@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Index Model Analysis Approach to Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of Nworie and Otamiri Rivers in Imo State of Nigeria<#LINE#>G.N.@Iwuoha,L.C.@Osuji,Jnr.M.@Horsfall,<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2011-182.pdf<#LINE#>Department of pure and industrial chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>30/8/2011<#LINE#>14/9/<#LINE#>The distribution, controlling geochemical factors and contamination status of heavy metals in sediments of Otamiri and Nworie rivers in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, were investigated. Two groups of bed sediments samples were collected from five sample stations during February 2008 and June 2008. The sample were analyzed to determine their heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Cr), and the results showed that the heavy metal concentrations were slightly higher in February than those sampled in June. The results also showed that metal content directly correlate to flow condition of the rivers as station 2 recorded higher values than others.. Environmental assessment of sediments pollution by heavy metal was carried out using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and enrichment factors (EF). EF not only show the class of pollution status of the river bed sediments but could be an exact indicator (i.e. showing the percentage contribution) from the sources (lithogenic or anthropogenic) of the contaminant and is very simple to use. Based on  these indicators  for predicting  the level of heavy metal of Otamiri/Nworie river sediments, the ENRICHMENT FACTOR (EFmodel was chosen as  the best  over other models.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sheikh M.A., Noah N.M., Tsuha K., Oomoti T., Occurrence of tributyltin compounds and characteristics of heavy metals, Int. J. Environ, Sci Tech., 4(1), 49-60 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zvinowanda C.M., Okonkwo J.O., Shabalala P.N. and Agyei N.M., A Novel adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in aqueous environments, Int. J. Environs Sci. Tech., 6(3) 425-435 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ibe K.M. and Njemanze G.N., The impact of urbanization and protection of water resources, Owerri, Nigeria, J of Environmental hydrology, , 9 (1998) @No $ @ @ Caeciro S., Costa M.H, Ramos T.B, Ternades F, Silveira N., Coimbra A., Medeiros G. and Painho M., Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado Estuary sediment, An index analysis approach, Ecological indicators, 5, 151-169 (2005) @No $ @ @ Spencer K.L and Macleod C.L., Distribution and portioning of Heavy Metals in Estuarine sediment Quality standard, Hydrology and earth system science, 6, 989-998 (2002) @No $ @ @ Farkas A., Erratico C. and Vigano L., Assessment of the environmental significance of heavy metal pollution in surficial sediment of the river b. Chemosphere, 68, 761-768 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sreedevi P. Suresh A., Sivaramakanisgma B., Prabharathi B. and Radha Krishaiah K., Bioaccumulation of Nickel in the Organs of the fresh water fish cyriono Carpio and the fresh water mussel Lamelliokens Marginalsi, under lethal and sublethal Nickel stress chemisphere, 24(1), 29–36 (1992) @No $ @ @ Oguzie F.A., Heavy metals in fish, water and effluents of lower Ikpoba  river in Benin, Nigeria Pak, J. Sci ind. Res., 46(3), 156–160 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hendershot W.H., Lalande H. and Duquette M., Soil pH; soil sampling and method of analysis, Lewis publishers, U.S.A. (1993) @No $ @ @ Schnitzer M., Soil organic matter, in page A.L. Eds., methods of soil analysis part II. Chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd  Ed. ASA inc. and SSSA inc. publishers; Madison, WI, US (1982) @No $ @ @ Hernandez L., Probst A., Probst J.I. and Ulrich E., Heavy metal distribution in French forest soil, evidence for atmosphere contamination, The science of total Enviroment, 312, 195-210 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shin P.K.S. and Lam W.K.C., Development of a marine sediment pollution index, Environmental pollution, 113, 281-29 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Hydrotropes on Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient of Chlorobenzene<#LINE#>Arunodhaya@Natarajan,Jayakumar@Chinnakannu,Gandhi@Nagendra,<#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-041.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>1/3/2012<#LINE#>7/3/2012<#LINE#> A comprehensive investigated on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient enhancement of chlorobenzene through hydrotropy has been undertaken. The solubility and mass transfer coefficient studies were carried out using hydrotropes such as citric acid, sodium benzoate and urea under the influence of a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). It has been observed that the solubility of chlorobenzene increases with increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. A minimum hydrotrope concentration (MHC) in the aqueous phase was required to initiate significant solubilization of chlorobenzene. Consequent to the increase in solubilization of chlorobenzene, the mass transfer coefficient was also found to increase with increase in hydrotrope concentration at 303 K. A threshold value of MHC is to be maintained to have an appreciable enhancement in the mass transfer coefficient. The maximum enhancement factor, which is the ratio of the value in the presence and absence of a hydrotrope, has been determined for all sets of experimentations. The performance of hydrotropes was measured in terms of setschenow constant (Kand reported for all hydrotropes used in this study.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sar Santosh K. and Rathod Nutan., Micellar properties of alkyltrimethyl ammmonium bromide in aquo-organic  solvent media, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4, 22-29  (2011) @No $ @ @ Thenesh-Kumar S., Gnana-Prakash D. and Nagendra-Gandhi N., Effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid,  Pol. J. Chem. Technol., 11, 54–58 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramesh N., Jayakumar C. and Nagendra Gandhi N., Effective separation of Petro products through Hydrotropy, Chem. Eng. Technol 32(1), 129–133 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez A., Gracini M. and Moya M.L., Effects of addition of polar organic solvents on micellization,   Langmuir., 24, 12785-12790 (2008) @No $ @ @ Varagunapandian N. and Nagendra Gandhi N., Enhancement of solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient through Hydrotropy, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering., 62, 97-110 (2008) @No $ @ @ Joshi J.V., Aswal V.K., Goyal P.S. and Bahadur P., Role of counterion of the surfactant molecule on the micellar structure in aqueous solution, Curr. Sci., 83, 47-52 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nagendra Gandhi N. and Dharmendira Kumar M., Effect of hydrotropes on solubility and mass transfer coefficient of amyl acetate, Bioprocess Eng., 449/0116 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lee Y.S. and Woo K.W., Micellization of Aqueous Cationic Surfactant Solutions at the Micellar Structure  Transition Concentration-Based upon the Concept of the Pseudophase Separation, J. Colliod Interface Sci., 169,  34-38 (1993) @No $ @ @ Korenman Y.I., Extraction of xylenols in the presence of hydrotropic compounds, Russ. J. Phys. Chem.,48, 377-378 (1974) @No $ @ @ Booth H.S. and Everson H.E., Hydrotropic solubilities, Ind. Eng.Chem., 41, 2627-2628 (1949) @No $ @ @ Mckee  R.H., Use of hydrotrope solutions in Industry,  Ind. Eng. chem., 38, 382 (1946) @No
<#LINE#>Comparative Analysis of Adsorptive Desulphurization of Crude Oil by Manganese Dioxide and Zinc Oxide<#LINE#>Adeyi@,@AbelAdekanmi,Aberuagba,Folorunsho<#LINE#>14-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-055.pdf<#LINE#>Department of chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, NIGERIA <#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>11/3/2012<#LINE#> Desulphurization of crude oil has lately become one of the most important processes in crude oil refining. Increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations mean that motor fuel producers must improve their existing technology and to start considering alternative means of isolating sulphur from crude oil. Adsorption is a process that can be applied for crude oil desulphurization. The idea is to selectively separate less than 1 wt.% of fuel mass by selective adsorption for removing sulphur, and leave the 99 wt.% of non sulphur-containing crude oil mass untouched. A comparative study was made of the desulphurization potentials of two metal oxides-activated manganese dioxide, AM and activated zinc oxide, AZ.  Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of the adsorption process was done. The analysis of residual sulphur indicated that significant sulphur depletion occurred with activated manganese dioxide in the five-hour and six-hour reaction times. Kinetic analysis was best described by pseudo-second-order model. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were well fitted for the balance analysis of the adsorptive desulphurization. <#LINE#> @ @ Shiraishi Y., Naito T., Hirai T. and Komasawa I., A Novel Methodology Towards Deep Desulphurization of Light Oil Effected by Sulphimides Formation, Ind. Eng. and Chem. Res., 1256-1257 (2001) @No $ @ @ Song C., Xiaoliang Ma, Ultra-deep desulphurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels-chemistry and process, Int. J. Green Eng., 1(2), 167–191 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jawad Z.A., Sulphur Dioxide Removal in Coal Slurry Reactor, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Technology, (2007) @No $ @ @ Di-shun Z., Fengxia S., Erpeng Z. and Yan L., A Review of Desulphurization of Light Oil Based on Selective Oxidation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, China, October, (2003) @No $ @ @ Thomas J.K.,  A Flow Calorimetric Study of Adsorption of Dibenzothiophene, Naphthalene and Quinoline on Zeolites, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario Canada, (2008) @No $ @ @ Mohammad F.A., Abdullah A., Bassam E.A., Fuel 86, 1354 (2006) @No $ @ @ Guoxian Y., Hui C., Shanxiang L. and Zhongnan Z., Deep desulphurization of diesel by catalytic oxidation,  Chem. Eng. China., 1(2), 162-166 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jiang X., Nie Y., Li C. and Wang Z., Imidazolium-based alkyl phosphate ionic liquids- A potential solvent for extractive desulphurization of fuel, Fuel., 8(7), 79-84(2008) @No $ @ @ Zhao Ma, Song, Liquid-phase adsorption of multi-ring thiophene sulphur compounds on carbon materials with different surface properties, J. Phys. Chem. B., 110(10) 4699-4707 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gomez E., Santos V.E., Alcon A., Martin A.B. and Garcia-Ochoa F., Oxygen-uptake and mass transfer rates on the grown of pseudomonas putida CECT5279: Influence on biodesulphurization, (BDS) capability, Energy and Fuels,20(4), 1565-1571 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tymchyshyn M., Deep Desulphurization of Diesel Fuels, Lakehead University, April (2008) @No $ @ @ Hines A.L. and  Maddox R.N., Mass Transfer: Fundamental and Application, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, (1985) @No $ @ @ Hernandez- Yang R.T., Yang F.H., Takahashi A. and Maldonado A.J.,Selective sorbents for purification of hydrocarbons//US 2004/0040891 US 2004/0044262 A1. (2004) @No $ @ @ Liu G., Rodriguez J.A., Chang Z., Hrbek J., Gonzalez L.J.Chemistry of sulphur-containing molecules on Au(111): thiophene, sulphur dioxide, and methanethiol adsorption, Surface Science,505(1-3), 295-307 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nehlsen J.P., Benziger J.B. and Kevrekidis I.G., Removal of Alkanethiols from a Hydrocarbon Mixture by Heterogeneous Reaction with Metal Oxides, Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res.42, 6919-6923 (2003) @No $ @ @ Muic M., Sertic-Bionda K., Gomzi Z., Kinetic and Statistical Studies of Adsorptive Desulphurization of Diesel Fuel on Commercial Activated Carbons, Chem. Eng. Tech.,31, 355-364 (2008) @No $ @ @ Muic M., Sertic-Bionda K. and Gomzi Z., Kinetic Equilibrium and Statistical Analysis of Diesel Fuel Adsorptive Desulphurization, Chem. Eng. Tech., 48(3), 373-394 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bakr A., Salem S.H. and Hamid H.S., Removal of Sulphur Compounds from Naphta Solutions Using Solid AdsorbentsChem.l En. Tech.,20, 342-347 (1997) @No $ @ @ Parab H., Joshi S., Shenoy N., Lali A., Sarma U.S. and Sudersanan M., Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) onto coir pith, Process Biochem., 41, 609-615(2006) @No $ @ @ Wu C.-H., Adsorption of reactive dye onto carbon nanotubes: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamicsJ. Hazard. Mater., 144, 93-100 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>DABCO Promoted Multi-Component one-pot Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives<#LINE#>Pradeep@Paliwal,Jetti@SrinivasaRao,Shubha@Jain,<#LINE#>21-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-088.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Heterocycles, School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain-456010, INDIA <#LINE#>10/4/2012<#LINE#>21/4/2012<#LINE#>The reaction of dimedone with various heteroaryl aldehydes afforded the corresponding heteroaryl substituted xanthene derivatives. Reaction proceeds via initial Knoevenagel, subsequent micheal and final heterocyclization reactions using 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO) as catalyst. Short reaction time, environmentally friendly procedure, no need to use cumbersome apparatus for the purification of the products and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure which makes it more economic than the other conventional methods. <#LINE#> @ @ Orru R.V.A. and Greef M., Recent advances in solution-phase multicomponent methodology for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, Synthesis1471-1499 (2003) @No $ @ @ Domling A., Recent developments in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry, Chem. Rev., 106, 17-89 (2006) @No $ @ @ Domling A. and Ugi I., Multicomponent reacitons with isocyanides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 39, 3168-3210 (2000) @No $ @ @ Masquelin T., Bui H., Stephenson G., Schwerkoske J. and Hulme C., Sequential Ugi/Strecker reactions via microwave assisted organic synthesis: novel 3-center-4-component and 3-center-5-component multi-component     reactions,Tetrahedron Lett. 47, 2989-2991 (2006) @No $ @ @ Djandé A., Kiendrébéogo M., Compaoré M., Kaboré L., Nacoulma G.O., Aycard J. and Saba A.,  Antioxidant potential of 4-acyl isochroman-1,3-diones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 88-90 (2011) @No $ @ @ Menchen S.M., Benson S.C., Lam, J.Y.L., Zhen, W., Sun D., Rosenblum B.B., Khan S.H. and Taing M.U.S.  PatentUS 6583168 (2003) @No $ @ @ Knight C.G. and Stephens T., Xanthene-dye-labelled phosphatidylethanolamines as probes of interfacial pH, Biochem J., 258, 683-689 (1989) @No $ @ @ Bhattachary A.K., Rana K.C., Microwave assisted synthesis of 14-aryl-14-dibenzo[a,j] xanthenes catalysed by TSA in solution and solvent-free conditions, Mendeleev Commun., 17, 247-248 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mulongo G., Mbabazi J., Odongkara B., Twinomuhwezi H. and Mpango G.B., New biologically active compounds from 1, 3-Diketones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 102-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Karimi-Jaberi Z. and Hashemi M.M., One step synthesis of 14-alkyl- or aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes using     sodium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst, Monatsh. Chem., 139, 605-608 (2008) @No $ @ @ Seyyedhamzeh M., Mirzaei M. and Bazgir A., Solvent-free synthesis of aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes and 1,8Dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes using silica sulfuric acid as catalyst, Dyes Pigm., 76, 836-839 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sirkecioglu O., Talinli N. and Akar A., Chemical aspects of santalin as a histological stain, J. Chem Res (S), 502 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wang J.Q. and Harvey R.G., Synthesis of polycyclic xanthenes and furans via palladium-catalyzed cyclization of polycyclic aryltriflate esters, Tetrahedron, 58, 5927-5931 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stetler H. and Forest W., New Methods of Preparative Organic Chemistry, Academic Press NY, , 51-54 (1963) @No $ @ @ Casiraghi G., Casnati G., Catellani M. and Corina M.A.A., Convenient one-step synthesis of xanthene derivatives, Synthesis, 564-564 (1974) @No $ @ @ Anand S., Shallu G., Poonam G. and Sharma R.L., Synthetic studies of some varied structural systems of biologically potent polynitrogen heteropolycyclics, Ind. J Chem.49B, 1243-1256 (2010) @No $ @ @ Majid M.H., Hamideh A., Khadijeh B., Mina S., Hossein A.O. and Fatemeh F.B., Solvent-free synthesis of xanthenes derivatives by preyssler type heteropolyacid, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 25(3), 399-406 (2011) @No $ @ @ Muharrem K., Aldol Condensation and Michael Addition of 4,4-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and Aromatic Aldehydes, Unconventional Substituent Effects,Chinese Journal of Chemistry 29, 2355–2360 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ilangovan A., Malayappasamy S., Muralidharan S. and Maruthamuthu S., A highly efficient green synthesis of 1, 8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes, Chemistry Central Journal, , 81-86 (2011) @No $ @ @ Baghernejad B., 4-Diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (DABCO) as a useful catalyst in organic synthesis, European Journal of Chemistry 1(1), 5460 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hua Y., Rui T., Ye L., Organic reactions catalyzed by 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO), Frontiers of Chemistry in China, 3(3), 279-287 (2008) @No $ @ @ Da-Zhen X., Yingjun L., Sen S. and Yongmei W., A simple, efficient and green procedure for Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by [Cdabco][BF] ionic liquid in water, Green Chem.12, 514-517 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bigdeli M., Clean synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes promoted  by DABCO-bromine in aqueous media, Chinease Chemical Letters, 21, 1180-1182 (2010) @No $ @ @ Saeed B., Sorour R., Morteza B. and Jurgen H.G., DABCOcatalyzed efficient synthesis of naphthopyran derivatives via OnePot threecomponent condensation reaction at room temperature, Synth. Commun., 38(7),       1078-1089 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ka Y.L., Jeong M.K. and Jae N.K., Synthesis of 2,3,4, 4a-Tetrahydroxanthen-1-ones and 3,3a-dihydro-2H        cyclopenta[b]chromene-1-ones from the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 2-cyclohexen-1-one and 2-cyclopenten-1-one, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 24(1), 17-18 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jain S., Babu G.N., Jetti S.R., Harshada S. and Suryaprakash D., Synthesis, antitubercular and antifungal activities of heteroaryl -substituted oxirance derived from Baylis - Hillman adducts, Med Chem Res. (In press),        doi:10.1007/s00044-011-9802-2 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jain S., Paliwal P. and Babu G.N., DABCO promoted one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrano()chromene and pyrano[2,3-]pyrimidine derivatives and their biological activities,  J Saudi Chem. Soc., (In press) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.10.023 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Kinetics of Oxidation of Vitamin-B3 (Niacin) by Sodium N-bromo benzenesulphonamide (Bromamine-B) in HCl Medium and Catalysis by Ru(III) ion<#LINE#>Chandrashekar,B.M.@Venkatesha,S.@Ananda<#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-096.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraj’s college, University of Mysore, Mysore -570005, INDIA @Department of studies in Chemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore, INDIA <#LINE#>18/4/2012<#LINE#>30/4/2012<#LINE#> Kinetics of uncatalyzed and Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of vitamin-B3 (niacin) by the titled compound (bromamine-B) in HCl medium has been studied at 303K. The uncatalyzed reaction shows a first order dependence of the rate on (BAB) and (vitamin-B3), inverse fractional order in (acid). The Ru(III) Catalyzed reaction on the other hand shows a first order behavior on each of (BAB) and (vitaminB3), fractional order dependence on Ru(III) and inverse fractional order in (acid). The reaction rate shows inverse fractional order (benzenesulphonamide) in both uncatalyzed and Ru(III) ion catalyzed reactions. Addition of halide ions, variation of ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium had no effect on the reaction rate. Activation parameters have been evaluated from the arrhenius plots, mechanisms consistent with the above kinetic data have been proposed.  <#LINE#> @ @  Mahadevappa D.S., Ananda S., Murthy A.S.A. and Rangappa K.S., Tetrahedron, 10, 1673 (1984) @No $ @ @  Rao P.V.S., Subbaiah K.V. and Murthy P.S.N., React Kinet, Catol, Lett., 10, 79, (1979)11, 287 (1979) @No $ @ @ Venkatesha B.M., Ananda S. and Mahadevappa D.S.,  Indian J. Chem., 30A, 789-792 (1991) @No $ @ @ Ananda S., Venkatesha B.M., Mahadevappa D.S. and Madegowda N.M.,  Int J. Chem Kinet., 25, 755-770 (1993) @No $ @ @  Capella-Peiro E.,  Monferrer-ponsL., Garca-Alvarez-Coque C. and Esteve-Romeroj, Analytical chimica Acta, 427, 193-100 (2001) @No $ @ @  Khan  Seemab, Rai M.K., Gupta U.K. and Rai J.K., Indian Journal of chemistry, 44A, 98-101 (2005) @No $ @ @  Wei Wang, Alice Basinger, Richard A. Neese, Barryshane, Su-A Myong, Mark Christiansen and Marc K Hellerstein., Am.J. Physiol Endocrinal, metab, 280(3) E 540-547 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ronald B. Goldberg and Terry A. Jacobson, Mayoclin Proc., 83(4), 470- 478 (2008) @No $ @ @  Wei Wang, Alice Basinger, Richard A Neese, Mark Christiansen and Marc K., Heller stein, Am.J. P. Physiol. Endocrinal. Metab, 279(1), E 50 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dayalan A. and R. Vijayaraghvan V.,  Indian J. Chem, 40A, 959 (2001) @No $ @ @  Bundareva V.M., Ovchinnikava E.V. and rushkevich T.V., React Kinet and Cat Lett, 94(2), 327-335 (2008) @No $ @ @  Sonawane Vilas Y., Res.J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 25-30 (2011) @No $ @ @  Medjor O.W., Egharevba F., Akpoveta O.V., Ize-Iyamu O.K. and Jatto E.O., Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 38-44 (2012) @No $ @ @ Atohoun Y.G.S., Kuevi U.A., Kpota A.H. and Mensah J.B., Res.J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 18-23 (2011) @No $ @ @  Ahmed M.S. and Mahadevappa D.S., Talanta, 27, 669 (1980) @No $ @ @ Furniss B.S., Hannatord A.J., Smith P.W.G.  and Tatchell A.R., Vogels Text book of organic chemistry, Pearson Publication, 1213 (2009) @No $ @ @  Pryde B.G. and Soper F.G., J. Chem., Soc, 1582 (1926) @No $ @ @ 514 (1931) @No $ @ @  Morris J.C., Salazar J.A. and Wineman M.A., J. Ame, Chem soc., 70, 2036 (1948) @No $ @ @  Bishop E. and Jennings V.J., Talanta, 1, 197 (1958) @No $ @ @  Narayanan S.S., and Rao V.R.S., Radiochem, Acta, 32, 211 (1983) @No $ @ @ Subhashini M.,  Subramanian M. and Rao V.R.S., Talanta, 32, 1082 (1985) @No $ @ @  Cady H.H.  and Connick R.E., J Am chem. Soc, 80, 2646 (1958) @No $ @ @  Connick R.E. and Fine D.A., J Am chem. Soc, 82, 4187 (1960) @No $ @ @  Davtokratova T., Analytical chemistry of ruthenium, Academy of Sciences, USSR, 54,71, 97 (1963) @No $ @ @  Griffith W.P., The chemistry of the rare platinum metals, (Interscience publishers), 141 (1967) @No $ @ @  Backhours J.R., Doyer F.D. and Shales N., Proc. Rov soc, 83, 146 (1950) @No $ @ @  Singh B. Singh N.B. and Saxena B.B.L., J. Indian Chemical Soc., 61, 319 (1984) @No $ @ @  Singh B., Singh P.K. and Singh D., J. mol. Cat, 78, 207 (1988) @No $ @ @  Ananda S., Venkatesha B.M., Mahadevappa D.S. and Madegowda N.M.,  Int J. Chem Kinet 25, 755 (1993) @No
<#LINE#>Characterization of Bitumen and Modified Bitumen (e-PMB) using FT-IR, Thermal and SEM techniques<#LINE#>Reena@Gupta,Sangita,Verinder@Kaur,@<#LINE#>31-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-097.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chemistry, Maharishi Ved Vyas Engg College, Jagadhri, INDIA @ Flexible Pavement Division, Central Road Research, New-Delhi, INDIA @ 3Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamunanagar, INDIA <#LINE#>18/4/2012<#LINE#>30/4/2012<#LINE#> In last five years WEEE production increases to an alarming rate. At present, there are number of methods to manage it such as dismantling and recovering of reusable parts like costly metals and incineration, pyrolysis, recycling of plastic components and lastly disposal in landfilling etc. but some of these processes are energy consuming and are neither cost effective nor eco-friendly. Therefore, the present study focuses on the effective and sustainable management of e-plastic waste left after recovery of metallic portion from discarded E-gadgets. It deals with the development of modified binder from e-plastic waste with an aim to find an innovative technology for its effective use to produce bituminous mixes used for road construction and to minimize it in the environment. To meet this objective homogenous blend (e-PMB) of e- polymers and bitumen were prepared using an electrically operated stirrer. These blends are then characterized using FT-IR, Thermal and SEM techniques. <#LINE#> @ @ SinhaSatish, Sustainable E-waste Management, Toxic link, Retrieved from: http://www.toxicslink.org/art-view.php?id=134 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma Pramila, Fulekar M.H. and Pathak Bhawan, E-Waste- A Challenge for Tomorrow, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 86-93, (2012) @No $ @ @ Urban hazard: Mumbai choking on e-waste, Retrieved from:http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ NEWS/ India/Urban_hazard_Mumbai_choking_on_e-waste/ RssArticle/articleshow/1671262 (2012) @No $ @ @ Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of Electronic Waste, March 12, Retrieved from: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/e_Waste.php (2008) @No $ @ @ Gupta Reena, Sangita and Kaur Verinder, Electronic Waste: A Case Study, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(9), 48-56 (2011) @No $ @ @ A report by: Meinhardt Infrastructure and Environment Group for Environment Australia, Computer and Peripherals Material Project, (2001) Retrieved from: http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.environment.gov.au/ContentPages/4014922.pdf(2001) @No $ @ @ Gupta Rakesh K., Electronics Recycling, Retrieved from: http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/indpartner/em5-4.pdf(2012) @No $ @ @ William J., Hall and Paul T. Williams, Fast pyrolysis of halogenated plastics recovered from waste computers, Energy and fuels ,1536-1549, (2006) @No $ @ @ Downes, M. J. W., Koole, R. C., Mulder, E. A. and Graham, W.E., Some Proven New Binders and their Cost Effectiveness, Proceedings of the VIIth AAPA International Asphalt Conference Brisbane, 119-132. August 7-11, (1998) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano crystalline Neodymium Nickelate (NdNiO3) Powders using Low Temperature Molten Salt Technique<#LINE#>S.@IgnatiusArockiam,RegisA.@PeterPascal,L.@JohnBerchmans<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-098.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Electropyrometallurgy Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>19/4/2012<#LINE#>30/4/2012<#LINE#>The ultrafine neodymium nickelate (NdNiO) powders have been prepared by molten flux method using oxide precursors. The synthesized materials were characterised using XRD, FTIR, CHNS, EDAX and EPR analytical techniques. The morphology of the synthesized crystals were scrutinized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis has shown that the synthesized crystal has possessed cubic structure. FTIR spectrum exhibits the absorption bands for the Nd-O stretching vibration and Ni-O bands at different wave lengths. The CHNS analysis presents the impurities level in the synthesized compound. EDAX analysis gives the concentration of Nd, Ni and O ions in the compound. The lone pair of electron state is identified from the EPR spectrum. The SEM micrographs depicts the presence of fine crystallites with assorted morphology. The average particle size of the powders is ranging between 25-35 m. From the above studies, it has been concluded that pure crystals of NdNiO3 compound can be synthesized by low temperature molten salt technique. <#LINE#> @ @ Damay F., Nguyen N., Maignan A., Hervieu M. and Raveau B., Colossal magnetoresistance properties of samamrium based manganese perovskite, Solid State Commun., 98, 997 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lagouri Th., Dedoussis Sp., Chardalas M. and Liolios,Positron annihilation studies in high-Tc superconductors RBaCu, R: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er A.,  Phys. Lett. A, 229, 259 (1997) @No $ @ @ Junmo Koo, Jae Hyeok Jang, and Byeong- Soo Bae, Crystallization Behavior of Sol–Gel-Derived Strontium Barium Niobate Thin Films, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 84, 193 (2001) @No $ @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Ingale Babasaheb D., Tingre Govind D., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V.  and Masumdar Elahipasha U., Some Studies on Chemically Deposited n-PbSe Thin Films, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(9), 37-41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao M.C. and Hussain O.M. Optical Properties of Vacuum Evaporated WO3 Thin Films, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(7), 76-80 (2011) @No $ @ @ Panneerselvam M. and Rao K.J., Microwave preparation and sintering of industrially important perovskite oxide LaMO3(M = Cr,Co,Ni), J. Mater. Chem,13, 596 (2003) @No $ @ @ Suddhakar C. and Vannice M.A., Preparation and characterization of palladium dispersed on rare earth oxide support, Applied Catalysis, Appl. Catal., 14, 47 (1985) @No $ @ @ Suddhakar C. and Vannice M.A., Methanol and methane formation over palladium/rare earth oxide catalysts, J. Catal., 95, 227 (1985) @No $ @ @ Mendelovici M. and Steinberg, Methanation and water-gas shift reactions over  PtCeOM., J. Catal.,96, 285 (1985) @No $ @ @ Padeste C., Cant N.W. and Trimm D.L., Catal. Lett., 18, 305 (1993) @No $ @ @ Diaz H., Marcq J.P., Pinabiau M. and Barbaux Y., Eur. Pat., 8,508, 210 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sanchez M.G. and Gazquez J.L., oxygen vacancy model in strong metal-support interaction, J. Catal., 104, 120 (1987) @No $ @ @ Wan H., Chao Z., Weng W., Zhou X, Cai J. and  Tsai K., Constituent selection and performance characterization of catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane and oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Catal. Today, 30, 67 (1996) @No $ @ @ Herrmann J.M., Hoang-Van C., Dibansa L. and Hari-vololonola R., Anin Situ Electrical Conductivity Studyof a CeOAerogel Supported Palladium Catalyst in Correlation with the Total Oxidation of Propane, J. Catal.,159, 361(1996) @No $ @ @ DeLeitenburg C., Trovarelli A., Llorca J., Cavani F. and Bini G.,The effect of doping CeO with zirconium in the oxidation of isobutene, Appl. Catal., 139, 161 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S Chalcogenide Thin Films Having Nanometer Grain Size for Photovoltaic Applications, Res.J. Chem.Sci., 1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Okereke N.A. and Ekpunobi A.J.  XRD and UV-VIS-IR Studies of Chemically-Synthesized Copper Selenide Thin  Films, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(6), 64-70 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bae D.S., Han K.S. and Adair J.H., Synthesis and Microstructure of Pd/SiO Nanosized Particles by Reverse Micelle and Sol-Gel Processing, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 3117(2002) @No $ @ @ Alexendrescu R., Morjan I., Dumitrache F., Scarisoreanu M., Soare I., Fleaca C., Birjega R., Popovici E., Gavrila L., Prodan G., Ciupina V., Filoti G., Kuncser V.  and Vekas L.,Photochemistry Aspects of the Laser Pyrolysis Addressing the Preparation of Oxide  Semiconductor Photocatalysts, Int. J. Kawar .S Photoenergy, 11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Michitaka O. and Shusaku M., Nippon Kagakkai Koen Yokoshu, 83(1), 378 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tao J., Ma J., Wang Y., Zhu X., Liu J., Jiang X., Lin B. and Ren Y., J. Amer. Cer. Soc., 89(II), 3554 (2008) @No $ @ @ Siegel et al., United States Patent, No. , 128, 081 @No $ @ @ Peterson et al., United States Patent No. 6, 580, 051 @No $ @ @ Pawar M.J. and Nimbalkar V.B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiO2 Nanoparticles, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(1), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mao Y., Park T.J, Zhang F., Zhou H. and Wong S.S., Small, 3,1122 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yoon K.H. and Kang D.H., Molten salt synthesis of lead-based relaxors, J. Mater. Sci. 33, 2977 (1998) @No $ @ @ Yuanbing Mao, Xia Guo, Jian Huang Y., Kang Wang L, and Jane P. Chang, Luminescent Nanocrystals with  Composition Synthesized by a Kinetically Modified Molten Salt Method, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113,1204 (2009) @No $ @ @ Cushing B.L., Kolesnichenko V.L. and Connor C., J.O. Chem. Rev. 1043893 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jansen M., A Concept for Synthesis Planning in Solid-State Chemistry Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 41 3746 (2002) @No $ @ @ Weng X., Boldrin P., Abrahams I., Skinner S.J, Darr,Direct Syntheses of Mixed Ion and Electronic Conductors LaNi10 and LaNi from Nanosized Coprecipitates, J. A.Chem. Mater.,19,4382 (2007) @No $ @ @ Helan M., John Berchmans L., Synthesis of LiSm0.01Mn1.99O4 by molten salt technique, journal of rare earths, 28, 255 (2010) @No $ @ @ Helan M., J. Berchmans L., Syamala Kumari V.S., RaviSankar R and Shanmugam V. M, Molten salt synthesis of LiGd0·01Mn1·99 using chloridecarbonate melt, Materials Research Innovations 15, 2, 130 (2011) @No $ @ @ Helan M., John Berchmans L., Timy Jose.P, Visuvasam.A, Angappan S.Molten salt synthesis of  iMn using chloride–carbonate melt, Materials  Chemistry and  Physics, 124, 439–442 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ignatius Arockiam S., John Berchmans L., Angappan S., Visuvasam A., Mani V, Synthesis of Lanthanum Nickelate and Praseodymium Substituted Compounds by Molten Salt Technique, Materials Science Forum 69967-78 (2012) @No $ @ @ Silva Z-R, Fernandes J.D.G, Melo D.M.A., Alves C., Jr. Leite E.R., Paskocimas C.A., Longo E., Bernardi M.I.B.Photoluminescence in amorphous YNiO and La0.5Nd0.5NiOsystems, Mater. lett. 56, 232 (2002) @No $ @ @ Fernandes J.D.G., Melo D.M.A., Zinner L.B., Salustiano C.M., Silva Z.R.,   Martinelli A.E., Cerqueira M., Alves Ju´nior C., Longo E., B.Bernardi M.I., Low temperature synthesis of single-phase crystalline LaNiOperovskite via pechni method, Mater. 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<#LINE#>Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Karanja (Pongamia  Pinnata) Oil<#LINE#>S.N.@Bobade,V.B.@Khyade<#LINE#>43-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-106.pdf<#LINE#>Indian Biodiesel Corporation, Baramati, Dist- Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, Shardanagar, Tal- Baramati, Dist – Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>26/4/2012<#LINE#>15/5/2012<#LINE#>Self reliance in energy is vital for overall economic development of our country. The need to search for alternative sources of energy which are renewable, safe and non- polluting assumes top priority in view of the uncertain supplies and frequent price hikes of fossil fuels in the international market. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) which is derived from triglycerides by transesterification, has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic fuel. Several processes of biodiesel fuel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali as a catalyst gives high level of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl ester in a short duration. This process has therefore been widely utilized for biodiesel fuel production in number of countries. In India, there are many trees bearing oil like ratanjot (jatropha curcus), mahua (madhuca indica), pilu (salvodara oleoids), nahor (mesua ferralina), kokam (garcinia indica), rubber seed (hevea brasilensis)and karanja (pongamia pinnata) etc. Among these species, which can yield oil as a source of energy in the form of biodiesel, Pongamia pinnata has been found to be one of the most suitable species due to its various favorable attributes like its hardy nature, high oil recovery and quality of oil, etc.  As the acid value of this oil is high, so that we have to reduce it by the process of esterification followed by transesterification. The methyl ester produced by this way gives the good result. The present study deals with transesterification of karanja oil which gives 907ml  of karanja oil  methyl ester (KOME) and 109ml of glycerol using methanol (13%) and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst (1%). The properties like density, viscosity, flash point, cloud point and pour point have been determined as per ASTM standards for accessing the fuel quality of KOME. <#LINE#> @ @ Bari S., Yu C.V. and Lim H.T., Performance deterioration and durability issues while running a diesel engine with crude palm oil, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs Part- D, J. Automobile Engineering, 216.785-792 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ma F. and Hanna M.A, Biodiesel production: a review, Biosource technology,70, 1-15 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kaufman K.R. and  Ziejewski M, Sunflower methyl esters for direct injected diesel engines, Trans. ASAE.27,1626-1633 (1984) @No $ @ @ Silva F.N.Da, Prata A.S. and Texieria A.R., Techhinical  feasibility  assessment  of oleic  sunflower  methyl  ester   utilization  in diesel  bus engines, Energy  Conversion  and  Management, 44, 2857-2878 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rao G.L.N., Saravanan S., Sampath S. and Rajgopal K , Emission  characteristics  of a direct  injection  diesel  engine  fuelled  with  bio-diesel  and  its  blends: in  proceedings  of  the  international  conf. on Resource  Utilization  and  Intelligent  systems, India. Allied  publishers  private  limited, 353-356 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kalam M.A, and Masjuki H.H., Biodiesel  from  palm oil- an  analysis  of  its  properties  and  potential, Biomass  and  Bioenergy, 23, 471-479 (2002) @No $ @ @ Puhan S., Vedaraman N., Sankaranarayanan G. and Ram B.V.B., Performance and  emission  study  of  mahua  oil (madhuca  indica oil) ethyl  ester  in a 4- stroke  natural  aspirated  direct  injection  diesel  engine, Rnewable  Energy,30, 1269-1278 (2005) @No $ @ @ Azam M.M., Waris A., Nahar N.M., Prospects  and  potential  of  fatty  acid  methyl  ester  of  some  non-traditional  seed  oil  for  use  as  biodiesel  in India, Biomass  and  bioenergy,29, 293-302 (2005) @No $ @ @ Antony Raja S., Robin D.S. and Lindon C., Biodiesel production from jatropha oil and its characterization , RES. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1),(2011) @No $ @ @ Raheman H., and Phadatare A.G, Diesel  engine  emission  and  performance  from  blends  of  karanja  methyl  ester  and  diesel, Biomass  and  Bioenergy, 27, 393-397 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lee S.W., Herage T. and  Young B, Emission  reduction  potential  from  the  combustion  of  soy methyl  ester  fuel  blends  with  petroleum  distillate  fuel, 83, 1607-1613 (2004) @No $ @ @ Labeckas G. and Slavinskas S., The effect  of  rapeseed  oil  methyl  ester  on  direct  injection  diesel  engine  performance  and  exhaust   emission, energy  conversion  and  management, 47, 1954-1967 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S and  Muraleedharan C, Performance  and  emission  evaluation  of  a  diesel  engine  fueled  with  methyl  esters  of  rubber  seed  oil, Rnewable  energy,30, 1789-2000 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan C, Biodiesel  production  from  high  FFA  rubber  seed  oil fuel, 84, 335-340 (2005) @No $ @ @ Srivastava, A. and Prasad R., Triglycerides-based diesel fuel: Renew., Sust. Oil Energy Re., , 111-133 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bradshaw G.B. and Menly W.C., US Patent 2360844 (1944) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pryde E.H., and Mounts T.L.,Variables affecting the yield of Fatty Esters from Transesterified Vegetable Oils, J. Am Oil Chem Soc.,  61(10), 1638 – 43 (1084) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Butterfield R.O. and Pryde E.H., J. Am. Oilchem. Soc, 63, 1375 (1986) @No $ @ @ Haas and Scott, J. Am. Oilchem. Soc.73,  (1999) @No $ @ @ Azam M.M, Waris A., Nahar N.M.,  Prospects and potential of  fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India, Biomass Bioenergy,29, 293–302 (2005) @No $ @ @ De B.K. and Bhattacharyya D.K, Biodiesel from minor vegetable oils like karanja oil and nahor oil. Lipid Fat, 101,404–406 (1999) @No $ @ @ Karmee S.J. and Chadha A., Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia pinnata,  Bioresour. Technology, 96,1425–1429 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hill J., Nelson E., and Tilman D., Environmental, economical energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103, 11206–11210 (2006) @No $ @ @ Raheman H., and Phadatare A.G, Diesel engine emissions and  Performance from blends of karanja methyl ester and diesel, Biomass Bioenergy,27, 393–397 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ma F. and Hanna M.A., Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresource Technol.,70, 1-15 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava J.K., Verma M, Methyl ester of karanja oil as an alternative renewable source of energy,  Fuel, 87, 1673-7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Naik M., Meher L.C., Naik S.N., and Das L.M,, Production of Biodiesel from high free fatty acid karanja (pongamia pinnata) oil, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, 354-357 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kalbande S.R., More G.R. and Nagre R.G., Biodiesel production from non-edible oils of Jtaropha and Karanja for utilization in Electrical generator, Bioenerg. Res, ,170-178 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bryan R.M., Biodiesel production, properties and feedstocks: Invited review, In vitro cell Div. Biol. Plant, 45, 229-226 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sanz S., Nogh G.C., Rozita Y, An overview on Transesterification of natural oils and fats, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 15, 891-904 3@No $ @ @ Gerpen J.V., Biodiesel production and fuel quality University of Idaho, Moscow,1-12 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tapasvi D., Wisenborn D. and Gustafson C., Process model for biodiesel production from various feedstocks, Trans, ASAE,48 (6), 2215-2221 (2005) @No $ @ @ Keim G.I. and N.J. Newark., Treating the fats and fatty oils, US patents No- 2383601 (1945) @No $ @ @ Meher  L.C., Naik S.N. and Das L.M., Methanolysis of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil  for production of biodiesel, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research.63, 913- 917 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil using acid and Base catalysts<#LINE#>Deshpande@D.P.,Y.D.@Urunkar,P.D.@Thakare<#LINE#>51-56<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-107.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Chemical Engineering and Tech. TKIET, Warananagar, Kolhapur, MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>27/4/2012<#LINE#>3/5/2012<#LINE#> Biodiesel defined as the mono alkyl ester of vegetables oils or animal fats is an “alternative” diesel fuel that is becoming accepted in steadily growing numbers of countries around the world. As biodiesel comes from domestically produced renewable resources, it contributes to the domestic energy security. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. In this work, it is planned to produce methyl ester fuels based on non edible oils like castor oil by using different catalysts like NaOH and HSO4.  The effect of various parameters like temp, residence time, catalyst concentration investigated on yield of biodiesel and physical properties like Viscosity, Specific gravity, Acid value. <#LINE#> @ @ The biodiesel hand Book, By Gerhard Knothe, AOCSChampaign, Illinois, , 12-14 (2004) @No $ @ @ Carmen Leonor Barajas Forero, Biodiesel from castor oil: a promising fuel for cold weather, clabarajas bari.ufps.edu.co, (2006) @No $ @ @ Perin G., Alvaro G., Westphal E., Vaina L.H., Jacob R.G., Lenardao E.J. and D’Oca M.G.M., Transesterification of castor oil assisted by microwave  irradiation, Fuel, 87, 2838-2841 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zieba A., Transesterification of castor oil as a method of biodiesel production, nczieba cyf-kr.edu.pl (2007) @No $ @ @ Ogunniyi D.S., Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material(2007) @No $ @ @ Report submitted by National Multi-Commodity Exchange Of India Limited(2009) @No $ @ @ Marta M. Conceicao, Roberlucia A. Candeia, Fernando C. Silva, Aline F. Bezerra, Valter J. Fernandes Jr. Antonio G. Souza, Thermoanalytical characterization of castor oil biodiesel, Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews, 11, 64-975 (2007) @No $ @ @ Volkhard Scholz, Jadir Nogueira da Silva, Prospects and risks of the use of castor oil as fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, 95-100, (2008) @No $ @ @ Lindon Robert Lee  et.al, Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil and its characterization, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 81-87 (2011) @No $ @ @ Linus N. Okoro et.alSynthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blends, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 49-57 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Biological activities of some new Phthalides<#LINE#>NaliniV.@Purohit,Poonam@Yadav<#LINE#>57-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2012-116.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujrat, INDIA @ School of Science and Education, Navrachana University, Vadodara-391410, Gujrat, INDIA <#LINE#>8/5/2012<#LINE#>22/5/2012<#LINE#> A series of novel phthalide derivatives were prepared in one step, in moderate and good yields. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these products were screened against two fungal strains (Thevialopsis paradoxa and Phomopsis mangiferae) and against bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The synthesized compounds were also tested for their analgesic and antioxidant activities. Structure activity relationship (SAR) reflects the effect of substituted phthalides on biological activity. <#LINE#> @ @ Ye Z., Lv G., Wang W., Zhang M. and Cheng J., Rhodium-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction: Aryl Addition/Intramolecular Esterification to Access 3-Aryl and 3-Alkenyl Phthalides, Angew. Chem., 122, 3753-3756 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rayabarapu D., Chang H. and Cheng C., Synthesis of Phthalide Derivatives Using Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclization of o-Haloesters with Aldehydes, Chem. Eur. J., 10, 2991-2996 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bellasio E., German Patent 2422193, 1974; [Chem. Abstr. 1975, 83, 9788] @No $ @ @ Elderfield R.C., Heterocyclic Compounds, 2, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York (1951) @No $ @ @ Choi H., Kim M. and Sawamura M., Constituents of the essential oil of cnidium officinale Makino, a Korean medicinal plant, Flavour Fragr. J., 17, 49 –53 (2002) @No $ @ @ Devon T.K. and Scott A.I., Handbook of Naturally Occurring Compounds, 1, 249, Academic Press, New York (1975) @No $ @ @ Fei Z., McDonald F.E., Stereo- and Regioselective Glycosylations to the Bis-C-arylglycoside of Kidamycin, Org. Lett.,  , 3547–3550 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yang X., Rotter T., Piazza C. and Knochel P., Successive IodineMagnesium or Copper Exchange Reactions for the Selective Functionalization of Polyhalogenated Aromatics, Org. Lett. , 1229-1231 (2003) @No $ @ @ Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chem. 5th Ed., 1016, E.L.B.S. (1996) @No $ @ @ Yadav P. and Purohit N.V., Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of some novel 3,4- disubstituted Isocoumarins, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 73, 171-178 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yadav P. and Purohit N.V., Synthesis and Microbial studies of some new Oxygen Heterocycles, Der Pharmacia Lettre, , 565-570 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yadav P. and Purohit N.V., Synthesis and antibacterial action of some new isocoumarin derivatives, Der Pharma Chemica, , 189 -199 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yadav P. and Purohit N.V., Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new Isocoumarins, Phthalides and Phenyl glyoxals, Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 18, 169-172 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhatt M.V. and Kamath K.M., Aspects of tautomerism, Part I. Environmental and substituent effects on the tautomerism of o-benzoyl benzoic acids, Journal of the Chemical Society, B., 1036-1044 (1968) @No $ @ @ Indu M.N.,  Hatha A.A.M.,  Abirosh C.,  Harsha U. and Vivekanandan G., Antimicrobial activity of some of the south-Indian spices against serotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,  37, 153–158 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nene Y.L. and Thapliyal P.L., Fungicide in Plant Disease Control, Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. New Delhi, 507 (1979) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 50 (1993) @No $ @ @ Padmaja A., Payani T., Dinneswara Reddy G. and Padmavathi V., Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of substituted pyrazoles, isoxazoles, pyrimidine and thioxopyrimidine derivatives, Eur. J. Med.  Chem., 44, 4557 – 4566 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Study on Electrochemical Immunoassay methodology for Protein A: A modified approach towards detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in food samples<#LINE#>Tania@Majumdar,Shubhra@Agarwal,Runu@Chakraborty,Utpal@Raychaudhuri,@<#LINE#>62-68<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2012-128.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, INDIA <#LINE#>25/5/2012<#LINE#>29/5/2012<#LINE#>In the present work, an amperometric electrochemical detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) present in food samples have been done. The method was based on sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique where the enzyme label was used to catalyze the dephosphorylation of substrate NADP to NAD. NAD so formed then catalytically activates an NAD-specific redox cycle by incorporating an enzyme amplification step with ethanol, diaphorase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The NADH so formed further reduces the mediator, ferricyanide which induces a redox cycle at Platinum (Pt) electrode. The response obtained had a linear relationship to the increasing concentration of the protein antigen of S.aureus NCIM 2602 in pure culture as well as in artificially contaminated food samples. The study was also extended for naturally contaminated milk samples and S.aureus contamination for this case gave similar result as of the known strain. The detection limit was found to be 10 CFU/ml of S.aureus.<#LINE#> @ @ Lazcka O., Del Campo F.J. and Muñoz F.X., Pathogen detection: a perspective of traditional methods and biosensors, Biosens. Bioelectron., 22, 1205–1217 (2007) @No $ @ @ Goldschmidt M.C., The use of biosensor and microarray techniques in the rapid detection and identification of Salmonellae, J. AOAC Int., 89, 530–537 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ivnitski D., Abdel-Hamid I., Atanasov P., Wilkins E. and Stricker S., Application of Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Food Pathogenic Bacteria,  Electroanal.,  12 (5), 317- 325 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rohilla S.K. and  Salar R.K., Isolation and Characterization of Various Fungal Strains from Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Pesticides, Res J  Rec Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 297-303 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ayejuyo O.O., Olowu R. A., Agbaje T.O., Atamenwan M. and Osundiya M.O.,Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) of Aflatoxin B1 in Groundnut and Cereal Grains in Lagos, Nigeria, Res J Chem Sci., 1(8), 1-5(2011) @No $ @ @ Le Loir Y., Baron F., and Gautier M., Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning, Genet.Mol.Res., 2, 63–76 (2003) @No $ @ @ Guntupalli R., Lakshmanan R.S., Johnson M.L., Hu J., Huang T., Barbaree J.M., Vodyanoy V.J. and Chin B.A., Magnetoelastic biosensor for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium in food products, Sens. and Instrumen. Food Qual., 1, 3–10 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shama S., Iffat N., Mohammad I.A. and Safia A., Monitoring of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water Samples of District Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi-Pakistan,  Res J Chem Sci., 1(8), 24-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ Brooks J.L., Mirhabibollahi B. and Kroll R.G., Sensitive Enzyme-Amplified Electrical Immunoassay for Protein A - Bearing Staphylococcus aureus in Foods, Appl Environ. Microbiol., 56 (11), 3278-3284 (1990) @No $ @ @ Morris B.A., Principles of immunoassay. In Immunoassay in Food Analysis ed. Morris  B.A. and Clifford M.N., London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 21-51 (1985) @No $ @ @ Clayden J.A., Alcock S.J. and Stringer M.J., Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of salmonella in foods. In Immunological Techniques in Microbiology ed.  Grange JM, Fox  A. and Morgan N.L., Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical series no. 24,217-229 Oxford: Blackwell (1987) @No $ @ @ Beckers M.J., Tips P.P. and Soentoro P.S.S., Delfgouvan Asch E.H.M. and Peters R., The efficiency of enzyme immunoassays for the detection of salmonellas, Food Microbiol., 5, 147-156 (1988) @No $ @ @ Janata J., An immunoelectrode, Journal of the American Chemical Society,97, 2914-2916 (1975) @No $ @ @ Boitieux J.L., Desmet G. and Thomas D., An antibody electrode, preliminary report on a new approach in enzyme immunoassay, Clin. Chem., 25 (2), 318-321 (1979) @No $ @ @ Boitieux J.L., Thomas D. and Desmet G., Oxygen electrode based enzyme immunoassay for the amperometric determination of hepatitis B surface antigen, Anal. Chim.acta., 163, 309-313 (1984) @No $ @ @ Yamamoto N., Nagasawa Y., Suto S., Tsubomura H., Sawai M. and Okimura H., Antigen-antibody reaction investigated with use of a chemically modified electrode, Clin Chem., 26, 1569-1572 (1980) @No $ @ @ Itagaki H., Hakoda Y., Suzuki Y. and Haga M., Drug sensor: an enzyme immunoelectrode for theophylline, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 31, 1283-1288 (1983) @No $ @ @ Robinson G.A., Hill H.A.E., Philo R.D., Gear J.M., Rattle S.J. and Forrest G.C.,    Bioelectrochemical enzyme immunoassay of human choriogonadotrophin with magnetic electrodes, Clin. Chem., 31, 1449-1452 (1985) @No $ @ @ Aizawa M., Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay using oxygen-sensing electrode. In Electrochemical sensors in Immunological Analysis ed. NgoTT, New York, Plenum Press, 269-278 (1987) @No $ @ @ Stanley C.J., Cox R.B., Cardosi M.F. and Turner A.P.F., Amperometric enzyme-amplified immunoassays, J.  immunol. Mets., 112, 153-161 (1988) @No $ @ @ Zacco E., Pividori M.I., Llopis X., del Valle M. and Alegret S., Renewable Protein A  modified graphite – epoxy composite for electrochemical immunosensing, J. Immunol. Mets., 286, 35-46  (2004) @No $ @ @ Forsgren A., Significance of Protein A production by staphylococci, Infect Immun., 2, 672-673 (1970) @No $ @ @ Subramanian A., Irudayaraj J., and Ryan T., Mono and dithiol surfaces on surface plasmon resonance for detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Sens. Actuators B. Chem, 114,192 – 198 (2006) @No $ @ @ Costas M., Cookson B.D., Talsania H.G. and Hill L.R., Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Methicilin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, J. Clin. Microbiol., 27, 2574-2581 (1989) @No $ @ @ Manchester L., Pot B., Kersters K. and Goodfellow M., Classification of Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium Species by Numerical Analysis of Electrophoretic protein patterns, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 13, 333-337 (1990) @No $ @ @ Vauterin L., Vantomme R., Pot B., Hoste B., Swings J. and Kersters K., Taxonomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae and X. campestris pv. pelargonii by means ofphytopathological, phenotypic, protein electrophoretic and DNAhybridization methods,SystAppl Microbiol., 13,166-176 (1990) @No $ @ @ Cheung A.L. and Fischetti V.A., Variation in the Expression of Cell Wall Proteins of Staphylococcus aureusGrown on Solid and Liquid Media, Infect Immun., 56,1061-1065 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Passonneau J.V., Schulz D.W. and Rock M.K., The measurement of pyridine nucleotides by enzymatic cycling, J. Biol Chem., 236, 2746-2755 (1961) @No $ @ @ Laemmli U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London)., 227, 680-685 (1970) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>“Green” Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles and effect of capping agent concentration on crystallite size<#LINE#>P.@Bansal,N.@Jaggi,S.K.@Rohilla<#LINE#>69-71<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2012-093.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, NIT, Kurukshetra–136119, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa–125055, INDIA<#LINE#>15/4/2012<#LINE#>19/4/2012<#LINE#> In recent years, the synthesis of CdS nanoparticle has attained great attention due to its unique size dependent optical, catalytical and electrical properties. CdS nanoparticles are II-VI group semiconductor in nature with a wide band gap. Simple, non toxic and environmental friendly method of its production has been described here using glucose as passivator. Characterization has been done by using (XRD) X-Ray Diffraction and UV Visible Spectroscopy.  <#LINE#> @ @ Qinglian W., Shi-Zhao K. and Jin M., “Green” synthesis of starch capped CdS nanoparticles, Physicochem, Eng. Aspects, 247, 125–127 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bompilwar S.D., Kondawar S.B. and Tabhane V.A., Impedance study of nanostructure cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide, Archives ofApplied Science Research 2, 225-230 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S., Chalcogenide thin films having nanometer grain size for photovoltaic applications, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gupta M. and Sharma V., Targeted drug delivery system: A Review, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 135-138 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bangal M., Ashtaputre S., Marathe S., Ethiraj A., Hebalkar N., Gosavi S. W., Urban J. and Kulkarni S. K., Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Hyperfine Interactions, 160, 81-90 (2005) @No $ @ @ Maleki M., Ghamsari M.S., Mirdamadi S., Ghasemzadeh R., Semiconductor Physics, Quantum electronics and Optoelectronics,10, 30-32 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ravindran T.R., Arora A.K., Balamurugan B. and Mehta B.R., Inhomogeneous broadening in the photoluminescence spectrum of CdS  nanoparticles,  Nanostructured Materials, 11 ,603-609 (1999) @No $ @ @ Pattabi M. and Uchil J., Synthesis of Cadmium Sulphide nanoparticles, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 63, 309-314 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pandey Bhawana and Fulekar M.H., Nanotechnology: Remediation Technologies to clean up the Environmental pollutants, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 2(2 90-96 (2012) @No $ @ @ Cullity B., Handbook of Elements of X-ray Diffraction (2ndEdn.), Addison-Wesley Reading, MA (1978) @No $ @ @ Pawar M.J. and Nimbalkar V.B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiONanoparticles, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1) , 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sze S.M., Physics of Semiconductor Devices (2nd Edn.), Wiley, Delhi (1981) @No $ @ @ Wang W., Liu Z., Zheng C., Xu C., Liu Y. and Wang G., Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by a novel and simple one-step, solid-state reaction in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, Materials Letters, 57, 2755-2760 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nair P.S., Revaprasadu N., Radhakrishnana T. and Kolawolea G.A., Preparation of CdS nanoparticles using the cadmium(II) complex of  bis(thiocarbamoyl) hydrazine as a simple single-source precursor, J. Mater. Chem.,  11, 1555-1156 (2001) @No $ @ @ Henglein A., Small-particle research: physicochemical properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor particles, Chem. Rev., 89, 1861-1873 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ludolph B., Malik M.A., Brien P.O. and  Revaprasadu N., Novel single precursor routes for the direct synthesis of highly monodispersed quantum dots of cadmium or zinc sulfide or selenide, Chem. Commun., 17, 1849-1850, (1998) @No 
<#LINE#>Growth and Characterization of PbSe Thin Films Prepared By Chemical Bath Deposition Technique<#LINE#>D.N.@Okoli<#LINE#>72-75<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2012-101.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>21/4/2012<#LINE#>26/4/2012<#LINE#>PbSe thin films were deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique from the aqueous solutions of lead acetate, selenium sulphate, ammonia, in which ethylene di-amine tetra acetate (EDTA) was employed as complexing agent. The grown films were optically characterized using M501 Single Beam Scanning UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The result shows that the film has high absorbance in almost regions of electromagnetic spectra with low transmittance and reflectance values in these regions. The calculated value of the film thickness was found to be 1.11285-1.19536m. This film thickness was also found to depend on the dip time and concentration of EDTA used. The PbSe thin film was found to have band gap energy of 1.0eV, and with high absorption coefficient obtained. <#LINE#> @ @ Grozdanov I., Najdoski M.  and Dey S.K., A simple solution growth technique for PbSe thin films, Mater. Lett., 38, 28-32 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vaidyanathan R., Stickney J.L. and Happek U., Quantum confinement in PbSe thin films electrodeposited by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE), Electrochim, Acta, 49, 1321-1326 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zhu J.J., Liao X.H., Wang J. and Chen H.Y., Photochemical synthesis and characterization of PbSe nanoparticles, Mater.Res. Bull., 36, 1169-1176 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gautier C., Breton G., Nouaoura M., Cambon M., Charar S. and Averous M., Sulfide films on PbSe thin layer grown by MBE, Thin solid films 315, 118-122 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rumianowski R.T., Dygdala R.S., Jung W. and Bala W., Growth of PbSe thin films on Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition method, J.Cryt. Growth, 252, 230-235 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chen W.S., Stewart J.M. and Mickelsen R.A., App. Phys.  Lett, 46, 1095-1097 (1985) @No $ @ @ Okimura  H., Matsumae T. and Makabe  R.,  Thin Solid Films, 71, 53-59 (1980) @No $ @ @ Loferski J.J.,  Phys., 27, 777 (1956) @No $ @ @ Elsayed M., The optical constants of highly absorbing films using the spectral reflectance measured by double beam spectrophometer, Journal of natural sciences research, 1(4), 9-15 (2011) @No $ @ @ Anuar K., Tee T.W., Dzulkefly K.A., Md J.H., Ho S.M., Shanthi M. and Saravanan  N., Preparation and characterization of PbSe thin films by chemical bath deposition, Journal  KIMIA,4(1), 1-6 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ishiwu S.  and Nnabuchi M.N.,  The optical and solid state properties of lead selenide (PbSe) thin films grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, Journal of Ovonic Research 6, 81-86 (2010) @No $ @ @ George M., Jolocam M., and Song H.C., Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using  High Electrical Charge Density and High Viscoity organic polymer, Res .J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 18-21 (2011) @No $ @ @ Maqbul A.B., Babasaheb D.I., Rangrao V.S., Tanaji V.C. and Elahipasha U.M., Growth and characterization of Chemical bath deposited polycrystalline n-PbSe thin films, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5),  48-51 (2011) @No $ @ @ Okereke N.A and Ekpunobi A.J., XRD and UV-Vis-IR studies of Chemically Synthesized Copper Selenide thin films, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(6), 64-70 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao M.C. and Hussain O.M., Optical Properties of Vacuum Evaporated WO3 Thin Films, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1 (7), 76-80 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao M.C. and Hussain O.M., Growth and Characterization of Vacuum Evaporated WOThin Films for Electrochromic Devices Application, Res. J. Chem.  Sci., 1(7), 92-95 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S., Chalcogenide Thin Films Having Nanometer Grain Size for Photovoltaic Applications, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Barote M.A., Yadav A.A., Surywanshi R.V., Deshmukh L.P. and Masumdar E.U., Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films : Optical and Electrical transport Properties, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(1), 15-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa I.A. Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Zinc Oxide thin films, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(3), 26-30 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ezenwa I.A., Optical Analysis of Chemical bath fabricated CuO thin films, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(10),  46-50 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>A Study on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Panchaganga River in Kolhapur City, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>A.R.@Thorvat,N.P.@Sonaje,M.M.@Mujumdar,V.A.@Swami,@<#LINE#>76-79<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-117.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering; KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, 416234, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>8/5/2012<#LINE#>17/5/2012<#LINE#>In the present work river water samples are collected from four different stations of Panchaganga river in Kolhapur city and water quality assessment is carried out from october 2009 to March 2010 on weekly basis in order to assess the environmental impact of disposal of domestic, industrial, household and agricultural waste into the river. Then water quality index (WQI) study is carried out to assess the environmental impact on the water quality of the Panchaganga river and to arrive at the level of pollution. From the study it is observed that station-1 is moderately polluted and need to be treated before its use, whereas station-2, station-3 and station-4 are found to be excessively polluted and are totally unfit for drinking purpose. This is mainly due to regular addition of domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, industrial wastes and other wastes that are let into the river through drains, nallahs in each station and it may lead to excessive pollution. <#LINE#> @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture Use in Parts of Vaijapur District Aurangabad, MS, India, Res.J.Chem.Sci.2(1), 25-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Malik G.M., Joshi M.P., Zadafiya S.K. and Raval V.H., Study on Physico Chemical Characterization of Some Lotic System of South Gujarat, India, Res.J.Chem.Sci.2(1), 83-85 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan M.M., Admassu M. and Sharma H.R., Suitability Assessment of Water Quality of River Shinta and its Impacts on the Users: A Case Study from Gondar Town of Ethiopia, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, IJEP, 29(2), 137-144(2009) @No $ @ @ Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), Environmental Status Report for Kolhapur City (2005-06) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh S.K., A theme paper on, Strategy for Techno-Economic Feasible Treatment (2001) @No $ @ @ Kolhapur District Gazetteer: E-Book Edition (CD version) of the, by the Gazetteers Department (2006) @No $ @ @ Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC), A Report on City Development Plan for Kolhapur City (2008) @No $ @ @ Mulani Smita Kabir, Mule M.B. and Patil S.U., Studies on Water Quality and Zooplankton Community of the Panchganga River in Kolhapur City, Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(3), 455-459 (2009) @No $ @ @ Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), A Panchaganga Basin Pollution study (2009) @No $ @ @ Dhote Sangeeta and Dixit Savita, Hydro Chemical Changes in Two Eutrophic Lakes of Central India after Immersion of Durga and Ganesh Idol, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(1), 38-45 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC), Environmental Status Report for Kolhapur City (2008-09)12.Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), Environmental Status Report for Kolhapur City (2005-06)  @No $ @ @ Deshmukh S.K., A Report on, Municipal Waste Water Management and River Pollution: Strategy for TechnoEconomic Feasible Treatment (2001) @No $ @ @ Iwuoha G.N. and Osuji L.C., Changes in Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters Following the Dredging of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, Imo State of Nigeria, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shama Sehar, Iffat Naz, Mohammad Ishtiaq Ali and Safia Ahmed, Monitoring of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water Samples of District Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi-Pakistan, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(8), 24-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ Achuthan Nair G., Premkumar K., Muftah A., Al-Mariami and Jalal Ahmed Bohjuari, Assessment of the Well Water Quality of Benghazi, Libya, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, IJEP, 25(6), 481-489 (2005) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Ionic Liquids (A Review): The Green Solvents for Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Industries<#LINE#>A.@DharaskarSwapnil<#LINE#>80-85<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-110.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>2/5/2012<#LINE#>16/5/2012<#LINE#>Ionic liquids can be considered as green solvents due to their very low vapor pressure and wide range of applications with unique physical and chemical properties. The potential of ionic liquids have been recognized worldwide. Scientists and engineers have been working in the advancement of preparation and applications of ionic liquid so that it can provide a range of options to industrialists looking to minimize the environmental impact of their chemical processes and processing cost. In petroleum and hydrocarbon industries, various solvents have been used such as ethers, amines, alcohols and other volatile organic compounds for the options like extraction, absorption, azeotropic distillation etc. These solvents have their own limitations as environmental issue, recycle ability etc. These limitations can be overcome by the use of ionic liquids. To minimize the negative health and environmental effects from automobile exhaust, many countries recently have mandated a drastic reduction in the sulfur content in transportation fuel. In petroleum industry, low-sulfur fuels are often obtained from hydrocracking processes or hydrotreating processes. Although hydrotreating processes have been highly effective for the reduction of sulfur levels, further improvement of the hydrodesulfurization efficiency is limited to increasing severe operational conditions at escalated cost with high energy and hydrogen consumption and other undesired side reactions. In present paper, the attempts are made to write a critical review on various aspects of ionic liquids with the aim of their applications in petroleum and hydrocarbon industries and the various factors affecting their activity in removal of sulfur from transportation fuels.<#LINE#> @ @ Wasserschied P., Roy van H. and Bosmann A., 1--Butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]) octylsulfate—an even greener’ ionic liquid Green Chemistry,4, 400-404 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nakashima K., Kubota F., Maruyama T. and Goto M., Feasibility of Ionic Liquids as Alternative Separation Media for Industrial Solvent Extraction Processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,44, 4368-4372 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kwak C. Lee J.J., Bae J.S., Choi K. and Moons S.H.,Hydrodesulfurization of DBT, 4-MDBT, and 4,6-DMDBT on fluorinated CoMoS/Al catalysts, Appl. Catal. A, 200, 233 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rogers R.D. and Seddon K.R., Science, Ionic liquid solvent for the future, 302(5646), 792-793 (2003) @No $ @ @ Knudsen K.G., Cooper B.H. and Topsoe H, Catalyst and process technology for ultra low sulfur diesel, Appl.Catal. A: General, 189, 205 (1999) @No $ @ @ Seddon K.R., The International George Papatheodorou Symposium: Proceedings S.Boghosian et al., Eds. (Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Patras, Greece, 131-135 (1999) @No $ @ @ Marszall M.P., Mrkuszewski M.J. and Kaliszan R., J. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,41, 329-332 (2006) @No $ @ @ Welton T., Chem. Rev.,  99, 2071-2083 (1999) @No $ @ @ Liu J.F., Jonsson J.A. and Jiang G.G., Comparison of Extraction Capacities between Ionic Liquids and Dichloromethane, Trends in Analytical Chemistry,24, 20-27 (2005) @No $ @ @ Karodia N., Guise S., Newlands C., and Andersen J.A., Novel Bronsted Acidic Ionic Liquids and Their Use as Dual Solvent-Catalysts. Chemical Communication, (1998) @No $ @ @ Jiqin Z., Jian C., Chengyue L. and Weiyang F., Study on the separation of 1-hexene and trans-3-hexene using ionic liquids, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 247, 102-106 (2006) @No $ @ @ CHU Xuemei, HU Yufeng, LI Jiguang, LIANG Qianqing, LIU Yansheng, ZHANG Xianming, PENG Xiaoming,   and YUE Wenjia, Desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with [BF- based ionic liquids,Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16(6), 881-884 (2008) @No $ @ @ Parkinson G., Diesel Desulfurization Puts Reners in a Quandary, Chem. Eng., 37 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chongpin Huang, Biaohua Chen, Jie Zhang, Zhichang Liu and Yingxia Li, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with new ionic liquids, J. Energy and Fuels,18, 1862-1864 (2004) @No $ @ @ Salem A.S.H. and Hamid H.S., Removal of sulfur compounds from naphtha solutions using solid adsorbents,Chem. Eng. Technol, 20, 342 (1997) @No $ @ @ Takahashi A., Yang F.H. and Yang R.T., Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with -alkyl-pyridinium-based ionic liquids,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 41, 2487-2496 (2002) @No $ @ @ Silvu S.M., Suarcz P.A.Z., de Souza R.F. and Doupont, Selective Sulfur Removal from Fuels Using Ionic Liquids  at Room Temperature, J. polymer Bulletin.,40, 401-405 (1998) @No $ @ @ Carmichael A.J., Haddlettn D.M., Bon S.A.F. and Seddon K.R., Selective Sulfur Removal from Fuels Using Ionic Liquids  at Room Temperature, Chem. Commun, 1237-1238 (1998) @No $ @ @ Carlin R.T. and Wilkes J.S., Effect of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Replacements for Volatile Organic Solvents in Free-Radical Polymerization, J. of Mole. Catalysis, 63, 125-129 (1990) @No $ @ @ Goledzinowski M., Birss V.I. and Galuszka, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 1795-1797 (1993) @No $ @ @ Johanna Karkkainen, Preparation and Characterization of Some Ionic Liquids and their use in the Dimerization Reaction of 2-Methylpropene, Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A. Scientise Rerum Naturalium, 480 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cecilia Devi Wilfred, Chong Fai Kiat, Zakaria Man, Azmi Bustam M., Ibrahim M., Mutalib M. and Chan Zhe Phak,  Extraction of dibenzothiophene from dodecane using ionic liquids, Fuel processing Technology, 93, 85-89 (2012) @No $ @ @ LI Da-peng, Hu Xiao-ling, ZHAO Ya-mei, GUAN Ping, and YU Jing-yang, Study of green solvents 1-butyl-3methy-imidazoilum ionic liquids structures and properties, IEEE, 978-1-4244-4713-8, (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta Y.K, Agarwal S.C, Madnawat S.P. and Ram Narain, Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Bases, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(4), 68-71 (2012) @No