@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of growth of D. bulbifera (L.) on contaminated soil (spent engine oil) and industrial effluent<#LINE#> Femi P.@Adesina,Olufemi @Ashamo M.  <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-083.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria@Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria<#LINE#>2/9/2018<#LINE#>30/1/2019<#LINE#>Anthropogenic activities such as indiscriminate disposal of wastes have contributed immensely to environmental pollution and therefore hinder the existence of plants and other soil organism dwellers. The effect of soil contaminated with Spent Engine Oil (SEO) and Industrial Effluent (IE) soil on the growth and yield of Dioscorea bulbifera L. was investigated in the screen house. Four levels of concentrations: 0ml/15kg, 75ml/15kg, 225ml/15kg, 375ml/15kg of SEO and effluents from a Cocoa Industry were assessed. Growth of D. bulbifera were assessed by taking the following parameters; sprouting, plant height (cm), leaf area (cm), day of bulbil appearance (days), leaf length (cm), girth length (cm), and the number of leaves produced by D. bulbifera in each treatment. This study showed that SEO and IE in soil have highly significant (P &#8804; 0.05) effects on growth and yield of the plants. The germination time increased with increase in treatment concentration, with control having the shortest time of 28 days and 375ml/15kg concentration having longest time of 53 days. The growth of D. bulbifera was delayed as the levels of treatment were increased. The control was signfinicantly different (P &#8804; 0.05) from other levels of treatment, having highest height value of 576.67cm while IE had the lowest (179.08cm) at week 16. Control had the highest number of leaves (66.3) while IE had the lowest number (18.67). Likewise in leaf length, control had the highest length of 15.17cm while IE had lowest (9.07cm). In leaf area, control had the largest (141.69(x102) cm2) while the IE had the lowest (14.74(x102) cm2).<#LINE#>Wyszkowski M. and Wyszkowska J. (2005).@Effect of enzymatic activity of diesel oil contaminated soil on the chemical composition of oat (Avena sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.).@Plant Soil Environ., 51(8), 360-367.@Yes$Baek K.H., Kim H.S., Oh H.M., Yoon B.D., Kim J. and Lee I.S. (2005).@Effect of crude oil, oil components and bioremediation on plant growth.@J. of Environ., 40, 88-97.@Yes$Ikhajiagbe B. and Anoliefo G.O. (2010).@Impact of soil amendment on phytotoxicity of a 5 months old waste engine oil polluted soil.@African J. of Environ. Sci. & Techn., 4(4), 215-225.@Yes$Osuagwu A.N., Okigbo A.U., Ekpo I.A., Chukwurah P.N. and Agbor R.B. (2013).@Effect of crude oil pollution on growth parameters, chlorophyll content and bulbils yield in air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera L.).@International Journal of Applied, 3(4), 37-42.@Yes$Barnali D. (2015).@Food and medicinal values of certain species of Dioscorea with special reference to Assam.@J. of Pharm. & Phytoch., 3(4), 15-18.@Yes$Agbogidi O.M. and Ejemete O.R. (2005).@An assessment of the effects of crude oil pollution on soil properties, germination and growth of Gambaya albida (L.).@Uniswa Res. J. of Agric. Sci. & Techn., 8(2), 148-155.@Yes$Agbogidi O.M. and Ofuoku A.U. (2005).@Response of sour sop (Annona muricata L.) to crude oil levels.@J. of Sust. & Trop. Agric. Res., 16, 98-102.@Yes$Anoliefo G.O. and Vwioko D.E. (2001).@Tolerance of Chromolaena odorata (L) K. and R. grown in soil contaminated with spent lubricating oil.@J. of Trop. Biosci., 1(1), 20-24.@Yes$Agbogidi O.M. and Enujeke E.C. (2012).@Effects of spent motor oil on soil physico-chemical properties and growth of Arachis hypogaea L.@Global J. of Bio-Sci. & Biotechn., 1(1), 71-74.@Yes$Odiyi B.O. and Abiya S.E. (2016).@Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) (L.) Walp. Polluted with Spent Lubricating Oil.@Octa J. of Environ. Res., 4(3), 277-281.@Yes$Islam M.O., Khan Md. H.R., Das A.K., Akhtar M.S., Oki Y. and Adachi T. (2006).@Impacts of industrial effluents on plant growth and soil properties.@Soil & Environ., 25(2), 113-118.@Yes$Adam G. and Duncan H. (2002).@Influence of diesel on seed germination.@Environ. Poll., 120, 363-370.@Yes$Lale O.O., Ezekwe I.C. and Lale N.E.S. (2014).@Effect of Spent Lubricating Oil Pollution on Some Chemical Parameters and the Growth of Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata Walpers).@Res. & Environ., 4(3), 173-179.@Yes$Nawaz S., Ali S.M. and Yasmin A. (2006).@Effect of Industrial Effluents on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Cicer arientum.@J. Bio. Sci., 6(1), 49-54.@Yes$Benka-Coker M.O. and Ekundayo J.A. (1995).@Effects of an oil spill on soil physico-chemical properties of a spill site in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria.@Environ. Monit. & Asses., 36(2), 93-104.@Yes$Siddiqui S. and Adams W.A. (2002).@The fate of diesel hydrocarbons in soils and their effects on the germination of perennial ryegrass.@Environ. Toxic., 17(1), 49-62.@Yes$Agbogidi O.M. and Egbuchua C.O. (2010).@Heavy metal concentrations of soil contaminated with spent engine oil in Asaba, Delta State.@Acta Agro. Nig., 10(1), 65-69.@Yes$Jung M.C. (2008).@Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soils and Factors Affecting Metal Uptake by Plants in the Vicinity of a Korean Cu-W Mine.@Sensors, 8(4), 2413-2423.@Yes$Uaboi-Egbenni P.O., Okolie P.N., Adejuyitan O.E., Sobande A.O. and Akinyemi O. (2009).@Effect of industrial effluents on the growth and anatomical structures of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra).@African J. of Biotechn., 8(14), 3251-3260.@Yes$Okonokhua B.O., Ikhajiagbe B., Anoliefo G.O. and Emede T.O. (2007).@The Effects of Spent Engine Oil on Soil Properties and Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.).@J. of Appl. Sci. & Environ. Manag., 11(3), 147-152.@Yes$Adu A.A., Aderinola O.J. and Kusemiju V. (2015).@Comparative Effects of Spent Engine Oil and Unused Engine Oil on the Growth and Yield of Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea).@Int. J. of Sci. & Techno., 4(3), 105-118.@Yes$Ammar E., Ben-Rouina B., Metzidakis I.T. and Voyiatzis D.G. (1999).@Potential Horticulturalization of Olive oil processing waste water.@Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on oil growing Sept 22-26 Chania Crete, Greece, 741-744.@No
<#LINE#>Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of textile effluent dilutions on Zea mays (maize plant)<#LINE#>Kelechi@Ahamefule Augustus ,Uchechukwu@Ezeji Ethelbert  <#LINE#>7-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-094.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria@Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria<#LINE#>29/9/2018<#LINE#>17/2/2019<#LINE#>This research investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of textile mill effluent on the maize plant (Zea mays). Seeds of maize (Zea mays) were grown in wood shavings (4/treatment) irrigated with different concentrations of textile effluent (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) for 15 days. Most of the physicochemical parameters of the effluent, analyzed using specific instrument for each, were above permissible limits, examples are the COD (4208mg/L against 90mg/L), BOD (171mg/L against 50mg/L), Nitrate (71.2mg/L against 10mg/L), etc. There was complete loss of viability at concentration 100%, while germination reduced by 75%, 50% and 25% in 75%, 50% and 25% textile effluent concentrations respectively. Plant growth rate was inversely proportional to concentration increase; growth of the control significantly differed with other treatments at p<0.05. The cytotoxic effects were investigated using Automated Image Analyses Software and RAPD. RAPD analysis was performed on four pooled Genomic DNA extracted from shoots of the, 25%, 50%, 75% of the treatments and control (0%) plants after 15 days. Five decamer plant specific primers (OPB-11, OPT-11, OPH-08, OPK-11 and OPL-08) were utilized for screening of the Zea mays genome. Among them, 3 primers (OPB-11, OPT-11 and OPH-08) gave clear and stable bands. The RAPD profile obtained showed textile effluent had genotoxic effects on the plants. This was evident with the appearance and disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with the control. In all, 64 bands were scored, 31(48.4%) of these were polymorphic. Altogether, 13 new bands were formed while 15 were lost. A dendrogram of the four accessions using Weighted Neighbour-Joining (WNJ) procedure clustered the accessions into two major groups. The control (Maize-1) and treated 25% effluent (Maize-2) sample were clustered in one group with 67% bootstrap value. Group II, 50% effluent (Maize-3) and 75% effluent (Maize-4), were separated in another cluster, with 88% bootstrap value. The above results show that high concentrations of textile mill effluent have adverse genotoxic effects on the maize plant.<#LINE#>Spielvogel J.J. (2006).@Medieval and Early Modern Times.@USA: National Geographic. 452.@No$Khataee A.R. and Dehghan G. (2011).@Optimization of biological treatment of a dye solution by Macroalga, Cladophora sp. using response surface methodology.@Journal of Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineering, 42, 26-33.@Yes$Chen B.Y., Wang Y.M., Yeng C.Y. and Lin S.H. (2011).@Deciphering cost-effective biostimulation for dye-laden textile wastewater treatment using immobilized cell system.@Taiwan Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42, 334-340.@Yes$Lin S.H., Wang Y.M., Yen C.Y. and Chen B.Y. (2012).@Kinetic theory of biostimulation for azo dye decolorization using immobilized cell system.@Journal of Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineering, 43(3), 399-408.@Yes$Ayoola S.O., Bassey B.O., Alimba C.G. and Ajani E.K. (2012).@Textile effluent-induced genotoxic effects and oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus.@Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(17), 804-812.@Yes$American Public Health Association-APHA (2015).@Standard Methods for the Examination 	of Water and Wastewater.@Washington DC, USA, 22-24.@No$National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) (2011).@Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette, National Environmental (Sanitation and Waste) Control.@Federal Government of Nigeria Printer, Abuja, Nigeria, No. 60(96), 1057-1102.@No$Enan M.R. (2006).@Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to detect the genotoxic effect of heavy metals.@Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 43(3), 147-154.@Yes$United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2016).@Method 8270C, revision 3, Semi volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.@http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ test/main.htm. 15/02/2016.@No$Atienzar F.A. and Jha A.N. (2006).@The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and related techniques applied to genotoxicity and carcinogenesis studies: A critical review.@Mutation Research, 613(2), 76-102.@Yes$De Wolf H., Blust R. and Backeljau T. (2004).@The use of RAPD in ecotoxicology.@Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 566(3), 249-262.@Yes$Liu W., Yang Y.S., Li P.J., Zhou Q.X., Xie L.J. and Han Y.P. (2009).@Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 878-883.@Yes$Raj A., Kumar S., Haq I. and Kumar M. (2014).@Detection of Tannery Effluent-Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers.@Indian Journal of Toxicology Research, 5(2), 200-208.@Yes$Cenkci S., Yildiz M., Ci&#711;gerci I.H., Konuk M. and Bozda&#711;g A. (2009).@Toxic chemicals-induced genotoxicity detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings.@Chemosphere, 76(7), 900-906.@Yes$Swaileh K.M., Hussein R. and Ezzughayyar A. (2008).@Evaluating wastewater-induced plant genotoxicity using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.@Environmental Toxicology, 23(1), 117-122.@Yes$Alimba C.G., Adebayo L.O. and Femi J.O. (2015).@Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of textile effluent using Allium assay.@Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 9, 220-229.@No$Osibanjo O. and Adie G.U. (2007).@Impact of effluent from Bodija abattoir on the physicochemical parameters of Oshunkaye stream in Ibadan City, Nigeria.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(15), 1806-1811.@Yes
<#LINE#>Impact of morphometric and land cover parameters on bed sediments of stream watersheds in the Bhagirathi valley, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Ansari@Zabiullah ,Ahmad@Sarfaraz  <#LINE#>15-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-098.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India@Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India<#LINE#>10/10/2018<#LINE#>1/2/2019<#LINE#>A study has been attempted to recognizing grain size characteristics and its relation with morphometric and land cover parameters on bed sediment of watersheds located in Bhagirathi basin, Garhwal Himalaya. To achieve the objective, twenty one bed sediment samples was collected from stream joining to the river Bhagirathi. Grain size analyzed and Folk and Ward\'s units were calculated. Morphometric and land cover parameters of the watersheds were determined using SRTM DEM, LANDSAT ETM+. The result suggests that the stream bed sediments in high altitude watersheds are characterized by moderate grain size, poorly sorted and extremely leptokurtic in nature. At a lower altitude, the bed sediments show large grain size, poorly sorted and very leptokurtic. The impact of the morphometric parameters has a significant relationship with sediment asymmetrical dispersion. Agriculture and glacier cover have more impact on sediment characters than any other land cover. The principle component analysis explains the 89% of the variance in the data. Dominant factors controlling the sediment nature are associated with agriculture practices and maximum elevation, minimum elevation and area of the watersheds.<#LINE#>Thakur V.C. (1995).@Geology of Dun Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, neotectonics and coeval deposition with fault-propagation folds.@J. Himalayan Geol, 6(2), 1-8.@Yes$Burbank D.W. and Anderson R.S. (2001).@Tectonic Geomorphology.@Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 270. ISBN: 978-1-4443-3887-4.@Yes$Philip G. and Sah M.P. (1999).@Geomorphic signatures for active tectonics in the Trans-Yamuna segment of the Western Doon valley, NW Himalaya.@International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 1(1), 54-63.@Yes$Malik J.N. and Mohanty C. (2007).@Active tectonic influence on the evolution of drainage and landscape: Geomorphic signatures from frontal and hinterland areas along the Northwestern Himalaya, India.@Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29, 604-618.@Yes$Holeman J.N. (1968).@Sediment yield of World Rivers.@Wat. R&eacute;sour. Res., 4, 737-742.@Yes$Milliman J.D. and Meade R.H. (1983).@World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans.@The Journal of Geology, 91(1), 1-21.@Yes$Lindholm R. (1987).@Mineral identification using X-ray diffraction.@A practical approach to sedimentology, Allen & Unwin, London, 278. ISBN 978-94-011-7683-5.@Yes$Gaillardet J. Dupre B. and Allegr C.J. (1999).@Geochemistry of large river suspended sediments: silicate weathering or recycling tracer.@Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 63(23/24), 4037-4051.@Yes$Xu J. (1999).@Grain-size characteristics of suspended sediment in the Yellow River, China.@Catena, 38(3), 243-263.@Yes$Chakrapani G.J. (2005).@Major and trace element geochemistry in upper Ganga River in the Himalayas, India.@Environmental Geology, 48(2), 189-201.@Yes$Goni M.A., Monacci N., Gisewhite R., Ogston A., Crockett J. and Nittrouer C. (2006).@Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the water column and sediments of the Fly River Delta, Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea).@Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 69(1-2), 225-245.@Yes$Wang Y.M., Traore S. and Kerh T. (2008).@Monitoring event-based suspended sediment concentration by artificial neural network models.@WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 5(7), 359-368.@Yes$Feng J.L., Hu Z.G., Ju J.T. and Zhu L.P. (2011).@Variations in trace element including rare earth element concentrations with grain sizes in loess and their implications for tracing the provenance of eolian deposits.@Quat In,t (236), 116-126.@Yes$Xu Y., Song J., Duan L., Li X., Yuan H., Li N., Zhang P., Zhang Y., Xu S., Zhang M., Wu X. and Yin X. (2012).@Fraction characteristics of rare earth elements in the surface sediment of Bohai Bay, North China.@Environ Monit Assess., 184(12), 7275-7292.@Yes$Panwar S., Khan M.Y.A. and Chakrapani G.J. (2016).@Grain size characteristics and provenance determination of sediment and dissolved load of Alaknanda River, Garhwal Himalaya, India.@Environ Earth Sci., 75(2), 91.@Yes$Folk R.L. and Ward W.C. (1957).@Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters.@Journal of Sedimentary Research, 27(1), 3-26.@Yes$Pandey S.K., Singh A.K. and Hasnain S.I. (2002).@Grain-size distribution, morphoscopy and elemental chemistry of suspended sediments of Pindari Glacier, Kumaon Himalaya, India.@Hydrological sciences journal, 47(2), 213-226.@Yes$Zhang Q., Xu C., Becker S. and Jiang T. (2006).@Sediment and runoff changes in the Yangtze River basin during past 50 years.@J. Hydrol., 331, 511-523.@Yes$Chakrapani G.J. and Saini R.K. (2009).@Temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment load in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers in Himalaya, India.@Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 35(6), 545-553.@Yes$Reddy O.G.P., Maji A.K. and Gajbhiye S.K. (2004).@Drainage morphometry and its influence on land form characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India - A remote sensing and GIS approach.@International Journal of Applied. Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 6(1), 1-16.@Yes$Wohl E.E. and Thompson D.M. (2000).@Velocity characteristics along a small step-pool channel.@Earth surface processes and landforms, 25(4), 353-367.@Yes$Seeber L. and Gornitz V. (1983).@River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics.@Tectonophysics, 92(4), 335-367.@Yes$Hammer K.M. and Smith N.D. (1983).@Sediment production and transport in a proglacial stream: Hilda Glacier, Alberta, Canada.@Boreas, 12(2), 91-106.@Yes$Shrestha M.B., Yamadera Y. and Miyazaki T. (2001).@A study on root morphology of the plants that were introduced to stabilize steep road cut slope of the Siwalik region in Nepal.@J. Japan. Soc. Reveget. Tech., 27(2), 416-429.@Yes$Wood P.J. and Armitage P.D. (1997).@Biological effects of fine sediment in the lotic environment.@Environmental Management, 21(2), 203-217.@Yes$Waters T. (1995).@Sediment in Streams: Sources, Biological Effects, and Control.@American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, 251. ISBN: 0-913235-97-0.@Yes$Brunke M. and Gonser T.O.M. (1997).@The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater.@Freshwater Biology, 37(1), 1-33.@Yes$Packman A.I. and MacKay J.S. (2003).@Interplay of stream-subsurface exchange, clay particle deposition, and streambed evolution.@Water Resources Research, 39(4). DOI: 10.1029/2002WR001432.@Yes$Sch&auml;lchli U. (1992).@The clogging of coarse gravel river beds by fine sediment.@Hydrobiologia, 235, 189-197.@Yes$Boulton A.J., Findlay S., Marmonier P., Stanley E.H. and Valett H.M. (1998).@The functional significance of the hyporheic zone in streams and rivers.@Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 59-81.@Yes$Valett H.M., Dahm C.N., Campana M.E., Morrice J.A., Baker M.A. and Fellows C.S. (1997).@Hydrologic influences on groundwater-surface water ecotones: heterogeneity in nutrient composition and retention.@Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(1), 239-247.@Yes$Mulholland P.J., Marzolf E.R., Webster J.R., Hart D.R. and Hendricks S.P. (1997).@Evidence that hyporheic zones increase heterotrophic metabolism and phosphorus uptake in forest streams.@Limnology and Oceanography, 42(3), 443-451.@Yes$Lone A., Shah R., Mohmadahmad H.A. and Rafiq M. (2018).@Source identification of Organic Matter using C/N Ratio in freshwater lakes of Kashmir Valley, Western Himalaya, India.@Himalayan Geology, 39, 101-114.@Yes$Kumar R., Rani M., Gupta H. and Gupta B. (2014).@Trace metal fractionation in water and sediments of an urban river stretch.@Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 26(4), 200-209.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessment of water quality of the Nyando River (Muhoroni-Kenya) using the water quality index (WQI) method<#LINE#>Achieng@George O. ,Shikuku@Victor O. ,Andala@Dickson M. ,Okowa@George M. ,Owuor@James J.  <#LINE#>27-33<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-103.pdf<#LINE#>Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 - 40105, Maseno, Kenya@Kaimosi Friends University College, P.O. Box 385-50309, Kaimosi, Kenya@Multimedia University of Kenya, P.O. Box 15653-00503, Nairobi, Kenya@CSI International Ltd, P.O. Box 47846-00100, Nairobi, Kenya@The Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya<#LINE#>2/11/2018<#LINE#>14/1/2019<#LINE#>The quality of a river water is described by the levels of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. The aim of the present work was to determine the water quality of NyandoRiver water from four sampling stations (Muhoroni, Homalime, Kipchui and Wasao) in Muhoroni sub-catchment area and calculate the water quality index (WQI). Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined in water samples following standard protocols. The findings were compared with the allowable limits as stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Standard (KS) for drinking water. The calculated Water Quality Indices (WQI) ranged from 51.88 to 101.13 lying between &quot;poor water quality&quot; and &quot;unsuitable for drinking&quot;. It is determined that TVC, Fe and Mn represent the most effective water quality parameters for calculation of WQI in Nyando River.<#LINE#>Gorde S.P. and Jadhav M.V. (2013).@Assessment of Water Quality Parameters: A Review.@International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 3(6), 2029-2035.@Yes$Sargaonkar A. and Deshpande V. (2003).@Development of an Overall Index of Pollution for Surface Water Based on a General Classification Scheme in Indian Context.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 89(1), 43-67.@Yes$Tsegaye T., Sheppard D., Islam K.R., Johnson A., Tadesse W., Atalay A. and Marzen L. (2006).@Development of chemical index as a measure of in stream water quality in responseto land use and land cover changes.@Water Air Soil Pollut., 174, 161-179.@Yes$Subramani T., Elango L., Srinivasalu S. and Marikio T. (2005).@Geological setting and groundwater chemistry in Chithar River basin, Tamil Nadu, India.@J. Indian. Miner., 39, 108-119.@Yes$Horton R.K. (1965).@An index number system for rating water quality.@J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 37(3), 300-306.@Yes$Brown R.M., McClelland N.I., Deininger R.A. and Tozer R.G. (1970).@A water quality index-do we dare? Water Sew.@Works, 117, 339-343.@Yes$Abdul H.M.J.A., Bahram K.M. and Abass J.K. (2010).@Evaluating Raw and Treated Water Quality of Tigris River within Baghdad by Index Analysis.@Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2, 629-635.@Yes$Taha H.A. and Zakyaria N.M.S. (2016).@Assessments of Water Quality index (WQI) For Tigris River in Mosul City/ North of Iraq.@International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(8), 82-92.@No$Ahaneku I.E. and Animashaun I.M. (2013).@Determination of water quality index of river Asa, Ilorin, Nigeria.@Advanced Applied Scientific Research, 4(6), 277-284.@Yes$Uddin M.N., Alam M.S., Mobin M.N. and Miah M.A. (2014).@An Assessment of the River Water Quality Parameter: A case of Jamuna River.@Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 7(1), 249-256.@Yes$Gor A. and Shah A. (2014).@Water Quality Index of Mahi River, Vadodara, Gujarat.@International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 2(3), 3214-3219.@Yes$APHA (1998).@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, Sewage, and Wastewater.@20th Ed., Washington D.C., American Public Health Association.@No$Sahu P. and Sikdar P.K. (2008).@Hydrochemical framework of the aquifer in and around East Kolkata wetlands, West Bengal, India.@Environ. Geol., 55, 823-835.@Yes$Varol S. and Davraz A. (2015).@Evaluation of the groundwater quality with WQI (Water Quality Index) and multivariate analysis: a case study of the Tefenni plain (Burdur/ Turkey).@Environ. Earth Sci., 73(4), 1725-1744.@Yes$WHO (2008).@Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality.@World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.@No$Cho I., Somerfield C. and Hilal N. (2013).@Odour Problems in Potable Water and its Treatment Options: a Review.@International Review of Biophysical Chemistry (IREBIC), 4(6), 203-226.@No$G&ouml;ransson G., Larson M. and Bendz D. (2013).@Variation in turbidity with precipitation and flow in a regulated River system - river G&ouml;ta &auml;lv, SW Sweden.@Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 2529-2542.@No$APHA (2005).@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.@21st Edition, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/ Water Environment Federation, Washington DC.@Yes$Tinker S.C., Moe C.L., Klein M., Flanders W.D., Uber J., Amirtharajah A., Singer P. and Tolbert P.E. (2010).@Drinking water turbidity and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in Atlanta, 1993-2004.@Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 20(1), 19-28. http://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.68.@Yes$Sugiura N. and Nakano K. (2000).@Causative microorganisms for musty odour occurrence the eutrophic lake Kasumigaura.@Hydrobiologia, 434, 145-150.@Yes$Amadi A.N., Olasehide P.I., Okosun E.A. and Yisa J. (2010).@Assessment of the water quality index of Otamiri and Oramiriukwa Rivers.@Physics International, 2, 116-123.@Yes$Ayoob S. and Gupta K. (2006).@Fluoride in drinking water: a review on the status and stress effects.@Environmental Science and Technology, 36(6), 433-487.@Yes$Egereonu U.U. and Nwachukwu U.L. (2005).@Evaluation of the surface and groundwater resources of Efuru River Catchment, Mbano, South Eastern, Nigeria.@J. Assoc. Adv. Model. Simulat. Tech. Enterpr., 66, 53-71.@Yes$Chinhanga J.R. (2010).@Impact of industrial effluent from an iron and steel company on the physico- chemical quality of Kikwe River in Zimbabwe.@International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2(7), 129-140.@Yes$Lee S.H., Levy D.A., Craun G.F., Beach M.J. and Calderon R.L. 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