*Applied Chemistry Department, UIT, BU, Bhopal- 462026, INDIA Mechanical Engineering Department, UIT, BU, Bhopal- 462026, INDIA<#LINE#>19/1/main<#LINE#>7/8/2015<#LINE#>The main objective of sustainable feedstock (algal biofuels) as fuels is due to the adverse environmental effects of fossil fits combustion and their limited availability. Microalgal biomass containing high oil content is of great importance for the production of biodiesel. Another challenge in this field is Oil extraction which is easily addressed from the engineering techniques. There are three important steps for the extraction of oil from algae: firstextraction, and third supercritical COfluid extraction. After extraction, due to chemical similarity of crude algae oil with crude fossil fuel oil, the engineering challenges associated with algae oil conversion to usable liquid fuels are also similar. From the micro-algae tested in present work, Neochloris Oleas raw materials for bio fuels production, <#LINE#> @ @ www.learner.org, (2015) @No $ @ @ Azapagic A., Sustainability Considerations for Integrated Bio refineries. Tre. In Biotech., 32(1), (2014) @No $ @ @ Carvalho A.P., Meireles L.A. and Malcata F.X., Microalgal reactors: a review of enclosed system designs and performances. Biotech. Progr., 22, 1490-1506 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chisti Y., Shear sensitivity, In: Flickinger MC, Drew SW, editors. Encyclopedia of bioprocess technology: fermentation, biocatalysis and bio separation, 5, 2379-406 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sanchez Miron A., Ceron Garcia M.C., Contreras Gomez A., Garcia Camacho F., Molina Grima E. and Chisti, Y., Shear stress tolerance and biochemical characterization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in quasi steady-state continuous culture in outdoor photo bioreactors. Bioch. Eng. J.16, 287-97 (2003) @No $ @ @ Spolaore P., Joannis-Cassan C., Duran E. and Isambert, A. Commercial applications of microalgae. J. of Biosci. and Bioengi.101(2), 87-96 (2006) @No $ @ @ Terry K.L. and Raymond L.P., System designs for the autotrophic production of microalgae, Enz. and Microbi. Techno,7(10), 474-487 (1985) @No $ @ @ Tredici M.R., Bioreactors, photo. In: Flickinger, M. C., Drew, S. W., editors. Encyclopedia of bioprocess Technology: fermentation, biocatalysis and bioseperation Wiley, 395-419 (1999) @No $ @ @ www.oilgae.com, (2015) @No $ @ @ Chisti Y., Biodiesel from Microalgae. Biotech. 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Blackwell, 97-115 (2004) @No $ @ @ Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th Edition, World Health Organisation (WHO) 2011. ISBN 9789241548151 17.Molina Grima E., Acien Fernandez F.G., Garcia Camacho F. and Chisti Y., Photo bioreactors: light regime, mass transfer and scale up. J. Biotechnol.  70, 231-47 (1999) @No $ @ @ 8.Oligae, Oligae Report Academic Edition. Obtained through the Internet: http://www.oligae.com/, [accessed 10/04/2014] (2010) @No $ @ @ 9.Paine R. and Vadas R., Calorific values of benthic marine algae and their postulated relation to invertebrate food reference. Mari. Biol., 79-86 (1969) @No $ @ @ 20.Pulz O., Photo bioreactors: production systems for phototrophic microorganisms. App. Microbio. and Biotech.57, 287-293 (2001) @No $ @ @ 1.Mazzuca Sobczuk T., Garcia Camacho F., Molina Grima E. and Chisti Y., Effects of agitation on the microalgae phaeodactylum tricornutum and porphyridium cruentum. Biopro. Biosys. Eng.28, 243-50 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mcardle W., Katch F. and Katch V., Exercise physiology th Edition- Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance, Lippinott Williams and Wilkins, (2006) @No $ @ @ 3.Moheimani N.R., Microalgae Culture for Bio fuel Production. Asia Pacific Partnership [Online]. Available: http://www.asiaspecificpartnership.org/pdf/PGTTF/ngf/Wednesday/microalgae%20culture%20project.ppt [Accessed 04/04/2014] (2008) @No $ @ @ 4.Molina Grima E., Microalgae, mass culture methods. In: Flickinger, M.C., Drew, S.W., editors. Encyclopaedia of bioprocess technology: fermentation, biocatalysis and bio separation, , 1743-69 (1999) @No $ @ @ 5.Humphrey A.S., History of the SWOT analysis. Obtained through the Internet: http://rapidbi.wordpress.com/2008 /12/29/history-of-the-swot-analysis/, [accessed 12/4/2014] (2004) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Theoretical Models of Ultrasonic Velocities in binary liquid mixtures<#LINE#>Rohit@Vaidya,@KarthiyayiniS.,N.K.@Millerjothi<#LINE#>33-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2015-136.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, P.O. Box 345055, Academic City, Dubai, UAE Department of General Sciences, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, P.O. Box 345055, Academic City, Dubai, UAE Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani Dubai Campus, P.O. Box 345055, Academic City, Dubai, UAE<#LINE#>27/9/2015<#LINE#>3rd/10/2015<#LINE#>Ultrasonic velocity is one of the important tools for understanding molecular interaction of binary liquid mixtures. Hence, various theoretical models were devised for calculating ultrasonic velocity. In this work, Impedance relation, Nomoto’s Relation, Rao’s specific velocity relation, Van Dael-Vangeel Ideal mixture relation, and Junjie’s relation are considered and the calculated velocities are compared with the experimental values. The theory which gives the closest agreement is analysed and justified. The binary mixtures of octan-1-ol and methyl at 4 different temperaturesover a range of concentrations are considered. A secondary study is also considered to confirm the inferences. <#LINE#> @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            42Research, 4(8), 3792-3796(2012) @No $ @ @ Gutta Sridevi, Ultrasonic Study of Acoustical Parameters of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Methyl Benzoate with 1Octanol at 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K and 318.15K, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 14-19(2013) @No $ @ @ Shaik Babu S.V., Kumara Shastry, Ha SieTiong and Sreehari Sastry S., Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethyl benzoate, E-Journal of Chemistry, 9(4), 2309-2314(2012) @No $ @ @ Nomoto O, J Phys Soc Jpn.,13, 1528 (1958) @No $ @ @ Shanmuga Priya C., Nitya S., Velraj G. and Kannappan A.N., Molecular interaction studies in liquid mixture using ultrasonic technique, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 18, 59-73 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zareena Begum P.B., Sandhya Sri and Rambabu C., Theoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocities in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Anisaldehyde with Some Alcoxyethanols at Different Temperatures, ISRN Physical Chemistry, vol. 2012, Article ID 943429, 12 pages, (2012) @No $ @ @ Van Dael W and Vangeel E, Proc IntConf on calorimetry and thermodynamics, Warasa, 1955, 555 8.Durga Bhavani M., Ratnakar A. and Kavitha Ch., International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 5, 1-6 (2013) @No $ @ @ 9.GV Rama Rao, PB Sandhya Sri, A Vishwanatha Sarma and C Rambabu, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 45,135-1422007)10.Junjie Z, J China UnivSci Tech., 14, 298 (1984) @No $ @ @ 11.Praveen Babu G., Pavan Kumar B. and Nagarjun K. Samatha, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 11(1) 9-17 (2014) @No $ @ @ 2.Uvarani R. and Punitha S., Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in Organic Liquid Mixtures, E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(S1), S235-S238 (2009) @No $ @ @ 3.Pandey JD, Singh AK and Ranjan Dey, Novel approach for prediction of ultrasonic velocity in quaternary liquid mixtures, Pramana Journal of Physics, Indian Academy of Sciences, 64(1), 135-139 (2005) @No $ @ @ 4.http://www.vias.org/genchem/dipole_moment_table.html(2015) @No $ @ @ 5.Bedare G.R., Bhandakkarand V.D. and Suryavanshi B.M., Ultrasonic Study of Methylmethacrylate in 1, 4-dioxane at 298 K and 2 MHz Frequency, International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Physics, 3(3), 20-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ 6.Pandey J.D., Vinay Sanguri, Yadav M.K. and Aruna Singh, Intermolecular free length and free volume of pure liquids at varying temperatures and pressures, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 47A, 1020-1025, (2008) @No $ @ @ 7.Schaaffs W, Acustica, 33, 27 (1975) @No $ @ @ 8.Al Kandary JA, AL Jimaz AS, Abdul Haq M and Abdul Latif, J ChemEng Data, 51, 2074, (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>New Ferromagnetically Coupled Dicopper (II) Complexes with s – bonding bridge<#LINE#>Yadav@RanBahadur<#LINE#>43-50<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2015-139.pdf<#LINE#> Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390001, INDIA <#LINE#>1/10/2015<#LINE#>13/10/2015<#LINE#>Four ternary binuclear complexes, [Cu(A),pichx](ClO (1 and 2) and [Cu(A)pichx](3 and 4) have been synthesized. In the complexes two metal centers are held together by  - bonding bridge i.e. pichx= N,N’-bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)-1,6-diaminohexane and A2 is 2,2’-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid or 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid coordinated to the metal ions as non-bridging ligands. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurement, IR and electronic spectroscopy. The ESI-mass of the complex is consistent with the binuclear formulation. The complexes are observed to undergo a weak to moderate ferromagnetic coupling between two copper (II) ions. <#LINE#> @ @ Coronado E., Galan-Mascaros J.R., Gomez-Garcia C.J.and Laukhin V, Coexistence of ferromagnetism and metallic conductivity in a molecule-based layered compound, Nature, 408, 447–4492000)  2.Sato E., Iyoda T., Fujishima A. and Hashimoto K., Photoinduced magnetization of a cobalt-iron cyanide, Science, 272704-705 (1996) @No $ @ @ 3.Miller J.S. and Drillon M., Eds, Magnetism: Molecules to Materials II. Nanosized Magnetic Materials; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, (2002) @No $ @ @ 4.Gatteschi D. and Sessoli R., Quantum tunneling of magnetization and related phenomena in molecular materials, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 42, 268–297 (2003) @No $ @ @ 5.Calzado C.J., Clemente-Juan J.M., Coronado E., Gaita-Arino A.
 Suaud N., Role of the electron transfer and magnetic exchange interactions in the magnetic properties of mixed-valence polyoxovanadate complexes, Inorg. Chem.,47, 5889-5901 (2008) @No $ @ @ 6.Sorai M., Nakazawa Y., Nakano M. and Miyazaki Y., Calorimetric Investigation of Phase Transitions Occurring in Molecule-Based Magnets, Chem. Rev., 113, 41-122 (2013) @No $ @ @ 7.Venegas-Yazigia D., Aravena D., Spodine E., Ruiz E.and Alvarez S., Structural and electronic effects on the exchange interactions in dinuclear bis(phenoxo)-bridged copper(II) complexes, Coord. Chem. Rev., 254, 2086-2095 (2010) @No $ @ @ 8.Stylianou M., Drouza C., Viskadourakis Z., Giapintzakis J. and Keramidas A.D., Synthesis, structure, magnetic properties and aqueous solution characterization of p-hydroquinone and phenol iminodiacetate copper (II) complexes, Dalton Trans., 6188-6204 (2008) @No $ @ @ 9.Ruiz E., Alemany P., Alvarez S.
 Cano J., Structural modeling and magneto-structural correlations for hydroxo-bridged copper (II) binuclear complexes, Inorg. Chem.,36, 3683-3688 (1997) @No $ @ @ 10.Hatfield W.E., Comments Inorg. Chem, , 105–121 (1981) @No $ @ @ Melnik M., Study of the relation between the structural data and magnetic interaction in oxo-bridged binuclear copper compounds, Coord. Chem. Rev.,42, 259–293 (1982) @No $ @ @ 2.Kato M. and Muto Y., Factors affecting the magnetic properties of dimeric copper (II) complexes, Coord. Chem. Rev.,92, 45–83 (1988) @No $ @ @ 3.Felthouse T.R. and Hendrickson D.N., Magnetic exchange interactions in binuclear transition-metal complexes, 17. Benzidine and p-phenylenediamine, extended aromatic diamine bridging ligands in binuclear copper(II) 2,2',2''-triaminotriethylamine and vanadyl bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes, Inorg. Chem.,17(9), 2636-2648 (1978) @No $ @ @ 4.Chaudhury P., Order K., Wieghardt K., Ghering S., Hasse W., Nuber B. and Weiss J., Moderately strong intramolecular magnetic exchange interaction between the copper (II) ions separated by 11.25.ANG. in [LCu(OH(.eta.-terephthalato)](ClO (L = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 3657–3658 (1988) @No $ @ @ 5.Glerup J., Goodson P.A., Hodgson D.J. and Michelsen K., Magnetic Exchange through Oxalate Bridges: Synthesis and characterization of (-Oxalato)dimetal (II) complexes of Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, and Zinc, Inorg. Chem.,34, 6255–6264 (1995) @No $ @ @ 6.Real J.A., Mollar M., Ruiz R., Faus J., Lloret F., Julve M. and Levsalles M.P., Oxamidato complexes. Part 6. Complex formation between copper (II) and N,N-bis[2(dimethylamino)ethyl]oxamide (H dmaeoxd). Preparation, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of [Cu (dmaeoxd)(NCO) (HO) ], Dalton Trans, 1483–1488 (1993) @No $ @ @ 7.Calvo R., Steren C.A., Piro O.E., Rojo T., Zungia F.J. and Castellano E.E., Crystal structure and magnetic properties of diaqua(L-aspartato)copper(II),  Inorg. Chem.,32, 6016–6022 (1993) @No $ @ @ 8.Gandhi J.B., Kulkarni N.D., Study of uranyl complexes with new binucleating ligands involving amide and imine coordinating sites, Polyhedron, 18, 1735–1742 (1999) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            50Interscience New York, (1997) @No $ @ @ 20.Clauss A.W., Wilson S.R., Buchanan R.M., Pierpont C.G. and Hendrickson D.N., Magnetic exchange interactions propagated by saturated bridges in binuclear dicyclopentadienyltitanium(III) complexes,Inorg. Chem,22, 628-636 (1983) @No $ @ @ 1.Liu Z., Lu Z., Zhang D., Jiang Z., Li L., Liu C.
 Zhu D., New Types of Heterospin Complexes from trans-Oxamido-Bridged copper (II) binuclear units and nitronyl nitroxide radicals: Crystal structure and magnetic characterization, Inorg. Chem., 43, 6620–6627 (2004) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method<#LINE#>Bakr*@NabeelA.,@ZiadT.Khodair,Hassan@ShahlaaM.Abdul<#LINE#>51-60<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2015-141.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, IRAQ<#LINE#>2nd/10/2015<#LINE#>9/10/2015<#LINE#>In this work Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) films were prepared by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Copper chloride CuCl, Zinc chloride ZnCl, Tin chloride pentahydrate SnCl.5HO and Thiourea SC(NH were used as sources of Copper ions, Zinc ions, Tin ions and Sulfur ions respectively. CZTS thin films have been grown on clean preheated glass at different substrate temperatures of (200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450) C. The structural and optical properties of these films have been studied using XRD, AFM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD results showed that all films are polycrystalline in nature with tetragonal structure and preferred orientation along (112) plane. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer’s formula and it is found that the CZTS thin films have maximum crystallite size of (34.401 nm) at substrate temperature of 450 C. Williamson-Hall analysis was carried out for all samples and the crystallite size along with microstrains were estimated. AFM results showed homogenous and smooth thin films. The absorbance and transmittance spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range of (300- 900) nm in order to study the optical properties. The optical energy gap for allowed direct electronic transition was calculated using Tauc’s equation. It is found that the band gap decreases as the substrate temperature increases and the optical allowed energy gap for the direct electronic transitions was in the range of (2.3 -1.85) eV. Urbach energy values range between (477 - 643) meV. The optical constants including absorption coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were also calculated as a function of photon energy. Refractive index and extinction coefficient were estimated as a function of wavelength. <#LINE#> @ @ Pandey Bhawana and Fulekar M. H., Nanotechnology: Remediation Technologies to clean up the Environmental pollutants, Res. J. chem. sci.,2(2), 90-96(2012) @No $ @ @ Mitzi D.B., Gunawan O., Todorov T.K., Wang K. and Guha S., The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 95(6), 1421-1436(2011) @No $ @ @ Siebentritt S. and Schorr S., Kesterites - a challenging material for solar cells, Prog. Photovoltaics Re. S Appl., 20(5), 512-519 (2012) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            60Figure-11 Refractive index versus wavelength of CZTS thin films Figure-12 Extinction coefficient versus wavelength of CZTS thin films Figure-13 Real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant versus photon energy of CZTS thin films 4.Todorov T.K., Tang J., Bag S., Gunawan O., Gokmen T., Zhu Y. and Mitzi D.B., Beyond 11% efficiency: characteristics of state-of-the-art CuZnSn(S,Se) solar cells, Adv. Energy Mater., 1(3), 34–38 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pramod S. Patil, Versatility of chemical spray pyrolysis technique, Mater. Chem. Phys., 59(3), 185–198 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nakayama N. and Ito K., Sprayed films of stannite CuZnSnS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 92, 171–175 (1996) @No $ @ @ Valdes M., Santoro G. and Vazquez M., Spray deposition of CuZnSnS thin films, J. Alloy Compd., 585, 776–782 (2014) @No $ @ @ Deokate R.J., Adsool A.D., Shinde N.S., Pawar S.M. and Lokhande C.D., Structural and Optical properties spray-deposited CuZnSnS thin films, Energy procedia, 54, 627-633 (2014) @No $ @ @ Subramania E.P., Rajesh G., Muthukumarasamy N., Thambidurai M., Asokan V. and Velauthapillai D., Solar cells of CuZnSnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition method, Indian J. Pure Ap. Phy., 52, 620-624 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kishore Kumar Y.B., Suresh Babu G., Uday Bhaskar P. and Sundara Raja V., Preparation and characterization of spray-deposited CuZnSnS thin films, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 93(8), 1230–1237 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sheleg A.U., Hurtavy V.G., Mudryi A.V., Valakh M. Ya., Yukhymchuk V.O., Babichuk I.S., Leon M. and Caballero R., Determination of the Structural and Optical Characteristics of CuZnSnS Semiconductor Thin Films, Semiconductors, 48(10), 1296–1302 (2014) @No $ @ @ Touati R., Ben Rabeh M. and Kanzari M., Effect of post-sulfurization on the structural and optical properties of CuZnSnS thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation method, Thin Solid Films, 582, 198-202 (2015) @No $ @ @ Res. J. Chem. Sci.  International Science Congress Association            6113.Kishore Kumar Y.B., Uday Bhaskar P., Suresh Babu G. and Sundara Raja V., Effect of copper salt and thiourea concentrations on the formation of CuZnSnS thin films by spray pyrolysis, Phys. Status Solidi A, 207(1), 149–156(2010) @No $ @ @ Mote V.D., Purushotham Y. and Dole B.N., WilliamsonHall analysis in estimation of lattice strain in nanometer-sized ZnO particles, J. Theor. Appl. Phys., 6(6), 1-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bakr N.A., Characterization of a CdZnTe/CdTe heterostructure system prepared by Zn diffusion into a CdTe thin film, J. Cryst. Growth,235(1), 217-223 (2002) @No $ @ @ Daranfed W., Aida M. S., Attaf N., Bougdira J. and Rinnert H., Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, J. Alloy Compd. 542, 22–27(2012) @No $ @ @ Kamoun N., Bouzouita H. and Rezig B., Fabrication and characterization of CuZnSnS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique, Thin Solid Films, 515(15), 5949–5952 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saleh A.F., Structural and morphological studies of NiO thin films prepared by Rapid thermal oxidation method, IJAIEM, 2(1), 16-21 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bakr N.A., Salman S.A. and Shano A.M., Effect of Co Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of NiO Thin Films Prepared By Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method, Int. lett. chem. phys. astron., 41, 15-30 (2015) @No $ @ @ Bodnar I. V. , Temperature dependence of the band gap of CuZnSnS single crystals, Semiconductors, 49(5), 582-585 (2015) @No $ @ @ Seol J.S., Lee S.Y., Lee J.C., Nam H.D. and Kim K.H., Electrical and optical properties of CuZnSnS thin films prepared rf mageteon sputtering process, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 75, 155-162 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tanaka T., Nagatomo T., Kawasaki D., Nishio M., Guo Q., Wakahara A., Yoshida A. and Ogawa H., Preparation of CuZnSnS thin films by hybrid sputtering, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 66, 1978-1981(2005) @No $ @ @ Wang W., Shen H., Yao H., Li J. and Jiao J., Inuence of solution temperature on the properties of CuZnSnSnanoparticles by ultrasound-assisted microwave irradiation, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 26(3), 1449-1454 (2015) @No $ @ @ Bakr N.A., El-Hadidy H., Hammam M. and Migahed M.D., Refractive index, extinction coefficient and DC conductivity of amorphous arsenic triselenide thin film doped with silver, Thin Solid Films, 424, 296–302 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S., Chalcogenide Thin Films Having Nanometer Grain Size for Photovoltaic Applications, Res. J. chem. sci., 1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Solanki G.K., Gosai N.N. and Patel K.D., Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Tin Selenide Nanoparticles Prepared by Aqueous Solution Method, Res. J. chem. sci., 5(3), 1-5(2015) @No $ @ @ Touati R., Ben Rabeh M. and Kanzari M., Structural and Optical Properties of the New Absorber CuZnSnS Thin Films Grown by Vacuum Evaporation Method, Energy Procedia, 44, 44 – 51 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kahraman S., Çetinkaya S., Podlogar M., Bernik S., Çetinkara H.A. and Güder H.S., Effects of the sulfurization temperature on sol- gel processed CuZnSnS thin films, Ceram. Int., 39(8), 9285-9292 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sarswat P.K. and Free M.L., A study of energy band gap versus temperature for CuZnSnS thin films, Physica B, 407, 108–111 (2012) @No $ @ @ Al. Shammary N.F., Optical characteristics of NiO thin film on glass formed by Chemical spray pyrolysis, J. Kufa-Phys., 2(1), 22-27 (2010) @No $ @ @ Balu A.R., Nagarethinam V.S., Arunkumar N. and Suganya M., Nanocrystalline NiO thin films prepared by a low cost simplified spray technique using perfume atomizer, J. Electron Devices, 13, 920-930 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmed S.S., Hassan E.K. and G.H. Mohamed, Investigation of Optical Proper-ties of NiO0.99Cu0.01 Thin Film by Thermal Evaporation Technique, Int. J. Adv. Res., 2(2), 633- 638 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa I.A., Optical Analysis of Chemical bath Fabricated CuO Thin Films, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(1), 46-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Okereke N. A. and Ekpunobi A. J., XRD and UV-VIS-IR Studies of Chemically-Synthesized Copper Selenide Thin Films, Res. 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<#LINE#>Assessment of Non-carcinogenic Human Health Risk of some Heavy Metals in Land Snails commonly consumed in Bayelsa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>@DouyeP.Markmanuel,Jnr@MichaelHorsfall<#LINE#>61-66<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2015-142.pdf<#LINE#>2*Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education, Sagbama, P.M.B. 74 Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B, 5323, Port Harcourt, NIGERIA<#LINE#>2nd/10/2015<#LINE#>14/10/2015<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @ Fagbuaro O, Oso J.A., Edward J.B. and Ogunleye R.F., Nutritional status of four species of giant land snails in Nigeria, J Zhejiang Univ Sci B., 7(9), 686–689 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cimino G. and Carisi C., Acute Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Aerobic Digestion of Waste Cheese, Wheyi Bio Waste,33, 201-202 (1990) @No $ @ @ Nuenberg K.J., Fresh water Molluscs as Sentinel Organisms of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fresh Water Ecosystems, J. Environ. 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@Review Paper
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