@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Environmental Health Risk Perception among the Residents of Bahawalpur City Pakistan<#LINE#>Munazza@Fatima  <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-189.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan<#LINE#>23/8/2015<#LINE#>30/12/2015<#LINE#>Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment. The main objective of this research is the analysis of the public perception about environment health risk factors and environmental health education in urban area.  Based on this approach field survey through questionnaire was conducted among the public from six residential areas of Bahawalpur City. First, this paper identifies environmental health risk factors exist in urban area of Bahawalpur. Next to it, public perception about various environmental health risk factors were calculated on five point Likert scale ranging from none, low, moderate, high and don’t know. In addition to it, it was also analysed that how people perceive the most influential media and sector to promote environmental education. Finally this study leads the authors to design a wide range of appropriate management suggestions for environment health awareness.<#LINE#>Saheb S.U., Seshaiah S. and Viswanath B. (2012).@Environment and their legal issues in India.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 1(3), 44-51.@Yes$Khoshoo T.N. (1986).@Environmental Priorities in India and Sustainable Development.@Indian Science Congress Association. 40. Calcutta. 9-41.@Yes$WHO (1946).@Health.@cited 2014 15 April; Available from: http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story046/en.@Yes$WHO (2014).@Environmental Health.@cited 2014 15 April; Available from: http://www.who.int/ topics/ environmental_health/en/.@Yes$Novick D.R. (1999).@Overview of the Environment and Health in Europe in The 1990s.@undefined@No$HPN (2008).@Communicating with the Public About Health Risks.@Scottland.@Yes$Bennett P. (1997).@Communicating about risks to public health: pointers to good practice.@Department of Health: London.@Yes$Fischhoff B. (1981).@Acceptable risk.@Cambridge University: London.@Yes$Slovic P. (1987).@Perception of Risk.@Science, 236, 5-280.@No$Leiss W. (2001).@In the Chamber of Risk: Understanding Risk Controversies.@Canada.@Yes$Gupta Saurabh, B.R.a.D.A.K. (2012).@Environmental Education for Healthcare Professionals with Reference to Biomedical Waste Management: A Case Study of a Hospital in Lucknow, India.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 1(5), 69-75.@No$Starr G., Langley A. and Taylor A. (2000).@Environmental Health Risk Perception in Australia.@Centre for Population Studies in Epidemiologies.@No$Covello V.T. (1991).@Risk comparisons and risk communication: issues and problems in comparing health and environmental risks, in Communicating risks to the public.@Springer. 79-124.@Yes$WHO (2009).@Global Health Risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks.@Geneva.@Yes$Noor S., Fatima M. and Ahmed T. (2015).@Incidence of diarrhea among children as an exposure to poor water quality and unimproved sanitation: A case of Farooqabad, Pakistan.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 97-105.@Yes$Akter R. and Mandal S.C. (2013).@The Impact of Indoor Pollution on the Health of under Five Children in Bangladesh.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sc., 2(8), 54-58.@No$Sharma S. and Thakkar A. (2014).@A study to assess the effect of ground water quality and its impact on human health of people of Indore City.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 3(1), 43-45.@No$Noor S., Fatima M. and Sehrish S. (2014).@Unsustainable Environment and Prevalence of Diseases in Urban Slums: A Case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 3(1), 9.@Yes$Noor S. and Fatima M. (2012).@Engaging the Youth Community in Environmental Management: A Participatory Approach.@Annals of Environmental Science, 6(1), 3.@Yes$Prasad M.R. et al. (2015).@General awareness and Perceptions about Sacred Groves and Biodiversity Conservation in Urban people of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. 4(2).@No$Khan A.A., Fatima M. and Khan K. (2014).@Spatial Analysis of Environmental Health Risks: A Case of Bahawalpur District, Pakistan.@Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(1), 238-257.@Yes$Krewski D. et al. (2006).@Public perception of population health risks in Canada: Health hazards and sources of information.@Human and ecological risk assessment, 12(4), 626-644.@Yes
<#LINE#>Estimation of Carbon sequestration potential of Vegetation under different forest types of Pushkar Valley, Aravalli Region of Rajasthan, India<#LINE#> Sharma@Garima,Sharma@ K.C. <#LINE#>8-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-252.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environment Science, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandar Sindri, Rajasthan, 305817, India@Department of Environment Science, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandar Sindri, Rajasthan, 305817, India<#LINE#>23/12/2015<#LINE#>11/1/2016<#LINE#>Forest Vegetation are important sinks of atmospheric carbon and may significantly contribute to mitigation of climate change. The carbon pool in forest vegetation varies depend upon various factors such as plant species, plant age, geographical location and land use changes. To quantify the sequestered C in the forest ecosystem, C pools under various forest types should be assessed. To calculate the above ground and belowground biomass, allometric equations can be used. The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation under different forest types of pushkar valley of Rajasthan. The Pushkar valley is located in the center of Rajasthan State between 26.5° North and 74.5° East covering an area of about 26.6 km. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), this area belongs to the tropical dry climatic region. Four land use pattern has been selected for the study. The valley area can be broadly divided into land use categories of forest types namely Dry deciduous forest (DD), Mixed deciduous forest (MD), Thorn scrub forest (TS), Open scrub forest(OS). Non destructive allometric method was employed for calculation of carbon stock in each plant species. For this different indicator parametres have been measured (e.g. tree DBH, height). During our present study carbon sequestration potential of different tree species have been observed under different forest type. In dry decidous forest, it has been observed that maximum carbon storage in Terminalia arjuna (2.2 t/species) followed by Anogeissus pendula (1.22 t/species). In mixed decidous forest Maximum carbon storage potential is found in Acacia nilotica ( 1.07 t/species) followed by Acacia raddiana (.59 t/species). In thorn scrub forest,it has been observed that maximum carbon storage potential in Acacia leucocephala (6.80 t/species) followed by Acacia nilotica (1.07 t/species). Maximum contribution in carbon sequestration is by vegetation of thorn scrub forest. In all forest type the maximum carbon sequestration potential is found in Acacia leucocephala followed by Terminalia arjuna.<#LINE#>Hangarge L.M., Kulkarni D.K., Gaikwad V.B., Mahajan D.M. and Chaudhari N. (2012).@Carbon Sequestration potential of tree species in Somjaichi Rai (Sacred grove) at Nandghur village in Bhor region of Pune District, Maharashtra State, India.@Annals of Biological Research, 3(7), 3426-3429.@Yes$Ravindranath N.H., Somashekhar B.S. and Gadgil M. (1997).@Carbon Flow in Indian Forests.@Ministry of Environment and Forest.@Yes$Winjum J.K., Dixon R.K. and Schroeder P.E. (1992).@Estimating the global potential of forest and agro forest management practices to sequester carbon.@Water Air Soil Pollut, 64(1–2), 213–227.@Yes$Shrestha B.M. and Singh B.R. (2007).@Soil and vegetation carbon pools in a mountainous watershed of Nepal.@Nutrient cycling in Agroeosystems.@Yes$Suryawanshi M.N., Patel A.R., Kale T.S. and Patil P.R. (2014).@Carbon sequestration potential of tree species in the environment of North Maharashtra University Campus, Jalgaon (MS) India.@Bioscience Discovery, 5(2), 175-179.@Yes$IPCC (1966).@Good Practice Guidance for Land Use. Land-Use Change and Forestry.@Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.@No$Maps of India (2014).@Pushkar Location Map.@http://www.mapsofindia.com/pushkar/location.html. Last accessed on 12/09/2014.@No$Chavan B.L. and Rasal G.B. (2010).@Sequestered standing carbon stock in selective tree species grown in University campus at Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.@International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 2(7), 3003-3007.@Yes$Pandya I.Y., Salvi H., Chahar O. and Vaghela N. (2013).@Quantitative Analysis on Carbon Storage of 25 Valuable Tree Species of Gujarat.  Incredible India.@Indian J. Sci. Res, 4(1), 137-141.@Yes$Gupta B. and Sharma S. (2014).@Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Sequestration of Trees in Informally Protected Areas of Rajouri, J and K, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(6), 56-61.@Yes$Zanne A.E., Lopez Gonzalez., G. Comes, D.A. llic., J. Janson S. and Lewis S.L. (2009).@Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum.@Global wood density database.@Yes$Sheikh M.A., Kumar M. Bussman and Wand TN.P. (2011).@Carbon Balance and Management@doi.: 1186-1750.@Yes$Pearson T.R.H., Brown S. and Ravindranath N.H. (2005).@Integrating carbon benefits estimates into GEF Projects.@Capacity Development and Adaptation Group Guidelines 1-56.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessing the Impact of Indigenous Shea Butter Processing Activities in Northern Ghana<#LINE#>Sarkodie@P.A.,Agyapong @D.,Mumuni @S.,Amponsah @F.Y. <#LINE#>18-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-256.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Science Education, University of Education Winneba, Ghana@Department of Science Education, University of Education Winneba, Ghana@Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, University of Education Winneba, Ghana@Department of Science Education, University of Education Winneba, Ghana<#LINE#>2/12/2015<#LINE#>30/1/2016<#LINE#>Shea butter production generates income for most people in the Northern Ghana and most rural women depend on it for a living. Notwithstanding this, the waste from Shea butter processing has become major contributors to environmental impairment. This study thus assessed the ramifications the indigenous Shea butter processing has on the environs of Northern Ghana. The study was a descriptive survey that used one hundred and ten (110) respondents and questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Analysis of the results revealed that the indigenous methods of Shea nut processing did not help protect the environment compared to the other methods (semi-mechanized and fully-mechanized method); the wastes are left unmanaged and disposed of indiscriminately because of the unavailability of engineered dumping sites thereby causing nuisance to the immediate environs. It was, in fact, conspicuous from the responses that, the processors expressed sentiments about the dangers of the indiscriminate waste disposal yet nothing has been done about it. It was also revealed that Shea wastes continues to form heaps in the Metropolis and impart foul odors and also choke gutters causing flooding with the slightest downpour. The processors are suffering from ailments resulting from enormous heat and smoke and obnoxious odor. Over dependence of fuel wood as a source of energy is also contributing to deforestation of the savannah forest. It is therefore recommended that, the indigenous method of Shea butter processing should give way to a modern one to mitigate the environmental impact in the Metropolis. Meanwhile, the Metropolitan Assembly should adopt proper management of the waste generated to lessen the impact on the environment.<#LINE#>Bawa A. (2007).@Impact of clip Project on the Livelihood of Shea Butter Processing women in Karaga District of Northern Region, Ghana. A Thesis submitted to the University of Ghana, Legon in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) Degree in Agriculture.@[Accessed at: http://www.ghanavenskabsgrupperne.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/clip/M.PHIL.THESIS-17-08-07.pdf. Last accessed: July 1, 2014]@Yes$Abdul-Mumeen I., Zakpaa H.D. and Mills-Robertson F.C. (2013a).@Biochemical and microbiological analysis of Shea nut cake: A waste product from Shea butter processing.@Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 61–68.@Yes$Aboyella C. (2002).@An economic analysis of Sheanuts and cashew production in the Bawku East District.@A Bsc. Dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics and Agribusiness, University of Ghana.@Yes$Mohammed F., Boateng S. and Al-hassan S. (2013a).@Effects of Adoption of Improved Shea butter Processing Technology on Women’s Livelihoods and their Microenterprise Growth.@American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(4), 244-250 DOI: 10.11634/232907811301419@Yes$Hatskevich A. and Essilfie J.E. (2013).@Shea Picking as an Engine of Poverty Reduction in Northern Ghana (Case Study: Four Communities in the Bolgatanga Municipality).@European Scientific Journal, 9(23), 307–330.@Yes$Ani D.P., Aondona G. and Soom A. (2012).@Economic Analysis of Shea Butter Plant in Ukum Local Government, Benue State, Nigeria.@American-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy, 5 (1), 10-18. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aeja.2012.5.1.2032@Yes$Moore S. (2008).@The role of Vitellaria Paradoxa in poverty reduction and food security in the Upper East region of Ghana.@Earth and Environment, 3, 209-245.@Yes$Abagale F.K., Abdulai N. and Ojediran J.O. (2012).@Effects of Shea Waste Slurry on soil physical properties in Peri-Urban Tamale.@Northern Ghana. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12), 036-041.@Yes$Jibreel M.B., Mumuni E., Al-Hassan S. and Baba N.M. (2013).@Shea butter and its processing impacts on the environment in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana.@International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(3), 2008-2019.@No$Addaquay J. (2004).@The Shea butter value chain: refining in West Africa.@West Africa Trade Hub (WATH) Technical Report No. 3. Dakar, WATH.@Yes$Al-hassan S. (2011).@Market Access Capacity of Women Shea Processors in Ghana.@Journal of Arts and Social Science, 1, 11–21.@Yes$Ajayi A.O. (2004).@Emerging Roles for Extension in Promoting Sustainable Rural Environment: Lessons from Food Processing Cottage Industries and Their Wastes in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria.@Journal of Human Ecology, 16(4), 283-289.@Yes$Ofosu M.A. and Aklaku E.D. (2010).@Determining the optimum proportion of Shea Waste in Anaerobic Co-fermentation process.@Journal of Science and Technology, 30(1), 119-128.@Yes$Belewu M.A. and Yahaya A.A. (2008).@Effects of Aspergillusniger treated Shea butter cake based diets on nutrient intake and weight gain of Red Sokoto goat.@African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(9), 1357-1361@Yes$Abdul-Mumeen I., Zakpaa H.D. and Mills-Robertson F.C. (2013b).@Proximate and bio Phytochemical properties of Shea nut cake.@Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(12), 961-970.@No$Nitiema L.W., Dianou D., Simpore J., Karou S.D., Savadogo P.W. and Traore A.S. (2010).@Isolation of Tannic Acid-Degrading Streptococcus sp. From an Anaerobic Shea Cake Digester.@Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,13(1), 46–50.@Yes$Champ  M.M.J. (2002).@Non-nutreint bioactive substances of pulses.@British Journal of Nutrition, 88, Suppl. 3, S307–S319. DOI: 10.1079/BJN2002721@No$He Q., Yao K., Sun D. and Shi B. (2007).@Biodegradability of tannin-containing wastewater from leather industry.@Biodegradation, 18, 465–472.@Yes$Karou D., Dicko H.M.J and Traore A.S. (2005).@Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from ethnomedicinal plants of Burkina Faso.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 823–828.@Yes$Matanmi B.M., Adesiji G.B, Olasheinde E.M. and Oladipo F.O. (2010).@Assessment of usage of Upgraded Indigenous Shea Butter Processing Technology by Women Processors in Kwara State, Nigeria.@Agrosearch (2010 and 20011) 11 No. 1 and 2, 19–30.@Yes$Ademola A.O., Oyesola O.B. and Osewa S.O. (2012).@Assessment of Shea Butter Processing Among Rural Dwellers in Atisbo Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria.@European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6), 1-8.@Yes$Garba I.D., Sanni S.A. and Adebayo C.O. (2015).@Analyzing the Structure and Performance of Shea Butter Market in Bosso and Borgu Local Government Areas of Niger State, Nigeria.@International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 8(2), 321-336.@Yes$Abujaja A.M., Adam H. and Zakaria H. (2013).@Effects of Development Interventions on the Productivity and Profitability of Women Shea Butter Processors in the West Gonja District of Northern Ghana.@Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(12), 914-923.@Yes$Mohammed S., Heijndermans E. and Suglo M (2013b).@boribuni Shea Butter Processing Group.@Behind the Butter: An Energy Analysis of Shea Butter Processing: SNV Ghana. [Accessed at: http://www.snvworld.org/ download/publications/final_Shea_butter_processing_report_enno_19-06-2013.pdf; Last accessed: July 4, 2014]@Yes$Naeher L.P., Brauer M., Lipsett M., Judith T., Zelikoff J.T., Christopher D., Simpson C.D., Koenig J.Q. and Smith K.R. (2007).@Wood smoke Health Effects: A Review.@Inhalation Toxicology, 19, 67–106.@Yes$Ogwueleka T.C. (2009).@Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Management in Nigeria. Iran.@Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 6(3),173-180.@Yes$Kyei M (2005).@Determining the Optimum Proportion of Shea Waste in Anaerobic Co-Fermentation Process, Personal communication, Shebu Industries, Savelugu, Ghana.@@Yes$Athanasiou M, Makrynos G. and Dounias G. (2010).@Respiratory health of municipal solid waste workers.@Occupational Medicine, 60, 618-623@Yes$Sankoh F.P., Yan X. and Tran Q. (2013).@Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Disposalin Developing Cities: A Case Study of Granville Brook Dumpsite, Freetown, Sierra Leone.@Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 665-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep. 2013.47076.@Yes$Maranz S., Wiesman Z. and Garti N. (2003).@Phenolic Constituents of Shea (Vitellariaparadoxa) Kernels.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(21), 6268–6273. DOI: 10.1021/jf034687t@Yes$Adewoye S.O., Adedigba A.E. and Afolabi O.O. (2013).@A preliminary study on the toxic potentials of shea butter effluent using Clariasgariepinusas a biological model.@Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 7(2), 23-28.@No
<#LINE#>Forecasting CO2 Emissions Level in Saudi-Arabia (2014-2018) using Zeytun Time Series Statistical Software<#LINE#>Ahmed @A.H. <#LINE#>27-36<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-257.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Earth Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals-31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia<#LINE#>2/12/2015<#LINE#>1/2/2016<#LINE#>Our results on this research paper propose that the forecasted path of Saudi Arabia’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has considerably been increased over the last years. The scale of the predicted increase in emissions out to 2018 is much higher than last years. Our estimate is based on the World Bank CO2 emission data. This records set contain significantly more information related to the trend of likely Saudi Arabia carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions which can be used by the government and all other stakeholders.<#LINE#>Thompson A. (2000).@Origin of Arabia.@undefined@Yes$Montgomery S.L. and Nesheiwat J. (2014).@Beyond the Boom&#8239;: Developing Policy to Advance US Leadership in Shale Oil and Hydraulic Fracturing.@undefined@No$Chye X. and Choong C. (2008).@Energy-growth causality: A panel analysis.@2011, 355-362.@No$UN (1987).@Development and International Economic Co-operation: Environment.@undefined@No$World Bank (2010).@Development and Climate Change.@undefined@No$Goulder LH. (2013).@Markets for Pollution Allowances&#8239;: What Are the ( New ) Lessons?,@27(1), 87-102.@Yes$Asafu-adjaye J. (2000).@The relationship between energy consumption, energy prices and economic growth&#8239;: time series evidence from Asian developing countries,@615-625.@Yes$Dilling L. and Lemos M.C. (2011).@Creating usable science: Opportunities and constraints for climate knowledge use and their implications for science policy.@Glob Environ Chang, 21(2), 680-689. doi:10.1016/ j.gloenvcha.2010.11.006.@Yes$Scholes R.J., Wallace D.W.R. and Archer D. et al. (2001).@The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.@http:// http://www.ifm-geomar.de/ifm-geomar.@Yes$Fathony R.Z.A., Sholihah A.M., Rismawaty Wibowo S.H., Anas K. and  Amelia L. (2007).@Zaitun Time Series User Manual.@undefined@Yes$Busemeyer J.R. and Wang Y. (2000).@Model Comparisons and Model Selections Based on Generalization Criterion Methodology.@189, 171-189.@Yes$Alkhathlan K. and Javid M. (2015).@Carbon emissions and oil consumption in Saudi Arabia.@Renew Sustain Energy Rev., 48, 105-111. doi:10.1016/ j.rser.2015.03.072.@Yes$Alkhathlan K., Alam M.Q. and Javid M. (2012).@Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia&#8239;: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis. 2(4), 327-339.@undefined@Yes$Alkhathlan K. and Javid M. (2013).@Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis.@Energy Policy. 62:1525-1532. doi:10.1016/ j.enpol.2013.07.068.@Yes$Gregg J.S. and Andres R.J. and Marland G. (2008).@China: Emissions pattern of the world leader in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production.@Geophys Res Lett., 35(8):L08806. doi:10.1029/2007GL032887.@Yes$Guan D., Peters G.P., Weber C.L. and Hubacek K. (2009).@Journey to world top emitter: An analysis of the driving forces of China’s recent CO2 emissions surge.@Geophys Res Lett., 36(4), L04709. doi:10.1029/ 2008GL036540.@Yes
<#LINE#>Lead-induced Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Alteration in Seedlings of Brassica juncea L.<#LINE#>Pratima @H.,Mathad@Pratima  <#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-263.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulabarga, 585106, Karnataka, India@Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulabarga, 585106, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>7/12/2015<#LINE#>31/1/2016<#LINE#>The present study was conducted to assess lead toxicity causes metabolic alteration and oxidative stress in seedlings of   Brassica juncea L. by petri-dish experiment. Surface sterilized seeds were germinated with graded concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 mM) of lead nitrate in petriplates lined with Whatman no.1 filter paper. Lead stress resulted, a uniform decrease in germination (100-10%), biomass (0.59-0.08mg/fw and 0.05-0.01mg/dw), root (7.20-0.61cm) and shoot (8.12-1.15cm) elongation with increasing concentrations marked as the primary signs of lead injury. An increasing concentration of lead treatment showed a uniform decrease in chlorophylls (16.94-6.10mg/gm) and &#946;-carotene (0.77-0.25mg/g) composition with a significant accumulation of free proline (0.24-1.52mg/100mg) suggesting an osmoprotection from lead. Total peroxide (0.22-0.62 &#956;mol g-1 fw) and lipid peroxidation (2.92-5.10 &#956;mol g-1 fw) showed uniform increase under metal treatment. The glutathione, ascorbate and polyphenol contents showed a decrease at 30mM and 40mM of lead. The antioxidative of enzymes such as peroxidase (0.13-0.50 unit min-1mg-1) and glutathione reductase (0.42-0.70unit mg-1) were markedly enhanced while catalase (1.08-0.14 unit mg-1) and superoxide dismutase (7.38-2.32unit mg-1) decreased prominently with increasing concentration of lead. The finding pointed to the role of oxidative stress in the underlying lead phytotoxicity in Brassica juncea L. seedling.<#LINE#>Khan S, Farooq R, Shahbaz S, Khan MA and Sadique M. (2009).@Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetable.@World Applied Sciences Journal, 6, 1602-1606.@Yes$Pang X, Wang D.H, Xing X.Y, Peng A., Zhang F.S. and Li C.J. (2002).@Effect of La3 on the activities of antioxidant enzyme in wheat seedling under lead stress in solution culture.@Chemosphere, 47, 1033-1039.@Yes$Lin C.J., Liu L., Liu T., Zhu L., Sheng D. and Wang D. (2009).@Soil amendment application frequency contributes to phytoextraction of lead by sunflower at different nutrient levels.@Environment Expremental Botany, 65, 410-416.@Yes$Estrella Gomez N., Mendoza Cozatl D., Moreno Sanchez R., Gonzalez Mendoza D., Zapata Perez O., Martinez Hernandez A. and Santamaria J.M. (2009).@The Pb-hyperaccumulator aquatic fern salvinia minima baker, responds to Pb2+ by increasing phytochelatins via changes in smpcs expression and in phytochelatin synthase activity.@Aquatic Toxicology 91, 320-328.@Yes$Johnson M.S. and Eaton J.W. (1980).@Environmental contamination through residual trace metal dispersal from a derelict lead-zinc mine.@J. Environ. Qual., (9), 175-79.@Yes$Sharma P. and Duby R.S. (2005).@Lead toxicity in plants.@Brazil  J. Plant Physiol., (17), 35-52.@Yes$Srinivasan Malar, Sahi Shivendra Vikram, Paulo J.C Favas and Venkatachalam Perumal (2014).@Lead heavy metal toxicity induces changes on growth and antioxidative enzymes level in water hyacinths (Echhornia crassipes (Mart.).@Botanical Studies, 55(1), 54, 1-11.@Yes$Ruley A.T. (2004).@Effects of accumulation of lead and synthetic chelators on the physiology and biochemistry of Sesbania drummondii.@Western Kentucky University, USA, MS thesis. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/ 513@Yes$Zhang F.Q., Wang Y.S., Lou Z.P. and Dong J.D. (2007).@Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza).@Chemosphere, 67, 44–50.@Yes$Jiang N., Luo X., Zeng J., Yang Z.R, Zheng L.N. and Wang S.T. (2010).@Lead toxicity induced growth and antioxidant responses in Luffa cylindrica seedlings.@Inter J Agric Biol, 12, 205–210.@Yes$Wozny A. and Jerezynska E. (1991).@The effect of lead on early stages of Phaseolus vulgaries L. growth in in vitro conditions.@Biol. Plant. (33), 32-34.@Yes$Jallaluddin M. Ashraf, Pankaj K. Mishra, Umesh kumar, Meetu chaudry and Veeru Prakash (1991).@Lead toxicity causes oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant systems in Cicer aerietinum.@Plant physiol biochem. (14), 194-199.@No$Arleta Malecka, Wieslawa, Jarmus zkiewicz and Barbara Tomaszewska (2001).@Antioxidative defence to lead stress in subcellular compartments of pea root cells.@Acta Biochimica Polonica., (48), 687-698.@Yes$Nadjet Biteur, Abdelkader Aoues, Omar Kharoubi and Miloud Slimani (2011).@Oxidative Stress Induction by Lead in Leaves of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Seedlings.@Biteur N. et al. / Not Sci Biol, 3(4), 93-99.@Yes$Santilata Sahoo, Sujata Mohanty, Soumitri Rout and Satyajit Kanungo (2014).@The effect of lead toxicity on growth and antioxidant enzyme expression of Abutilon indicum L.@Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 7(2), 134-138.@Yes$Verma S. and Dubey R.S. (2000).@Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants.@Plant Sci., (164), 645-655.@Yes$Arnon D.I. (1949).@Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., (24), 1-15.@undefined@Yes$Jensen A. and Cragie J.S. (1978).@Chlorophylls and carotenoids.  In hellebust. A (eds).@Hand book of phytological methods. Cambridge Uni. Press. London, 59-70.@No$Bates L.S., Waldram R.P.  and Teare I.D. (1973).@Rapid determination of free proline for water.@Plant Soil, (39), 205 -208.@Yes$Sagisaka S. (1976).@The occurrence of peroxide in a perennial plant Populs gelrica.@Plant Physiol. (57), 308-309.@Yes$Heath R.L. and Packer K. (1968).@Leaf Senescence correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and Catalase.@J. Exp. Bot., (32), 93–101.@Yes$Klein B.P. and Perry A.K. (1982).@Ascorbic acid and vitamin A. activity in selected vegetables from different geographical areas of the United States.@J. Food Sci., (47), 941- 943.@Yes$Griffith O.W. (1930).@Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulpide using glutathione reductase and 2- vinylpyridine.@Anal. Biochem. (106), 207-221.@Yes$Malick C.P. and Singh M.B. (1980).@In plant enzymology and Histo enzymology.@Kalyani Publishers New Delhi.@Yes$Teranishi Y., Tanaka A., Osumi M. and Fukui S. (1974).@Catalse activity of hydrocarbon utilizing Canada yeast.@Agric. Biol. Chem. (38), 1213-1216.@Yes$Dhindsa R.S., Plumb Dhindsa P. and Thorpe P.A. (1981).@Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase.@J. Expt. Bot., (32), 93-101.@Yes$Foyer C. and Halliwell B. (1976).@The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplast: A proposed role in ascrobic acid metabolis.@Planta, (133), 21-25.@Yes$Rakesh Singh Sengar, Madhu Gautam, Sanjay Kumar Garg, Reshu Chaudhary and Kalpana Sengar (2008).@Effect of Lead on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Chlorophyll Content and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata).@Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 2: 61-68.@Yes$Muhammad Shafiq, Iqbal M. Zafar and Mohammad Athar (2008).@Effect of lead and cadmium on germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala.@J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.  12(2), 61–66.@Yes$Verma Shalini and Dubey R.S. (2003).@Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants.@Plant Science, 164, 645-/655, (2003).@Yes$Lerda D (1992).@The effect of lead on Allium cepa L.@Mutation Res. 231, 80-92.@Yes$Kumar G., Singh R.P and Sushila (1992).@Nitrate assimilation and biomass production in Seamum indicum (L) seedling in enriched environment.@Water Air Soil Pollut. (215), 124-215.@No$Panda S.K. and Patra H.K. (2000).@Does chromium (III) produce oxidative stress in excised wheat leaves.@J. Plant Biol. (27), 105-110.@Yes$Moustakas M., Lanaras T. and Karatagails S. (1997).@Growth and some photosynthetic characteristics of field grown Avina sativa L. under copper and lead stress.@Photosynthetica, (30), 45-47.@Yes$Panda S.K. and Khan M.H. (2003).@Antioxidant efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.)   leaves under heavy metal toxicity.@J. Plant Physiol. (30), 23-29.@Yes$Malecka A., Jarmuszkiewicz W. and Tomaszewska B. (2001).@Antioxidative defense to lead stress in subcellular compartments of pea root cells.@Acta Biochim. Polon. 48, 687-698.@Yes$Panda S.K., Singha L.B. and Khan M.H. (2003).@Does Aluminium phytotoxicity induce oxidative stress in Green gram (Vigna Radiata).@Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 29(1–2), 77–86.@Yes$Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Hawa Z.E. Jaafar, Asmah Rahmat and Zaharah Abdul Rahman (2012).@Involvement of Nitrogen on Flavonoids, Glutathione, Anthocyanin, Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidant Activities of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Labisia pumila Blume (Kacip Fatimah).@Int J Mol Sci., 13(1), 393–408.@Yes$Subramanium D. (1998).@Effect of aluminium on growth, lipid peroxidation, Superoxide desmutase and peroxidase activities in rice bean and French bean seedlings.@Indian J. Plant Physiol., (3), 240-242.@Yes$Panda S.K., Choudhury I and Khan M.H. (2003).@Heavy metals induce lipid peroxidation and effect an antioxidants in wheat leaves.@Biol. Plant., (46), 289-249.@Yes
<#LINE#>Are Modern Institutions effective in the Conservation of the Forest flora of Gbele resource reserve in the upper west region of Ghana?<#LINE#>Kadri Yahaya @Abdul ,Chinna @Venkateswar  <#LINE#>42-53<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-272.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science-Osmania University, Hyderabad, India@Department of Botany-Osmania University, Hyderabad, India<#LINE#>19/12/2015<#LINE#>9/1/2016<#LINE#>Besides traditional institutions, modern institutions such as Environmental Protection Agency, Forestry Commission, and Ghana National Fire Service are instrumental in diverse ways in trying to conserve the forest flora of Gbele resource reserve in the Upper West region of Ghana. However their efforts are considered as an exercise in futility because they have been ineffective in conserving the Gbele resource reserve. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the roles of modern institutions in the conservation of the forest flora of Gbele resource reserve. Primary as well as secondary sources of data were resorted to in the study. Besides observation, face to face and key informant interviews for data collection, the study relied on purposive and simple random sampling techniques in the selection of respondents. Apart from content analysis of qualitative data, the study utilized a tool of SPSS known as descriptive statistics for the analysis quantitative data. The study relied on tables and charts for data presentation. The paper reveals that apart from herbs and shrubs, the dominant trees in the Gbele resource reserve are Khaya Senegalensis (African Mahogany), Vitellaria Paradoxa (Shea tree), Adonsonia Digitata (Boabab tree), Parkia Biglobosa (Dawadawa tree), Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok tree), magnifera indica (mango tree), Anacardium Occidentale (cashew tree) and Tectona Grandis (Teak Tree). The paper concludes that modern institutions by means of providing training for forest guards and environmental education on conservation of flora species in the Gbele resource reserve have been ineffective in trying to accomplish the goal of nature conservation. However, it is recommended that, support to modern institutions by Ghana Government should be intensified in order to make their roles effective in conserving the forest flora of Gbele, so as to promote Sustainable Development.<#LINE#>Yahaya A.K. (2012).@Indigenous Knowledge in the management of a community- based forest reserve in the Wa west district of Ghana.@Ghana Journal of Development Studies. 9(1).@Yes$Miller R.L. and Brewer J.D. (2003).@A-Z Social Research. Dictionary of Social Science.@Sage Publication. London.@Yes$Ghate Rucha and Ghate Suresh (2011).@Conservative attitudes of forest dwelling communities.@Hope for joint forest management to succeed. Evidence from repeated field experiments in central India.@No$Agrawal A. and Gibson C. (1999).@Enchantment and Disenchantment; The Role of Community in Natural Resource Management.@World Development, 27(4), 629-49.@Yes$Kwasi Osei O., Owusu A., Imoro B. and Stephen L. (2012).@Commercial Charcoal Production and Sustainable Community Development in Upper West Region, Ghana.@Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4). 150.@No$FAO (2003b).@Forestry Outlook Study for Africa.@Subregional Report for West Africa (Rome: FAO).@Yes$Oduro K.A. (2002).@Multi-Purpose Rainforest Management in Ghana: An Exploratory Study.@(Kumasi: Forestry Research Institute).@Yes$Falconer J. (1992).@Non Timber Forest Products in Southern Ghana: A Summary Report.@ODA Forest Series No. 2 (Chatham: Resource Institute).@Yes$Appiah-Opoku S. and Hyma B. (1999).@Indigenous Institutions and Resource Management in Ghana@Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor@Yes$Association of Zimbabwe Traditional Environmental Conservationist (AZTREC) (1994).@Capacity Building of Traditional Institutions for the use of Indigenous Knowledge System in Natural Resource Management, Southern African Mission.@undefined@No$Forestry Commission (2005a).@Ghana Timber, Forest Management and Wild life Resource Management.@undefined@No$Ghate R. and Negandra H. (2005).@Role of monitoring Institutional Performance; Forest Management in Maharashatra, India.@2.@Yes$Validation of Timber Program (2005).@Discussion Paper 4: A Review of the current taxation system relevant to the forest sector in Ghana.@Forestry Commission.@No$Sissala East District Medium Term Development Plan (2010)@Unpublished.@undefined@No$Report Produced by a Working Group of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature titled as Communities and Forest Management with Recommendations to Intergovernmental Panel on Forest Edited by Mark Poffenberger. (2000).@@undefined@No$Kombat C.D. (2009).@Forest Conflict Influence on Local People’s Livelihoods: A case of conflicts between Timber Companies and Farmers in the Makranso District of Ghana. International Master of Science Thesis on Rural Development: Submitted to Gbent University (Belgium).@Agro University (Germany), and University of Cordoba (Spain). 12.@No
<#LINE#>Drinking water Quality analysis of Water supply network at Ghanish valley Hunza-Nagar Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan<#LINE#>Ali@Ajaz,Khadim @Hussain,Syed @Jarrar Hussain,Nasir@Hussain <#LINE#>54-62<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-276.pdf<#LINE#>Environmental Protection Agency, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and Department of Environmental Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan@Environmental Protection Agency, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan@Environmental Protection Agency, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan@Environmental Protection Agency, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan<#LINE#>30/12/2015<#LINE#>5/2/2016<#LINE#>The drinking water quality of water supply network of Ghanish valley Hunza-Nagar has been studied. Water quality testing along with sanitary inspection of the entire distribution network was carried out during the last week of July, 2011. The various constituents monitored include the physio-chemical characters like pH, turbidity, temperature, color, odor and taste, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids; chemical parameters include nitrate and nitrite; and microbiological parameters like E. coli count. Waqtech water testing kit was used for microbiological analysis which employs the membrane filtration technique. Chemical parameters were analyzed by using Photometer. Results obtained from assessment of different physio-chemical parameters were as follows. Temperature value fluctuate between 16-25 °C, turbidity levels were 200-500 NTU, pH ranged from 7-8.3, Electrical Conductivity ranged from 200-400 µS/cm, TDS values were 208-580 ppm , and E. coli (colonies) were 6-17 at different sampling locations. Nitrate concentration was 20.3-49.0 and nitrite was 1.0-2.9 respectively. Results showed that all the samples taken from water distribution network were bacteriologically contaminated with E. coli (colonies) an indicator organism of water borne diseases, falls in high risk category according to WHO guidelines and not fit for human consumption. During the sanitary inspection it was found that the sewage collection system, the main sewer of Karimabad is very close (4 to 5 feet), and on the upstream drinking water supply channel of Union Council Ghanish. Due to choking of manholes of sewers of Karimabad, the sewage enter into the water supply channel of Ghanish making it contaminated bacteriologically and thus become source of water borne disease. It was found that design of Karimabad sewage system is faulty, improper operation and maintenance and lack of technical expertise make it a health hazard for the people of Ghanish valley. During summer due to tourist influx, the main sewer use to choke twice in a month and majority of tourists belong to western countries that may spread new strains of microorganisms and subsequently new episodes of outbreaks in the respective village.<#LINE#>Eassa A.M. and Mahmood A.A. (2012).@An assessment of the treated water quality for some drinking water supplies at Basrah.@J. Basrah Res. (Sci.). 38(3), 95-105.@Yes$WHO (2011).@Manganese in drinking water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality.@WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/104/ REV/1.http/www.lwb.mw/online watermonitoring.htm.@Yes$Varale A and Varale Y. (2012).@Residual chlorine concentrations in underground water samples collected from tube wells of Nipani Town.@Univers. J. Environ. Res. Technol. 2(1), 105-107.@Yes$Dowidar A, Yosef YA, Merdan Al, Abdel-Monem MH and Diab AM. (1990).@Bacterial contamination of water wells in Wadi el-Sheikh Area, in Southern Sinai.@J. Egypt Public Health Assoc. 65, 119-34.@Yes$Mroz Jr. R.C. and Pillai S.D. (1994).@Bacterial populations in the ground water on the US- Maxico border in El Paso Country, Texas.@South Med. J., 87, 1214-1217.@No$Appleyared S.J. (1996).@Impact of liquid waste disposal on portable ground water resources near Perth, Western Australia.@Environ. Geol. 28, 106-10.@No$Howard G. and Bartram I. (2005).@Effective Water Surveillance in Urban Areas of Developing Countries.@Journal of Water and Health. 03(1) 234-244.@Yes$WHO (2011).@Guidelines for drinking-water quality 4th ed.@World Health Organization, Geneva.@Yes$Amin R, Ali SS, Anwar Z and Khattak JZK. (2012).@Microbial analysis of drinking water and water distribution system in new urban Peshawar.@Curr Res J Bio Sci., 4, 731–737.@Yes$Boot and Cairncross A.M. (1993).@The study of hygiene behavior in water and sanitation projects.@Irc, the Netherlands and London school of hygiene and tropical medicine.@Yes$Gorter A. and Sandiford P.A. (1997).@Literature review of the health impact of water supplies, sanitation and hygiene on the incidence of diarrheal diseases. Chaep 3 in Childhood Diarrhea and its prevention in Nicaragua.@Vormgeving en drukwerk, Uniigraphic, Universities Maastricht.@Yes$WWF (2007).@Pakistan@1-33.@Yes$UNISEF and WHO (2012).@Progress on drinking water and sanitation update.@Retrieved from; http://www.unicef.org/media/files/ JMPreport2012.pdf.@Yes$UNESCO (2003).@Water for people water for life. The United Nations world water development report.@United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.@Yes$Ogden L.D., Fenlon D.R., Vinten A.J. and Lewis D. (2001).@The fate of Escherichia coli 157 in soil and its potential to contaminate drinking water.@Int. J. Food Microbial. 66, 111–117.@Yes$Azizullah M.N.K., Khattak P. Richter and D.P. Hader (2011).@Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health—A review.@Environment International, 37(2), 479-497.@Yes$PCRWR (2004).@Water Quality Profile of Pakistan (22 Cities) Report (Phase-III) 2003– 2004.@Pakistan Council for Research in Water Resources, Islamabad.@No$Hafiz S., Syed Y., Rauf U., Qadr B. and Shahabuddin M. (1991).@Etiolog, and management of diarrheal diseases in Karachi.@J. Pakistan Med. Assoc., 41, 211-213.@No$Karamat K.A., Malik I.A., Nabi Qamar R.H., Qureshi A.H. and Saleem S. (1993).@Study of enteropathogenic microbial agents of diarrheal diseases in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Pakistan J. med. Res., 32, 139-142.@undefined@Yes$Imran M. (1978).@Etiology of gastroenteritis at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.@Proc. Biennial Pediatr. Conf., 4, 31-34. Peshawar, March 24-27.@Yes$Haque S. and ALI M. (1986).@Risk factors in the post diarrheal abdominal distention.@Pakistan Pediat. J., 10: 43-48.@Yes$G. Bridges (2007).@Asian Water Development Outlook.@Country Paper Pakistan, Asian Development Bank, 2007. 9.http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/AWDO/2007/ cr08.pdf (December 29, 2008).@Yes$Pakistan Millennium Development Goals Report (2006).@Government of Pakistan. Planning Commission.@(2006)75. http://www.undp.org.pk/uploaddocuments/ mdg2006.zip. (December 23, 2008).@Yes$Global Water Partnership (2000).@Draft South Asia - Water Vision 2025, Country Report – Pakistan.@undefined@Yes$Waqar S.N., Hussain H., Khan R, Khawaja A., Majid H. and Malik S. et al. (1999).@Intestinal parasitic infections in the pediatric population of two high land communities from northern Pakistan (abstract).@Proc Pakistan Cong Zool, 20, 125-6.@Yes$Jayaraman P.R.T., Ganga Deyi and Nayar T.V. (2003).@Water quality studies on Karamana River, Thiruyananthapuram District South Kerela, India.@Pollution Research. 22(1), 89-100.@Yes$United States Environmental Protection Agency (2003).@Chemical contaminants in drinking water.@Technical fast sheet on microbes. EPA 816-03-016.@No$Gupta D.P. Sunita and J.P. Saharan (2009).@Physicochemical analysis of ground water of selected area of Kaithal city (Haryana), India.@Researcher, 1(2), 1-5.@Yes$Raza A., Ali S., Abbas Y., Ali S., Karim R., Ali N. and Ali A. (2015).@Physio-chemical and biological drinking water quality analysis of Barmus water supply Complex Gilgit.@J. Bio. and Env. Sci., 7(4), 127-134.@No$Ali S., Ali A., Hussain A.S., Hussain K., Begum F., Akbar M., Raza G., Ali K. and Hyder S. (2015).@Functional status and water quality analysis of 56 water purification plants established at Gilgit district.@J. Bio. and Env. Sci. 6(4): 332-340.@No$Inam Ullah E. and Alam A. (2014).@Assessment of drinking water quality in Peshawar, Pakistan.@Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20, 595-600.@No$Farooq S., Hashmi I., Qazi I.A., Qaiser S. and Rasheed S. (2008).@Monitoring of coliform and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 140(1–3), 339–347.@Yes$Edberg S.C., Rice E.W., Karlin R.J. and Allen M.J. (2000).@Escherichia coli: The best biological drinking water indicator for public health protection.@Symp. Ser. Soc. Appl. Microbiol. (29), 106S-116S.@Yes$Odonkor S.T. and Ampofo J.A. (2013).@Escherichia coli as an indicator of bacteriological quality of water: An overview.@Microbiol Res. 4(e2), 5–11.@Yes$Jehangir M. (2002).@Bacteriological Contamination and Upward Trend in Nitrate Contents, observed in Drinking Water of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.@The Network Consumer Protection in Pakistan.@Yes$Sumera N. and Shedayi A.A. (2010).@Analysis of Microbial and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Drinking Water of Oshikhandas Village, Gilgit- Baltistan, Pakistan.@Convention on Climate Change and its Impact on Biological Diversity in Gilgit – Baltistan, Pakistan. 33.@No$Shedayi. A.A, Jan N., Riaz S. and Xu. M. (2015).@Drinking water quality status in Gilgit Pakistan and WHO Standards.@Sci. Int (Lahore), 27 (3), 2305-2311.@Yes$Sun O.H., Chung S.H., Nasir J.A. and Saba N.U. (2001).@Drinking water quality monitoring in Islamabad.@National Institute of Health and Korea International Cooperation Agency.@Yes$Kelin H., Yuang H.F., Hong L. and Robert W.E. (2005).@Spatial variability of shallow ground water level, electrical conductivity and nitrate concentration and risk assessment of nitrate contamination in North China plain.@Environment International, 31, 896–903.@Yes$Mote Sudhakar P. and Mahajan Hemant A. (2013).@Physico-chemical analysis of drinking ground water in Varangaon Region, Dist Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.@Res. J. Chem. Sci. 3(8), 83-85.@No$Yahya M.S., Rahman A. and Abbasi N.H. (2012).@Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of River Water by using Regression Analysis: A case study of River Indus in province of Sind, Pakistan.@IJEP.  L(2), 10-16. www.ij-ep.org.@Yes$Asif S., Sajjad N., Sheikh A.A., Shahzad M., Munir T.M., Umar W. and Umar S. (2015).@Assessment of water quality for drinking purpose from water coolers of different teaching institutes in Lahore, Pakistan.@IOSR-JESTFT. Vol. 9., 18-22.@No$Pratiksha Tambekar, Pravin Morey, Batra R.J. and Weginwar R.G. (2012).@Quality assessment of drinking water: A case study of Chandrapur District.@J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 4(5), 2564-2570.@Yes$Jena V., Gupta S. and Matic N. (2013).@Assessment of Kharoon River Water Quality at Raipur by Physico-chemical parameters analysis.@Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., 4(1). 79-83.@Yes$Khattak IM and Khattak IM. (2013).@Ground water analysis of Karachi with reference to adverse effect on human health and its comparison with other cities of Pakistan.@Jour. Environ. Sci. and Water Resources. Vol. 2(11), 410-418.@Yes$Jabeen and Shedayi (2011).@Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological drinking water quality analysis of Sultanabad Gilgit, Pakistan.@Natural Resources Management: Review and Research in the Himalayan Watersheds II (Special Publication of NUFU HIMUNET Project, Vol. II, 55-60.@Yes$Vladeva S., Gatseva P. and Gopina G. (2000).@Comparative analysis of results from studies of goiter in children from Bulgarian villages with nitrate pollution of drinking water in 1995 and 1998.@Central European Journal of Public Health. 8, 179-181.@Yes$Reddy KSN. (1981).@The essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology, 5thEdn.@Sugune, Hyderabad, 81.@No$Thind GS. (1982).@Role of toxic element in human on experiment condition.@J. Air and water pollution control, 22, 267-270.@Yes$Burt T.P., Heathwaite A. and Trudgill S.T. (1993).@Nitrate process patterns and management.@John willey. New York, 444.@Yes$Quality Criteria for Water (1976).@U. S. Environmental Protection Agency@Washington, D. C. 20460.@Yes
<#LINE#>Avifaunal Diversity at two Ponds of Waghodiya taluka of Vadodara District, India<#LINE#> Rathod@Jagruti,Lakhmapurkar@Jayendra,Gavali@Deepa,Patel@Tejas,Singh@Nisha,Patel@Ishani <#LINE#>63-70<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-277.pdf<#LINE#>3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.@3rd Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy House, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.<#LINE#>30/12/2015<#LINE#>13/2/2016<#LINE#>Wetlands are transitional zone between land and aquatic habitat. It provides habitat for flora and fauna. Amongst fauna birds are the one of the significant indicators of the health of ecosystem as they respond to secondary changes which are cause by primary causes. Alwa and Limda village pond situated at out skirts of the Vadodara city and Limda is surrounded by university and industrial buildings but both the ponds face same climatic conditions. Total species of birds include 35 families, 78 species of birds, amongst them 12 are migratory species at both the ponds. It was recorded that wetland harbuor support good environment for migratory as well as residential species of birds. However, Limda is in degrading condition due to the negligence of local people residing at the edge and urban conditions near to the village pond. Hence, it is imperative that appropriate conservation measures be taken for its successful conservation and innovations.<#LINE#>Gledhill D.G., James P. and Davies D.H. (2005).@Proceeding from BHE ’05: Urban Pond: A Landscape of Multiple Meanings.@5th International Postgraduate Research Conference in the Built and Human Environment, The Lowry Centre, Salford.@No$Modi N.R., Mulia N.R. and Dudani S.N. (2013).@Ecological investigations of Shahwadi Wetland.@International journal of pharmacy and life sciences, 4(12), 3193-3199. www.ijplsjournal.com/issues%20 PDF%20files/dec-2013/9@Yes$Buckton S. (2007).@Managing wetlands for sustainable livelihoods at Koshi Tappu.@Danphe., 16(1), 12-13. www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss1/art10/ES-2014-7172.@Yes$Morrisson M.L. (1986).@Bird populations as indicators of environmental changes.@Current Ornithology, 3, 429-451. www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf26/anz26-153-166.pdf@Yes$Kumar A., Tak P.C. and Sati J.P. (2006).@Residential, population and conservation status of Indian wetland birds. Water birds around the world. Eds. G.C. Boere, C.A. Galbraith and D.A. Stroud.@The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK. p. 308.@Yes$O@Bird guilds as indicators of ecological condition in the central Appalachians.@Eco. Appl., 10, 1706-1721. Noss.cos.ucf.edu/papers/O’Connell%20et%20al%202000.@Yes$Flather C.H. and Sauer J.R. (1996).@Using landscape ecology to test hypotheses about large-scale abundance patterns in migratory birds.@Ecology, 77, 28-35. https://science.nature.nps.gov/im/monitor/docs/Flather_1996@Yes$Jokimaki J. and Suhonen J. (1993).@Effects of urbanization on the breeding bird species richness in Finland: A Biogeographical comparison.@Ornis Fenn., 70, 71-77. https://www.ncsu.edu/project/openspace/ biblio/ jokimaki.htm.@Yes$Marzluff J.M., Bowman R. and Donnelly R (2001).@A historical perspective on urban bird research: trends, terms, and approaches.@In: Avian conservation: research and management. Eds. Island Press, Washington, D.C.@Yes$Welty J.C. and Baptista L. (1988).@The life of birds, fourth edition. Saunders College Publishing.@New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Montreal, Toronto, London, Sydney, Tokyo.@No$Ramana A. (2006).@New Bird Discovered in India.@Special Issue of Newsletter Panda. WWF-India Newsletter, India. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/ news/2006/09/060912-new-bird.html.@No$Ali S. and Ripley D.S. (1969).@Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan@Vol III, Oxford University Press, Bombay.@No$Parasharya B.M., Borad C.K. and Rank D.N. (2004).@A checklist of the Birds of Gujarat.@Published by Bird Conservation Society, Gujarat.@No$Padate G.S., Sapna S. and Devkar R.V. (2001).@Status of Birds in Vadodara District (Central Gujarat).@Pavo, 39(1and2), 83-94.@Yes$Padate G.S. and Sapna S. (1996).@Checklist of Birds in and around Harni Pond, an urban wetland near Baroda.@Pavo, 34 (1and2), 95-104.@Yes$Padate G.S., Barve S.A., Garg S., Jatinder K., Patel G.S., Jagirdar N., Sapna S. and Vani N. 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<#LINE#>Zooplankton Diversity of Pandu Lake, Bodhan, Telangana, India<#LINE#>Solanki@V.R.,Lingampally@Vasudha,L.@Mahesh,Raja S.@Sabita <#LINE#>71-74<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Nizam College (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, Nizam College (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, Nizam College (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, Nizam College (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India<#LINE#>3/1/2016<#LINE#>19/2/2016<#LINE#>A study on zooplankton distribution and abundance of Pandu Lake, Bodhan, Telangana, India was conducted during August 2002 to July 2004 to check its trophic status and provide new insights into its ecology. In the Pandu lake the pattern of zooplankton abundance was Rotifera > Ostracoda > Copepoda > Diptera> Cladocera. Among all the zooplankton, rotifers exhibited maximum diversity and population density throughout the study period. Results indicated the eutrophic nature of Pandu Lake.<#LINE#>Solanki VR, Lingampally Vasudha, Uma Sundari U and Raja Sabita S (2015).@Rotifers response to alkalinity and hardness of Pandu lake Bodhan.@Int. J. of Life Sciences, 3(3), 245-248.@No$Avinash B. Gholap (2014).@Species diversity indices of zooplankton from Sadatpur reservoir, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.@Annals of Biological Research, 5(4), 58-61.@No$Leibold M.A., Chase J.M., Shurin J.B. and Downing A.L. (1997).@Species turnover and the regulation of trophic structure.@Annu Rev Ecol Systemat, 28, 467–94.@Yes$Edmondson W.T. (Ed), (1965).@Fresh Water Biology.@John Wiley and sons inc., New York.@No$Solanki VR, Lingampally Vasudha, Uma Sundari U and Raja Sabita S (2015).@Rotifers response to alkalinity and hardness of Pandu lake BodhanInt.@J. of Life Sciences, 3(3), 245-248.@No$Shivashankar P. and Venkataramana G.V. (2013).@Zooplankton Diversity and their Seasonal Variations of Bhadra Reservoir, Karnataka, India.@Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(5), 87-91.@Yes$Pawar S.K. and Pulle J.S. (2005).@Qualitative andquantitative study of zooplankton in Pethwadaj Dam, Nanded district (Maharashtra) India.@Journal of Aquatic Biology, 20(2), 53-57.@Yes$Datta Munshi J. and Datta Munshi J.S. (1995).@Fundamentals of fresh water biology.@Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi, 222.@Yes
@Review Paper
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With respect to the aquatic environment, most nanomaterials interact with natural organic matter (NOM) and other materials found in the aqutic systems that influence the fate and transport of ENPs in water and may also be of significance for their effects on biological systems. This review addresses the better understanding of environmental behavior and fate of ENPs in aquatic environments and their physical and chemical characteristics with toxicity factors.<#LINE#>Matranga V. and Corsi I. (2012).@Toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles in the marine environment: Model organisms and molecular approaches.@Marine Environmental Research, 76, 32-40.@Yes$Shah V. (2010).@Environmental impacts of engineered nanoparticles.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29(11), 2389–2390.@Yes$Xiao X., Fan F-R.F., Zhou J. and Bard A.J. (2008).@Current transients in single nanoparticle collision events.@Journal of American Chemical Society, 130, 16669–166.@Yes$Deng Y-q., White J.C. and Xing B-s. 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