@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Micro-Biological Contamination of Drinking Water in Western Delta of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Mantena@Jagapathi R,Penmetsa@A.R.K. Raju ,Muppidi@S.R.Reddy , Golla @Suri Babu,Kondepudi@Niharika  <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-230.pdf<#LINE#>Water and Environment Technology (WET) Research Centre, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, Bhimavaram– 534204, W.G. Dist. A.P., India @Water and Environment Technology (WET) Research Centre, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, Bhimavaram– 534204, W.G. Dist. A.P., India @Water and Environment Technology (WET) Research Centre, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, Bhimavaram– 534204, W.G. Dist. A.P., India @Water and Environment Technology (WET) Research Centre, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, Bhimavaram– 534204, W.G. Dist. A.P., India @Water and Environment Technology (WET) Research Centre, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, Bhimavaram– 534204, W.G. Dist. A.P., India <#LINE#>27/10/2015<#LINE#>19/9/2016<#LINE#>Drinking water contamination with micro-organisms is a big problem to the people. Most of the diseases are due to water contamination. The major health problem in developing countries is the diarrhea. Other health problems are typhoid fever, cholera and bacillary dysentery. The main contaminant in the drinking water is fecal matter of human and other animals. Fecal indicator bacteria are measured to know the biological contamination of drinking water. Total coliform are the standard by which microbial contamination is measured. Some of the microorganisms present in the water are Escherichia Coli, Cryptosporidium, Anabaena, Rotifers, Copepods, Vibrio, Salmonella, Shigella, Helminthes etc. which are responsible for various health problems. Their cysts and eggs are also causing various health disorders. Chlorine is generally added to drinking water as a disinfectant to kill the pathogenic bacteria. Improper treatment, insufficient dosage and lack of proper maintenance of distribution pipes in many villages and towns make the public water unfit for drinking. In this study to know  the presence of microbiological contamination of treated drinking water; the parameters measured are- Most Probable Number (MPN), Total Fecal Coli form (TFC) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) of water supplied by public and private systems to consumers. The results of the present study shows that only 23% of the Public treated drinking water samples (Panchayat and Municipalities) are fit for drinking with zero MPN values. Even most of the water samples supplied by private organizations including Non-governmental organizations are also not very safe and only 28% are found to be free from pathogenic bacteria.  The mineral water supplied by various organizations after processing through Reverse Osmosis, UV light treatment, Ozonization etc., is also found to be unable to meet the national or international standards in terms of pathogenic bacteria. So resource management, proper treatment and good maintenance of piping system, above all a strong commitment to supply potable water to public are need of the hour. One of the major challenges of the twenty first century is to provide safe drinking water for all.<#LINE#>Roberts Alley E. (2003).@Water Quality Control.@Handbook, 2nd ed. MC Graw-Hill Publications.@No$Ojo O.A., Bakare S.B. and Babtunole A.O. (2010).@Microbial and Chemical Analysis of Potable water in public water supply within Lagos University-OJO.@Afr.j.infect.diseases, 1(1), 30-35.@Yes$Keyser. S.L. (1997).@Microorganisms, Bacteria and Viruses in Drinking Water.@Extoxnet FAQs.@No$Massoud, Al-Abady, Jurdi M. and Nuwayhid I. (2010).@The challenges of sustainable access to safe drinking water in rural areas of developing countries: Case of Zawtan El-charkieh, Southern Lebonon.@J. Environ Health, 72(10), 24-30.@Yes$Joao Cabral P.S. (2010).@Water Microbiology. Bacterial Pathogens and Water.@Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health, 7(10), 3657-370.@Yes$MRWA (2016).@Taste and Odor.@Minnesota rural water association, www.mrwa.com/Water Works Mnl/Chapter/ 2020% 20Taste%20 and %Odor.pdf.@No$Raju Penmetsa A.R.K., Muppidi S.R. Reddy, Popuri Raghuram, Golla Suri Babu and Tenneti Rambabu (2013).@Aquaculture and its impact on ground water in East Godavari District Andhra Pradesh, India-A Case Study.@International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(10), 101-106.@Yes$Cecilia Jortajada and Biswas Asit K. (2013).@Water Quality: An Integrated global Crisis.@New York Times.@No$Handley Andrew (2013).@Microorganisms you can find in Drinking Water.@Listverse.@No$Clescerl Leonore S, Greenberg, Arnold E. and Eaton Andrew D. (2008).@APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water.@20thed., American Public Health Association, Washington DC.@No
<#LINE#>GIS Based Study of Physico-Chemical Properties of River Ganges Water during Post Monsoon Season for Varanasi City, UP, India<#LINE#>Kumar@Vijay ,Maurya@Satya Prakash ,Hadi Hasan@Sayed , Ohri@Anurag <#LINE#>6-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-094.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, India@Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi-221005, India<#LINE#>16/6/2016<#LINE#>21/8/2016<#LINE#>The Ganga river basin facing huge anthropogenic activities and became a most favored site for disposal of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste. In last few decades it has increased the pollution load and hence degraded the water quality to great extent. To assess the water quality fluctuations, a water quality of river Ganga for Varanasi city is conducted during post monsoon season from upstream to downstream. The pollution load on the river was measured at five sampling sites i.e. Ramna as upstream, Samne Ghat, Assi Ghat, Dashashwamedh Ghat as a midstream and Raj Ghat as downstream to evaluate the physico- chemical properties in terms of pH, conductivity, suspended solid, TDS, DO and BOD. The result indicated that Ganga water quality at Varanasi has deteriorated to a large extent because of huge amount of sewage discharge. Lack of sewage treatment plant adds the pollution load. Geographical Information System (GIS), one of the powerful tools to represent and analyze the problem spatially was used in this study to indicate the pollution load at the in Ganga River. GIS can also suggest the optimal site selection for the sewage treatment plant (STP) on the basis of sewage load, quality and geographical conditions.<#LINE#>Yadav R.C. and Srivastava V.C. (2011).@physico-chemical characteristics of water of River Ganga at Ghajipur.@Indian. J.sci. res., 2, 41- 44.@Yes$Behera S.K., Singh H. and Saga V. (2013).@Status of Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga River Basin, India: A review.@Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 16, 425-432.@Yes$Rai B. (2013).@Pollution and conservation of Ganga river in modern India.@International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3, 2250-3153.@Yes$Narain S. (2014).@Ganga: The River, its pollution and what we can do to clean it.@Centre for science and Environment, http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/ganga-the-river-pollution.pdf.@Yes$Trivedi R.C. (2010).@Water Quality of the Ganga River- An Overview.@Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 13, 347-351.@Yes$Gupta S.K. and Deshpande R.D. (2004).@Water for India in 2050: first-order assessment of available options.@Current Science, 86, 1216-1224.@Yes$Chauhan A. and Singh S. (2010).@Evaluation of Ganga Water for Drinking Purpose By Water Quality Index at Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.@Report and Opinion,  2, 953-961.@Yes$Mukharji D., Chatopadhyay M. and Lahiri S.C (1993).@Water Quality of River Ganga (The Ganges) and some of its physico-chemical properties.@The Environmentalist, 13,199-210.@Yes$Singh M. and Singh A.K. (2007).@Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River.@Environ Monit Assess, 129, 421-443.@Yes$Shukla P. and Tripathi B.D. (2012).@River Ganga at Varanasi: The Polluted Purifier.@Life sciences Leafflet, 6, 24-28.@Yes$Thareja S., Choudhury S. and Trivedi P. (2011).@Assesment of Water Quality of Ganga River in Kanpur by Using Principal Component Analysis.@Advances in Applied Sciences and Research, 2, 84-91.@Yes$Shirin S. and Yadav A.K. (2014).@Physico-Chemical Analysis of Municipal Wastewater Discharge in Ganga River, Haridwar District of    Uttarakhand, India.@Current World Environment, 9(2) , 536-543.@Yes$Jaiswal R.K. (2007).@Ganga Action Plan: A Critical Analysis.@Eco Friends, Kanpur, India, http://www.ecofriends.org/main/eganga/images/Critical% 20analysis%20of%20GAP.pdf.@Yes$NGBRA (2011).@NGBRA Programme Framework.@http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/ngrba/NGRBA_Framework.pdf.@No$APHA (1995).@Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater.@19th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.@Yes
<#LINE#>Diversity and Distributional Pattern of Airborne Fungal Spores in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria<#LINE#> Nneka Ezikanyi@Dimphna <#LINE#>13-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-097.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria<#LINE#>20/6/2016<#LINE#>26/8/2016<#LINE#>Spores of fungi contain allergenic protein which elicit allergies in hypersensitive individuals causing; asthma, sneezing, runny nose, mucous production, bronchial diseases etc. Aeromycoflora study of Federal Capital Territory was investigated for twelve calendar months. The research focused on determining the airborne allergenic and pathogenic fungal spores in the ambient environment of the study area. Aerosamples were collected using modified Tauber - like pollen trap.  Results revealed persistent presence of fungal spores throughout the sampling period. Dominant allergenic and pathogenic fungal spores found in the studied aeroflora were Curvularia, Tetraploa, Puccinia, Erysiphe graminis etc. Most fungal spores showed positive though not significant correlation with rainfall.<#LINE#>Gadd M.G. (2006).@Geomycology: Biogeochemical transformstions of rocks, minerals, metals and radionuclides by fungi, bioweathering and bioremediation.@Mycological Research, 111(1), 3-49, doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.12.001.@Yes$Ezike D.N.,   Nnamani C.V., Ogundipe O.T. and Adekanmbi O.H. (2016).@Airborne Pollen and Fungal Spores in Garki, Abuja (North –Central Nigeria).@Aerobiologia, 1-11, DOI 10.1007/s10453-016-9443-5.@Yes$Kay A.B. (2000).@Overview of allergy and allergic disease with a view to the future.@British Medical Bulletin, 56(4), 843-864.@Yes$Agwu C.O.C. (1997).@Modern pollen rain in Nsukka: An indicator of the vegetation of Nsukka Plateau.@Wurzburger Geogr. Arb., 92, 97-115.@Yes$Agwu C.O.C., Njokuocha R.C. and Mezue O. (2004).@The study of airborne pollen and spores circulating at Head level in Nsukka Environment.@Bioresearch, 2, 7-14.@Yes$Mohammad S.H. and Pasha M.K (2012).@Airborne fungal and Pteridophytic spores in Chittagong University Campus, Chittagong.@Journal Asiat Soc Bangladesh Sci, 38(1), 119-124.@Yes$Almager M., Aira M.J., Rodriguez-Rajo J., Fernandez-Gonzalex M. and Rojas-Flores T. (2005).@Thirty –fouridentifiable airborne fungal sporesin Havanna, Cuba.@Annals of Agriculture and Environmental Medicine, 22, 215-220.@Yes$Denning D.W., Pashley C., Hartl D. Wardlaw A., Godet C.,  Giacco  S.D., Laurence Delhaes L. and Sergejeva S. (2014).@Fungal allergy in asthma – state of the art and research needs.@Clin Transl Allergy, 4(14), 1-23, doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-14.@Yes$D’ Amato G.D., Cecchi L., Bonini S., Nunes C., Annesi-Maesano I.,  Behrendt H., Liccardi G., Popov T. and Cauwenberge P.V. (2007).@Allergenic Pollen and Pollen Allergy in Europe.@Allergy, 1111, 1398-1413.@Yes$Chaturvedi R. and Chaturvedi S. (2013).@A brief survey of fungi as Allergen in Respiratory allergic patients by intradermal skin sensitivity Test in Terai Area.@Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 1, 21-23.@Yes$Bush R.K., Jay M.D., Portnoy M.D. and Saxon A. (2006).@The medical effect of mold exposure.@Allergy Clinical Immunology, 117, 326-333.@Yes$Salo P.M., Arbes S.J., Sever M., Jaramillo R., Cohn R.D. and Stephanie J. (2006).@Exposure to Alternaria alternate in US homes is associated with asthma symptoms.@Journal of Allergy Clin Immunology, 118(4), 892-898.@Yes$Escuredo O., Fernández-González M., Iglesias I. and Seijo M.C. (2011).@Effects of Meteorological Factors on the levels of Alternaria spores on a Potato Crop.@International Journal of Biometerology, 10, 234-239.@Yes$Elliot C. and Carole B. (2004).@Fatal cerebral Phaeolyphonycosis due to Curvularia lunata in an immune competent patient.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 25, 471-478.@Yes$Chuba S., Okada S., Suzuki Y., Watanuki Mitsuishi Y., Iqusa R., Sekii T. and Uchiyama B. (2009).@Cladosporium species in related hypersensitivity pneumonitis in household environment.@Intern. Med., 48(5), 353-357.@Yes$Leonard KJ. and Szabo L.J. (2005).@Stem rustbofnsmall grains and grassesbby Puccinia graminis.@Molecular Plant Pathology, 6(2), 99-111.@Yes$Awad A.H. (2005).@Vegetation: a source of air fungal bio-con-taminant.@Aerobiologia 21, 53-61.@Yes
<#LINE#>Characterization of Waste Generated from Drainage Ditch Cleanings<#LINE#>Saha @U.K.,L.Q.@Ma ,Chen @H.,Townsend @T.,Kim @H.,Fayiga @A.O. <#LINE#>20-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-105.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA and University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, Athens, Georgia, USA@Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA@Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA@Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA@Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA@Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA<#LINE#>3/7/2016<#LINE#>8/8/2016<#LINE#>Drainage ditch cleanings is an essential task to prevent flooding and reduce pollution of storm water, which flows into water bodies that serve as fresh water supplies for the populace. Characterization of waste generated from drainage ditch cleanings will provide direction for reuse and disposal options. Seventy-eight drainage ditch waste were sampled from 8 Florida zones through county offices and by direct sampling. Metal concentrations were determined with an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The analysis of 16 priority polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted on a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with UV/Fluorescence detectors. The geometric mean concentrations of the metals are in the order; Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Se>Cd>Mo>As. Concentrations of nickel in all drainage ditch waste samples were below the detection limit of 1 mgkg-1. Average concentrations of all 9 metals tested were much lower than the regulatory Soil Cleanup Target Levels (SCTLs).  However, 6 individual samples had As concentrations above SCTL while Cu concentration was above SCTL in only one sample. The maximum concentrations of PAHs in this study ranged from 0.13 mgkg-1 to 10.5 mgkg-1. Fluoranthene had the highest maximum concentration while benzo(k) fluoranthene had the lowest. The geometric mean concentrations of 16 PAHs were less than the industrial and residential Florida SCTLs except for benzo(a)pyrene which had 12 values exceeding the SCTLs. Overall, waste generated from drainage ditch cleaning appears to be relatively safe for reuse and disposal.<#LINE#>Twisk W., Noordervliet M. and Keurs W.J. (2000).@Effects of ditch management on caddisfly, dragonfly and amphibian larvae in intensively farmed peat areas.@Aquatic Ecology., 34, 397-411.@Yes$Diaz O.A., Lang T.A., Daroub S.H. and Chen M. (2005).@Best Management Practices in the Everglades Agricultural Area: Controlling Particulate Phosphorus and Canal Sediments.@Gainesville, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.@Yes$Sarkkola S., Hökkä H., Ahti E., Koivusalo H. and Nieminen M.(2012).@Depth of water table prior to ditch network maintenance is a key factor for tree growth response.@Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 27(7), 649-658.@Yes$Piirainen S., Domisch T., Moilanen M. and Nieminen M. (2013).@Long-term effects of ash fertilization on runoff water quality from drained peatland forests.@Forest Ecology and Management, 287, 53-66, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.014.@Yes$Tuukkanen T.,  Stenberg L., Marttila H.,  Finér L.,  Piirainen S.,  Koivusalo H. and Klřve B. (2016).@Erosion mechanisms and sediment sources in a peatland forest after ditch cleaning.@Earth Surface Processes and Landforms., DOI: 10.1002/esp.3951.@Yes$USEPA (1995).@Controlling Nonpoint Source Runoff Pollution from Roads, Highways and Bridges.@@No$Wium-Andersen T., Nielsen A.H., Hvitved Jakobsen T. and Vollertsen J. (2010).@Heavy metals, PAHs and toxicity in stormwater wet detention ponds.@Water Science & Technology, NOVATECH, 1-10.@Yes$Adedeji O.H. and Olayinka O.O. (2013).@Heavy Metal Concentrations in Urban Stormwater Runoff and Receiving Stream.@Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 3(7), 141-150.@Yes$Townsend T.G., Jang Y., Thurdekoos P., Booth M., Jain P. and Tolaymat T. (2002).@Characterization of street sweepings, stormwater sediments, and catch basin sediments.@Florida for disposal and reuse. Gainesville, Florida Center Solid Hazardous Waste Management.@Yes$Li X., Poon C. and Liu P. (2001).@Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong.@Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1361-1368.@Yes$Nabulo G., Oryem-Origa H. and Diamond M. (2006).@Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda.@Environmental Research, 101, 42-52.@Yes$Tanee F. and Albert E. (2013).@Heavy Metals Contamination of Roadside Soils and Plants along Three Major Roads in Eleme, Rivers State of Nigeria.@Journal of Biological Sciences, 13, 264-270. DOI:10.3923/jbs. 2013.264.270@Yes$Mafuyai G.M., Kamoh N.M., Kangpe N.S., Ayuba S.M. and Eneji I.S. (2015).@Heavy metals contamination in roadside dust along major traffic road in Jos metropolitan area, Nigeria.@Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 5(5), 48-57.@Yes$Sansalone J.J. and Buchberger S.G. (1997).@Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water.@Journal of Environmental Engineering, 123(2), 134-143.@Yes$Swaileh K.M., Hussein R.M. and Abu-Elhaj S. (2004).@Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Roadside Surface Soil and Vegetation from the West Bank.@Archives Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 47, 23-30.@Yes$Chen M., Ma L.Q. and Harris W.G. (1999).@Baseline concentrations of 15 trace metals in Florida surface soils.@J. Environ. Qual., 28, 1173-1181.@Yes$Marsalek J., Watt W.E. and Anderson B.C. (2006).@Trace metal levels in sediments deposited in urban stormwater management facilities.@Water Sci Technol., 53(2), 175-183.@Yes$Karlsson K., Viklander M., Scholes L. and Revitt M. (2010).@Heavy metal concentrations and toxicity in water and sediment from stormwater ponds and sedimentation tanks.@J Haz. Mat., 178(1-3), 612-618, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.129.@Yes$Weinstein J.E., Crawford K.D. and Garner T.R. (2008).@Chemical and Biological Contamination of Stormwater Detention Pond Sediments in Coastal South Carolina.@Final Project Report, National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.US Department of Commerce.@Yes$Miles C.J. and Delfino J.J. (1999).@Priority Pollutant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Florida Sediments.@J. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63(2), 226-234.Shiaris M.P. and Jambard-Sweet D. (1986). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surficial sediments of Boston Harbour, Massachusetts, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 17(10), 469-472.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessment of Concentration of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water in Assela Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia<#LINE#>Jote@Chali Abate,Desalegn Zeleke@Tegene,Abdo Segne@Teshome <#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-109.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Program, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia@Chemistry Program, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia@Chemistry Program, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia<#LINE#>7/7/2016<#LINE#>11/8/2016<#LINE#>This research was initiated to determine the level of heavy metals in drinking water of Assela town, Ethiopia. Analysis on 5 drinking water samples collected from three River water, and two tap waters was carried out. All the samples were analyzed for seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, and Ni) using FAAS.  The samples were found to contain the following mean concentrations (mg/L) of the heavy metals: Pb (0.001-0.087), Cd (0.0020-0.0067), Cr (0.014-0.101), Fe (0.13-0.55), Co (0.011- 0.073), Zn (0.002-0.34) and Ni (0.006-0.84. Comparison of the results with accepted international standard was carried out. It has been revealed that the concentrations of (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni) in River water, (Pb, Cr, Cd, Co and Ni) in tap water were above the maximum limits recommended by WHO. Whereas Zn in river water and (Fe and Zn) in tap water were below the limits recommended by WHO. The concentrations (Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni) in river water and Pb in tap water were above the maximum limits recommended by USEPA. But the concentrations of (Cr, Co and Zn) in river water and (Cr, Cd, Fe, Co, Zn and Ni) in tap water were not above the maximum limits recommended by USEPA. The concentration levels of (Pb, Cr, Fe and Ni) in river water and (Pb, Cr, Fe and Ni) in tap water were above value recommended by EU. The results of the study clearly presented that there is a threat of pollution hazards in the study area with important human health implications.<#LINE#>WHO (2001).@Water health and human rights.@World Water Day 2001, Available online at http://www. World waterday.org/themtic/ hmnrights.html.@No$Thompson T. (2007).@Chemical safety of drinking water: assessing priorities for risk management.@World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.@Yes$Ikem A., Odueyungbo S., Egiebor N. and Nyavor K. (2002).@Chemical quality of bottled waters from three cities in eastern Alabama.@Sci. Total Environ., 285, 165-175.@Yes$Al -Saleh I. and Al-Doush I. (1998).@Survey of trace elements in households and bottled drinking water samples collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.@The Science of the Total Environment, 216, 181-192.@Yes$Dayal G. and Singh R.P. (1994).@Heavy metal content of municipal solid waste in Agra, India.@Pollut. Res., 13(1), 83-87.@Yes$Seema S., Swati L., Jeena H., Sulbha A. and Katari H.C. (2011).@Potential of Metal Extractants in Determination of Trace Metals in Water Sample.@Advanced Studies in Biology, 3(5), 239-246.@Yes$Tayyeb Z.A, Farid S.M. and Otaibi K.A. (2004).@Trace element concentration of commercially available drinking water in Makkah and Jeddah.@JKAU Eng. Sci., 15, 149-154.@Yes$Patil. P.N, Sawant. D.V. and Deshmukh. R.N. (2012).@Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water - A review.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences., 3(3), 1194-1207.@Yes$Alais C. and Linden G. (1999).@Food Biochemistry.@Aspen Publisher, Inc., Gaithersbury, Maryland, 119-129.@Yes$Mohanty M. and Kumar Patra H. (2013).@Effect of ionic and chelate assisted hexavalent chromium on mung bean seedlings (Vigna Radiata l. Wilczek. Var k-851) during seedling growth.@Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry., 9(2), 232-241.@Yes$Hayelom D. and Gebregziabher B. (2015).@The Level of Heavy Metals in Potable Water in Dowhan, Erop Wereda, Tigray, Ethiopia.@Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5 (3), 191.@No$Donohue Joyce Morrissey, Abernathy Charles O., Lassovszky Peter and Hallberg George (2005).@The contribution of drinking water to total dietary intakes of selected trace mineral nutrients in the United States.@Nutrients in drinking, USA.@Yes$Saiful I. and Hoque M.F. (2014).@Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and health risk assessment.@International Food Research Journal, 21(6), 2121-2126.@Yes$WHO (1998).@Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.@Second edition, Addendum to 2, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information.@No$Shittu A., Chifu E., Ndikilar A.B. and Hafeez Y. (2016).@Assessment of Heavy Metals and Radioactivity Concentration in Drinking Water Collected From Local Wells and Boreholes of Dutse Town, North West, Nigeria.@Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 4(1), 1-8.@Yes$WHO (1996).@Guidelines for drinking water quality.@2nd edition, 1, Recommendations, Geneva.@No$Mohapatra U.K. and Singh B.C. (1999).@Trace metal in drinking water from different sources in the old city of Cuttack.@Indian Jour. of Environ. Health, 41(2), 115-120.@Yes$USEPA (2008).@Drinking water standards and health advisories.@EPA822 - R - 04 - 005, Office of water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.@Yes$Begüm A., Amin M.D.N., Kaneco S. and Ohta K. (2005).@Selected elemental composition of the muscle tissue of three species of fish, Tilapia nilotica, Cirrhina mrigala and Clariusbatrachus, from the fresh water Dhanmondi Lake in Bangladesh.@Food Chemistry, 93, 439-443.@Yes$Arsi Plan and Economic Development Office (2007).@Socio Economic on Arsi zone; Asella, Arsi.@APEDO, 1-105.@Yes$APHA (2005).@Standard methods for examination of water and waste water.@American Public Health Association 21st edition., Washington DC, USA.@No$James N.M. and Jane C.M. (2000).@Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry.@5th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, London, 3, 57-63.@Yes$EU (2011).@EU drinking water standards.@European Union,Europe.@No$ESDMHM (2000).@Malaysia : National Guidelines for Raw Drinking Water Quality.@ESDMHM, Malaysia, (Revised December 2000).@No$Sanayei Y., Ismail N. and Talebi S.M. (2009).@Determination of heavy metals in Zayandeh rood, Isfahan-Iran.@World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(9), 1209-1214.@Yes$ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000).@Australian guidelines for water quality monitoring and reporting.@National Water Quality Management Strategy Paper.@No$BIS (2012).@Indian Standard Drinking Water - Specification.@Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.@No$New Zealand Ministry of Health (1995).@Drinking-water standards for New Zealand.@New Zealand Ministry of Health, Wellington.@No$Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (2000).@Quality Management Strategy Paper No 7.@Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra.@No$Jain S. and Salman S. (1995).@Heavy metal concentration in highly eutrophic lake sediments and overlying water.@Pollut. Res., 14(4), 471-476.@Yes$WHO (2008).@Guidelines for drinking water quality.@World Health Organization, Geneva.@No
<#LINE#>Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Using Mann-Kendall for South Konkan Region<#LINE#>Ingle@P.M. ,Purohit@R.C. ,Bhakar@S.R. ,Mittal@H.K. ,Jain@H.K.,Singh@P.K. <#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-116.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of SWE, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of SWE, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of SWE, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of SWE, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of Agri. Statistics and computer application RCA, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India@Deptt. of SWE, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>17/7/2016<#LINE#>27/8/2016<#LINE#>The study explore trend of short crop ETusing 24 years dataand estimated using method suggested by Penman–Monteith method. The trends analysis was done by Mann–Kendall method and the Sen’s Slope estimator. The study found that the south Konkan region has decreasing trend for all stations except the Harnai station. The magnitude of the trend was high for Wakawali and Mulde stations. The present study is very advantageous for development of existing water assets, irrigation system design, and irrigation scheduling and water balance studies of the study area.<#LINE#>Chen S.B., Liu Y.F. and Thomas A. (2006).@Climatic change on the Tibetan plateau: potential evapotranspiration trends from 1961–2000.@Climatic Change, 76, 291-319.@Yes$Xu C., Gong L., Jiang T., Chen D. and Singh V.P. (2006).@Analysis of spatial distribution and temporal trend of reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in Changjiang (Yangtze River) catchment.@J Hydro, 327, 81-93@Yes$Bandyopadhyay A., Bhadra A., Raghuwanshi N.S. and Singh R. (2009).@Temporal trends in estimates of reference evapotranspiration over India.@J Hydrol Eng., 14(5), 508-515.@Yes$Tabari H., Marofi S., Aeini A., Talaee P.H. and Mohammadi K. (2011).@Trend Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Western Half of Iran.@Agr Forest Meteorol, 151(2), 128-136.@Yes$Shadmani Mojtaba, Safar Marofi and Majid Roknian (2012).@Trend Analysis in Reference Evapotranspiration Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s Rho Tests in Arid Regions of Iran.@Water Resource Manage, 26, 211-224, DOI 10.1007/s11269-011-9913-z.@Yes$Gocic M. and Trajkovic S. (2013).@Analysis of trends in reference evapotranspiration data in a humid climate.@Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59(1), 165-180.@Yes$Koffi Djaman and Ganyo Komla (2015).@Trend analysis in reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in the context of climate change in Togo.@J. of Water and Climate Change., 6(4), 848-864, DOI: 10.2166/wcc.2015.111.@Yes$Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. (1998).@Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper No. 56.@FAO, Rome, Italy.@Yes$Mann H.B. (1945).@Nonparametric tests against trend.@Econometrica.: Journal of Econometric Society, 13, 245-259.@Yes$Kendall M.G. (1975).@Rank Correlation Methods.@Charles Griffin. London.@Yes
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics of Cement Factory and Kiln Feed Dusts in Ashaka, Nigeria<#LINE#>Wufem@B.M.,Maina@H.M., Maitera@O.N., Dass@P.M. <#LINE#>40-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-133.pdf<#LINE#>Chemistry Department, Plateau State University Bokkos, PMB 2012 Jos, Nigeria@Chemistry Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria@Chemistry Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria@Chemistry Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria<#LINE#>9/8/2016<#LINE#>16/9/2016<#LINE#>Cement factory dust (CFD) and Kiln feed dust (KFD) were examined using the indexes of pollution. Mean contamination indexes were calculated for each dusts relative to mean background concentrations of the elements in continental crust. Enrichment factor (EF) result showed significant enrichment of the CFD with Arsenic and Manganese, while Chromium, Iron as moderately enriched. Enrichment trend revealed As > Mn > Fe > Cr > Zn > Co > V.  The result for the KFD indicated mercury, Arsenic, antimony, and Manganese to be significantly enriched and the order of the enrichment follows the pattern Hg > As > Sb > Mn > Zn > Fe > Co > Cr > V for the metals studied. The EF values for Zn, Co and V in CFD and Fe, Cr, Co, and V in KFD were within the deficient range which and the measure of EF for As, Mn, Hg and Sb suggest these metals could be of anthropogenic source. The measure of contamination based on pollution index (PI) for CFD indicated As and Mn to have moderate contamination while Cr, Co, Zn, V, and Fe to be at levels below contamination of significance. The trend of pollution according to the PI occurs in the order As > Mn > Fe > Cr > Zn > Co > V for CFD and Hg  > Cr > As > Sb > Mn  > Zn > Fe > Co > V for KFD. The PI model Categorized Hg, Cr, As and Sb in the KFD as within the medium contamination range. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed CFD to be moderately polluted with As and Mn.  Nevertheless, the trend of Igeo values in CFD increases in the order As >Mn> Fe > Cr > Zn > Co > V and Cr > As > Sb >Mn> Zn > Fe > Co >V > Hg for KFD. According to the Igeo, metal contamination in KFD was categorized into unpolluted to moderately polluted for Cr and As while Sb, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, V, and Hg were classified into practically unpolluted range. The level of contamination of CFD and KFD with heavy metals was generalized by the modified degree of contamination (mCd) model as nil and Pollution load index model classified the dusts as having perfect condition but may require detailed study.<#LINE#>Fairhurst S., Phillips A., Gilles C., Brown R.H. (1997).@Portland cement dust. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit.@London: Health and Safety Executive.@Yes$Zeleke Z.K., Moen B.E. and Brĺtveit M. (2011).@Excessive exposure to dust among cleaners in the ethiopian cement industry.@J Occup Environ Hyg., 8, 544-550.@Yes$Mwaiselage J., Bratveitt M., Moen B. and Yost M. (2005).@Variability in dust exposure in a cement factory in Tanzania.@Ann OccupHyg, 49, 511-519.@Yes$Achternbosch M. and Bräutigam K.R. (2001).@Concentration of wastes in cement kilns—mass balances of selected heavy metals@Proceedings of the International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies, Philadelphia, PA, United States, May 14–18.@No$Quandt S.A., Jones B.T., Talton J.W., Whalley L.E., Galván L., Vallejos Q.M., Grzywacz J.G., Chen H., Pharr K.E., Isom S. and Arcury T.A. (2010).@Heavy metals exposures among Mexican farmworkers in eastern North Carolina@Environ. Research, 110, 83-88.@Yes$IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (1993).@Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry.@IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 58.@Yes$Das P., Samantaray S. and Rout G.R. (1997).@Studies on cadmium toxicity in plants: a review.@Environmental Pollution, 98, 29-36.@Yes$Grimsrud T.K., Berge S.R., Haldorsen T. and Andersen A. (2005).@Can lung cancer risk among nickel refinery workers be explained by occupational exposures other than nickel.@Epidemiology, 16, 146-154.@Yes$Tchounwou P.B., Centeno J.A. and Patlolla A.K. (2004).@Arsenic toxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis e a health risk assessment and management approach.@Mol. Cell. Biochem., 255, 47-55.@Yes$Yoshida T., Yamauchi H. and Fan Sun G. (2004).@Chronic health effects in people exposed to arsenic via the drinking water: dose-response relationships in review.@Toxicol. Appl Pharmacol., 198, 243-252.@Yes$Yoon I.H., Moon D.H., Kim K.W., Lee K.Y., Lee J.H. and Kim M.G. (2010).@Mechanism for the stabilization/solidification of arsenic-contaminated soils with Portland cement and cement kiln dust.@J. of Environ. Manag., 91, 2322-2328.@Yes$International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (1999).@Metals. In Basics of Chemical Safety.@Chapter 7. Geneva:  International Labour Organization. International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre,@No$Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (1991).@Substance data sheet for Occupational exposure to Lead@1910.1025, OSHA, Washington, DC.@Yes$Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2003).@Case studies in Environmental Medicine, Lead toxicity.@http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov /hec/csem/Lead exposure pathways.html.@No$Wuana R.A. and Okieimen F.E. (2011).@Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation.@International Scholarly Research Network: Ecology, 2011, 1-20.@Yes$Kabata-Pendias A. and Pendias H. (2001).@Trace Metals in Soils and Plants.@CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 2nd edition.@No$Pierzynski G.M., Sims J.T. and Vance G.F. (2000).@Soil phosphorus and Environmental quality.@Soils and Environmental Quality., CRC Press, London, UK, 155-207.@Yes$D’Amore J.J., Al-Abed S.R., Scheckel K.G. and Ryan J.A. (2005).@Methods for speciation of metals in soils: a review.@Journal of Environmental Quality, 34(5), 1707-1745.@Yes$Huu H.H., Rudy S. and Damme. A.V. (2010).@Distribution and contamination status of heavy metals in estuarine sediments near Cau Ong Harbour, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.@Geology Belgica, 13, 37-47.@Yes$Abrahim G.M.S. and Parker P.J. (2008).@Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136(1-3), 227-238.@Yes$Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) (2004).@Investors guide: The cement industry in Nigeria.@http://www. pangaeapartners.com/nigjuly/.htm, accessed, April, 2004.@Yes$Wufem B.M., Maina H.M. and Maitera O.N. (2016).@Determination of the Elemental Concentration of Kiln Feed and Cement Factory Dusts using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis.@Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 10(8), 8-13.@No$Kpeglo D.O., Lawluvi H., Faanu A., Awudu A.R., Arwui C.C., Deatanyah P., Wotorchi-Gordon S., Darko E.O., Emi-Reynolds G., Opata N.S. and Baidoo I.K. (2012).@Radiochemical Pollutants Concentration in Ghanaian Cement by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and X-Ray Spectrometry.@Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(1), 99-104.@Yes$Al-Khashman O.A. (2007).@Determination of metal accumulation in deposited street dusts in Amman, Jordan.@Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 29(1), 1-10.@Yes$Bilos C., Colombo J.C., Skorupka C.N. and Presa M.J.P. (2001).@Source, distribution and variability of airborne trace metals in La Plate City area, Argentina.@Environmental Pollution, 111, 149-159@Yes$Klos A., Rajfur M. and Waclawek M. (2011).@Application of enrichment factor (EF) to the interpretation of results from the biomonitoring studied.@Ecolodical Chemistry & Engineering, 18(2), 171-183.@Yes$Fortescue J.A.C. (1992).@Landscape geochemistry – Retrospect and Prospect.@Applied Geochemistry, 7, 1-53.@Yes$Duzgoren-Aydin N.S., Wong C.S.C., Song Z.G., Aydin A., Li X.D. and You M. (2006).@Fate of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Road Dusts and Gully Sediments in Guangzhou, SE China: A Chemical and Mineralogical Assessment Human and Ecological Risk Assessment.@12, 374-389.@Yes$Sezgin N., Ozcan H.K. Demir G., Nemlioglu S. and Bayat C. (2003).@Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Instanbul E-5 high way.@Environ. Int., 29, 979-985.@Yes$Szefer P., Pempkowiak J., Skwarzec B. and Bojanowiski R. (1996).@Distribution and coassociations of selected metals in seals of the Antarctic.@Environmental Pollution, 83, 341-349.@Yes$Sutherland R.A., Tolosa C.A., Tack F.M.G. and Verloo M.G. (2016).@Characterization of selected element concentration and enrichment ratios in background and anthropogenically impacted roadside areas.@Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38, 428-438.@Yes$dos Anjos M.J., Lopes R.T., De Jesus E.F.O., Assis J.T., Cesareo R. and Barradas C.A.A. (2000).@Quantitative analysis of metals in soil using X-ray fluorescence.@Spectrochim. Acta. B., 55, 1189-1194.@Yes$Addo M.A., Darko E.O., Gordon C., Nyarko B.J.B., Gbadago J.K., Nyarko E., Affum H.A. and Botwe B.O. (2012).@Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination of Soil and Vegetation in the Vicinity of a Cement Factory in the Volta Region, Ghana.@International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(1), 40-50.@Yes$Hakanson L. (1980).@An Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control; A sedimentology approach.@Water Research, 14, 975-1001.@Yes$Likuku A.S., Mmolawa K.B. and Gaboutlocloe G.K (2013).@Assessment of heavy metal enrichment and degree of contamination around the copper-nickel mine in the selebiPhikine region, Eastern Botswana.@Environ and Eco. Research, 1(2), 32-40.@Yes$Tomlinson D.L., Wilson J.G., Harris C.R. and Jeffrey D.W. (1980).@Problem in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index.@Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 33, 566-575.@Yes$Zhang and Liu (2002).@Reverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China – Weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes.@Estuary Coast Shelf S., 54, 1051-1070.@Yes$Gupta R.K., Majumdar D., Trivedi J.V. and Bhanarkar A.D. (2012).@Particulate matter and elemental emissions from a cement kiln.@Fuel Process. Technol., 104, 343-351.@Yes$Chen C., Habert G., Bouzidi Y. and Jullien A. (2010).@Environmental impact of cement production: Detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation.@J. Clean. Prod., 18, 478-485.@Yes$Wedephol K.H. (1991).@The composition of the upper earth’s crust and the natural cycles of selected metals; Metals in natural raw materials, natural resources.@Meriam E., (1990), Metals and their compounds in the environment, VCH, Weinheim,  3-17.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Study of Air Pollutant over Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Prakash@Divya , Sharma@Vinod Kumar <#LINE#>47-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-103.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India and Centre of Excellence in Climatology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Jharkhand, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bhiwani (Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India<#LINE#>25/6/2016<#LINE#>13/9/2016<#LINE#>The present study investigates the concentration of air pollutants (SPM, PM10, NO2, SO2) at Ajmeri Gate over Jaipur during the period of 2011-14. The daily and monthly means of SPM, PM10, NO2, SO2 concentrations have been determined from RSPCB air pollution datasets for the year 2011-2014. The PM10 levels at the AG sites are found to exceed the prescribed limits as given by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The value of PM10 and SPM shows the high variability over both sites during the study period. The concentration of PM10 was found higher than the standard value (100 µg/m3) for about 60 % of observations. It was also observed the value of NO2 and SO2 were well below the standard limit.<#LINE#>Dockery D.W. and Pope C. (1994).@Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution.@Annu Rev Public Health, 15, 107-132.@Yes$Pope C.A. (2000).@Review: epidemiological basis for particulate air pollution health standards.@Aerosol Sci Technol, 32, 4-14.@Yes$Central pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2009).@National Ambient Air Quality Standards.@http://www.cpcb.nic.in /National AmbientAir Quality Standards.php, 22-5-14.@Yes$Sirsikar S. and Karemore P. (2015).@Review paper on air pollution monitoring system.@International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 4(2), 218-220.@Yes$Sharma S.K. and Sharma K. (2016).@Ambient Air Quality Status of Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India.@International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 5(1), 43-48, January.@No$Prakash D., Payra S., Verma S. and Soni M. (2013).@Aerosol particle behavior during Dust Storm and Diwali over an urban location in north western India.@Natural hazards, 69(3), 1767-1779.@Yes$Verma S., Prakash D., Ricaud P., Payra S., Attié J.L. and Soni M. (2015).@A New Classification of Aerosol Sources and Types as Measured over Jaipur, India.@Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 15, 985-993.@Yes$Srivastava A.K., Soni V.K., Singh S., Kanawade V.P., Singh N., Tiwari S. and Attri S.D. (2014).@An early South Asian dust storm during March 2012 and its impacts on Indian Himalayan foothills: A case study.@Science of the Total Environment, 493, 526-534.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>The physicochemical seasonal effect on the quality of well drinking water in Lake Chad Basin: Case study Mayo Tsanaga (Far North region of Cameroon)<#LINE#>Ombolo@ A.,Bineli @A.E.,Ewodo @M.G.,Madi @A.,Fita @D.E.,Samba @A.P. <#LINE#>51-60<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-092.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Hydraulic and Water Management, University of Maroua, Cameroon@Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Pedology, University of Maroua, Cameroon@Department of Hydraulic and Water Management, University of Maroua, Cameroon@Department of Agriculture, Livestock and by-products, University of Maroua, Cameroon@Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Pedology, University of Maroua, Cameroon@Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon<#LINE#>11/6/2016<#LINE#>27/8/2016<#LINE#>The Mayo Tsanaga which is located in the far north region Cameroon, shares boundary with Lake Chad basin between 10 ° 30 \'and 10 ° 52\' north latitude and 13 ° 43 \'and 14 ° 37\' east longitude. The majority of the population there uses well water whose quality is unknown in the monsoon season, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal effect on the quality of water of these wells. The methodological approach was based on field work (monthly monitoring of water table, PH variations, temperature, electrical conductivity and redox potential) and those of the laboratory (using various techniques described by chemical studies). The results of chemical analysis shows that the seasonal effect is clearly perceptible for some items. For other items, the seasonal effect is not very noticeable. A third group of elements to which the seasonal effect is perceptible to some wells and not noticeable to others. There is changes of the anionic triangle chemical species and that of the diamond between the two seasons. The analysis of the correlation circle allows to differentiate: the factors positively correlated with and without seasonal effect; variables that are not correlated with and without seasonal effect; the elements are negative correlations with and without seasonal effect. The comparative study of the seasonal piezometry allowed to have the fluctuation of the water table for which changes can be low, medium or high.<#LINE#>PNUD. (2010).@Regional Report of progress of Millennium Development Goals.@National Institute of Statistics, Cameroon, 1-34.@No$Nouvelot J.F. (1973).@Hydrology Mayos of North Cameroon: Case study of Tsanaga.@ORSTOM, Cameroon, 1-302.@No$Ngounou Ngatcha B., Mudry J., Aranyossy J.F., Naah E. and Sarrot Reynault. J. (2007).@Contribution of geology, hydrogeology and environmental isotopes to the knowledge of - piezometric depressions&#8214; of the Grand Yaere (Northern Cameroon).@Rev. Sci. Eau, 20(1), 29-43.@Yes$Wilson Y., Hiroshi S., Festus T.A., Sammuel N.A., Kazuyoshi A., Ajit K.M. and Andrew A.A. (2009).@Hydrochemical and isotopic evidence of recharge, apparent age, and flow direction of groundwater in Mayo Tsanaga River Basin, Cameroon: bearings on contamination.@Environmental Earth Science, 60(1), 107&#8208;120.@Yes$Lieunou G., Sighomnou D., Sigha L., Mahé G., Ekodeck G.E. and Tchoua F. (2003).@Hydrological system Yaéré (Far North Cameroon), climate change and human activities: Impact on balance transfers superficial.@IAHS, 278, 403-409.@Yes$Lieunou G., Mahé G., Paturel J.M., Servat E. and Ekodeck G.E. (2009).@Climate variability and transportation of suspended solids on the Mayo-Tsanaga basin (Far North Cameroon).@Sécheresse, 20(1), 139-144.@Yes$Olivry J.C. (1986).@Rivers of Cameroon, Hydrologic Monography.@ORSTOM, Cameroon, 1-733.@No$Nouvelot J.F. (1973).@Hydrology Mayos of North Cameroon, Case study of Tsanaga.@ORSTOM, Cameroon, 1-302.@No$Segalen P. (1967).@Soils and geomorphology of Cameroon.@ORSTOM, Cameroon, 146-179.@No$Rodier J., Legube B. and Merlet N. (2009).@The Water Analysis.@Dunod, France, 1-1579, ISBN : 978-2-10-054179-9.@No$Sracek O. and Hirata R. (2002).@Geochemical and stable isotopic evolution of the Guarani Aquifer System in the state of Săo Paulo.@Brazil Hydrogeology Journal, 10(6), 643-655.@Yes$Kuitcha D., Fouépé T.A. and Ndjama J. (2013).@Contribution of water chemistry and environmental isotope to the knowledge of groundwater resources in Yaounde, Cameroon.@Journal of Applied Biosciences, 67, 5194-5208.@No$Aranyossy J.F. and Joseph A. (1983).@Geochemical and isotopic studies of aquifers of l’Aďr.@I.A.E.A., Mali, 1-43.@No$Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha and Djoret Daira (2010).@Nitrate pollution in groundwater in two selected areas from Cameroon and Chad in the Lake Chad basin.@Water Policy, 12(5), 722-733.@Yes$Lewa S., Ombolo A. and Loura B.B. (2014).@Chemistry characterization seasonal (low water and rising) and the vulnerability of environmental water resources of retaining mokolo (far north cameroon).@European Scientific Journal, 10(12), 857-871.@No$WHO. (2004).@Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Recommendations.@World  Health  Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 3rd Edition.@Yes$Wilson Y., Hiroshi S., Festus T.A., Sammuel N.A., Kazuyoshi A. and Ajit K.M. and Andrew A.A. (2009).@Hydrochemical and isotopic evidence of recharge, apparent age, and flow direction of groundwater in Mayo Tsanaga River Basin, Cameroon: bearings on contamination.@Environmental Earth Science., 60(1), 107-120.@Yes$Ntep F., Kengne I.M., Ewodo M.G., Nkeze N. and Ekodeck G.E. (2014).@Influence of seasonal dynamics on groundwater resources quality in semi-tropical urban zone: case of the Biyémé upper stream catchment (Yaounde, Cameroon).@Inter. Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8(3), 1319-1335.@Yes$Gouaidia L. (2008).@Influence of lithology and climate conditions on the variation of physicochemical parameters of the water table in a semi- arid zone, case study of water table of Meskiana Northeast Algerian.@University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Algeria, 1-199.@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A Review on Methods available for Removal of Cadmium: with Special Reference to Electroplating Industrial Waste Water<#LINE#>Nair@Sumita,Chandrakar@Madhu,Nandkumar@Preeti<#LINE#>61-66<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-034.pdf<#LINE#>Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg-491001, India@Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg-491001, India@CCET Bhilai-490020, India<#LINE#>24/2/2016<#LINE#>25/8/2016<#LINE#>Electroplating industrial waste contains considerable concentration of some potentially toxic heavy metal wastes. These wastes have toxic effect on environmental flora and fauna. One of the potentially toxic content is the cadmium present in toxic waste. This paper aims to compile the toxic effects of electroplating processing waste and available methods for the removal of cadmium. This paper reviews about the different removal methods available for cadmium and the research studies associated with the topic. The studies of toxic effect of cadmium on different environmental segments are also described.<#LINE#>Universal Enviroscience (1980).@Second Report on the Design of Sewage Treatment Plants for Eight Towns of Punjab.@(unpublished), Prepared by Universal Enviroscience Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, for the World Bank funded project of Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Chandigarh, India.@Yes$Indian Standard Instauration (1975).@Guide for Treatment of Effluents of Electroplating Industry.@IS: 7453- 1974, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi.@Yes$USPHS (1962).@Drinking Water Standards.@USPHS Publication 956, Washington, D.C.@Yes$HYDROFLO (2016).@Typical Applications Electroplating Wastewater.@http://www.hydroflotech.com/Typical%20Applications/Eleetroplating%20Wastewater/Electroplating%20 Wastewater.htm.@No$Visa M. and Du&#355;a A (2008).@Cadmium And Nickel Removal From Wastewater Using Modified Fly Ash: Thermodynamic And Kinetic Study.@Scientific Study & Research, 9, 73-82.@Yes$Boparai H.K., Meera J. and Carroll D.O (2011).@Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nano zerovalent iron particles.@J Hazardous Mater, 15, 1-8.@Yes$Ulmanu M., Elena M, Yolanda F., Leonor C., Ildiko A. and Daniela D. (2000).@Removal of Copper and Cadmium Ions from Diluted Aqueous Solutions by Low Cost and Waste Material Adsorbents.@Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 142, 357-373.@Yes$Maleki A., Mahvi A.H., Zazouli M.A., Hassan I. and Barati A.H. (2011).@Aqueous Cadmium Removal by Adsorption on Barley Hull and Barley Hull Ash.@Asian J of Chemistry, 23, 1373-1376.@Yes$Garg U., Kaur M.P., Jawa G.K., Sud D. and Garg V.K. (2008).@Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on agricultural waste biomass.@Journal of Hazards Mater, 154, 1149-1157.@Yes$Gupta V.K., Jain C.K., Ali I., Sharma M. and Saini V.K. (2003).@Removal of cadmium and nickel from wastewater using bagasse fly ash-a sugar industry waste.@Water Res., 37, 4038-4044.@Yes$Mahvi A.H., Alavi N. and Maleki A. (2005).@Application of Rice Husk and its Ash in Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution.@Pakistan J Biological Science, 8, 721-725.@Yes$Kayal N., Sinhia P.K. and Kundu D. (2010).@Application of chemically modified rice husk for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.@J. Environ Sci Eng., 52, 15-8.@Yes$Zhengjun G., Congcongb T., Luc T. and Jund C. (2011).@Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Peanut.@International Conference on Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Advances in Biomedical Engineering, 3-5.@No$Olowoyo D.N and Garuba A.O. (2012).@Adsorption of Cadmium Ions using activated carbon prepared from Coconut shell, Global Advanced Research.@J Food Science and Technology, 1, 081-084.@No$Tangjuank S., Insuk N., Tontrakoon J. and Udeye V. (2009).@Adsorption of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shells.@World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 28, 110-113.@Yes$Suganthi N. (2012).@Fixed Bed Column Adsorption Studies for Removal of Metal Ions using Tamarind Seeds.@Coromandal Journal of Science, 1, 65-71.@Yes$Suganthi N. and Srinivasan K. (2010).@Phosphorylated tamarind nut carbon for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.@Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 17, 382-388.@Yes$Yavuz O., Guzel R., Aydin F., Tegin I. and Ziyadanogullari R. (2007).@Removal of Cadmium and Lead from Aqueous Solution by Calcite.@Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 16, 467-471.@Yes$Mousavi H.Z. and Seyedi S.R. (2011).@Nettle ash as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of nickel and cadmium from wastewater.@International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 8(1), 195-202.@Yes