@Research Paper <#LINE#>Study on the quality of water and soil from L. vannamei shrimp farming in coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Prathibha @Bharathi,Chittem@.,Sumanth Kumar @Kunda <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-055.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, India@Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, India@Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, India<#LINE#>24/2/2015<#LINE#>12/7/2017<#LINE#>Shrimp aquaculture especially Litopenaeus vannamei farming in India is reporting promising growth rate for the past decade and more than 14 million people were depending on this sector. The present study was conducted at L.vannamei cultured ponds, located at various coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh state, India, where vannamei farming was practicing at commercial level in semi intensive systems of aquaculture. The aim of the study was to establish the beneficiary role played by the water and soil quality parameters in vannamei culture as well as environment. A total of 3 districts were selected out of 13 districts of newly formed Andhra Pradesh state for the present study and a total of 60 vannamei farms were selected both randomly and purposively and 20 vannamei farms were selected from each district. The study was conducted during the period of October to January (second crop of vannamei culture).Water and soil samples were collected from the selected vannamei farms and analysis was carried as per the procedures of APHA. A total of 11 water quality parameters such as color, pH, phosphates, total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, TDS, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate and 6 soil quality parameters such as color, pH, Total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus were analysed for all 60 vannamei farms. The results showed that majority vannamei farms were maintaining optimal water and soil quality parameters and few of the selected water and soil quality parameters had shown deviation from the optimal values. As the water and soil quality were maintaining at optimal levels and the discharged water is safe and non hazardous and more fertile and in turn beneficial to the environment. The maintenance of optimal water and soil quality parameters could be attributed to the implementation of Better Management Practices (BMP’s)on suggested by MPEDA, Govt. of India. The study conclude that the maintenance of optimal water and soil quality parameters in all the vannamei culture systems helps the environmental friendly practices of shrimp aquaculture in India.<#LINE#>APHA (1990).@Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.@American Public Health Association. New York. 17th Ed. P-1527.@No$Boyd C.E. (1995).@Bottom Soils, Sediment, and Pond Aquaculture.@Chapman and Hall, New York, New York.@Yes$Singh S.P. (1984).@Site selection: Soil quality considerations in the selection of sites for aquaculture farms. Aqua-Train.@/NACA/84-036, 19.@Yes$Chiu Y.N. (1988).@Water quality management for intensive prawn ponds.@Technical Considerations for the Management and Operation of Intensive Prawn Farms. V.P. Aquaculture Society, Iloilo city, 102-129.@Yes$Arrignon J.V.C., Joner J.V., Lauren P.J., Griessinger J.M., Lacroix D., Gondouin P. and Autrand M. (1994).@Warm Water Crustacean.@The Macmillan Press. London.@Yes$Allan G.L. and Maguire G.B. (1992).@Effects of pH and salinity on survival, growth, and osmoregulation in Penaeus monodon Fabricius.@Aquaculture, 107, 33-47.@Yes$Azhar Mudassir, AS Mohite and Sadawarte Rahul (2016).@Soil and water quality parameters of Brackish water shrimp farms of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.@The Asian journal of animal science, 11(2), 107-110.@No$Rahman Md. Motiur, Islam Md. Ariful, Islam H.M. Rakibul, Islam Md. Khairul and Khan Kamal Uddin Ahmed (2017).@Assessment of Production Performance In Relation To Limnological Properties in Low Depth Shrimp Farms in Bangladesh.@Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research(IJIR), 3(3), 1279-1288.@Yes$Boyd C.E. and Tucker C.S. (1998).@Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management.@Kluwer Academic Publisher.@Yes$Tsai S-J and Chen J-C. (2002).@Acute toxicity of nitrate on Penaeus monodon juveniles at different salinity levels.@Aquaculture, 213, 163-170.@Yes$Chen J.C. and Lei S.C. (1990).@Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Penaeus monodon juveniles.@J. World of Aquaculture Society, 21, 300-306.@Yes$Regnault M. (1987).@Nitrogen excretion in marine and fresh-water crustacea.@Biol.Rev., 62, 1-24.@Yes$Burford M.A. and Williams K.C. (2001).@The fate of nitrogenous waste from shrimp feeding.@Aquaculture 198, 79-93.@No$Jiang D-H., Lawrence A.L., Neill W.H. and Gong H. (2000).@Effects of temperature and salinity on nitrogenous excretion by Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles.@Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 253, 193-209.@Yes$Lawson T.B. (1995).@Fundamentals of Aquacultural Engineering.@Chapman and Hall, an ITP, Company, New York.@Yes$Mazid M.A. (2009).@Training Manual on Water quality Management in Shrimp Farm Bangladesh Quality Support Programm- Fisheries.@UNIDO, DHAKA, Bangladesh, 1-108.@Yes$Krishnani K.K., Gupta B.P. and Pillai S.M. (2006).@Water quality requirements for shrimp farming.@Training Manual on Shrimp Farming, 21-27.@Yes$Apud F.D., Gonzales K. and Deatras N. (1981).@Survival, growth and production of P. monodon Fabricius at different stocking densities in earthen ponds with flow through system and supplemental feeding.@Fish. Res. J. Philipp, 6(2), 1-9.@No$Rowland S.J. (1986).@Site selection, design and operation of aquaculture farms.@Freshwater aquaculture in Australia, Brisbane, Australia: Rural Press Quessland, 11-22.@Yes$Banerjea S.M. (1967).@Water quality and soil condition of fishponds in some states of India in relation to fish production.@Indian J. Fish., 14(1&2), 115-144.@Yes$McGraw William, Teichert-Coddington David R, Rouse David B. and Boyd Claude E. (2001).@Higher minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations increase penaeid shrimp yields in earthen ponds@Aquaculture, 199(3), 311-321.@No$Lazur A. (2007).@Growout pond and water quality management.@JIFSAN (Joint Institute for Safety and applied Nutrition) Good Aquacultural Practices Program, University of Maryland, 17.@Yes$Chen H.C. (1985).@Water quality criteria for farming the grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon.@Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.@Yes$Ahmed H. (2004).@Soil Quality Analysis and Considerations in the selection of sites for sustainable Aquaculture in the South East Coast of Chittagong Specially Halishahar Area.@M.Sc. Thesis (unpublished), Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh, 80.@Yes$Boyd C.E. (1976).@Chemical and textural properties of muds from different depths in ponds.@Hydrobiologia, 48(2), 141-144.@Yes$Boyd C.E. and Pipoppinyo S. (1994).@Factors affecting respiration in dry pond bottom soils.@Aquaculture, 120, 283-293.@No$Townsend W.N. (1982).@An Introduction to the Scientific Study of the Soil.@Edward Amold (Publishers) Ltd. U.K, 209.@Yes$Boyd C.E. and Green B.W. (2002).@Coastal Water Quality Monitoring in Shrimp Farming Areas, An Example from Honduras.@Report prepared under the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the Environment. Work in Progress for Public Discussion. Published by the Consortium, 29.@Yes <#LINE#>Metallothionein as indicator of trace metals exposure in two fish species from the southern Moroccan Atlantic<#LINE#>Talba @S.,Benhra @A.,Bouhallaoui @M.,Bouthir @F.Z.,Zbiry @M.,Oubraim @S. <#LINE#>7-23<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-070.pdf<#LINE#>Faculté des Sciences Ben M’Sik, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti. B.P 7955, Casablanca, Maroc and Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Maroc@Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Maroc@Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Maroc@Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Maroc@Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Km 8 Route d\'El Jadida, B.P 5366, Casablanca, Maroc@Faculté des Sciences Ben M’Sik, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti. B.P 7955, Casablanca, Maroc<#LINE#>8/6/2017<#LINE#>7/8/2017<#LINE#>Two fish species John Dory (Zeus faber) and Common Hake (Merluccius merluccius) of high commercial value were collected from the southern Moroccan Atlantic coast by bottom trawling at depths between 50 and 200m. A mesological analysis was carried out to determine the environmental conditions of these two species. These organisms were used as bioindicators to assess the level and effect of trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination in the marine environment. To do it, two complementary analytical methods were used; the study of biological responses (metallothionein synthesis, biomarker of exposure to metals trace in the liver and muscle fish) combined with chemical analysis of the same matrices to determine the level of contamination. A significant difference (P <0.05) was observed between the species but also between the accumulation organs. The content of metallothioneins and trace metals is particularly important in the liver in comparison with the muscle for the two species sampled. The study showed that the levels of trace metals in the muscle of these fish do not exceed the maximum limits recommended by the European Community. It has also helped to provide information on the current state of accumulated trace metal levels and metallothionein levels in different accumulation organs, thus supporting the use of these proteins as a biomarker of metals exposure.<#LINE#>Nakhli S. (2010).@Pressions environnementales et nouvelles stratégies de gestion sur le littoral marocain.@Méditerranée. Revue géographique des pays méditerranéens/Journal of Mediterranean geography, 115, 31-42.@Yes$Lagadic L., Caquet T. and Amiard J.C. (1997).@Biomarqueurs en écotoxicologie: principes et définitions.@Biomarqueurs en écotoxicologie. Aspects fondamentaux. Elsevier Mason SAS(éd.), 1-9.@Yes$Sanchez W. and Porcher J.M. (2009).@Utilisation des biomarqueurs pour la caractérisation de l’état écotoxicologique des masses d’eau. Techniques Sciences Méthodes.@Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 5, 29-38.@Yes$Viarengo A., Ponzano E., Dondero F. and Fabbri R. (1997).@A simple spectrophotometric method for metallothionein evaluation in marine organisms: an application to Mediterranean and Antarctic molluscs.@Marine Environmental Research, 44(1), 69-84.@Yes$Botta F. (2012).@Sites ateliers et pollution chimiques des milieux aquatiques.@Final report ONEMA, 219.@No$Flammarion P. (2000).@Mesure d@Etudes - CEMAGREF. Gestion des milieux aquatiques, 15, 103-116.@Yes$Fernandes D., Bebianno M.J. and Porte C. (2008).@Hepatic levels of metal and metallothioneins in two commercial fish species of the Northern Iberian shelf.@Science of the total environment, 391(1), 159-167.@Yes$Neff J.M. (2002).@Bioaccumulation in marine organisms: effect of contaminants from oil well produced water.@Elsevier. Amsterdam, 452.@Yes$Chan K.M. (1995).@Metallothionein: potential biomarker for monitoring heavy metal pollution in fish around Hong Kong.@Marine Pollution Bulletin, 31(4-12), 411-415.@Yes$Kerambrun E. (2011).@Évaluation des effets biologiques des contaminants chimiques sur les juvéniles de poissons marins: approche multibiomarqueur en conditions expérimentales et in situ.@Doctoral thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, France., 343.@Yes$Luis Tito de Morais (2013).@Campagne EPURE 1, leg 2. Rapport scientifique de fin de mission.@91. https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/epure/figures/compte-rendu-scientifique-epure-1@No$Company R., Felícia H., Serafim A., Almeida A.J., Biscoito M. and Bebianno M.J. (2010).@Metal concentrations and metallothionein-like protein levels in deep-sea fishes captured near hydrothermal vents in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge off Azores.@Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 57(7), 893-908.@No$AOAC. (2000).@Official Method of Analysis.@Animal feed. Chap.4 p.5. http://webpages.icav.up.pt/PTDC/CVT-NUT/4294/2012/AOAC%202000.pdf.@Yes$Beg M.U., Al-Jandal N., Al-Subiai S., Karam Q., Husain S., Butt S.A. and Al-Husaini M. (2015).@Metallothionein, oxidative stress and trace metals in gills and liver of demersal and pelagic fish species from Kuwaits’ marine area.@Marine pollution bulletin, 100(2), 662-672.@Yes$Davi J.C. (1984).@Statistics and data analysis in geology.@2nd edition, WILEY (ed.), New-York, USA, 550.@No$Philippeau G. (1986).@Comment interpréter les résultats d@Collection Stat-ITCF, 63.@No$Commission regulation (EC). (2014).@No 488/2014 of 12 May 2014 amending Regulation (EC) no 1881/2006 as regards the maximum levels for cadmium in foodstuffs.@Off. J. Eur. 5. L 138/75.@No$Diop M., Howsam M., Diop C., Cazier F., Goossens J.F., Diouf A. and Amara R. (2016).@Spatial and seasonal variations of trace elements concentrations in liver and muscle of round Sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) along the Senegalese coast.@Chemosphere, 144, 758-766.@Yes$Abeshi J., Dhaskali L., Dimco E., El Masllari E. and Ozuni E. (2013).@Accumulation of mercury and lead at six kinds of fish in Durrës bay.@Natura montenegrina, podgorica, 12(3-4), 967-976.@No$Bat L., Şahin F., Üstün F. and Sezgin M. (2012).@Distribution of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the tissues and organs of Psetta maxima from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey.@Marine Science, 2(5), 105-109.@Yes$Henry F., Amara R., Courcot L., Lacouture D. and Bertho M.L. (2004).@Heavy metals in four fish species from the French coast of the Eastern English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea.@Environment International, 30(5), 675-683.@Yes$Gašpić Z.K., Zvonarić T., Vrgoč N., Odžak N. and Barić A. (2002).@Cadmium and lead in selected tissues of two commercially important fish species from the Adriatic Sea.@Water Research, 36(20), 5023-5028.@Yes$El Morhit M. (2009).@Hydrochimie, éléments traces métalliques et incidences Ecotoxicologiques sur les différentes composantes d@Doctoral thesis, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat, 232.@Yes$Mrabent B.S.E. (2015).@Evaluation de la contamination métallique dans trois organes (foie, gonades et muscle) du Rouget de roche Mullus surmuletus (L. 1758) par quatre métaux lourds (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) pêché dans la baie d’Oran.@Magister@Yes$Belhoucine F., Alioua A., Bouhadiba S. and Boutiba Z. (2014).@Impact of some biotics and abiotics factors on the accumulation of heavy metals by a biological model Merluccius merluccius in the bay of Oran in Algeria.@Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(6), 33-44.@Yes$Ozuni E., Dhaskali L. and Andoni E. (2014).@Concentration levels of heavy metals in muscle tissue of european hake (Merluccius merluccius).@Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 285-288.@Yes$Ergül H.A. and Aksan S. (2013).@Evaluation of non-essential element and micronutrient concentrations in seafood from the Marmara and Black seas.@Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 19(3), 312-331.@Yes$El Morhit M., Belghity D. and El Morhit A. (2013).@Contamination métallique de Pagellus acarne, Sardina pilchardus et Diplodus vulgaris de la côte atlantique sud (Maroc).@Larhyss Journal, 14, 131-148.@Yes$Mhamada M., Ould-Mohamed-Cheikh M., Dardige A. and Er-raioui H. (2011).@Etat de la contamination des côtes atlantiques de Nouadhibou par les métaux lourds (Mauritanie).@In Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference, Morocco, Second edition, 371-374. http://www.paralia.fr@Yes$Uluturhan E. and Kucuksezgin F. (2007).@Heavy metal contaminants in Red Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) tissues from the eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey.@Water research, 41(6), 1185-1192.@Yes$Usero J., Izquierdo C., Morillo J. and Gracia I. (2004).@Heavy metals in fish (Solea vulgaris, Anguilla anguilla and Liza aurata) from salt marshes on the southern Atlantic coast of Spain.@Environment International, 29(7), 949-956.@Yes$Romeo M., Siau Y., Sidoumou Z. and Gnassia-Barelli M. (1999).@Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast.@Science of the Total Environment, 232(3), 169-175.@Yes$El Hraiki A. (1993).@Assessment of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metal contamination of Moroccan marine species.@PhD thesis, Oregon State University, 161.@Yes$Andres S., Ribeyre F., Tourencq J.N. and Boudou A. (2000).@Interspecific comparison of cadmium and zinc contamination in the organs of four fish species along a polymetallic pollution gradient (Lot River, France).@Science of the Total Environment, 248(1), 11-25.@Yes$Barron M.G. (2003).@Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms.@Handbook of Ecotoxicology. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, 877-892.@Yes$Bruland K.W. and Franks R.P. (1983).@Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd in the western North Atlantic.@Trace metals in sea water, Springer US, 395-414.@Yes$Auger P.A., Machu E., Gorgues T., Grima N. and Waeles M. (2015).@Comparative study of potential transfer of natural and anthropogenic cadmium to plankton communities in the North-West African upwelling.@Science of the Total Environment, 505, 870-888.@Yes$Dondero F., Piacentini L., Banni M., Rebelo M., Burlando B. and Viarengo A. (2005).@Quantitative PCR analysis of two molluscan metallothionein genes unveils differential expression and regulation.@Gene, 345(2), 259-270.@Yes$Moiseenko T.I. and Kudryavtseva L.P. (2001).@Trace metal accumulation and fish pathologies in areas affected by mining and metallurgical enterprises in the Kola Region, Russia.@Environmental Pollution, 114(2), 285-297.@Yes$Nauen C.E. (1983).@Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products.@FAO Fisheries Circular No., 764, 102.@Yes$Hogstrand C. and Haux C. (1990).@Metallothionein as an indicator of heavy-metal exposure in two subtropical fish species.@Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 138(1-2), 69-84.@Yes$Banni M., Jebali J., Daubeze M., Clerandau C., Guerbej H., Narbonne J.F. and Boussetta H. (2005).@Monitoring pollution in Tunisian coasts: application of a classification scale based on biochemical markers.@Biomarkers, 10(2-3), 105-116.@Yes$De Boeck G., Ngo T.T.H., Van Campenhout K. and Blust R. (2003).@Differential metallothionein induction patterns in three freshwater fish during sublethal copper exposure.@Aquatic Toxicology, 65(4), 413-424.@Yes$Jebali J., Ghedira J., Bouraoui Z., Ameur S., Gherbej H. and Boussetta H. (2009).@Etude quantitative et qualitative des métallothionéines chez la daurade<\" Sparus aurata\"> exposée aux métaux lourds.@Bull. Inst. Natn. Scien. Tech. Mer de Salambô, 36, 193-200.@Yes$Ladhar-Chaabouni R., Machreki-Ajmi M. and Hamza-Chaffai A. (2012).@Use of metallothioneins as biomarkers for environmental quality assessment in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia).@Environmental monitoring and assessment, 184(4), 2177-2192.@Yes <#LINE#>Socioeconomic status of fishermen communities in Panchganga river basin in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>Mohite @S.A.,Samant @J.S. <#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-074.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, MS, India@Development Research, Awareness and Action Institute, (DEVRAAI), Kolhapur 416 013, MS, India<#LINE#>14/6/2017<#LINE#>5/8/2017<#LINE#>Panchganga is main tributary of river Krishna in Kolhapur district. Krishna is the major river in peninsular India. Human beings are inseparable and the most dominant direct or indirect component of any riverine system. Sociological survey plays a significant role in understanding the vitality of a natural system and its relationship with dependent human society. The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study was mainly focused on the traditional fishermen communities dependent for their livelihood on the five tributaries in Panchganga river basin. The social survey of 78 individuals from three traditional fishermen communities in 17 villages in Panchganga basin revealed the changing status of riparian biodiversity. Most the respondents opined that fish catch and fish diversity had decreased considerably over last two decades. Comparison of past and present status of fish species diversity revealed that out of the earlier 23 abundant species only one had retained its original status, whereas of the earlier abundant species status of 22 species had relegated to common. From the earlier 42 common species now 12 had become rare. Socioeconomic status of the traditional fishermen communities being entirely dependent on health of river, their occupation has declined and thus many had to shift over to other petty jobs for subsistence.<#LINE#>Burdge R. (1987).@The social impact assessment model and the Planning process.@Environmental Assessment Review, 7(2), 141-150.@Yes$Vanderpool C. (1987).@Social impact assessment and fisheries.@Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116(3), 479-485@Yes$Finsterbush K. (1985).@State of the Art in Social Impact Assessment.@Environment and Behavior , 117(2), 193-221.@Yes$Mahender J. (2016).@Study on socio-economic status of fishermen Community of chenugonipally pedda cheruvu gadwal, mahabubnagar dist, telangana.@International journal of research in zoology.@No$Basavakumar K.V., Devendrappa S. and Srenivas S.T. (2011).@A study on profile of fishing community of a village in Karnataka.@Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 24(5), 684-687.@Yes$Kalita G.J., Kumar Sarma Pradip, Goswami Priyanuz and Rout Srustidhar (2015).@Socio-economic status of fishermen and different fishing gear used in Beki River, Barpeta, Assam.@Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(1), 193-198.@Yes$Saxena A. (2014).@The socio-economic status of fishermen of district rampur, utter Pradesh.@Trends in fisheries research, 3(3).@No$Saxena Shriparna (2012).@Study on Socio-Economic Status of Fisherman Community of Upper Lake Bhopal: Preliminary Survey.@International Journal of Science and Research, 3(8).@No$Pawar C.D. (1986).@Studies on fish and fisheries of river Panchganga.@M.Phil. thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur@Yes$Laxmappa B. and Bakshi R. (2014).@Types of Fishing Gears Operating and Their Impact on Krishna River Fishery in Mahabubnagar District, T.S. India.@International journal of fisheries and aquatic studies, 2(1), 30-41.@Yes$Kalwar A. and Kelkar C. (1956).@Fishes of Kolhapur.@Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 53(4), 669-679.@Yes$Mohite S.A. and Samant J.S. (2013).@Impact of Environmental Change on Fish and Fisheries in Warna River Basin, Western Ghats, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(6), 61-70,@Yes$Lad R.J. (2013).@Studies on the Impact of Mining Activities on Environment in Kolhapur District.@A Ph.D. thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur.@No <#LINE#>Pollution and effects of hydrological patterns on water and sediments quality characteristics from porto-novo lagoon bionetwork<#LINE#>Babalola O. @Adeniyi,Fiogbe D. @Emile <#LINE#>30-38<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-076.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria@Laboratory of Research on Wetlands, Department of Zoology University of Abomey Calavi, Benin Republic<#LINE#>22/6/2017<#LINE#>12/8/2017<#LINE#>Impact assessment of hydrological patterns on Porto-Novo lagoon water, sediments quality characteristics, and pollution status were carried out for 12 months. Water quality parameters and metal pollutants were also evaluated.The water body was stratified into 12 strata based on the morphology of the lagoon and various human activities on the lagoon. Data were collected based on season, sampling stations, metal pollutants, and water quality parameters. The results were analyzed in the laboratory and interpreted using exploratory data analysis statistics. There is no significant difference in the means of dissolved oxygen and pH in different months between July and June at 5% level of probability. However, there is a significant difference in the means of temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, COD, BOD, total hardness, and depth in different months at 5% level of probability. The order of amount of metallic contaminants in sediments from Porto-Novo Lagoon between July and December (Rainy season) are in these order; Mn˃ Fe˃ Zn˃ Pd˃ Cr˃ Cu˃ Ni˃ Cd˃ Va˃ Hg˃ MH3Hg.The metallic pollutants are significantly difference (p=0.0) during rainy season. The trends of existence of metallic pollutants in sediments from Porto-Novo Lagoon from January to June (dry season) are in these order; Fe˃ Mn˃ Zn˃ Cu˃ Cr˃ Pd˃ Ni˃ Cd˃ Va˃ Hg˃ MH3Hg. The difference of the metal pollutants in the dry season at p=0.05 is significance. It is obvious that the hydrological periods affected all the tested physicochemical characteristics and also determine the metal pollutants status of Porto-Novo Lagoon water and sediments. It is therefore recommended that the state of emergency should be declared on Porto-Novo Lagoon for adequate environmental revamping and protection by environmental expert and regulatory agencies.<#LINE#>Joshi Dhirendra Mohan, Kumar Alok and Agrawal Namita (2009).@Studies on Physicochemical Parameters to Assess the Water Quality of River Ganga for Drinking Purpose in Haridwar District.@Rasayan Journal of Chemical, 2(1), 195-203.@Yes$Babalola O.A. and Agbebi F.O. (2013).@Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment from Kuramo Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria.@Society for Science and Nature, 3, 98-102.@Yes$Mandelli F.E. (1998).@Hydrography and Chemistry of some coastal lagoons on the Pacific Coast of Mexico.@Coastal Lagoon Research, Present and Future. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 33, 81-95.@No$Paerl H.W., Valdes L.M., Joyner A.R., Peierls B.L., Piehler M.E., Riggs S.R., Christian R.R., Eby L.A., Crowder L. B., Ramus J.S., Clesceri E.J., Buzzelli C.P. and Luettich R.A. (2006).@Ecological response to hurricane events in the Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina, and implications for assessment and management in a regime of increased frequency.@Estuaries and Coasts, 29(6), 1033-1045.@Yes$Valiela I., Tomasky G., Hauxwell J., Cole M.L., Cebrian J. and Kroeger K.D. (2000).@Operationalizing Sustainability: Management and Risk Assessment of Land-Derived Nitrogen Loads to Estuaries.@Ecological Applications, 10(4), 1006-1023. DOI: 10.2307/2641014@Yes$Babalola O. Adeniyi and Fiogbe D. Emile (2016).@Metal Pollutants Distribution and Bioaccumulation in Two Ecological Important Fisheries Resources Chrysichthysnigrodigitatus and Callinecteslatimanus from Novo Lagoon Ecosystem, Benin Republic.@International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 5(1), 2319-1473@No$Yehouenou E.A.P., Adamou R., Azehoun P.J., Edorh P.A. and Ahoyo T. (2013).@Monitoring of Heavy Metals in the complex \"Nokoué lake - Cotonou and Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem during three years in the Republic of Benin.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(5), 1-4.@Yes$Ademoroti C.M.A. (1996).@Standard Methods for Water and Effluents Analysis.@Foludex Press Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria., 3, 29-118. ISBN-978-33399-9-1@Yes$Adandedjan D., Laleye P., Ouattara A. and Gourene G. (2011).@Distribution of Benthic Insect Fauna in a West African Lagoon: The Porto-Novo Lagoon in Benin.@Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(2), 116-127.@Yes$Bhadja P. and Vaghela A. (2013).@Effect of temperature on the toxicity of some metals to Labeobata.@International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences, 6(3), 252-254.@Yes$Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) (1991).@Guideline and Standard for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria.@FG. Press, 238.@No$Boyd C.E. and Lichtkoppler F. (1979).@Water quality management in pond fish.@Research and Development series, 22, 45-47.@Yes$Wetzel R.G. (2001).@Limnology: lake and river ecosystems.@(3rd ed.), Academic Pres, 241-250.@Yes$Barron M. (1995).@Handbook of Ecotoxicology.@Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 652-666.@No$Li Haiyan, Shi Anbang, Li Mingyi and Zhang Xiaoran (2013).@Effect of pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Flow Rate of Overlying Water on Heavy Metals Release from Storm Sewer Sediments.@Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 434012, 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/434012@Yes$E.P.A. (1986).@Quality Criteria for Water.@EPA-440/5-86-001@No$Basset Alberto, Pinna Maurizio, Sabetta Letizia, Barbone Enrico and Galuppo Nicola (2008).@Hierarchical scaling of biodiversity in lagoon ecosystems.@Transit. Waters Bull., 2(3), 75-86. ISSN 1825-229X, DOI 10.1285/i1825229 Xv2n3p75@Yes$Kadkhodaie A., Kelich S. and Baghban A. (2012).@Effects of Salinity Levels on Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb and Ni) Absorption by Sunflower and Sudangrass Plants.@Bull. Env.Pharmacol.Life Scien., 1(12), 47-53.@Yes$EPA (2012).@United States Environmental and Protection Agency.@Monitoring and Assessmentof Conductivity.@No$Papafilippaki A.K., Kotti M.E. and Stavroulakis G.G. (2008).@Seasonal Variations in Dissolved Heavy Metals in TheKeritis River, Chania, Greece.@Global NEST Journal, 10(3), 320-325.@Yes$Wurts W.A. and Durborow R.M. (1992).@Interactions of pH, carbon dioxide, alkalinity and hardness in fishponds.@Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication No., 464, 1-3.@Yes$Radke L. (2006).@pH of Coastal Waterways.@In Oz Coasts. http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/ph_coastal_waterways.jsp(Retrieved: Dec. 20, 2016).@No$Anderson G. (2008).@Seawater composition.@Marine Science, 8. Available at: http://www.marinebio.net/ Marine science/02ocean/swcomposition.htm (Retrieved: March 18, 2016).@Yes$Vander-Heide J. (1982).@Lake Brokopondo: Filling phase limnology of a man-made lake in the human tropics.@Alblasserdam Off sedrukkerij Katers. B.V., 427.@Yes$Copper (2013).@Chemical properties of copper - Health effects of copper - Environmental effects of copper.@Read more: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cu.htm@No$Campbell P.G.C. and Stokes P.M. (1985).@Acidification and toxicity of metals to aquatic biota.@Can. J. Aquat. Sci., 42(12), 2034-2049.@Yes$Phleger F.B. (1981).@A review of some general features of coastal lagoons.@in Coastal lagoon research, present and future: proceedings of a seminar.UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 33.United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris, France, 7-14.@Yes$Allen B.L. and Mallarino A.R. (2008).@Effect of liquid swine manure rate, incorporation, and timing of rainfall on phosphorus loss with surface runoff.@Journal of Environmental Quality, 37, 125-137.@Yes$Perlman H. (2014).@Water properties and measurements.@USGS Water Science Schoolpp, 5-9.@No$Radulescu C., Dulama I.D., Stihi C., Ionita I., Chilian A., Necula C. and Chelarescu Elena D. (2014).@Determination of Heavy Metal Levels In Water and Therapeutic Mud by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.@Rom. Journ. Phys., 59(9-10), 1057-1066.@Yes$Pandey K. and Shukla J.P. (2007).@Fish and Fisheries.@Rastogi Publications (IIed), Meerut, 269-270.@No$Rathor R.S. and Khangarot B.S. (2003).@Effects of water hardness and metal concentration on a fresh water Tubifextubifexmuller.@Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 142, 341-356.@Yes$Hynes H.B.N. (1974).@The biology of polluted waters.@University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, 1-202. ISBN: 0 85323 2000 8@Yes$Caza France, Cledon Maximiliano and St-Pierre Yves (2016).@Biomonitoring Climate Change and Pollution in Marine Ecosystems: A Review on Aulacomya ater.@Journal of Marine Biology, 2, 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7183813@Yes$Mancy K.H. and Weber W.J. (1971).@Analysis of Industrial Waste Waters.@Part 3, Section B. Published by Wiley-Interscience, New York.http://www.jstor.org/stable/41267434@Yes$Marske D.M. and Polkowski L.B. (1972).@Evaluation of methods for estimating biochemical Oxygen Demand parameters.@Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 44(10), 1987-2000.@Yes$ReVelle P. and ReVelle C. (1988).@The environment—Issues and choices for society.@Boston, Jones and Bartlett, 749.@No$Wu Xiang, Xu Xijin, Guo Chuanfei and Zeng Haibo (2014).@Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Water Purification.@Journal of Nanomaterials, 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/603096@Yes$Srivastava N., Harit G. and Srivastava R. (2009).@A study of physico-chemical characteristics of lakes around Jaipur, India.@J. Environ. Biol., 30(5), 889-894.@Yes @Short Communication <#LINE#>Compliance of ponds water quality towards mathematical modules<#LINE#>Sanju @Dwivedi <#LINE#>39-42<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-053.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, S.M.W. College, Lohta, Varanasi, UP, India<#LINE#>21/4/2017<#LINE#>8/8/2017<#LINE#>Mathematicians have successfully proposed different mathematical modules for calculate the water quality of various water reservoirs. On these modules basis the water reservoirs may be categorically classified and the may be assigned for different purposes. Not only this, the nature of the catchment area of the water reservoirs may also be assessed. The water quality of five selected ponds in Varanasi has been subjected to different modules. It has been observed that ponds with identical catchment area follow one mathematical modules and show ponds water contains usable quality which are useful for anthropogenic purpose while other ponds water quality disagreeable and reject able.<#LINE#>Diersing Nancy (2009).@Water Quality: Frequently Asked Questions. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Key West, FL.@@Yes$Johnson D.L, Ambrose S.H, Bassett T.J., Bowen M.L., Crummey D.E., Isaacson J.S., Johnson D.N., Lamb P, Saul M. and Winter- Nelson A.E. (1997).@Meaning of Environmental terms.@Journal of Environmental quality, 26(3), 581-589.@Yes$Hulya B. (2009).@Utilization of the Water Quality Index Method as a Classification Tool.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 167(1-4), 115-124.@Yes$Jagadeeswari P.B. and Ramesh K. (2012).@Water Quality Index for Assessment of Water Quality in South Chennai Coastal Aquifer, Tamil Nadu, India.@International Journal of Chem. Tech Research, 4(4), 1582-1388.@Yes$Clesceri L.S., Arnold E., Greenbery and Andrew D. (1998).@Standard method for the examination of water and wast water (APHA).@20th Edition American water works Association (AWWA) and Water pollution control Feredation (WPCF).@Yes$Brown R.M., Mc Clelland N.I., Deininger R.A. and Connor M.F.O. (1972).@Water Quality Index–Crashing, The Psychological Barrier.@Proc. 6th Annual Conference and Advances in water pollution research, 787-797.@Yes$Chattterjee C. and Raziuddin M. (2002).@Determination of Water Quality Index of a degraded river in Asanol Industrial area (West Bengal).@Nature, Environment and Pollution Technology, 1(2), 181-189.@Yes$Reddy K.R., Sacco P.D., Graetz D.A., Campbell K.L. and Sinclair L.R. (1982).@Water Treatment by Aquatic Ecosystem: Nutrient Removal by Reservoirs and Flooded Fields.@J. Environmental Management, 6(3), 261-271.@Yes$Ghosh A. and George J.P. (1989).@Studies on the Abiotic Factor and Zooplankton in a Polluted Urban Reservoir Hussain Sagar, Hyderabad : Impact on Water Quality and Embryonic Development of Fishes.@Indian J. Environ Health, 31(1), 49-59.@Yes$Swarnalatha N. and Narasingrao A. (1993).@Ecological Investigation of two Lentic Environments with Reference to Cyanobacteria and Water Pollution.@Indian.J.Microbial. Ecol, 3, 41-48.@Yes$Venkateswarlu V. (1986).@Ecological studies on the rivers of Andhra Pradesh with special reference to water quality and pollution.@Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci), 96(6), 495-508.@Yes$Chatterjee A.A. (1992).@Water Quality of Nandakanan Lake, India.@J.Environ. Hlth, 34(4), 329-333.@No <#LINE#>Assessment of seasonal changes in water quality adjoining Thekkumbad mangrove – sacred grove ecosystem of Kannur district, Kerala, India<#LINE#>Neethu G. @Pillai,Harilal @C.C. <#LINE#>43-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-073.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District– 673 635, Kerala, India @Division of Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District– 673 635, Kerala, India <#LINE#>15/6/2017<#LINE#>17/8/2017<#LINE#>Thekkumbad Island, falling in Mattool panchayat of Kannur district, is characterized by the presence of a sacred grove - Thazhekkavu, rich in mangrove populations. This sacred grove is characterized by the presence of 11 true mangroves and 6 mangrove associates. The Valapattanam estuary provides tidal waters to these mangrove habitats. The present study attempts to assess the seasonal changes in water quality influencing the growth and establishment of mangrove diversity confining to this sacred grove. Water quality parameters adjoining the mangrove habitats were monitored on a monthly basis for assessing the seasonal changes. The results indicated that there is marked difference in water quality parameters in all the three seasons studied. Variations in salinity related parameters like hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium and chloride were higher than that of other water quality parameters, which are indicative of the differences in salinity intrusion in these habitats, with respect to seasons. Water quality parameters of Site 1 was found to be highly influenced, which is indicative of their close proximity with the estuarine system.<#LINE#>Vidyasagaran K. and Madhusoodanan V.K. (2014).@Distribution and plant diversity of mangroves in the west coast of Kerala, India.@J. Bio. Envio. Sci., 4, 38-45.@Yes$Neethu G. Pillai and Harilal C.C. (2015).@Status of mangrove diversity in the coastal environments of Kerala.@Eco-Chronicle., 10(1), 30-35.@No$Chandrashekara U.M. (2011).@Conservation and management of sacred groves in Kerala.@KFRI Research Report No. 412, KFRI Peechi.@No$Sreeja P. and Khaleel K.M. (2010).@Status of Mangroves in Thekkumbad, Kannur,Kerala.@J. exp. Sci.., 1(8), 1-2.@Yes$Balasubramanian T. and Vijayalakshmi S. (2004).@Pollution Threats to mangroves: Water Quality.@In: Kathiresan K. and Jmalkhah, S.A.(Eds.), UNU- INWEH – UNESCO International training course on Coastal biodiversity in Mangrove ecosystem course manual. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India, 76-89.@No$APHA (1995).@Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 18 th Edn.@American Public Health Association, Washington DC.@No$Mahvi A.H. and Razazi M. (2005).@Application of polyelectrolyte in turbidity removal from surface water.@Science Publications.@Yes$Parashar C., Dixit S. and Srivastava R. (2006).@Seasonal Variations in Physico-chemical Characteristics in upper Lake of Bhopal.@Asian J. Exp. Sci., 20(2), 297-302.@Yes$Amita Sarkar and Upadhyay Bhavna (2013).@Assessment of the Variations in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality of the Wetlands in District Mainpuri (U.P.) India.@Int. J. Geo. Earth Env. Sc., 3(1), 2077-2081.@Yes <#LINE#>Vermicompost potential of various local earthworm species of Jammu (India) on kitchen waste<#LINE#>Deepshikha @Sharma <#LINE#>48-50<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-077.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Govt. Degree College, Kathua, J&K-184101, India<#LINE#>29/6/2017<#LINE#>8/8/2017<#LINE#>Human society is producing a huge quantity of solid waste with major portion of kitchen waste, which needs to be managed to keep the environment clean. Although a large number of waste management technologies are available, their applications are limited due to high cost of erection and power requirement. To deal with the overgrowing menace of kitchen waste pollution, bioconversion of kitchen waste was carried out in controlled conditions using local earthworm species. The present study was conducted to calculate the vermitechnological potential of three local earthworm species of Jammu on kitchen waste. The study reported Octolasion tyrtaeum to be highly efficient for the production of vermicompost from kitchen waste as well as maximum increase in earthworm biomass.<#LINE#>Senapathi B.K. and Dash M.C. (1984).@Functional role of earthworms in the decomposer subsystem.@Trop. Ecol., 25(1), 52-72.@Yes$Kale R.D., Bano K. and Krishnamurthy R.V. (1982).@Potential of Perionyx excavatus for utilization of organic wastes.@Pedobiologia, 23(6), 419-425.@Yes$Kale R.D. and Bano K. (1988).@Earthworm cultivation and culturing techniques for the production of vee COMP83E UAS.@Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 2, 339-344.@Yes$Appelhof M., Webster K. and Buckerfield J. (1996).@Vermicomposting in Australia and New Zealand.@Biocycle., 37(6), 63-64.@Yes$Reinecke A.J., Viljoen S.A. and Saayman R.J. (1992).@The suitability of Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) for vermicomposting in Southern Africa in terms of their temperature requirements.@Soil Biol. Biochem., 24(12), 1295-1307.@Yes$Sinha R.K. and Sinha A.K. (2000).@Waste Management.@INA Shree Publishers, Jaipur, 143-157.@No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Cell-to-Cell signal system in Escherichia coli Drug Resistance- a review<#LINE#>Oyewole @O.A.,Adelere @I.A.,Shaba @A.M.,Ojah @S.,Ayisa @T.T.,Egbewole, @I.O. <#LINE#>51-59<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-064.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria@Department of Biological Sciences, Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria@Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<#LINE#>14/5/2017<#LINE#>7/8/2017<#LINE#>The term drug resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to resist a drug that once stalled or killed them. Drug resistance in Escherichia coli may occur via production and elaboration of beta-lactamases, impermeability by simple closure of porin channels or lipopolysaccharide expression and removal of the anti-microbial compounds from the bacterial cell through specific and/or general efflux pumps. Drug resistance may be innate or adaptive. Cell-to-cell signal system (quorum sensing, QS) is an adaptive type of drug resistance, which depends on secreted signal molecules, to initiate response synchronized across bacterial population. The signaling molecules is similar to hormones present in higher animals. Mechanisms involved in QS systems include signals production, signals accumulation, and signals detection. In quorum sensing mechanisms, E. coli secretes chemical signal molecules during its exponential growth phase. The molecule known as autoinducers (Al-2) or pheromones is mediated by luxS gene. When a certain concentration of autoinducers is obtained, known as the threshold concentration, its presence is identified and lead to the initiation of the signal cascade. The consequence of this signal cascade may include changes of target gene expression, such as drug resistance. Factors affecting cell-to-cell signal systems are temperature, salinity, pressure, and pH. Bacteria may also be more resistant to antibiotics when they work together as a group via QS mechanism. Interfering with quorum sensing is a strategy that may be used to control bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. Control of QS in E. coli drug resistance include the use of AI-2 synthase inhibitors, modification of AI-2, the use AI-2 analogs, antagonism for LuxR-family receptor, signal synthesis inhibition, production of degradation enzymes and signal trapping.<#LINE#>Guo M., Gamby S., Zheng Y. and Sintim H.O. (2013).@Small Molecule Inhibitors of AI-2 Signaling in Bacteria: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives for Anti-Quorum Sensing Agents – A review.@International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(9), 17694-17728. http://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijms140917694.@Yes$Toprak E., Veres A., Michel J.B., Chait R., Hartl D.L. and Kishony R. (2012).@Evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance under dynamically sustained drug selection.@Journal of Nature Genetics, 44, 101-105.@Yes$Yurtsev E.A., Chao H.X., Datta M.S., Artemova T. and Gore J. (2013).@Bacterial cheating drives the population dynamics of cooperative antibiotic resistance plasmids.@Journal of Molecular Systems Biology, 9, 683.@Yes$World Health Organization (2016).@Antimicrobial Resistance.@Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ antimicrobial-resistance/en/. Assessed on 10 February 2017.@No$Baquero F., Alvarez-Ortega C. and Martinez J.L. (2009).@Ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance.@Journal of Environmental Microbiology Reports, 1(6), 469-476.@Yes$Andersson D.I. and Hughes D. (2011).@Persistence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.@FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 35(5), 901-911.@Yes$Fernandez L. and Hancock R.E. (2012).@Adaptive and mutational resistance: role of porins and efflux pumps in drug resistance.@Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25, 661-681.@Yes$Sánchez-Romero M.A. and Casadesús J. (2013).@Contribution of phenotypic heterogeneity to adaptive antibiotic resistance.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 111(1), 355-360.@Yes$Davies J. and Davies D. (2010).@Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance.@Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 74(3), 417-433.@Yes$Berendonk T.U., Manaia C.M., Merlin C., Fatta-Kassinos D., Cytryn E., Walsh F., Bürgmann H., Sørum H., Norström M. and Pons M.N. (2015).@Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework.@Journal of Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 310-317.@Yes$Schroeder M., Brooks D.B. and Brooks A.E. (2017).@The Complex Relationship between Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance.@Genes, 8, 39. http://doi.org/10.3390/genes8010039@Yes$Blázquez J., Couce A., Rodríguez-Beltrán J. and Rodríguez-Rojas A. (2012).@Antimicrobials as promoters of genetic variation.@Journal of Current Opinion in Microbiology, 15(5), 561-569.@Yes$Rodríguez-Rojas A., Rodríguez-Beltrán J., Couce A. and Blázquez J. (2013).@Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance: A bitter fight against evolution.@International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 303(6), 293-297.@Yes$Wright G.D. (2005).@Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: enzymatic degradation and modification.@Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 57(10), 1451-1470.@Yes$Ramirez M.S. and Tolmasky M.E. (2010).@Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes. Drug Resistance.@Update Reviews Comment in Antimicrobial and Anticancer Chemotherapy, 13, 151-171.@No$Wilson D.N. (2014).@Ribosome-targeting antibiotics and mechanisms of bacterial resistance.@Journal of Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12, 35-48.@Yes$Paterson D.L. and Bonomo R.A. (2005).@Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update.@Clinical Microbiology Review, 18(4), 657-686.@Yes$Rodrigues L., Ramos J., Couto I., Amaral L. and Viveiros M. (2011).@Ethidium bromide transport across Mycobacterium smegmatis cell-wall: Correlation with antibiotic resistance.@BMC Microbiology, 11, 35.@Yes$Li X.Z. and Nikaido H. (2009).@Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria.@Drugs, 64(2), 159-204.@Yes$Brooks B.D., Brooks A.E. and Grainger D.W. (2013).@Antimicrobial Medical Devices in Preclinical Development and Clinical Use.@Biomaterials Associated Infection, Springer: New York, NY, USA, 307-354.@Yes$Ravn C., Tafin U.F., Bétrisey B., Overgaard S. and Trampuz A. (2016).@Reduced ability to detect surface-related biofilm bacteria after antibiotic exposure under in vitro conditions.@Journal of ActaOrthopaedica, 87(6), 644-650.@Yes$Bayramov D.F. and Neff J.A. (2016).@Beyond conventional antibiotics. New directions for combination products to combat biofilm.@Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 112, 48-60. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.010@Yes$Bjarnsholt T. and Givskov M. (2007).@The role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity of the cunning aggressor.@Anal Bioanal Chem., 387(2), 409-414.@Yes$Høiby N., Bjarnsholt T., Givskov M., Molin S. and Ciofu O. (2010).@Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms.@International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 35, 322-332.@Yes$Tay S.B. and Yew W.S. (2013).@Development of quorum-based anti-virulence therapeutics targeting Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.@International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(8), 16570-16599.@Yes$Wu P. and Grainger D.W. (2006).@Drug/device combinations for local drug therapies and infection prophylaxis.@Journal of Biomaterials, 27(11), 2450-2467.@Yes$LaSarre B. and Federleb M.J. (2013).@Exploiting Quorum Sensing To Confuse Bacterial Pathogens.@Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 77(1), 73-111.@Yes$Breyers J.D. and Ratner J.P. (2004).@Bioinspired implant materials befuddle bacteria.@ASM News, 70(5), 232-237.@Yes$Davies D.G., Parsek M.R., Pearson J.P., Iglewski B.H., Costerton J.W. and Greenberg E.P. (1998).@The Involvement of Cell-to-Cell Signals in the Development of a Bacterial Biofilm.@Science, 280, 295-298.@Yes$Fuqua C. and Greenberg E.P. (1998).@Self- perception in bacteria: quorum sensing with acylatedhomoserine lactones.@Journal of Current Opinion in Microbiology, 1(2), 183-189.@Yes$Chen X., Schauder S., Potier N., Dorsselaer A.V., Pelczer I., Bassler B. and Hughson F. (2002).@Structural identification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal containing boron.@Nature, 415, 545-549.@No$Wang T., Guan W., Huang Q., Yang Y., Yan W., Sun B. and Zhao T. (2016).@Quorum-sensing contributes to virulence, twitching motility, seed attachment and biofilm formation in the wild type strain Aac-5 of Acidovorax citrulli.@Journal of Microbial Pathogenesis, 100, 133-140.@Yes$Gonza´lez J.E. and Keshavan N.D. (2006).@Messing with Bacterial Quorum Sensing.@Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 70(4), 859-875. http://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00002-06@Yes$Hirapure P. (2016).@Inhibition of quoram sensing and bacterial communication: Potential for antifouling agents.@marine algae. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/hirapure/inhibhition-of-quorum-sensing. Assessed on 14February 2017.@No$Laboratory of Microbial Technology (2017).@Quorum Sensing Research Group.@Retrieved from http://www.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/lab/microbt/Research/QuorumSensing.html. Assessed on 15 February 2017.@No$Kendall M.M. and Sperandio V. (2014).@Cell-to-cell signaling in E. coli and Salmonella.@EcoSal Plus, 6(1). http://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2013@Yes$Surette M.G. and Bassler B.L. (1998).@Quorum sensing in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 95(12), 7046-7050.@Yes$Bassler B.L. (2002).@Small talk. Cell-to-cell communication in bacteria.@Cell, 109(4), 421-424.@Yes$Surette M.G., Miller M.B. and Bassler B.L. (1999).@Quorum sensing in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio harveyi: a new family of genes responsible for autoinducer production.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 96(4), 1639-1644.@Yes$Wang L., Hashimoto Y., Tsao C-Y., Valdes J.J. and Bentley W.R. (2005).@Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein Influence both Synthesis and Uptake of Extracellular Autoinducer 2 in Escherichia coli.@Journal of Bacteriology, 187(6), 2066-2076. http://doi.org/10.1128/JB.187.6.2066–2076.2005@Yes$Xavier K.B. and Bassler B.L. (2005).@Interference with AI-2-mediated bacterial cell–cell–communication.@Nature, 437(7059), 750-753. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature03960@Yes$Schopf S., Wanner G., Rachel R. and Wirth R. (2008).@Anarchaeal bi-species biofilm formed by Pyrococcus. Furiosus and Methanopyrus. kandleri.@Archives of Microbiology, 190(3), 371-377.@Yes$Johnson M., Montero C., Connors S., Shockley K., Bridger S. and Kelly R. (2005).@Population density-dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.@Journal of Molecular Microbiology, 55(3), 664-674.@Yes$Medigue C., Krin E., Pascal G., Barbe V., Bernsel A., Bertin P., Cheung F., Cruveiller S., D@Coping with cold: The genome of the versatile marine Antarctica bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125.@Journal of Genome Research, 15, 1325-1335.@Yes$Montgomery K., James C.C., Rebecca L., Pieter T.V. and Brendan P.B. (2013).@Quorum sensing in extreme environments.@Life, 3(1), 131-148.@Yes$Hall-Stoodley L., Costerton J.W. and Stoodley P. (2004).@Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.@Nature Reviews in Microbiology, 2, 95-108.@Yes$vanHoudt R., Aertsen A., Moons P., Vanoirbeek K. and Michiels C.W. (2006).@N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone signal interception by Escherichia coli.@FEMS Microbiol Lett., 256(1), 83-89.@Yes$Bansal T., Englert D., Lee J., Hegde M., Wood T.K. and Jayaraman A. (2007).@Differential effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and indole on Escherichia coli O157:H7 chemotaxis, colonization, and gene expression.@Journal of Infection and Immunity, 75(9), 4597-4607.@Yes$Visscher P.T., Prins R.A. and van Gemerden H. (1992).@Rates of sulfate reduction and thiosulfate consumption in a marine microbial mat.@FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 86(4), 283-293.@Yes$Pituka E.V. and Hoover R.B. (2007).@Microbial extremophiles at the limits of life.@Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 33, 183-209.@Yes$Decho A.W. (2000).@Microbial biofilms in intertidal systems: An overview.@Journal of Continental Shelf Research, 20, 1257-1273.@Yes$Rezzonico F. and Duffy B. (2008).@Lack of genomic evidence of AI-2 receptors suggests a non-quorum sensing role for luxS in most bacteria.@Journal of BMC Microbiology, 8, 154.@Yes$Reen F., Almagro-Moreno S., Ussery D. and Boyd E. (2006).@The genomic code: inferring Vibrionaceae. Niche specialization.@Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4, 1-8.@Yes$Baker-Austin C., Potrykus J., Wexler M., Bond P.L. and Dopson M. (2010).@Biofilm development in the extremely acidophilic archaeonFerroplasma. acidarmanusFer1.@Extremophiles, 14, 485-491.@Yes$Wenbin N., Dejuan Z., Feifan L., Lei Y., Peng C., Xiaoxuan Y. and Hongyu L. (2011).@Quorum-sensing system in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans involved in its resistance to Cu2+.@Journal of Letters in Applied Microbiology, 53(1), 84-91.@Yes$Moreno-Paz M., Gomez M., Arcas A. and Parro V. (2010).@Environmental transcriptome analysis reveals physiological differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of life of the iron oxidizing bacteria Leptospirillum spp. in their natural microbial community.@Journal of BMC Genomics, 11. 404-418.@Yes$Ruiz L., Valenzuela S., Castro M., Gonzalez A., Frezza M., Soulere L., Rohwerder T., Queneau Y., Doutheau A., Sand W., Jerez C. and Guiliani N. (2008).@AHL communication is a widespread phenomenon in bio mining bacteria and seems to be involved in mineral-adhesion efficiency.@Hydrometallurgy, 94, 133-137.@Yes$Hammer B. and Bassler B. (2003).@Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholera.@Journal of Molecular Microbiology, 50(1), 101-104.@Yes$March J. and Bentley W. (2004).@Quorum sensing and bacterial cross-talk in biotechnology.@Journal of Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 15, 495-502.@Yes$Casadevall A. and Pirofski L. (1999).@Host-Pathogen Interactions: Redefining the Basic Concepts of Virulence and Pathogenicity.@Journal of Infection and Immunity, 67(8), 3703-3713.@Yes$Neidig A., Yeung A.T., Rosay T., Tettmann B., Strempel N., Rueger M., Lesouhaitier O. and Overhage J. (2013).@TypA is involved in virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.@Journal of BMC Microbiology, 13, 77.@Yes$Losada L., Deb Roy C., Radune D., Kim M., Sanka R., Brinkac L., Kariyawasam S., Shelton D., Fratamico P.M. and Kapur V. (2016).@Whole genome sequencing of diverse Shiga toxin-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli strains reveals a variety of virulence and novel antibiotic resistance plasmids.@Plasmid, 83, 8-11.@Yes$Scallan E., Hoekstra R.M., Angulo F.J., Tauxe R.V., Widdowson M.A., Roy S.L., Jones J.L. and Griffin P.M. (2011).@Foodborne illness acquired in the United States–major pathogens.@Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17(1), 7-15. http://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101@Yes$Aston P.M., Neil P., Richard E., Liljana P., John W., Kathie A.G., Claire J. and Tim J.D. (2015).@Insight into Shiga toxin genes encoded by Escherichia coli O157 from whole genome sequencing.@Peer Journal, 3, 739.@Yes$Ethelberg S., Olsen K.E., Scheutz F., Jensen C., Schiellerup P., Engberg J., Petersen A.M., Olesen B., Gerner-Smidt P. and Molbak K. (2004).@Virulence factors for hemolytic uremic syndrome.@Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(5), 842-847.@Yes$Schmidt S., Wallbrecher R., van Kuppevelt T. and Brock R. (2015).@Methods to Study the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides.@Cell-Penetrating Peptides, Methods in Molecular Biology.Springer: New York, NY, USA, 123-131.@Yes$Stewart P.S. and Costerton J.W. (2001).@Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms.@Journal of the Lancet., 358, 135-138.@Yes$Kester J.C. and Fortune S.M. (2013).@Persisters and beyond: Mechanisms of phenotypic drug resistance and drug tolerance in bacteria.@Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 49(2), 91-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.869543@Yes$Boles B.R. and Singh P.K. (2008).@Endogenous oxidative stress produces diversity and adaptability in biofilm communities.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA., 105(34), 12503-12508.@Yes$Hirakawa H. and Tomita H. (2013).@Interference of bacterial cell-to-cell communication: a new concept of antimicrobial chemotherapy breaks antibiotic resistance.@Journal of Frontiers Microbiology , 4, 114.@Yes$Passador L., Tucker K.D., Guertin K.R., Journet M.P., Kende A.S. and Iglewski B.H. (1996).@Functional analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer PAI.@Journal of Bacteriology, 178(20), 5995-6000.@Yes$Schaefer A.L., Val D.L., Hanzelka B.L., Cronan J.E. and Greenberg E.P. (1996).@Generation of cell-to-cell signals in quorum sensing: acyl homoserine lactone synthase activityof a purified Vibrio fischeri LuxI protein.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 93, 9505-9509.@Yes$Zhu J., Beaber J.W., More M.I., Fuqua C., Eberhard A. and Winans S.C. (1998).@Analogs of the autoinducer 3-oxooctanoyl-homoserine lactone strongly inhibit activity of the TraR protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.@Journal of Bacteriology, 180(20), 5398-5405.@Yes$Ishida T., Ikeda T., Takiguchi N., Kuroda A., Ohtake H. and Kato J. (2007).@Inhibition of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by N-acyl cyclopentylamides.@Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(10), 3183-3188.@Yes$Givskov M., De Nys R., Manefield M., Gram L., Maximilien R., Eberl L., Molin oren, Steinberg Peter D. and Kjelleberg Staffan (1996).@Eukaryotic interference with homoserine lactone-mediated prokaryotic signaling.@Journal of Bacteriology, 178(22), 6618-6622.@Yes$Manefield M., De Nys R., Kumar N., Read R., Givskov M., and Steinberg P. (1999).@Evidence that halogenated furanones from Deliseapulchra inhibit acylatedhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein.@Microbiology, 145(2), 283-291.@Yes$Parsek M.R., Val D.L., Hanzelka B.L., Cronan J.E. and Greenberg E.P. (1999).@Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA., 96(8), 4360-4365.@Yes$Chung J., Goo E., Yu S., Choi O., Lee J., Kim J., Kim Hongsup, Igarashi Jun, Suga Hiroaki, Moon Jae Sun, Hwang Ingyu and Rhee Sangkee (2011).@Small-molecule inhibitor binding to an N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthase.@Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA., 108(29), 12089-12094.@Yes$Gutierrez J.A., Crowder T., Rinaldo-Matthis A., Ho M.C., Almo S.C. and Schramm V.L. (2009).@Transition state analogs of 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.@Journal of Nature Chemical Biology, 5(4), 251-257.@Yes$Vance J.E. and Peake K.B. (2011).@Function of the Niemann–Pick type C proteins and their bypass by cyclodextrin.@Journal of Current Opinion in Lipidology, 22, 204-209.@Yes$Roy V., Fernandes R., Tsao C.-Y. and Bentley W.E. (2010).@Cross species quorum quenching using a native ai-2 processing enzyme.@ACS Chem. Biol., 5(2), 223-232.@Yes$Xue X., Pasparakis G., Halliday N., Winzer K., Howdle S.M., Cramphorn C.J., Cameron N.R., Gardner P.M., Davis B.G., Fernandez-Trillo F. and Alexander C. (2011).@Synthetic polymers for simultaneous bacterial sequestration and quorum sense interference.@Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 50, 9852-9856.@Yes$Smith J.A., Wang J., Nguyen-Mau S.M., Lee V. and Sintim H.O. (2009).@Biological screening of a diverse set of AI-2 analogues in Vibrio harveyisuggests that receptors which are involved in synergistic agonism of AI-2 and analogues are promiscuous.@Chem. Commun. (Camb), 45, 7033-7035.@Yes <#LINE#>Review on removal of fluoride from water by some bio adsorbents<#LINE#>Mushini Venkata Subba @Rao <#LINE#>60-65<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-067.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, G M R Institute of Technology, Rajam -532 127, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>25/5/2017<#LINE#>10/8/2017<#LINE#>Fluoride (F-) is an anion of fluorine and which acts as the contaminants as in the form of anionic and it originate in additional in ground or surface water due to geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities. For animals and human beings the content of fluoride may be requirement under within the desirable limit. As per WHO in drinking water the desirable limit of fluoride should not exceed 1.5 ppm (in the absence of alternate, the fluoride maximum limit is 2.0 ppm). If excess amount of fluoride in water consumed by human beings in long-term, people suffers an adverse effects. As per the available epidemiological studies clearly shows that human beings suffers fluorosis, dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, immunological defects and brittle bones etc. If excess fluoride present in the drinking water rather than desirable limit it must be removed by suitable method, then only it is proper/ safe for drinking. Among various available methods around the global, adsorption process has relatively significant technique for defluoridation in water than precipitation, coagulation, ozonization, electrolytic treatment, reverse osmosis and ion exchange. Due to importance of fluoride in water, people at least know in the aspect of quality and quantity of fluoride in their drinking water and also should know the available remedy methods. In this paper a review study has been taken up on defluoridation from water by some selective biomass as adsorbents and their adsorption capabilities are discussed under various optimum experimental conditions.<#LINE#>Fluoride and Fluorides (1984).@Environmental Health Criteria 36; World Health Organization (WHO).@Geneva, Switzerland.@No$Fluorides (2002).@Environmental Health Criteria 227.@World Health Organization (WHO): Geneva, Switzerland.@No$Karthikeyan G. and Shanmugasundarraj A. (2000).@Isopleth mapping and in-situ fluoride dependence on water quality in the Krishnagiri block of Tamil Nadu in South India.@Fluoride, 33, 121-127.@Yes$Subba Rao N. (2003).@Groundwater quality: Focus on fluoride concentration in rural parts of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.@Hydrol. Sci. J., 48(5), 835-847.@Yes$Viswanathan G., Jaswanth A., Gopala Krishnan S., Siva Ilango S. and Aditya G. 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(2012).@Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using porous resins containing hydrated oxide of cerium(IV) and zirconium(IV).@J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 45(5), 331-336.@Yes$Hu C.Y., Lo S.L., Kuan W.H. and Lee Y.D. (2005).@Removal of fluoride from semiconductor wastewater by electrocoagulation-flotation.@Water Res., 39(5), 895-901.@Yes$Warmadewanthi B. and Liu J.C. (2009).@Selective separation of phosphate and fluoride from semiconductor wastewater.@Water Sci. Technol., 59(10), 2047-2053.@Yes$World Health Organization (2004).@Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality.@1, 3rd ed., World Health Organization (WHO),Geneva, Switzerland.@Yes$Peckham S. and Awofeso N. (2014).@Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention.@The Scientific World Journal, 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/293019.@Yes$Habuda-Stanić M., Ergović Ravančić M. and Flanagan A. (2014).@A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution.@Materials, 7(9), 6317-6366.@Yes$Mohapatra M., Anand S., Mishra B.K., Giles D.E. and Singh P. (2009).@Review of fluoride removal from drinking water.@J. Environ. Manage., 91, 67-77.@Yes$Fan X., Parker D.J. and Smith M.D. (2003).@Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on low cost materials.@Water Res., 37, 4929-4937.@Yes$Li Y., Zhang P., Du Q., Peng X., Liu T., Wang Z., Xia Y., Zhang W. and Wang K. (2011).@Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by graphene.@J. Colloid Interface Sci., 363, 348-354.@Yes$Rao C.R.N. (2003).@Fluoride and Environment—A Review.@In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health, Chennai, India, 386-399.@Yes$Tomar V. and Kumar D. (2013).@A critical study on efficiency of different materials for fluoride removal from aqueous media.@Chem. Cent. J., 7, 51.@Yes$Mohapatra M., Anand S., Mishra B.K., Giles D.E. and Singh P. (2009).@Review of fluoride removal from drinking water.@J. Environ. Manage., 91, 67-77.@Yes$Jamode A.V., Sapkal V.S. and Jamode V.S. (2004).@Defluoridationof water using inexpensive adsorbents.@J.Indian Inst.Sci., 84, 163-171.@Yes$Jain J.K. and Gupta Nidhi (2013).@Defluoridation of Water Using Bio adsorbents: Kinetic Study.@International journal of scientific research, 2(12), 171-175.@Yes$Hanumantharao Y., Kishore M. and Ravindranath K. (2011).@Preparation and development of adsorbent carbon from Acacia Farnesiana for Defluoridation.@International journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental sciences, 1(3), 209-223.@Yes$Rout T.K., Verma R., Dennis R.V. and Banerjee S. (2015).@Study the removal of fluoride from aqueous medium by using Nano composites.@Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption sciences, 5, 38-52.@Yes$Jenish S. and Methodis P.A. (2011).@Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water Using Used Tea Leaves as Adsorbent.@Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(7), 2889-2892.@Yes$Patil R.N., Nagarnaik P.B. and Agrawal D.K. (2016).@Removal of fluoride from ground water by using treated bark of phyllanthus emblica (amla) tree.@International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 11-20.@No$Ganvir V. and Das K. (2011).@Removal of fluoride from drinking water using aluminum hydroxide coated rice husk ash.@J. Hazard.Mater., 185(2-3), 1287-1294.@Yes$Mondal N.K., Bhaumik R., Banerjee A., Datta J.K. and Baur T. (2012).@A comparative study on the batch performance of fluoride adsorption by activated silica gel and activated rice husk ash.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 1643-1661.@Yes$Kamble R.K. (2012).@Defluoridation of water using bioadsorbent-Basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaves and its stem.@Proc. 99th Indian Science Congress, Bhubaneswar, Part-II, 73-74.@No$Sudarshan V., Narsimha A., Geeta S. and Shankar S. (2014).@Efficacy of Tulsi (Holy Basil) for removal of fluoride in groundwater.@International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 5(7), 1236-1238.@Yes$Wendimu G., Zewge F. and Mulugeta E. (2017).@Aluminium-iron-amended activated bamboo charcoal (AIAABC) for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.@Journal of Water Process Engineering, 16, 123-131.@Yes$Kanaujia S., Singh Bharat and Singh S.K. (2015).@Removal of Fluoride from Groundwater by Carbonised Punica granatum Carbon (“CPGC”) Bio-Adsorbent.@Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 3, 1-9.@Yes$Tomar V., Prasad S. and Kumar D. (2014).@Adsorptive removal of fluoride from aqueous media using Citrus limonum (lemon) leaf.@Microchem. J., 112, 97-103.@Yes$Singha Kalpana, Lataye Dilip H. and Wasewarc K.L. (2017).@Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by using Bael (Aegle Marmelos) Shell Activated Carbon: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic study.@Journal Fluorine Chemistry, 194, 23-32.@Yes$Dwivedi S., Mondal P. and Balomajumder C. (2014).@Bioadsorption of Fluoride by Ficusreligiosa (Peepal Leaf Powder): Optimization of process Parameters and Equilibrium study.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(7), 52-60.@Yes <#LINE#>A review on biodegradation of pharmaceuticals through microorganisms<#LINE#>Neha @Kamal,Alok @Sinha,Vipin @Kumar <#LINE#>66-72<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2017-083.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Environ. Sci. and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad - 826004, Jharkhand, India@Dept. of Environ. Sci. and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad - 826004, Jharkhand, India@Dept. of Environ. Sci. and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad - 826004, Jharkhand, India<#LINE#>30/11/2016<#LINE#>4/7/2017<#LINE#>Pharmaceuticals are one of the most critical evolving contaminants. The highest source of the pharmaceuticals contamination is the hospitals, household and pharmaceuticals manufactures. Numerous methods for example physico-chemical and biological methods have been employed in the degradation of pharmaceuticals. As physico-chemical methods are expensive, biological methods- thorough microorganisms are extensively used. A better understanding of the mechanism of biodegradation has a high ecological significance that depends on the indigenous microorganisms to transform or mineralize the organic contaminants. The present review gives a short discussion on the role of microorganisms in degradation of pharmaceuticals.<#LINE#>Oppenheimer J., Stephenson R., Burbano A. and Liu L. (2007).@Characterizing the Passage of Personal Care Products throughWastewater Treatment Processes.@Water Environment Research., 79(13), 2564-2577.@Yes$Daughton C.G. and Ternes T.A. (1999).@Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?.@Environ Health Persp., 107, 907.@Yes$Daughton C.G. (2003).@Cradle-to-cradle stewardship of drugs for minimizing their environmental disposition while promoting human health: I Rationale for and avenues toward a green pharmacy.@Environ Health Persp., 111(5), 757-774.@Yes$Richardson B.J., Lam P.K. and Martin M. (2005).@Emerging chemicals of concern: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (Pharmaceuticals) in Asia, with particular reference to Southern China.@Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50(9), 913-920.@Yes$Mompelat S., Le Bot B. and Thomas O. (2009).@Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water.@Environ. Int., 35(5), 803-814.@Yes$Kaestner M., Nowak K.M., Miltner A., Trapp S. and Schaeffer A. (2014).@Classification and modelling of nonextractable residue (NER) formation of xenobiotics in soil- synthesis.@Crit. Rev.Environ. Sci.Technol., 44(19), 2107-2171.@Yes$Kallenborn R.K., Berger U. and Järnberg U. (2004).@Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (pfas) in the Nordic Environment.@Nordic Council of Ministers.@Yes$Mompelat S., Le Bot B. and Thomas O. (2009).@Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water.@Environ. Int., 35(5), 803-814.@Yes$Calamari D., Zuccato E., Castiglioni S., Bagnati R. and Fanelli R. (2003).@Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy.@Environ. Sci.Technol., 37(7), 1241-1248.@Yes$Moldovan Z. (2006).@Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as micro pollutants in rivers from Romania.@Chemosphere., 64(11), 1808-1817.@Yes$Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Dinsdale R.M. and Guwy A.J. (2008).@The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK.@Water Res., 42(13), 3498-3518.@Yes$Huerta-Fontela M., Galceran M.T. and Ventura F. (2011).@Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and hormones through drinking water treatment.@Water Res., 45(3), 1432-1442.@Yes$Wu M., Xiang J., Que C., Chen F. and Xu G. (2015).@Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the urban water system of Shanghai, China.@Chemosphere, 138, 486-493.@Yes$Roberts J., Kumar A., Du J., Hepplewhite C., Ellis D.J., Christy A.G. and Beavis S.G. (2016).@Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Australia@Sci. Total Environ., 541, 1625-1637.@Yes$Cabeza Y., Candela L., Ronen D. and Teijon G. (2012).@Monitoring the occurrence ofemerging contaminants in treated wastewater and groundwater between 2008 and 2010. The Baix Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain).@J. Hazard. Mater., 239, 32-39.@Yes$Lopez-Serna R., Jurado A., Vazquez-Sune E., Carrera J., Petrovic M. and Barcelo D. (2013).@Occurrence of 95 pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaterr underlying the metropolis of Barcelona, Spain.@Environ. Pollut., 174, 305-315.@Yes$Karnjanapiboonwong A., Suski J.G., Shah A.A., Cai Q., Morse A.N. and Anderson T.A. (2011).@Occurrence of PPCPs at a wastewater treatment plant and in soil and groundwater at a land application site.@Water, Air, & Soil Pollut., 216(1-4), 257-273.@Yes$Gottschall N., Topp E., Metcalfe C., Edwards M., Payne M., Kleywegt S., Russell P. and Lapen D. (2012).@Pharmaceutical and personal care products in groundwater, subsurface drainage, soil, and wheat grain, following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.@Chemosphere., 87(2), 194-203.@Yes$Boyd G.R., Palmeri J.M., Zhang S. and Grimm D.A. (2004).@Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in storm water canals and Bayou St. John in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.@Sci Total Environ., 333, 137-148.@Yes$Arslan-Alaton I. and Gurses F. (2004).@Photo-Fenton-like and photo-fenton-like oxidation of Procaine Penicillin G formulation effluent.@J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., 165(1), 165-175.@Yes$Carballa M., Omil F., Lema J.M., Llompart M.A., García-Jares C., Rodríguez I., Gomez M. and Ternes T. (2004).@Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant.@Water Res., 38(12), 2918-2926.@Yes$Lindqvist N., Tuhkanen T. and Kronberg L. 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