International Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 73 Physico-chemical and Comparative analysis of Underground Water in Summer and Winter Season 2014 of Rewa city, MP, India Manoj Kumar Solanki1#, Gupta O.P., Shukdeo Prasad Ahirwar and Mukesh Singh3 Department of Chemistry, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, 486002 (M.P.), INDIA Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Rewa, 486001 (M.P.), INDIA Department of Chemistry, Govt. PG College, Niwari, Tikamgarh-472442, MP, INDIA Department of Chemistry, Govt. SSS PG College, Shahdol -484771, MP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 21st March 2015, revised 11th April 2015, accepted 9th May 2015 AbstractRecent research focuses on the physico-chemical and comparative analysis of underground water in summer and winter season 2014 of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh state, India. At most of the samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by the world health organization (WHO), Indian Standard Institute (ISI) for drinking purposes and BIS desirable limit. Season wise variation in physical and chemical parameters like Turbidity, colour, odour, Taste, pH Value, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, Total alkalinity, chloride,Total dissolved solid, Iron, sulphate etc. All parameters of underground water in summer and winter season were found in some limits. Keywords: Physical-chemical study, physical-chemical analysis, water hardness, physical and chemical property, comparative analysis, Madhya Pradesh India. Introduction In this paper results of physical-chemical and comparative analysis of underground water in summer and winter season 2014 of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh state, India analyzes for Turbidity, colour, odour, taste, pH value, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity, chloride, total dissolved solid, iron, sulphate, etc. Underground water of Nehru Nagar, Engineering hostel, Rathara Rewa sample are indicated by A, B, C (summer season) and underground water Godhar Keri, Kailashpuri, Engineering Colony sample are indicated by sample X, Y,Z (winter season). Material and MethodMaterial requirement for sampling and analysis of water, Personnel and sample transport arrangement, Area map, sampling site location map, icebox, weighted bottle sampler, D.O. Sample, Rope, D.O.D. Bottles, Sample containers, Special sample containers, bacteriological and Special sample, heavy metals, D.O. Fixing and traction chemical and glassware, thermometer, Tissue papers, other field measurement are sample identification forms, labels for sampling containers, field note bottle, pen, pencil, markers, soap and towel, matchbox, spirit lamp, torch etc. All analysis was carried out as per APHA (1998), ISI and BIS desirable limit for drinking water. Physical and chemical analysis methods are depicted as follows for Turbidity in water is determined by nephelometric method with sample cells using hydrazine sulfate, distilled water, hexamethylenetetramine, color in water is determined by visual comparison using stock standard equivalent to 500 color units, potassium chloroplatinate, crystallized cobalt us chloride, hydrochloric acid, odour in water is determined by qualitative human receptor method and taste in water is determined by physically, pH Value in water is determined by pH meter, total dissolved solids in water is determined by TDS measurement apparatus, total hardness in water is determined by EDTA complex metric titration method using EDTA solution, buffer solution, EBT indicator, distilled water and titration apparatus, Calcium in water is determined by EDTA titrimetric method using NaOH, ammonium purpurate, standard EDTA solution, standard calcium solution, magnesium in water are determined by calculation from total hardness and calcium by EDTA method, sulphate in water are determined by nephelometry method using nephelometric turbidity meter with sample cells, magnetic stirrer, timer within dictator of second, Total alkalinity in water is determined by titration method using HSo4 solution, methyl orange indicator, phenolphthalein indicator, chloride in water are determined by argent metric titration method using potassium chromate indicator, standard silver nitrate, aluminum hydroxide suspension, standard sodium chloride1-6. Results and Discussion Below table-1shows average values of underground water sample A, B, C (summer season) value of turbidity (NTU) 2.8, 2.0, 2.3, colour of water colourless, colourless, colourless odour of water UN/OBJ, UN/OBJ, UN/OBJ and taste of water unpleasant, unpleasant, unpleasant value of pH ranges 7.6,7.8,7.8, total hardness (mg/l) 328, 310, 340, value of Ca2+ mg/l) 140, 128, 220, value of Mg2+ (mg/l) 188, 192, 120 value of total alkalinity (mg/l) 160, 210,320, value of chloride (mg/l) International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 74 33, 38, 30, value of TDS (mg/l)368, 382, 382, value of iron (mg/l) 0.03, 0.06, value of SO2- (mg/l) 56, 63, 64,etc. other underground water sample X, Y, Z (winter season) value of turbidity (NTU) 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, colour of water colourless, colourless, colourless odour of water UN/OBJ, UN/OBJ, UN/OBJ and taste of water unpleasant, unpleasant, unpleasant, value of pH ranges 7.6, 7.5, 7.5, total hardness (mg/l) 1440, 640,460, value of Ca2+ (mg/l) 20.0, 10.8, 5.64, value of Mg2+(mg/l)5.28, 1.10, 2.06,value of total alkalinity (mg/l) 280, 460, 380 value of chloride (mg/l) 35, 87, 61, value of TDS (mg/l) 1165, 930, 710, etc. ConclusionPhysico-chemical study of the underground water sample indicate the overall alkaline nature and very hard. The underground water pH between desirable limit. Sample have TDS less or more than 1000 mg/l; hence suitable or not suitable for drinking and samples have normal chloride, normal sulfate. The comparison of analyzing data with WHO (1984), ISI (1991) and BIS desirable limit for drinking water indicates that all water is more or less suitable for drinking7-10. References 1.AjithaV., Rajathy Sivalingam, Rojith G. and Syamkumar R., Physico-Chemical Characterization of Coir Pith Black Liquor and Coir Pith Effluent, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,4(2), 46-49 (2015)2.APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Editor A.D. Eaton, 18th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, (2005)3.Hemant Pathak and S.N. Limaye, Study Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis, E-Journal of Chemistry,8 (2011)4.Manoj Kumar Solanki and O.P. Gupta, Physico-chemical and comparative analysis of river Water underground water and surface water of Rewa city MP, India, Poll Res.,32(2) 235-237 (2013)5. Manoj Kumar Solanki, O.P. 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Environment Sci.,3(3), 59-61 (2014) Figure - 1 Map of Rewa DistrictTable – 1 Average value of underground water parameters in summer and winter season – 2014 Units Parameters Sample-a Sample-b Sample-c Sample-x Sample-y Sample-z NTU Turbidity 2.8 2.0 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 Hazen Units Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless - Odour Un/obj Un/obj Un/obj Un/obj Un/obj Un/obj - Test Unplasent Unplasent Unplasent Unplasent Unplasent Unplasent PH Scale PH Value 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.5 Mg/l Total Hardness 328 310 340 1440 640 460 Mg/l Calcium 140 128 220 20.0 10.8 5.64 Mg/l Magnesium 188 192 120 5.28 1.10 2.06 Mg/l Total Alkalinity 160 210 320 280 460 380 Mg/l Chloride 33 38 30 35 87 61 Mg/l TDS 368 382 382 1165 930 710 Mg/l Iron 0.03 0.06 Nil Nil Nil Nil Mg/l Sulphate 56 63 64 Nil Nil Nil International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 75 Figure-2 Average value of all parameters in summer season Figure-3 Average value of all parameters in summer season International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 76 Figure-4 Average value of all parameters in summer season Figure-5 Average value of all parameters in winter season International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 77 Figure-6 Average value of all parameters in winter season Figure-7 Average value of all parameters in winter season International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 78 Figure-8 Average value of all sample parameters in summer and winter season-2014 International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(5), 73-79, May (2015) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 79 Table–2 Water quality parameters and drinking water standardsParameters Units Drinking water WHO (1984) and ISI (1991) Desirable Maximum pH value NIL 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation Dissolved Solids Mg/l 500 2000 Colour Hazen units 5 25 Odour NIL Unobjectionable - Turbidity NTU 5 10 Taste NIL Agreeable - Total hardness (asCaCO 3 ) Mg/l 300 600 Alkalinity Mg/l 200 600 Calcium Mg/l 75 200 Manganese Mg/l 0.1 0.3 NitrateMg/l 50 No relaxation Chloride Mg/l 250 1000 Sulphate Mg/l 200 400 7.Ndubi D.1., Oyaro N.2, Githae E.3 and Afullo. 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Environment Sci, 2 (4), 26-29 (2013)Table-3 Water quality parameters and drinking water standardsParameters BIS Desirable limit for drinking water PH Value6.5–8.5 TDS (Mg/l)500 Total hardness (Mg/l) 300 Total alkalinity (Mg/l) 200 Ca 2+ (Mg/l) 75 Mg 2+ (Mg/l) 100 Na + (Mg/l) 60 NO 3 - (Mg/l) 45 Chloride (Mg/l) 250 SO 4 2 - (Mg/l) 200 CO 3 2 - (Mg/l) NIL HCO 3 - (Mg/l) 250 Table–4 Range of hardness in various unitsClassification Hardness in Mg/L Hardness in Mmol/L Hardness in DGH/°dH Hardness in GPG Hardness in PPM Soft 0–60 0–0.60 0-3.37 0-3.50 Less than 60 Moderately hard 61–120 0.61–1.20 3.38-6.74 3.56-7.01 60-120 Hard 121–180 1.21–1.80 6.75–10.11 7.06-10.51 120-180 Very hard 181 1.81 10.12 10.57 � 180