@Research Paper
<#LINE#>ADS, ALS, AHDS and ADDBS Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in acidic Solution<#LINE#>Harish@Kumar,Sunita<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2012-030.pdf<#LINE#>Material Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Singhania University, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>21/2/2012<#LINE#>24/3/2012<#LINE#>The role of some surfactants towards corrosion control of carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl has been investigated using weight loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. Surfactants investigated are Ammonium decyl sulphate (ADS), ammonium laruryl sulphate (ALS), ammonium hexadecyl sulphate (AHDS) and ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (ADDBS).  Results showed that the inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to increase with surfactant concentration and decreased with increasing temperature which is due to the fact, that the rate of corrosion of carbon steel is higher than the rate of adsorption of surfactant molecules. The inhibiting action of surfactants are considerably enhanced by the addition of KI, due to the increase of the surface coverage and therefore indicate the joint adsorption of surfactants and iodide ions. Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption and activation processes were also determined. Galvanostatic polarization data indicated that surfcatants act as mixed-type inhibitors.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mazhar A.A., Badaway W.A. and Abou-Romia M.M., Impedance studies of corrosion resistance of aluminium in chloride media, Surf. Coat. Techol., 29, 335-345 (1986) @No $ @ @ Stern M. and Geary A.I.J., Efficiency of xylenol orange as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in acidic medium, J. Electrochem. Soc., 104, 56 (1957) @No $ @ @ Maayta A.K. and Al-Rawashdeh N.A.F., Inhibition of acidic Corrosion of Pure Aluminum by Some Organic Compounds, Corros Sci., 46, 1129-1140 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ebenso E.E., Okafor P.C. and Ekpe U.J., Anionic Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution, Anti-Corros. Methods and Materials, 37,381 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bereket G., Pinarbasi A. and Ogretir C., Benzimidazole-2-tione and benzoxazole-2-tione derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in hydrochloric acid, Anti-Corros. Methods and Materials, 51, 282-293 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fouda A.S., Moussa M.N., Taha F.I. and Elneanaa A.I., The role of some thiosemicarbazide derivatives in the corrosion inhibition of aluminum in hydrochloric-acid,Corros. Sci., 26, 719-726 (1986) @No $ @ @ Zhao T. and Mu G., Influence of some surfactants in the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in hydrochloric acid, Corros. Sci.,41, 1937-1944 (1999) @No $ @ @ Al-Andis N., Khamis E., Al-Mayouf A. and Aboul-Enein H., The kinetics of steel dissolution in the presence of some thiouracil derivatives, Corros. Prev. Cont., 42, 13 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kazaraji A., Keertit S., Aride J., Bougrin K. and Soufiaoui M., Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel by some organic substance, Bull. Electrochem., 16(3), 97 (2000) @No $ @ @ Oguzie E.E., Corrosion Inhibition of aluminium in acidic and alkaline media on Sanseviera trifasciata extract, Corros. Sci., 49, 1527-1539 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kliskic M., Radosevic J., Gudic S. and Katalinik V., Aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as inhibitor of Al-Mg alloy corrosion in chloride solution, J. Appl. Electrochem., 30, 823 (2000) @No $ @ @ Yurt A., Ulutas S. and Dal H., Electrochemical and theoretical investigation on the corrosion of aluminium in acidic solution containing some Schiff bases, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 919-925 (2006) @No $ @ @ Res.J.Chem.SciInternational Science Congress Association 613.Abd S.A., Maksoud E.L. and Fouda A.S., Some pyridine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic medium, Mater. Chem. Phys., 93, 84-90 (2005) @No $ @ @ Abiiola O.K. and Oforka N.C., Studies on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion by 1-phenyl-3- methylpyrazol-5-one in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, Corros. Sci. & Eng., 3, 21 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ebenso E.E., Inhibition of aluminium (AA3105),corrosion in HCl by acetamide and thiourea,Nig. Corros. J., 1(1), 29-44 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kumar H. and Sunita, CTMAC, CTMAB and CPC surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solution, Intern. J. of App. Engg. Research, 6(18), 3212-3216 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar H. and Sunita, Anionic surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solution, J. Chem. & Cheml. Sci., 1(1), 41-49 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Oxidation of Tranexamic Acid by Bromamine - T in HCl Medium Catalyzed by RuCl3: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach<#LINE#>Diwya,Pushpa@Iyengar,R.@Ramachandrappa<#LINE#>7-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2012-070.pdf<#LINE#>Acharya institute of Technology, Soldevanahalli, Hesarghatta Road, Bangalore-560090, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Jyoti Nivas College, Koramangala Industrial Layout, Bangalore - 560095, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>20/3/2012<#LINE#>24/3/2012<#LINE#>Kinetics and oxidation of tranexamic acid (TX) [trans -4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid] by sodium -N- bromo -p- toluenesulphonamide (bromamine – T or BAT) in hydrochloric acid medium using RuCl3 as catalyst at 303K have been studied. The rate was first order in [BAT]o, fractional order in [TX], first order in RuCl3, fractional order in [H+] and [PTS].Addition of NaCl and NaBr did not affect the rate of the reaction which indicates that the rate of the reaction depends only on[H+]. Variation of ionic strength did not affect the rate of the reaction indicating that non – ionic species are involved in the rate limiting step. Dielectric effect is positive. Rate increased with increase in temperature from 293K to 323K. From the linear Arrhenius plot, activation parameters were computed. Addition of reaction mixture to aqueous acryl amide solution did not initiate polymerization, showing the absence of free radical species. Oxidation products were identified. Protonated oxidant H2O +Br is the reactive species which reacts with the substrate. Based on kinetic results, reaction stoichiometry and oxidation products, a suitable mechanism have been proposed. <#LINE#> @ @ Usha Joseph, Ramachandrappa R. and Pushpa Iyengar., Kinetics of Oxidation of Pioglitazone by Chloramine – T in HCl medium- A mechanistic Approach, International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Life Sciences., 2(2), 85(2012) @No $ @ @ Puttaswamy, Ramachandrappa R and Made Gowda N. M., Kinetics and Mechanism of Rurhenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of Secondary Alcohols by Bromamine – T in Hydrochloric acid solutions, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry.,32(7),1263(2002) @No $ @ @ Puttaswamy and Shubha J.P., Kinetics and mechanism of sodium N -halo--toluenesulfonamides oxidation of diclofenac in alkaline medium, AIChE Journal.,55, 3234 (2009) @No $ @ @ Diwya, Ramachandrappa R. and Pushpa Iyengar., Kinetics and Mechanism of oxidation of Miglitol by Bromamine –T (BAT) in HCl medium using RuCl as catalyst, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 4(3), 1676(2012) @No $ @ @ Ramachandrappa R, Diwya, PushpaIyengar., Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the oxidation of Voglibose by Bromamine – T in HCl medium,  RJPBCS.,3(1), 837(2012) @No $ @ @ Nair C.G, Lalithakumari R and Senan  P.I.,Bromamine-T as a new oxidimetric titrant, Talanta., 25, 525 (1978) @No $ @ @ Puttaswamy and Jagadeesh R.V., Mechanistic Studies of Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides by Sodium -Chloro-toluenesulfonamide in an Alkaline Medium:A Kinetic Approach, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45(5), 1563(2006) @No $ @ @ Rangaraju P. R., Venkatesha T.V. and Ramachandrappa  R., Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the Oxidation of Tinidazole by Bromamine – T in HCl medium, RJPBCS., 2(4), 947 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sonawane Vilas Y, Mechanistic study of chromium (VI) catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol by polymer supported chromic acid, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 25-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ Reynolds J.E.F. and Prasad., The Pharmaceutical Press, 31st edn, London. (1996) @No $ @ @ Gennaro A. R., In: Remington; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20 th edn, Philadelphia (2000) @No $ @ @ Puttaswamy, Anu Sukhdev and Shubha J.P., Palladium(II) –catalyzed oxidation of tranexamic acid by bromamine – B in alkaline medium and uncatalyzed reaction in acidmedium: A study of kinetic and mechanistic chemistry, Journal of molecular catalysis., 332(1-2), 113-121 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rangappa K.S, Mahadevappa D. S. and Gowda.B.T., Some Analytical Applications of aromatic Sulphonylhaloamines: Estimation of Indigocarmine by Chloramine – B, Bromamine – T and Dibromamine – T, Microchem.J.,26, 375-386 (1981) @No $ @ @ Akerloff G., Dielectric Constants of some Organic Solvent- Water mixtures at various temperatures,  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,54, 4125 (1932) @No $ @ @ Ramachandrappa R, Puttaswamy, Mayanna S.M. and  N. M.,  Made Gowda., Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aspirin by Bromamine – T, N- Bromosuccinimide and N- Bromophthalimide, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.,30, 6 (1998) @No $ @ @ Feigl  F., Spot tests in organic analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 156 (1966) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry,thEdition, London (1989) @No $ @ @ Amis E.M., Solvent effects on reaction rates and mechanism.,Academic Press, NY (1966) @No $ @ @ E.A. Moelwyn- Hughes., Kinetics of Reaction in Solutions: Calender Press: Oxford; Physical Chemistry, 2nd EditionOxford University Press, London (1947) @No $ @ @ Pyrde B.G. and  Soper F.G., The interaction of anilides and hypochlorous acid, J. chem. Soc., 1582 (1926) ; ibid  1510 (1931) @No $ @ @ Morris J.C., Salazar J.A. and Wineman M.A., Equilibrium studies on Chloro Compounds : The Ionization Constant of N- Chloro – p- toluenesulphonamide, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 70, 2036 (1948) @No $ @ @ Bishop E. and  Jinnings V.J., Titrimetric Analysis with Chloramine – T : The status of Chloramine – T as a Titrimetric Reagent, Talanta., , 197 (1958) @No $ @ @ Backhouse J. R., Dwyer F.D. and Shales N., Chemistry of Ru(IV) Potential of the Quadrivalent/ Trivalent Ru Couple in HCl, Proc. Roy.Soc., 83, 146 (1950) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A. and Wilkinson G., Basic Inorganic Chemistry, rd Edition., John Wiley and Sons, 83, 146 (1995) @No $ @ @ Davfokratova T., Analytical Chemistry of Ruthenium, Academy of sciences: USSR, 54 (1963) @No $ @ @ Griffith W.P., The Chemistry of Rare Platinum Metals., Inter Science, New York 141 (1967) @No $ @ @ Puttaswamy and Ramachandrappa R., Ruthenium (III) –catalyzed oxidation of amides by sodium N - bromobenzenesulphonamide in hydrochloric acid : a kinetic and mechanistic study,  Transition Met. Chem24, 52 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vinod Kumar C.H, Shivananda K.N., Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh and Naga Raju C., Ruthenium complex catalyzed oxidative conversion of aliphatic amines to carboxylic acids using bromamine-T: Kinetic and mechanistic study, J.Mol.Cat. A., 311, 23 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hardy F.F.  and  Johnston J.P., The Interaction of N- Bromo – N- Sodiobenzenesulphonamide(Bromamine – B) with p- Nitrophenoxide Ion, J. chem. Soc., Perkin tran II, 742 (1973) @No $ @ @ Reichardt C.,  Solvent and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemisty,rd edn (2003) @No
<#LINE#>Detail study on the Properties of Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) for the Production of Biofuel<#LINE#>S.N.@Bobade,V.B.@Khyade<#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2012-075.pdf<#LINE#>Indian Biodiesel Corporation, Baramati, above Sh. Malojiraje Co-op. Bank, Tal- Baramati, Dist- Pune, MS, INDIA Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, @ Shardanagar, Tel. Baramati, Dist – Pune, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>22/3/2012<#LINE#>5/4/2012<#LINE#> An ever increasing demand of fuels has been a challenge for today’s scientific workers. The fossil fuel resources are dwindling day by day. Biodiesel seem to be a solution for future. It is an environmental viable fuel. Several researchers have made systematic efforts to use plant oil and their esters (biodiesel) as a fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines .There is various types of  raw material like Jatropha curcus L, Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja), Moha, Undi, Castor, Saemuruba, Cotton seed  etc. An non- edible oil seeds and Various vegetable oils including palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and canola oil have been used to produce biodiesel fuel and lubricants. Out of these Pongamia pinnata can be a definite source of raw material due to its easy availability in wild.  Pongamia pinnata is drought resistant, semi-deciduous, nitrogen fixing leguminous tree. It grows about 15-20 meters in height with a large canopy which spreads equally wide.  After tranesterification of crude oil shows excellent properties like calorific value, iodine number, cetane number and acid value etc. Detail study intends to identify all advantages and disadvantages of pongamia pinnata as a sustainable feedstock for the production of Biodiesel equivalent to fossil fuel as per ASTM 6751-9B. <#LINE#> @ @ Agrawal A.K., Vegetable oils verses diesel fuel development and use of biodiesel in compression ignition engine, TIDE, 83, 191-204 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sinha S. and Misra N.C., Diesel fuel alternative from vegetable oils, Chem. Engg. World, 32(10), 77-80 (1997) @No $ @ @ Shaheed A. and Swain E., Combustion analysis of coconut oil and its methyl esters in a diesel engine, Proceedings of the Institute of  Mechanical Engineers, London, UK, 213, 417-25 (1999) @No $ @ @ Goering C.E., Schwab A.W., Daugherty M.J., Pryde  E.H. and Heakin A.J., Fuel properties of eleven vegetable oils, ASAE, 813579 (1981) @No $ @ @ Biofuel report of committee on development of bio-fuel, Planning Commission, Government of India (2003) @No $ @ @ Gopalkrishnan K.P. and Rao P.S., Use of non edible vegetable oil as alternate fuels in diesel engines DNES project report I.C.E. lab, Madras 36 (1996) @No $ @ @ Banwal B.K. and Sharma M.P.,  Aspects of  biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,01-16 (2004) @No $ @ @ Surendra R., Kalbande and Subhash D., Jtaropha and Karanja Bio-fuel: An alternative fuel for diesel engine, ARPN, Journal of engg. and applied sciences,, 1 (2008) @No $ @ @ Senthil M. Kumar, Ramesh A. and Nagalingam B., Investigation on use of jatropha curcus oil and its methyl esters as a fuel in compression ignition engine, International Journal of Institute of Energy, 74, 24-28 (2001) @No $ @ @ Senthil M. Kumar, Ramesh A. and Nagalingam B., An experimental comparison of methods to use methanol and jatropha curcus in a compression ignition engine, International Journal of Institute of Energy, 25, 301-318 (2003) @No $ @ @ Konthe G., Analyzing Biodiesel: Standards and Other Methods, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, 823-833 (2006) @No $ @ @ Konthe G., Structures indices in FA chemistry, How relevant is the iodine value?, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 9, 847-853 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A. and Prasad R., Triglycerides based diesel fuel, Renew sust, Oil Energy Rev., , 111-113 (2000) @No $ @ @ Fegue R.O. and Gross A.T., Modification of vegetable oils VII Alkali catalyzes interesterification of peanut oil with ethanol, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 26930 97 (1949) @No $ @ @ Hass and Scott, J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 73, 1393 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bradshaw G.B. and Mently W.C., US Patent 23605844 (1944) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pryde E.H., Mounts T.L., Variables affecting the yield of fatty esters from triglyceride vegetables oil, J. Am Oil Chem. Soc, 61(10), 1638-43(1984) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Butterfield R.O. and  Pryde E.H., J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 63, 1375 (1986) @No $ @ @ Dembris A., Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic andnon-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterification and other methods, A Survey Energy Conservation and Management, 44, 2093-2109 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mehar L.C., Naik S.N. and Das L.M., Methanolysis of ponagamia pinnata (karanja) oil for production of biodiesel, Journal of scientific and industrial research, 63, 913918 (2004) @No $ @ @ Raheman H. and Phadatare A.G., Karanja esterified oil an alternative renewable fuel for diesel engines in controlling air pollution, Bioenergy News, 7(3), 17-23 (2003) @No $ @ @ http // en. Wikipedia . org / wiki / file : Generic-Biodiesel-Reaction1.gif (2012) @No $ @ @ Kyriakidis N.B. and Katsiloulis T., Calculation of iodine value from measurement of fatty acid methyl esters of some oils:comparision with the relevant American Oil chemists society method, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 1235-1238 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Chemical Water Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Brands Marketed in Mwanza City, Tanzania<#LINE#>I.Z.@Mihayo,S.L.@Mkoma<#LINE#>21-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2012-078.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Physical Sci, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, TANZANIA<#LINE#>24/3/2012<#LINE#>28/3/2012<#LINE#>Water is a useful resource for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes and its importance to man cannot be overemphasized due to its essentiality in body metabolism and proper functioning of cells. The present study was carried out to determine the physico-chemical quality of bottled drinking water brands available in retail shops in Mwanza city (Tanzania), and compare with drinking water standards. The results show that water type for different bottled water brands when classified according to TDS ranged from very low concentrations (brands A and B) to low concentrations (brands C, D, E, and F). Based on the classification criteria of total hardness, most brands were considered to have soft water except for brand E which had moderately hard water. The dominant component to all bottled water brands was SO2 accounted 48% to 90% of the total major ions, whereas Cl accounted for 8% to 25%. Somewhat high contributions up to 20% was observed for Ca2+, while Mg2+ was below 9%, and Fe2+ and NO were below 6%. Brand D has exceptionally high levels for Cl, NO, and Mg2+ ions. When compared with Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water, analysed parameters in all brands were within TBS and WHO limit values for drinking water. The study therefore concludes that the analysed bottled water brands are safe for human consumption. However, it recommends other water quality parameters such as microbiological and heavy metal be studied in future. <#LINE#> @ @ Buchholz R.A., Principles of environmental management, The Greening of Business, 2nd. Prentice-Hall, London, UK, 448 (1998) @No $ @ @ Gleick P.H., The world’s water, The Biennial Report on Fresh water Resources. Washington. Island Press (2006) @No $ @ @ Lefort R., Down to the last drop, UNESCO Sources, No. 84(7) (2006) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization (WHO), Guidelines for drinking water quality, Geneva WHO (2008) @No $ @ @ United Republic of Tanzania (URT), Water Supply and Sanitation Act, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Dar es Salaam (2009) @No $ @ @ Tredoux G. and Talma A.S., Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Southern Africa. In Groundwater Pollution in Africa, Xu Y, Usher B (eds), Taylor and Francis/Balkema: Leiden, The Netherlands, 15-36 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 1-5 (2011)  @No $ @ @ Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J.M., Seasonal Groundwater Quality Variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 7-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mjemah I.C., Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical investigation of a coastal aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. PhD Thesis, Ghent University, 222 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kassenga G.R. and Mbuligwe S.E., Comparative Assessment of Physicochemical Quality of Bottled and Tap Water in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci.,3(2), 209-217 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kibona I., Mkoma S.L. and Mjemah I.C., Nitrate pollution of Neogene alluvium aquifer in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 5(1), 171-179 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tanzania Food and Drugs Agency (TFDA), Tanzania Food, Drug, and cosmetic Act No.1 of 2003, Tanzania, TFDA, (2003) @No $ @ @ Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS), National Environmental Standards Compendium: TZS 789. Drinking (potable) water – Specification, 74, (2005) @No $ @ @ Kassenga G.R., The Health-Related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, J. Water Health, 5(1), 179-185 (2007) @No $ @ @ Oyedej O., Olutiola P.O. and Moninuola M.A., Microbiological quality of packaged drinking water brands marketed in Ibadan metropolis and Ile-Ife cities in South Western Nigeria, Africa J. Microbiol. Res., 4(1), 96-102 (2009) @No $ @ @ Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA), Performance of Water Supply and Sewerage Authorities for 2008/9 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vander Aa N.G.F.M., Classification of mineral water types and comparison with drinking water standards, Environ. Geol., 44, 554-563 (2003) @No $ @ @ Birke M., Rauch U., Harazim B., Lorenz H. and Glatte W., Major and trace elements in German bottled water, their regional distribution, and accordance with national and international standards, J. Geochem. Explor.,107(3), 245-271 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Green catalytic Polymerization of Styrene in the Vapor phase over Alumina<#LINE#>C.@Kannan,M.R.@Devi,K.@Muthuraja,K.@Esaivani,V.@SudalaiVadivoo<#LINE#>27-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2012-080.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>29/3/2012<#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>In the present work, a new technique for the polymerization of styrene in vapor phase without any added solvent is proposed. The acidic and basic alumina was used as heterogeneous catalysts in this reaction. These catalysts were packed in the vapor phase reactor and the styrene vapor was allowed to pass through the catalytic bed at various temperatures. Both anionic and cationic polymerizations have been carried out in the presence of acidic Al and basic Al respectively. Beyond using various hazardous solvents and catalysts in the styrene polymerization reactions, the new vapor phase polymerization technique provides a right way to carry out the polymerization reactions in an environmental friendly method. The optimization of various experimental conditions like effect of contact time, temperature, monomer dosage, catalyst dosage and time on stream have also been investigated for maximum conversion of both catalysts. The resulting polystyrene structure was confirmed by FTIR spectral analysis. The molecular weight of the polystyrene was determined at various polymerization temperatures. The high molecular weights of 3.1x10 and 2.8x10 were obtained for acidic and basic alumina respectively at 150C. <#LINE#> @ @ Deepshikha and  BasuT., The Role of Structure Directing Agents on Chemical Switching Properties of Nanostructured Conducting Polyaniline (NSPANI), Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(6), 20-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Noor Ainee Zainol, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Suffian Yusoff and Muhammad Umar The use of Polyaluminum Chloride for the treatment of Landfill Leachate via Coagulation and Flocculation processes, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(3), 34 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deshpande A.D and Gogte B.B., Novel Polymeric Surfactants Based on Oxalic Acid and Citric Acid for Detergents,  Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(6), 42-47 (2011) @No $ @ @ Manimaran N., Rajendran S, Manivannan M and John Mary S, Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Polyacrylamide, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 52-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghosh Pranab, Das Tapan and Das Moumita, Evaluation of Poly (acrylates) and their Copolymer as Viscosity Modifiers, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(3), 18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Deshpande D.P., Warfade V.V., Amaley S.H. and Lokhande D.D., Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 63-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tandel R.C., Gohil Jayvirsinh and Patel Nilesh K. Synthesis and Study of Main Chain Chalcone Polymers Exhibiting Nematic Phases, Res.J.Recent.Sci. 1(ISC-2011), 122-127 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ewen J.A., Novel method for plastic production, Science (in Chinese),, 34 (1997) @No $ @ @ Brintzinger H.H., Fischer D., Mulhaupt R., Rieger B and Waymouth R.M., Metallocene Catalysts for Stereoregular Polymerization,  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34, 1143 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kaminsky W., New Materials by Polymerization of Olefins and Styrene by Metallocene/MAO Catalysts, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.,2, 1 (2001) @No $ @ @ Matyjaszewski K., Atom transfer radical polymerization, role of various components and reaction conditions, Polym. Prepr,38, 736 (1997) @No $ @ @ Xiaolong W., Baibing N. I., Yanfei L and Shengkang Y., Synthesis of polystyrene with high melting temperature through BDE/CuCl catalyzed polymerization, Sci. China. Ser B. 44, 69 (2001) @No $ @ @ Percec V. and Barboiu B., Living" Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated by Arenesulfonyl Chlorides and CuI(bpy)nCl, Macromolecules, 287970 (1995) @No $ @ @ Percec V., Barboiu B., Neumann A., Ronda J. C. and Zhao M., Metal-Catalyzed “Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides. From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Catalysis, Macromolecules, 293665 (1996) @No $ @ @ Matyjaszewski K., Wei M., Xia J. and  McDermott N. E., Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate Catalyzed by Iron Complexes,  Macromolecules, 30, 8161(1997) @No $ @ @ Zhang H., Hong K. and  Mays J.W., Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate in Various Room Temperature Ionic Liquids, ACS Symp. Ser. Washington, DC, (2005) @No $ @ @ Vijayaraghavan R., Pringle J.M.andMacFarlane D.R., Anionic polymerization of styrene in ionic liquidsEur. Polym. J. 44, 1758 (2008) @No $ @ @ Szwarc M., ‘Living’ Polymers, Nature. 178, 1168 (1956) @No $ @ @ Szwarc M., Levy M. and Milkovich R., Polymerization Initiated by Electron Transfer To Monomer. A New Method of Formation of Block Polymers, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 78, 2656 (1956) @No $ @ @ Hadjikyriacou S., Acar M., Faust R., Living and Controlled Polymerization of Isobutylene with Alkylaluminum Halides as Coinitiators, Macromolecules. 37, 7543 (2004) @No $ @ @ Aoshima S., Segawa Y. and Okada Y., Cationic polymerization of styrene in the presence of added base: Living nature of the propagating species and synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol)-graft-polystyrene, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,39751 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sage V., Clark J. H., Macquarrie D. J., Supported copper triflate as catalyst for the cationic polymerization of styrene,  J. Catal,.227, 502 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sage V., Clark J.H., Macquarrie D.J., Cationic polymerization of styrene using mesoporous silica supported aluminum chloride, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.198, 349 (2003) @No $ @ @ Billmeyer F. W., Textbook of polymer science, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, (2003) @No $ @ @ Schellenberg J., Tomotsu N., Syndiotactic polystyrene catalysts and polymerization, Prog. Polym. Sci.,27, 1925 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mayo F.R.,  Chain Transfer in the Polymerization of Styrene: The Reaction of Solvents with Free Radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2324 (1943) @No $ @ @ Smith C.G., Analysis of synthetic polymers and rubbers, Anal. Chem.,65, 217R–43R (1993) @No $ @ @ Saikia B. J. and Parthasarathy G., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Kaolinite from Assam and Meghalaya, Northeastern India, J. Mod. Phys., , 206 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kannan C., Sundaram T. and Palvannan T., Environmentally stable adsorbent of tetrahedral silica and non-tetrahedral alumina for removal and recovery of malachite green dye from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater.,157, 137 (2008) @No $ @ @ Huang Z. L., Liu L. X., Lei H., Zhao Y. D.,Vibrational spectroscopic encoding of polystyrene resin bead: a combined FT-IR and computational study  J. Mol. Struct.,738, 155 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Characterization of Protein Interfaces to Infer Protein-Protein Interaction<#LINE#>Subhra@Mishra<#LINE#>36-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-085.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar College, North Bengal University, Pin-736122, West Bengal, INDIA <#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>20/4/2012<#LINE#>Understanding of interaction of two key macromolecular species is one of the major problems in structural and molecular biology. An understanding of protein – protein interactions depend upon knowledge of both the three dimensional structural details of the interactions and the chemical dynamics of the systems. Here we present an analysis of several dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric obligatory complexes available in the PDB with homologous sequences filtered out at 70% sequence identity. In this study, oligomeric protein structures are viewed from a network perspective to obtain new insights into protein association. The aim of this paper is to describe the computational approach to design the strategies to recognize the protein–protein interfaces in an automated, generalizable fashion. The successes suggest that these computational methods can be used to modulate, reengineer and design protein–protein interaction networks in living cells. <#LINE#> @ @ Brinda K.V. and Vishveshwara S., Oligomeric protein structure networks: insights into protein-protein interactions, BMC Bioinformatics., , 296 (2005) @No $ @ @ Blundell T.L. and Srinivasan N., Symmetry, stability, and dynamics of multidomain and multicomponent protein systems, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA.,93, 14243–14248 (1996) @No $ @ @ Veith M., Hirst J.D., Koilinski A. and Brooks C.L., Assesing energy functios for flexible docking, J. Comp Chem.,19(14), 1612-1622 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nooren I.M.A. and Thornton J.M., Structural characterization and functional significance of transient protein-protein interactions, J Mol Biol.,325, 991–1018 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sheinerman F.B., Norel R. and Honig B., Electrostatic aspects of protein-protein interactions, Curr Opin Struct Biol.,10(2), 153-9 (2000) @No $ @ @ Elcock A.H., Gabdoulline R.R., Wade R.C. and McCammon J.A., Computer simulation of protein-protein association kinetics: acetylcholinesterase-fasciculin, J Mol Biol., 291(1), 149-62 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bahadur R.P., Rodier F. and Janin J., A dissection of the protein-protein interfaces in icosahedral virus capsids. J. Mol. Biol.,367, 574–590 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jones S. and Thornton J.M., Principles of protein–protein interactions, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 93, 13–20 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lee B. and Richards F.M., The interpretation of protein structures: Estimation of static accessibility, J. Mol. Biol.,55, 379-400 (1971) @No $ @ @ Del Sol A., Fujihashi H. and O'meara P., Topology of small-world networks of protein-protein complex structures, Bioinformatics., 21, 1311–5 (2005) @No $ @ @ Miller S., Lesk A.M., Janin J. and Chothia C., The accessible surface area and stability of oligomeric proteins. Nature., 328, 834–836 (1987) @No $ @ @ Levy E.D., Pereira-Leal J.B., Chothia C. and Teichmann S.A., 3D complex: a structural classification of protein complexes, PLoS Comput. Biol.,, 155 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jones S. and Thornton J.M., Protein-Protein Interactions: A Review of Protein Dimer Structures, In Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology., 63, 31-165 (1995) @No $ @ @ Valdar W.S.J. and Thornton J.M., Protein-protein interfaces: analysis of amino acid conservation in homodimers, Proteins: Struct Funct Genet, 42, 108–124 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ying G., Wang R. and Lai L., Structure based method for analyzing protein-protein interfaces, J Mol Model., 10, 44–54 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lo Conte L., Chothia C. and Janin J., The atomic structure of protein-protein recognition sites, J Mol Biol.,285, 2177–2198 (1999) @No $ @ @ Lukatsky D.B., Shakhnovich B.E., Mintseris J. and Shakhnovich E.I., Structural similarity enhances interaction propensity of proteins, J. Mol. Biol., 365, 1596–1606 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., In-Silico Structure Determination of Protein Falstatin from Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(4), 68-71 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>A Comprehensive Approach for the Characterization of Pulp and Paper Industry Post Oxygen Stage Effluent<#LINE#>Panda@Sunakar,PanigrahiJagadish@Chandra,UpendraPrasad@Tripathy<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-086.pdf<#LINE#>P.G.Dept of Chemistry,Berhampur University, Ganjam-760007,Odisha, INDIA @ Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Jaykaypur, Rayagada-765017, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>17/4/2012<#LINE#>The pulp and paper industry post oxygen stage effluents containing high percent of colour causing lignin and degraded lignin compounds have been analyzed using a combination of U.V-Visible, FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The colour is mainly due to the presence of chromophoric groups in these compounds. The post oxygen effluent mainly contains lignin fragments and the possible compounds present may be vanillin, syringaldehyde , p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, vanillic acids, syringic acids, p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, fervilic acid and p-coumaric acids. The chromophoric groups can be oxidised by ozone treatment for the reduction of colour efficiently. <#LINE#> @ @ Panigrahi J.C., Ratho B.P., Harichandan A.K. and Goel M.C., Strategies towards environmental sustainability of a large integrated pulp an paper mill in India, India., 15 (1) , 16-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kratzl.K., Claus.P., Lonsky.W. and Gratzl.J.S., Model studies on reactions occurring in oxidation of lignin with molecular oxygen in alkaline media, Wood sci. and tech., 35-49 (1974) @No $ @ @ Crestini .C., Crucianelli M., Orlandi M. and SaladineOxidative strategies in lignin chemistry: A new environmental friendly approach for the functionalisation of lignin and lignocellulosic fibers, 156, 8-22 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yang R., Lucia.L.A. and Arthur.J.R., Oxygen delignification chemistry and its impact on pulp fibers, J.of wood chem.. and tech., 23(1),13-29 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ljunggren S.J., Kinetics aspects of some lignin reaction in oxygen bleaching, J.Pulp Paper Sci.,12, 54-57 (1986)  @No $ @ @ Chen.G., Fu.S., Liu R., Zhan.H. and Chen. Y., Analysis of structural changes of mason pine lignin reacted with superoxide anion radical using NMR spectroscopy, Bioresources., 5(2),1156-1163 (2010) @No $ @ @ S.J., Kinetics aspects of some lignin reaction ., 12, 54-57 (1986) @No $ @ @ Chen.G., Fu.S., Liu R., Zhan.H. and Chen. Y., Analysis ctural changes of mason pine lignin reacted with superoxide anion radical using NMR spectroscopy, Bioresources., 5(2),1156-1163 (2010) @No $ @ @  Ljunggren S.J., Gellerstedt.G. and Petersson.M.., Chemical aspects of the degradation of lignin during Proceeding of 6th international symposium on wood and pulping chemistry, Melbourne, Australia, ,.229-235 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gierer J., Formation and involvement of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in TCF bleaching process: A review, Holzforschung., 51(1),34-46 (1997)@No $ @ @ Leonid.G.A., Jorge.L.C. and Dimitris S.A., Factors limiting oxygen delignification of kraft pulp, Chem., 79, 201-210 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ewellyn.A.C., Mikhail. Y.B. Comprehensive approach for quantitative lignin characterization by NMR spChem., 52,1850-1860 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kun.W., Feng.X. and characteristics of kraft AQ-pulping lignin fractionated by sequential organic solvent extraction, 11,2988-3011  (2010) @No $ @ @ Vera.L.A., Mariza.G.D., Guglielmo.M.S., Chem.L.C. & Dorila.P.V., Synthesis of new trimeric lignin model compounds containing 5-5' their characterization by 1D Braz. Chem. Soc., 11(5),467-473 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ghoreishi.S.M. and Haghighi.M.R., Chromophores removal in pulp and paper mill  effluent via hydrogenation- biological batch reactors, 127,59-70 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Potential Recovery of Protein from Shrimp Waste in Aqueous two Phase System<#LINE#>D.@Ramyadevi,A.@Subathira,S.@Saravanan<#LINE#>47-52<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-087.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli- 620 015, INDIA<#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>17/4/2012<#LINE#>Shrimp waste is an important source of bioactive molecules and it undergoes rapid disintegration which leading to environmental pollution. It is necessary to preserve the material adopting the environmentally safe techniques, prior to recovery of bioactive components such as proteins and carotenoids. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) partitioning has been used to recover and concentrate proteins from Shrimp Waste and offers many advantages along with biomass removal. Hence, a feasible protocol for the recovery of protein from Shrimp Waste has been established. The best conditions of partitioning were achieved using ATPS composed of PEG 4000, ammonium citrate salt, pH8, 1M addition of sodium chloride, and 36.28 Tie line length. The maximum percentage yield of protein extracted from shrimp waste was found to be 74.50%.  <#LINE#> @ @ The Marine Products Export Development Authority, India, Available from http:// www.mpeda.com @No $ @ @ Ekpete O.A., Horsfall M. JNR., Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon derived from Fluted Pumpkin Stem Waste (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F), Res.J.Chem.Sci. 1, 10-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shabudeen P.S. Syed,Study of the Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solution by using Solid Agricultural Waste, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1, 89-104(2011) @No $ @ @ Sachindra N.M., Bhaskar N. and Mahendrakar N.S., Recovery of carotenoids from shrimp waste in organic solvents, Waste Manage, 26, 1092–1098 (2006) @No $ @ @ Barratt A. and Montano R., Shrimp heads - a new source of protein, Infofish Marketing Digest 4(86),  21-22 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sachindra N.M. and Bhaskara N., In vitro antioxidant activity of liquor from fermented shrimp bio Waste, Bioresource Technol, 99, 9013–9016 (2008) @No $ @ @ Handayani A.D., Indraswati S.N. and Ismadji S, Extraction of astaxanthin from giant tiger (Panaeus monodon) shrimp waste using palm oil:studies of extraction kinetics and thermodynamic,  Bioresource Technol, 99, 4414–4419 (2008) @No $ @ @ Redde R.H., Einbu A. and Varum K.M., A seasonal study of the chemical composition and chitin quality of shrimp shells obtained from northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), Carbohydr Polym., 71, 388-393 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hur J.W. and No H.K., Physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan prepared from lobster shrimp shell, Korean J. Food Sci. Tech,28, 870–876 (1996) @No $ @ @ Coward-Kelly G., Agbogbo F.K. and Holtzapple M.T., Lime treatment of shrimp head waste for the generation of highly digestible animal feed, Bioresource Technol, 97, 1515–1520 (2006) @No $ @ @ Schugerl K. and Hubbuch J., Integrated bioprocesses, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 8, 294–300 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nucci H.D., Nerli B. and Pico G., Comparison between the thermodynamic features of -antitrypsin and human albumin partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems of  polyethyleneglycol –dextran, Biophys. Chem., 89 219–229 (2001) @No $ @ @ Salabat, The influence of salts on the phase compositions in aqueous two-phase systems: experiments and predictions, Fluid Phase Equilibr, 187–188, 489–498 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hatti-Kaul R., Methods in Biotechnology, Aqueous Two-Phase Systems, Methods and Protocols, Humana Press, New Jersey, (2000) @No $ @ @ Tubio G., Pellegrini L., Nerli B.B. and Pico G.A., Liquid – liquid Equlibria of aqueous two-phase systems containing poly (ethylene glycol) of different molecular weight and sodium citrate, J Chem Eng Data, 51, 209–212 (2006) @No $ @ @ Albertsson P.A., Cajarville A., Brooks D.E. and Tjerneld F., Partition of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems and the effect of molecular mass of the polymer, Biochem Biophys Acta, 926, 87–93 (1987) @No $ @ @ Pico G., Romanini D., Nerli B. and Farruggia B., Polyethylene glycol molecular mass and polydispersivity effect on protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems, J Chromatogr B., 830, 286–292 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rito-Palomares M., Practical application of aqueous two phase partition to process development for the recovery of biological products, J Chromatogr B., 807, 3–11 (2005) @No $ @ @ Schmidt A.S., Ventom A.M. and Asenjo J.A., Partitioning and purification of -amylase in aqueous two-phase systems, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 16, 131–142 (1994) @No $ @ @ Reghetti P.G. and Caravaggio T., Isoelectric points and molecular weights of proteins: A table, J. Chromatogr. 127, 1–28 (1976) @No $ @ @ Bassani G., Farruggia B., Nerli B., Romanini D. and Picó G., Porcine pancreatic lipase partition in potassium phosphate–polyethylene glycol aqueous two-phase systems, J. Chromatogr. B, 859, 222–228 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saravanan S., Raghava Rao J., Murugesan T., Balachandran Unni Nair and Ramasami T., Partition of tannery wastewater proteins in aqueous two-phase poly (ethylene glycol)-magnesium sulfate systems: Effects of molecular weights and pH,  Chem Eng Sci, 62, 969 – 978 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Effects of the Methanolic extract of Oscillatoria annae<#LINE#>R.@Rajavel,P.@Mallika,V.@Rajesh,K.@PavanKumar,Krishna@MoorthyS.,T.@Sivakumar<#LINE#>53-61<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-090.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pharmacy, Nandha College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Erode-638 052, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Pharmacology, J.K.K. Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>12/4/2012<#LINE#>24/4/2012<#LINE#>The present study was designed to investigate antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Oscillatoria annae. The antiinflammatory activity were studied in both acute and chronic inflammation models, where as by using four different animal models were employed to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the extract in the acute model, carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin were used to induce the inflammation in rat hind paw and cotton pellet enhanced granuloma method was used for chronic inflammation model. Acetic acid-induced writhing method, hot plate method, tail flick response and tail immersion method were used to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the extract. The methanolic extract of Oscillatoria annae exhibited significant dose-dependent activity on the tested experimental animal models, and also on the extract significantly reduced in the acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions and the increased reaction time of mice in hot plate method, tail flick response and tail immersion method. This study has shown that the methanolic extract from the Oscillatoria annae does possess significant antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activity in animal models at the doses tested and the results were comparable to those observed for the standard drugs indomethacin, acetyl salicylic acid and morphine.  <#LINE#> @ @ Almeida R.N., Navarro D.S. and Barbosa F.J.M., Plants with central analgesic activity, Phytomedicine,8, 310-322 (2001) @No $ @ @ Manocha N., Chandra S.K., Sharma V., Sangameswaran B. and Saluja M., Anti-Rheumatic and Antioxidant activity of extract of Stem bark of Ficus bengalensis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mulongo G., Mbabazi J., Odongkara B., Twinomuhwezi H. and Mpango G.B., New Biologically Active Compounds from 1,3-Diketones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 102-108 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary R. and Shelly, Synthesis, Spectral and Pharmacological Study of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Coordination Complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Radi S., Toubi Y., Hamdani I., Hakkou A., Souna F., Himri I. and Bouakka M.,Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of some new Bipyrazolic Tripodal Derivatives, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(4), 40-44  (2012) @No $ @ @ Tamilarasi T. and Ananthi T.,Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Microbial Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn., Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(2), 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Trease G. E. and Evans M. C., Text book of Pharmacognosy, 12th Edn., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 343-383 (1983) @No $ @ @ Thompson W.R. and Weil C.S., On the construction of tables for moving average interpolations, Biometric.,, 51-54 (1952) @No $ @ @ Winter C.A. and Poter C.C., Effect of alteration in side chain upon anti-inflammatory and liver glycogen activities in hydrocortisone ester, J. Am. Pharmacol. Soc.,46, 515-519 (1957) @No $ @ @ Suleyman H., Demirezer L.O., Kuruzum A., Banoglu Z.N., Goccer F., Ozabakir G. and Gepdiremen A., Antiinflammatory effects of the aqueous extract from Rumex Patientia. roots, J. Ethnopharmacol.,65 141-148 (1991) @No $ @ @ Wise L.E., Cannavacciulo R., Cravatt B. F., Martin B. F. and Lichtman A. H.,Evaluation of fatty acid amides in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, Neuropharmaco.l54(1), 181-188 (2008) @No $ @ @ D’Arcy P.F., Howard E.M., Muggleton P.W. and Townsend S.B., The anti-inflammatory action of griseofulvin in experimental animals, J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,12, 659-665 (1960) @No $ @ @ Turner R. A., Analgesic screening methods in pharmacology, Academic press, New york, 100-102 (1965) @No $ @ @ Franzotti E. M., Santos C.V.F., Rodrigues M. S. L., Mourao R. H. V., Andrade M. R. and Antonilli A. R., Antiinflammatory, analgesic and acute toxicity of sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca),  J. Ethnopharmacol.,72, 273-278 (2000) @No $ @ @ D’Amour F. E. and Smith, D. L., A method for determining loss of pain sensation, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 72, 74–79 (1941) @No $ @ @ Hollander C., Nystrom M., Janciauskiene S. and Westin U., Human mast cell decrease SLP levels in type II like alveolar cell model in vitro, Can. Cell Int.,, 14-22 (2003) @No $ @ @ Omisore N.O.A., Adewunmi C.O., Iwalewa E.O., Ngadjui B.T., Watchueng  J., Abegaz B. M. and Ojewole J. A. O., Antinociceptive and  anti-inflammatory effects of Dorstenia Barteri (Moraceae0 leaf and twig extracts in mice, J. Pharmacol.,95, 7-12 (2004) @No $ @ @ Winter C.A., Risley E.A. and Nuss G.W., Carrageenan induced oedema in hind paw of the rats as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs, Exp. Biol. Med.,111, 544-547 (1962) @No $ @ @ Crunkhon P. and Meacock S.E.R., Mediators of the inflammation induced in the rat paw by carrageenan, Br. Jour. Pharmacol.,42, 392-402 (1971) @No $ @ @ Di Rosa M., Papadimitrion J.P. and Willoughby D.A., Studies of the mediators of the acute inflammatory response induced in rats in different sites by carrageenen and turpentine, J. Panthol Bacteriol.,104, 15-29 (1971) @No $ @ @ Ghosh M.N., Benerjee R.H. and Mukherjee S.K., Capillary permeability increasing property of hyaluronidase in rat, Ind. J. Phusiol. Pharmacol.,7, 17 (1963) @No $ @ @ Lo T.N., Almeida and Beavan M.A., Dextran and carrageenan evoke different inflammatory response in rat with respect to composition of infiltrates and effect of Indomethacin, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,221, 261-267 (1982) @No $ @ @ Garcia M.D., Fernandez M.A., Alvaraz A.A. and Saenz M.T., Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect of the aqueous extract from leaves of Pimento racemosa var. ozua (Mirtaceae),  J. Ethnopharmacol.,91, 69-73 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cuman R.K.N., Bersani-Amadio C.A. and Fortes Z.B., Influence of type 2 diabetes on the inflammatory response in rat, Inflammation Res.,50, 460-465 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gene R.M., Segura L., Adzet T., Marin E. and Ingelsias J., Heterotheca inuloides: anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, J Ethnopharmacol. 60, 157–162 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bently G.A., Newton S.H. and Starr J., Evidence for an action of morphine and the enkephalins on sensory nerve endings in the mouse peritoneum, Br. J. Pharmacol., 73,325-332 (1981) @No $ @ @ Derardt R., Jougeny S., Delevalcee F. and Falhout M., Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition, Eur. J. Pharmacol.,51, 17-24 (1980) @No $ @ @ Hiruma-Lima C.A., Gracioso J.S., Bighetti E.J.B., Germonsen R.L. and Souza, B.A.R.M., The juice of fresh leaves of Boerhaaria diffusa L (Nyctaginaceae) markedly reduces pain in mice, J. EthnoPharmacol.,71, 267-274 (2000) @No $ @ @ Plummer J.L., Cmiclewski P.L., Gourlay G.K., Owen H. and Cousins M., Assessment of antinociceptive drugs effect in the presence of impaired motor performance, J. Pharmacol. Meth.,26, 78-87 (1991) @No $ @ @ Duke J.A., Hand book of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities, CRC press, Boca, Raton, FL, (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azetidin-2-one Containing Pyrazoline Derivatives<#LINE#>ShaileshH.@Shah,S.@PatelPankaj<#LINE#>62-68<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2012-120.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chem., Patel JBR Arts, Patel AMR Commerce and Patel JDKD Science College, Borsad, GJ, & JJT-University, RJ, INDIA  @ Department of Chemistry, Sheth LH Science College, Mansa, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>11/5/2012<#LINE#>22/5/2012<#LINE#>Pyrazolines are well-known and important nitrogen containing 5-membered heterocyclic compounds and various methods have been worked out for their synthesis. A new series of 3-chloro-1-{4-[5-(Substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one are synthesized by reacting 3-chloro-1-{4-[3-(Substituted phenyl)prop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one with 99% hydrazine hydrate. All these compounds were characterized by means of their IR, H NMR, Spectroscopic data and microanalysis. All the synthesized products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by broth dilution method. <#LINE#> @ @ Lester A., Itschep M. and Foye, Principle of Medicinal Chemistry, , 833 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sharma H.L., Principle of Pharmacology, , 748-752 (2008) @No $ @ @ Satoskar R.S. and Bhandarkar S.D., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, , 2641-651 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rang H.P., Dale M.M., Ritter J.M. and Flower R.J., Pharmacology, , 651-654 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fahmy A.M., Hassa K.M., Khalaf A.A. and Ahmed R.A., Synthesis of some new beta-lactams, 4-thiazolidinones and Pyrazolines, Indian J Chem.,26, 884–7, (1987) @No $ @ @ Das N.B. and Mittra A.S., Fungicides derived from 2pyrazolin-5-ones, Indian J Chem.,16, 638–40 (1978) @No $ @ @ Mittra A.S. and Rao S., Synthesis and Fungicidal activity of some 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles, Indian J Chem.,15, 1062–3 (1977) @No $ @ @ Rich S. and Horsfall J.G., Fungitoxicity of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, Chem Abst., 46, 11543 (1952) @No $ @ @ Shah M., Patel P., Korgaokar S. and Parekh H., Synthesis of pyrazolines, isoxazoles and cynopyridines as potential antimicrobial agents, Indian J Chem., 35, 1282–4 (1996) @No $ @ @ Husain M.I. and Shukla S., Synthesis and Biological activity of 4-(3-Aryl-4-oxo-2-thioxo thiazolidin-5-ylimino)-3-methyl-1-(N, N-disubstituted amino-methyl) pyrazolin-5-ones, Indian J Chem., 25, 983–6 (1986) @No $ @ @ Rangari V., Gupta V.N. and Atal C.K., Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of newer beta-boswellic acid derivatives, Indian J Pharm Sci., 52, 158–60(1990) @No $ @ @ Nugent A.R., Murphy M., Schlachter T.S., Dunn C.J., Smith R.J. and Staite N.D., et al. Pyrazoline Bisphosphonate esters as novel anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agents, J Med Chem., 36, 134–8,(1993) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Assesment of Diurnal Variation of Physico Chemical Status of Khanpura Lake, Ajmer, India<#LINE#>Mamta@Tiwari,M.M.@Ranga<#LINE#>69-71<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2012-047.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Sophia College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>9/3/2012<#LINE#> The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of diurnal variation of physicochemical parameters of the water of Khanpura lake, Ajmer and to assess its suitability for human being and cattle consumptions. The lake receives domestic waste from Khanpura village and its adjoining areas. People living near the lake use it for irrigation purpose while cattle use water for drinking and bathing. They frequently suffer from water borne disease. The lake water contains high values of TDS, BOD, COD, alkalinity, hardness and chloride which are beyond safe limits indicating severe degradation of water quality. The present investigation reveals a specific pattern in diurnal changes of physicochemical parameters. Several measures are also suggested for the removal of pollutants. The study was carried out in each season and per day at an interval of four hours. A suitable correlation was also established between degradation index and environmental protection cost which may be used as regulating measures for preserving perennial and seasonal wetlands of Ajmer. This paper is an attempt to understand the impact of climate change on water resources and identifies general and specific impacts related to different physicochemical parameters. <#LINE#> @ @ Welch P.S., Limnology 4th Ed., Mc. Graw Hill Book Co., New York (1982) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies, Karad India, (1986) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA, AWWA and WPCF,  Washington D.C. (1989) @No $ @ @ Parashar C.S., Dixit and Shrivastava R., Seasonal Variation in Physico-Chemical Characteristics in Upper Lake of Bhopal, Asian J. xp. Sci,20(2), 297-302 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mathur M., Studies on Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Aerobic Bacteria of two Fresh Water Lakes at Ajmer,Ph.D. Thesis M.D.S. University, Ajmer (1992) @No $ @ @ Reid G.K. and Wood R.D., Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries 2nd Ed. D can Nostrand, Co. New York (1976) @No $ @ @ Paka Swarnalatha and Rao Narsing A., Interrelationship of Physico-Chemical factors of a Pond. J. Environ Biol.18 (1), 67-72 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sharma L.L. and Bhardwaj R. Studies of Some PhysicoChemical Characteristics of Sewage Fertilized Seasonal Pond of Udaipur, Journal of Environ. and Poll.,6(4), 255-260 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sharma R. and Kapoor A., Study of the Water Quality of Lake Water of Patna Bird Sanctuary Etah (UP), Bionotes11(2), 57 (2009) @No $ @ @ Abraham Beena T., Bissibose K.S., Hena T.N. Study of Some Physico-Chemical Parameter and Treatment of Industrial Efflument, Journal of Environ. and Poll.1(2), 213-216 (2002) @No $ @ @ Thorat S.R. and Sultana Masarrat, Pollution Status of Slim Ali Lake, Aurangabad, MS, Poll. Res. 19(2), 307-309(2000) @No $ @ @ Zambare S.P. Rajput S.I. and Waghlade G.P., A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water from Right Canal of Hatnur Reservoir of Jalaon, Maharashtra State, Eco. Env. Conc.10(2), 171-173 (2004) @No $ @ @ Das A.K., Limnological Studies of Chaurasiawas lake, Ajmer with Special References to Zooplanktonic Population Dynamics, Ph.D. Thesis M.D.S. University, Ajmer (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Seedling growth, Chlorophyll content and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.Moench) Genotypes under Saline Stress<#LINE#>S.@JasmineMary,A.@JohnMerina<#LINE#>72-74<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2012-016.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women (Autonomous) Kumbakonam, INDIA  <#LINE#>30/1/2012<#LINE#>6/4/2012<#LINE#>The effect of gibberellic acid on the counteracting of the Nacl 50, 100 and 150 mm induced deleterious effects on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotype was studied. Effects of GA3 on salt tolerance of okra were determined by measuring the growth parameters – shoot and root lengths, shoot and root fresh and dry weights and leaf area.  The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a,b and carotenoids) content and sugars level were investigated. In response to the interactive effects of GA3 and Nacl treatments.  Nacl significantly reduced all growth parameters measured, photosynthetic pigments, as well as sugar contents. The effects of Nacl on the previous parameters were increased with Nacl concentrations. Exogenous application of GA3 counteracted the Nacl deleterious effects on okra genotypes. GA3 enhanced the okra salt tolerance in terms of improving the measured plant growth criteria. GA3 appears to stimulate okra salt tolerance by activating the photosynthetic process.  <#LINE#> @ @ Karakas B.P., Ozias-Akins, Stushnoff C., Suefferheld M. and Rieger M., Salinity and drought tolerance of mannitol accumulating transgenic tobacco, Plant Cell Environ., 20, 609-16 (1997) @No $ @ @ Asharafuzzaman M., Khan M.A.H. and Shahidullah S.M., Vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays) as affected by a range of salinity, Crop Res.Hisar, 24, 286-92 (2002) @No $ @ @  El-Shihaby O.A., Alla M.M.N., Younis M.E. and El-Bastawisy Z.M., Effect of kinetin on photosysnthesic activity and carbohydrate content in waterlogged or sea-water treated Vigna sinensis and Zea mays plants, Plant Biosyst., 136, 277-90 (2002) @No $ @ @  Hogland D.R. and Amon D.I., The water culture method for growing plants without soil, California Agri.Exp.Stat.Circ., 347, 32 (1950) @No $ @ @  Snedecor G.W. and Cochran W.G., Statistical Methods, 6th Ed.p.275,Iowa State Univ., Press Ames Iowa, USA (1967) @No $ @ @  Gutierrez-Coronado M.A., Trejo-Lopez C. and Largue-Saavedra A., Effects of salicyclic acid and on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean, Plant Physiol, Biochem., 36, 653-65 (1998) @No $ @ @  Dhaliwal R.K., Malik C.P., Gosal S.S. and Dhaliwal L.S., Studies on hardening of micro propagated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum.L) plantnet. II Leaf parameters and biochemical estimations, Ann.Biol.Ludhiana, 13, 15-20 (1997) @No $ @ @  Zhou X.M., Mackeuzie A.F., Madramootoo C.A. and Smith D.L.J., Effects of some injected plant growth regulators, with or without sucrose, on grain production, biomass and photosynthetic activity of field-grown plants, Agro.Crop.Sci., 183, 103-10 (1999) @No $ @ @  Dela-Rosa I.M. and Maiti R.K., Biochemical mechanism in glossy sorghum lines for resistance to salinity stress, J.Plant Physiol.,146, 515-9 (1995) @No $ @ @  Zhao H.J., Lin X.W., Shi H.Z. and Chang S.M., The regulating effects of phenolic compounds on the physiological characteristis and yield of soybeans, Acta Agron. Sin., 21, 351-5 (1995) @No $ @ @  Sinha S.K., Srinivatsa H.S. and Tripathi R.D., Influence of some growth regulators and cations on inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis by lead in Maize, Bull.Env.Contamin.Toxic., 51, 241-6 (1993) @No $ @ @  Maria E.B., Jose D.A., Maria C.B. and Francisco P.A., carbon partitioning and sucrose metabolism in tomato plants growing under salinity, Physiol. Plant., 110, 502–11 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Rapid Kinetics of Chlorination of Thiophene in Aqueous Medium Using Rotating Platinum Electrode<#LINE#>V.T.@Dangat,S.L.@Bonde,V.T.@Borkar,P.D.@Maske<#LINE#>75-78<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2012-068.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune, INDIA  <#LINE#>19/3/2012<#LINE#>26/3/2012<#LINE#>The rapid kinetics of the chlorination of thiophene in aqueous solution by molecular chlorine at 7 pH has been studied using the rotating platinum electrode RPE. The specific reaction rate, energy of activation Ea and the pre-exponential factor A, are evaluated. The reaction was found to be rapid and of the second order with a half- life of 24 s at 24.50C. The rapidity of the reaction necessitated a special technique RPE,to measure the unreacted chlorine which is the only electroreducible species in the reaction. The studies are aimed at complementing quantitative data for chlorinations of aromatic substrates in aqueous medium in view of possible carcinogens formed during disinfection of drinking waters.  <#LINE#> @ @  Rule K.L., Ebbett V.R. and Vikes  and P.J., Formation of Chloroform and Chlorinated Organics by free –Chlorine- Mediated Oxidation of Triclosan.,  Environ. Sc. and Technol., 39(9) 3176-3185 (2005) @No $ @ @  Ketola A.R., Kotiaho T., Cisper M.E. and Allen T.M., Environmental Applications of Membrane Introduced Mass Spectrometry, J.Mass Spectrometry, 37, 457-476 (2002) @No $ @ @  Marino G., A Quantitative Study of the Uncatalysed Halogenation of Thiophene in acetic acid solution, Tetrahedron, 21(4), 843-848 (1965) @No $ @ @  Dangat V.T., Bonde S.L. and Rohokale G.Y., Bromination of p-Acetotoluidide in Aqueous Medium: Substituent Effect, Ind. Journ.Chem., 23A, 237-238 (1984) @No $ @ @ Res.J.Chem.Sci International Science Congress Association  78 5. Dangat V.T.,  Bonde S.L., Gayakhe A.S. and Ghorpade B.S., Kinetics of Iodination of Aniline and Anthranilic Acid by Iodine in Aqueous Medium, Ind.Journ.Chem, 28A, 321-322 (1989) @No $ @ @  Rao T.S., Mali S.I. and Dangat V.T., Kinetics of a Rapid Chlorination  Reaction by the Use of RPE, J.Uni.Poona Sc. Tech., 52, 111-114 (1979) @No $ @ @  Rao T.S., Jukar R.N., and Dangat V.T., A Catalytic Effect of the Cl- ion on the Kinetics of Chlorination of Aromatic Substrates by Cl2 in Aqueous Solution, Current Science, 55(10), 483 (1986) @No $ @ @  Babalola O.O., Ojo O.E. and Oloyede F.A., Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Hyptissuaveolens (l.) poit on Acetaaminophenone Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rabbits, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 85-88 (2011) @No $ @ @  Medjor O.W., Egharevba F., Akpoveta O.V., Ize-lyamu O.K. and Jatto E.O., Kinetic Studies of Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Water, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 38-44 (2012) @No $ @ @  Rao T.S., Mali S.I., and Dangat V.T., The Halogenating Agent in Hypohalous Acid Solutions Containing H+(aq) in Aromatic Substitutions, Tetrahedron, 34, 205 (1978) @No
<#LINE#>Water Quality Monitoring of Groundwater Resources around Sugar Factory, Near East-West Champaran Border, Bihar, India<#LINE#>Rakesh@Ranjan<#LINE#>79-81<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-076.pdf<#LINE#> PG Department of Chemistry, M.S. College, Motihari, BRABU Muzaffarpur, INDIA<#LINE#>23/3/2012<#LINE#>27/3/2012<#LINE#> Ground water is an essential and vital component of our life. It is used for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes etc. but due to fast urbanization and industrialization, ground water resources are under stress. The present investigation has been carried out to know the ground water quality around sugar factory of East and West Champaran Bihar. The parameters monitors was within the permissible limits prescribed by WHO, USPHS and BIS. <#LINE#> @ @ Ranjan Rakesh, Analysis of Abiotic Parameters of river Sikrahana, near Motihari, Bihar, India, Asian J. Exp. Chem., 6(2), 93-95 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of water quality status in Reference to statistical parameters in different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Iwuoha G.N. and Osuji L.C., Changes in surface water physic-chemical parameters following the dredging of Otamiri of Nigeria, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J.M., Seasonal groundwater quality variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 2(1), 7-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R., Evaluation of ground water quality and its suitability for drinking and agriculture use in parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 2(1), 25-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Malik G.M., Joshi M.P., Zadaiya S.K. and Raval., Study on physico-chemical characterization of some lotic system of south Gujarat,India, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 2(1), 83-85 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sinha Madhu Rani et al, Physicao chemical examination and quality assessment of ground water (Hand-Pump) around Patna main town, Bihar state, India, J.Chem.Pharm. Res., 3(3),701-705 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pandey Sandeep and Tiwari Sweta, Physico-chemical analysis of ground water of selected area of Ghazipur city-Acase study, Nature and Science, 7(1), 17-20 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jinwal A. and Dixit A., Pre and post monsoon variation in physic-chemical characteristics in ground water quality in Bhopal, India, Asian J. Exp.Sci., 22(3), 311-316 (2008) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara city, Gujrat, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil Shila G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of physic-chemical charecteristics of Shivaji University lake on phytoplankton communities, Kolhapur, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(1), 56-60 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of Temperature on the transesterification of Cod Liver oil<#LINE#>B.Y.@Makama<#LINE#>82-84<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-140.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sci. and Sci. Education, Kano University of Science and Technology, Kano State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>5/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>There is increasing effort in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Diesel engines operated on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and air toxics than operated on petroleum-based diesel fuel. Herein we report the effect of temperature in the transesterification protocol of cod liver oil. The optimum yield temperature and reaction time were found to be 75%, 40oC, and 35 minutes respectively. Two fuel properties (viscosity and calorific values) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard <#LINE#> @ @ Carraretto C., Macor A., Mirandola A.,  Stoppato A. and Tonon S., Biodiesel as alternative fuel: experimental analysis and energetic evaluations, Energy, 29, 2195-2211 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dick T. P. E., “Biodiesel.” Biosource Fuels Inc., Available: http://www.rendermagazine.com, (2004) @No $ @ @ Peace G. S., Taguchi methods. 2nd ed. The United States of America: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company  (1993) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Current advances in alternative motor fuels, Energy Explor Exploit., 21, 475-487 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Mohanty M. K., Das S.P.,  and Pattanaik A. K., Production of Bio-diesel (Methyl Ester) from Simarouba Glauca Oil, Research Journal of Chemical Science, 2(5), 66-71, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan C., Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil, Fuel, 84, 335 – 340 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chandrashekhar G., Bio-diesel demand to propel grain, oil prices higher, Business Daily from the Hindu Publications, (2007) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pryde E.H. and Mounts T.L., Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils,  J. Am. Oil Chem Soc., 61, 1638–1643, (1984) @No $ @ @ Ahmed I. Biodegradability of New engineered fuels compared to conventional petroleum fuels and alternative fuels in current use, Appl Biochem Biotechnol., 84, 879–897 (2000) @No