@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Study of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Zooplankton of Lapkaman pond, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Yashpal A.@Anand,Linz Buoy@George,Hyacinth N.@Highland<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-016.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad,  India<#LINE#>10/2/2016<#LINE#>11/6/2016<#LINE#>Water is the most vital resource and necessity of life. Ponds of Gujarat State are often the main natural water resources which are extensively used by the local population for manifold purposes. Pollution of water affects the pond ecosystem and human health. In the present study, the specific physico-chemical indices of water i.e.  Temperature, dissolved Oxygen, dissolved Carbon Dioxide, pH, Total Hardness and Chloride and zooplankton were analysed from the Lapkaman pond, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Zooplankton is primary consumers, the source of food for higher organisms and important bioindicator of water quality. Hence the data obtained has added significance in this region to identify deterioration of water quality in relation to anthropogenic pressures.<#LINE#>Mishra A. and Bhatt V. (2008).@Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Nearby Places of Anand district, Gujarat, India.@Journal of Chemistry, 5(3), 487-492.@Yes$Wetzel R.G. (2006).@Limnological: Lake and River Ecosystems.@3/e, Wetzel Academic press, An Imprint of Elsevier, 1-91.@Yes$Naik Subrat R.C. Panigrahy and Anil Mohapatra (2008).@Spatio-temporal distribution of zooplankton in Chilka lake- A Ramsar site on the Indian east coast.@Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 1(3).@Yes$Ramachandra T. V. and Uttam Kumar (2008).@Wetlands of Greater Bangalore, India: Automatic Delineation through Pattern Classifiers.@Electronic Green Journal, EGJ Issue 1(26).@Yes$Mikschi E. (1989).@Rotifer distribution in relation to temperature and oxygen content.@Hydrobiol., 186(1), 209-214.@Yes$Ramachandra T.V. (2008).@Spatial Analysis and Characterization of Lentic Ecosystems: A Case Study of Varthur Lake, Bangalore.@International Journal of Ecology & Development Winter, 9(W08), 39-56.@Yes$Wetzel R. G. and G.E. Likens (2004).@Limnological Analysis.@Springer-Verlag London Limited, 15-43, 73 -79, 147-184.@Yes$Sharma P.D. (2005).@Ecology and Environment.@Rastogi Publications, 278-290, 572-576, 580-583.@Yes$Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K. (1986).@Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies.@Environmental publications, Karad.@Yes$Battish S.K. (1992).@Freshwater zooplankton of India.@Oxford and ibh publishing co. pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1-25.@Yes$APHA (2012).@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.@22nd Ed. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington D.C., U.S.A.@No$Sharifun Nahar Islam and Abdus Salam Bhuiyan (2007).@Physico-chemical Condition and Occurrence of Some Zooplankton in a Pond of Rajshahi University.@Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2(2), 21-25, INSI net Publication.@Yes$Gaikwad S.R., Ingle K.N. and Thorat S.R. (2008).@Study of zooplankton pattern and resting egg diversity of recently dried water bodies in north Maharashtra region.@J. Environ. Biol. 29, 353-356.@Yes$Boyd C.E. (1979).@Water Quality in Warm Water Fish Ponds.@Craft master Printers, Inc. Opelika, Alabama.@Yes$Ansari Ekhalak, Gadhia Mohini and Surana Ranjana (2012).@Water quality of a Temple pond (Khajod) of Surat District, India.@Proceeding of International Conference SWRDM-2012.@No$Reid (1961).@Ecology of inland waters and estuaries.@Chapman and hall ltd, Reinhald Pub. Corpn., N.Y., 375.@Yes$Bhattacharya T., Pahari P.R., and Dutta T. K. (2002).@Temporal variation in Density Planktonic Group with Special Reference to Cyclopoida (Copepoda) in Lentic Habitat.@Ecology & Conservation of Lakes, Reservoirs & Rivers, vollume 2, ABD Publishers Jaipur, India, 350-386.@No$Soni H.B. and Sheju Thomas (2013).@Preliminary Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Tropical Pilgrimage Wetland of Central Gujarat, India.@International Journal of Environment 2(1), 202-223.@Yes$Rao A. and Mishra S. (2010).@An assessment of the nutritional profile of milk in different seasons and locations in varanasi through modern laboratory techniques.@Indian J. Prev. Soc. Med. 41(3&4).@Yes$Dutta Tapas Kumar, Patra Bidhan C. (2013).@Biodiversity and seasonal abundance of Zooplankton and its relation to physico-chemical parameters of Jamunabundh, Bishnupur, India.@International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(8).@Yes$Pathak Neelam B. and Mankodi P.C. (2013).@Hydrological status of Danteshwar pond, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 2(1), 43-48.@Yes$Poongodi R., Saravana Bhavan P., Vijayan P., Kannan S. and Karpagam S. (2009).@Population of zooplankton in relation to physico-chemical parameters of a seasonal pond.@Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2(2), 105-110.@Yes$Gannon J.E. and Stemberger R.S. (1978).@Zooplankton especially crustaceans and rotifers as indicators of water quality.@Trans Am. Micros. Soc., 917, 16-35.@Yes$Alfred J.R.B. and Thapa M.P. (1996).@Limnological investigation on ward’s lake – A wetland in shilling, Meghalaya, N. E. India.@Records of the zoological survey of India. Occasional paper no. zoological survey of India, Calcutta 169, 57-101.@Yes$Herzing A. (1987).@The analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: A plea for long-term investigations.@Hydrological, 147, 163-180.@Yes$Kiran B.R., E.T. Puttaiah and Devidas Kamath (2007).@Diversity and Seasonal Fluctuation of Zooplankton in Fish Pond of Bhadra fish farm, Karnataka.@Zoos’ Print journal 22(12), 2935-2936.@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of Phosphate and Iron Oxide on Mobility of Lead and Arsenic in Shooting Range Soils<#LINE#>Saha@U.K.,Fayiga@A.O.<#LINE#>7-23<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-047.pdf<#LINE#>University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, 2300 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA@Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA<#LINE#>24/3/2016<#LINE#>16/6/2016<#LINE#>Soil pollution in shooting range soils is a public health concern due to the presence of toxic elements such as lead and arsenic. This study evaluated the effectiveness of phosphate and Fe-oxide amendments to reduce the mobility of Pb and As in six shooting range soils in Florida using leaching tests, mineralogical analysis, kinetic study and geochemical modeling with Visual MINTEQ. Phosphate (phosphate rock and phosphoric acid) was applied either singly or in combination with iron-oxide at different Fe/As molar ratios. TCLP-Pb concentrations were reduced from 19-2422 to 1.75-5.16 mg/L in P treated soils, indicating that TCLP-Pb was reduced below or close to the regulatory limit of 5 mg/L. Even though the SPLP-Pb also reduced in P-treated soils, it did not fall below regulatory limit of 15 &#956;g/L. P treatment also reduced TCLP-As probably by formation of arsenate-phosphate phases. However, P treatment increased SPLP-As but addition of iron oxide reduced SPLP-As below sole P treatments. TCLP-As decreased by 60% to 80% in iron oxide treated soils. A kinetic study showed that Pb immobilization by P can occur during TCLP extraction. Hydroxypyromorphite and lead-phosphate were predicted by Visual MINTEQ as the principal solubility-controlling phase for soluble Pb in both TCLP and SPLP systems. Though, there was high leaching of P, addition of iron oxides to P treated soils also reduced leaching of P. Phosphate and iron oxide can be used to reduce mobility of Pb and As in contaminated shooting range soils.<#LINE#>Rimstidt D. (2004).@Do Lead Bullets Continue To Be A Hazard After They Land?.@Science Daily. Available online at: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/11/041104 005801.html, Last accessed September 25, 2008.@Yes$Fayiga A.O., Saha U., Cao X. and Ma L. Q. (2011).@Chemical and physical characterization of lead in three shooting range soils in Florida.@Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 23, 148-154.@Yes$Fisher F.M. and Hall S.L. (1986).@Heavy metal concentrations of duck tissues in relation to ingestion of spent shot. In J.S. Feierabend and A.B. Russell (eds.).@Lead poisoning in wild waterfowl-a workshop. Cooperative Lead Poisoning Control Information Prog., Washington, DC. p. 37-42.@Yes$Jorgensen S. S. and Willems M. (1987).@The fate of lead in soils: The transformation of lead pellets in shooting range soils.@Ambio 16, 11-15.@Yes$Luo Y. and Hong A. (1997).@Oxidation and dissolution of lead in chlorinated drinking water.@Adv. Environ. Res. 1, 84– 97.@Yes$Cao X., Ma L.Q., Chen M. Hardison D.W., and Harris, W.G. (2003).@Lead transformation and distribution in the soils of shooting ranges in Florida, USA.@Sci. Tot. Environ. 307, 179-189.@Yes$Graedel T.E. (1994).@Chemical mechanisms for the atmospheric corrosion of lead.@Journal of the Electrochemical Society 141, 922-927.@Yes$Lin Z. (1996).@Secondary mineral phases of metallic lead in soils of shooting ranges from Orebro County, Sweden.@Environmental Geology, 27, 370 –375.@Yes$Craig, J. R., Rimstidt, J. D., Bonnaffon, C. A., Collins, T. K., and Scanlon, P. F. (1999).@Surface water transport of lead at a shooting range.@Bull. Environ. Cont. Toxicol., 63, 312–319.@Yes$Cao, X., Ma, L.Q., Chen, M., Hardison, D.W., and Harris, W. G. (2003).@Weathering of lead bullets and their environmental effects at outdoor shooting ranges.@J. Environ. Qual. 307, 526-534.@Yes$Hardison Jr., D.W., Ma, L.Q., Luongo, T., and Harris, W.G. (2004).@Lead contamination in shooting range soils from abrasion of lead bullets and subsequent weathering.@Sci. Total Environ. 328, 175-183.@Yes$Ma, L.Q., Hardison, D.W., Harris, W.G., Cao, X, and Zhou, Q. (2007).@Effects of soil property and soil amendment on weathering of abraded metallic Pb in shooting ranges.@Water Air Soil Pollut, 178, 297-307.@Yes$Sanderson, P., Naidu, R., Bolan, N., Bowman, M., and Mclure S. (2012).@Effect of soil type on distribution and bioaccessibility of metal contaminants in shooting range soils.@Sci Total Environ, 438, 452-462.@Yes$USEPA. (2001).@Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges.@United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-902-B-01-001, Washington D.C.@No$Chrysochoou, M., Dermatas, D., and Grubb, D.G. (2007).@Phosphate application to firing range soils for Pb immobilization: The unclear role of phosphate.@J. Haz. Mat. 144, 1-14.@Yes$Dermatas, D., Chrysochoou, M., Grubb, D.G., and Xu, X. (2008).@Phosphate treatment of firing range soils: Lead fixation or phosphorus release?.@J. Environ. Qual. 37, 47-56.@Yes$Chen, M., Ma, L.Q., and Harris, W.G. (2000).@Distribution of Pb and As in soils at a shooting facility in Central Florida.@Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fl. Proc., 60, 15-20.@Yes$Dermatas D., Cao X., Tsaneva V., Shen G, and Grubb D. (2006a).@Fate and behavior of metal(loid) contaminants in an organic matter rich soil: Implications for remediation.@Water, Air and Soil Pollut, 6(1), 143-155.@Yes$Peryea F.J., and Kammereck., R. (1997).@Phosphate-enhanced movement of arsenic out of lead arsenate-contaminated topsoil and through uncontaminated subsoil@. Water Air Soil Pollut. 93, 243-54.@Yes$Jackson, B.P., and Miller, W.P. (2000).@Effectiveness of phosphate and hydroxide for desorption of arsenic and selenium species from iron oxides.@Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64, 1616-1622.@Yes$Mench, M.J. (1994).@A mimicked in-situ remediation study of metal-contaminated soils with emphasis on cadmium and lead.@J. Environ. Qual., 23, 58-63.@Yes$Carabante, I. (2012).@Arsenic (V) Adsorption on Iron Oxide: Implications for Soil Remediation and Water Purification.@Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden.@Yes$Aredes, S., Klein, B. and Pawlik M. (2013).@The removal of arsenic from water using natural iron oxide minerals.@Journal of Cleaner Production, 60, 71-76,@Yes$Okkenhaug, G., Gebhardt, K., Amstaetter, K., Bue, H., Herzel, H., Mariussen, E., Almås, A., Cornelissen, G., Breedveld, G., Rasmussen, G., and Mulder, J. (2016).@Antimony (Sb) and lead (Pb) in contaminated shooting range soils: Sb and Pb mobility and immobilization by iron based sorbents, A field study.@J. Haz Mat, 307, 336-343.@Yes$USDA, (2004).@Soil Survey Laboratory Methods: Manual Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42, Version 4.0.@United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, Nebraska.@No$Gillman, G. P. and Sumpter, E. A. (1986).@Modification to the compulsive exchange method for measuring exchange characteristics of soils.@Aust. J. Soil Res. 24, 61-66.@Yes$Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. (1982).@Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter.@In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties-Agronomy Monograph no 9 second ed., 570-571.@Yes$USEPA (2007).@Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.@SW-846, Revision 6, United States Environment Protection Agency, Available online at: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/mainhtmtable. Last accessed September/15/2007.@Yes$McKeague, J. A., and Day, J. H. (1966).@Dithionite and oxalate extractable Fe and Al as aids in differentiating various classes of soils.@Can. J. Soil Sci. 46, 1-22.@Yes$USEPA, (1995).@Test Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste, vol. IV, Laboratory Manual Physical/Chemical Methods, SW 846, 40 CFR Parts 403 and 503.@3rd ed. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Washington, DC.@No$USEPA, (1994).@Proceeding under section 7003 of the solid waste disposal Act. Westchester county Sportsmens Center.@Administrative Order of Consent, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Docket No. II RCRA-94-7003-0204. 25.@No$Carvalho, L.H.M., De Koe, T., and Tavares, P. B. (1998).@An improved molybdenum blue method for simultaneous determination of inorganic phosphate and arsenate.@Ecotoxicol. Environ. Rest., 1,13-19.@Yes$NELAC (2003).@NELAC (National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference) Standards.@EPA/600/R-04/003, The NELAC Institute, Weatherford, TX. Available online at: http://www.nelac-institute.org/docs/2003nelacstandard.pdf, Last accessed September/29/2008.@No$Gustafsson, J. P. (2004).@Visual MINTEQ version 2.51.@KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.@No$ICDD (2002).@PDF-2 Database Release, announcement of new database release.@International Centre for Diffraction Data.@Yes$ICSD (2006).@Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.@Inorganic Crystal Structure Database.@No$SAS. (1999).@The SAS systems for windows.@Release 8.02. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC.@No$Dermatas, D., G. Shen, M. Chrysochoou, D.G. Grubb, N. Menounou, and P. Dutko. (2006).@Pb speciation versus TCLP release in firing range soils.@J. Haz. Mat., 136, 34-46.@Yes$Vantelon, D., Lanzirotti, A., Schenoist, C. A., and Kretzschmar, R. (2005).@Spatial distribution and speciation of lead around corroding bullets in a shooting range soil studied by micro-X-ray Fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy.@Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 4808-4815.@Yes$Cao, X., Ma, L.Q., Chen, M., Singh, S.P., and Harris, W.G. (2002).@Impacts of phosphate amendments on lead biogeochemistry at a contaminated site.@Environ. Sci. Technol.  36, 5296-5304.@Yes$Chen, M., Ma, L.Q., Singh, S.P., Cao, R.X., and Melamed, R. (2003).@Field demonstration of in situ immobilization of soil Pb using P amendment.@Adv. Environ. Res., 8, 93-102.@Yes$Weng, L., Van Riemsdijk, W. and Hiemstra, T. (2012).@Factors controlling phosphate interactions with Iron oxides.@J. Environ. Qual., 41 (3), 628-635.@Yes$Cui, Y., Du, X., and Weng, L. (2010).@Assessment of in-situ immobilization of lead and arsenic in contaminated soils with phosphate and iron: Solubility and Bioaccessibility.@Water, Air, Soil Pollut, 213, 95-104.@Yes$Fernandez-Baca, C. (2010).@Investigation of the effect of phosphate on Iron II sorption to Iron oxides.@Unpublished M Sc Thesis, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.@Yes$Yoon, S., Lee, C., Park, J., Kim, J., Kim, S., Lee, S., and Choi, J. (2014).@Kinetics, Equilibrum and Thermodynamic Studies for Phosphate Adsorption to Magnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles.@Chemical Engineering Journal, 236, 341-347@Yes$Neupane, G., and Donahoe, R. J. (2013).@Calcium phosphate treatment of contaminated soil for arsenic immobilization.@Applied Geochemistry, 28, 145-154@Yes$Goldberg, S, and Johnston, C.T. (2001).@Mechanisms of Arsenic Adsorption on Amorphous Oxides Evaluated Using Macroscopic Measurements, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Surface Complexation Modeling.@J Colloid Interface Sci.,  234(1), 204-216.@Yes$Xu, X., Zheng, G., Li, S., Takahashi, Y., Shen, G., and Dermatas, D. (2015).@A quantitative XANES evaluation of the TCLP applicability in phosphate induced lead stabilization for firing range soils.@Environ. Earth Sci. 73, 1641-1647.@Yes$Cao, X. and Dermatas D. (2008).@Evaluating the applicability of regulatory leaching tests for assessing lead leachability in contaminated shooting range soils.@Environ Monit Assess., 139(1-3), 1-13.@Yes$Nriagu, J.O. (1974).@Lead Orthophosphates-IV: Formation and stability in the environment.@Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 887-898.@Yes$Dermatas, D., Grubb, D. and Chrysochoou, M. (2007).@Comparison of the TCLP and sequential extraction test for evaluating lead leachability in firing range soils.@Proceedings of the 10th International conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Kos Island, Greece. 3rd -7th Dec, pp A303-A310.@No$Gillman, G. P. (1973).@Studies on some deep sandy soils in Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland: Losses of applied phosphorus and sulphur.@Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 13,418-22.@Yes$Zupancic, M., Lavric, S., and Bukovec, P. (2012).@Metal immobilization and phosphorus leaching after stabilization of pyrite ash contaminated soil by phosphate amendments.@J. Environ. Monit.14, 704-710.@Yes
<#LINE#>A Check list of Avifaunal Diversity in Semi-Urban areas of Cuttack, India: Implication on Conservation and Environmental Studies<#LINE#>Mahanti@Padma,Kumar@Sanjeet<#LINE#>24-32<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-049.pdf<#LINE#>Conservator of Forests, Department of Forest and Wildlife, Kerala, India@School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India<#LINE#>27/3/2016<#LINE#>20/6/2016<#LINE#>Biodiversity is the term used to describe the variety of life found on earth. Urban deforestation is a serious problem due to much un-controlled anthropogenic activities. Birds play a vital role in regeneration of flowering plant species and help in the reforestation. This symbiotic relationship is not only for the sustainability, but it also plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature. The birds eat the fruits and help in the dispersion of seeds in different urban area of the city. They also help in the pollination of many flowering plants. Keeping this all in view, an attempt was made to check list of birds in semi-urban area of Cuttack. Cuttack is a lush-green urban area situated in the eastern part of India. The perching frequencies have been recorded. Results revealed that out of 122 avian species, of which 18 furgivorous birds were recorded along with 08 birds as frequent seen as pollinators in this semi-urban area.  The study reveals that furgivorous and pollinating birds play a vital role in pollination and regeneration of flowering plants. The presence of such plants also regulates the existence of birds in urban areas.  The present findings suggest that the conservation of plant wealth dependent upon the conservation of birds to make the environment eco-friendly.<#LINE#>Salwasser H. (1991).@Roles for land and resource managers in Conserving biological diversity.@Forest Ecol. Manage., 35, 79-90.@Yes$Tobias M.C. and Morrison J.G. (2014).@Why Life Matters:  Fifty ecosystems of the heart and mind. Springer Nethralands, 1-419.@undefined@No$Chapin S.F., Schulze E.D. and Mooney H.A. (1992).@Biodiversity and ecosystem process.@Trend. Ecol. Evolu, 7, 107-108.@Yes$Babasahen B.F., Kamble A.L. and Kumar M. (2012).@Will climate change pose serious threat to crop pest management: a critical review?.@Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 2(11), 1-14.@Yes$Singh A. (2011).@Observation on the vascular wall flora of Banaras Hindu University Campus, India.@Bullet. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 1(1), 33-39.@Yes$Ellis E.C., Kaplan J.O., Fuller D.Q., Vavrus S., Goldewijk K.K. and Verburg P.H. (2013).@Used planet: a global history.@Nat. Acad. Sci. Uni. Stat. Amer., 110(20), 7978-7985.@Yes$Sherbinin A.D., Carr D., Cassels S. and Leiwen J. (2007).@Population and environment.@Ann. Rev. Environment. Res., 32, 345-373.@Yes$Ibisch P.L, Vega E. and Hermann T.M. (2010).@Interdependence of biodiversity and development under global change.@Secretariat of the convention on biological diversity, Montreal, 54.@Yes$Gaston A.J. (1973).@Methods for estimating bird population.@J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., 72, 272-281.@Yes$Remsen J.V., Cadena C.D., Jaramillo A., Nores M., Pacheco J.F., Robbins M.B., Schulenberg T.S., Stiles F.G., Stotz D.F. and Zimmer K.J. (2012).@A classification of the bird species of South America.@American Ornithologists’ Union.@Yes$Sinha B.N. (1990).@Geography of Cuttack city.@Cutt. Tho. Yea, 1, 1-1.@Yes$Acharya P. (1949).@Cuttack and its monuments.@Oris. Rev., 11.@Yes$Mahakul P. (2015).@Impact of spirituality on thousand years old Cuttack city in business management and communication.@Amer. Int. J. Res. Hum. Art. Soc. Sci., 12(2), 160-165.@No$CMC (2016).@Cuttack Municipal Corporation.@@No$Mishra S.P. and Jena J. (2015).@Morphological reconstruction of Southern Mahanadi delta and Chilka lagoon, India- a critical study.@Int. J. Adv. Res., 3(5), 691-702.@Yes
<#LINE#>Study on Aerobic In-vessel composting of Food Waste<#LINE#>Mafaz@Ahamed R.,Saraswathi@R. <#LINE#>33-41<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-051.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of technology, Coimbatore, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of technology, Coimbatore, India<#LINE#>28/3/2016<#LINE#>20/5/2016<#LINE#>This study is about the management of food waste by means of aerobic In-vessel composting that has been carried out in laboratory scale with the primary objective pertaining to on site composting of food waste generated in hotels, markets and thus making it as a source of revenue. Three trials have been carried out with different mix ratios, bulking agents and starting cultures. The process has been monitored based on parameters like pH, Height (volume reduction), Organic Matter, organic carbon, Moisture content, Dry matter, Ash content and finally the compost is mixed with soil to check the plant growth and its yield. According to the findings the best suitable ratios will suggested to be implemented in large scale.<#LINE#>USEPA (2016).@Municipal Solid Waste.@https//www3.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal,  20/03/2016.@No$Salman Zafar (2016).@Food waste Management in USA.@Bioenergy Consult, www.bioenergyconsult.com, 20/03/2016.@No$Saumithra Chaudhuri Committee (2016).@India wastes Rs44000 cr worth food every year.@www.deccanherald.com, 23/03/2016.@No$Carolyn E. Zezima, Esq. (2016).@Seven tips for a successful Food waste collection and composting program.@https://www.assistedhousinginsider.com.  23/03/2016.@No$Atalia K.R., Buha D.M., Bhavsar K.A. and Shah N.K. (2015).@A Review on Composting of Municipal Solid Waste.@IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT).@Yes$Danielle Aslam M.S. (2016).@The science behind In-Vessel Composting.@25th annual biocycle west coast conference, www.ppt2txt.com, 25/03/2016.@Yes$US Composting Council (2016).@Test Methods and Parameters.@www.compostingcouncil.org/test-methods-parameters/, 25/03/2016.@No$Chun-Jiang Ana, Guo-He Huanga, Yao Yaoa, Wei Suna and  Kai Anb  (2012).@Performance of in-vessel composting of food waste in the presence of coal ash and uric acid.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 203-204, 38-45.@Yes$Mohammed Rihani,  Dimitri Malamis, Bouchra Bihaoui, Samira Etahiri, Maria Loizidou and Omar Assobhei (2010).@In-vessel treatment of urban primary sludge by aerobic composting.@Bioresource Technology, 101, 5988-5995.@Yes$Azizul Moqsud M.,  Habibur Rahman M., Shigenori Hayashi and Y Jun Du (2008).@An assessment of modified composting barrel for sustainable organic waste management in Bangladesh.@Journal of Solid Waste Technology & Management, 34(1).@Yes$Tiamiyu R.A., Ahmed H.G. and Muhammad A.S. (2012).@Effect of Sources of Organic Manure on Growth and Yields of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Sokoto, Nigeria.@Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science,  20(3), 213-216.@Yes$CPCB (2006).@Characterization of compost quality and application of compost and sewage.@Sludge in agriculture, central pollution control board, CUPS/59/2005-06.@No$Tracy Allen and Solomon Kariuki (2014).@Ref. No. SPTTL_8 Soil and Plant Tissue Testing Laboratory.@http://soiltest.umass.edu.@No$Behera P.K. (2006).@Soil and solid waste analysis A Laboratory Manual.@dominant publishers and distributors, ISBN 81-7888-406-2.@Yes
<#LINE#>Response Surface Methodological Approach to Optimize the Process Parameters Using PFSIS - Ahybrid Coagulant in Water Treatment<#LINE#>Sandhiya Santhi@Chandragiri,Saraswathi@R.<#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-061.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of technology, Coimbatore, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of technology, Coimbatore, India<#LINE#>16/4/2016<#LINE#>19/6/2016<#LINE#>Polyferric silicate sulphate (PFSiS), a hybrid coagulant was amalgamated by co-polymerization technique using Ferric salt and Polysilicic acid at different OH/Fe ratio and Fe/Si molar ratios. The main intention of this paper was to optimize the factors for the turbidity removal in coagulation-flocculation process in water treatment using Box Behnken method. Effectiveness of important process parameters Fe/Si molar ratio, OH/Fe molar ratio, pH and dosage were enumerated, optimized and designed effectively. Valid quadratic polynomial models were obtained. Hence, PFSiS has proven the capability for the turbidity removal in low turbid water.<#LINE#>Zouboulis A.I., Tzoupanos N.D. and Moussas P.A. (2007).@Inorganic pre-polymerized coagulants current status and future trends.@Int. Conf. on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Agios Nikolaos, Greece, 24-26, 292.@Yes$Tzoupanos N.D. and Zouboulis A.I. (2011).@Preparation, characterization and application of novel composite coagulants for surface water treatment.@Water research, 45, 3614-3626.@Yes$Zouboulis A.I. and Moussas P.A. (2008).@Polyferric silicate sulphate (PFSiS) Preparation, characterization and coagulation behavior.@Desalination, 224, 307-316@Yes$Moussas P.A. and Zouboulis A.I. (2008).@A study on the properties and coagulation behavior of modified inorganic polymeric coagulant Polyferric silicate sulphate (PFSiS).@Separation and Purification Technology, 63, 475–483.@Yes$Soraya Mohejeri and Hamidi Abdul Aziz (2010).@Statistical optimization of process parameter for landfill leachate treatment using electron Fenton technique.@Journal of Hazardous material, 176, 749-758.@Yes$Shahin Ghafari, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohamed Hasnain Isa and Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh (2009).@Application of response surface methodology to optimize coagulation–flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 650–656.@Yes$Harfouchi H., Hank D. and Hellal A. (2016).@Response surface methodology for the elimination of humic substances from water by coagulation using powdered saddled sea bream scale as coagulant aid.@Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 99, 216–226.@Yes$Thuy khanhtrinh and limseokkang (2011).@Response surface methodological approach to optimize the coagulation flocculation process in drinking water treatment.@Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89, 1126–1135.@Yes$Cuizhen Sun, Qinyan Yue, Baoyu Gao, Baichuan Cao, Ruimin Mu and Zhibin Zhang (2012).@Synthesis and floc properties of polymeric ferric aluminumchloride–poly di methyl di allylammonium chloride coagulant in coagulating humic acid–kaolin synthetic water.@Chemical engineering Journal, 185-186, 29-34.@Yes$Rani Li, Chao He and Yanling He (2013).@Preparation and characterization of poly-silicic cation coagulant from Industrial wastes.@Desalination, 319, 85–91.@Yes$FU Ying, YU Shui-li1, YU Yan-zhen, QIU Li-ping and HUI Ban. (2007).@Reaction mode between Si and Fe and evaluation of optimal species in poly-silicic-ferric coagulant.@Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19, 678–688.@Yes
<#LINE#>Analysis of Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals Concentration from the Selected sites of Tamiraparani River, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>Divya@Sapphire M.,Sabaridasan@A.,Jesslin@G.,Edwin@Thangam P.,Soranam@R.<#LINE#>47-54<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-087.pdf<#LINE#>Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli-627412, TN, India<#LINE#>1/6/2016<#LINE#>13/7/2016<#LINE#>In this present investigation deals with the physio-chemical and heavy metals analysis from the selected study areas of river Tamiraparani, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. The water samples were collected from the Thalaianai and Cheranmadevi sites during the pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and summer. The parameters were performed with the standard methods of APHA, 2005. Water samples elements were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The parameters analyzed were Air temperature, Water temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen, Chemical oxygen demand and Biological oxygen demand. The heavy metals were found at Cheranmadevi site only but not in Thalaianai site. Most of the pollution accrued in the Cheranmadevi river due to modern wastage and anthropogenic impacts. Hence, these selected river sites polluting and aggregate outcomes are a danger to the whole environment.<#LINE#>Mishra D.D and Dara S.S. (2011).@A Textbook of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control.@9th ed., 1-536. ISBN-13 9788121908832.@Yes$Revenga C. and Y. Kura (2003).@Status and Trends of Biodiversity of Inland Water Ecosystems.@Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Technical Series no. 11.@Yes$Lakra W. S., Sarkar U.K., Kumar. R.S., Pandey A., Dubey, V.K. and Gusain O. K. (2013).@Fish diversity, habitat ecology and their conservation and management issues of a tropical River in Ganga basin, India.@Environmentalist., 30(4), 306-319, DOI 10.1007/s10669-010-9277-6.@Yes$Shivashankar P and Venkataramana GV. (2012).@Ichthyodiversity status with relation to water quality of Bhadara River, Western Ghats, Shimoga District, Karnataka.@Annals of biological research, 3(10), 4893-4903.@Yes$Kumar N. (1997).@A View on Freshwater environment@. Ecol. Env & Cons. 3, 3-4.@Yes$Moore P.D., Daniel T.C., Gilmour J.T., Shereve B. R., Edward, D.R. and Wood, B.H. (1998).@Decreasing Metal Runoff from Poultry Litter with Aluminium Sulfate.@J. Env. Qual. 27, 92-99.@Yes$Casciano D. A. (1991).@Introduction: historical perspectives of genetic toxicology.@Li, A.P. & R.H. Heflich) Genetic Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 1–12.@Yes$Nussey G. (1998).@Metal Ecotoxicology of the Upper Olifants river at selected localities and the effect of copper and zinc on fish blood physiology.@Ph.D- thesis, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa.@Yes$Tulasi S.J., Reddy P.U.M and Ramano Rao J.V. (1989).@Effects of lead on the spawning potential of the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus.@Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology. 43:858-863.@Yes$Rishi K.K and Jain M. (1998).@Effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae).@Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology., 60, 323-328.@Yes$Winkler L.W. (1988).@Die Bestimmung des in Wasser gelosten Sauerstoffen.@Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 21, 2843-2855.@Yes$APHA (2005).@Standard methods for the examination of water-and-wastewater.@21th Edn., APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, D.C.@Yes$Basavaraja D., Narayana J., Kiran B.R. and Puttaiah E.T. (2014).@Fish diversity and abundance in relation to water quality of Anjanapura reservoir, Karnataka, India.@Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 3(3), 747-757.@Yes$Bristi Dutta, Debojit Baruah and Biswas S.P. (2016).@Water quality assessment of River Dikhow, Assam, India Using biological water quality criteria.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 5(5), 12-17.@No$Sujata Sen Mrinal Kanti Paul and Madhab Borah (2011).@Study of some physico-chemical parameters of pond and river water with reference to correlation study.@International journal of chem. Tech research, CODEN (USA): IJCRGG. 3(4), 1802-1807.@Yes$Sabaridasan A., Palanikani R. and Soranam R. (2015).@Efficacy of certain Compounds in Controlling major Fish pathogens and Physio-chemical Parameter analysis from two ponds at Alwarkurichi village, Tirunelveli district in Tamilnadu, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 4(2), 32-36.@No$Senthamil selvan K., Palanivel M., Jayakumar R and Sherly Jennifer A. (2016).@Environmental Impact Analysis of Physico chemical Characterization of Landfill leachate from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dump yard in Dharapuram Town, Tamil Nadu, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 5(1), 13-20.@No$Wetzel R.G. (1975).@W.B. Limnology.@Sundersa Co., Philadelphia. USA, 743.@Yes$Penn M.R., Pauer J.J and Mihelcic J.R. (2015).@Biological Oxygen Demand.@Environmental and Ecological Chemistry, 2.@Yes$Praveen Tamot, Rajeev Mishra and Somdutt. (2008).@Water Quality Monitoring of Halali Reservoir with Reference to Cage Aquaculture as a Modern Tool for Obtaining Enhanced Fish Production.@Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhayala, Bhopal, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Powerkheda, Hoshangabad.@No$Tamot P. and Bhatnagar G. P. (1989).@Studies on raw water quality of upper lake and its change during various stages of treatment at five M.G.D. Water treatment plant (P.H.E.D) Bhopal (M.P).@J Hydrobiology, 5(1), 35-38.@Yes$Hannan H.H., Barrows Fuchs, B.B. Segura, R.D. and Whitenberg, D.C. (1978).@Limnological operational factors affecting water quality in Canyon Reservoir, Texas.@Environmental Effects of Hydraulic Engineering works, E.E. Driver and W.O. Wunderlich (eds.), Tenn. Valley Authority, Norris, Tennesse., 39-48.@Yes$Tamot P. Shrivastava P. Khate S. Gupta R. and Roy S. (1990).@Ind Zoospect.@2, 21-26.@No$Zutshi D.P., Subla B.A., Khan M.A., and Wanganeo A. (1980).@Comparative limnology of nine lakes of Jammu and Kashmir Himalayas.@Hydrobiologia, 72, 101-112.@Yes$Taylor E. W. (1949).@Thresh Beale and suckling’s. The examination of waters and water supplies.@6th edition, Blakiston San and Co. London.@Yes$Moyle J.B. (1949).@Some indices of lake productivity.@Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 76, 322-334.@Yes$Heyman U. (1983).@Relation between production and biomass of phytoplankton in four Swedish lakes of different trophic status and humic content.@Arch. Hybiol., 114, 321-347.@Yes$Alam M. G. M., Tanaka A., Allinson G., Laurenson L. J. B., Stagnitti F. and Snow E. T. (2002).@A comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety., 53, 348.@Yes$Schwartz J. (1994).@Air pollution and daily mortality: A review and metal - analysis.@Environ. Res., 64, 26-35.@Yes$James W.M. (1991).@Inorganic contaminations of surface water: Research and monitoring properties.@Springer-Veralag., New York, 334.@Yes$Manjesh Kumar., Shwetabh Chandra Subhash and Mithlesh Kumar Jha. (2016).@Heavy metals concentration Assessment in Ground water and General public Health aspects around Granite mining sites of Laxman pura, U.P., Jhansi, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 5(1), 1-6.@No$Zuane J. D. (1990).@Hand Book of Drinking Water Quality.@Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 47-151.@Yes$Manivel T., Mukesh M.V., Chandrasekaran A., Muthukumarasamy R and Rajmohan R. (2016).@Geochemical Distribution of Trace Metals in Water of Lower Gadilam River, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 5(4): 33-41.@No$Forstner U. and Wittmann G. T. W.  (1983).@Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment.@Springer - Verlag, New York, 18.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Purview of Public Solid Waste Collection, Disposal and Management Practices in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria<#LINE#>Udoh@I.B.,Inyang@S.A.<#LINE#>55-63<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo. Uyo, Nigeria@Minsitry of Land, Housing and Survey, Giginya Secretariat, Sokoto State, Nigeria<#LINE#>17/2/2016<#LINE#>19/6/2016<#LINE#>Recent global awareness in environmental monitoring, protection and management raises strings of probes into human practices and influence on the environment. The inquisition into the methods and practice of waste disposal raises much questions among environmental scientist, and analyst, hence the need for this presentation. Analysis of the practice in Akwa Ibom State and its impact was undertaken in a bid to assessing the existing system and proposing enhancement of the system. The collection of spatial data for the waste collection and disposal sites were obtained from field and social survey. Existing solid waste records from the Akwa Ibom State Waste Management Agency was used as ancillary and base data.<#LINE#>Danbuzu L., Tanko A., Ibrahim U. and Ahmed M., (2014).@Spatial Distribution of Solid Waste Collection Points Using GIS Approach in Urban Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.@American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 3(7), 107-116.@Yes$Benedine A., Robert T. and Abbas I. (2011).@The Impact of Spatial Distribution of Solid Waste Dumps on Infrastructure in Samara, Zaria, Kaduna State, Kaduna State, Nigeria using geographic information systems (GIS).@Research Journal of Information Technology, 3(3), 113-117.@Yes$Ebistu T. and Minale A. (2013).@Solid Waste Dumping Site Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing for Bahir Dar Town, North Western Ethiopia.@African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(11), 976-989.@Yes$Northern Territory Environment Protection Authority (NTEPA), (2003).@Guidelines for the Siting, Design and Management of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in the Northern Territory.@http://www.ntepa.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0020/136460/siting_design_landfills.pdf. Accessed on 11/21/2015.@Yes$Ojiabor A.D. (2014).@EHS 317: Solid Waste Management, Lecture Material of School of Science and Technology.@National Open University of Nigeria, 108 -298 .@No$Lang P. (2015).@Solid Waste Management; Lecture Note University of Melbourne.@http://epget.bme.hu/en/ component/phocadownload/category/35-ag04?download= 172:swm-lecture-notes Accessed on 11/14/2015.@No$Encyclopædia Britannica (2015).@Solid Waste Management.@Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. http://www. britannica.com/technology/refuse-disposal-system, Accessed on 11/25/2015.@No$Ogwueleka T. (2009).@Municipal Solid Waste characteristics and Management in Nigeria.@Iran Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering, 6(3), 173-180.@Yes$Abdulai H., Rafaat H., Bevilacqua E. and Storrings M. (2015).@GIS Based Mapping and Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Wa, Ghana.@Journal of Geographic Information System, 7, 85-94.@Yes$Duncan M. (2008).@Application of GIS in Waste Management in Uyo Metropolis.@Unpublished B.Sc Project submitted to the Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, University of Uyo, Uyo.@No$Huang J.Y.C. (2009).@Solid Waste Disposal.@Microsoft® Encarta® (DVD). Redmond, WA, Microsoft Corporation.@Yes$Inyang E. (2012).@Problems and Prospects of Waste Disposal in Port-Harcourt Metropolis.@https://plus. google.com/109436354581301029380, Accessed on 10/01/2016.@No$Bartl A. (2014).@Moving from recycling to waste prevention: A review of barriers and enables.@Waste Management & Research,  32(9) Supplement, 3-18 wmr.sagepub.com.@No$Babalola A., Ishaku H., Busu I. and Majid M. (2010).@The Practice and Challenges of Solid Waste Management in Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria.@Journal of Environmental Protection, 1, 384-388@Yes$Inyang S.A. (2015).@Application of GIS in Solid Waste Management in Uyo Metropolis.@Unpublished B.Sc Project of Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, University of Uyo, Uyo.@No$Uwadiegwu B.O. and Chukwu K.E. (2013).@Strategies for Effective Urban Solid Waste Management in Nigeria.@European Scientific Journal, 9(8), 296-308@Yes$AKSEPWA (2015).@Akwa Ibom State Environmental Protection and Waste Management Agency (AKSEPWA) Report.@AKSEPWA, Uyo.@No
<#LINE#>Community based Protection Oriented Eco-Tourism: A Tool for Conservation of Tigers in Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India<#LINE#>Padma@Mahanti,Smita@Mishra Panda,Bivash@Pandav <#LINE#>64-69<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-070.pdf<#LINE#>School of Management, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India@School of Management, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India@Department of Endangered Species Management, Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun, India<#LINE#>11/5/2016<#LINE#>29/6/2016<#LINE#>Ecotourism is referred to travels in exotic natural environment which is intended to support the local communities and conservation efforts. So community based ecotourism rests on the basic tenets of being ecologically sustainable, economically viable, socially acceptable, within the frame work of the prevailing rules and laws. Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR) is unique with its diverse flora, fauna, endemism and landscapes which make it a Hot Spot for tourism. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop the community based protection oriented ecotourism (CBPOET) for the conservation of Tigers in PTR.  In PTR, each CBPOET has evolved out of necessity to address to certain conservation or livelihood issues. Thus, it is a tool to turn “threats” into “opportunity”. It was observed that the CBPOET resulted in enhanced protection of the study area, helped local communities to earn subsistence and supplementary livelihood, enhanced visitors satisfaction and disseminated conservation values, thus raising voices for conservation.  The present study highlights the importance of community based protection oriented ecotourism in the conservation of tiger as well as livelihood of local communities.<#LINE#>Rutten M. (2002).@Parks beyond parks: genuine community-based wildlife eco-tourism or just another loss of land for Maasai pastoralists in Kenya.@Int. Inst. Env. Devep., 111.@Yes$Belsky J.M. (1999).@Misrepresenting communities: The politics of community-based rural ecotourism in Gales pont manatee, Belize.@Rural Socio., 64(4), 600-623.@Yes$Ngece K. (2002).@Community based ecotourism: What can the people of East Africa learn from success stories elsewhere.@East Afr. Ecot. Devep. Cons., 1-20.@Yes$Campbell L.	 (1999).@Ecotourism in rural developing communities.@Annal. Tourism Res., 26, 534-553.@Yes$Shukla R.R. and Babu N.V.T. (2013).@Tiger conservation plan, core and buffer.@Periyar Tiger Reserve and Periyar Tiger Foundation, Kerala, 1-215.@No$India Ecodevelopment Project Report (2003).@Building social capital for conservation.@Periyar Tiger Reserve, 1-200.@No$Verma et al. (2015).@Economic valuation of Tiger Reserves in India: A value + Approach.@Centre for Ecological Services Management, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, 85-106.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Global Warming Effects on Water Resources: An Overview<#LINE#>Sinha@Aparna,Gupta@Arnav,Kumar@Sanjeev <#LINE#>70-74<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-058.pdf<#LINE#>Civil Engg. Deptt., GEU, Dehradun, UK, India@Civil Engg. Deptt., GEU, Dehradun, UK, India@Civil Engg. Deptt., GEU, Dehradun, UK, India<#LINE#>7/4/2016<#LINE#>4/6/2016<#LINE#>Water resources are highly responsive to climate variation in all time and space scales. During the last century, the global runoff is increased by about 3%. The amount of various greenhouse gases has been enlarging over the time. The accumulation of greenhouse gases is causing increase in global warming effects. After 1950, a number of ascertained alterations are new over tenner to millennium1 .The ill-effects on nature can be observed as ocean and atmosphere are getting warmer, the quantity of ice and snow are melting and the sea level is raised up. From the last 30 years there has been consecutively heater atmosphere in the Earth’s surface with respect to any decade since 1850. In northern hemisphere the 30 year duration between 1983-2012 was found to be the most heater period. Over the period 1880-2012, a warming of about 0.85[0.65-1.06] °C in temperature data of land and ocean surface averaged globally is calculated. It is the complete extent of scientific practices all together, like meteorology, geology and oceanography, but no one knows the real effects for specified parts in the world. Even every scientist agrees global warming will have plenty ill effects on earth and i.e. on the climate and water resources.<#LINE#>Pachauri R.K. and Meyer L.A. (2014).@Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.@IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151.@Yes$Novaky B. (2013).@Effect of Global Warming on Water Resource and Supplies.@Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Climate Change, Human Systems and Policy-1.@Yes$Field C.B., Barros V.R., Dokken D.J., Mach K.J., Mastrandrea M.D., Bilir T.E., Chatterjee M., Ebi K.L., Estrada Y.O., Genova R.C., Girma B., Kissel E.S., Levy A.N., MacCracken S., Mastrandrea P.R. and White L.L. (2014).@Linking climate change and water resources: impacts and responses. Summary for policymakers.@In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Section 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33-52.@No$Kumar S., Himanshu S.K. and Gupta K.K. (2012).@Effect of Global Warming on Mankind - A Review.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(4), 56-59.@Yes$Wikipedia (2015).@Climate change mitigation.@https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation.@No$Richard M. Adams and Dannele E Peck (2008).@Effects of climate change on water resource.@Choices, The magazine of food, farm, and resource issues, http://www.climatehotmap.org/, 23(1), 12-14.@Yes$Union of Concerned Scientists, (2011).@Global Warming Effects around the World.@National Headquarters2 Brattle Square, Cambridge, MA 02138-3780.@No$Edenhofer O., R. Pichs-Madruga Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. kemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J. C. Minx (2014).@Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change.@Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1251–1274.@Yes$Hansen J., Ruedy R., Sato M. and Lo, K. (2010).@Global Surface Temperature Change.@Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, doi: 10.1029/2010RG000345.@Yes$GRACE Communications Foundation, (2015).@The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources.@http://www.gracelinks.org/2380/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-water-resources, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.@No$United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1998).@Status of ratification [Electronic resource].@Kyoto Protocol: Status of Ratification, http://unfccc.int/kyoto_ protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Qualitative Analysis of Pond Water after Immersions of Margasira Thrusday’s Worship Wastes: A Case Study of Berhampur City, India<#LINE#>Adhikary@S.P.<#LINE#>75-79<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-057.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Aska Science College, Aska-761111, Dist. Ganjam, Odisha, India<#LINE#>4/4/2016<#LINE#>12/5/2016<#LINE#>Water is of high significance in all world religion: it is often associated as being the residence of gods, ghosts and other powers; it is often even admired as a holly force. In many religions and mythological narrations about the genesis of world, water symbolizes the state of creation or even basic source for all living beings. Since civilization is established human beings are closely associated with religion, customs, rituals and water bodies like pond, rivers, lakes and etc. The pious rivers and ponds are worshiped right from the time any person takes birth to its death, the entire rituals and ceremonies are associated with these water bodies. In Odisha, people are celebrating many festivals and worship to different god and goddess during whole year. Out of many, Margashira Thursday’s are very auspicious occasion to worship to Maa Mahalaxmi for wealth and health of the family. During worship different materials are offered and used for mental satisfaction and sanctity of festival. The psychology of people is that to immerse all worship materials into water bodies, thou, these are already offered. Berhampur city is an urban area, so waste worship materials were kept in the polythene bag and thrown into water bodies. Enclosed waste materials do not decompose properly and creating filthy and unhygienic condition and changed the quality of water bodies. Basing on the above fact, the present investigation was carried out to study the water quality of different pond present in Berhampur city. The following parameters were analyzed to access the quality of pond water: DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, TS, Total hardness, pH and conductivity. The finding indicated that pH become acidic condition, DO level decreased and all other parameters level were increased in all pond water of the Berhmpur city. In compared with standard value of WHO and BIS the pond water of Berhampur city exhibited poor quality due to immersion of worship waste material generated during religious occasion of Margashira Thursday’s.<#LINE#>Vyas A. and Bajpai A. (2007).@Water quality survey and moitoring study of idol immersion in context of lower lake, Bhopal, India.@Proceedings of TAAL the 12 th World Lake Conference, pp 1818-1821.@Yes$Mehta P. (2013).@Alternation in water quality parameters and consequential impacts due to festival waste in Jodhapur.@The Experiment, 17(1), 1166-1176.@Yes$Upadhyay K., Mishra P. and Gupta A.K. (2010).@Studies on the physic-chemical status of two ponds at Varanasi and Bhadohi under biotic stress.@Plant archives, 10(2), 691-693.@Yes$Pal A., Sinha D.C. and Rastogi N. (2012).@Two effective insect bioindicators to monitor in some tropical fresh water ponds under anthropogenic stress.@Hindawi publishing corporation psyche, Res. Article, ID 818490, 1-10.@Yes$Gupta A.K., Mishra K., Pramod Kumar, Singh C.S. and Srivastava S. (2011).@Impact of religious activities on the water characterstics of prominent ponds at varanashi (UP), India.@Plant Archives, 11(1), 297-300.@Yes$Chaturvedi V. and Kumar A. (2011).@Diversity of culturable sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) degrading bacteria isolated from detergent contaminated ponds situated in Varanasi city, India.@Intel. Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 65, 961-971.@Yes$Arya S., Kumar V., Raikwa M., Dhaka A and Minakshi (2011).@Physico-chemical analysis of selected surface water samples of laxmi tal (Pond) in Jhansi city, UP, Bundelkhand Region, Central India.@J. Exp. Sci., 2(8), 1-6.@Yes$Bajpai A., Pani S., Jain R.K. and Mishra S.M. (2003).@Heavy metal concentration through idol immersion in a tropical lake.@Eco. Env. and conservation, 8(2),157-159.@Yes$Dhote S. and Dixit S. (2011).@Hydro-chemical changes in two eutrophic lakes of central india after immersion of Durga and Ganesh idol.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,  1(1),38-45.@Yes$WHO (1993).@Guidelines of drinking water quality set up in Geneva in the International reference point for standard setting and drinking water safety.@WHO’s drinking water standards.@No$BIS (1991).@Specifications for drinking water.@IS: 10:500, Bureau of Indian standards, NewDelhi.@No$APHA (2005).@Standard methods for examination of water and waste water.@American public health association, Washington, D.C., 21 st Edition.@Yes$Jhadav S.B., Chauhan N.S. and Gokhale M.V. (2009).@Effect of ritual activities on the ltntic water resource of JOtiba (Wadi-ratangiri), Kolhapur Disrtict, Maharastra.@Eco. Env. and cons.,15(1), 71-75.@Yes$Ujjania N.C. and Multani A. (2011).@Quality of Tapti river, Surat (Gujarat), India.@Research Journal of Biology, 1(1), 11-15.@No$Bajpai N., Sikka J. and Sharma R. (2012).@Effect Khan river water on chlorophyll content, carotenoids and enzyme activitie of Ipomoea fistulosa and polygonum barbatum.@Nature Environ. And Pollution Tech., 11(2), 319-323.@Yes$Rao P.S. and Rao K.S. (1986).@Pollution due to pilgrim bathing during kumbha Mela in kshipra river (Ujjain).@Journal Hydrobiology, Vol. 2(4):47-55.@Yes$Kaur B.J., George M.P. and Mishra S. (2013).@Water quality assessment of river Yamuna in Delhi stretch during Idol immersion.@International journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 2122-2130.@Yes$Mishra S., Singh A.L. and Tiwary D. (2014).@Studies of physic-chemical status of the ponds at Varanasi holy city under anthropogenic influences.@International J. Environ. Research Dev., 4(3), 261-268.@Yes$Watkar A.M. and Barbate M.P. (2014).@Impact of idol immersion on water quality of kolar River in saoner, Dist. Nagpur, India.@International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(3), 39-42.@Yes$Patil D.S. (2003).@Ecological studies in some lentic water bodies of Kolhapur city.@Ph.D. Thesis, Shivaji Universitry, Kolhapur.@Yes$Malik G.M., Raval V.H., Zadafiya S.K. and Patel A.V. (2012).@Idol immersion and physic-chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers, India.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(3), 21-25.@Yes$Tiwari S. (2015).@Water Quality parameters-A review.@International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research and Development, 1(9), 320-324.@Yes$Dubey R.S. and Dubey A.R. (2015).@Effect of idol immersion on anthropogenic influenced ritual pond water quality at holy city Varanasi.@International Journal of Engineering science and Research technology, 4(12), 656-665.@Yes$Devi O.J. and Begali S.L. (2005).@Water quality assessment from different district of southern Karnataka.@Nat. Env. and Poll. Tech., 4(4), 589-596.@Yes$Malik G.M., Raval V.H., Zadafiya S.K. and Patel A.V. (2010).@Idol immersion and physic-chemical properties of South Gujarat rivers, India.@Current World Environment, 5(1), 173-176.@Yes$Rasool Syeda, Harakishore K., Msatyakala and   Murty S.N.U. (2003).@Studies on the physico-chemical analysis of Rankala Lake, Kolhapur.@Indian J. Environ. Prot., 23, 961-963.@Yes$Mc Coy, W.F. and Olson, B.H. (1986).@Relationship among turbidity particle count and bacteriological quantity with in water distribution lines.@Water Research, 20 (8), 1023-1029.@Yes