@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Heavy metals concentration Assessment in Ground water and General public Health aspects around Granite mining sites of Laxman pura, U.P., Jhansi, India<#LINE#>Kumar@Manjesh,Chandra Subhash@Shwetabh,Jha@Mithlesh Kumar <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-218.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Science, N.S.I.T, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, N.S.I.T, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, INDIA@Department of Civil Engineering, N.S.I.T, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, INDIA<#LINE#>7/10/2015<#LINE#>25/12/2015<#LINE#>Ground water analyzed in granite mining sites at Jhansi to check the current status of heavy metal ions and their sources. Samples of groundwater where collected from various mining sites as well as from residential sites for analysis. In study areas near by 30 crushers were running. The location is situated at 10 km north-east of Jhansi city. Three samples were collected from each mining and residential areas at various distances. Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cd, heavy metal concentrations have been analyzed in groundwater. The results shows all the parameters are more or less within permissible limits of WHO.<#LINE#>Moncur M.C., Ptacek C.J., Blowes D.W. and Jambor J.L.(2005)@Release, transport, and attenuation of metals froman old tailings impoundment@Applied Geochemistry, 20639– 659.@Yes$Duruibe J.O., Ogwuegbu M.O.C. and Egwurugwu J.N.(2007)@Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxiceffects@International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2,112-118.@Yes$Alloway B.J. (1990)@Soil Processes and the Behaviour ofMetals@Son Inc., New York.@Yes$Satyawali Y., Seuntjens P., Van Roy S., Joris I., VangeelS., Dejonghe W. and Vanbroekhoven K. (2011)@Theaddition of organic carbon and nitrate affects reactivetransport of heavy metals in sandy aquifers@Journal ofContaminant Hydrology, 123, 83-93.@Yes$Brown E., Skougstad M.W. and Fishman M.J. (1974)@Method for Collection and Analysis of Water Sample forDissolved Minerals and Gases@US Department ofInterior, Book No., 5.@Yes$Zietz B., Dieter H.H., Lakomek M., Schneider H.,Kessler-Gaedtke B. and Dunkelberg H. (2003)@Epidemiological Investigation on chronic copper toxicityto children exposed via the public drinking water supply@Sci. Tot. Environ., 302, 127-144.@Yes$WHO (2004)@Copper in Drinking-water: BackgroundDocument for development of WHO Guidelines forDrinking-water Quality@World Health Organization,Geneva,http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/copper.pdf (accessed September 8, 2005).@Yes$WHO (1993)@Guidelines for drinking water quality.Volume l Recommendations 2nd edition@World HealthOrganization, Geneva.@No$Pearse T.D. (1996). T.D.@Pearse Resource Consulting@Mining and the Environment, 14.@No$Anon (1993). World Health Organization.@Guidelines forDrinking Water Quality@Geneva.@Yes$WHO (1985).@Guidelines or Drinking water Quality.Volume 3: Drinking water control in small CommunitySupplies@World Health Organization, Geneva.@No$Swaine D.J. (1990).@Trace Elements in Coal@Butterworths, London, 290.@Yes$Balek J. (1977).@Hydrology and water Resources inTropical Africa@Elsevier, Amsterdam.@Yes$O@History and status of zinc in nutrition.@Federation proceedings, 43:2821-2822.@Yes$Jackson MJ et al. (1988).@Stable isotope metabolicstudies of zinc nutrition in slum-dwelling lactatingwomen in the Amazon valley.@British journal of nutrition,59:193-203.@Yes$Gillies ME and Paulin HV (1982).@Estimations of dailymineral intakes from drinking water.@Human nutrition:Applied nutrition, 36, 287-292.@Yes$IPCS Nickel (1991). Geneva, World HealthOrganization@International Programme on ChemicalSafety@(Environmental Health Criteria 108).@Yes$RIVM (1994).@Attention substances in Dutchenvironmental policy. Bilthoven@Rijkinstitut voorVolksgezondheiden Milieuhygiene (National Institute ofPublic Health and Environmental Protection) (Report No.601014).@No$Hopfer SM, Fay WP and Sunderman FW Jr. (1989).@Serum nickel concentrations in hemodialysis patientswith environmental exposure.@Annals of clinicallaboratory science, 19, 161-167.@Yes$Schwenk W. (1992).@Nickel transfer from Cr–Ni stainlesssteel pipe work into potable water@GWF WasserAbwasser, 133, 281., 286.@Yes$Grandjean P, Nielsen GD and Andersen O. (1989).@Human nickel exposure and chemobiokinetics. Nickeland the skin: immunology and toxicology. Boca Raton@FL, CRC Press, Inc., 9-35.@Yes$Sunderman FW Jr et al. (1988).@Acute nickel toxicity inelectroplating workers who accidentally ingested asolution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride.@Americanjournal of industrial medicine, 14, 257-266.@Yes$ATSDR (2000).@Toxicological profile for manganese.Atlanta@GA, United States Department of Health andHuman Services, Public Health Service, Agency forToxic Substances and Disease Registry.@Yes$USGS (2001).@US Geological Survey National WaterQuality Assessment Data Warehouse.@Available athttp://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pls/nawqa/nawqa.home.@No$Hurley LS and Keen CL. (1987). Manganese.@In: MertzW, ed. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition, 5thed. Vol. 1. New York, NY@Academic Press, 185–223.@No$Greger JL (1999).@Nutrition versus toxicology ofmanganese in humans: Evaluation of potentialbiomarkers. Neuro Toxicology@20, 205–212.@Yes$Schroeder HA, Balassa JJ and Tipton IH. (1966).@Essential trace metals in man: Manganese. A study inhomeostasis.@Journal of Chronic Diseases, 19, 545–571.@Yes$Ros JPM and Slooff W. (1987).@Integrated criteriadocument. Cadmium. Bilthoven@National Institute ofPublic Health and Environmental Protection (Report No.758476004).@Yes$Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Vouk VB, eds. (1986).@Handbook of the toxicology of metals. Vol. II.Amsterdam@Elsevier, 130–184.@No$Krajnc EI et al. (1987).@Integrated criteria document.Cadmium — Effects. Appendix. Bilthoven@NationalInstitute of Public Health and Environmental Protection(Report No. 758476004).@Yes
<#LINE#>Biogas Recovery from Sewage Sludge during Anaerobic Digestion Process: Effect of Iron powder on Methane yield<#LINE#>C. Ignace@Agani,Fidèle@Suanon,Dimon@Biaou, Franck@Yovo,A.S. Lyde@Tomètin,Daouda@Mama,Coffi Eni@Azandegbe <#LINE#>7-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-227.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN Beninese Center for Scientifics Research and Technologies (CBRST), 03 BP 1665 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN<#LINE#>20/10/2015<#LINE#>22/11/2015<#LINE#>The management of sewage sludge remains a great challenge in developing countries; as it hinder the development mainly in the big towns. Here we have conducted the anaerobic digestion experiment for recovering methane gas from sewage sludge. Iron power (IP) was applied and its impact of methane yield was investigated. Results showed that sewage sludge is a reservoir of energy in the form of methane gas. Methane recovery was greatly improved by adding IP in the AD reactor, as up to 141917.5 mL kg-1 VS could be recovered when IP is properly used compared to 98783.4 mL kg-1 VS in the blank. More specifically, methane yield was upgraded by 9.2%, 28.6% and 43.6% respectively at the dose rate of 0.3 g IP, 1 g IP and 3 g IP in 300 g of sludge (wet weight). Results also show that over dose concentration of IP (addition of 6 g IP) exercises a strong negative impact on AD process and methane yield.<#LINE#>Igoud S. (2001).@Valorisation des Boues RésiduairesIssues des Stations d’Epuration Urbaines par leurEpandage dans les Plantations Forestières@Rev. Energ.Ren. : Production et Valorisation-Biomasse, 69-74.@No$Mane T.T. and Raskar S.S. (2012).@Management ofAgriculture Waste from Market yard@Res.J.Recent.Sci,1(ISC-2011), 289-296.@Yes$Chu L.B., Yan S.T., Xing X.H., Sun X.L. and Jurcik B.(2009).@Progress and perspectives of sludge ozonation asa powerful pretreatment method for minimization ofexcess sludge production@Water Res. 43, 1811-1822.@No$Gashaw A. (2014).@Anaerobic Co-Digestion ofBiodegradable Municipal Solid Waste with HumanExcreta for Biogas Production: A Review.@Am. J. ofApplied Chemistry, 2, 55-62.@No$Vergara-Fernandez A., Vargas G., Alarcon N. andVelasco A. (2008).@Evaluation of marine algae as asource of biogas in a two-stage anaerobic reactor system@Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 338-44.@Yes$Meng X., Zhang Y., Li Q. and Quan X. (2013).@AddingFe0 powder to enhance the anaerobic conversion ofpropionate to acetate@J. Biochem. Eng, 73, 80- 85.@Yes$Zhang Y., Feng Y., Yu Q., Xu Z. and Quan X. (2014).@Enhanced high-solids anaerobic digestion of wasteactivated sludge by the addition of scrap iron@Bioresour.Technol, 159, 297-304.@Yes$Yang Y., Guo J. and Hu Z. (2013).@Impact of nano zerovalent iron (NZVI) on methanogenic activity andpopulation dynamics in anaerobic digestion@Water Res,47, 6790-6800.@Yes$Ge H., Jensen P.D. and Batstone D.J. (2013).@Pretreatmentmechanisms during mesophilic-thermophilictemperature phased anaerobic digestion of primarysludge@Water Res, 44, 123-130.@Yes$Rubio-Loza A. and Noyola A. (2010).@Two-phase(acidogenic-methanogenic) anaerobic thermophilic/mesophilic digestion system for producing Class Abiosolids from municipal sludge@Bioresour. Technol,101, 576-585.@Yes$Xie S., Lawlor P., Frost J., Hu Z. and Zhan X. (2011).@Effect of pig manure to grass silage ratio on methaneproduction in batch anaerobic co-digestion ofconcentrated pig manure and grass silage@Bioresour.Technol, 102, 5728-33.@Yes$APHA (2005).@Standard Methods for the Examination ofWater and Wastewater, 21st ed.@American Public HealthAssociation, Washington, DC, USA.@Yes$Igesias-Jimérnez E. and pérez-gracía V. (1992).@Relationship between organic carbon and total organiccarbon in municipal solid waste and city refuse composts@Bioressour. technol, 41(3), 265-272.@No$Li X.Q., Brown D.G. and Zhang W.X. (2007).@Stabilization of biosolids with nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)@J Nanopart Res, 9(2), 233-243.@Yes$Cornell R.M. and Schwertmann U. (2003).@The IronOxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrencesand Uses, second ed.@Weinheim Wiley-VCH.@Yes$Tang S.C.N. and Lo I.M.C. (2013).@Z Magneticnanoparticles: Essential factors for sustainableenvironmental applications@Water Res, 47, 2613-2632.@Yes
<#LINE#>Environmental Impact Analysis of Physico chemical Characterization of Landfill leachate from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dump yard in Dharapuram Town, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>selvan K@Senthamil,Palanivel@M,R@Jayakumar,Jennifer A@Sherly <#LINE#>13-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-228.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Jansons Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, INDIA@Department of Environmental Sciences, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, INDIA@Department of Environmental Sciences, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, INDIA@Department of Environmental Sciences, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, INDIA<#LINE#>20/10/2015<#LINE#>26/11/2015<#LINE#>This paper discusses the physico chemical characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfilling site of Dharapuram town, Tirupur district, Tamilnadu, India. Leachate samples were collected in and around the dump yard and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. The parameters were performed by following the standards of APHA, 2012. This research work aims to serve as a baseline data for the implementation of the most suitable technique and methods for reducing the negative environmental effects of discharging leachate in to soil. The present study on leachate analysis indicates that the quality of ground water was contaminated due to disposal of municipal solid waste at dumping yard. It was confirmed by the high Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, COD and BOD values for both the seasons. The remaining parameters are also show the increase in concentration and the presence of heavy metal in the leachate samples are found at moderate concentration levels in all the leachate samples.<#LINE#>Sujauddin M., Huda M.S. and Rafiqul Hoque A.T.M.(2008).@Household solid waste characteristics andmanagement in Chittagong, Bangladesh@Journal ofWaste Management, (28), 1688–1695.@Yes$Burntley S.J. (2007)@A review of municipal solid wastecomposition in the United Kingdom@Journal of WasteManagement, 27 (10), 1274–1285.@Yes$Barrett A and Lawlor J. (1995).@The economics of wastemanagement in Ireland.@Dublin: Eco- nomic and SocialResearch Institute,129@Yes$Denison R.A. and Ruston J.F. (2000).@Anti-recyclingmyths. In: Secretariat, I.G. (Ed.), International Directoryof Solid Waste Management 2000/2001.@James and JamesLtd., Copenhagen, 480.@No$Farquhar G.J. (1989).@Leachate: production andcharacterization@Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering16, 317–325.@No$Telkapalliwar N.G. and Shende B.B. (2011).@@J. Chem.Pharm. Res., 3(1), 176-179.@No$Dave R.S., Vedia S.D., Acharya D.G., Jani G.R. andMachhar M.T. (2011).@@J. Chem. Pharm.Res., 3(1), 238-241.@No$Turkar S.S., Bharti D.B. and Gaikwad G.S. (2011).@@J.Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(2), 58-65.@No$Nidhi Saxena S.N., Misra and Shukla R.N. (2011).@@J.Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(2), 162-167.@No$Dattatraya Bharti, Isub Ali Sayyad, Gaikwad G.G.,Taikar D.R. and Dhore J. (2011).@@J. Chem. Pharm. Res.,3(2), 922-927.@No$Banar M., Ozkan A. and Altan M. (2009).@Modelling ofheavy metal pollution in an unregulated solid wastedumping site with GIS research.@J Environ Earth Sci,1(2), 99–110.@Yes$Kanmani S. and Gandhimathi R. (2012).@Assessment ofheavy metal contamination in soil due to leachatemigration from an open dumping site@Appl Water Sci, 3,193–205.@Yes$APHA (2012).@Standard Methods for Examination ofWater and Wastewater@22nd Edition, American PublicHealth Association, Washington, DC.@Yes$Chu L.M., Cheung K.C. and Wong M.H. (1994).@Variations in the chemical properties of landfill leachate@Environ. Manage, 18 (1), 105-117.@Yes$Barjinder Bhalla, Saini M.S. and Jha M.K. (2012).@Characterization of Leachate from Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) Landfilling Sites of Ludhiana, India: AComparative Study@International Journal of EngineeringResearch and Applications, 2(6), 732-745.@Yes$Christensen T.H., Kjeldsen P. and Kjeldsen P. (2001).@Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes@AppliedGeochemistry, 16(7-8), 659-718.@Yes$Abbas A. A., Jingsong G., Ping L. Z., Ya P.Y. and AlRekabiW.S. (2009).@Review on landfill leachatetreatments@Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5(5),534-545.@Yes$Bohdziewicz J. and Kwarciak A. (2008).@The applicationof hybrid system UASB reactor-RO in landfill leachatetreatment@Desalination, 222(1-3), 128-134@Yes$Al-Wabel M.I., Al Yehya W.S., AL-Farraj A.S. and ElMaghrabyS.E. (2011).@Characteristics of landfillleachates and bio-solids of municipal solid waste (MSW)in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia@Journal of the SaudiSociety of Agricultural Sciences, 10, 65–70.@Yes$Koshy L., Jones T. and BeruBe K. (2008).@Bioreactivityof municipal solid waste landfill leachates-Hormesis andDNA damage@Water Research, 42 (8-9), 2177-2183.@No$Tatsi A.A., Zouboulis A.I., Matis K.A. and Samaras P.(2003).@Coagulation-flocculation pre treatment of landfillleachate@Chemosphere, 53(7), 737-744.@Yes$Tchobanoglous G., Theisen H. and Vigil S.A. (1993).@Integrated solid waste management engineeringprinciples and management issues (1st ed.)@New York:McGraw-Hill.@No$El-Fadel M., Bou-Zeid E., Chatrive W. and Alayli B.(2002).@Temporal variation of leachate quality from presortedand baled municipal solid waste with high organicand moisture content@Waste Management, 22, 269-282.@Yes$Zazouli M.A., Maleki A. and Izanloo H. (2010).@Assessment of raw leachate characteristics and itspretreatment by Lime@Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22,6155–6163.@Yes$Crawford J.F. and Smith P.G. (1985).@LandfillTechnology. Butterworths@London, pp. 8485 (chapter4.).@No$Bilgili M.S., Demir A. and Bestamin O. (2007).@Influence of leachate recirculation on aerobic andanaerobic decomposition of solid wastes.@J HazardMater, 143, 177–183.@Yes$Deng Y. and Englehardt J.D. (2006).@Treatment oflandfill leachate by the Fenton process@Water Research,40(20), 3683-3694.@Yes$Shivakumar D., Thandaveswara B.S. andChandrasekaran K.D. (2004).@Solid waste leachatequality and its effects on soil properties@PollutionResearch, 23(1), 69-81.@Yes$Seo D.J., Kimb Y.J., Hama S.Y. and Lee D.H. (2007).@Characterization of dissolved organic matter in leachatedischarged from final disposal sites which containedmunicipal solid waste incineration residues@J HazardMater, 148, 679–692.@Yes$Al-Yaqout A.F. and Hamoda M.F. (2003).@Evaluation oflandfill leachate in arid climate-A case study@EnvironInt., 29, 593–600.@Yes$Jensen D.L., Ledin A. and Christensen T.H. (1999).@Speciation of heavy metals in landfill-leachate pollutedgroundwater@Water Res, 33, 2642–2650.@Yes$Aziz H.A., Yusoff M.S., Adlan M.N., Adnan N.H. andAlias S. (2004).@Physico-chemical removal of iron fromsemi-aerobic landfill leachate by limestone filter@WasteManag. 24, 353-358.@Yes$Mor S., Ravindra K., Dahiya R.P. and Chandra A.(2005).@Leachate characterization and assessment ofgroundwater pollution near municipal solid Wastelandfill site@Environ Monit Assess., 118, 435–456.@Yes$Moturi MCZ., Rawat M. and Subramanian V. (2004).@Distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in solidwaste from selected sites in the industrial belt of Delhi,India.@Environ Monit Assess., 95, 183–199.@Yes
<#LINE#>Adsorptive removal of Methylene blue using Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Leaf<#LINE#>Bhattacharjee@Shubhra <#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-233.pdf<#LINE#>Auditor – Social Compliance, TGT Asia Sourcing, BANGLADESH<#LINE#>28/10/2015<#LINE#>6/12/2015<#LINE#>The use of eco friendly and low cost adsorbents were studied as an alternative substitution of activated carbon for removal of dyes from wastewater. Laboratory investigation was done to identify the effectiveness of Azadirecta indica leaves (Neem) to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution. Neem leaves were dried in a thermostatic oven at 105oC for 24 hours. These leaves ground into fine powder with 10-15um mesh size. 1 gm/ 10 lt, 2 gm/ 10 lt, 3 gm/ 10 lt, 4 gm/ 10 lt and 5 gm/ 10 lt working solution were prepared by serial dilution of stock solution. It was noted that percentage of adsorption increased from 43.2% to 80.1% with increased amount of adsorbent. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied and R2 value was calculated which shows, Langmuir adsorption is a good fit for the experimental data. The result shows that the 80.1 % colour removal efficiency was achieved at the dose of 5 gm/10lt.<#LINE#>Allen S.J., McKay G. and Porter J.F. (2004).@Adsorptionisotherm models for basic dye adsorption by peat insingle and binary component systems.@J. ColloidInterface Sci. 280(2), 322–333.@Yes$Webber E. and Wolfe N.L. (1987).@Kinetics studies ofreduction of aromatic azo compounds in anaerobicsediment/water systems.@Environ Toxicol Chem, 6, 911-920.@Yes$McKay G., Otterburn M.S. and Sweeney A.G. 1985.@Fullers earth and fired clay as adsorbents for dye stuffs–Equilibrium and rate studies@Water Air Soil Pollut, 24,147-161.@Yes$Robinson T., McMullan G., Marchant R. and Nigam P.(2001).@Remediation of dyes in textile effluent; a criticalreview on current treatment technologies with a proposedalternative.@BioresourTechnol, 77, 247-255.@Yes$Rana J. and Singh L. (2014).@A comparative adsorptionstudies on rice husk ash@activated rice husk and neemleaves by using methylene blue as dye. J. Chem MaterRes. 1(3), 60?64.@No$Pandhare G.G., Trivedi N., Rajesh Pathrabe R. andDawande S.D. (2013).@Adsorption of color from a stocksolution using neem leaves powder as a low-costadsorbent.@Int J. Eng Sci and Emerg Tech, 5(2), 97-103.@Yes$Arafath M.A., Hossain M., Alam S.S. and Sourav R.(2013).@Studies on adsorption efficiency and kinetics ofdye removal from textile effluent using some natural bioadsorbent.@Int J. Sci Eng Tech, 2(9), 853-856.@Yes$Mittal A., Malviya A., Kaur D., Mittal J. and Kurup L.(2007).@Studies on the adsorption kinetics and isothermsfor the removal and recovery of Methyl Orange fromwastewaters using waste materials.@J. Hazard, Mater,148, 229-240.@Yes$Anjanyeulu Y., Sreedhara N., Chary D. and Samuel S.R.2005.@De-colourization of industrial effluents-availablemethods and emerging technologies- A review@Rev.Environ. Sci. Biotechno, 4, 245-273.@Yes$Bhattacharyya K.G. and Sharma A., 2005.@Kinetics andthermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption onneemleaf powder.@Dyes and Pigments, 65, 51-59.@No$Walker G.M. and Weatherley L.R. (1998).@Fixed bedadsorption of acid dyes onto activated Carbon.@Env Pollu.99, 133-136 .@Yes$Arafath M.A., Hossain M., Alam S.S. and Sourav R.(2013).@Studies on adsorption efficiency and kinetics ofdye removal from textile effluent using some natural bioadsorbent.@Int. J. of Sci Eng and Tech, 2(9), 853-856.@Yes$Durairaj S. and Durairaj S. (2012).@Colour removal fromtextile industry wastewater using low cost adsorbents.@IntJ. of Che, Env and Pharm Res, 3(1), 52-57.@No$Gopalakrishnan S., Kannadasan T., Velmurugan S.,Muthu S. and Vinoth K.P. (2013).@Biosorption ofchromium (VI) from industrial effluent using neem leafadsorbent.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 3(4), 48-53.@Yes$Namasivayam C., Muniasamy N., Gayatri K., Rani M.and Ranganathan K. (1996).@Removal of dyes fromaqueous solution by cellulosic waste orange peel.@Bioresour Tech, 57, 37-43.@Yes$Namasivayam C., Prabha D. and Kumutha M. (1998).@Removal of direct red andacid brillant blue byadsorptiononto banana pith.@Bioresour Tech, 64, 77-79.@Yes$Kavitha K. and Senthamilselvi M.M. (2014).@Adsorptiveremoval of methylene blue using the natural adsorbentVitexnegundo Stem.@Int J. Curr Res Aca Rev, 2(9), 270–280.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Gamma Dose Rate level round Dalanj area, South Kordofan - Sudan<#LINE#>Fadol@Nooreldin,Isam@Salih,Elfaki@Ahmed,Idriss@Hajo <#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-242.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, University of Bule Nile, SUDAN@Deparment of Physics, Taibah University, AL-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, SAUDIA ARABIA, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, PO Box 3001, Khartoum, SUDAN@Department of Physic, Faculty of Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology, SUDAN@Committee on Radiation and Environmental Pollution Protection, Al Imam Mohammad IbnSaud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAUDIA RABIA, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, PO Box 3001, Khartoum, SUDAN<#LINE#>17/11/2015<#LINE#>17/12/2015<#LINE#>This study was carried out to asses natural environmental radioactivity level and estimation gamma absorbed dose rates in soil and foodstuff samples collected round the Dalanj area, South Kordofan. By using (&gamma; -spectroscopy)with NaI (Tl) detector, the activity distribution of radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K was to be22.08 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup>, 28.99 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup>, 1.38 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup> and 319.16 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup> in soil samples. On the other hand the activity distribution of radionuclide 238U, 232Th and 40K fallout nuclide137C in Foodstuff samples was to be 4.67Bqkg<sup>-1</sup>, 4.49 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup>, and 326 Bqkg<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Evaluation of radiological absorbed dose rates and annual effective dose was determined. For the Soil sample were found in the range (26.78 to33.78) nGyh<sup>-1</sup> with an average value of 31 nGyh<sup>-1</sup>, and.(32.86 to 41.47) µSvy<sup>-1</sup> with an average value of 39.81 µSvy<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Corresponding for Foodstuff samples ranged from (4.08 to 8.48) nGyh<sup>-1</sup> with an average value of 6.16 nGyh<sup>-1</sup> and (5.01 to 10.37) µSvy<sup>-1</sup> with an average value of 7.56 µSvy<sup>-1</sup> respectively. However, the results indicate the radioactivity level in the surveyed area was less than the global data reported in the UNSCEAR publications for normal background areas soil and Food stuff<#LINE#>Mohammed Thabayneh and Mohanad MohammedJazzar. (2012).@Natural Radioactivity Levels andEstimation of Radiation Exposure in Environmental SoilSamples from Tulkarem@Province-Palestine, OpenJournal of Soil Science, 2, 7-16.@Yes$Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei., Mehrdad Gholami andSamaneh Setayandeh. (2013).@A review on naturalbackground radiation@J. Advanced BiomedicalResearch., 2(65).@Yes$Junior J.A.S., Cardoso J.J.R.F., Silva C.M., Silveira S.Vand Amaral R.S. (2006).@Determination of radionuclidesin the environment using gamma spectrometry@Journalof Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 269(2), 451-455.@Yes$Hatem Eltayeb Fadlalla Hemada. (2005).@Radioactivitylevels of basic foodstuffs and dose estimates in Sudan@MSc Thesis, Sudan Academy of Sciences (SAS), AtomicEnergy Council, Sudan.@Yes$Einas H.O., Salih I and A. Khatri Sam. (2012).@GISmapping and assessment of terrestrial gamma-radiationin Northern state@J. Radiation Protection Dosimetry,151(3), 1-11.@No$Babiker A.A., Ahmed M.M.O., Elamin. E. and Sam A.K.(2000).@Measurements of some natural radionuclides inElgash Area (Sudan).@In Proceedings of the Fourth ArabConference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,Tunis, 14 to 18 November 1998 (Tunis: Arab AtomicEnergy), IV, 443-455.@No$Sam A.K H and Moawia M. Elmahadi. (2007).@Assessment of Absorbed Dose Rate in air over plowedarable lends in Sinner state, Central Sudan.@Journal ofRadiation Protection Dosimetry, 129(4), 473-7.@Yes$Sam A.k., Sirelkhatim D.A., Hassona R.k., Hassan R.K.,Hag Musa E and Ahamed M.M.O. (2002).@Assessment ofGamma Dose Rate over a Suspected UraniumMineralization Area of Jebel Mun, Western Sudan@Journal of Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 102(2), 169-174.@Yes$Sam A.K and Awad Al-Geed A.M.M. (2000).@Radiological evaluation of gold mining activities in ariab(eastern Sudan)@J. Radiat. Prot. Dosim, 88(4), 335-340.@Yes$Nooreldin Fadol, Isam Salih, Hajo Idriss, Ahmed Elfakiand Adam Sam. (2015).@Investigation of NaturalRadioactivity levels in Soil Samples from NorthKordofan, Sudan@Research Journal of Physical Sciences,3(7), 1-9.@No$UNSCEAR (2000).@United Nations Scientific Committeeon the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Sources, effects andrisks of ionizing radiation.@Report to the GeneralAssembly, with Scientific Annexes, New York, UnitedNations.@Yes$UNSCEAR (1993). United Nations Scientific Committeeon the Effects of Atomic Radiation.@Sources and effectsof ionizing radiation.@Report to the General Assembly,with Annexes, English, Publishing and library section,United Nations office.@Yes
<#LINE#>Diversity of Zooplankton and their Seasonal Variations of Gogi Lake, Shahapur taluk, Yadgir district, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Khan@YD Imran,Nautiyal@Sunil,Tikhile@Pavan,Vani@Sastry,Bhaskar@K. <#LINE#>32-38<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-246.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change, 560 072, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA@Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change, 560 072, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA@Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change, 560 072, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA@Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change, 560 072, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA@Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change, 560 072, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>17/11/2015<#LINE#>24/12/2015<#LINE#>Zooplanktons are microscopic organisms that have a criticcal role in aquatic ecosystems. Zooplanktons are indicators of water quality and purity of aquatic ecosystems. The present study was carried out to study the species diversity and their seasonal changes in fresh water lake ecosystem located in semi-arid region of Karnataka. The study was conducted across the seasons of the year 2012. A standard methodology was followed during this study and the samples were collected during various seasons from the studied aquatic ecosystem. We recorded a total of 22 species of zooplanktons during the study period. Phylum Rotifers comprises 15 species, Cladocera 3, Copepoda 3 and Ostrocoda 1 species. A season wise analysis shows the maximum number of species during summer and the minimum number of species in rainy season. Species density was recorded high during summer season as compared to rainy season. The lake is shelter to many migrating bird species, fishes, aquatic plants and other insects. The lake is surrounded by human settlements and is prone to pollution due to several activities viz. washing clothes, bathing animals, dumping domestic waste and other similar activities. In this regard, urgent actions are required to conserve the aquatic biodiversity of this lake.<#LINE#>Scott S. (2015)@How Lakes differ in Lake Scientist@Retrieved online at: http://www.lakescientist.com/lakefacts/how-lakes-differ/.On 23 August 2015 (Online).@No$Oertli B., Jeremy biggs J., Céréghino R., Grillas P.,JOLY P. and Jean-bernard lachavanne J.B. (2005).@Conservation and monitoring of pond biodiversity:introduction@. Aquatic Conservation: Marine andFreshwater Ecosystems., 15(6), 535-540.@Yes$Lalli C.M. and Parsons T.R. (1997).@BiologicalOceanography an Introduction@(2nd edition). Elsevier,Burlington 314.@No$Harris R.P., Wiebe P.H., Lenz J., Skjoidal H.R. andHuntley M. (2000).@ICSE-Zooplankton methodologymanual@Academic Press, London, UK. 684.@No$Singh A., Sharma S.K., Mishra V. and Singh E. (2015).@Freshwater Zooplankton: An introduction and Their Rolein Aquaculture@. Retrieved online at:aquafind.com/articles/Role_of_Zooplankton.php. on 23August 2015 (Online)@No$Tiwari R.P., Tripathi K. and Sahu R. (2011).@Studies onmonthly population of total zooplanktons and theircorrelation coefficient with physicochemical factors ofLony dam Theonthar@Rewa (M.P.). Ind J Biol Stud Res.,1(1), 33-38.@No$Sehgal K., Phadke G.G., Chakraborty S.K. and ReddyS.V.K. (2013).@Studies on Zooplankton Diversity inDimbhe Reservoir, Maharashtra@India. Advances inApplied Science Research, 4(1), 417-420.@No$Shivashankar P. and Venkataramana G.V. (2013).@Zooplankton diversity and their seasonal variations ofBhadra reservoir, Karnataka@India. Int. Res. J. ofEnvironment Sci., 2(5), 87-91.@Yes$Sakhare V.B. (2007).@Reservior Fisheries andLimnology.@Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi,India.@No$Mishra A., Srivastava A. and Singh U.P. (2003).@Limnological studies of fish ponds in Tarai Region ofUttar Pradesh.@Environment and Ecology., 21(3), 623-627.@Yes$Rocha O., Matsumura-tundisi T., Espindola E.L.G.,Roche K.F. and Rietzler A.C. (1999).@Ecological theoryapplied to reservoir zooplankton.@In: Theoreticalreservoir ecology and its application Eds. J.G. Tundisiand M. Straskraba. Internat Inst. Ecol., Sao Carlos., 457-476.@Yes$Basavarajappa S.H., Raju N.S., Hosmani S.P. andNiranjana S.R. (2010).@Algal diversity and Physicochemicalparameters in Hadhinaru Lake@Mysore,Karnataka state, India. The Biosca., 5(3), 377-382.@Yes$Karthick B. (2010).@Ecology of Stream DiatomCommunities central western ghats.@Ph.D thesis,University of Mysore, Mysore.@Yes$Rajashekhar M., Vijaykumar K. and Parveen Z. (2009).@Zooplankton diversity of three freshwater lakes withrelation to trophic status, Gulbarga district@North-EastKarnataka, South India. International journal of systemsBiology, 1(2), 32-37.@Yes$Bhaskar K., Nautiyal S., Khan Y.D.I. and Rajanna L.(2015)@A preliminary study on Phytoplankton in Freshwater-Lake of Gogi@Yadgir district, Karnataka.International journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 2030-2037.@No$APHA (1998).@Standard Methods for the Examination ofWater and Waste water@(20th edition). American PublicHealth Association, Washington DC.@Yes$Pennak R.W. (1978).@Freshwater invertebrates of theUnited states.@John Wiley and Sons, New York.@No$Altaff K. (2003).@A Manual of Zooplankton.@Departmentof Zoology, The New College, Chennai.@Yes$Battish S.K. (1992).@Freshwater Zooplankton of India.@Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,India.@Yes$Edmondson W.T. (1959).@Freshwater Biology@(2ndedition). John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1248.@Yes$Kurian C.V. (1982)@Sebastian V.O.Prawns and PrawnFisheries of India.@Hindustan Publishing Corporation,New Delhi, India. 286.@Yes$Needham J.G. and Needham P.R. (1966).@A guide to thestudy of fresh water biology@(5th edition). Holden DayInc., San Francisco, California, USA. 104.@No$Sharma B.K. (1998).@Rotifera. In: Faunal diversity ofIndia. Eds. J.R.B. Alfred., A.K. Das and A.K. Sanyal.@Envis center, Zoological Survey of India, 57-70.@No$Sharma B.K. and Sharma S. (2000).@Fresh water Rotifers(Rotifera: Eurotatoria)@. In. State Fauna Series: Fauna ofTripura, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 7(4), 163-224.@Yes$Hutchinson G.E. (1967).@A Treatise on Limnology@Vol.II: Limnoplancton. Wiley, New York. 1015.@Yes$Sampio E.V., Rocha O., Tundisi T.M. and Tundisi J.G.(2002).@Composition and abundance of zooplankton inthe limnetic zone of seven reservoirs of the paranapanama river@Brazil. Braz. J. Biol, 62(3), 525-545.@No$Neves I.F., Rocha O., Roche K.F. and Pinto A.A. (2003).@Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakesof the river Cuiaba (Mato grass, Brazil) with analysis ofrotifer and cladocera diversity.@Braz. J. Biol., 63(3), 329-343.@No$Schindler D.W. and Noven B. (1971).@Verticaldistribution and seasonal abundance of zooplankton intwo shallow lakes of the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario@J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28, 245-256.@Yes$Saksena D.N. and Sharma S.P. (1981). Zooplanktonfauna of some lentic water of Gwalior@Govinda sagar,Chhattri tankSawarkar Sarovar and Matsya Sarovar.Environment India. 13-17.@undefined@No$Nandan S.B. and Azis P.K.A. (1994).@Organic matter ofsediments from the retting and the non-retting areas ofKadinamkulam estuary@Southeast coast of India. Ind JMar Sci. 25, 25-28.@No$Farshad H. and Venkataramana G.V. (2012).@Impact ofPhysico-Chemical Parameters of Water on ZooplanktonDiversity in Nanjangud Industrial Area, India.@Int. Res. J.Environment Sci. 1(4), 37-42.@Yes$Singh S.P., Pathak D. and Singh R. (2002).@Hydrobiological studies of two ponds of Satna (M P)@India. Eco. Environ. Cons. 8, 289-292.@Yes$Edmondson N.T. (1965).@Reproductive rates ofplanktonic rotifers related to food@temperature in nature.Ecol. 5, 61-68.@Yes$Qadri M.Y. and Yousuf A.R. (1980).@Limnologicalstudies on Lake Malpur sar1.@The Biotope Geo bios. 117-119.@Yes$Patil C.S. and Gouder B.Y.M. (1989).@Freshwaterinvertebrates of Dharwad (Karnataka state, India)@.Prasaranga Karnatak University, Dharwad, India. 144.@Yes$Sunkad B.N. and Pail H.S. (2004).@Water qualityassessment of Fort Lake of Belgaun, Karnataka withspecial reference to zooplankton.@J. Envion. Biol., 25(1),99-102.@Yes$Watkar A.M. and Barbate M.P.@Studies on ZooplanktonDiversity of River Kolar Saoner, Nagpur District,Maharashtra.@J. Life Sci. Technol. 1(1), 26-28 (2013)@Yes
<#LINE#>Effect of Anthropogenic activities on the Physico-chemical quality of River Rapti at Gorakhpur, India<#LINE#>Kushwaha@Veena B.,Agrahari@Mugdha <#LINE#>39-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-268.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273008, U.P., INDIA@Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273008, U.P., INDIA<#LINE#>10/12/2015<#LINE#>23/12/2015<#LINE#>Anthropogenic activities on the banks of river in India like prayers, laundry, washing dishes and bathing strongly influence the hydrology and chemistry of river. These human activities lead to addition of tons of soaps and detergents in the river as the anthropogenic pressure on Rapti catchment is comparatively high near Gorakhpur city. The present investigation was therefore conducted to study the effect of these organic compounds coming from an area on the bank of river marked for washing clothes by the professionals (Dhobi ghat) on the physico chemical properties river Rapti. The results indicate a significant increase in the level of pH, total dissolved solids, chlorides, sulphate, free carbon dioxide, nitrate, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, hardness, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand and a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen.<#LINE#>Hathi D. (2007).@Meet the House Cleaning Brigade@Spectrum. The Tribune.@Yes$Frydendall E. (2009).@How Laundry Detergent Works@(Retrieved on January 15, 2011) fromhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/laundrydetergent.htm.@No$Ghai V.U. (2010).@Soap Nut Detergent – The Best HEDetergent@(Retrieved on November 29 2010) fromhttp://www.ezine articles.com.@No$Goel G. and Kaur S. (2012).@A study on chemicalcontamination of water due to household laundrydetergents.@J. Hum. Ecol, 38(1): 65-69.@Yes$A.P.H.A. (1976).@Standard methods for the examinationof water and waste water (14th Ed.)@American PublicHealth Association, New York.@Yes$Ya Xul. (1996).@Toxic effects of alkyl benzene sodiumsulphonate on incubation of carp eggs in Dianchi lake.@Geo Journal, 40(1-2), 229-232.@No$Das R., Samal N.R., Ray P.K. and Mitra D. (2006).@Roleof electrical conductivity as an indicator of pollution inshallow lakes.@Asian J. Water. Env. Pollu., 3(1), 143-146.@Yes$Agrahari M. and Kushwaha V.B. (2012).@Effect ofdomestic sewage on the physico-chemical quality of riverRapti at Gorakhpur. Bioscan@7(1), 135-138.@Yes$Mahor R.K. (2011).@Limnological study of fresh waterreservoir Tighra, Gwalior (M.P.)@. Int. Referred ResearchJournal, 1(17), 47-48.@No$Iqbal P.J., Pandit A.K. and Javeed J.A. (2006).@Impact ofsewage waste from settlements on physico-chemicalcharacteristics of Dal Lake@Kashmir. J. Res. Dev., 6: 81-85.@Yes$Hedge C.R. and Bharti S.G. (1985).@Comparativephytoplankton ecology of fresh water ponds and lakes ofDharwad, Karnataka State, India.@Proc. Nat. Symp. PureAppl. Limnology (Ed) Adoni A.D., Bull. Bot. Soc. Sagar.,32: 24-29.@Yes$Sinha M.P. (1988).@Effect of waste disposal on waterquality of river Damodar in Bihar. Physico-chemicalcharacteristics. Ecol. and Poll. of Indian Rivers@Ed.Trivedy R.K., Ashish Publication House. New Delhi,219-246.@No$Shah A.R. (1988).@Physico-chemical aspects of pollutionin River Jhelum (Kashmir) during 1981-83. Ecol. andpollu. of Indian River@Ed. Trivedy A.K., Ashish Pub.House, New Delhi (1).@No$Rana B.C. and Palria S. (1988).@Assessment, evaluationand abatement studies of a polluted river. The Bandi(Rajasthan). Ecol. and Pollu. of Indian Rivers@Ed.Trivedi R.K., Ashish Pub. House, New Delhi, 344-359.@No$Paramshivam M. and Sreenivasan A. (1988).@Changes inalgae flora due to pollution in Cauvery Rivers.@Indian J.Environ Hlth. 23(3): 222-238.@No$Somashekar R.K. (1985).@Studies on water pollution ofriver Cauvery, India@. Proc. Nat. Sym. Pure and Appl.Limnology (ed.) Adoni, A.D. Bull. Bot. SOC. Sagar. 32:145-149.@No
<#LINE#>Ambient Air Quality Status of Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Sharma@Sanjeev Kumar,Sharma@Kriti <#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2016-004.pdf<#LINE#>Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur, INDIA@Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur, INDIA<#LINE#>6/1/2016<#LINE#>15/1/2016<#LINE#>Since 1991, with enactment of the economic liberalization policies, India experienced rapid industrial growth. This rise enabled growth in the resource intensive manufacturing sector and facilitated rate of material use leading to manifold impacts to the environment. Unsystematic utilization of natural resources has lead to environmental pollution. In many Indian Cities, air pollution has resulted in poor urban air quality. The air pollution can be attributed to emissions from transportation, industrial and residential activities. During the study, pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide and Carbon monoxide were studied besides meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction for a period from January 2014 to December, 2014. Monthly and seasonal variations of these pollutants have been monitored. On the basis of the monthly average, the air quality index for the pollutants was determined. It was observed that concentrations of the pollutants were higher in colder season as compared to summer or monsoon season. The results of this study identifies the degree of air pollution and concludes with suggestions for control of air pollution and associated health problems.<#LINE#>Yang C.Y., Chang C.C., Chuang H.Y. Tsai S.S., WuT.N. and Ho C.K. (2004).@Relationship between airpollution and daily mortality in a subtropical city: TaipeiTaiwan.@Environment International, 30, 519–23.@Yes$Afroz R., Hassan M.N. and Ibrahim N.A. (2003).@Reviewof air pollution and health impacts in Malaysia.@EnvironResearch, 92, 71–77.@Yes$Boyd J.T. 1960.@Climate, Air Pollution and mortality.@British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 14,123–135.@Yes$Guttikunda S. and Jawahar P. (2011).@Urban AirPollution Analysis in India. Urban Emissions.@Info, NewDelhi, India.@No$Murena F. (2004).@Measuring air quality over large urbanarea: Development and application of an air pollutionIndex at the Urban Area of Naples.@Atmos. Environ, 38,6195-6202.@Yes$USEPA (2014).@United States Environment protectionagency@.@Yes$Ontario (2013).@A review of the Ontario air quality indexand air quality health index system, Air ResourceBranch@Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto,Ont., Canada.@No$Shenfold L. (1970).@Note on Ontario@Journal of Air Pollution ControlAssociation, 20, 612.@No$Chaurasia S., Karwaria A. and Gupta A.D. (2013).@Airpollution and Air quality Index of Kodinar Gujarat, India.@International Research Journal of EnvironmentalSciences, 2, 62-67.@No$Inhaber H. (1974).@Environmental quality: Outline for aNational Index for Canada.@Science, 186, 798-805.@Yes$Upadhyaya G. and Dashore N. (2010).@Monitoring of AirPollution by Using Fuzzy Logic.@International Journalon Computer Science and Engineering, 2, 2282-2286@No$Bishoi B., Prakash A. and Jain V.K. (2009).@AComparative Study of Air Quality Index Based on FactorAnalysis and US-EPA Methods for an UrbanEnvironment.@Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 9, 1-17.@Yes$Gufran B., Ghude D.S. and Deshpande A. 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Substrates: A Review<#LINE#>Das@A.,Mondal@C. <#LINE#>49-57<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-220.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, INDIA@Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>8/10/2015<#LINE#>16/11/2015<#LINE#>Sustainable development is the projected demand of all nations at present. Only 20 percent of world’s primary energy requirement is met by renewable sources like solar and wind energy, hydropower, biomass, municipal and agri-wastes. Especially energy recovery from municipal and agri – wastes have gained importance due to two – fold reason: i. waste volume reduction, ii. energy recovery. The present review article focuses onto detailed aspects of some exhaustive research work in the field of energy generation by co-anaerobic digestion of several potential organic sources with cattle manure. Codigestion of substrates have been preferred over mono-digestion due to several benefits associated with it. Carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio has been identified as the key parameter for improving the digestion of substrates. The average C/N ratio of 20 – 30 has been stated as optimum for maximum yield of biogas and corresponding methane in it by almost all workers referenced below. Mostly, specific methane production, ultimate methane production, methane production rate has been determined for evaluating the co-digestion process. Improvement in C/N ratio, higher bio-degradability, effective volatile solids (VS) removal, eco-friendly sludge production has been regarded as merits of co-digestion process.<#LINE#>Aragaw T. and Andargie M. et al. 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<#LINE#>The Biotic Implications of Forest Fragmentation<#LINE#>Dutta@Angshu,Dutta@Himangshu <#LINE#>58-62<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-264.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786001, INDIA@Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, INDIA<#LINE#>7/12/2015<#LINE#>26/12/2015<#LINE#>Forest fragmentation which is the process of breaking up of large forested areas into smaller pieces is a common phenomenon that occurs in the present times. A review of existing literature shows that fragmentation can exert even larger independent effects than forest loss. It gives rise to isolation and edge effects that affect both animal and plant populations. Significant impacts of forest fragmentation include reduction in species diversity and abundance, alterations in composition and demographic parameters of species and so on. It effects propagate through the various pathways through the forest ecosystem, not only affecting particular plant or animal groups but also interspecific interactions. Through this review, the consequences of fragmentation on microclimate, flora, avian and mammalian fauna have been revealed, along with the inherent pathways. It very well shows how the impacts of the phenomenon encompass the entire forest ecosystem.<#LINE#>Hobbs R.J. (2000).@Land use Changes and invasions. InInvasive Species in a Changing World (Ed. H. A.Mooney and R. J. Hobbs)@Island Press, Washington, pp.55-64.@No$Sala O.E., Chapin F.S.I., Armesto J.J., Berlow E.,Bloomfield J., Dirzo R., Huber-Sanwald E., HuennekeL.F., Jackson R.B., Kinzig A., Leemans R., Lodge D.M.,Mooney H.A., Oesterheld M., Poff N.L., Sykes M.T.,Walker B.H., Walker M. and Wall D.H. (2000).@Globalbiodiversity scenarios for the year 2100@Science, 287,1770-1774.@Yes$Pimm S.L. and Raven P. 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