@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Urbanization on Nest building behavior of Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789<#LINE#>Tripathi@Anil<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-013.pdf<#LINE#>Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Manikya Lal Verma Government College Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>5/2/2016<#LINE#>21/5/2016<#LINE#>The process of urbanization has varied impacts on inhabiting population of birds because of habitat fragmentation and availability of nest building material being used. In this study the nest building behavior of Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 was monitored from nest site selection to chick being fledged. Urbanization changes original habitat and reduce available areas for breeding and other related activities like nest site selection and choice of nest building material. This leads to use of unusual nest material and increase the nestling mortality.<#LINE#>Gaston K.J., Smith R.M., Thompson K. and Warren P.H. (2005).@Urban domestic gardens (II): experimental tests of methods for increasing biodiversity.@Biodiversity and Conservation,14, 395–413.@Yes$Kristan W.B. and Boarman W.I. (2007).@Effects of anthropogenic developments on common raven nesting biology in the West Mojave Desert.@Ecological Applications, 17, 1703-1713.@Yes$Ali A.M.S, Asokan S., Manikannan R. and Radhakrishnan P. (2011).@Checklist and nesting patterns of avifauna in and around Mayiladuthurai region, Tamil Nadu, India.@Journal of threatened taxa, 3(6), 1842–1850.@Yes$Dial K.P. (2003).@Evolution of avian locomotion: correlates of flight style, locomotors modules, nesting biology, body size, development and the origin of flapping flight.@The Auk, 120(4), 941– 952.@Yes$Fernandez-Juricic E. (2000).@Bird community composition patterns in urban parks of Madrid: the role of age, size and isolation.@Ecological research, 15, 373-383.@Yes$Kenny S. P. and Knight R.L. (1992).@Flight distances of black-billed magpies in different regimes of human density and persecution.@The Condor,  94, 545-547.@Yes$Wang W.P., Chen S.H., Jiang P.P. and Ding P., (2008).@Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) adjust nest characteristics to adapt to urbanization in Hangzhou, China.@Can. J. Zool., 86, 676–684.@Yes$Cooper and Blumstein D.T. (2015).@Sensory systems and escape behavior.@Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 323- 342.@Yes$Partecke J, Schwabl I. and Gwinner E. (2006).@Stress and the city: Urbanization and its effects on the stress physiology in European blackbirds.@Ecology, 87, 1945-1952.@Yes$Marzluff J.M. (2001).@Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds.@Avian ecology in an urbanizing world,  Springer, 19-47.@Yes$Marzluff J.M., Bowman R., Donnelly R. (Eds.), (2001).@Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World.@Springer.@Yes$Chace J.F. and Walsh J.J. (2006).@Urban effects on native avifauna: A review.@Landscape Urban Plan., 74, 46–69.@Yes$Ali S. (2002).@The Book of Indian Birds.@Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 326.@Yes$Donnelly R. (2002).@Design of habitat reserves and settlement for bird conservation in the Seattle metropolitan area.@Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.@Yes$Donnelly R. and Marzluff J.M. (2004).@Importance of reserve size and landscape context to urban bird conservation.@Conservation Biology, 18, 733–745.@Yes$Sengupta S. (1982).@Studies in the life history of the Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis.@Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta., 21, 1-27.@No$Dhandhukia and Patel (2012).@Selection of nesting sites and nesting material in common myna (Acridotheres tristis) in an arban area.@Int. Journ of Pharma and life Science, 3(8), 1897-1904.@No$Shuker KPN. (2001).@The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature.@Marshall Editions Ltd., London, 240.@Yes$Wimberger P.H. (1984).@The use of green plant material in bird nests to avoid ectoparasites.@The Auk, 101, 615-618.@Yes$Clark L. and Mason J.R. (1985).@Use of nesting material as insecticidal and antipathogenic agents by the European Starling.@Oecologia, 67, 169-176.@Yes$Joshi A.K. and Bhatnagar C. (2015).@The diversity and distribution of birds in a moderately developed urban habitat at gulabpura, Rajasthan, India.@International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(12), 82-92.@No$Kalsi R.S. and Kalsi R. (1992).@Unusual nesting behavior in the Domestic Pigeon Columba livia Gmelin.@J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 89, 253-254.@No$Soniya V.P. (2002).@Unusual nesting material in the nest of Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Gmelin.@J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 99(3), 527.@No
<#LINE#>Groundwater Quality Analysis for Drinking purpose Using GIS of Chevella Sub basin, Rangareddy District, Telangana State, India<#LINE#>Penumaka@Ramesh,Boddu@Umamaheswara Rao ,Podila@Sankara Pitchaiah <#LINE#>6-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-020.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology, Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India@Department of Geology, Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India@Department of Geology, Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>15/2/2016<#LINE#>11/5/2016<#LINE#>About 24 water samples representing 24 villages covering 180 sq km have been collected for assessing suitability for drinking and spatial distribution which leads to enhance the knowledge of the hydro chemical system in the Chevella sub basin. Three physical constituents such as pH, TH, and TDS; consecutively in pre monsoon minimum is 7.1, 216 and 509 milligrams per liter and maximum is 8.3, 459 and 1082 milligrams per liter respectively; and maximum physical properties constituted as 8.2, 353 and 877 milligrams per liter while minimum constituted such as 7.1, 222 and 407 milligrams per liter respectively in post monsoon. Concentration of sodium in pre monsoon falls in between 63 milligrams per liter as minimum and 134 milligrams per liter as maximum. In post monsoon it varies from 56 milligrams per liter to 121 milligrams per liter. Maximum Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, Chloride, Sulfates, Bi-carbonates Carbonates and Nitrates is per liter, 159.3 milligrams per liter, 0.1 milligrams per liter, 3.6 milligrams per liter respectively where as maximum constituted as 52 milligrams per liter, 121 milligrams per liter, 0.5 milligrams per liter, 1.3 milligrams per liter, 175.2 milligrams per liter, 93.5 milligrams per liter, 338.4 milligrams per liter, 1.1 milligrams per liter, 19.8 milligrams per liter respectively in post monsoon. In pre monsoon maximum Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, Chloride, Sulfates, Bi-carbonates Carbonates and Nitrates is constituted as 68 milligrams per liter, 99 milligrams per liter, 0.6 milligrams per liter, 1.4 milligrams per liter, 202 milligrams per liter, 70 milligrams per liter, 175 milligrams per liter, 2.4 milligrams per liter, 20.8 milligrams per liter respectively.<#LINE#>David Kaith Todd (1995).@Groundwater Hydrogeology.@second edition, John Wiley, ISBN 9971-51-173-8@Yes$Penumaka Ramesh, Srinu Naik and P Sankara Pitchaiah (2014).@Groundwater development in Chevella basin, Ranga reddy district, Andhara Pradesh, India.@International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, 13(2).@Yes$Shah S.M. and Mistry N.J. (2013).@Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for an Agriculture use in, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2(11), 1-5@No$A. Narsimha, et al, (2012).@Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Purpose around Chityal Area, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India.@Water Research & Development, 2(3), 68-75@Yes$Deshpande S.M. and Aher K.R. (2012).@Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(1), 25-31@Yes$M. Prakash and Y.Guruprasad (2014).@Study on Hydrochemical Studies in Nellore district.@International Journal of Scientific Research and Education, 2(3), 368-386@Yes$S.K. Nag and Shreya Das (2014).@Groundwater quality for irrigation and domestic purposes – a GIS based case study of Suri I and II blocks, Birbhum district, West Bengal, India.@International Journal of Advancement in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2(1), 25-38@Yes$Chadetrik Rout and Arabinda Sharma (2011).@Assessment of drinking water quality: A case study of Ambala cantonment area, Haryana, India.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(2)@Yes$M.S. Islam and S. Z. K. M. Shamsad (2009).@Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra district in Bangladesh.@Bangladesh J. Agril. Res., 34(4), 597-608, December 2009.@Yes$Godbole Mahendra T. and Patode H.S.@Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural use in and around Hingoli Region, Maharashtra, India.@American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences.@No$Priya Kanwar and Pragya Khanna (2014).@Appraisal of ground water quality for irrigation in outer plains of kathua district, J&K, India.@International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 4(3) September-December, 74-80@No$K. Srinivasa Reddy (2013).@Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation of Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed, Nalgonda District, India.@International National Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,  5(7), 418-425.@Yes$M.R. El.Tahlawi, M.A. Mohamed, G.Y. Boghdadi, R.E. Rabeiy and H.A. Saleem (2014).@Groundwater Quality Assessment to Estimate its Suitability for Different Uses in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.@International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 3(5).@Yes$T. Subramani et al (2005).@Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin.@Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Geol, 47, 1099–1110@Yes$Raihan F. and J.B. Alam (2008).@Assessment of groundwater quality in Sunamganj of Bangladesh.@j. environ. Health. sci. eng., 5(3), 155-166@Yes$Sisir Kanti Nag and Anindita Lahiri (2012).@Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in Dwarakeswar sub basin area, India.@American Journal of Climate change, 1, 217-230@Yes$Balachandar D. Sundararaj P., Rutharvel Murthy K. and Kumaraswamy K. (2010).@An Investigation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability to Irrigated Agriculture in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India - A GIS Approach.@International Journal of Jnvironmental Sciences, 1(2)@Yes$Sadashivaiah C.R., Ramakrishnaiah and G. Ranganna (2008).@Hydrochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India.@International Journal of Environmental Research on Public Health, 5(3), 158-164@Yes$Sultan Singh, Prem Singh, Rajesh Kumar and Sunita Saharan (2012).@Groundwater Quality Analysis of Safidon and Julana Blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India.@Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 4, 39-47.@Yes$Yogesh Patel and Dr. G.P. Vadodaria (2015).@Hydro-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation of Mehsana District, Gujarat State, India.@International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(2).@Yes$Narsimha A., Geetha S., Sudarshan. V, Swathi P. and Srinivasulu. P (2012).@Physico-chemical analysis of drinking water quality in Hanamkonda area, Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh, India.@Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(9), 4255-4259@Yes$Shah S.M. and Mistry N.J. (2013).@Groundwater Quality Assessment for Irrigation Use in Vadodara District, Gujarat, India, , World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.@International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering, 7(7).@Yes$Tripathi C.N. and Bhawna Thawkar (2013).@Ground Water Quality Assessment for Agricultural and Domestic Purposes in Hindustan College of Science and Technology Campus Farah Mathura, India.@International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2(4).@Yes$Obiefuna G.I. and Sheriff A. (2011).@Assessment of Shallow Ground Water Quality of Pindiga Gombe Area, Yola Area, NE, Nigeria for Irrigation and Domestic Purposes.@Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(2), 131-141.@Yes
<#LINE#>Environmental Awareness and Practice among Undergraduate girl Student of Purulia District, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Mandal@Animesh,Mondal@Rajendra Prasad <#LINE#>14-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-021.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Purulia Nistarini College, Purulia, West Bengal, India@Department of Zoology, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>15/2/2016<#LINE#>28/5/2016<#LINE#>This paper mainly focused to understand the environmental awareness related to global and local environmental problem, health hazards, idea about environmental laws, among undergraduate girl students. The survey was conducted on 122 rural and urban undergraduate girl student randomly selected from different stream and class in the district of Purulia, West Bengal, India. The study is questionnaire in nature. The study is also  design to know girl students environmental practices with regard to the preference of types of cosmetics uses,  plastic bags,  its uses and  disposal, alternative uses against  plastic bags  and their participation in various environment related   awareness programmes. For successful implementation of environment protection strategy, community especially women’s participation is much more needed. For this purpose a holistic understanding of the current status of environmental awareness and practice among undergraduate girl student of  Purulia  district is evaluated.<#LINE#>Kumar S. (2013).@Environmental Awareness among Rural Folks of Hamirpur District, H.P.@The International Journal of Engineering  And Science., 2(1), 81-84.@Yes$Seema (1997).@A survey of awareness of college students regarding environment pollution.@Ph. D Dissertation, B.H.U, Varanasi, India.@No$Abharam M.  and Arjunan N.K. (2005).@Environmental interest of secondary school students in relation to their environmental attitude.@Perspective in Education., 21(2), 100-110.@Yes$Nagra V. and Dhillon J.S. (2006).@Environmental education awareness among secondary school teachers.@Perspective in Education., 22 (3 ), 186-191.@Yes$Joseph L.A., Victoria E.A., Campbell A.B. and Louie R. (2004).@Teaching students to make better decisions about the environment: lessons from the decision sciences.@Journal of Environmental Education., 36(1), 33–44.@Yes$Dolui G., Chatterjee S. and Das C. N. (2014).@Weathering and Mineralogical Alteration of Granitic Rocks in Southern Purulia District, West Bengal, India.@International Research Journal of Earth Sciences., 2(4), 1-12.@No$Gupta B. and Sharma S. (2014).@Awareness, Attitude and Practices towards Environment among Women in the Rural Areas of Rajouri (J&K).@Indian Journal of Applied Research., 4(2), 36-38.@No$Sharma N.K. (2014).@A Study on Environmental Awareness Of College Students In Relation To Sex, Rural- Urban Background And Academic Streams Wise.@Tojned the online journal of New Horizons in Education., 4(2),15-20.@Yes$Mondal B.C. and Mete J.A. (2010).@Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness among Secondary School Students in Relation to Gender and Residential Background.@Sikshachintan., 4 ,17-21.@Yes$Sengupta M., Das J. and Maji P. K. (2010).@Environmental Awareness and Environment Related Behaviour of Twelfth Grade Students in Kolkata: Effects of Stream and Gender.@Anwesa., 5, 1–8.@Yes$Shobeiri S.M., Omidvar B. and Prahallada N.N. (2007).@A Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness among Secondary School Students in Iran and India.@International Journal of Environmental Research, 1(1),  28-34.@Yes$Kumar A.J. (2012).@A study on assessment of environmental awareness among teacher trainees in teacher training institutes.@International Journal of Research in Social Sciences., 2(3), 312-321.@Yes$Pillai S.K.P. (2012).@A Study of Environmental Awareness of B.Ed. trainees in Cuddalore District.@Indian Streams Research Journal., 2(10), 1-4.@No$Kapoor N. (2011).@Role of mass media in promotion of environmental awareness along with skill development  among the rural people of Shringverpur, Allahabad district, India.@International Conference on Chemical,  Biological and Environment Sciences., 264-268.@Yes$Mondal R.P., Pati S., Sarkar S., Gayen A., Guin P. and Mishra T. (2015).@General awareness and Perceptions about Sacred Groves and Biodiversity Conservation in Urban people of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences., 4(2), 16-21.@No$Sivamoorthy M., Nalini R. and Kumar C.S. (2013).@Environmental Awareness and Practices among College Students.@International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention., 2(8), 11-15.@Yes
<#LINE#>Awareness and Exposure to Generator Noise Pollution in Nigeria<#LINE#>Godfrey@Ekata <#LINE#>19-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-031.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria<#LINE#>23/2/2016<#LINE#>12/5/2016<#LINE#>The acute shortage of electricity in Nigeria has led to indiscriminate, unregulated, and prolong use of generators for electricity by her citizens, which contributes to noise pollution in the country. Although the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) has been charged with the responsibility to control noise pollution, many Nigerians fear the agency is ineffective. In this study, Nigerians in five cities were surveyed. The results of the survey confirm their fears and show that a majority of Nigerians are not aware of NESREA existence and its responsibilities. Similarly, an overwhelming majority of those surveyed want the Nigerian government or NESREA to be more aggressive in monitoring and controlling generator use in the country.<#LINE#>Awofeso N. (2011).@Generator diesel exhaust: a major hazard to health and the environment in Nigeria.@American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(10), p. 1437. doi: 10.1164/ajrssm.183.10.1437@Yes$BBC News (2013).@Nigeria: How noisy generators became a way of life.@Available athttp://www.bbc.com /news/world-africa-25056721@No$Azodo A. P. and Babatunde A.S. (2013).@Examination of noise pollution from generators on Obantoko residents.@Asian Journal of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, 3(1). Available at http://www.academia.edu/8073498/@Yes$Olayinka O.S. (2013).@Effective Noise Control Measures and Sustainable Development in Nigeria.@World Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1(1), 5-15. Available at http://pubs.sciepub.com/wjee/1/1/2/@Yes$Ladan M.T. (2012).@Review of NESREA Act 2007 and Regulations 2009-2011: A new dawn in environmental compliance and enforcement in Nigeria.@Law, Environment and Development Journal, 8(1), 116-140. Available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12116.pdf@No$NESREA (2012).@Functions of NESREA.@Available at http://www.nesrea.org/functions.php@No$Goodluck Ebele Jonathan (2012).@Nigeria’s path to sustainable development through green economy, Country report to the Rio+20 2012 summit.@Available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1023nigerianationalreport.pdf@No$OSHA (2013).@Occupational noise exposure.@Available at https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearingconservation/l\\\\\\\\@No$WHO (2010).@Guidelines for community noise.@Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/a68672.pdf@No$EPA (1974).@Information on levels of environmental prerequisite to protect public health and welfare with adequate margin of safety.@Available athttp://www.fican.org/pdf/EPA_Noise_Levels_Safety_1974.pdf@No$Hammer M.S., Swinburn T. K. and Neitzel R.L. (2014).@Environmental noise pollution in the United States: Developing an effective public health response.@Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(2). doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272.@Yes$Stansfeld S.A. and Matheson M.P. (2003).@Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health.@Available atBritish Medical Bulletin, 68 (1), 243-257. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldg033.  Available at http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org /content/68/1/243.full@Yes$WHO-3 (2001).@Fact sheet No 258: Occupational and Community Noise - February 2001.@Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/a68672.pdf@No$WHO-1 (1999).@Guidelines for community noise.@Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/a68672.pdf@No$WHO-2 (2014).@Noise.@Available at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/noise@No$Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette. (2009).@National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations 2009 (S.I. 288 of 2009), 67(96).@Available athttp://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig146077.pdf@No$TDI – Texas Department of Insurance. (April, 2006).@Noise and hearing protection factsheet.@Available at http://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/videoresource/fsnoise.pdf@No$Madison T.K.  (2007).@Recommended Changes to OSHA Noise Exposure Dose Calculation.@3M Job Health Highlights, 25(8), pp. 1 – 14.@Yes$Folmer R.L. and Martin W.H. (2006).@Dangerous decibels: Teaching children to prevent noise induced hearing loss and tinnitus.@Hearing Health, 22(3):14-18. Available at http://64.78.30.80/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Hearing-Health-20061.pdf.@No$US DHHS (1998).@Criteria for recommended standard.@Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/98-126/pdfs/ 98-126.pdf@No$Ana G. R. E., Luqman, Y. A., Shendell D. G., and Owoaje E. T. G. (2014).@Exposure to electric power generator noise among small scale business operators in selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.@Journal of Environmental Health. Available athttp://www.readperiodicals.com /201411/3464522381.html@Yes$Aderoju O. M., Ibrahim M., Onuoha H., Adebowale R. and Oke A. B. (2013).@Assessment of the level of noise from base transceivers’ station using geospatial techniques: In Abuja Municipal Area Council.@Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology, 7(4), p. 30-39@No$Nkeleme V. O. And Udoh B. E. (2014).@The effect of noise from power generating source on modulation of a global system of mobile telephony: A case study of MTN Communication Ltd.@International Journal of Innovative Scientific and Engineering Technologies Research, 1(1), 6-17.@No$Anomohanran O. (2013).@Evaluation of environmental noise pollution in Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria.@IJRRAS, 14 (2) www.arpapress.com/Volumes /Vol14Issue2 /IJRRAS_14_2_24.pdf@Yes$Yesufu L. A., Ana G. R. E., and Umar O. Z. (2013).@Knowledge and Perception of Noise Induced Health Hazards Associated with Generator Use in Selected Commercial Areas in Ibadan, Nigeria.@International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 5(9).@Yes$Benebo N.S. (2012).@NESREA and the Nigeria environment.@Available athttp://www.scribd.com/doc/ 105488135/NESREA-Presentation-NIMSA-Summit@No
<#LINE#>A Comparative Study of Quality Parameters of Water and Soil Samples from Automobile Workshop Areas at Kumbakonam, TN, India<#LINE#>K.@Rajasekar,L.@Palanivelan,M.@Veeracholapandiyan,K. @Vigneshwaran,S.@Narasimhavarman <#LINE#>26-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-037.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Chemistry, Meenaakshi Ramasamy Arts & Science College, MR-Kalvi Nagar, Thathanur-621 804, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Chemistry, Meenaakshi Ramasamy Arts & Science College, MR-Kalvi Nagar, Thathanur-621 804, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>1/3/2016<#LINE#>9/5/2016<#LINE#>Water and soil is the most important natural resources for human being. The water and soil may be affected due to the large growth of natural (decomposed vegetables and animals, etc.,) and anthropogenic processes (Industrial, Agricultural, Domestic, Pesticides, etc.,) in the study areas. In the present studies were assessed to compare the quality parameters of water and the corresponding soil samples collected from the automobile work shop areas at Kumbakonam. The soil and water samples were analyzed by the quality parameters viz., Temperature, pH, Total hardness (TH), Total alkalinity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS) and Dissolved oxygen (DO). The heavy metals such as Iron and Lead for the water and soil samples were also to be carried out and compare with the standards. The results indicate that all the parameters slightly deviate from the standards given by the WHO and EPA.<#LINE#>Jintao Liang, Cuicui Chen and Xiuli Song, (2011).@Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil and plat from dunhua sewage irrigation area.@Inter. J. Electrochemical. Sci., 6, 5314-5324.@Yes$Sui Hong-jian, Wu Xuan and Cui Yan-shi (2006).@Modeling heavy metal movement in soil review and further study direction.@J. Agricultural Engine., 22, 197-200.@Yes$Osundiya M. O., Ayejuyo O. O., R. A. Olowu, Bamgboye O. A. and gunlola A. O. (2014).@Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in frequently consumed leafy vegetable grown along Nigeria-Benin Seme Border, West Africa.@Advances in Applied Science Research, 5(1), 1-7.@Yes$Zhang Miao (2011).@Report to the world economy.@Sina, http://www.sina.com.cn. 2011, 21, 11, 14.@No$Annalakshmi G. and Amsath A. (2012).@An assessment of water quality of river Cauvery and its tributaries arasalar with reference to physico-chemical parameters at Tanjore Dt, Tamil Nadu.@Int. Jour. Applied Bio and Pharmaceutical Technology, 3(1), 269-279.@Yes$Eva Singovszka and Magdalena Balintova  (2014).@Application of comprehensive assessment model on heavy metal pollution in sediment.@29(11).@No$Vignesh S., Dahms HU., Emmanuel KV., Gokul MS., Muthukumar K., Kim BR. and James RA. (2014).@Physicochemical parameters aid microbial community: A case study from marine recreational beaches, Southern India.@Environ Monit and Assess, 186 (3), 1875 – 1887.@Yes$Amir H. Charkhabi, Mohamad Sakizadeh and Gholamreza Rafiee (2005).@Seasonal Fluctuation in Heavy Metal Pollution in Iran@Environ Sci & Pollut Res, 12 (5) 264 – 270.@Yes$Pourang N., Nikouyan A. and Dennis J.H. (2005).@Trace element concentrations in fish, surficial sediments and water from northern part of the Persian Gulf.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109, 293–316.@Yes$Dhanakumar S., Rutharvel Murthy K., Solaraj G. and Mohanraj R. (2013).@Heavy-Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Cauvery GW Estuarine Region, Southeastern Coast of India.@Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 65 (1), 14 – 23.@Yes$Abrahams PW (2002).@Soils: Their implications to human health.@Sci. of the Total Environ. 291, 1-32.@Yes$Adriano DC (1986).@Trace elements in the terrestrial environment.@Springer- Verlag, New York. Alloway BJ, Heavy Metals in Soils, 2nd Edn., 368.@No$Alloway B.J. (1995).@Heavy metals in soils.@2nd Edn., ISBN-0-7514-0198-6.@Yes$Alloway BJ (1995).@Cadmium.@Heavy metals in soils, 2nd Edn., pp.122-151,@No$Bozkurt S., Moreno L. and Neretnieks I. (2000).@Long-term processes in waste deposits.@Sci. Total Environ, 250(1-3), 101-12.@Yes$Roy Y. and Kumar R. A., (2002).@a study of water quality of the rivers of Ranchi district.@Ind. J. Environ. Protec, 21(5), 398-402.@Yes$Edema M.O., Omemu A.M. and Fapetu O.M. (2001).@Microbiology and Physicochemical Analysis of different sources of drinking water in Abeokuta, Nigeria.@Niger. J. Microbiol., 15(1), 57-61.@Yes
<#LINE#>Charcoal Accessibility among Households in the Rural and Urban Areas of Trans-Nzoia and West-Pokot Counties, Kenya<#LINE#>Namaswa@W.T.,Mbego@J.,Muisu@F.,Mandila@B. <#LINE#>30-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-038.pdf<#LINE#>School of Natural Resource Management, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, KENYA@School of Natural Resource Management, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, KENYA@School of Natural Resource Management, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, KENYA@School of Natural Resource and Environmental Management, University of Kabianga P.O. Box 2030-20200 Kericho, KENYA<#LINE#>1/3/2016<#LINE#>12/5/2016<#LINE#>This study determined the accessibility of charcoal among households located in the rural and urban areas of Trans-Nzoia and West-Pokot Counties. The purpose was to provide scientific data for necessary interventions like formulation of appropriate policy to enhance sustainable charcoal accessibility. The study used cross-sectional research design and multi-stage sampling technique. Stratified random sampling strategy was employed in grouping households into rural and urban households. Convenient sampling technique was used in selecting Kacheliba and Kolongolo sub-locations to represent rural areas of West-Pokot and Trans-Nzoia respectively. Purposeful sampling strategy was used in selecting Makutano and Kitale towns to represent urban areas of West-Pokot and Trans-Nzoia correspondently. Systematic random sampling was used in selecting 91, 95, 78, and 91 households in Kacheliba, Kolongolo, Makutano and Kitale. Questionnaires, interviews and observation were used in data collection. Data was analyzed through Kruskal Wallis Test, and Chi-square test of association. Only information from households using charcoal was used in the analysis. The economic measures of charcoal accessibility used in the study were households’ monthly expenditure on charcoal, cost/Kilogram of charcoal, and budgetary allocation (%) on charcoal. Results indicated that average household monthly expenditure and cost/kg in Kacheliba were Kshs 1271.4 and Kshs 11.4 respectively. Average monthly budgetary allocation was 25.7% in Makutano. Common factors affecting charcoal accessibility were; land tenure system, government policies, cookstove technologies, and family size. Kruskal Wallis Test indicated that the mean ranks of charcoal average accessibility values between Kacheliba, Kolongolo, Makutano and Kitale were statistically significant [&#967;2(3,95)=13.322, N =190, P = 0.004). Pair-wise analysis indicated that average charcoal accessibility values were significantly lower in Kacheliba than Kolongolo, Makutano, and Kitale. &#967;2 -test of association indicated that the associations between existing government policies and cookstove technologies with charcoal accessibility were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, while charcoal is accessible in rural areas of West-Pokot, it is inaccessible in urban areas. In Trans-Nzoia, charcoal is inaccessible in rural and urban areas. Government policies and cookstove technologies adopted in West-Pokot and Trans-Nzoia are not helping the communities increase their accessibility to charcoal. Therefore, there is need for strict implementation of current policies, or formulation of new policies. The charcoal users should be educated on appropriate usage of charcoal cookstoves to enhance their effectiveness in reducing charcoal consumption.<#LINE#>Opurum C., Nweke C., Nwanyanwu C. and Nwachukwu M. (2015).@Kinetic Study on Biogas Production from Fish Pond Effluent co-digested with Cow dung in a Batch Bioreactor system.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,  4(12), 1-7.@Yes$Ganesh B. and Hanamantrao D. (2015).@Optimization of Physico-Chemical parameters for Biomethanation of Bagasse and Press mud Admixture.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 4(9), 16-20.@Yes$Aquil A., Shadab K., Shadman H. and Tiwari G. (2014).@The Contemporary Scenario of Indian Renewable Energy Sector.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(11), 82-89.@No$Singh M. and Singh P. (2014).@A Review of Wind Energy Scenario in India.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(4), 87-92.@No$Das A. and Mondal C. (2016).@Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Substrates: A Review.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 5(1), 49-57 (2016)@No$UN AGECC. (2010).@Energy for a Sustainable Future.@Summary Report and Recommendations 28 April 2010, Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change, New York.@Yes$Anjum A. (2012).@Biomass: Energy and Environmental Concerns in Developing Country.@Int Res. J. Environment Sci. 1(1), 54-57.@Yes$Njenga M., Karanja N., Munster C., Iiyama M., Neufeldt H., Kithinji, J. and Jamnadass, R. (2013).@Charcoal Production and Strategies to Enhance its Sustainability in Kenya.@Dev Pract, 23(3), 359-371.@Yes$GEF. (2013).@Africa will Import – not Export – Wood.@Chevy Chase, Global Environment Fund.@No$Neufeldt H., Langford K., Fuller J., Iiyama M. and Dobie P. (2015).@From Transition Fuel to Viable Energy Source: Improving Sustainability in the Sub-Saharan Charcoal Sector.@ICRAF Working Paper No. 196. Nairobi, World Agroforestry Centre.@Yes$Serrano-Medrano M., Arias-Chalico C., Ghilardi D. and Masera, O. (2014).@Spatial and Temporal Projection of Fuelwood and Charcoal Consumption in Mexico.@Energy Sustain Dev, 19(2014) 39–46.@Yes$Zulu L. and Richardson, B. (2013).@Charcoal, Livelihoods, and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.@Energy Sustain Dev., 17(2), 127-137.@Yes$Iiyama M., Neufeldt H., Dobie P., Njenga, M., Ndegwa G. and Jamnadass R. (2014).@The Potential of Agroforestry in the Provision of Sustainable Woodfuel in sub-Saharan Africa.@Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 2014(6), 138–147.@Yes$Kenya Forestry Service (2013).@Analysis of the Charcoal Value Chain in Kenya.@A Report Commissioned by the Kenya Forest Service, coordinated by the National REDD+ Coordinating Office and carried out by Camco Advisory Services (Kenya) Limited, Nairobi.@No$Mumo M. (2011).@Kenya: Charcoal Prices Burn a Hole in Local Household Budgets.@Daily Nation.@No$Minang P. A., Van Noordwijk M., Freeman O. E., Mbow C., de Leeuw J. & Catacutan, D. (2015).@Climate-Smart Landscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice.@World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya.@Yes$Mutua J., Ngui D. and Mwakubo S. (2010).@A Comprehensive Study and Analysis on Energy Consumption Patterns in Kenya.@A Synopsis of the Draft Final Report.@No$Nyembe M. (2011).@An Econometric Analysis of Factors Determining Charcoal Consumption by Urban Households: The case of Zambia.@Master’s Programme Degree Thesis No. 641, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics.@Yes$Ajao A. (2011).@Econometric Analysis of Urban Charcoal Demand in Ogbomoso Metropolis.@Rep Opinion., 3(9), 22-29.@Yes$Vahlne N. and Ahlgren O. (2014).@Policy Implications for Improved Cook Stove Programs—a Case Study of the Importance of Village Fuel Use Variations.@Energy Policy., 66, 484–495.@Yes$Rosa G., Majorin F., Boisson S., Barstow C., Johnson M., Kirby M., Ngabo F., Thomas E. and Clasen T. (2014).@Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomized Controlled Trial In Rwanda.@PLoS One, 9(3).@Yes
<#LINE#>Surveillance on Water Quality in Pursuit of Mangrove Afforestation along the Coastal and Inland Aquatic Environments of Malappuram District, Kerala, India<#LINE#>Shilna@E.P.,Sajith@U.,Harilal@C.C.<#LINE#>41-52<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-041.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Environmental science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673635, India@Division of Environmental science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673635, India@Division of Environmental science, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673635, India<#LINE#>10/3/2016<#LINE#>12/5/2016<#LINE#>Mangroves are considered to be the most productive ecosystems in the world. Their contribution in enhancing biodiversity and stabilizing coastal environments is widely accepted. Reintroduction of mangrove vegetation need be prioritized in the context of predicted consequences of global warming, sea level rise, coastal erosion and other natural as well as manmade disturbances. The primary objective of this study is to demarcate environments that uphold adequate water quality ideal for mangrove afforestation along the coastal and inland water bodies of Malappuram district, Kerala. Collection of water samples were carried out from38 locations representing diverse habitats during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Physico-chemical characterizations of collected samples were carried out following standard methods. On the basis of salinity and related attributes, high salt tolerant species like Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizhophora mucronataand Aegiceras corniculatum were found to beideal for afforestation in 10 sites. Low salt tolerant species like Sonneratia casiolaris and Exocaria agallocha were noted to be ideal for planting in 8 sites. Species like Sonneratiaalba which showed a tolerance limit over a wider range has beenfound ideal for afforestation in 14 selected sites. However medium salt tolerant species like Rhizhophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera cylindrica were found to be unfit for afforestation in any of the sites studied. On an overall assessment of the tolerance limit of mangrove species to salinity, 11 inland and estuarine aquatic environments of Malappuram District are ideal for afforestation during all seasons of the year.<#LINE#>Kathiresan K. and Bingham B.L. (2001).@Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems.@Advances in marine biology, 40, 81-251.@Yes$Saravanakumar A., Rajkumar M., Serebiah J.S. and Thivakaran G.A. (2008).@Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat.@J. Environ. Biol, 29(5), 725-732.@Yes$Wilkie M.L. and Fortune S. (2003).@Status and trends of mangrove area extent worldwide.@Forest Resources Assessment Working Paper No. 63., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.@Yes$Naskar K.R. and Mandal R.N. (1999).@Ecology and Biodiversity of Indian Mangroves.@Daya Publishing House, Delhi, India.@Yes$Basha S.C. (1991).@Distribution of mangroves in Kerala.@Indian Forester, 117(6), 439-448.@Yes$Saenger P., Hegerl E.J. and Davie J.D.S.(1983).@Global status of mangrove ecosystems.@Commission on Ecology Papers No. 3. Global status of mangrove, Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, 88.@Yes$American Public Health Association. APHA. (2005).@Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.@21th ed. Washington, DC.@Yes$Grasshoff K., Kremling K.M. and Ehrhardt M. (2007).@Methods of Seawater Analysis.@Third Edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany.@Yes$McKee K.L., Feller I.C., Popp M. and Wanek W. (2002).@Mangrove isotopic (&#948;15N and &#948;13C) fractionation across a nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation gradient.@Ecology 83, 1065–1075.@Yes$Lovelock C.E., Feller I.C., Mckee K.L., Engelbrecht, B.M.J. and Ball, M.C. (2004).@The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth, photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá.@Funct Ecol., 18, 25–33.@Yes$Naidoo G. (2006).@Factors contributing to dwarfing in the mangrove Avicennia marina.@Ann Bot-London, 97, 1095–1101.@Yes$Clough B.F. (1984).@Growth and salt balance of the mangroves Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. And RhizophorastylosaGriff. in relation to salinity.@Functional Plant Biology, 11(5), 419-430.@Yes$Chan H.T. and Baba S. (2009).@Manual on Guidelines for rehabilitation of coastal forests.@damaged by natural hazards in the Asia Pacific region, International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME) and International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), 66.@Yes$Toriman M.E., Arfan A. and Yusop Z. (2013).@Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia.@World Applied Sciences Journal, 28(9),1301-1310.@Yes$Kathiresan K. and Thangam T.S. (1990).@A note on the effect of salinity and pH on growth of Rhizophora seedlings.@Ind. For., 116, 243-244.@Yes
<#LINE#>Sustainable Eco-Tourism at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve<#LINE#>Carlton@R.,A. Daisy@Caroline Mary <#LINE#>51-56<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-046.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Bishop Heber College,Tiruchirappalli,India@Department of Environmental Sciences, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, India<#LINE#>23/3/2016<#LINE#>16/5/2016<#LINE#>The present study focuses on Tourism and management practices at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) an important and popular wildlife attraction located at one of the hotspots of biodiversity, the Western Ghats. The study focuses on the current practices at the reserve and identifies the strength, weakness and opportunities in the area. It analyses in the aspects of information to visitors, wildlife experiences, facilities and waste management. Suggestions on sustainable tourism strategies which can result in the better development and management of the Reserve area have been made. The study emphasises the importance of collaboration between Reserve managers and corporate, researchers and public thereby maximise the benefits of research, corporate responsibility and public participation and contribute to conservation and boost the economy.<#LINE#>Andheria A.P., Karanth K.U. and Kumar N.S. (2007).@Diet and prey profiles of three sympatric large carnivores in Bandipur Tiger Reserve, India.@Journal of Zoology, 273, 169-175.@Yes$Kumaraguru A., Saravanamuthu R., Brinda K. and Asokan S. (2011).@Prey preference of large carnivores in Anamalai Tiger Reserve, India.@European Journal of Wildlife Research,  57(3), 627-637.@Yes$Sharma B.D., Shetty B.V., Virekananthan K. and Rathakrishnan N.C. (1978).@Flora of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu.@Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 75, 13-42.@Yes$Karen Higginbottom, Chelsea Northrope and Ronda Green. (2001).@Positive Effects of Wildlife Tourism on Wildlife.@Wildlife Tourism - Challenges, Opportunities and managing the future, STCRC, 56.@Yes$Elsey National Park (2011).@Draft Plan of Management August 2011@. Retrieved from http://www.parksandwildlife .nt.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0008/3140/Elsey_PoM_DRAFT_2011.pdf@No$Gianna Moscardo, Barbara Woods and Tanya Greenwood. (2001).@Understanding Visitor Perspectives on Wildlife Tourism.@STCRC, 11.@Yes$Lilieholm Robert J. and Lisa R. Romney. (2009).@Tourism, National Parks and Wildlife.@Retrieved from http://www.forest.umaine.edu/files/2009/05/Tourism_National_Parks_and_Wildlife1.pdf.@Yes$Gianna Moscardo and Rebecca Saltzer (2005).@Understanding Tourism Wildlife Interactions: visitor market analyses.@Wildlife Tourism - Challenges, Opportunities and Managing the future, 10.@Yes$Radhakrishnan Kuttoor (2013).@In Konni, journeys of ecological discovery.@The Hindu News, http://www.thehindu.com/ todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/in-konni-Journeys-of-ecological-discovery / article 4922919.ecepathanamthitta, july 17, 2013.@No$Derrin Davis, Clem Tisdell and Mark Hardy. (2001).@The Role of Economics in Managing Wildlife Tourism.@Wildlife Tourism Research Report Series no. 3, STCRC, 18.@Yes$Lilieholm Robert J. and Lisa R. Romney.(2009).@Tourism, National Parks and Wildlife.@Tourism and National Parks, Retrieved from http://www.forest.umaine.edu/files/2009/ 05/Tourism_National_ Parks_and_Wildlife1.pdf.@Yes$Ronda Green and Karen Higginbottom. (2001).@The Negative Effects of Wildlife Tourism on Wildlife.@Wildlife Tourism: Impacts, Management and Planning, STCRC.@Yes$Bauld Sharee. (2007).@WWF Greater Mekong Cambodia Country Programme Ecotourism Feasibility study.@Technical Paper Series - No. 3 Srepok Wilderness Area Project, WWF Greater Mekong Cambodia Country Programme.@Yes$Ross E. Mitchell and Paul F.J. Eagles. (2001).@An Integrative Approach to Tourism: Lessons from the Andes of Peru.@Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(1), 4-28. DOI: 10.1080/09669580108667386.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of Forest Management Institutions: A Case of Wassa East and West Districts in Ghana<#LINE#>Henry@Mensah,Kenneth@Bedu-Addo <#LINE#>57-62<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-039.pdf<#LINE#>Civil and Public Law with References to Environmental and European Law, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany@Department of Environmental Planning, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany<#LINE#>5/3/2016<#LINE#>31/5/2016<#LINE#>SWOT analysis was performed on four forest management institutions viz Forestry Commission, District Assemblies, Forest Services Division, Non-governmental Organisation based on primary and secondary data which was obtained through purposive sampling and governmental documents/archival records respectively. Funding and political interference were identified as major weaknesses affecting forest management institutions in the Wassa Amenfi West and East Districts. Ghana’s forestry regulatory framework can be said to be robust and extremely strong. This is exemplified by the existence of a National Forest Policy, a Social Responsibility Agreement, National Forest Plantation Development Programme as well as Ghana being a party to the Voluntary Partnership Agreement. There are windows of opportunities in reference to policy enforcement which could be turned into strengths.<#LINE#>Food and Agriculture Institution (FAO). (2010).@Global Forest Resources Assessment.@Ghana: Food and agriculture organisation of the United nations (FAO). http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al513E/al513e.pdf (Accessed on 2nd July 2014).@No$Asante M.S. (2005).@Deforestation in Ghana: explaining the chronic failure of forest preservation policies in a developing country.@University Press of America, 1-286, ISBN-10: 0761822976.@Yes$Baofo, J. (2013).@The Impact of Deforestation on Forest Livelihoods in Ghana.@Africa Portal Online Library, 49, 1-8.@Yes$Dumenu W.K., Derkyi M., Samar S., Oduro K.A., Mensah J.K., Pentsil S. and Obeng E.A. (2014).@Benefit sharing mechanism for REDD+ implementation in Ghana.@Consultancy Report, Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana,pp 1-58.@No$Rauch P., Wolfsmayr U.J., Borz S.A., Triplat M., Krajnc N., Kolck M. and Handlos M. (2015).@SWOT analysis and strategy development for forest fuel supply chains in South East Europe.@Forest Policy and Economics, 61, 87–94.@Yes$Oswald K., Riechsteiner D., Thees O. and Lemm R. (2004).@Reorganisation of wood production for improved performance: a swiss forest district case study.@Small-Scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy, 3(2), 143–160.@Yes$Suh J. and Emtage N.F. (2005).@Identification of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the Community-based Forest Management Program.@Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACIAR, pp. 159–170.@Yes$Le D.T. and Pretzsch J. (2011).@Forest Management Practices in Central Highlands of Vietnam: Case Studies in Two State Forestry Companies.@(SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2135454). Rochester, NY, Social Science Research Network, 5-7.@Yes$Hoare A.L. (2010).@Community-based forest management in the Democratic Republic of Congo a fairytale or a viable REDD strategy.@Forest Monitor, Cambridg, 1-8.@Yes$K.C. B. (2012).@Socio-Economic Study of Community Forests in Mid Hills Region of Nepal.@Theses and Dissertations--Forestry Paper 8, pp. 1-89.@Yes$Yvette, L. P. (2004).@Ghana in Pictures.@Twenty-First Century Books, (Accessed on 15th July 2014).@Yes$Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). (2010).@Population and Housing Cencus, District Analytical Report.@Amenfi West District, Ghana, pp. 1-82.@No$Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). (2010).@Population and Housing Cencus, District Analytical Report.@Amenfi East District, Ghana, pp. 1-78.@No$Ghanadistricts.com. (2006).@Ghana Districts.@http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?r=5and_=144andsa=4168. (Accessed on 9th August 2014)@No$United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2006).@IEA Training Manual.@Module 5: Integrated Analysis of Environmental Trends and Policies, 1-74@No$Wassa Amenfi East District Assembly (WAEDA). (2012).@By-laws on natural resources management.@http://www.foresttransparency.info/ghana/downloads/(Accessed on 3 June 2014)@No$Adams M.A. (2010).@Analysis of Primary Stakeholders Participation in Forest Resources Management: The Case of the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, Ghana.@KNUST library, 1-103.@Yes$Carter J. and Gronow J. (2005).@Recent experience in collaborative forest management: a review paper.@CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, International forestry research, Occassional paper 43, 5, ISSN 0854-9818.@Yes$Amanor K.S. (2004).@Natural and cultural assets and participatory forest management in West Africa.@PERI Working Papers, 75, pp. 1-35.@Yes$Republic of Ghana (RoG). (2012).@Ghana Forest and Wildlife Policy.@Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Ghana.@No$Fowler, M., Akroyd, S., Channon, J., Abbot, P. and Dodd, S. (2011).@Forest sector public expenditure reviews: and guidance note.@review and guidance note,(No. 64491), 1–88.@Yes$Dumenu W.K., Derkyi M., Samar S., Oduro K.A., Mensah J.K., Pentsil S. and Obeng E.A. (2014).@Benefit sharing mechanism for REDD+ implementation in Ghana.@Consultancy Report, Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana, 69.@No$Ogweno D.O., Opanga P.S., and Obara and A.O. (2008).@Forest Landscape and Kenya’s Vision 2030.@In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Forestry Society of Kenya (FSK) Conference and Annual General Meeting held at the Sunset Hotel, Kisumu.@Yes$Opoku K. and Ghana F.W. (2006).@Forest governance in Ghana: an NGO perspective.@FERN http://www.illegal logging.info/sites/default/files/uploads/Forest_Governance_in_Ghana.pdf. (Accessed on 12 June 2014)@Yes
<#LINE#>Distributional Pattern of Bottled Water Usage: A Case Study in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>Dasinaa@S.,Delina@E.J.P.<#LINE#>63-67<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-060.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka@Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>4/4/2016<#LINE#>21/5/2016<#LINE#>The current trend of using bottled water shows the remarkable adaptation in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka due to the development of industries (factories and garments), hotels and tourism. Numbers of distributors and sellers have increased because of the demand in these areas. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the spatial distribution pattern of bottled water used for drinking purpose and the health impacts due to the adaptation of bottled water in Batticaloa District. Data were collected from the agents who supply bottled water in the Batticaloa District. Their trend of sales and geographical distribution pattern were analyzed.  The study revealed that there is an increasing trend in the sales of the bottled water for the last 5 years in 5 DS divisions such as Koralai Pattu, Koralai Pattu North, Eravur Pattu, Manmunai North and Kattankudy among 14 DS divisions in the district, which are well known for its tourist places as well as urban activities. The trend would have been fully changed due to the awareness of ground water pollution and the usage of recycled water bottles, where a hidden link can be noticed between the geographical locations and factors influencing the bottled water distributional pattern in the district.<#LINE#>Sarmad G., Mohammed Alaa G., Al-Hashimi and Khadeeja S. Al-Hussainy (2012).@Determination of Caffeine and Trace Minerals Contents in Soft and Energy Drinks Available in Basrah Markets.@Pakistan Journal of Nutrition., 11(9), 747-750.@Yes$Hajalilou B. and Khaleghi F. (2009).@Investigation of hydro geochemical 	factors and groundwater quality assessment in Marand Municipality, northwest of Iran: a multivariate statistical approach.@Journal of food, Agriculture and Environment., 7(3 & 4), 930-937.@Yes$Singh P.K., Singh U.C. and Suyash Kumar (2009).@An integrated approach using remote sensing, GIS and geo-electrical techniques for the assessment of groundwater conditions: A case study.@GIS development e-magazine, 5(35).@Yes$Mark Hays (2010).@The Social and Environmental Impacts of Bottled Water.@Corporate Accountability International. 1-28. http://www. responsiblepurchasing.org/purchasing _guides/bottled_water/webinar/CorporateAccountability_ProblemsWithBottledWater.pdf@No$Ferrier Catherine (2002).@Bottled Water: A Social Phenomenon.@AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment., 30(2), 118–119.@Yes$Survey report (2015).@My Elite Guide, Business Consulting and Writing Service.@http://www.Brand PRTwater.com/IN/Brand PRT-benefits.@No