@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Response Surface Optimization of Critical Medium Components for the Production of Lactic Acid by Rhizopus arrhizus<#LINE#>Naveen@Dwivedi,Shubha@Dwivedi,C.B.@Majumder,P.@Mondal<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJCS-2011-111 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, S D College of Engineering and Technology, Muzaffarnagar-251001, UP, INDIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, UK, INDIA  <#LINE#>7/7/2011<#LINE#>3/9/2011<#LINE#> Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize fermentation medium for enhancing lactic acid production by Rhizopus arrhizus (RA). In the first step of optimization with Plackett- Burman design, in the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design and RSM were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable. Three most effective medium constituents identified by initial screening method of Plackett- Burman were glucose, urea, and MgSO4. Central composite design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used in the design of the experiment and in the analysis of results. This procedure limited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing for possible interactions between the three components. The optimum values for the tested variables for the maximum lactic acid production were glucose 10.97g/lit urea 0.135g/lit and MgSO4 7.22%. The maximum lactic acid production was 182.5g/lit. It was 65.7g/lit increased from basal medium.     <#LINE#> @ @  T.B. Victory, Industrial Chemicals Biochemical and Fuel,(761-774) @No $ @ @ Casida L.E., J.R., Industrial Microbiology, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 304 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stanbury P.F, Whittaker A and Hall S.J., Principle of fermentation technology, (Elsevier, Indian Reprint), 110-111 (2005) @No $ @ @  Fannin T.E. Marcus M.D., Anderson D.A. and Bergman H.L., Use of a fractional factorial design to evaluate interactions of environmental factors affecting biodegradation rates, Appl Environ Microbiol, 42 936 (1981) @No $ @ @  Chhatpar H.S., Vaidya R. and Vayas P., Statistical optimization of medium components for the production of chitinase by Alcaligenes xylosoxydus, J Enzy Microb Technol, 33, 92 (2003) @No $ @ @  Yee L. and Blanch H.W., Defined medium optimization for the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli, 90, Biotechnol Bioeng, 41, 221 (1993) @No $ @ @  Adinarayana K. and Ellaiah P., Response surface optimization of the critical medium components for the production of alkaline protease by a newly isolated Bacillus sp., J Pharm pharmaceut Sci, 5 272 (2002) @No $ @ @  Deshayes C.M.P., Utilisation de models mathematiques pour I optimization en fermentation, applications aux transformations par les micro-organisms, Bull, Soc. Chim. Fr., 1, 24-34 (1980) @No $ @ @ Matthews R.J., Scott R.G., and Morgan S.L., Characterization of an enzymatic determination of arsenic (V) based on response surface methodology, Anal. Chim. Acta, 133, 169-182 (1981) @No $ @ @  Box G.E.P., Hunter W.G. and Hunter J.S. statistics for experiments, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 291-334 (1978) @No $ @ @  Akhnazarova S. and Kafarov V., Experiment optimization in chemistry and chemical engineering, Mir Publications, Moscow (1982) @No $ @ @  Box G.E.P and Wilson K.B., The experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., B13, 1-45, (1951) @No $ @ @  Khuri A.I., and Cornell J.A., Response surface: Design and analysis. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York (1987) @No 
<#LINE#>Changes in Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters following the Dredging of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, Imo State of Nigeria<#LINE#>G.N.@Iwuoha,L.C.@Osuji<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJCS-2011-204 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>19/9/2011<#LINE#>6/1/2012<#LINE#>In an attempt to study the environmental impact of dredging on water quality, surface water quality parameters were monitored from June 2008 to October 2010. Samples were collected before and after dredging. Collected samples were analysed from five stations within the study area. The water physico-chemistry prior to dredging was consistent with that of researches done previously in that area. As a result of dredging however, the pH of the dredged canal was decreased from a mean value of 6.5 to 6.04, similarly dissolved oxygen(DO) decreased from 13.88mg/l to 8.66mg/l, while TSS, BOD5 and COD5 decreased slightly after dredging. Acidity and alkalinity values did not show significant changes. Results of the ten-months post dredging monitoring of the Rivers water revealed that the water quality improved slightly during this period. The pH, DO, and TSS appreciated, while BOD5, COD5 turbidity, Total hardness, Acidity, Alkalinity, and Electrical conductivity depreciated to values close to pre-dredging concentration levels. We therefore concluded that the impact of dredging on the water quality is localised and short term.  <#LINE#> @ @  Iwuoha G.N., The impact of post dredging on surface water quality and sediment of Otamiri and Nworie rivers in Imo State of Nigeria. PhD thesis, university of Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria (2011) @No $ @ @  Todd D.K., Ground water Hydrogeology 2nd edition. (1959) @No $ @ @  Toumazis A.D., environmental impact dumping of dredged material at sea; a case study of the Limasol Port extension works, Wat. Sci. Technol., 32, 9-10 (1995) @No $ @ @  Ohimain E.I., Environmental Impacts of oil mining activities in the Niger Delta mangrove ecosystem, In the proceedings of the International Mine Water Association (IMWA) conference held in Johannesburg, South Africa, Mine Water and the Environment, 503-517 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ohimain E.I., Preservation of Niger Delta Wetland Resources Through proper handling and Rehabilitation of Abandoned Waste Sulfidic Dredge Spoils, In: Environmental Science and Technology, 3-12 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ohimain E.I., Available options for the bioremediation and restoration of abandoned pyritic dredge spoils causing the death of fringing mangroves in the Niger delta, In: Biohydrometallurgy; a sustainable technology in evolution, 475-481 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ohimain E.I., Environmental impacts of dredging in the Niger Delta, options for sediment relocation that will  mitigate acidification and enhance natural mangrove restoration, 97, 9-19 (2004) @No $ @ @  Ohimain E.I., Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated dredged spoil from a mangrove ecosystem in the Niger Delta, Ph.D. thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, (2001) @No $ @ @  Mohsen M.Y., Mahmoud T.H., Amale, and Talaat A.S., Investigating the impact of flow conditions on metal content in the bed sediment, Thirteenth international water technology conference, IWTC, 13, 983-997 (2009) @No $ @ @  Elijah I.O., Tunde O., and Dorcas D.S., Changes in Water Physico-Chemical Properties following the Dredging of an Oil Well Access Canal in the Niger Delta, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(6), 752-758 (2008) @No  
<#LINE#>Ternary Complexes of Cobalt(II) involving Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Some Biologically Active  Ligands<#LINE#>Hander@GazalaMohamedH.Ben<#LINE#>12-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJCS-2011-223 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Sirte University, Sirte, LIBYA  <#LINE#>17/1/2011<#LINE#>14/11/2011<#LINE#> Ternary complexes of cobalt(II) with nitrilotriacetic acis as a primary ligand and some selected mono- and dicarboxylic  acids as secondary ligands have been investigated by the potentiometric technique at T = 30ºC and I = 0.1 mol dm-3.  The ternary complexes are formed in a stepwise mechanism. Confirmation of the ternary complexes in solution has been carried out using conductometric measurements. The solid complexes of cobalt(II) involving nitrilotriacetic acid as a primary ligand and phthalic acid or benzoic acid as a secondary ligands were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and thermogravimetric analysis.  <#LINE#> @ @  Mojumdar S.C., Martiska L., Valigura D. and Melnik M., A study on Synthesis and Thermal, Spectral and Biological Properties of Carboxylato-Mg(II) and Carboxylato-Cu(II) Complexes with Bioactive Ligands,  J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 81, 243-248 (2005) @No $ @ @  Verma R.K., Verma L., Bhushan A. and Verma B.P., Thermal Decomposition of Complexes of Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II) with Triphenylphosphanes,  J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 90, 725-730 (2007) @No $ @ @  Charlot M.F., Kahn O., Jeannin S., Jeannin Y.,  Exchange Interaction in Roof-shaped Hydroxo-bridged Copper(II) Dimmers, Inorg. Chem., 19, 1411-1416 (1980) @No $ @ @  Sigel H., Operschall B.P., Massoud S.S., Song B. and Griesser R., Evidence for Intramolecular Aromatic-ring Stacking in the Physiological pH Range of the Monodeprotonated Xanthine Residue in Mixed-Ligand Complexes Containing Xanthosinate 5'-monophosphate,  Dalton Trans., 46, 5521-5529 (2006) @No $ @ @  Czakis-Sulikowska D.,  Czylkowska A., Radwanska-Doczekalska J., Grodzki  R.  and Wojciechowska E., Synthesis and Characterization of  New Metal(II) Complexes with Formats and Nitrogen Donor Ligands,  J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 90, 557-564 (2007) @No $ @ @  Bocarsly J.R. and Barton J.K., Protein Surface Recognition and Covalent Binding by Chromium Nitrilotriacetate complexes: Elucidation Using NMR and CD Spectroscopies, Inorg. Chem., 31, 2827-2832 (1992) @No $ @ @  Farver O. and Pecht I., Structure Reactivity Studies of Blue Copper Preteins Affinity Labeling of Electron Transfer Proteins by Transition Metal Coordination, Coord. Chem. Rev., 95, 17-23 (1989) @No $ @ @  Crowe J., Dobeli H., Gentz R., Hochuli E., Stuber D. and K. Henco, Methods Mol. Bio., 31, 371 (1994) @No $ @ @  Nieba-Axmann S.E., Persson A., Hamalainen M., Edebratt  F., Hansson A., Lidholm J. , Magnusson K., Karlsson A.F. and Pluckthun A.,  Blacore Analysis of Histidine-tagged  Proteins Using a Chelating NTA Sensor chip,  Anal. Biochem., 252, 217-222 (1997) @No $ @ @  Maloriery K.M.,  Shnek  D.R., Sasaki D.Y. and Arnold F.H., Fluorescence signaling of ligand binding and assembly in metal-chelating lipid membranes, Chem. Biol., 3, 185-192 (1996) @No $ @ @  Arnold H.F., Metal-affinity separations: a new dimension in protein processing, J Bio/Tech, 9, 151-156 (1991) @No $ @ @  Mendola M.E., Paul T., Strathmann T.J. and Carbonaro R.F., Investigation of the Kinetics of Aquation of the 1:2 Complex between Cr(III) and Nitrilotriacetic Acid Polyhedron, 28, 269-276 (2009) @No $ @ @  Umita H., Jitsukawa K., Masuda H. and  Einaga H., Structures and Electrochemical Properties of the Co(III) Ternary Complexes Containing NO3-type Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands and Amino Acids: Effect of The Outer Coordination Sphere on The Electrochemical Properties, Inorg Chim Acta., 283, 160-167 (1998) @No $ @ @  Hopgood D.  and Augelici R.J., Equilibrium and Stereochemical Studies of the Interactions of Amino Acids and Their Esters with Divalent Metal Nitrilotriacetate Complexes, J. Am Chem Soc, 90, 2508-2513 (1968) @No $ @ @  Souaya E.R., Ismail E.H, Mohamed A.A. and Milad N.E., Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Some Transition Metal Ternary Complexes, J. Therm. Anal. Cal.,  95, 253-258  (2009) @No $ @ @ Khalil M.M.H., Ismail E.H., Abdel-Azim S. and Souaya E.R., Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Analysis of Ternary Complexes of Nitrilotriacetic acid and Alanine or Phenylalanine with some Transition Metals, J. Therm. Anal. Cal.,  101, 129-134 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gonzalez M.L., Tercero J.M.,  Matilla A, Niclos-Gutirrez J., Fernandez M.T. and Lopez M.C., Cis- Dichloro(alpha,omega-diamino carboxylate ethyl ester)palladium(II) as Palladium(II) versus Platinum(II) Model Anticancer Drugs: Synthesis, Solution Equilibria of Their Aqua, Hydroxo, and/or Chloro Species, and in Vitro/in Vivo DNA-Binding Properties., Inorg Chem., 36, 1806-1811 (1997) @No $ @ @  Inagaki K., Kidani Y., Suzuki K. and Tashiro T., Platinum Complexes of Diaminocarboxylates and their Ethyl ester Derivatives: Antitumor Activity and Interaction with Deoxyribonucleic acid, Chem.  Pharm Bull., 28, 2286-2291 (1980) @No $ @ @  Majumder K and Bhattacharya S., Amino acid Complexes of Ruthenium: Synthesis, Characterization and Cyclic Voltammetric studies, Polyhedron, 18, 3669-3674 (1999) @No $ @ @  Das  A.K., Stabilities of Ternary Complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Involving Aminopolycarboxylic acids and HeteroaromaticN-bases as Primary Ligands and Benzohydroxamic  acid as a Secondary Ligand, Trans. Met. Chem., 15, 399-404 (1990) @No $ @ @  Bjerrum J., Metal Amine Complex Formation in Aqueous Solution; Haase: Copenhagen (1941) @No $ @ @  Calvine M. and Wilson K.W., Stability of Chelate Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67, 2003–2007 (1945) @No $ @ @  Irving H.M. and Rossotti H.S., Methods for Computing Successive Stability Constants from Experimental Formation Curves. J. Chem. Soc., 3397–3405 (1953) @No $ @ @ Irving H.M., Rossotti H.S., The Calculation of Formation Curves of  Metal Complexes from pH Titration Curves in Mixed Solvent., J. Chem. Soc., 2904 (1954) @No $ @ @ Chidambaram M.V. and Bhattacharya P.K., Studies in Amine-Amino Acid Mixed Ligand Chelates-I, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 32, 3271–3278 (1970) @No $ @ @ Mizuochi H., Shirakata S., Kyuno E. and Tschiya R., Studies on the Synthesis of Cobalt(II) Complex of Nitrilotriacetic Acid, Bull. Chem  Soc  Japan, 43, 397-403 (1970) @No $ @ @  Stefan S.L., El-Shetary B.A., Hanna W.G. and Maraphy S.B.,  J. Microchem., 35, 51 (1987) @No $ @ @ Tajmir-Riah H.A., Spectrochim. Acta., 38A, 10 (1982) @No $ @ @ Humbert B., Alnot M. and Quile` S.F., Infrared and Raman Spectroscopical Studies of Salicylic and Salicylate Derivatives in Aqueous Solution, J. Chromatogr`., A, 54, 465–476 (1998) @No 
<#LINE#>Idol immersion and Physico-Chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers, India<#LINE#>G.M.@Malik,V.H.@Raval,S.K.@Zadafiya,A.V.@Patel<#LINE#>21-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJCS-2011-237 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Navyug Science College, Surat – Gujarat, INDIA  <#LINE#>31/10/2011<#LINE#>6/1/2012<#LINE#>Ganesh chaturthi is one of the main festivals celebrated in India, it is the most celebrated in western India. After predetermined time idol is immersed in water bodies every year. As the extent of idol immersion increases with increasing population with limited water bodies hence water pollution increases, which is alarming situation. In present study total five sampling stations which were assessed in 2009 are assessed again in 2010 for its physico-chemical characteristics with respect to idol immersionsites from different cities of South Gujarat i.e. Surat, Navsari, Valsad, Autl-Pardi and Vapi. All the samples collected by means of composite sampling to know the physico-chemical quality of all river water. The analysis was carried out for pH, temperature, color, DO, COD, chloride, hardness, SS, TDS, conductivity, and phosphate parameters. The results obtained reveals that Tapi and Purna river water becomes acidic after idol immersion. Parameters like hardness, chloride, color, SS, TDS increases slightly after idol immersion in all rivers except Tapi river for TDS and SS. DO is decreasing drastically after the next day of idol immersion at all the rivers which is indication of pollution. The trend of increasing such parameters indicates that idol immersion affect the water quality to the extent with respect to self purification of water and flow of stream of the river. Overall water quality of all rivers before and after idol immersion found very good with respect to last year data.<#LINE#> @ @  Malik G.M., Raval V.H., Zadafiya S.K. and Patel A.V., Idol immersion and physico-chemical properties of South Gujarat rivers, Current World of Environment, 5(1), 173-176 (2010) @No $ @ @  Niranjan Karandikar et. al., The effects of immersion of Ganesh Idols on the water of Masunda Lake (2010) @No $ @ @  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1150148031.html @No $ @ @ www.mpcb.co.in 5. http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-86785.html @No $ @ @ Bajpai A., Vyas A., Verma N. and et al, Effect of idol immersion on water quality of twin lakes of Bhopal with special reference to heavy metals, Pollution Research 27(3), 517–522 (2008) @No $ @ @ Divyabhaskar newspaper dated 22/09/2010 and Gujarat Mitra Surat Edition dated 05 september (2010) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control federation, 19th, Washington, DC (1995) @No $ @ @  Maiti S.K., Handbook of Methods Environmental studies, Water and Wastewater analysis, 1, (1990) @No $ @ @  WHO’s  Guideline for Drinking Water Quality, set up in Geneva are the International reference point for Standard Setting and Drinking Water Safety (1993) @No $ @ @  http://kywater.org/ww/ramp/rmcl.htm @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Zinc Oxide Thin Film<#LINE#>I.A.@Ezenwa<#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJCS-2011-252 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Industrial Physics, Anambra State University, Uli, Anambra State, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>10/12/2011<#LINE#>30/1/2012<#LINE#> Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was  prepared by the electroless deposition method using aqueous solution of zinc acetate (Zn(CH3(00)2) as a starting material and EDTA disodium salt was employed as a complexing agent. The film was characterized for optical and morphological properties. From the results obtained, the film was found to have transmittance that increased gradually with wavelength in the VIS region of the solar spectrum, with about 0.85 (85%) at wavelength range of 600nm – 900nm. ZnO films were found to have strong absorption of about 0.75 at wavelength of 320nm that depreciates as the wavelength increased. The optical micrograph of the ZnO film illustrates the formation of submicrometer crystallites distributed more or less uniformly over the surface. The band gap of the ZnO film was found to be 3.00 eV.  <#LINE#> @ @  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Edition 53, CRC Press (1973) @No $ @ @  Anderson J. and Chris G.V., Fundamentals of zinc oxide as a semiconductor, Rep. Prog. Phys. 72, 126501, 2. (2009) @No $ @ @  Ozqur U., Alivov, Y.I., Liu C., Teke A., Reshchikov M.A., Dogan S., Avrutin V. and Cho S.J., A Comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices, Jour. Of Appl. Phy., 98, 04130 (2005) @No $ @ @  Hernandezbattez A., Gonzalez R., Viesca J., Fernandez  J., Diaz Fernandez  J., Machado  A., Chou R. and Riba J., CuO, ZrO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles as antiwear additives in oil Lubricants, Wear 265, 422,  (2008) @No $ @ @  Porter F., Zinc Handbook: Properties, Processing and use in Design, CRC Press (1991) @No $ @ @  Rossler U. Landolt-Bornstein, New Series, Group III, Springer Heidelberg, 17B, 22,  (1999) @No $ @ @  Klingshirn C., ZnO: Material, Physics and Applications, Chem Phys., Chem 8(6), 782 (2007) @No $ @ @  Moustaghfir A., Sputtered Zinc Oxide Coatings: Structural Study and Application to the Photo-protection of the Polycarbonate, Surface and Coatings Technology, 180-181, 642 (2004) @No $ @ @  Hua G., Fabrication of ZnO nanowire arrays by Cycle growth in Surfactantless aqueous Solution and their applications on dye-sensitized solar Cells, Material letters, 62, 4109 (2008) @No $ @ @  Lee J.H., Density-controlled Growth and field Emission Property of aligned ZnO nanorod array. Appl. Phys. A 97, 403 (2009) @No $ @ @  Oh Byeong-Yun, Jeong Min-Chang, Moon Tac-Hyoung Lee, Woong Myoung, Jae-Mn Hwang, Jeoung-Yeon and Seo Dac-Shik, Transparent Conductive Al-doped ZnO films for Liquid Crystal displays, Jour. Of Appl. Phys., 99,  124505 (2006) @No $ @ @  Heo Y.W., Tien L.C., Kwon Y., Norton D.P., Pearton S.J., Kang B.S. and Ren F., Depletion mode of ZnO nanowire Field Effect Transistor, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 2274 (2004) @No $ @ @  Mofor A. El-Shaer A., Bakin A., Waag A., Ahlers H., Siegner U., Sievers S. and Albrecht M, Magnetic Property Investigations on Mn-doped ZnO Layers on Sapphire, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87,  062501 (2005) @No $ @ @  Theye M., Thin Film Technology and Application in Optical Properties of Thin Films, K.L. Chopra and L.K. Malhota (eds) , Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 163 (1985) @No $ @ @  Ndukwe I.C., Sol. Ener. Mater. and Sol. Cells,  40,  123 (1996) @No $ @ @  Pankove J.I., Optical Processes in Semiconductors, Prentice-Hall, New York (1971) @No $ @ @  Hoffman R.L., ZnO-BasedTtransparent Thin-Film Transistor, Applied Physics Letters,  82 (2003) @No $ @ @  Zhu Y.Z., Chen G.D.  and Honggang Y., Electronic Structure and Phase Stability of MgO, ZnO, CdO and Related Ternary Alloys, Physical Review, 77, 245209  (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Eco-friendly Approach for a Facile Synthesis of o-Hydroxyphenylthiourea and its Property as an Analytical Reagent in Sensing Mercury (II)<#LINE#>A.@Sunil,S.@JagadeeswaraRao<#LINE#>30-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJCS-2012-002 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chem., Sri Sathya Sai Inst. of Higher Learning (Deemed to be University), Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, INDIA  <#LINE#>9/1/2012<#LINE#>13/1/2012<#LINE#> An efficient, eco-friendly synthesis of o-Hydroxyphenylthiourea(OHPTU) using microwave and ultrasound assisted methods are described. Green reaction conditions, uniform heating, short reaction time, high yield, high efficiency and convenient work up conditions are advantages of these methods. These merits are in congruence with the green chemistry requirements of energy saving, environmental safety aspects and using nonclassical energy forms. OHPTU undergoes auto-oxidation to form an yellow coloured disulphide, 1,1’-dithio-bis-N-(o-Hydroxyphenyl) formamide. The reaction is very slow and rate of formation of the coloured dimer increases with concentration of mercury(II) ions. Photometric and fluorometric methods were employed to study this reaction at pH 5.0 and the range of determination was determined to be 800nM–15nM using fixed time method. The absorbance measurements were taken at λmax=416nm and the quenching effect of mercury(II) on the fluorescence intensity of OHPTU was studied at λEm=520nm using Stern-Volmer plots. Effects of variation in pH, temperature, reagent concentration; role of activators and surfactants; and interference of associated metal ions in the catalysed oxidation of OHPTU are reported. This method is cost effective, fairly selective, sensitive and there is no need for any pre-concentration procedure. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury(II) present in stream water, ground water, fountain water, tap water and sludge water samples. <#LINE#> @ @  Quraishi M., Ansari F. and Jamal D., Thiourea Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Formic Acid, Mater. Chem. Phys., 77(3), 687-690 (2003) @No $ @ @  Mini V., Mathew C., Kuriakose A. and Francis D., Amidinothiourea as a Secondary Accelerator in a Binary System for the Sulphur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber, J. mat. sci., 30(8), 2049-2054 (1995) @No $ @ @  Leone R.E., Weber W.W. and Wrathall D.P., Acyl hydrazino Thiourea Derivatives as Photographic Nucleating Agents, Google Patents (1977) @No $ @ @  Yan Z., Cai X., Yang X., Song B., Chen Z., Bhadury S.P., Hu D., Jin L., Xue W. and Lu P., Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of Chiral Thiourea Derivatives, Chin. J. 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Ed., 43(46), 6250-6284 (2004) @No $ @ @  Loupy A., Petit A., Hamelin J., Texier-Boullet F., Jacquault P. and Mathe D., New Solvent-Free Organic Synthesis using Focused Microwaves, Synthesis, 1998(9), 1213-1234 (1998) @No $ @ @  Feigl F., Spot Tests in Organic Analysis, New York: Elsevier (1966) @No $ @ @  Rao S., Reddy G., Kumari J. and Reddy Y., Selective Spectrophotometric Kinetic Determination of Cobalt with o-Hydroxyphenylthiourea, Analyst, 111(2), 245-246 (1986) @No $ @ @  Sunil A. and Rao J.S., Spectrofluorometric Determination of Cu(II) Using OHPTU, a Novel    Fluorogenic Chemosensor, National Seminar on Recent Developments in Inorganic and Organic Materials and Electro-Organic Synthesis, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India (2010) @No $ @ @  Sunil A. and Rao J.S., Determination of Cadmium(II) in Aqueous Samples using Novel Chemo Sensor,  National Seminar on Emerging Trends in Electro Chemical Studies, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India (2011) @No $ @ @  Heng S., Gryncel K.R. and Kantrowitz E.R., A Library of Novel Allosteric Inhibitors against Fructose 1, 6-Bisphosphatase, Biorg. Med. Chem., 17(11), 3916-3922 (2009) @No $ @ @  Wolfbeis O.S., Fluorescence Spectroscopy: New Methods and Applications, Springer (1993) @No $ @ @      Kher Samir, Chavan Kamlesh, Medhi Santanu, Sharma Rajiv and Deka Nabajyoti, Microwave Mediated Dearylation of 2-Aryloxy-5-Nitropyridine, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(6), 84-87 (2011) @No $ @ @     Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 1-5  (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Acute Toxicity of Mercury (HgCl2) to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus<#LINE#>P.@Guedenon,A.P.@Edorh,A.S.Y.@Hounkpatin,C.G.@Alimba,A.@Ogunkanmi,E.G.@Nwokejiegbe,M.@Boko<#LINE#>41-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJCS-2012-006 Done.pdf<#LINE#>1 1Interfaculty Centre of Training and Research in Environment for Sustainable Development (CIFRED), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC),  03 BP 1463, Jéricho, Cotonou BENIN @ Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN @ Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, university of Lagos, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>15/1/2012<#LINE#>30/1/2012<#LINE#> In order to assess the acute toxicity of mercury on Clarias gariepinus, 108 fish of mean weight 51.27 g ± 2.01 and mean length 20. 2 cm ± 0.72 were divided into six groups of six fish each. The different groups were exposed to the different concentrations of 0 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1 mg/L et 1.50 mg/L for a period of 96 hours. The experiment was triplicated. The results revealed that all the fish of groups exposed to 0 mg/L of HgCl2 (control) survived whereas all the fish of groups exposed to 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L died. The determination of 96 hours LC50 was carried out by computing the mortality results in Probit program of SPSS (version 17.0). The median lethal concentration was 0.60 mg/L with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.135 mg/L and 3.519 mg/L respectively at 95%.<#LINE#> @ @  Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S., Fadadu B. and Bhattacharya Priya,  Heavy metal concentrations in street and leaf deposited dust in Anand city, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 1(5), 61-66, (2011) @No $ @ @  Adamu C.I., Nganje T.N., Ukwang E.E., Ibe K.A. and  Neji P.,  A Study of the Distribution pattern of Heavy metals in surface soils around Arufu Pb-Zn mine, Northeastern Nigeria, Using Factor  Analysis,  Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 70-80 (2011) @No $ @ @  Babu G. R., Reddy B. M., Ramana N.V. and Sashidhar C., Effect of Heavy metal and Magnesium Sulfate on Properties of Blended Cement Mortar, Res.J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 27-32 (2011) @No $ @ @  Ujowundu C.O., Kalu F.N., Nwaoguikpe R.N., Kalu O.I., Ihejirika C.E., Nwosunjoku E.C.,Okechukwu R.I., Biochemical and Physical Characterization of Diesel Petroleum Contaminated Soil in South-eastern Nigeria, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(8), 57-62, (2011) @No $ @ @  Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O. Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 1(9), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @  Olaifa F.E. Olaifa A.K., and Onwude T.E., Lethal and sub-lethal effects of copper to the African catfish (Clarians Gariepinus) Juveniles,  African Journal of Biomedical Research, 7, 65 -70 (2004) @No $ @ @  Sunderland E.M. and Chmura G.L., An inventory of historical mercury emissions in Maritime Canada: Implications for present and future contamination, The Science of the Total Environment, 256, 39-57 (2000) @No $ @ @  Angle C.R. and Mcintire M.S., Red cell lead, whole blood lead, and red cell enzymes, Environmental Health Perspectives, 7, 133-137 (1974) @No $ @ @  Micryakov V.R. and Lapirova T.B., Influence of salts of some heavy metals on the differential blood count in juvenile Acipenser baeri,  J. Ichthyol., 37(6), 458-462 (1997) @No $ @ @  Odiete W.O., Environmental Physiology of Animals and Pollution. First Edition. Diversified Resources Limited, Lagos (1999) @No $ @ @  UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program), Estimation of the lethal toxicity of pollutants in marine fish and invertebrates, Reference methods for marine pollution studies, 43, 27 (1989) @No $ @ @  ASTM (American Society for Testing of Materials) Method 729-90, Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Test with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians, ASTM, Philadelphia, 403-422 (1991) @No $ @ @  Okomoda J., AyubaV.O. and Omeji S., Heamatological Changes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)Fingerlings Exposed To Acute Toxicity of Formalin, PAT 2010; 6 (1), 92-10 (2010) @No $ @ @ Standing Committee of Analysts, Acute Toxicity testing with aquatic organisms. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. (1981) @No $ @ @  Ward G.S. and Parrish P.R., Manual of methods in aquatic environmental research, Part 6, Toxicity Tests, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 185 FIRI/T185 (1982) @No $ @ @  Datta M. and Kaviraj A., Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid Deltamethrin to Freshwater Catfish Clarias gariepinus, Bull. Environment Toxicol, 70, 296-29 (2002) @No $ @ @  Fafioye O.O., Adebisi A.A. and Fagade S.O., Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extracts on Clarias gariepinus juveniles,  African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(11), 627-630 (2004) @No $ @ @  Guedenon P., Edorh P.A., Hounkpatin A. S.Y., Alimba C. G, Ogunkanmi A.,  Boko M., Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 5(6), 2497-2501 (2011) @No $ @ @  Hirt L.M. and Domitrovic, H.A. Toxicidad yrespuesta histopatológica en Aequidens portalegrensis (Pisces, Cichlidae) expuesto a bicloruro de mercurio en ensayos de toxicidad aguda y subletales. Reunion de communicaciones scientificas tecnologicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, 1999, Anais... Tomo IV (Ciências Veterinárias), 19-22 (1999) @No $ @ @  Slabbert J.L. and Venter E.A., Biological assays for aquatic toxicity testing. Wat. Sci.Tech., 39(10-11) , 367-373 (1999) @No $ @ @  Shyong W.J. and Chen H.C., Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and mercury to the freshwater fish Varicorhinus barbatulus and Zacco barbata, Acta Zool, Taiwanica, 11(1), 33-45 (2000) @No $ @ @  Ishikawa N.M., Ranzani-Paiva M.J.T., Lombardi J.V., Acute toxicity of mercury (hgcl2) to Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, B, Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 33(1), 99 – 104 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ayuba V.O., Ofojekwu P.C., Acute toxicity of the root extract of Jimsons Weed Datura innoxia to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus,  Journals of Aquatic Sciences, 17(2), 131-133 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ezike C, Ufodike E.B.C., Acute toxicityof petrol to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, Annals of research in Nigeria, 6, 1-4 (2008) @No $ @ @  Lawson E.O., Ndimele P/E., Jimoh A.A., Whenu O.O., Acute Toxicity of Lindane (Gamma Hexachloro Cyclohexane) to African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(2), 63-68 (2011) @No $ @ @  Oti E.E., Acute Toxicity of cassava mill effluent to the African catfish fingerlings, .Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 20(2), 134-137 (2002) @No $ @ @  Oshode O.A., Bakare A.A., Adeogun A.A., Sowunmi A.A., Ecotoxicological Assessment using Clarias gariepinus and Microbial Characterization of Leachate from Municipal Solid Landfill, International Journal of Environmental Research, 2(4), 391-400 (2008) @No $ @ @  Ofojekwu P.C., Effects of sublethal concentrations of Datura innoxia leaf on weight gain in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 20(2) (2005) @No $ @ @  Omitoyin B.O., Metabolic effects of malachite green on Clarias gariepinus juveniles, Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2, 422-460 (2007) @No $ @ @  Valee B.I. and Ulmer H.D., Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium and lead, Annu.Rev. Biochem., 41, 91-128, (1972) @No
<#LINE#>AAS Estimation of Heavy Metals and Trace elements in Indian Herbal Cosmetic Preparations<#LINE#>Sukender@Kumar,Jaspreet@Singh,Sneha@Das,Munish@Garg<#LINE#>46-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJCS-2012-010 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, INDIA  <#LINE#>21/1/2012<#LINE#>27/1/2012<#LINE#> In present study, heavy metals like Pb, Cd and trace (micronutrients) metals like Ca, Mg, Al, Cu and Zn were quantitatively estimated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Also, heavy metals such as As and Hg were estimated by hydride generation technique (cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry) using nitrogen as carrier gas in 21 herbal cosmetic preparations sold in Indian market. The results indicate that among the toxic heavy metals, two samples for Hg content and six for Pb content were exceeding the WHO permissible limits fixed for herbal preparations. Arsenic was found appreciably well below the permissible limit, but Cd was found above the permissible limit in the all samples. Trace elements like Ca and Mg were found in higher amount than Al, Cu, and Zn.  Presence of trace elements can prove to be beneficial but presence of toxic heavy metals in such amounts surely has adverse effects on the consumer health who always take the herbal products in an impression of being safe because of the natural origin. In conclusion, enforcement of strict and separate regulatory guidelines and promotion of Good analytical practice (GAP), good manufacturing practices (GMP) and good agricultural and control practices (GACP) is suggested for herbal cosmetics by WHO and other regulatory agencies. This study presents the status of heavy metals and trace elements in marketed herbal cosmetic formulations and also provides a simple and convenient AAS method which can effectively be adopted at Industrial level for the quality control and standardization of herbal cosmetic preparations and other related products.    <#LINE#> @ @  Kapoor V.P. Herbal cosmetic for skin and hair care, Nat. Prod. Radiance.  4(4), 306-312 (2005) @No $ @ @  Ernst E. Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines, Trends Pharmacol. Sc. 23, 136-139 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ayenimo J.G., Yusuf A.M., Adekunle A.S. and Makinde O.W. Heavy Metal Exposure from Personal Care Products, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 84, 8–14 (2010) @No $ @ @  WHO. Environmental Health Criteria: International Programme on Chemical Safety. World Health Organization, Geneva. Pp 165 (1995) @No $ @ @  Ajayi S.O., Oladipo M.O.A., Ogunsuyi H.O. and Adebayo A.O., Determination of the minor and trace elements in Biriniwa tin pyrite and ornamental lead/zinc ore using neutron activation analysis, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia. 16(2), 207-211 (2002) @No $ @ @  Nanorom I.C., Igwe T.C. and Oji-Nnorom C.G., Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 4(10), 1133-1138 (2005) @No $ @ @  Health Canada, Draft guidance on heavy metal impurities in cosmetics, Section 4 @No $ @ @  Nwoko C.O. and Mgbeahuruike L., Heavy metal contamination of ready-to-use herbal remedies in south eastern Nigeria, Pak. J. Nutr., 10(10), 959-964 (2011) @No $ @ @ Al-Omari S., Determination of essential and toxic trace elements in ten herbal medicines using energy-dispersive XRF analysis, X-Ray Spectrom, 40, 31–36 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gomez M.R., Cerutti S., Somb L.L., Silva M.F. and Martınez L.D., Determination of heavy metals for the quality control in Argentinian herbal medicines by ETAAS and ICP-OES, Food and Chem. Toxicol., 45, 1060-1064 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ajasa A.M.O., Bellob M.O., Ibrahimb A.O., Ogunwandea I.A. and Olaworeb N.O., Heavy trace metals and macronutrients status in herbal plants of Nigeria, Food Chemistry,  85(1), 67-71 (2004) @No $ @ @  Sharma D.K., Rai S., Arora S.S., Gupta P.M., Sharma R. and Chopra A.K. Study of the trace elements in Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbandensis Miller) viz. Liliaceae and its biological and environmental importance, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(3), 64 (2011) @No $ @ @  Farr G., The hair tissue mineral analysis/why heavy metals are a hazard to your health, Updated 31Dec., (2009) Available from: (http://www.becomehealthynow.com/ ebookprint.php?id=122)  @No $ @ @  Naithani V., Pathak N. and Chaudhary M. Evaluation of heavy metals in two major ingredients of Ampucare, Int. J. Pharm. Sc. Drug Res.,  2(2), 137-144 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Polyacrylamide<#LINE#>N.@Manimaran,S@Rajendran.,M.@Manivannan,S.@JohnMary<#LINE#>52-57<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJCS-2012-015 Done.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>27/1/2012<#LINE#>2/1/2012<#LINE#> The inhibition efficiency (IE) of Polyacrylamide (PAA) in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in ground water in the absence and presence of Zn2+ has been evaluated by weight loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm PAA and 50 ppm Zn2+ has 98% IE. It is found that the inhibition efficiency (IE) of PAA increases by the addition of Zn2+ ion. A synergistic effect exists between PAA and Zn2+. The mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition have been studied using polarization study. Also FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists of Fe2+ – PAA complex and Zn (OH)2. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study confirms the protection of carbon steel surface by strong adsorption of PAA. A suitable mechanism for corrosion inhibition is proposed based on the results from the above studies.  <#LINE#> @ @  Thomas G.N., Some New New Fundamental Aspects in Corrosion inhibition, 5th Euro. Symp. Corr. Inhibitors, Ferrara, Italy , 453 (1981) @No $ @ @  Doneelly B.D., Downie T.C., Grzeskowaik R., Hamburg H.R. and Short D., Corr. Sci., 38, 109 (1997) @No $ @ @  Tadros A.B., and  Abdel-Naby Y.,, J. Electroanal. Chem., 224, 433 (1988) @No $ @ @  Subramanyam N.C., Sheshadri B.S., and Mayanna S.M., Corr. Sci., 34,  563 (1993) @No $ @ @  UmorenS.A., Ogbobe O., Igwe I.O., and Ebenso E.E., Inhibition of Mild steel corrosion in acidic medium using synthetic and naturally occurring polymers and synergistic halide additives, Corr. Sci., 50 (7), 1998 – 2006 (2008) @No $ @ @  Srimathi M., Rajalakshmi R., and Subhashini R.,  Polyvinyl alcohol – sulphanilic acid water soluble composite as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium, Arab. J. Chem., (2010) @No $ @ @   Umoren S.A., Solomon M.M., Udosoro I.I. and Udoh A.P., Synergistic and antagonistic effects between halide ions and carboxymethyl cellulose for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution, Corr. Sci., 17 (3), 635 – 648 (2010) @No $ @ @  Gelling V.J., Wiest M.M., Dennis E. Tallman, Bierwagen G.P. and Wallace G.G., Electroactive-conducting polymers for corrosion control studies of poly(3-octyl pyrrole) and poly(3-octadecyl pyrrole) on aluminum 2024-T3, Pro. Org. Coatings, 43 (1-3), 149 – 157 (2001) @No $ @ @  Srivastava V., Banerjee S., Singh M.M.,  Inhibitive effect of polyacrylamide grafted with fenugreek mucilage on corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 AT 350C, J.Appl.poly.Sci.,116 (2), 810-816 (2010) @No $ @ @  Umoren S.A.,, Corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloy 3SR in HCl by polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylaide: Effect of molecular structure on inhibition efficiency, Sur.Rev. Lett., 16 (6), 831-844 (2009) @No $ @ @  Shylesha B.S., Venkatesha T.V., and Praveen B.M., Corrosion Inhibition Studies of Mild Steel by New Inhibitor in Different Corrosie Medium, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 46-50 (2011) @No $ @ @  Sharma Pooja, Upadhyay R.K., and Chaturvedi Alok, A Comparitive study of corrosion inhibitors efficiency of some newly synthesized Mannich bases with their parent amine for Al in HCl solution, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 29-35 (2011) @No $ @ @  James A.O., and Alaranta O., Inhibition of Corrosion of Zinc in Hydrochloric acid solution by Red Onion Skin Acetone Extract, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 31-37 (2011) @No $ @ @  Malik G.M., Joshi M.P., Zadafiya S.K. and Raval V.H., Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2 (1), 83-85 (2012) @No $ @ @  Wranglen G., Introduction to corrosion and protection of metals (Chapman and Hall, London) 236 (1985) @No $ @ @  Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H., Electrochemical study of corrosion inhibition and adsorption behaviour for pure iron by polyacrylamide in H2SO4, Corr. Sci., 52 (5), 1777 – 1786 (2010) @No $ @ @  Agnesia Kanimozhi S., and Rajendran S.,, Inhibitive properties of sodium tungstate – Zn (II)  system and its synergism with HEDP, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 4, 353-368 (2009) @No $ @ @  Umoren S.A., Ebenso E.E., The synergistic effect of polyacrylamide and iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4, Matt.Chem.Phys., 106 (2-3), 387-393 (2007) @No $ @ @  Rajendran S., Apparao B.V., Palanisamy N., Mechanism of inhibition of corrosion of mild steel by polyacrylamide, phenyl phosphonate and Zn (II) , Anti.Corr. Met. Mater., 46 (2), 111-116 (1999) @No $ @ @  Joseph Raj X., and Rajendran N., Corrosion inhibition effect of substituted thiadiazoles on brass, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 348-366 (2011) @No $ @ @  Rajendran S., Apparao B.V., Palanisamy N., Synergistic and biocidal effects of 1-hydroxy ethane-1, 1-diphosphate, Zn (II) and polycrylamide on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in neutral aqueous environment,  Anti.Corr. Met. Matt., 45 (4),  256-261 (1998) @No $ @ @  Gopraman  M., N.Selvakumaran, D.Kesavan, R.Karvembu, Adsorption and corrosion inhibition behaviour of  N- (phenylcarbamothioyl) benzamide on mild steel in acidic medium,  Pro.Org.Coating., 73 (1), 104 – 111 (2012) @No $ @ @  Ph. Dumas, Butfffakhreddine B., C.Am.O., Vatel, E.,  Galindo R., and Salvan F., Quantitative microroughness analysis down to the nanometer scale, Europhys. Lett., 22, 717-722 (1993) @No $ @ @  Manivannan M., Rajendran S. and Krishnaveni A., Inhibition of Corrosion of Carbon steel by Thiourea – Zn (II) System in Natural Sea Water, Int. J. Mod. Engg. Res., 1 (2) , 570-579 (2011) @No $ @ @  Weihua Li, Lichao Hu, Shengtao Zhang and Baorong Hou, Effects of two fungicides on the corrosion resistrance of copper in 3.5% NaCl solution under various conditions, Corr. Sci., 53 (2), 735-745 (2011) @No $ @ @   Manivannan M. and Rajendran S., Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon steel by Succinic acid – Zn (II) system,  Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1 (8), 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @  Manivannan M., and Rajendran S., Thiourea – Zn (II) system as Corrosion inhibitor for Carbon steel in Marine media, J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci., 1 (2),  241-249 (2011) @No $ @ @  Manivannan M., Rajendran S.,  and Prabhakar P., Oxalic acid – Zn (II) system as corrosion inhibitor for Carbon steel in Marine media, J. Electrochem. Soc. India., 60 (3), 105-114 (2011) @No $ @ @  Mary Anbarasi C., and Rajendran S., Surface protection of carbon steel by pentane sulphonic acid – Zn (II) system, J. Electrochem. Soc. India., 60 (3), 115-122 (2011) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Triple Point Behavior of Ammonia under Compression<#LINE#>A.O.@Gezerman,B.D.@Corbacioglu<#LINE#>58-60<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2011-218 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Yildiz Technical University, Chemical-Metallurgical Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, TURKEY  <#LINE#>8/8/2011<#LINE#>18/11/2011<#LINE#> Liquid ammonia has several industrial uses. Based on the end use, ammonia solutions of varying concentrations are used commercially. There are several methods to liquefy ammonia. However, the most preferred method for liquefying anhydrous ammonia is the use of a two stage, two- cylinder compressor. In this study, we designed a new ammonia compressor based on our examination of compressor designs comprising more than one stage and cylinder. Further, our investigation of the thermodynamic behavior of ammonia at high pressures also influenced our compressor design.  <#LINE#> @ @  Yurtseven H. and Karacali H., Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Molar Volume in Solid Phases of Ammonia near the Melting Point,  J. Mol. Liq., 142, (1-3), 88-94 (2008) @No $ @ @  Savas S. and Yalcin E., Tek ve Cift Kademeli Amonyakli Soğutma Sistemlerinde Daha Basit Donanim Imkanlari, Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 94, 5-16 (2006) @No $ @ @  Bartholomeus T.M.C., Two Stage Piston Compressors with Individual Cylinder Connection, Online : http://www.grasso.nl/en-us/News-and-Media/technical-articles-Grasso/Pages/two-Stagepistoncompressors.aspx @No $ @ @  Kucuksahin F., Teknik Formuller, Beta, (1), 192 (1989) @No $ @ @  Haar L., Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia as an Ideal Gas, J. Res. N. Res. N. Bureau St. A. Phys. Chem., 72A, 2 (1968) @No $ @ @  Harrison R.H. and Kobe K.A., Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia, Chem. Eng. Progress, 49, 351(1953) @No $ @ @  Haar L. and Gallagher J.S.,Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 7(3), (1978) @No $ @ @  Kirshenbaum I. and Harold C., The Differences in the Vapor Pressures, Heats of Vaporization, and Triple Points of Nitrogen (14) and Nitrogen (15) and of Ammonia and Trideuteroammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 10, 706-709 (1942) @No $ @ @  Yurtseven H. and Salihoglu S., Critical Behavior of Ammonia near the Melting Point, Chin. J. Phys., 40, 4 (2002) @No $ @ @ Glasser L., Equations of State and Phase Diagrams of Ammonia, J. Chem. Educ., 86, 1457 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Recovery of Metal Value from Electroplating Sludge<#LINE#>D.J.@Garole,V.J.@Garole,D.S.@Dalal<#LINE#>61-63<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2011-254 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Organic Chemistry North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon–425 001, MH, INDIA  @ K.E.S. Late S.P. Jain Jr. College Nagothane, Tal Roha, Dist. Raigad 402106, MH, INDIA  <#LINE#>22/12/2011<#LINE#>3/1/2012<#LINE#> A huge amount of metals has been generated in electroplating waste. The metal content in these wastes is sometimes very high and it is, therefore, economically viable to extract and recycle them due to their value as a process credit. Moreover, these wastes are regarded as hazardous because of the leachability of hazardous components. Sulfuric acid is a very effective leaching agent for metal-bearing hydroxide materials. The leaching operation is performed at ambient pressure and without external heating with constant stirring. Leaching time was 30 minutes, followed by solid - liquid separation. The filtrate typically contains better than 99% of the metal values available from the sludge. Selective precipitations for the separation and recovery of soluble metal components common to electroplating sludge’s has been developed the separation of Iron & Chromium from the Nickel solution. At ambient temperature (20°C), ferric phosphate will precipitate cleanly in the presence of Chromium and Nickel cations through the pH range 1.5 to 2.0.Further more from solution, chromic phosphate can be made to precipitate through approximately the same pH range by heating the solution to 50 to 60°C. The individual chromium phosphate particles are spherical in shape which results in excellent filterability and minimum surface adsorption of other ionic species. After separation of Iron and Chromium, Nickel was recovered as its salt and recovery was 98.7%.  <#LINE#> @ @  Kumar Vinay, Abbas, Abul K, Fausto, Nelson Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition, Elsevier Saunders, Retrieved  Anemia, 03-14  (2005) @No $ @ @  Durupt S., Durieu I., Nové J.R., Bencharif L., Rousset H. and Vital D.D., Hereditary hemochromatosis, Rev Med Interne, 21(11), 961–71 (2000) @No $ @ @  Brar S., Henderson D., Schenck J. and Zimmerman E.A., Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of patients with Alzheimer disease and parkinsonism, Archives of neurology, 66(3), 371–4 (2009) @No $ @ @  Dahnke O.R., Removal of Iron from Acidic Aqueous Solutions, M.S., Thesis, Montana College of Mineral 342, Science and Technology, 137 (1985) @No $ @ @  Twidwell L.G., Metal Value Recovery from Metal Hdroxide Sludges, Report for EPA Projects R-80930501 and R-80173601, Montana College of Mineral Science and Techology, November, 290 (1984) @No $ @ @  Dahnke D.R., Twidwell L.G. and Robins R.G., Selective Iron Removal from Process Solutions by Phosphate Prectpitaton, CIM 16th Annual Hydrometallurgical Fleeting, Toronto, Canada, October (1986) @No $ @ @   Arthur B., Recovery of Metal Values from Iron, Chromium, Nickel Solutions, M.S. Thesis, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, August (1986) @No $ @ @  Nordwick S., Conversion of Phosphate Solids into Hydroxides, M.S. Thesis, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, August (1986) @No $ @ @  Chemical Market Reporter, January 6, Schnell Publishing Company, Inc., New York, NY 343 (1986) @No $ @ @  Lazaridis N.K., Bakayannakis D.N., Deliyianni E.A., Chromium (VI) sorptive   removal from   aqueous solution by nano crystalline akaganeite, Chemosphere  (58) 6573 (2005) @No $ @ @  Senthikumar R., Vijaraghavan K., Jegan J. and Velan M., Batch and column removal of total chromium from aqueous solution using Sargassum polycystum, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, DOI: 10.1002/ep.10416 (2010) @No $ @ @  Konstantinos D., Achilleas C., Evgenia V., Removal of nickel, copper, zinc and chromium from synthetic and industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation, International Journal of  Environmental Sciences  1(5) (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>The Performance of a Solar Water Distillation Kit fabricated from Local materials<#LINE#>J.O.@Ozuomba,C.C.@Edebeatu,M.F.@Opara,M.C.@Udoye,N.A.@Okonkwo<#LINE#>64-67<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2011-256 Done.pdf<#LINE#>1 1Solar Water Distillation Group, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Elele, NIGERIA @ Department of Science Education, Anambra State University, Uli, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>25/12/2011<#LINE#>7/1/2012<#LINE#> There is an urgent need for clean, pure drinking water in many countries. Often water sources are brackish and there are many costal locations where sea water is abundant but potable water is not abundant. Pure water is also needed in some industries, hospitals and schools. Distillation is one of the processes that can be used for water purification and solar radiation can be the source of heat energy. A roof-type solar water distillation (RSWD) kit was fabricated and tested under actual environmental conditions of Urualla, an ancient town in the Eastern part of Nigeria. The system includes four major components; a rectangular wooden basin, an absorber surface, a glass roof and a condensate channel. The RSWD was able to generate 2.3m3 of distilled water within six days. Though the condensate was not large enough compared to human need as is peculiar to many solar stills, the efficiency can be enhanced by using large solar absorber surface and by any method that can increase radiant energy.  <#LINE#> @ @  Vaishnav M.M. and Dewangan S., Assessment of water quality status in reference to statistical parameters in different aquifers of balco industrial area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @  Bathusa M.I. and Saseetharan M.K., Statistical study of physic–chemical characteristics of ground water Coimbatore south zone, Indian J environ. Prot., 26(6), 508 – 515 (2006) @No $ @ @  Sharma S., Vishwakarma R., Dixit S. and Jain P., Evaluation of water quality of narmada river with reference to physico-chemical parameters at Hoshangabad city, MP, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 40-48 (2011) @No $ @ @  Murhekar G.H., Assessment of physico-chemical status of ground water samples in Ako city, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 117 - 124 (2011) @No $ @ @  Shama S., Iffat N., Mohammad I.A. and Safia A., Monitoring of physico-chemical and microbial analysis of under ground water samples of district Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi-Pakistan, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 24 - 30 (2011) @No $ @ @  Trevett A.F., Carter R. and Tyrrel S., Water quality deterioration: A study of household drinking water quality in rural Honduras, Int J Environ Health Res., 14, 273-283 (2004) @No $ @ @  Dieter H.H. and Muckter H., Assessment of so called organic trace compounds in drinking water from the regulatory, health and aesthetic-quality points of view, with special consideration given to pharmaceuticals, Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz, 50, 322-331 (2007) @No $ @ @  Hikmet S. A., Mathematical modelling of an inclined solar water distillation system, Desalination, 190, 63–70 (2006) @No $ @ @  Adel M.A.D., Experimental and numerical performance of a multi-effect condensation-evaporation solar solar water distillation system, Energy, 31, 2710-2727 (2006) @No $ @ @  Karl B., Solar energy used for domestic water and/or space heating or for seawater desalination plants, Patent number: DE 19933050 (2004) @No $ @ @  Rodriguez L.G., Palmero-Marreroa A.I. and Gbmez-Camachob C., Comparison of solar thermal technologies for applications in seawater desalination, Desalination, 142, 135-142 (2002) @No $ @ @  Reali M., Solar barometric distillation for seawater desalinating Part II: Analysis of one-stage and two stage distillation technologies, Desalination, 190, 29-42 (2006) @No $ @ @  Chafik E., A new seawater desalination process using solar energy, Desalination, 15, 325-337 (2002) @No $ @ @  Xuyun W., Lin Z., Huajian Y., Huanlin C., Feasibility research of potable water production via solar-heated hollow fibre membrane distillation system, Desalination, 247, 403-411 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Thermal investigation of the interaction between Phenyl Dithiocarbamate and mushroom tyrosinase<#LINE#>M.@Mirzaie,G.@RezaeiBehbehani,L.@Barzegar,M.@Mehreshtiagh,A.A.@Saboury,Z.@RezaeiBehbehani<#LINE#>68-70<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2011-260 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, faculty of science, Islamic azad university, Takestan branch, Takestan, IRAN @ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN  <#LINE#>12/1/2012<#LINE#>16/1/2012<#LINE#> A comprehensive, simple and rapid thermodynamic study on the interaction of Mushroom Tyrosinase (MT) with Phenyl Dithiocarbamate by using isothermal titration calorimetry at 27 and 37°C in phosphate buffer (10 mM) at pH 6.8, was carried out to see whether Phenyl Dithiocarbamate induced conformational change of Mushroom Tyrosinase and how changes by ligand binding were occurred. The extended solvation theory can be used to elucidate the stability of enzyme by Phenyl Dithiocarbamate. The negative change of the Gibbs free energy at two temperatures of 27 and 37°C shows that the binding process in both temperatures are spontaneous. The obtained results indicate that there are two identical and non-cooperative binding sites for Phenyl dithiocarbamate.  <#LINE#> @ @  Rescigno A., Sollai F., Pisu B., Rinaldi A. and Sanjust E., Tyrosinase Inhibition: General and Applied Aspects., J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Chem., 17(4), 207-218 (2002) @No $ @ @   Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A.A. and Taleshi E.,  Determination of partial unfolding enthalpy for lysozyme upon interaction with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide using an extended solvation model, J. Mol. Recogn, 21, 132-135 (2008) @No $ @ @   Rezaei Behbehani  G., Divsalar A., Saboury A.A. and Hekmat A., A thermodynamic study on the binding of PEG-stearic acid copolymer with lysozyme, J. Solution Chem., 38, 219-229 (2009) @No $ @ @   Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A.A. and Yahaghi E., A thermodynamic study of Nickel ion interaction with bovine carbonic anhydrase II molecule, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 100, 283-288 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A.A., Barzegar L., Zarean O., Abedini J. and Payehghdr M., A thermodynamic study on the interaction of nickel ion with myelin basic protein by isothermal titration calorimetry, J. Therm. Anal. Cal. 101, 379-384 (2010) @No $ @ @   Rezaei Behbehani G., Divsalar A., Saboury A.A., Faridbod F. and Ganjali M.R., A thermodynamic study on the binding of human serum albumin with lanthanum ion, Chin. J. Chem. 28, 159-163 (2010) @No $ @ @   Saboury A.A., A review on the ligand binding studies by isothermal titration calorimetry, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 3, 1-21 (2006) @No $ @ @   Divsalar A., Saboury A.A. and Moosavi-Movahedi A.A., Conformational and structural analysis of bovine β-lactoglobulin-A upon Interaction with Cr+3, Protein J., 25, 157-165 (2006) @No $ @ @   Saboury A.A., Atri M.S., Sanati M.H., Moosavi-Movahedi A.A., Hakimelahi G.H. and Sadeghi M., A thermodynamic study on the interaction between magnesium ion and human growth hormone, Biopolymers, 81, 120-126 (2006) @No $ @ @   Saboury A.A., Atri M.S., Sanati M.H. and Sadeghi M., Application of a simple calorimetric data analysis on the binding study of calcium ions by human growth hormone, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 83, 175-179 (2006) @No $ @ @   Tazikeh E., Rezaei-Behbehani G., Saboury A.A., Monajjemi M., Zafar-Mehrabian R., Ahmadi-Golsefidi M., Rajabzadeh H., Baei M.T. and Hasanzadeh S., Thermodynamic studies of the binding of mercuric ion to human Growth Hormone at the different of temperatures, J. Solution Chem., 40, 575-586 (2011) @No $ @ @   Rezaei Behbehani G., Divsalar A., Saboury A.A., Hajian R., Rezaei Z., Yahaghi E. and  Barzegar L., A thermodynamic study on the binding of Cobalt and iron ions with bovine carbonic anhydrase II molecule at different temperatures, J Solution Chem., 39, 1142-1152 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Research on Thermodynamic aspect of the Binding of p-Phenylene-bis dithiocarbamate to Mushroom Tyrosinase<#LINE#>G.@RezaeiBehbehani,L.@Bazegar,M.@Mehreshtiagh,M.@Mohebian<#LINE#>71-73<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2012-005 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IRAN @ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Takestan, IRAN  <#LINE#>12/1/2012<#LINE#>30/1/2012<#LINE#> The binding properties and structural changes of mushroom tyrosinase enzyme, MT, due to its interaction with p-phenylene-bis dithiocarbamate (I) was investigated at 27 and 37°C in phosphate buffer (10 mmol.L-1) at pH 6.8 by isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC). The extended solvation model was used to calculate the solvation parameters, which were attributed to the stability of enzyme. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the binding of I to MT essentially depends on electrostatic interactions. It was concluded that MT has two distinct sites for p-phenylene-bis and phenyl dithiocarbamate.  <#LINE#> @ @  Rescigno A., Sollai F., Pisu B., Rinaldi A., and Sanjust E. Tyrosinase Inhibition: General and Applied Aspects., J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Chem., 17(4), 207-218 (2002) @No $ @ @  Alijanianzadeh M., Saboury A.A., Mansouri-Torshizi H., Haghbeen K., and Moosavi-Movahedi A.A. The inhibitory effect of some new synthesized xanthates on mushroom tyrosinase, J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Chem., 22(2), 239-246 (2007) @No $ @ @  Saboury A.A., Enzyme Inhibition and Activation: A general theory, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 6(2), 219-229 (2009) @No $ @ @  Amin E., Saboury A.A., Mansouri-Torshizi H., Zolghadri S., and Bordbar A-Kh.  Evaluation of p-phenylene-bis and phenyl dithiocarbamate sodium salts as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 57(3), 277-283 (2010) @No $ @ @  Amin E., Saboury A.A., Mansouri-Torshizi H. and Moosavi-Movahedi. Potent inhibitory effects of benzyl and p-xylidine-bis dithiocarbamate sodium salts on activities of mushroom tyrosinase, J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Chem., 25(2), 272-281 (2010) @No $ @ @  Gheibi N., Saboury A.A., Mansuri-Torshizi H., Haghbeen K., and Moosavi-Movahedi A.A., The inhibition effect of some n-alkyl dithiocarbamates on mushroom tyrosinase, J. Enzyme Inhib Med Chem., 20(4), 393-399 (2005) @No $ @ @  Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A.A., Mohebbian M., Tahmasebi S., and Poorheravi M., A Structural and Calorimetric Study on the Interaction Between Jack Bean Urease and Cyanide Ion., J. Solution Chem., 38(12), 1612–1621 (2009) @No $ @ @  Rezaei Behbehani G., Saboury A.A., Mohebbian M., Abedini J. and Tahmasebi Sarvestani S. Thermodynamic study on the interaction of cyanide ion and jack bean urease at different temperatures, J. Solution Chem., 100(3), 1079–1083 (2010) @No $ @ @  Rezaei Behbehani G., and Barzegar L.  Thermal study of lysozyme binï�¤ing with β-cyclodextrin. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 110, 1966-1969 (2012) @No $ @ @  Mirzaie M., and Rezaei Behbehani G. Thermal Study of the nickel ion Interaction with Myelin Basic Protein. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 110, 1963-19665 (2012) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Cathode Materials for Solid State Microbatteries-A Case Study<#LINE#>M.C.@Rao<#LINE#>74-79<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJCS-2012-020 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada – 520008, INDIA  <#LINE#>3/1/2012<#LINE#>7/1/2012<#LINE#> As the general tendency of all advanced technologies is towards miniaturization, it is evident that the future development of batteries is aimed at smaller dimensions with higher-energy densities. A microbattery is an energy conversion/storage device, designed and built with microelectronics thin film fabrication technologies with footprints of the order of 50-100 �m2 having capabilities to provide currents of the order of 100-200 �A/cm2 with storage capacities in the range of 70-200 �Ah/cm2. Lithium rechargeable batteries are gaining more importance now a days because of their capacity compared with conventional rechargeable systems and due to their wide potential use, ranging from portable devices to heavy electric vehicles. The use of transition metal oxides as intercalation cathodes has turned the lithium power sources into the current generation. Lithium transition metal oxides have received significant attention due to their industrial applications especially in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. These materials are applied on the cathode side where Li is, respectively extracted and stored during the charge-discharge cycle of the battery.   <#LINE#> @ @  Ohring M., in: The Materials Science of Thin Films, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, p. 79 (1992) @No $ @ @  Ohring M., in: The Materials Science of Thin Films, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, p. 147 (1992) @No $ @ @  Komarnei S., Sakka S., Phule P.P., Laine R. M., in: _Sol–Gel Synthesis and Processing, Ceramic Transactions, 95, The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, USA, (1998) @No $ @ @  Yoshimura M., J. Mater. Res., 13, 796-780 (1998) @No $ @ @  Meunier G., Dormoy R., and Levasseur A., Mater. Sci. Eng.B 3, p. 19 (1989) @No $ @ @  Dyer C.K., A Novel Thin-Film Electrochemical Device For Energy Conversion, Nature, 343, p. 546 (1990) @No $ @ @  Julien C., in: Lithium Batteries: New materials, Development and perspectives (G. Pistoia, Ed.,) Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.167 (1994) @No $ @ @  Jones S.D.,  and Akridge  J.R., in : M.Z.A. Munshi (Ed.) Handbook of Solid State Batteries and Capacitors, World Scientific: Singapore, p. 209 (1995) @No $ @ @  Akridge J.R., in: Solid State Microbatteries, J.R.A. Akridge, M. Bakanski (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1988) @No $ @ @  Kobayashi K., Kosuge K. and Kachi S., Electric and magnetic properties of LixV2-xO2, Mater. Res. Bull., 4, 95-106 (1969) @No $ @ @  Liu P., Lee S.H., Yan Y., Tracy C.E. and Turner J.A., Advanced materials for Lithium ion batteries, J.  Power Sources, 158, 245-248 (2006) @No $ @ @  Plichta E., Salomon M., Slane S. and Uchiyama M., A rechargeable Li//LiCoO2 Cell J. Power Sources, 21, 25-31 (1987) @No $ @ @  Amatucci G.G.,  Tarascon J.M. and Klein L.C.,  CoO2, The End Member of the LixCoO2 Solid Solution, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 1114-1123 (1996) @No $ @ @  Oh S., Lee J.K., Byun D., Cho W.I.  and Cho B.W., Effect of Al2O3 coating on ... for secondary lithium batteries, J. Power Sources, 132, 249-255 (2004) @No