@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Biodegradation of plastic after UV treatment by composting using vegetable waste<#LINE#>Mohd. Arshad @Siddiqqui <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-013.pdf<#LINE#>School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382030, India<#LINE#>2/2/2018<#LINE#>8/11/2018<#LINE#>As time is going on the rate of use of plastic is increasing and there is a big challenge before us to degrade that plastic. The plastic is durable and take much time to complete degradation. It takes about 1000 years to complete degradation in natural environmental condition. The plastic could sometimes responsible for the cause of block in digestive system of aves and mammals and also affects the seed germination in plants. When we go through the literature, there are many plastic degrading technologies are developed, but the economic and eco-friendly method could be biodegradation using indigenous microbes. The objective of this study was to isolate the plastic degrading bacteria from the Pirana municipal solid waste dumping site, Ahmedabad and use that bacteria in degradation of UV treated plastic in developed aerobic composting bioreactor. The results from the study shows the confirmation of biodegradation of plastic sample which is analysed by surface change, comparing weight loss before and after the biodegradation experiment. Finally, it could be concluded that if we disturb the physical state (i.e.by reducing molecular weight), the biodegradation rate of the plastic could be increased.<#LINE#>Nriagu J.O. and Pacyna J.M. (1988).@Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals.@Int. J. Sci., 333, 134-139.@Yes$Artham T. and Doble M. (2008).@Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic polycarbonates.@Macromol. Biosci., 8(1), 14-24.@Yes$Gu J.D. (2003).@Microbiological deterioration and degradation of synthetic polymeric materials: recent research advances.@Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 52(2), 69-91.@Yes$Vidali M. (2001).@Bioremediation. An overview.@Pure Appl. Chem., 73(7), 1163-1172.@Yes$Kamaludeen S.P.B., Arunkumar K.R. and Ramasamy K. (2003).@Bioremediation of chromium contaminated environments.@Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 41(9), 972-985.@Yes$Hadad D., Geresh S. and Sivan A. (2005).@Biodegradation of polyethylene by the thermophilic bacterium Brevibacillusborstelensis.@J Appl Microbiol, 98(5), 1093-1100.@Yes$Muller R.J. (1992).@An interlaboratory investigation into the biodeterioration of plastics, with special reference to polyurethanes; Part 1: A modified sturm test.@Material und Organismen, 27, 179-189.@No$Gnanavel G., Valli V.P.M.J., Thirumarimurugan M. and Kannadasan T. (2014).@Degradation of polyethylene in the natural environment.@Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2(1), 1-6.@Yes$Saminathan P., Sripriya A., Nalini K., Sivakumar T. and Thangapandian V. (2014).@Biodegradation of plastics by Pseudomonas putida isolated from garden soil samples.@J Adv Bot Zool, 1(3), 34-38.@Yes$Sowmya H.V., Ramalingappa M.K. and Thippeswamy B. (2014).@Biodegradation of polyethylene by Bacillus cereus.@Advances in Polymer Science and Technology: An International Journal, 4(2), 28-32.@Yes$Raaman N., Rajitha N., Jayshree A. and Jegadeesh R. (2012).@Biodegradation of plastic by Aspergillus spp. isolated from polythene polluted sites around Chennai.@J. Acad. Indus. Res, 1(6), 313-316.@Yes
<#LINE#>Water quality assessment in the lakes of Pokhara Valley, Nepal<#LINE#>Ganga Sagar @Bhattarai,Suresh @Jaiswal,Bipin @Chapagain,Abhishek @Lamichhane,Prakash @Khanal,Bikash @Pandey,Man Bahadur @Khatri,Bishnu Raj @Tiwari <#LINE#>8-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-077.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal@School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal<#LINE#>24/8/2018<#LINE#>12/12/2018<#LINE#>The bacteriological quality of the Lakes water in Nepal is a limited issue. In the lakes of Pokhara Valley, the water quality reaching to the natural sources are highly contaminated. Water may contain many pathogenic micro-organisms from different sources and some of them may be multiple drugs resistant. The sampling method was purposive sampling method. For the quality assessment, a total of 8 Lakes (Fewa, Begnas, Rupa, Khaste, Depang, Maidi, Neureni and Gunde) were selected within the Pokhara. The study period was from January to February 2017. Water quality was assessed by different physico-chemical parameters like, temperature, pH, TDS, total hardness, alkalinity, BOD. The microbiological analysis was enumerated by membrane filtration technique. Antibiotic senesitivity test of the different isolates towards various antimicrobial discs was done by disk diffusion method. Among the total 136 Samples collected, for the study, all the parameters were on the desirable limits except that of the BOD of Fewa, Begnas, Deepang, Rupa Lakes. The total of 202 isolates of the colony shows the large number of coli form bacteria in all the lakes which suggest fecal contamination. Also most of the bacteria were found to be multiple drugs resistant. Most of the lakes were found to be seriously contaminated with marker organisms suggesting the disquieting situation of water contamination. Rapid action is desired to be taken to get better the bacteriological excellence of the lakes of Pokhara valley.<#LINE#>Ahmed T., Scholz M., Al-Faraj F. and Niaz W. (2016).@Water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture and subsequently on public health: A review for generalists with particular reference to Pakistan.@International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(11), 1051.@Yes$Aderigbe S.A., Awoyemi A.O. and Osagbami G.K. (2008).@Availability, Adequacy and Quality of Water supply in Ilorin Metropolis Nigeria.@Eur. J. Sci. Res., 23(4), 528-536.@Yes$Park K. (2002).@Environment and Health in: Park Textbook of preventive and social medicine.@17.@No$Fenwick Alan (2006).@Waterborne - Could they be consigned to History?.@Science, 313, 1077-1081.@Yes$Cabral J.P. (2010).@Water Microbiology. Bacteria Pathogens and Water.@Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health, 7, 3657-3703.@No$Sood A., Singh K.D., Pandey P. and Sharma S. (2008).@Assessment of bacterial indicators and physicochemical parameters to investigate pollution status of Gangetic river system of Uttarakhand (India).@Ecological Indicators, 8(5), 709-717.@Yes$Loeffler H. (1969).@High altitude lakes in Mt. Everest region.@Verh.-Int.Ver. Limnol., 17, 373-385.@Yes$Okino T. and Satoh Y. (1986).@Morphology, physics, chemistry and biology of lake Rara in west Nepal.@Hydrobiologia, 140, 125-133.@Yes$Ferro W. (1978).@Limnology of the Pokhara Valley lakes (Himalayan region, Nepal) and its implication for fishery and fish culture.@A report prepared for Integrated Fishery and Fish Culture Development Project, FAO, Rome.@Yes$Ferro W. (1978).@Some limnological and biological data from Rara, a deep Himalayan lake in Nepal.@J Nepal Centre Kathmandu Nepal, 2, 241-261.@Yes$Maeda O. and Ichimura S.E. (1973).@Limnological investigations in lakes of the Pokhara Valley, Nepal.@Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 58(5), 659-672.@Yes$Jones J.R., Nowlton M.F. and Swar D.B. (1989).@Limnological reconnaissance of water bodies in central and southern Nepal.@Hydrobiologia, 184(3), 171-189.@Yes$Cheesbrough Monica (2000).@Microbiological Tests In: District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries.@Low Price Edition, Cambridge University Press, UK, 1-266.@Yes$World Health Organization (2003).@Guidelines for safe recreational water environments volume 1 coastal and fresh waters, geneva.@World Health Organization.@Yes$Griffin D.W., Lipp E.K., Mclaughlin M.R. and Rose J.B. (2001).@Marine Recreation and Public Health Microbiology: Quest for the Ideal Indicator.@Bio Science, 51(10), 817-825.@Yes$World Health Organization (2011).@Guidelines for drinking-water quality.@4. Geneva: World Health Organization.@No$Gupta P., Vishwakarma M. and Rawtani P.M. (2009).@Assessment of water quality parameters of Kerwa Dam for drinking suitability.@International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 1(2), 5-6.@Yes$Diersing N. (2009).@Water Quality: Frequently Asked Questions PDA.@NOAA.@Yes$World Health Organization (2004).@Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Volume III, WHO, Geneva.@World Health Organization.@No$Jayaraman P.R., Gangadevi T. and Vasuena N.T. (2003).@Water quality studies on Kasmaneriver, Thiruvanthapuram, district, South Kerela, India.@Poll. Res. 32, 89-100.@Yes$Patil P.N., Sawant D.V. and Deshmukh R.N. (2012).@Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water-A review.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(3), 1194.@Yes$Shyamala R., Shanthi M. and Lalitha P. (2009).@Physicochemical Analysis of Bore well Water Samples of Telungupalayam Area in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India.@Elect. J Chem., 5, 924-929.@Yes$Le Minor (2003).@The genus Salmonella.@In The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community (electronic release 3.14, 3th ed.); Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: New York, NY, USA.@No$Luczkiewicz A., Jankowska K., Fudala-Ksi&#261;&#380;ek S. and Ola&#324;czuk Neyman K. (2010).@Antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators in municipal wastewater treatment plant.@Water Research., 44(17), 5089-5097.@Yes$Blaak H., Lynch G., Italiaander R., Hamidjaja R.A., Schets F.M. and de Roda Husman A.M. (2015).@Multidrug-resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch surface water and wastewater.@PloS One, 10(6), e0127752.@Yes$Mohanta T. and Goel S. (2014).@Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in three different aquatic environments over three seasons.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(8), 5089-5100.@Yes$Centers for Disease Control (1981).@Suggested health and safety guidelines for public spas and hot tubs.@Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 14, 15, DHHS publication no. 99-960.@Yes
<#LINE#>Consequences of crude oil on some indigenous microorganisms and edible plants in Kogi State University demonstration farm, Anyigba, Nigeria<#LINE#>Emurotu, Marvelous @Olubunmi <#LINE#>16-22<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-081.pdf<#LINE#>Microbiology Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria<#LINE#>31/8/2018<#LINE#>20/12/2018<#LINE#>Different levels of crude oil were added to soil samples: 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% v/w for 4 weeks and observations were made for the effects of the crude on the indigenous bacterial and fungal populations and also on the dry matter of spinach, maize, tomato and beans crops. The microbial count showed that there was a progressive decrease in the microbial counts of the soil treated samples as shown in tables 2 and 3. Lower microbial counts were observed in the treated samples compared to control. The mean bacterial counts decreased at 2% treatment (2.46 X106) when compared to the control (0%) (2.60 X106) treatment, it slightly increases at 4% treatment to 3.06X106 then, the counts decreased all through the 6 and 8% treatments progressively. The mean fungal counts also had an initial decrease of 3.38X104 and 1.9 X104at both 2% and 4% treatments compared to the control which was 4.6 X104. The mean fungal count tend to increase at 6% (5.86 X104) but it decreased again at 8% (4.08 X104). The crude oil made the soil to be acidic compared to the control; it also made the soil to retain moisture content, thereby becoming water logged and anaerobic in nature; at 28 day, it slightly increased the contents of the organic matter in the treated soil samples. Phytochemical properties present in the plants (alkaloid, phenols, tannin and flavonoid) were affected negatively by the crude oil application. Also, it was observed that the stem dry weight matter, leaves dry weight matter and root dry weight matter reduced as the crude oil concentrations in the soil samples increased.<#LINE#>IJER (2007).@Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment.@International Journal of Environmental Research, 1(4), 307-320.@No$Adams G.O., Tawari-Fugfeyin P. and Iglenyah E. (2014).@Bioremediation of spent oil contaminated soils using poultry litter.@Research Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 124-130.@Yes$Atlas R.M. and Bartha R. (1973).@Stimulated Biodegradation of Oil Slicks Using Oleophilic Fertilizers.@Environmental Science & Technology, 7(6), 538-541.@Yes$Walker J.D. and Colwell R.R. (1976).@Petroleum degradation by estuarine microorganisms.@In: Proceedings of the Third International biodegradation symposium. Sharpley JM, Kaplan AM (editors), Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., London, 197-204.@Yes$Gills L.S. and Sandota R.A.M. (1976).@Effect of foilarly applied CCC on the growth of Phaseolus aureus Roxb, Mung or green gram).@Banggladesh J. Biol. Sci., 15(1), 35-40.@Yes$Glouse A.K.M., Saidi S.H. and Atique A. (1980).@Effect of pollution on the foliar organs of Callistemon citrinus Stap.@F. J. Sci. Res., 2(1), 207-209.@Yes$Atuanya E.I. (1987).@Effects of Waste Engine Oil Pollution on Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soil.@Nigerian Journal of Applied Science, 55(1), 155-176.@Yes$Rowell M.J. (1977).@The Effect of Crude Oil Spills on Soils. A Review of Literature.@In: The Reclamation of Agricultural Soils after Oil Spills, Toogood, J.A. (Ed.). University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1-33.@Yes$Smit B., Stachowiak M. and Volkenburgh E.V. (1989).@Cellular processes limiting leaf growth in plants under hypoxic root stress.@Journal of experimental botany, 40(1), 89-94.@Yes$Okpokwasili G.C. and Okorie B.B. (1988).@Biodeterioration potentials of microorganisms isolated from car engine lubricating oil.@Tribol. Int., 21(4), 215-220.@Yes$Antai S.P. and Mgbomo E. (1989).@Distribution of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the Ahoada oil-spill areas.@Microbios Leters, 40(1), 137-143.@Yes$Walkley A. and Black I.A. (1934).@An Examination of the Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter and Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid titration Method.@Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38.@Yes$Odu C.T.I., Babalola O., Udo E.J., Ogunkunle A.O., Bakare T.A. and Adeoye G.O. (1986).@Laboratory manual for agronomic studies in soil, plant and microbiology.@1st ed. Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 83.@Yes$Collins C.H. and Lynes P.M. (1976).@Microbial Methods.@Butterworths and Company Ltd. Great Britain, 159-427.@Yes$Ekpo M.A. and Odu C.T.I. (2000).@Effect of drilling mud additives on dry matter production and yield of maize (Zea mays).@J. Appl. Sci., 4(1), 1885-1894.@Yes$Harborne J.B. (1998).@Phytochemical Methods - A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Anbalysis.@Chapman and Hall, London, 182-190.@Yes$Evans W.C. and Trease G.E. (2002).@Trease and Evans pharmacognosy.@16th edition Saunders Ltd, China, 2002, 193-407.@Yes$Ekpo M.A. and Ebeagwu C.J. (2009).@The effect of crude oil on microorganisms and dry matter of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis).@Scientific Research and Essays, 4(8), 733-739.@Yes$Luhach J. and Chaudry S. (2012).@Effect of Diesel Fuel contamination on seed germination and growth of fouragricultural crops.@Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(4), 311-317.@Yes$Reddy N.R., Pierson M.D., Sathe S.K. and Salunkhe D.K. (1985).@Dry Beans Tannins: A Review of Nutritional Implications.@Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 62(3), 541-549.@Yes$Ekpo M.A. and Etim P.C. (2009).@Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sida acuta on microorganisms from skin infections.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(9), 621-624.@Yes$Amakiri J.O. and Onofeghara F.A. (1984).@Effects of crude oil pollution on the germination of Zea mays and Capsicum frutescens.@Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, 35(2), 159-167.@Yes$Proffitt C.E., Delvin D.E. and Lindsey M. (1995).@Effect of oil on mangrove seedlings grown under different environmental conditions.@Marine Pollution Bul., 30(12), 788-793.@Yes$Ekpo M.A. and Nwaankpa I.L. (2005).@Effect of crude oil on microorganisms and growth of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the tropics.@J. Sustainable Trop. Agric. Res., 16, 67-71.@Yes$Odu C.T.I. (1972).@Microbiology of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons III. Natural rehabilitation and reclamation of soils affected.@Institute of petroleum Technology Publication, 77-102.@No$Ekpo M.A. and Ekpo E.I. (2006).@Utilisation of Bonny light and Bonny medium crude oils by microorganisms isolated from Qua Iboe River Estuary.@Nig. J. Microbiol., 20, 832-839.@Yes$Nakamura S., Sakamoto Y., Ishiyama M., Tanaka D., Kunu K., Kubo K. and Sato C. (2007).@Characteristic of two oil-degradingbacteria groups in the Nakhodka oil spill.@International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 60,  202-207.@Yes$Hozumi T., Tsutsumi H. and Kono M. (2000).@Bioremediation on the shore after an oil spill from the Nakhodka in the sea of Japan. 1. Chemistry and characteristics of heavy oil loaded on the Nakhodka and biodegradation tests by a bioremediation agent with microbiological cultures in the laboratory.@Marine pollution bulletin, 40, 308-314.@Yes$Baker J.M. (1971).@The effects of oils on plants.@Environ. Pollution, 1, 27-44.@No$Odu C.T. (1981).@Degradation and weathering of crude oil under tropical condition.@Proceedings of the International Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment, November 9-12, 1981, NNPC, Lagos, 164-170.@Yes$Anoliefo G.O. and Vwioko D.E. (1995).@Effects spent lubricating oil on the growth of Capsicum annum L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Miller.@Environmental Pollution, 88, 361-364.@Yes
<#LINE#>Evaluation of the characteristics of wastewater from slaughterhouses in South Eastern Nigeria for design of appropriate treatment system<#LINE#>Okoye Nelson @Mbanefo,Madubuike Chimaobi @Nnaemeka,Nwuba Ifeanyi @Uba,Orakwe Louis @Chukwuemeka,Ugwuishiwu @Boniface O. <#LINE#>23-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-084.pdf<#LINE#>Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria@Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria@Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria@Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria@Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<#LINE#>3/9/2018<#LINE#>24/12/2018<#LINE#>Wastewater from seven slaughterhouses was evaluated in terms of quality and quantity. Effluent Samples were obtained from the slaughterhouses outlet channels and analyzed for Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Solids (TS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4-N), Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N), Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-N), Phosphate (PO43-). Results show that the current effluent quality from the slaughterhouses is not suitable for discharge into surface water. The physicochemical wastewater parameter values were very high such as values of 3144.8&plusmn;251.07&#956;S/cm for Electrical Conductivity, 1667.8&plusmn;127.58mg/l for Total Dissolved Solids, 1049.3&plusmn;235.75mg/l for Biochemical Oxygen Demand and 1698.9&plusmn;291.91mg/l for Chemical Oxygen Demand. The study also revealed a serious water economy at the facilities.<#LINE#>Sangodoyin A.Y. and Agbawhe O.M. (1992).@Environmental study on surface and groundwater pollutants from abattoir effluents.@Bioresource Technology, 41, 193-200.@Yes$World Bank (1998).@Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Toward Cleaner Production.@The World Bank Group in Collaboration with UNEP and UNIDO, IBRD/The World.@Yes$Coker A.O., Olugasa B.O. and Adeyemi A.O. (2001).@Abattoir wastewater quality in South Western Nigeria.@Proceedings of the 27th WEDC Conference. Lusaca, Zambia, 329-331.@Yes$Osibanjo O. and Adie G.U. (2007).@Impact of effluent from Bodija abattoir on the physicochemical parameters of Osunkaye stream in Ibadan City, Nigeria.@Afri. J. Biotech., 6(15), 1806-1811.@Yes$Ojo J.O. (2014).@Environmental impact assessment of effluents from Oko-Oba Municipal abattoir at Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria.@Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(10), 317-320. (ISSN: 2315-5094).@Yes$Akan J.C., Abdulrahman F.I. and Yusuf E. (2010).@Physical and chemical parameters in Abattoir wastewater sample, Maiduguri metropolis, Nigeria.@The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 11(1), 640-648.@Yes$Ubwa S.T., Atoo G.H., Offem J.O., Abah J. and Asemave K. (2013).@An assessment of surface water pollution status around Gboko abattoir.@African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 7(3), 131-138. http://www.academic journals.org/ AJPAC.@Yes$Atuanya E.I., Nwogu N.A. and Akpor E.A. (2012).@Effluent qualities of government and private abattoirs and their effects on Ikpoba River, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.@Advances in Biological Research, 6(5), 196-201.@Yes$Adeyemi-Ale O.A. (2014).@Impact of Abattoir Effluent on the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Gbagi Stream (Odo-Eran), Ibadan, Nigeria.@Ilorin Journal of Science, ILJS-14-022, 1(1), 100-109.@Yes$Adegbola A.A. and Adewoye A.O. (2012).@On investigating pollution of groundwater from Atenda Abattoir wastes, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.@International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(9), 1569-1585.@Yes$Adesemoye A.O., Opere B.O. and Makinde S.C.O. (2006).@Microbial content of abattoir waste water and its contaminated soil in Lagos, Nigeria.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(20), 1963-1968.@Yes$USEPA (2016).@Approved General-Purpose Methods | CWA Methods | US EPA.@<http://water.epa.gov/cwa-methods> Retrieved 23/05/2016.@No$APHA (1998).@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.@20th edn ed. Washington DC, USA: American Public Health Association, American water Works Association and Water Environment Federation.@No$FEPA (1991).@National interim guidelines and standards for industrial effluent, gaseous emissions and hazardous wastes.@Abuja, Nigeria, 33-63.@No$Mittal G.S. (2004).@Characterization of the effluent wastewater from abattoirs for land application.@Journal of Food Reviews International, Taylor & Francis group, 20(3), 229-256.@Yes$Ekanem K.V., Chukwuma G.O. and Ubah J.I. (2016).@Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of effluent discharged from Karu abattoir.@International Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2).@No$Ojo J.O. and Alamuoye O.F. (2015).@Bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics of abattoir effluents from Ado-Ekiti municipal abattoir Ekiti State, Nigeria.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 3(10), 838-841.@No$Tidjanihisseine A., Kamga R. and Tchadanaye N.M. (2016).@Physicochemical evaluation of wastewater from abattoir, brewery, soap and oil factories, at Moundou City in Southern Chad.@Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 6(1), (Part-2), 19-30.@Yes$Tritt W.P. and Schuchardt F. (1992).@Materials flow and possibilities of treating liquid and solid wastes from slaughterhouses in Germany.@Bioresource Technology, 41(3), 235-245.@Yes$Noukeu N.A., Gouado I., Priso R.J., Ndongo D., Taffouo V.D., Dibong S.D. and Ekodeck G.E. (2016).@Characterization of effluent from food processing industries and stillage treatment trial with Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart.) and Panicummaximum (Jacq.).@Water Resources and Industry, 16, 1-18.@Yes$Wu P.F. and Mittal G.S. (2011).@Characterization of provincial inspected slaughterhouse wastewater in Ontario, Canada.@Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 54, 6.9-6.18.@Yes$Johns M.R. (1995).@Developments in wastewater treatment in the meat processing industry: A review.@Bioresource Technology 54, 203-216.@Yes$Environment Agency (2008).@Guiding small businesses through environmental regulations.@Available online at: http://www.netregs.gov.uk/netregs/sectors/ (Assessed 24/07/2015 at 15.30)@No$Adeyemo O.K. (2002).@Unhygienic operation of a city abattoir in south western Nigeria: Environmental implication.@Afri. Jour. of Envir. Ass. and Manag., 4(1), 23-28.@Yes
<#LINE#>Nutrient restoration capacity of Eichhornia crassipes compost on a nutrient-depleted soil<#LINE#>Carlo C. @Bondoc <#LINE#>30-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-086.pdf<#LINE#>La Consolacion University Philippines, Philippines<#LINE#>6/9/2018<#LINE#>1/1/2019<#LINE#>Eichhornia crassipesis an invasive water plant that can cause severe problems to society and ecosystem in many parts of the world. This weed can withstand varied extreme environmental conditions in temperature, wind, humidity, illumination, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity. The probable means of combating its propagation and the various means of getting rid of this weed not proved much. This study investigated the potentials of E. crassipes in replenishing macronutrients specifically nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in a nutrient-depleted soil. Using an experimental study, water hyacinth was explored by comparing two conditions: i. the sundried compost; and ii. the fresh compost in soil. The composting lasted for 31 days, enough for the water hyacinth to decompose. The data gathered were then analyzed using single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that NPK improved from low to medium and high levels. Among sundried and fresh water hyacinth composts, there were significant effects in the nitrogen and phosphorous level in sundried treatment. Others do not have significant differences in NPK content before and after the composting, however all nutrient level means increased.<#LINE#>Labrador J., Gordillo J., Ruiz T. and Moreno M. (2015).@Re-use of invasive plant (water hyacinth) as organic fertilizer through composting and vermicomposting (Extremadura, Spain).@Geophysical Research Abstracts, 17.@Yes$Hossain M.E., Sikder H., Kabir M.H. and Sarma S.M. (2015).@Nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes).@Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 5(2), 40-44. Scienceline/Journal homepages: http://www.science-line.com/index/; http://www.ojafr.ir.@Yes$Nath S. and Singh K. (2015).@Analysis of different nutrient status of liquid bio-fertilizer of different combinations of buffalo dung with gram bran and water hyacinth through vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida.@Environment, Development and Sustainability, 18(3), 645-656. doi:10. 1007/s10668-015-9666-6.@Yes$Gunnarsson C.C. and Petersen C.M. (2007).@Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production: A literature review.@Waste Management, 27(1), 117-129.	 doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.011.@Yes$Vidya S. and Girish L. (2014).@Water hyacinth as a green manure for organic farming.@IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, 2(6), 65-72.@Yes$UNEP Global Environmental Alert Services (2013).@Thematic Focus: Ecosystem Management.@@No$Umsakul K., Dissara Y. and Srimuang N. (2010).@Chemical, Physical and Microbiological Changes during Composting of the Water Hyacinth.@Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13(20), 985-992. doi:10.3923/ pjbs.2010.985.992.@Yes$T&eacute;llez T.R., L&oacute;pez E., Granado G., P&eacute;rez E., L&oacute;pez R. and Guzm&aacute;n J. (2008).@The Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes: An invasive plant in the Guadiana River Basin (Spain).@Aquatic Invasions, 3(1), 42-53. doi:10.3391/ ai.2008.3.1.8.@Yes$Mashavira M., Chitata T., Mhindu R.L., Muzemu S., Kapenzi A. and Manjeru P. (2015).@The Effect of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Compost on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Growth Attributes, Yield Potential and Heavy Metal Levels.@AJPS American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(4), 545-553. doi:10.4236/ ajps.2015.64059@Yes$Jafari N. (2010).@Ecological and socio-economic utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart Solms).@Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 14(2). doi:10.4314/jasem.v14i2.57834@Yes$Alade G.A. and Ojoawo S.O. (2009).@Purification of domestic sewage by water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).@International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 10(3-4), 286-294. doi:10.1504/ijetm.2009.023735.@Yes$Gowariker V., Krishnamurthy V.N. and Gowariker S. (2009).@The Fertilizer Encyclopedia.@John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New Jersey.@Yes$Polprasert C., Kongsricharoern N. and Kanjanaprapin W. (1994).@Production of Feed and Fertilizer from Water Hyacinth Plants in the Tropics.@Waste Management and Research, 12(1), 3-11. doi:10.1177/0734242x9401200102.@Yes$Uchida R. (2000).@Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth: Nutrient Functions and Deficiency Symptoms.@In: Silva, J.A. and Uchida, R., Eds., Plant Nutrient Management in Hawaii's Soils, Approaches for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 31-55.@Yes$Makhania M. and Upadhyay A. (2015).@Study of Flower Waste Composting to Generate Organic Nutrients.@International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 2(2), 145-149.@Yes$Pace M.G., Miller B.E. and Farrell-Poe K.L. (1995).@The Composting Process.@All Archived Publications.@Yes$Andika D.O., Ogada J.A. and Hayombe Po. (2016).@Producing liquid organic fertilizer from water hyacinth; a case of lake Victoria, Kenya.@International Journal of Science and Research, 5(2), 1229-1238@Yes
<#LINE#>Removal of iron and turbidity from ground water by natural and chemical coagulants<#LINE#>Protima @Sarker,MD. Shahidul @Islam ,Mohammad Mahbub @Kabir <#LINE#>36-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2018-093.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814@Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814@Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814<#LINE#>27/9/2018<#LINE#>30/12/2018<#LINE#>Water is an essential element of our life. But when this water contains impurities like iron, turbidity, it impacts on water consumption. The objectives of this study were removal of iron and turbidity by using coagulation, sedimentation, jar test and filtration. Dolichos lablab, Litchi chinensis were used as natural coagulant and alum was used as chemical coagulant. Turbidity was removed by Litchi chinensis (88%) which was better than of Dolichos lablab (48%). But chemical coagulant alum (98.4%) was more successful than natural coagulants. pH was differed for Dolichos lablab (8.36) and Litchi chinensis (8.16) due to addition of alum in the treatment process. Salinity (359.13mg/l) was unaffected throughout the whole experiment. EC (406.2&micro;S/cm) and TDS (201.99g/l) were decreased for natural coagulants `and increased (466.23&micro;S/cm, 232.99g/l) for chemical coagulant. Initial value of Iron was measured 2.19mg/l. Both natural and chemical coagulant were successfully removed Iron up to 97.17%. All the analyzed parameters were compared with national and international drinking water quality standards to understand treated water quality. All of the physicochemical parameters of samples were in acceptable limits. The study recommended that, treated water could be used for drinking and domestic purposes.<#LINE#>R.M.Abd El-aal, W.H. Hegazy, I.A. Ibrahem and M.A. Esmail (2017).@Spectroscopic Determination of Some Heavy Metalsandtheir Effect on the Quality of Ground Water.@International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(4), 1276-1289.@No$Akter T., Jhohura F.T., Akter F., Chowdhury T.R., Mistry S.K., Dey D., Barua M.K., Islam M.A. and Rahman M. (2016).@Water Quality Index for measuring drinking water quality in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.@Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 35(1), 4.@Yes$Kalogirou S.A. (2005).@Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources.@Progress in energy and combustion science, 31(3), 242-281.@Yes$Snisha and Harilal (2017).@Feasibility studies of natural plants in the removal of selected water contaminants.@International Journal of Development Research, 7(7), 13732-13735.@No$Ghebremichael K.A. (2004).@Moringa seed and pumice as natural alternative materials for drinking water treatment.@PhD, KTH land and water resources engineering.@Yes$Gomes D.J. (2005).@Waterborne illness: a real disaster in Bangladesh.@In Proceedings of the Japan-Bangladesh Joint International Conference on Microbiology Education & the Prospect of Japanese Collaboration in Education and Research, 32-51.@Yes$Marchettini N., Brebbia C.A., Pulselli R. and Bastianoni S. eds (2014).@The Sustainable City IX: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability.@Wit Press UK, 1, 1449-1469. ISBN:978-1-78466-023-9@Yes$Diaz A., Rincon N., Escorihuela A., Fernandez N., Chacin E. and Forster C.F. (1999).@A preliminary evaluation of turbidity removal by natural coagulants indigenous to Venezuela.@Process Biochemistry, 35(3-4), 391-395.@Yes$Choubey S., Rajput S.K. and Bapat K.N. (2012).@Comparison of efficiency of some natural coagulants-bioremediation.@International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2(10), 429-434.@Yes$Sarker P., Rahman M.M., Saha B., Jakarin N., Shammi M., Uddin M.K. and Sikder M.T. (2014).@Removal of Turbidity from the River Water using Tamarindus indica and Litchi chinensis Seeds as Natural Coagulant.@International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, Special Issue: Nanomaterials and its applications, 2(6-2).@Yes$Shahid S. (1998).@Removal of iron from ground water by coagulation by coagulation and sedimentation.@Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.@Yes$Rahman M.M., Sarker P., Shah B., Jakarin N., Shammi M., Uddin M.K. and Shikder M.D. (2015).@Removal of Turbidity from the River Water using  Tamarindus indica  and Litchi chinensis Seeds as Natural Coagulant.@International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 3(1-2), 19-26.@Yes$Cotruvo J.A. (2017).@2017 WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: First Addendum to the Fourth Edition.@Journal&#8208;American Water Works Association, 109(7), 44-51.@Yes$Report (2018).@The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 and Rules 1997.@@No$Amagloh F.K. and Benang A. (2009).@Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification.@African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2), 119-123.@Yes$Shan T.C., Al Matar M., Makky E.A. and Ali E.N. (2017).@The use of Moringa oleifera seed as a natural coagulant for wastewater treatment and heavy metals removal.@Applied Water Science, 7(3), 1369-1376.@Yes$Zemmouri H., Lounic H. and Mameri N. (2015).@Application of Moringa oleifera Seed in Removing Colloids from Turbid Wastewater.@World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 9(7), 860-863.@Yes$Birima A.H., Ahmed A.T., Noor M.J.M.M., Sidek L.M., Muda Z.C. and Wong L.S. (2015).@Application of salt extracted peanut seeds in the pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME).@Desalination and Water Treatment, 55(8), 2196-2200.@Yes$Jafari A., Mahvi A.H., Godini H., Rezaee R. and Hosseini S.S. (2014).@Process optimization for fluoride removal from water by Moringa oleifera seed extract.@Fluoride, 47(2), 152-160.@Yes$Ravikumar K. and Sheeja A.K. (2013).@Heavy metal removal from water using Moringa oleifera seed coagulant and double filtration.@CONTRIBUTORY PAPERS, 9.@Yes$Sajidu S.M., Henry E.M.T., Kwamdera G. and Mataka L. (2005).@Removal of lead, iron and cadmium ions by means of polyelectrolytes of the Moringa oleifera whole seed kernel.@WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 80.@Yes