@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Dispersion Modeling of Jaipur Fire, India<#LINE#>D.K.@Biswal,V.@Kumar,K.@Barik<#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, INDIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, INDIA<#LINE#>13/7/2011<#LINE#>16/1/2012<#LINE#> The continental model equations take the form of partial differential equations which are very difficult to solve analytically. In the present work emphasis is given on the modeling of the horizontal transport of pollutant by taking basic assumptions for the wind velocity, mass burning rate of pollutant from the source etc. Model equations have been developed by taking suitable control volume and are solved by using finite volume method. MATLAB Simulation results give the idea about concentration profile of a pollutant along X and Y co-ordinate of horizontal direction in different time period. Then the model has been used to predict the concentration of SPM at various meteorological stations and is compared with the observed concentration in those stations for the Jaipur Indian Oil Corp. Fire Episode, 2009. ArcGIS is used to determine the geographical locations and distance between meteorological stations for this purpose.  <#LINE#> @ @ Zlatev Z., Mathematical model for studying the sulphur pollution over Europe, Computational and Applied Mathematics, 12,  651-666  (1985) @No $ @ @ Zlatev Z., Berkowicz R. and Prahm L.P., Three dimensional advection-diffusion modeling forregional scale, Atmospheric Environment, 17,  491-499 (1983) @No $ @ @ Zlatev Z., Dimov I. and Georgiev K., Three- dimensional version of the Danish Eulerian Model,Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik.76,  473-476 (1996) @No $ @ @ Zlatev Z., Computer Treatment of Large Air Pollution Models, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London (1995) @No $ @ @ Pepper D.W., Kern C.D. and Long P.E., Modeling the dispersion of atmospheric pollution using cubic splines and chapeau functions, Atmospheric Environment,  13, 223-237 (1979) @No $ @ @ Havasi A., Zlatev Z., Trends in Hungarian air pollution levels on a long time-scale, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4145-4156 (2002) @No $ @ @ Samarskii A.A., Theory of difference schemes, Moscow: Nauka (1977) @No $ @ @ Alexandrov V., Sameh A., Siddique Y. and Zlatev Z.Numerical integration of chemical ODE problems arising in air pollution models Environmental Modeling and Assessment (1997) @No $ @ @ Zlatev Z., Christensen J. and Eliassen A., Studying high ozone concentrations by using the Danish Eulerian Model, Atmospheric Environment., 27, 845-865 (1993) @No $ @ @ A report on Environmental impacts of the fire in Indian Oil Corporation Depot, Sitapura, Jaipur, Submitted to  Department of Environment, Govt. of Rajasthan,  February (2010) @No
<#LINE#>DAPA, EA, TU and BI as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under Atmospheric Conditions<#LINE#>H.@Kumar,V.@Saini<#LINE#>10-17<#LINE#>2.pdf<#LINE#>  Material Science Lab., Dept. of Chemistry, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125 055, INDIA<#LINE#>5/8/2011<#LINE#>13/10/2011<#LINE#> Four new vapour phase corrosion inhibitor (VPCI) i.e. 3,3-diaminodipropylamine (DAPA), ethylamine (EA), thiourea (TU), and benzimidazole (BI)were tested for mild steel in different atmospheric conditions at 50C by weight loss, Eschke test, salt spray method, SO2 test and metallurgical research microscopy technique. All investigated VPCIs exhibited very good corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel. DAPA showed the best corrosion inhibition efficiency. The result obtained from weight loss technique, Eschke test, salt spray method, SO2 test were supported by metallurgical research microscopy technique. Inhibition of corrosion in vapour phase by VPCI takes place because they alkaline the medium to pH value at which the rate of corrosion becomes significantly low. <#LINE#> @ @ Free M.L., Klang W. and Ryu D.Y., Prediction of Corrosion Inhibition Using Surfactants, Corrosion, 60 837-844 (2004) @No $ @ @  Rozenfeld I.L., Corrosion Inhibition, New York, McGraw Hill Inc (1982) @No $ @ @  Kuznestor Y.L., Organic inhibitors of Corrosion of metals, Plenum Press, New York 70 (1996) @No $ @ @  Jones D.A., Principles and Preventions of Corrosion, nd Ed, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, NJ, 503 (1996) @No $ @ @  Bregmann J.L., Corrosion Inhibition, Macmillan Co., New York (1963) @No $ @ @  Singh D.D.N. and Banerjee M.K., Anticorrosion Method, 31 4-8 (1984) @No $ @ @  Stupnisek-Lisac E., Cinotti V. and Retchenabach D., J. Appl. Electrochem, 29, 117-122 (1999) @No $ @ @   Subrumanian A., Natsen M., Murlitharan V.S., Balakrishan K. and Vasudevan T., An overview: vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, Corrosion, 56 144-155 (2000) @No $ @ @    Sastri V.S., Corrosion Inhibitors Principles and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York 787(1998) @No $ @ @    Rajgopalan K.S. and Ramaseshan G., J. Sci. Ind. Res., 19A, 275-280 (1960) @No $ @ @    Subrumanian A., Gopalakrishan R., Bhupati C.S., Balakrishan K., Vasudevan T. and Natesan M.N.S., Bull. Electrochem, 14, 739-744 (1998) @No $ @ @  Saurbier K., Rengaswamy M.V., Hchultze G.W., Geke J., Penninger J. and Robmeler H., Corros. Sci,33, 351 (1992) @No $ @ @  Vuarinew E.K., Br. Corros. J., 29, 120 (1994) @No $ @ @  Sekine I., Sambongih M., Hogiuda H., Oshibe T., Yuasa M., Imohama T., Shibata Y. and Wake T., J. Electrochem. Soc,139, 167 (1992) @No $ @ @   Muralitharan S., Pitchumani S., Ravichaneran S. and Iyur S.V.K., J. Electrochem. Soc, 142, 478 (1995) @No $ @ @   Zhang D.Q., Gao L.X., Mater. Perform., 42, 40(2003) @No $ @ @   Quraishi M.A., Jamal D., Synthesis and evaluation of some organic vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, Ind. J. Chem. Tech., 11, 459-464 (2004) @No $ @ @   Quraishi M.A. and Jamal D., Corrosion, 58, 387(2002) @No $ @ @   Tuken Yazici T. and Erbil B., Progress in organic coating, 50, 115 (2004) @No $ @ @  Starostina M., Smorodin A. and Galor L., Meter. Perform., 38, 52 (2000) @No $ @ @   Rajendran S., Apparao B.V. and Palaniswamy N., Corrosion and its Control, Proc. of International Conf. on Corrosion, Mumbai (1997) @No $ @ @  Quraishi M.A., Bhardwaj V. and Jamal D., Ind. J. Chem. Tech., 12, 98 (2005) @No $ @ @  Persiantsava V.P., Chemistry Review in Corrosion, Soviet Scientific Reviews of Mascow, OSSR, 8, 64(1987) @No $ @ @  Subrumanian A., Natesan M., Balakrishan K. and Vasudevan T., Bull. Electrochem.,15, 54 (1999) @No $ @ @   Dogra S.K., Dogra S., Physical Chemistry through Problems, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 231 (1986) @No $ @ @   Narayan R., An Introduction to Metallic Corrosion and its Prevention, 1st ed, Oxford and IBH (1983) @No $ @ @  Furman A. and Chandler C., Test methods for Vapour Corrosion Inhibitors, Proc. 9th Eur. Sym. Corros. Inhib., Ann. Univ., 11, 465 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Corrosion Inhibitory Effects of Some Substituted Thiourea on Mild Steel in Acid Media<#LINE#>R.@Tripathi,A.@Chaturvedi,R.K.@Upadhayay<#LINE#>18-27<#LINE#>3.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Government College, Ajmer – 305001, INDIA<#LINE#>17/9/2011<#LINE#>6/1/2012<#LINE#> Mass loss and thermometric methods have been used to study the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in HCl and HSO solution by the pyridyl substituted thiourea compound 1-(2,6-diazene)–3–benzyl thiourea (ST), 1–(3’-pyridyl) – 3 – benzyl thiourea (ST), 1 – (3’- pyridyl) – 1 –phenyl thiourea (ST), 1–(2’- pyridyl)–3–phenyl thiourea (ST). Values of inhibition efficiency obtained from the two methods are in good agreement with each other and are dependent upon the concentration of inhibitor and acid. The difference in the inhibition behaviour of the compounds have been explained in terms of the solubility of the substituted thiourea compounds and strength of the inhibitor-metal bond. Inhibition efficiency of all inhibitors increas with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency is more in case of HSO rather than in HCl. Inhibition efficiency was found maximum upto 99.26% for mild steel in HSO solution. Inhibition efficiencies of synthesised substituted thiourea have been found much more than their parent thiourea. <#LINE#> @ @  Quarishi M.A., Rawat J. and Ajmal M., Corros., its control, Proc. Int Conf. Corros., 2, 634, (1997) @No $ @ @  Laskawiec J., Sozanska B.,  Trzcionka J.,  Koroz Sukurczynska, 38, 249 (1995) @No $ @ @  Shibad P.R. and Adhe K.N., Electrochem J. Sec. (India), 30, 103 (1981) @No $ @ @  Shibad P.R., Electrochem J. Soc. (India), 27, 55, (1987) @No $ @ @  Yadav P.N. and Wadhwani R., Trans. SAEST, 25, 134, (1993) @No $ @ @  Edwards B.C., Corros. Sci., 9, 395 (1969) @No $ @ @  Abdennabi A.M.S. and Addulhadi A.I. Abu-orabis,  Anti Corrros. Meth. and Mat.,  45, 103 (1998) @No $ @ @ SciInternational Science Congress Association 278. Suetaka W., Bull. Chem. Soc., 37, 112 (1964) @No $ @ @  Sputnik E. and Ademovic Z., Proceedings of the 8th  European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors (8 SEIC) Ann. Univ. Ferrara, N.S. Sez V, Suppl., 257 (1995) @No $ @ @  Clubby B.G., Chemical Inhibitors for Corrosion Control, Royal Soc. Chem., Cambridge, 141, (1990) @No $ @ @  Gojic M. and Kosec L., ISIJ Int.,37(7), 685 (1997) @No $ @ @  Metikos-Hukovic M., Babic R., Grubac Z. and Brinic S., J. Appl. Electrochem., 24, 325 (1994) @No $ @ @  Kobatiatis L., Pebere N., Koutsookos P.G., Corros. Sci., 41, 941 (1999) @No $ @ @  Guillamuin V. and Mankowski G., Corros. Sci., 41, 421 (1999) @No $ @ @  Quafsaoui W., Blanc C.h., Bebere N., Srhiri A. andMankowski G., J. Appl. Electrochem.,30, 959 (2000) @No $ @ @  Blanc C., Gastaud S. and Mankowski G., J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, 396, (2003) @No $ @ @  Mozalev A., Poznyok A., Mazaleva and Hassel A.W., Electrochem. Comm.,, 299 (2001) @No $ @ @  Ebenso E.E., Okafor P.C. and Eppe U.J., Anti Corros. Meth. and Mat.,50(6), 414 (2003) @No $ @ @  Talati J.D. and Gandhi D.K., Indian.J. Technol., 29,277 (1991) @No $ @ @  Mylius F. and Metalik Z., 14, 239 (1992) @No $ @ @  Jones D.A., Principles and Prevention of Corros. London, Prentice – Hall International (U.K.) Limited, nd ed. 34 (1996) @No $ @ @  Dubey R.S., Uppadhyaye S.N., J. Electrochem. Soc. (India), 74, 143 (1944) @No 
<#LINE#>Preparation of Alkali Lead Glass and Glass-Ceramic Compositions as Electrical Insulators<#LINE#>M.@ShukurMajid,F.Al-Sultani@Kadhim,N.@HassanMohammed<#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>4.pdf<#LINE#>  College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, IRAQ<#LINE#>19/9/2011<#LINE#>7/10/2011<#LINE#> Lead silicate glasses with three composition ratio B1, B2, and B3 of (SiO, Al, NaO, KO, and PbO) were prepared in this study by conventional  melt quenching technique. KO percentage increases in compositions B2 and B3 to improve physical and electrical properties. Also glass – ceramic of lead silicate with three composition ratio C1, C2, and C3 of (SiO, Al, NaO, O, PbO, and TiO) were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique as a first stage, and then converted to glass – ceramic by heat treatments of the parent glass as a first step and render nucleation and crystallization as a second step. 5 wt.% of  TiO  is used as a nucleation agent in preparing of   glass – ceramic. Physical and electrical properties for all prepared specimens were investigated; we have noted increasing of dielectric strength with increasing of sintering temperatures for glass samples, where they have maximum value at 600°C. Whereas the glass – ceramics samples have a maximum value at C3 composition. Dissipation factor for glass and glass-ceramic samples have been decreased with increasing of KO content at all sintering temperatures. Dielectric constant () for glass samples at low frequencies has a maximum value at B1 composition and for sintering temperatures of 525 and 550 °C. At high frequencies, it has maximum value at B3 composition and for sintering temperature of 550°C. Dielectric constant () for glass-ceramic samples at low frequencies has a maximum value at C1 composition, and at high frequencies it has maximum value at C3 composition. <#LINE#> @ @  Berezhnoi A.I., Glass-ceramic and photositalls, NewYork Plenum Press, (1970) @No $ @ @  McMillan P.W., Glass-ceramics, London: Academic press, 2nd edition, 1 (1979) @No $ @ @  Allen M.A., High Temperature Oxides, part iv, Academic press New York and London (1971) @No $ @ @  Wolfram H. and George B., Glass-Ceramic Technology, The American Ceramic Society, www.ceramicbulletin.org (2002) @No $ @ @  Morsi M.M., Crystallization of Lithium Disilicate Glass Using Variable Frequency Microwave Processing, Blacksburg, Virginia Copyright (2007) @No $ @ @  Guy A.J., Essentials of Materials Science, McGraw-Hill, (1976) @No $ @ @  Charles A.H., Hand book of Ceramics Glasses and Diamonds, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. (2001) @No $ @ @  Someswar D.S.D., A new high temperature resistant glass–ceramic coating forgas turbine engine components, Bull. Mater. Sci., Indian Academy of Sciences (2005) @No $ @ @  Madhumita G., Sengupta P., Kuldeep S., Rakesh K., Shrikhande V.K.  Ferreira J.M.F. and Kothiyal G.P., Crystallization behaviour of LiO–ZnO–SiO glass–ceramics system, www.elsevier.com(2005) @No $ @ @  Hill G.H. and Morse C.T., The Effect of Porosity on Electric Strength of Alumina, Dielectric Mat, Measure and APP. IEE, No. 67 (1970) @No $ @ @  Zhongjian W., Yichen H., Hongkai L. and Fang Y., Dielectric properties and crystalline characteristics of borosilicate glasses, www.elsevier.com(2007) @No $ @ @  Pampuch R., Ceramic Materials: an Introduction to their Properties, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Comp. Amsterdam, (1976) @No $ @ @  Barsoum M.W., Fundamental of Ceramics, The Mc Graw-Hill companies Inc., (1997) @No $ @ @   Kingery W.D., Bawen H.K. and Uhlmann D.R., Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd Edition Wiley New York, (1976) @No $ @ @  Sharaf El-Deen L.M. and Elkholy M.M., The dielectric polarizability of amorphousCuO–Biglasses, http://www.complexity.org.au/vol09/elkhol01/(2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Nutritional and Anti-nutrient Composition of Melon Husks: Potential as Feed Ingredient in Poultry Diet<#LINE#>A.O.@Ogbe,G.A.L.@George<#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>5.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, NIGERIA<#LINE#>26/10/2011<#LINE#>1/12/2011<#LINE#>Melon husks were collected from Nasarawa Local Government Area of Nasarawa State and milled into powder for proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis. The results of proximate analysis showed that melon husks contained crude protein (19.14% ±0.46), carbohydrate (61.01% ±0.35), crude fibre (8.12% ±0.85), ash (7.73% ± 0.12), crude fat (1.71% ±0.04) and fatty acid (1.37% ± 0.03). The minerals detected include, Ca (2.1% ±0.13), K (1.3% ±0.04), Mg (0.42% ±0.1) and Na (259.85±1.78), Fe (98.42±1.55), Mn (58.83±0.54), Zn (47.77±1.06), P (30.11±0.2) and Cu (5.94±0.3) in parts per million (ppm). The results of phytochemical and anti-nutrients analysis showed the presence of tannins (15.15% ±0.24), phytates (2.05% ±0.12), trypsin inhibitor (2.01% ±0.10), saponins (1.47% ±0.23), oxalates (0.71% ±0.16) and cyanide ((0.06% ±0.01). The level of anti-nutrients and cyanide detected in the melon husks were low. The presence of essential nutrients and minerals imply melon husks could be utilized as a potential feed ingredient in poultry diets. The benefits of essential nutrients and minerals in maintaining health and growth performance were highlighted. It was therefore recommended that melon husks (shells), which are either burnt as agricultural waste materials or discarded in large quantities to pollute the environment in some parts of Nasarawa State, could be utilized as a possible feed ingredient in poultry diets. <#LINE#> @ @ Mutayoba S.K., Dierenfield E., Mercedes V.A., Frances Y. and Knight C.D. Determination of chemical composition and anti-nutritive components for Tanzanian locally available poultry feed ingredients, International Journal of Poultry Science,10(5), 350-357 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abiodun O.A. and Adeleke R.O., Comparative studies on nutritional composition of four melon seeds varieties, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(9), 905-908 (2010) @No $ @ @ Moerman D., Native American Ethnobotany, Timber press, Oregon, 453-459 (1998) @No $ @ @ Fagbohun E.D., Lawal O.U. and Hassan O.A. The chemical composition and mycoflora of sundried shelled melon seeds (Citrullus vulgaris) during storage, International Research Journal of Microbiology, 2(8), 310-314 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ekundayo C.A. and Idzi E. Mycoflora and nutritional value of shelled melon seeds (Citrullus vulgarisschard) in Nigeria, Journal of Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, (40), 31-40 (2005) @No $ @ @ AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C; USA, 807-928 (1990) @No $ @ @ Akinyeye R.O., Oluwadunsin A. and Omoyeni A. Proximate, mineral, anti-nutrients and phytochemical screening and amino acid composition of the leaves of Pterocarpus mildbraedi Harms, Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry,9(8), 1322-1333 (2010) @No $ @ @ Akinyeye R.O., Oluwadunsin A. and Omoyeni A. Proximate, mineral, anti-nutrients and phytochemical screening and amino acid composition of the leaves of Pterocarpus mildbraedi Harms. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10(1), 1848-1857 (2011) @No $ @ @ Greenfield H. and Southgate D.A. Food Composition Data, Production Management and Use, 2nd Edition, Rome, FAO (2003) @No $ @ @ Sofowora A., Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa; John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Ife, Nigeria, 55-201 (1993) @No $ @ @ Olawuyi J.F., Biostatistics: A foundation course in health sciences. 1st Edition. University College Hospital, Published by Tunji Alabi Printing Co. Total Garden, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1-221 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gafar M.K. and Itodo A.U., Proximate and mineral composition of hairy indigo leaves. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10(3), 2007-2018 (2011) @No $ @ @ McDonald P., Edward R.A., Greenhalti F.D. and Morgan C.A., Animal Nutrition, Prentices Hall, London, 101-122 (1995) @No $ @ @ Oluyemi E.A., Akilua, A.A., Adenuya A.A. and Adebayo M.B., Mineral contents of some commonly consumed Nigerian foods, Science Focus,(11), 153-157 (2006) @No $ @ @ Muhammad A., Dangoggo S.M., Tsafe A.I., Itodo A.U. and Atiku F.A. Proximate, minerals and anti-nutritional factors of Gardenia aqualla (Gauden dutse) fruit pulp, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,10(6), 577-581 (2011) @No $ @ @ Enechi O.C. and Odonwodu I., An assessment of the phytochemical and nutrient composition of the pulverized root of Cissusquadrangularis,Bioresearch (1), 63-68 (2003) @No $ @ @ Aletor V.A. and Fetuga B.L., Pancreatic and intestinal amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the rat fed haemagglutinin extract: Evidence of impaired dietary starch utilization, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 57(3), 113-117 (1987) @No $ @ @ Ajayi I.A., Ajibade O. and Oderinde R.A. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of some Plant Seeds, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(3)58-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ De-Bruyne T., Pieters L., Deelstra H. and Ulietinck A., Condensed vegetable tannins: biodiversity in structure and biological activities, Biochemical Systematic and Ecology, (27), 445-459 (1999) @No $ @ @ Armstrong W.D., Rogler J.C. and Featherston W.R. Effects of tannins extraction on the performance of chicks fed bird resistant sorghum grain diets, Poultry Science,(53), 714-720 (1974) @No $ @ @ Dei H.K., Rose S.P. and Mackenzie A.M., Shea nut Vitellaria paradoxa) meal as a feed ingredient for poultry, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 63(4), 611-624 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sim J.S., Kitts W.D. and Bragg D.B., Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance, Canadian Journal of Animal Science,(64), 977-984 (1984) @No $ @ @ Cheeke P.R., Nutritional and physiological implication of saponins: a review,  Canadian Journal of Science, (51), 621-632 (1971) @No $ @ @ Oleszek W., Nowacka J., Gee J.M., Wortley G. and Johanson L.T., Effects of some purified alfafa Medicago sativa) saponins on transmural potential difference in mammalian small intestine, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, (65), 35-39 (1994) @No $ @ @ Soetan K.O. and Oyewole O.E., The need for adequate processing to reduce the anti-nutritional factors in animal feeds, A review. African Journal of Food Science,3(9), 223-232 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khalil A.H. and Eladawy T.A., Isolation, Identification and Toxicity of saponins from different legumes. Food Chemistry,50(2), 197-201 (1994) @No $ @ @ Potter S.M., Jimenez-flores R., Pollack J., Lone T.A. and Berber-jimenez M.D., Protein saponin interaction and its influence on blood lipids, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (41), 1287-1291 (1993) @No $ @ @ SciInternational Science Congress Association 3928.Shimoyamada M., Ikedo S., Ootsubu R. and Watanabe K., Effect of Soya beans saponins on chmotryptic hydrolyses of soybeans proteins, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,(46), 4793-4797 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bello M.O., Farade O.S., Adewusi S.R.A., and Olawore N.O., Studies of some lesser known Nigerian fruits, African Journal of Biotechnology, (7), 3972-3979 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thompson L.U. Potential health benefits and problems associated with anti-nutrients in foods. International Journal of Food Resources,(26), 131-149 (1993) @No $ @ @ Guil J.L. and Isasa M.E.T. Nutritional composition of leaves of Chenopodium species. International Journal of Food Science Nutrition,(48), 321-327 (1997) @No $ @ @ Blood D.C. and Radostits O.M. Veterinary Medicine, th Edition, Balliere Tindall, London, pp. 589-630 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi N., Majumder C.B., Mondal P. and Dwivedi Shubha, Biological Treatment of Cyanide Containing Wastewater, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(7), 15-21 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Application of Response surface Methodology for Optimization of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Adsorption on Commercial Activated carbons<#LINE#>Ramakrishna@Gottipati,Susmita@Mishra<#LINE#>40-48<#LINE#>6.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa-769008, INDIA<#LINE#>3/12/2011<#LINE#>18/12/2011<#LINE#> Response surface methodology (RSM) involving D–optimal design was used to optimize the adsorption process of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions by commercial activated carbons. Influence of various process parameters such as initial metal concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and type of adsorbent on adsorption process was investigated. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, the significance of various factors and their influence on the response were identified. The regression coefficients (R) of the models developed and the results of validation experiments conducted at optimum conditions for the removal of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) indicate that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. Contour and response surface plots were used to determine the interaction effects of main factors and optimum conditions of process, respectively for the simultaneous removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). <#LINE#> @ @ Donmez G. and Kocberber N., Bioaccumulation of hexavalent chromium by enriched microbial cultures obtained from molasses and NaCl concentrating media, Process Biochem. 40, 2493–2498 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lalvani S.B., Wiltowski T., Hubner A., Weston A. and Mandich N., Removal of hexavalent chromium and metal cations by a selective and novel carbon adsorbent, Carbon, 36, 1219–1226 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shen H. and Wang Y.T., Characterization of enzymatic reduction of hexavalent chromium by Escherichia coli ATCC 33456, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59, 3771–3777 (1993) @No $ @ @ Demirbas E., Kobya M., Senturk E. and Ozkan T., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions on the activated carbons prepared from agricultural wastes, Water SA.,30,533–540 (2004) @No $ @ @ Goswami S. and Ghosh U.C., Studies on adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) onto synthetic hydrous stannic oxide, Water SA.,31, 579–602 (2005) @No $ @ @ Raji C. and Anirudhan T.S., Batch Cr(VI) removal by polyacrylamide grafted sawdust: kinetics and thermodynamics, Water Res.,32, 3772–3780 (1998) @No $ @ @  Palmer C.D. and Wittbrodt P.R., Processes affecting the remediation of chromium contaminated sites, Environ. Health Persp.,92, 25–40 (1991) @No $ @ @ Babel S., Kurniawan T.A., Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review, J. Hazard. Mater., 97, 219–243 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bailey S.E., Olin T.J., Bricka R.M. and Adrian D.D., A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals, Water Res., 33, 2469–2479 (1999) @No $ @ @ Aggarwal D., Goyal M. and Bansal R.C., Adsorption of chromium by activated carbon from aqueous solution, Carbon, 37, 1989–1997 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mohan D., Singh K.P. and Singh V.K., Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using low-cost activated carbons derived from agricultural waste materials and activated carbon fabric cloth, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 1027–1042 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ekpete O.A. and Horsfall M. Jnr, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from fluted pumpkin stem waste (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F), Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1(3), 10–17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nwabanne J.T. and Igbokww P.K., Preparation of activated carbon from Nipa palm nut: Influence ofpreparation conditions, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(6), 53–58 (2011) @No $ @ @ Acharya J., Sahu J.N., Sahoo B.K., Mohanty C.R. and Meikap B.C., Removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood activated with zinc chloride, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 25–39 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bishnoi N.R., Bajaj M. and Sharma N., Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous and electroplating wastewater, Environ. Technol.,25, 899–905 (2004) @No $ @ @ Monser L. and Adhoum N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater, Sep. Purif. Technol.,26, 137–146 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sarin V. and Pant K.K., Removal of chromium from industrial waste by using eucalyptus bark, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 15–20 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gratuito M.K.B., Panyathanmaporn T., Chumnanklang R.A., Sirinuntawittaya N. and Dutta A., Production of activated carbon from coconut shell: Optimization using response surface methodology, Bioresour. Technol.,99, 4887–4895 (2008) @No $ @ @ Olmez T., The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology, J. Hazard. Mater.,162, 1371–1378 (2009) @No $ @ @ Alam M.Z., Muyibi S.A. and Toramae J., Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches, J. Environ. Sci.,19, 674–677 (2007) @No $ @ @ Elibol M., Response surface methodological approach for inclusion of perfluorocarbon in actinorhodin fermentation medium, Process Biochem.,38, 667–773 (2002) @No $ @ @ Myers R.H. and Montgomery D.C., Response Surface Methodology, Wiley, New York, (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen M.J., Chen K.N. and Lin C.W., Optimization on response surface models for the optimal manufacturing conditions of dairy tofu, J. Food. Eng.,68, 471–480 (2005) @No $ @ @ Karacan F., Ozden U. and Karacan S., Optimization of manufacturing conditions for activated carbon from Turkish lignite by chemical activation using response surface methodology, Appl. Therm. Eng.,27, 1212–1218 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gilcreas F.W., Tarars M.J. and Ingols R.S., Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, New York, (1965) @No $ @ @ Lowell S., Shields J.E. and Thomas M.A. and Thommes M., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface area, Pore size and Density, Kluwer academic publishers, London, (2004) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishna G. and Mishra S., Process optimization of Cr(VI) on activated carbons prepared from plant precursors by a twolevel full factorial design, Chem. Eng. J.,160, 99107 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hamsaveni D.R., Prapulla S.G. and Divakar S., Response surface methodological approach for the synthesis of isobutyl isobutyrate, Process Biochem.,36, 1103–1109 (2001) @No $ @ @ Anderson M.J. and Whitcomb P.J., RSM Simplified: Optimizing processes using response surface methods for design of experiments, Productivity press, New York (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Study of photon attenuation coefficient of soil samples from Maharashtra and Karnataka states (India) at gamma ray energies from 122 keV to 1330 keV<#LINE#>LaxmanM.@Chaudhari,RajeV.@Dayan<#LINE#>49-53<#LINE#>7.pdf<#LINE#> Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune-411001, MH, INDIA ,INDIA @ Department of Physics, Rajarshi Shahu College, Latur - 413512, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>5/12/2011<#LINE#>17/12/2011<#LINE#> A scientific study of interaction of radiation with matter demands a proper characterization and assessment of penetration and diffusion of gamma rays in the external medium. The study of attenuation coefficient of various materials has been an important part of research in Radiation Chemistry, Physics, agriculture and human health. The parameter attenuation coefficient usually depends upon the energy of radiations and nature of the material. The variation of   linear and mass attenuation coefficient with different soil samples having chemical and Physical properties containing microelements has been investigated, using gamma radiation method. For this work, Soil Samples were collected from different regions of Maharashtra and Karnataka states of India and the parameters attenuation coefficients of soils were determined by performing experiment of gamma radiation on soil samples. The result represented in graphical forms. The Experimental measured values are in good agreement which validates the gamma absorption law. <#LINE#> @ @ Hubbel J.H., Photon mass attenuation and energy absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 keV, Appli. Radiat. Isot., 33, 1269 (1982) @No $ @ @ Hubbel J.H. and Sheltzer S.M., Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficient and mass energy absorption coefficients 1 keV to 230 MeV for elements z=1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest., NISTIR-5632. @No $ @ @ Bradley D.D., Chong C.S., Shukri A., Tajuddin A.A. and Ghose A.M., A new method for the direct measurement of  the energy absorbtion coefficient of gamma rays, Nucl. Instrum. Meth.Phys. Res., A 280 392 (1989) @No $ @ @ Cunningham J.R. and Johns H.E., Calculation of the average energy absorbed in photon interactions, Med. Phys,, 51 (1980) @No $ @ @  Carlsson G.A., Absorbed Dose Equations. On the Derivation of a General Absorbed Dose Equation and Equations Valid for Different Kinds of Radiation Equilibrium,Radiation research, 85, 219-237 (1981) @No $ @ @    Jahagirdar H.A., Hanumaiah B.  and Thontadarya B.R., Determination of narrow beam attenuation coefficients from broad beam geometrical configuration for 320KeV photons. Int., Appli. Radiat. Isot,43, 1511, (1992) @No $ @ @  Singh K., Bal H.K., Sohal I.K. and Sud S.P., Measurement of absorption coefficients at 662 keV in soil samples, Applied radiation Isotope, 42, 1239  (1991) @No $ @ @  Gerwad L., Comments on attenuation co-efficients of 123 KeV gamma radiation by dilute solutions of sodium chloride, Appl. Radiat. Isot.47, 19149 (1996) @No $ @ @  Gerward L., On the attenuation of X-rays and gamma rays in dilute solutions, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 48, 697 (1996) @No $ @ @  Bhandal G.S., Study of Photon attenuation coefficients of some multielement materials, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 116, 218-222 (1994) @No $ @ @  El-Kateb A.H. and Abdul Hamid., Photon attenuation study of some materials containing Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen., Applied radiat.Isot.,42, 303-307 (1991) @No $ @ @ Singh Jarnail, Singh Karamjit, Mudahar S. and Kulwant S. Gamma ray attenuation studies in Telurite glasses, national Symposia on radiation Physics-15, 36-39 @No $ @ @   Demir D. Ozgul A. Un. M., Sachin Y., Determination of Photon attenuation Coefficioent, Porocity and field capacity of soil by gamma ray transmission for 60, 356 and 662 keV gamma rays., Applied Radiation and Isotopes,66, 1834-1837 (2008) @No $ @ @  Appoloni C.R. and Rios E.A., Mass attenuation coefficients of Brazilian soils in the range 10-1450 keV, Applied Radiat.Isot,45, 287-291. @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M. and Malode S.S., Appli. Radiat isot .,459-469 (1994) @No $ @ @  Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M. and Malode S.S., J. of Pure & applied Physics, 32, 410 (1994) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T. and Chaudhari L.M., Appli. Radiat. Isot.,461, 369 (1995) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T. and Chaudhari L.M, Appli. Radiat. Isot.,47, 365 (1996) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Appli. Radiat. Isot, 48, 87 (1997) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Radiat. Phys. & Chem., 53, (1998) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Nathuram R. and Mahajan C.S., Radiat Meas., 32, 329 (2000) @No $ @ @ Raje D.V. and Chaudhari L.M., Bulg. J. Phys., 37158 (2010)  @No $ @ @ Chaudhari L.M. and Nathuram R., Bulg., J. Phys., 38 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Hypolipidaemic effect of Leucodelphinidin derivative from Ficus bengalensis Linn on Cholesterol fed rats<#LINE#>B.C.@Mathew,B.A.@Yoseph,T.@Dessale,R.S.@Daniel,A.@Alemayehu,@CampbellI.W.,K.T.@Augusti<#LINE#>54-60<#LINE#>8.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gondar, ETHIOPIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, ETHIOPIA  @ Victoria Hospital, Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM @ Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, INDIA <#LINE#>7/12/2011<#LINE#>17/12/2011<#LINE#> Administration of leucodelphinidin derivative isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis and another flavonoid quercetin (100mg/kg/day) in hypercholesterolemic rats provoked significant reduction in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and an increase in the HDL-cholesterol levels. Significant decrease in atherogenic index was noted in these rats treated with the different flavonoids . There was an increased concentration of total bile acids in the liver and also increase in the fecal excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols in the rats fed cholesterol containing diet as compared to those fed normal diet. Feeding the flavonoids further significantly increased the concentrations of hepatic bile acids and the fecal excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols as compared to the control cholesterol diet fed group. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)  reductase was not inhibited by the flavonoids, instead there was an increased cholesterogenesis as was evident by an increased incorporation of labeled acetate into both free and esterfied cholesterol on treatment with leucodelphinidin and quercetin. These results demonstrated that the flavonoids exerted their hypocholesterolemic effects by increasing fecal bile acids and cholesterol excretion. Acute toxicity studies with the leucodelphinidin derivative showed no toxic reactions up to a dose of 4g/kg dose level.  <#LINE#> @ @   Babalola O.O., Ojo O.E. and Oloyeda F.A., Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (l) Poit on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,1(7), 85-88 (2011) @No $ @ @   Mathew B.C. and Daniel R.S., Effect of isoflavones on cardiovascular health: low but not out either. J. 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Nutraceutical effects of garlic oil, its nonpolar fraction and a Ficus flavonoid as compared to vitamin E in CCl4 induced liver damage in rats, Indian J Exp Biol.,43(5), 437-444 (2005) @No $ @ @   Prema M.S. and Misra G.S., Chemical constituents of Ficus bengalensis, Indian J Chem., 15B, 762-763 (1977) @No $ @ @   Zlatkis A., Zak B. and Boyle A.J., A new method for the direct determination of serum cholesterol, J. Lab Clin Med.,41, 486-492 (1953) @No $ @ @  Fossati P. and Prencipe L., Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide, Clin Chem.,28, 2077-2080 (1982) @No $ @ @   Gidez L.I., Miller G.J., Burstein M., Slagle S. and Eder H.A., Seperation and quantitation of subclasess of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure. J. Lipid Res.,23, 1206-1223 (1982) @No $ @ @  Menon V.P. and Kurup P.A., Effect of fiber rich polysaccharide from blackgram on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed normal and atherogenic diet. Biomedicine, 24, 248-253 (1976) @No $ @ @ activity in liver tissue, Clin Chem., 21, 1523-1525 (1975) @No $ @ @  Zimmerman M., Ethical guidelines for investigation of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain., 16, 109-110 (1983) @No $ @ @   Shukla R., Anand K., Prabhu K.M. and Murthy P.S., Hypocholesterolemic effect of water extract of the bark of banyan tree Ficus bengalensis, Indian J Clin Biochem., 10, 14-18 (1995) @No $ @ @   Egert S., Bosy-Westphal A. and Seiberi J., Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: a double blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study, Br J Nutr.,102(7), 1065-1074 (2009) @No $ @ @  Qureshi A.A., Reis J.C., Qureshi N., Papasian C.J., Morrison D.C. and Schaefer D.M., -Tocotrienol and quercetin reduce serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid parameters in female chickens. Lipids in Health and Disease, 10, 39, (2011) @No $ @ @  Yang T.T. and Koo M.W., Chinese tea lowers cholesterol level through an increase in fecal lipid excretion, Life Sci., 66(5), 411-423 (2000) @No $ @ @  Belquith-Hadriche O., Bouaziz M., Jamussi K., El Feki A., Sayadi S. and Makni-Ayedi F., Lipid lowering and antioxidant effects of an ethyl acetate extract of fenugreek seeds on high-cholesterol-fed rats, J Agric Food Chem.,58(4), 2116-2122 (2010) @No $ @ @   Leopoldini M., Malaj N., Toscano M., Sindona G. and Russo N., On the inhibitor effects of bergamot juice flavonoids binding to the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme, J. 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<#LINE#>Improved performance of oxidized Alizarin based Quasi solid state Dye Sensitized solar cell by Surface Treatment<#LINE#>Manmeeta,Dhiraj@Saxena,G.D.@Sharma,M.S.@Roy<#LINE#>61-71<#LINE#>9.pdf<#LINE#>4 Faculty of Science, National Law University, Jodhpur, Raj., INDIA Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology, Jodhpur, Raj., INDIA Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, Jaipur, Raj., INDIA Defense Laboratory, Jodhpur, Raj., INDIA <#LINE#>22/12/2011<#LINE#>14/1/2012<#LINE#> The effect of the TiCl (titanium tetrachloride ) post-treatment on nanocrystalline TiO films in quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated and compared to nontreated films. DSSCs are fabricated employing metal free oxidized alizarin dye as photo sensitizer, polymer sol gel as electrolyte with PEDOT:PSS  coated FTO as counter electrode. The performance of both TiCl treated and nontreated DSSCs are analyzed by cyclic voltammograms, optical absorption spectra, kelvin probe scanning, electrochemical impedance spectra, current–voltage characteristics in dark and under illumination. As a result of this post-treatment, a significant increase in conversion efficiency and short circuit current density is observed. The overall power conversion efficiency improves from 3.57 % to 5.12 % upon TiCl treatment. This improvement is attributed to increase in dye loading, enhancement in electron lifetime and shift in the conduction band edge upon TiCl treatment. Here, the shift in the conduction band edge of the TiO upon TiCl treatment creates a driving force for charge transfer from the LUMO of the dye molecules to the conduction band of TiO which results in improved charge injection.  <#LINE#> @ @ O’Regan B. and Gra¨tzel M., A low cost, high efficiency solar cell based on Dye Sensitized colloidal TiO2 films, Nature,  353, 737 – 739 (1991) @No $ @ @ Hagfeidt A. and Gratzel M., Molecular Photovoltaics, Acc. Chem. Res., 33, 269 (2000) @No $ @ @ Robertson N., Optimising Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Angewandte Chem. Int. Edi, 45, 2338-2345 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kippelen B. and Bredas J.L., Organic Photovoltaics, Energy Envirn. Sci., , 251 (2009) @No $ @ @ Barote Maqbul A., Ingale Babasaheb D., Tingre Govind D., Yadav Abhijit A., Surywanshi Rangrao V. and Masumdar Elahipasha U., Some Studies on Chemically Deposited n-PbSe Thin Films, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 37-41  (2011) @No $ @ @ Yldrm K., Altun S. and Ulcay Y., DSC Analysis of Partially Oriented (Poy) and Textured Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Yarns, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 57-66 (2011) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan C.S., Wietasch H., Thelakkat M., Highly Efficient Dye Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells using Donor Antenna Dyes capable of Multistep charge Transfer Cascades, Adv. Mater., 19, 1091 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kawar S.S.,Chalcogenide Thin Films Having Nanometer Grain Size for Photovoltaic Applications, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chen C.Y., Wang M., Li J.Y., Pootrakulchote N., Alibabaei N., Ngoc C.H. -le, Decopper J.D.,. Tsai J.H, Gratzel C., Wu C.G., Zakeeruddin S.M. and Gratzel M., Highly efficient Light Harvesting Ruthenium sensor for thin film dye sensitized solar cell ACS Nano , 3103 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra A., Fischer M.K.R. and Bauerle P., Metal Free Organic Dyes for Dye sensitized solar cells, Angew Chem. Int. Ed., 48, 2474 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ito S., Zakeeruddin S.M., Hummphry R. - Baker, Liska P., Charvet R., Comte P., Nazeerudin M.K., Pechy P., Takata M., Miura H., uchida S. and Gratzel M., Highly Efficient organic Dye sensitized solar cells controlled by Nano-crystalline-TiO2 Electrode thickness, Adv. Mater., 18, 1202 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhang G., Bala,H. Cheng Y., Shi D., Lv X., Yu Q. and Wang P., High efficiency and stable dye sensitized solar cell with organic Chromophore featuring a binary n-conjugated spacer, Chem. Commun., 2198 (2009) @No $ @ @ Roy M.S., Balaraju P., Kumar Manish and Sharma G. D., Dye sensitized solar cell based on Rose Bengal dye and nanocrystalline TiO2, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,  92, 909 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zazeeruddin M.K., De Angelis F., Fantaec S., Selloni A., Viscardi G., Liska P., Ito S., Bessho T., Gratzel M., J. Am. Chem.Soc., 127, 16835 (2005) @No $ @ @ John A. Mikroyannidis, Minas M. Stylianakis, Suresh P., Roy M.S. and Sharma G.D., Synthesis of perylene monoimide derivative and its use for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on bare and modified nano-crystalline ZnO photoelectrodes, Energy and Environment Science, , 1293 (2009) @No $ @ @ Thirumaran S. and Sathish K, Molecular Interionic Interaction Studies of Some Divalent Transition Metal Sulphates in Aqueous Ethylene Glycol at Different Temperatures, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(8), 63-71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ozuomba J.O. and Ekpunobi, A Sol-Gel Derived Carbon Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsRes. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 76-79 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nazeeruddin M.K., Kay A., Rodicio I., Humphry-Baker R., Mu¨ller E., Liska P., Vlachopoulos N., Gra¨tzel M., Conversion of light to electricity by cis-X2bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) charge-transfer sensitizers (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, and SCN-) on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide electrodes,  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 6382 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sharma G.D., Choudhary V.S., Janu Y. and . Roy M.S Mechanism of charge generation and photovoltaic effects in lead phthalocyanine based Schottky device., Material Science, Poland,25 1173–1191 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ito S., Liska P., Comte P., Charvet R.L., Pe´chy P., Bach U., Schmidt-Mende L., Zakeeruddin S.M., Kay A., Nazeeruddin M.K., Gra¨tzel M., Control of dark current in photoelectrochemical (TiO/I–I) and dye-sensitized solar cells, Chem. Commun., 4351(2005) @No $ @ @ O’Regan B.C., Durrant J.R., Sommeling P.M. and Bakker N.J., Multistep Crystal Nucleation: A Kinetic Study Based on Colloidal Crystallization, J. Phys. Chem., C 111, 14001 (2007) @No $ @ @ Li Y., Cao Y., Gao J., Wang D., Yu G. and Heeger A.J., Electrochemical properties of luminescent polymers and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells,  Synth. Met. 99, 243 (1999) @No $ @ @ O’Regan B.C., Scully S., Mayer A.C., Palomares E. and Durrant J.,  The Effect of Al2O3 Barrier Layers in TiO2/Dye/CuSCN Photovoltaic Cells Explored by Recombination and DOS Characterization Using Transient Photovoltage Measurements, J. Phys. Chem., B 4616, 109(2005) @No $ @ @ Tennakonne K., Jayaweera P.V.V. and Bandaranayake P.K.M., Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical and solid-state solar cells: charge separation, transport and recombination mechanismsJ. Photochem. Photobiol. A 158, 125 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yu H., Zhang S., Zhao H., Will G. and Liu P., An efficient and low-cost TiO2 compact layer for performance improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells, Electrochim. Acta.,54, 1319 (2009) @No $ @ @ Halme J., Boschloo G., Hagfeldt A. and Lund P., Spectral Characteristics of Light Harvesting, Electron Injection, and Steady-State Charge Collection in Pressed TiO Dye Solar Cells, J. Phys. Chem. C,112,  5623(2008) @No $ @ @ Mikroyannidis John A., Suresh P., Roy M.S., Sharma G.D., Triphenylamine- and benzothiadiazole-based dyes with multiple acceptors for application in dyesensitized solar cells, J. Pow. Source195, 3002 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bajaraju P., Janu Yojana, Roy M.S. and Sharma G.D.,Dye sensitized solar cells based on pyronine G dye and TiO., AIP Conf. Proceeding  1004 135- 140 (2008) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Microbial Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn.<#LINE#>T.@Tamilarasi,T.@Ananthi<#LINE#>72-74<#LINE#>10.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry, S.T.E.T Women’s College, Mannargudi-614001, INDIA <#LINE#>29/8/2011<#LINE#>12/9/2011<#LINE#> Ethanolic extracts of Mimosa pudica leaves were screened for phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity towards pathogens i.e. bacteria and fungi. The activity was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus flavus and Trycophyton rubrum at different concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 µl/ disc and the results have been illustrated. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the plant materials is due to the presence of active constituents like alkaloids or tannins. <#LINE#> @ @ Sieradzki K., Robert R.B., Haber S.W. and Tomasz A., The development of vancomycin resistance in a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, N.Engl Med., 340(7), 517-523 (1999) @No $ @ @ Iwu M.W., Duncan A.R. and Okunji C.O., New Antimicrobials of plant origin. In: J.J (Ed): Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses, ASHS press. Alexandria, VA, 457-462 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nair R., Kalariya T. and Chanda S., Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts used in folk medicine,J. Herb. Pharmacother, 7(3-4), 191-201 (2007) @No $ @ @ Seth S.D. and Bhawana Sharma. Medicinal plants in India. J.Med Res.,120(6), 9-11 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gosh A., Das B.K., Roy A., Mandal B. and Charndra G., Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts. Nat.Med (Tokyo), 62(2), 259-262 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ahmedullah M. and Nayar M.P., (Red data book of Indian Plants,  (Peninsular India), Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India, 55-59 (1999) @No $ @ @ Glauco Morales, Adrian Oaredes, Patricia Sierra and Luis A. and Loyola, Antimicrobial activity of Three Vaccharis species used in the traditional medicine of Northern Chile, Molecules, 13, 790-794 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vaidyaratanm P.S., Indian medicinal plants database, st  edn, Orient Longman, Arya Vidyashala, Kottakkal, II, 36-37, (2001) @No $ @ @ Harborne S.B. and Baxter H., Phytochemical Dictionary, A handbook of bio-active compounds from plants, Taylor and Francis, London, (1995) @No $ @ @ Bauer R. and Tittel G., Quality assessment of herbal preparations as a precondition of pharmacological and clinical studies, Phytomedicine2, 193-198 (1996) @No $ @ @ Chopra R.N., Nayer S.L. and Chopra I.C., Glossary of Indian Medicinal plants, 3rd end. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India (1992) @No $ @ @ Ahmad I. and Beg A.Z., Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi drug resistant human pathogens, J. Ethnopharmacol,74, 113-123 (2001) @No $ @ @ John Britto S., Comparative antibacterial activity study of Solanum incanum L., J.Swamy Bot. Club.,18, 81-82 (2001) @No $ @ @ Essawi T. and Srour M., Screening some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology53, 11-14 (2000) @No $ @ @ Singh I. and Singh V.P., Antifungal properties of aqueous and organic solution extract of seeds plants against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger,Phytopharmacology,50(2), 151-157 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Synthesis of Nano Composites from Plant-based Sources<#LINE#>C.R.@Bhattacharjee,M.@Sharon,A.@Nath<#LINE#>75-78<#LINE#>11.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, INDIA @ MONAD Nanotech Pvt Ltd, A-702 Bhawani Towers, Powai, Mumbai, INDIA  @ Department of Chemistry, S. S. College, Hailakandi, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>15/9/2011<#LINE#>6/1/2012<#LINE#>Nano-particles for pharmaceutical purposes are defined as solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 - 1000 nm (1 mm). They consist of macromolecular materials and can be used therapeutically as drug carriers, in which the active principle (drug or biologically active material) is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated, or to which active principle is adsorbed or attached. Nature provides numerous fibrous and porous materials from which materials at nano range can be accessed easily. In the present paper, a qualitative aspect of synthesis and characterization of composite materials derived from plant based sources such as cane sugar and bond paper are discussed.  <#LINE#> @ @ Singh M., Singh S., Prasad S. and Gambhir I.S., Nanotechnology in Medicine and Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nano Particles, Digest, J. Nanomat. Biostr., 3(3), 115-122 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharon M., Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology, Book of Abstract,  International Conference on Drug discovery and Nano technology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra, India, January, 22 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharon M. and Sharon M., Nano forms of Carbon and its application; Monad Nanotech Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India, 221 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharjee C.R., Paul S.B., Nath A., Choudhury S. and Choudhury P.N., Synthesis, X-ray Diffraction Study and Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Sulphate Nanocomposite from Plant Charcoal, Materials, 2(2), 345-352 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharjee C.R., Paul S.B., Nath A., Choudhury S., Choudhury P.N. and Purkayastha D.D., Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Micro Composite derived from Plant Charcoal, Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Drug discovery and Nano technology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra, India, January, 88 (2008) @No $ @ @ Siegel R.W., Nanophase Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties, Springer Series in Material Science, 65 (1994) @No $ @ @ Datta K.K.R., Srinivasan  B., Balaram  H., and Eswaramoorthy  M., Synthesis of Agarose-metal/semiconductor Nanoparticles having superior Bacteriocidal Activity and their simple Conversion to Metal-Carbon Composites, J. Chem. Sci.,120, 579-586 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jaybhaye S., Sharon M., Singh L.  andSharon  M., Study of Hydrogen Adsorption by Spiral Carbon Nano Fibres Synthesized From Acetylene, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 36, 37- 42 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kshirsagar D.K., Puri V., Sharon  M. and Sharon  M., Microwave Absorption Study of Carbon Nano Material Synthesized from Natural Oils, Carbon Science, 7(4), 245-248 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sharon  M., Datta S., Shah  S.,  Sharon  M., Soga T., and Afre R.,  Photocatalytic degradation of E. coli and S. aureus by Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Letters, 8(3), 184-190 (2007) @No $ @ @ SharonM., Sathiyamoorthy D., Dasgupta K., Bhardwaj S.,   Sharon M., Soga T., Jaybhaye S. and Afre R., Hydrogen storage by carbon materials synthesized from oil seeds and fibrous plant materials, Int. J. Hydrog. En., 32, 4238-4249 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharon M., Ishihar K.,  Bhardwaj S.,   Sharon M., Soga T., Jaybhaye S. and Afre R., Carbon material from natural sources as an anode in Lithium Secondary Battery, Carbon Letters 8, 4 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jagadale P., Sharon M., Sharon M.andKalita G., Carbon Thin Films from Plant-Derived Precursors, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 37(6), 467-471 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharon M., Sathiyamoorthy D., Dasgupta K.., Bhardwaj  S.,   Sharon  M. and Jaybhaye  S., Hydrogen Adsorption by Carbon Nanomaterials from Natural Source, Asian J. Exp. Sci., 22(2), 75-88 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharon M., Sathiyamoorthy  D.,  Dasgupta K.,  Bhardwaj  S.,   Sharon  M., Soga T., Jaybhaye S., Jagadale P., Gupta A., Patil B., Ozha G., Pandey  S., Kalita G. and Afre R., Carbon Nanomaterial from Tea Leaves as an Anode in Lithium Secondary Batteries, Asian J. Exp. Sci, 22(2),  89-93 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis<#LINE#>T.A.@Abii<#LINE#>79-82<#LINE#>12.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudikem Abia State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>28/10/2011<#LINE#>6/12/2011<#LINE#>Heavy metals [Pb Cd Cr] levels in plants and soils from abandoned mechanic workshops in Umuahia metropolis were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) to estimate the level of pollution. The mechanic workshops were chosen from the four axis of the metropolis and the soils were collected at the root zone of the plants samples. The results show that the concentration of those heavy metals in soils and plants were significantly [p<0.01] higher than the permissible level and correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationships between metal concentration in plants and soil. The result of this work revealed that the consumption of farm products/vegetables grown in the abandoned mechanic workshops poses a significant health hazards to human and therefore calls for government action to control the indiscriminate disposal of waste generated in mechanic workshops. <#LINE#> @ @ Abii T.A. and Okorie D.O., Assessment of the level of heavy metals [Cu, pb, Cd and Cr] contamination in four popular vegetables sold in urban and rural markets of Abia State Nigeria: Continental, Journal Water Air and Soil pollution, 2(1), 42-47 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sobukola O.P., Ademiran O.M., Dairo A.A. and Kajihausa O.E., Heavy metal levels of some fruits and vegetables from selected markets in Lagos Nigeria: African Journal of Food Science, 4(2), 389-393 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jarup L., Hazards of heavy metal contamination, British Med. Bull, 68, 167-182 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sathawara N.G., Parikh D.J. and Agarwal Y.K., Essential heavy metals in environmental sample from western India: Bull, Environn. Contam. Toxicol.,73, 264-269 (2004) @No $ @ @ Curtis L.R. and Smith B.W., Heavy metals in fertilizers: Considerations for setting regulations in Oregon: Department of Environmental and molecular Toxicology: Oregon State university Corvallis Oregon, http: www Oregon.gov/ODA/TEST/docs /pdf/ferthes yy met.pdf (2008) @No $ @ @ Zaidi M.M., Asrar A, Mansoor A. and Farooquis M.A., The heavy Metal concentrations along roadside trees of Quetta and its effect on public health, J. Appl. Sci., 5(4), 705-711 (2005) @No $ @ @ Das A.K., Metal ion induced toxicity and detoxification by chelation therapy: In a text book medical aspect of bio-inorganic chemistry 1st ed. CBS Dellus, 17-58 (1990) @No $ @ @ Abbas M., Pawoem Z., Igba S., Riazuddin L.M., Ahmed M. and Bhutto R., Monitoring of toxic metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) in vegetable of Sindh, Pakistan. Kuthmandu University of Science Engineering and Technology, 16, 60-65 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tandi N.K., Nyumangara J. and Bangara C., Environmental and potential health effects of growing leafy vegetables on soil irrigated using sewage sludge and effluent: A case of Zn and Cu, J. Environ. Sci. Health,39, 461-471 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bakidere S. and Yaman M., Determination of Lead, Cadmium and Copper in Road-Side Soil and Plants in Elazig Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136, 401-410 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fergusson J.E., The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effect, Pergamon press oxford (1990) @No $ @ @ Okoronkwo N.E., Odoemelam S.A. and Ano O.A., Levels of toxic elements in soils of abandoned waste dump site, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(3), 1241-1243 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kachenko A. and Singh B., Heavy Metals Contamination of Home Grown Vegetables near Smelters in NSW Super Soil 2004, 3rd Australian-New Zealand Oils Conference, 5-9 Dec. 2004, University of Sydney Australia (2004) @No $ @ @ Avena J.M., Metalic poisons in 4th ed., Poisoning, Charles C. Thomas, spring field, Illinois, 252-258 (1979) @No $ @ @ Fricoff A. and Greger M., Fate of Cadmium in Elodea Canadensis, Chemosphere, 6, 365-375 (2007) @No $ @ @ Radwan M.A., Salma A.K., Market Basket Survey for some Heavy Metals in Egyptian Fruit and Vegetables: Food chem. Toxicpl, 44, 1273-1278 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sharma R.K., Agrawal M. and Marshals F., Heavy metal contaminations in vegetables grown in waste water irrigated areas of Varanasi India, B. Environ Contam. Tax., 77, 312-318 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Optical and Dielectric Properties of L-Histidinium Trifluoroacetate NLO Single Crystal<#LINE#>S.@Suresh<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>13.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, INDIA <#LINE#>20/12/2011<#LINE#>4/1/2012<#LINE#> Single crystals of L-Histidinium Trifluoroacetate were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to triclinic crystal system. The optical transmission studies show that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region with a cut off wave length has been found to be 230 nm. The optical band gap is found to be 4.25eV.The transmittance of L-Histidinium Trifluoroacetate crystal has been used to calculate the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (K), electric susceptibility ( and both the real  and imaginary  components of the dielectric constant as functions of wavelength. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss was also studied as a function of frequency at room temperature. <#LINE#> @ @  Jun Sun, Jimin Zheng, Yunxia Che, and Bin Xi., J. Cryst. Growth.,25, 136 (2003) @No $ @ @   Haja Hameed A.S. and Lan C.W., J. Cryst. Growth, 270 475 (2004) @No $ @ @  Chemla D.S., Zyss (Eds.) J., Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Academic press, New York, (1987) @No $ @ @   Badan J., Hierle R., Perigand A., and Zyss J., Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 233, in: Williams (Ed.) DJ, Am Chem., Soc., Washington, December (1993) @No $ @ @   Martin Britto Dhas, Suresh J., Bhagavannarayana G. and Natarajan S.,Open Crystallography Journal, , 46-50 (2008) @No $ @ @   Xu D., Wang X.Q., Yu W.T., Xu S.X. and Zhang G.H., J. Cryst. Growth,253, 481(2003) @No $ @ @   Nagalakshmi K.V., Spectrochim. Acta A., 61, 499 (2005) @No $ @ @   John Xavier K.V., Spectrochim. Acta A., 60, 709 (2005) @No $ @ @  Roshan A. and Cyriac Joseph S., Mat. Lett.,49, 299 (2001) @No $ @ @   Maheswaran V.V., Sherwood S.  and Bhat J.N., J. Cryst. Growth,179, 605 (1997) @No $ @ @   Fuchs B.A., Ksyn C. and Veisko S.P., Appl. Opt., 28, 4465–4472 (1989) @No $ @ @   Ashour A., El-Kadry N., and Mahmoud S.A., Thin Solid Films, 269,117 (1995) @No $ @ @   Gupta V., and Mansingh A., J. Appl. Phys., 80, 1063(1996) @No $ @ @   Gaffar M.A., Abu El-Fadl A. and Bin Anooz S., J.Physica B., 43, 327 (2003) @No 
<#LINE#>Life Cycle Assesment of Clothing Process<#LINE#>Sule@Altun<#LINE#>87-89<#LINE#>14.pdf<#LINE#> Clothing process is thought to be the cleanest process among the textile manufacturing methods. In the present study the environmental impacts of clothing processes were investigated using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology. According to the results, sewing process was the main responsible of the almost all impact categories.   <#LINE#>29/12/2011<#LINE#>3/1/2012<#LINE#> Clothing process is thought to be the cleanest process among the textile manufacturing methods. In the present study the environmental impacts of clothing processes were investigated using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology. According to the results, sewing process was the main responsible of the almost all impact categories.   <#LINE#> @ @ EN ISO 14044 Environmental management, Life cycle assessment – principles and framework (2006) @No $ @ @ Rebitzer G.,  Ekvall T.,  Frischknecht R.,  Hunkeler D.,  Norris G., Rydberg T., Schmidt W.-P., Suh S., Weidema B.P and Pennington D.W.,   Life Cycle Assessment Part 1: Framework, Goal and Scope Definition, Inventory Analysis, and Applications, Environment International30, 701–720 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dahllof L., LCA Methodology Issues for Textile Products, Thesis for The Degree of Licentiate of Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden (2004) @No $ @ @ Cherrett N., Barrett J., Clemett A., Chadwick M. and Chadwick M.J., Ecological Footprint and Water Analysis of Cotton, Hemp and Polyester, Bio Regional Development Group and WWF Cymru, SEI (2005) @No $ @ @   Vandevivere P.C., Bianchi R. and Verstraete W., Treatment and Reuse of Wastewater from the Textile Wet-Processing Industry: Review of Emerging Technologies, J. Chem. T echnol. Biotechnol., 72, 289-302 (1998) @No $ @ @  Woolridge A.C., Ward G.D., Phillips P.S., Collins M. and Gandy S., Life Cycle Assessment for Reuse/Recycling of Donated Waste Textiles Compared to Use of Virgin Material: An UK Energy Saving Perspective, Resources, Conservation and Recycling,  46 , 94–103 (2006) @No $ @ @   Laursen S.E., Hansen J., Knudsen H.H., Wenzel H., Larsen H.F., Kristensen F.M., EDIPTEX – Environmental Assessment of Textiles, Working Report No. 24, Danish EPA,  (2007) @No $ @ @ Kalliala E.M. and Nousiainen P., Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Profile of Cotton and Polyester-Cotton Fabrics, AUTEX Research Journal, 1, 1, 8-20, (1999) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Nanotechnology: Remediation Technologies to clean up the Environmental pollutants<#LINE#>Bhawana@Pandey,M.H.@Fulekar<#LINE#>90-96<#LINE#>15.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, INDIA<#LINE#>7/11/2011<#LINE#>11/1/2012<#LINE#> Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling the shape and size at the nanometer scale; Environmental nanotechnology (E-nano) products can be developed for a wide array of urgently needed environmental remediation. The nanoparticles / nanostructures made by mechanical and /or microbial action with fundamental building blocks are among the smallest human made objects and exhibit novel physical, chemical and biological properties; which has wider application for pollution prevention, detection, monitoring and remediation of pollutants. Environmental nanotechnology would be the new innovation to remediate and treat the contaminants to acceptable levels. Environmental scientists and engineers are already working with nanoscale structure to manipulate matter of the atomic or molecular scale that has cut across discipline of chemistry, physics, biology, and even engineering. The paper highlights that-nanotechnology offers great promise for delivering new and improved remediation technologies to clean up the environment.  <#LINE#> @ @ Environmental Protection Agency, US Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 100/B-07/001 EPA Washington DC (2007) @No $ @ @ Vaseashta A., Vaclavikova M., Vaseashta S., Gallios G., Roy P., Pummakarnchana, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 8, 47  @No $ @ @ Feng X, Fryxell G.E., Wang Q., Kim A.Y., Liu J., Kemner K.M., Science 276, 923 (1997) @No $ @ @ Obare S.O. and Meyer G.J.J., Environ Sci. 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Ion Exchange Resins. http://www.nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/water/13D.pdf (2008) @No $ @ @ Yuan et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 332-336 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hoffmann M.R., Martin S.T., Choi W. and Bahenmann D.W., Chemical Rev., 95, 69 (1995) @No $ @ @ Fujishima A., Hashimoto K. and Watanabe T., Tio2 Photocatalysis. Fundamentals and Applications, Bkc, Inc. Tokyo, Japan (1999) @No $ @ @ Kim Y.C, Sasaki S., Yano K., Ikebukuro K., Haphimoto K. and Karube I., Photocatalytic sensor for the determination of chemical oxygen demand using flow injection analysis, Anal. Chem.  Acta 432 (59), (2001) @No $ @ @ Bahnemann D., Photocatalytic Water Treatment: Solar Energy Applications. Solar Energy, 77, 445-459  (2004) @No $ @ @ Pirkanniemi K. and Sillanpaa M., Heterogeneous Water Phase Catalysis as an Environmental Application: A Review. Chemosphere, 48, 1047-1060 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kamat P.V. and Meisel D., Nanoscience Opportunities in environmental remediation. Science direct. 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Prog., 24, 289 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ponder S.M., Darab J.G. and Mallouk T.E., Environ Science Technol., 34, 2564 (2000) @No $ @ @ Manning B.A., Kiser J.R., Kwon H., Karnel S.R., Environ Science Technol., 41, 586 (2007) @No $ @ @ Li Q.X. and Zhang W.S., Langmuir, 22, 4638 (2006) @No $ @ @ Li Q.X., Elliot D.W. and Zhang W.X., Critical review of Solid State Matter Science, 31, 111 (2006) @No $ @ @ Air Pollution and Nanotechnology. ttp://www.understandingnano.com/air.html (2008) @No $ @ @ Fox M.A., Dulay M.T., chemical reviews, 93, 341 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kanel S.R., Manning B., CHarlet L. and  Choi H., Environ science technol., 39,1291 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lien H.L., Jhao Y.S., and Chen L.H., Environ Engineering Science, 24, 21 (2007) @No $ @ @ Water Pollution and Nanotechnology. http://www.understandingnano.com/water.html (2008) @No $ @ @ Zhu J., John Zhu, http://www.uq.edu.au/research/ index.html?page=68941&pid=68941 (2007) @No