@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Diversity and Distribution of mangroves of Kundapura, Udupi District, Karnataka, Southwest Coast of India<#LINE#>VijayaK.M.@Kumar,Vijaya@Kumara<#LINE#>1-11<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-185.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Bhandarkars’ Arts and Science College, Kundapura-576 201, INDIA @ Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Wildlife and Management, Bioscience Block, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, INDIA <#LINE#>16/8/2014<#LINE#>23/1/2015<#LINE#> The present study documents the diversity and distribution of true mangroves and their associates, from four sampling stations ofKundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest Coast of India. These four sampling points selected along the backwaters of the river Haladi. Nine true mangrove floral species belonging to six families and ten mangroves associated floral species belonging to nine families were identified. In order to study the distribution pattern of mangrove species, Quadrate analysis was adopted. This paper highlights the need of present study to further gain knowledge about the mangrove flora in order to help the conservation of mangrove ecosystem.  <#LINE#> @ @ Arun T. Ram and Shaji C.S., Diversity and distribution of mangroves in Kumbalam Island of Kerala, India, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 4(4), 18-26 (2013) @No $ @ @ Blasco F., Climatic factors and the biology of mangrove plants. In Snedaker, S. and J. Snedaker, eds. The mangrove ecosystem: Research methods, UNESCO/SCOR, Paris, 18–35, (1984) @No $ @ @ Brij Gopal and Chauhan Malavika, Biodiversity and conservation in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem. Aquatic Science, 68, 338-354, (2006) @No $ @ @ Debnath H.S. and Naskar K.R., A comparative study on the mangroves and associated flora in the Ganga delta (Sunarbans) and Bay Islands (Andaman and Nicobar). In: D. N. Guhabakshi, P. Sanyal and K. R. Naskar (eds.), Sundarbans Mangal. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 277–292,(1999) @No $ @ @ Duke N.C., Mangrove floristics and biogeography, In : A.I. Robertson and D.M. Alongi (eds.), Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., USA, 63–100, (1992) @No $ @ @ Gamble J.S., Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, (1957) @No $ @ @ Curtis J.T. and McIntosh R.P., An upland forest continuum in the Prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1931725, Ecological Society of America, Ecology, 32(3), 476-496,(1951) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan K., A review of studies on Pichavaram mangrove, southeast India, T.J. Pandian (ed.), Recent Advances in Indian Aquatic Research, Hydrobiologia, 430, 185–205, (2000) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan K., A review of studies on Pichavaram mangrove, southeast India. T.J. Pandian (ed.), Recent Advances in Indian Aquatic Research, Hydrobiologia, 430, 185–205, (2000) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan K. and Ramanathan T., Medicinal plants of Parangipettai coast. Annamalai University, India, 79, (1997) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan K. and Bingham B.L., Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 40, 81–251 (2001) @No $ @ @ Macintosh D.J. and Ashton E.C., A Review of Mangrove Biodiversity Conservation and Management, Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark, (2002) @No $ @ @ Matthew K.M., The Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic, The Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, (1983) @No $ @ @ Nagelkerken I, van der Velde G, Gorissen MW, Meijer GJ, Van't Hof T and den Hartog C, Importance of mangroves, sea grass beds and the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a visual census technique, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 51(1), 31–44 (2000) @No $ @ @ Natesan B, Somasundaram K, Jayaraman M, Mannu J, Sanniyasi C, Ankita P and Durai S., Diversity of true mangroves and their associates in the Pondicherry region of South India and development of a mangrove knowledgebase, Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment,1(5), 099-105 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nayak S. and Bahuguna A., Application of remote sensing data to monitor mangroves and other coastal vegetation of India, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 30, 195- 213 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.K., Sahu J.R. and Upadhyay V.P., Species diversity in Bhitarkanika Mangove ecosystem in Orissa, India, Lyonia, a journal of ecology and application, 8(1), 73-87 (2005) @No $ @ @ Saenger P, Hegerl EJ and Davie JDS, Global status of mangrove ecosystems. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, (1993) @No $ @ @ Suma and Gowda P.V., Diversity of Mangroves in Udupi District of Karnataka State, India, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2(11), 11-17 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ramamurthy V., Radhika K., Amirthanayagi Kavitha A. and Raveendran S., Physico-chemical analysis of soil and water of Vedaranyam mangrove forest, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences, 3, 65-73 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Physico-chemical Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River at Barwani and Khalghat, MP, India<#LINE#>V.S.@Barde, S.@Piplode,V.@Thakur,R.@Agrawal<#LINE#>12-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-274.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. Madhav Science P G College Ujjain, M.P., 456010, INDIA @ School of Life Science, DAVV Indore, M.P., 452001, INDIA  @ Govt. Holkar Science College Indore, M.P., 452001, INDIA <#LINE#>23/12/2014<#LINE#>5/2/2015<#LINE#>Narmada River is the key source for domestic and irrigation purposes in the Barwani and Khalghat Region. In the present study water sample of narmada river from two different sites Barwani and Khalghat has been assessed physico-chemically to evaluate its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. The important parameters taken into consideration are Temperature, turbidity, pH, Conductivity, T.D.S, Suspended Solid, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Dissolve Oxygen, B.O.D., C.O.D. and Nitrate were determined in the laboratory. The Physico- Chemical parameters were determined as per standard methods of APHA (2002). Obtained results regarding the Narmad River water quality status shows that the overall water quality is suitable and safe for domestic and irrigation purposes. <#LINE#> @ @ Soni V.,  Khwaja S. and Visavadia M., Preimpoundmental studies on Water Quality of Narmada River of India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(6), 31-38 (2013) @No $ @ @ Narmada Valley Development Authority, NVDA, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Narmada Basin, Narmada Water Dispute, Nvda.nic.in. 1985-07-16, Retrieved 2014-03-03, (2014) @No $ @ @ Narmada Control Authority, NCA. Retrieved 21 March 2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publication, Karad, Maharashtra, (1986) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar M.S., Methodology for water analysis, physico-chemical, Biological and Microbiological Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists Hyderbad; (2), 50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Anjum Praveen, Rajesh Kumar, Pratima  nd Rajat Kumar, Physio- Chemical Properties of the Water of River Ganga at Kanpur, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, 03, 134-137, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Vishwakarma R., Dixit S. and Jain P., Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River with reference to Physcochemical Parameters at Hoshangabad city, MP, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci,1(3), 40-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tali I., Pir Z., Sharma S., Mudgal L. K. and Siddique A., Physico Chemical properties of water of river Narmada at Madhya Pradesh, India, Researcher, 4(6), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pir Z., Tali I., Mudgal L. K., Sharma S. and Siddique A., Evaluation of water quality: Physico chemical characteristics of River Narmada at Madhya Pradesh, India, Researcher, 4(5), 63-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumari M., Mudgal L.K. and Singh A. K., Comparative Studies of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Two Reservoirs of Narmada River, MP, India, Current World Environment, 8(3), 473-478 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Studies on Radionuclides 226Ra, 238U, 228Th and 40K in River Sediment Samples of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>J.@EuginShaji,C.@Kannan,M.Feroz@Khan<#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-277.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, (Autonomous) Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>28/12/2014<#LINE#>4/2/2015<#LINE#>The activity concentration of natural radio nuclides such as 226Ra, 238U,  228Th and 40K  were determined in river sediment samples collected from Kanyakumari district. The measurements were carried out using a 3” × 3” NaI Gamma spectrometry. The mean radionuclide activity concentrations obtained for each of the radio nuclides expressed in Bq/Kg are18.85, 8.71, 18.75 and 148.10 for 228Ra, 238U, 228Th and 40K respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate is 21.77 nGy/h-1. The activity concentration was found to be less than the recommended level of international guide lines and would not pose any significant radiological impact on the environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Hemming C.R. and Clarke R.H., A Review of Environmental protection standards, Clinton, NPRB-r 168, HMSO, London., (1984) @No $ @ @ Ghiassi-Nejad M., Beitollahi M.M., Asefi M. and Reza Nejad F., Exposure to 226Ra from consumption of vegetables in the high level natural radiation area of Ramsar, Iran, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.,66, 215-225 (2003) @No $ @ @ Termizi Ramli A., Wahab A., Hussein M.A. and Khalik Wood A., Environmental 238U and 232Th concentration measurements in an area of high level natural background radiation at Palong, Johor, Malaysia, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity., 80, 287-304 (2005) @No $ @ @ Andrejeva O.S., Badjin V.I. and Kornilov A.N., Natural and depleted uranium, Atomizdat, Moscow (in Russian)., (1987) @No $ @ @ Kikoina I.K., Tables of physical constants, Atomizdat, Moscow (in Russian)., (1976) @No $ @ @ Colmenerosujo L. et al., Uranium-228 and Th-232 series concentrations in soil, radon-222 indoor and drinking water concentration and dose assessment in the city of Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico, J. Environ. Radioact., 77, 205-219 (2004) @No $ @ @ Saroja R.R.M. and Vetha Roy D., High background radiation sweeping along the south west coast of Tamil Nadu, India, Curr.Sci.,94, 1250-1251 (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh H.N., Shankar D., Neelakandan V.N. and Singh V.P., Distribution patterns of natural radioactivity and delineation of anomalous radioactive zones using in situ radiation observations in Southern Tamil Nadu, India., (2006) @No $ @ @ UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on effects of Atomic radiation Report to the general, assembly, Source and effects of ionizing radiation (New York: United Nations), , (2000) @No $ @ @ UNSCEAR,  United Nations Scientific committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report to the General Assembly (United Nations, New York), (1993) @No $ @ @ Shahul Hameed P., Shaheed K., Somasundaram S.S.M. and Iyengar M.A.R., Radium-226 levels in the Cauvery river ecosystem India, J. Biosci., 22(2), 225–231 (1997) @No $ @ @ UNSCEAR, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation, New York, (1988) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Method Validation and Uncertainity measurement for Determination of 25 Pesticides by GC-ECD and MSD in Banana using modified QuEChERS Technique<#LINE#>S.@Mishra,M.K.@Saini,S.@Alam,L.K@Thakur.,S.K.@Raza<#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-010.pdf<#LINE#> Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Opp. Ambience Mall, NH-8, Gurgaon, Haryana-122016, INDIA <#LINE#>15/1/2014<#LINE#>19/2/2015<#LINE#>Method for the determination of multi-residue was developed by slight modification in QuEChERS method and validated for 25 pesticides of different class in banana. Extraction of samples was done with acetonitrile and cleaning by PSA and 18 using Solid Phase Extraction technique Recovery studies at three spiking concentration level 1 LOQ (Limit of quantification), 5 LOQ and 10 LOQ varied from 74 % to 117 % with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) below 20%. Measurement of uncertainity (MU), for three main independent sources viz. weighing, purity of the standard and repeatability were considered. The method developed can be used as one single determination step for the analysis of all 25 pesticides by GC-ECD and their confirmation by GC-MS.  <#LINE#> @ @ Eskenazi B., Rosas L.G., Marks A.R., Bradman A. And Harley K., Pesticide toxicity and the developing brain, BasicClin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 102, 228-236 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fernndez-Alba A.R. and Garca-Reyes J.F., Large-scale multi-residue methods for pesticides and their degradation products in food by advanced LC-MS, Trac-Trend. Anal. Chem., 27(11), 973-990 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ecobichon D.J., Pesticide use in developing countries, Toxicology, 160(1–3), 27-33 (2001) @No $ @ @ Handa  S.K., Agnihotri  N.P. and Kulshrestha G.,  Pesticides Residues: Significance Management and Analysis, Research Periodicals and Book Publishing Home, Texas: USA, 138-140, (1999) @No $ @ @  Belardi R.P. and Pawliszyn J., The application of chemically modified fused silica fibresin the extraction of organics from water matrix samples and their rapid transfer to capillary columns, Water Pollut. Res. J. 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A., 1108(1), 1-6 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lambropoulou D.A. and Albanis  T.A., Methods of sample preparation for determination of pesticide residues in food matrices by chromatography–mass spectrometry-based techniques: a review, Analitycal and Bioanalytical Chemistry., 389(6), 1663-1683 (2007) @No $ @ @ Schenck  F.J., Lehotay  S.J. and Victor  V., Comparison of solid-phase extraction sorbents for cleanup in pesticide residue analysis of fresh fruits and vegetables, Journal of Separation Science, 25(14), 883–890 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pawliszyn J., Solid phase microextraction: theory and practice, Wiley-VCH, New York, USA, (1997) @No $ @ @ Anastassiades M., Lehotay S.J., Stajnbaher D. and Schenck F.J., Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solidphase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce, J. AOAC. Int.,86, 412-431, (2003) @No $ @ @ Reed D.V., Lombardo P., Wessel J.R., Burke J.A. andMacmohan B., The FDA pesticides monitoring programme, J.AOAC. Int.,70, 591-595 (1987) @No $ @ @ Fong W.G.,  Moye H.A., Seiber J.N. and Toth J.P., Pesticide residues in foods, Methods, techniques, and regulations, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 139-209 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kumazawata T. and Suzuki O., Separation methods for amino group-possessing pesticides in biological samples, J. Chromatogr. B.,747, 241–254 (2000) @No $ @ @ Geerdink R.B., Niessen WMA. and Brinkman UATh.,  Trace-level determination of pesticides in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A., 970, 65–93 (2002) @No $ @ @ Corley J., Best practices in establishing detection and quantification limits for pesticide residues in foods, Hand book of Residue Analytical Methods for Agrochemicals, Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 59-74, (2003) @No $ @ @ EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4, EURACHEM/ CITAC Guide, Quantifying uncertainity in analytical measurement, 2nd ed. http://www. measurementuncertainity.org, (2000) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Carbon sequestration Potential and Chemical Characteristics of Soil along an Elevation transect in Southern Himalayas, Nepal<#LINE#>Lekhendra@Tripathee,Dipesh@Rupakheti,Prakriti@Sharma,Ranjan@Aryal,Ram@SigdelShalik<#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-015.pdf<#LINE#>Himalayan Environment Research Institute, Kathmandu, NEPAL @ Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Himalayan Environment Research Institute, Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>22/1/2015<#LINE#>28/2/2015<#LINE#>The study was aimed at quantifying and comparing the amount of carbon stored in soil and chemical parameters of soil at different elevations under different land uses. Soil samples were collected from the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) soil layers at Dhunche and from five other sites samples were randomly chosen at four different locations at each site. Samples were collected during May at different elevation (approximately 500m change in elevation) in forest land uses and grassland use. Soil of the study area was slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. The dominant textures were sandy loam and loamy sand. Biomass was gradually increased at north with increasing altitude whereas at south aspect biomass was increased up to 3650m and then gradually decreased. SOC stock was high at the highest elevation and similar trend was seen at other sites. SOC was gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil nutrients (NPK) were found to decrease with increase in altitude. The results from the present study also suggest that the Himalayan soil have a great potential to store the carbon. The present study provides the dataset on soil physical and chemical properties and paves a way for further study in the region.  <#LINE#> @ @ Jobbagy E.G. and Jackson R. B., The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation, Ecol. Appl.,10, 423–436 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kirschbaum M.U.F., Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?, Biogeochemistry, 48, 21– 51 (2000) @No $ @ @ Amundson R., The carbon budget in soils, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 29, 535– 562 (2001) @No $ @ @ Baldock JA and Skjemstad JO, Organic soil carbon/soil organic matter, In 'Soil analysis: An interpretation manual', (Eds KI Peverill, LA Sparrow, DJ Reuter), 159-170 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sedjo R.A., Sohngen B. and Jagger, P., Carbon Sinks in the Post-Kyoto World, RFF Climate Issue Brief No, 13, Internet Edition, (1998) @No $ @ @ Winjum J.K., Dixon R.K. and Schroeder P.E., Estimating the global potential of forest and agro forest management practices to sequester carbon, Water Air Soil Pollution,64(1–2), 213–227 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bajracharya R.M, Lal R. and Kimble J.M., Soil organic carbon distribution in aggregates and primary particle fractions as influenced by erosion phases and landscape position, In: Lal R, Kimble JM, Follett RF, Stewart BA (eds) Soil processes and the carbon cycle, 353–367 (1998) @No $ @ @ Phillips O.L, Malhi Y., Higuchi N., Laurance W.F., Nunez P.V., Vasquez R.M., Laurance S.G., Ferreira L.V., Stern M., Brown S. and Grace J., Changes in the carbon balance of tropical forests: evidence from long-term plots, Science,282(5388) @No $ @ @ , 439–442 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lal R., Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, Geoderma, 123(1–2), 1–22 (2004) @No $ @ @ Smith P., Carbon sequestration in croplands: the potential in Europe and the global context, Eur J Agron20(3), 229–236 (2004) @No $ @ @ Six J., and Jastrow J.D., Organic matter turnover, 936-942 (2002) @No $ @ @ Barker J.R., Baumgardner G.A., Turner D.P. and Lee J.J., Carbon dynamics of the conservation and wetland reserve programs, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 51, 340–346 (1996) @No $ @ @ Reich P.B., Hobbie S. E., Lee T., Ellsworth D.S., West J.B., Tilman D., Knops J.M.H., Naeem, S. and Trost, J., Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO, Nature,440, 922–925 (2006) @No $ @ @ Neupane B. and Thapa P., Assessment of Pesticide Use and Heavy Metal Analysis of Well Water in JhikuKhola Watershed, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci, 3(10), 79-83 (2014) @No $ @ @ Tripathee L., Kang S., Huang J., Sillanpää M., Sharma C.M., Lüthi Z.L., Guo J. and Paudyal R., Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 2677–2687 (2014a) @No $ @ @ 6.Tripathee L., Kang S., Huang J., Sharma,C.M., Sillanpää M., Guo J. and Paudyal R., Concentrations of trace elements in wet deposition over the Central Himalayas, Nepal, Atmos. Environ., 95, 231–238 (2014b) @No $ @ @ Garten C.T., Post W.M., Hanson P.J. and Cooper L.W., Forest soil carbon inventories and dynamics along an elevation gradient in the southern Appalachian Mountains, Biogeochemistry,45, 115–145 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hontoria C., Rodriguez-Murillo J.C. and Saa A., Relationships between soil organic carbon and site characteristics in peninsular Spain, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63, 614–621 (1999) @No $ @ @ Quideau S.A., Chadwick Q.A., Benesi A., Graham R.C.and Anderson M.A., A direct link between forest vegetation type and soil organic matter composition, Geoderma,104, 41–60 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sims Z.R. and Nielsen G.A., Organic carbon in Montana soils as related to clay content and climate, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 1269–1271 (1986) @No $ @ @ Pearson T.R., Brown S.L. and Birdsey R.A., Measurement guidelines for the sequestration of forest carbon, U.S.: Northern research Station, Department of Agriculture, (2007) @No $ @ @ Dinakaran J and Krishnayya N.S.R., Variation in type of vegetal cover and heterogeneity of soil organic carbon in affecting sink capacity of tropical soils, Current Science, 94, 9 (2008) @No $ @ @ Alamgir M. and Amin M.A., Storage of organic carbon in forest undergrowth, litter and soil within geoposition of Chittagong (south) forest division, Bangladesh, International Journal of Usufruct Management,9(1), 75-91 (2008) @No $ @ @  Singh R., Soil Major (N,P,K) and Micro (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) Nutrients as Influenced by Different Herbicides in Presence of Fertilizer (NPK) in Field Condition of Aligarh Soil under Wheat Cultivation, Int. 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<#LINE#>Heavy metal uptake capacity of Hydrilla verticillata: A commonly available Aquatic Plant<#LINE#>Parmita@Phukan,Rupa@Phukan,S.N.@Phukan<#LINE#>35-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-017.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, INDIA @ Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>22/1/2015<#LINE#>1/3/2015<#LINE#>Removal of Cr and Cd by  Hydrilla verticillata is influenced by concentration of the metals in the test solution . Uptake was higher at low concentration (15mg/l for Cr and 03mg/l for Cd) and decreased thereafter with increase in metal concentration.  Cr accumulation was highest in leaves and roots at the concentration of 15mg/l and 20mg/l respectively. Cadmium accumulation was maximum in 3mg/l in both roots and shoots. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of test plants revealed gradual decrease with increase in concentration of the test solution. Long term metal exposure affected chlorophyll synthesis which indicates inhibition of photosynthesis as a result of higher metallic concentration. This is a clear indication of   disruption of chloroplast, thereby reducing photosynthetic activity. Growth was not affected morphologically except dark brown and necrotic spots treated with the solution, which might be an early symptom of metal toxicity. <#LINE#> @ @ Shen T.T., Industrial pollution prevention, 2nd ed. Springer: Netherland, 40 (1999) @No $ @ @ Aina M.P., Kpondjo N.M., Adounkpe J., Chougourou D. and Moudachirou M, Study of the Purification Efficiencies of three Floating Macrophytes in Wastewater Treatment, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(3),37-43(2012) @No $ @ @ Rao M.V.S.,  Rao V.D. and  Bethapudi S.A.A., Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thoker F.A., Manderia S. and Manderia Kr., Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(2), 41-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U., Assessment of Physicochemical Contaminants in Waters and Fishes from Selected Rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria,  Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(4), 6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Osakwe S.A., Chemical Partitioning of Iron, Cadmium, Nickel and Chromium in Contaminated Soils of South-Eastern Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. 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Sci., 2(1), 25-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh D.B., Prasad G. and Rupainwar D.C., Adsorption technique for the treatment of As (V) rich effluents, Colloids Surf, III, 49-56 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sutton D.L. and Ornes W.L., Phosphorus removal from static sewage effluent, Journal of Environmental Quality,, 367-370 (1975) @No $ @ @ Mishra V.K. and Tripathy V.D., Accumulation of chromium and zones from aquous solution using water hyacinth, Journal of Hazard material,164(2-3), 1059-63 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chandra Sekhar Reddy, K.V. Ramana Reddy, Sumedh K., Humane, B. and Damodaram , Accumulation of Chromium in Certain plant Species Growing on Mine Dump from Byrapur, Karnataka, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(12), 17-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haller W.T. and Sutton D.L., Community structure and competition between Hydrilla and Vallisneria, Hyacinth  Control Journal,13, 48-50 (1975) @No $ @ @ Mahler M.J.,  Hydrilla, the number one problem Aquatics, , 56 (1979) @No $ @ @ Cook C.D.K. and Lüönd R., A revision of the genus Hydrocharis (Hydrocharitaceae), Aquatic Botany,14, 177-204 (1982) @No $ @ @ BIS, Tolerance limits for industrial effluents prescribed by Indian Standards Institution, Bureau of Indian Standards IS 2490 (part I) New Delhi, (1981) @No $ @ @ APHA,  Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, 20th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington DC USA,  (2005) @No $ @ @ Lu X., Kruatrachus M., Pokethitiyook P. and  Homyak K., Removal of Cadmium and Zinc by water hyacinth, Science Asia, 30, 93-103 (2004) @No $ @ @ Unnikrishnan P.P., Sundarmoorthy L., Baskaran K., Sankar G. and Chidambaram A.L.A., Botany Research International, , 13-18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wei S., Zhou Q., Srivastava M., Xiao H., Yanga C.Z. and  Zheng Q., Kallimeris integrifolia Turcz.Ex.Dc: An accumulation of Cd, J Hazardous Mat,162, 1571-1573 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hassan S.H., Talat M. and Rai S., Absorption of Zinc and Cd in  aquous solution by water hyacinth, Bioresure Technology,98, 918-928 (2007) @No $ @ @ Boddi B., Oravez A.R. and Lehozki E., Effect of cadmium organization and photoreduction of photochlorophyllide in dark grown leaves and etioplast inner membrane preparation of wheat, Photosynthetica,, 411-420 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nordberg G., Nogawa K., Nordberg M. and Friberg L., Cadmium: in handbook of toxicity of metals, Editors Academic Press New York, 78(2), 65 (2007) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and Biologcal Methods for Water Pollution Studies, Environmental Publication, Karad, India, (1984) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Waste Water Management through Aquatic Macrophytes<#LINE#>AnilKumar@Pandey<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-021.pdf<#LINE#> Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, INDIA <#LINE#>27/1/2015<#LINE#>13/2/2015<#LINE#>Various wastewater treatment technologies are being used depending on various factors ranging from their availability, suitability and cost effectiveness to the local conditions. Many of the available technologies, although very effective are not used very frequently as they are cost intensive. Aquatic Macrophytes growing in and around water bodies have shown great potential in removal of pollutants. Many studies have been conducted in the past which reveal wastewater treatment potential of aquatic macrophytes. However, the studies in past mostly focused on a single species and were merely laboratory experiments that were conducted in stagnant waters of aquarium. The present study deals with assessment of treatment potential of two aquatic macrophytes grown in combination. The study also deals with online treatment of river Varuna water using combination of aquatic macrophytes. The results of the online study reveal that D. O. increased by 5.46%, B.O.D. decreased by 17.43%, C.O.D. decreased by 18.7%, Nitrate decreased by16.2% and Phosphate decreased by 17.1%. <#LINE#> @ @ Culley D.C. Jr. and Epps A.E., Use of duckweed for waste treatment and animal feed, J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 45, 337-347 (1973) @No $ @ @ Dinges R., Upgrading stabilization pond effluent by water hyacinth culture, J. Water Poll, Cont. Fed., 50, 833-845 (1978) @No $ @ @ McDonald R.C. and Wolverton B.C., Comparative study of wastewater lagoon with and without water hyacinth, Econ. Bot, 34, 101-110 (1980) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.R. and Tucker J.C., Productivity and nutrient uptake of water hyacinth, Eichhornia Crassipes I, Effect of nitrogen resource, Econ. Bot.,37, 237-247 (1983) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.R. and De Busk W.F., Nutrient removal Potential of selected aquatic macrophytes, J. Environ. Qual., 14, 459-462 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gersberg R.M., Elkins B.V., Lyon S.R. and Goldman C.R., Role of aquatic plants in waste water treatment by artificial wetlands, Water Res., 20, 363-368 (1986) @No $ @ @ Tripathi B.D. and Srivastava J. and Misha K., Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal capacity of four chosen aquatic macrophytes in tropical freshwater ponds, Environmental Conservation, 18(2), 143-147 (1991) @No $ @ @ Weisner S.E.B., Eriksson P.G. and Leonardson L., Influence of Macrophytes on nitrate removal in wetlands, Ambio., 23, 363-366 (1994) @No $ @ @ Wolverton B.C. and McDonald R.C., Water hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes) (Mart.) Solms, Studies, Econ. Bot.,33, 1-10 (1979) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.R. and De Busk W.F., Nutrient removal Potential of selected aquatic macrophytes, J. Environ. Qual., 14, 459-462 (1985) @No $ @ @ Ice J. and Couch R., Nutrient absorption by duckweed, J. Aquat. Plant Manag., 25, 30-31 (1987) @No $ @ @ Ayoma I., Nishizaki H. and Yogi M, Uptake of Nitrogen and phosphate and Water purification capacity by water hyacinth (Eichhornica crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), J. Soils and Fertilizers, 50(3), 345-349 (1987) @No $ @ @ Tiedje J.M., Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, In: A.J.B. Zehnder (ed.) Biology of Anaerobic Microorganism John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1988) @No $ @ @ Sorensen J.,  Jorgensen T. and Brandt S., Denitrification in stream eplition: Seasonal variation in Gelbaek and Rabis beak, Denmark, FEMS, Microbiol. Ecol., 53, 345-354 (1988) @No $ @ @ De Busk T.A., Reddy K.R., Hages T.D. and Schwegler Jr. B.R., Performance of a pilot-scale water hyacinth based secondary system, J. Water Poll. Cont. fed., 61(7), 1217-1224 (1989) @No $ @ @ Law C.S., Rees A.P. and Owens N.J.P.,  Nitrous oxide production by estuarine epiphyton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 435-441 (1993) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.R. and De Busk, State of the art utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution control, Water Sci. Technol., 19, 61-79 (1987) @No $ @ @ Eriksson Peder G. and Weisner Stefan E.B., Nitrogen Removal in a Waste Water Reservoir: The importance of denitrification by Epiphytic Biofilms on Submersed Vegetation, J. Environ. Qual., 26, 905-910 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wolverton B.C. and McDonald R.C., Energy of vascular plants used in wastewater treatment systems, Econ. Bot.,35, 224-232 (1981) @No $ @ @ Bagnall L.O., Boldwin J.A. and Hentges J.F., Processing and storage of water hyacinth silage, Hyacinth Control J., 12, 73-79 (1974) @No $ @ @ Shialipour A. and Smith P.H., Conversion of biomass into methane gas, Biomass, 6, 85-94 (1984) @No $ @ @ Haque A. and Sharma S., Water hyacinth to fight water pollution, Science Reporter. Dec., 757-62 (1986) @No $ @ @ Nolan W.J. and Kirmse D.W., The paper making properties of water hyacinth, Hyacinth Control J., 12, 90-97 (1974) @No $ @ @ Parra J.V. and Hortenstein C.C., Plant nutritional component of some Florida water hyacinth in three soil types, Hyacinth Control. J., 12, 85-90 (1974) @No $ @ @ Boyd C.E., Evaluation of some common aquatic weeds as possible feed stuffs, Hyacinth Control Jour., 7, 26- 27(1968) @No $ @ @ K.C. Sen and S.N. Ray  Nutritive value of Indian cattle feed., 6th ed. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, (1971) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Agro Waste: A New Eco- Friendly Energy Resource<#LINE#>Neetu@Mahawar,Priya@Goyal,SunitaL@akhiwal,Sakshi@Jain<#LINE#>47-49<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-022.pdf<#LINE#> Indira Gandhi Centre for HEEPS, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (Rajasthan), INDIA <#LINE#>27/1/2014<#LINE#>18/2/2015<#LINE#>Global warming is a global issue. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change and the International Energy Agency have suggested that, in order to achieve the international goal of limiting global warming to 2\rC. Sustainable use of the resources is the best way to reduce the global environmental issues. Use of agro waste for the power generation is the new eco friendly resource for the sustainability. Power generation from the agro waste is less polluting resource in comparison to conventional energy resources (coal). It helps to fulfill the world energy demand and natural resource conservation in a sustainable way. The world will need to live within a set carbon budget that can be achieved by the sustainable agro-waste management The highlight of the study is comparative analysis of lignite based coal fired power plant and agro waste (mustard crop residue) fired power plant, which is being used at “Kalptaru Power Plant, Uniyara” (Tonk District, Rajasthan). <#LINE#> @ @ Pathak H, Bhatia A, Jain N and Aggarwal PK, Greenhouse gas emission and mitigation in Indian agriculture – A review, In ING Bulletins on Regional Assessment of Reactive Nitrogen, Bulletin No. 19 (Ed. Bijay-Singh), SCON-ING, New Delhi, 34, (2010) @No $ @ @ Pathak H, jain N., Bhatia A, and Gupta H.S., Crop Residues Management with Conservation Agriculture: Potential, Constraints and Policy Needs, (2012) @No $ @ @ HofmanY, Phylipsen G.J.M, Janzic R and Ellenbroek R, Small scale Project design document biomass Rajasthan ICC 30076, (2004) @No $ @ @ Chopra A., Sr. Vice President, Fifth Mentoring Report (Version 01) Biomass in Rajasthan: Electricity Generation from Mustard Crop Residues Reference no. (UNFCCC 00000058-CDMP), (2009) @No $ @ @ Gold standard validation of the CDM Project: Electricity generation from Mustard crop residue; Tonk, India, (2009) @No $ @ @ Gadi R, Kulshrestha UC, Sarkar AK, Garg SC, and Parashar DC, Emissions of SO and NO from bio-fuels in India, Tellus B, 55(3), 787-795 (2003) @No $ @ @ UNFCCC/CCNUCC CDM – Executive Board Mentoring Report (Version 02.0) http://cdm.unfccc.int /Projects/DB/ TUEV-SUED1112801052.32, (2014) @No $ @ @ Derpsch R and Friedrich T, Global overview of conservation agriculture adoption, In: Conservation Agriculture: Innovations for Improving Efficiency, Equity and Environment (Eds. PK Joshi et al.), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, 727-744 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ebeling J.M. and Jenkins H.M., Physical and chemical properties of biomass fuels, Trans ASAE, 28(3), 898 (1985) @No $ @ @ Dubey Anil Kumar, Chandra Pitam, Padheeand Debasish and Gangil S, Energy from Cotton Stalks and other Crop Residues, www.eia.doe.gov, (2010) @No $ @ @ www.productivity.in/.../c.../4.../4.1.3%20Properties%20of%20Coals.pdf , (2014) @No $ @ @ Shehrawat P.S., Sindhu Nitu, Agricultural Waste Utilization for Healthy Environment; Third International Scientific Symposium "AgrosymJahorina 393 10.7251/AGSY1203393S UDK 631.147:577, (2012) @No $ @ @ Zafar Salman, Energy Value of Agricultural Wastes www.bioenergyconsult.com/agricultural-wastes, (2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality at Cheddipalayam area of Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>M.@Sugirtharan,M.@Rajendran<#LINE#>50-54<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-023.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>28/1/2015<#LINE#>2/3/2015<#LINE#>The present study was aimed to analyze the groundwater quality for the irrigation purpose at Cheddipalayam in Batticaloa District. Groundwater samples were collected at three different distances such as 100m, 200m and 300m from seashore. Water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na, sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) and Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio were analyzed. The study revealed that pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na, SAR and Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio values were found within permissible limit for irrigation while EC and TDS were in high range. The pH ranged from 7.23 -8.41 while EC and TDS ranged from 1.18 – 1.60dS/m and 732 – 1065mg/l respectively. Concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ varied from 6.17 - 8.12meq/l, 1.76 – 2.53meq/l and 2.30-3.21meq/l respectively. The pH decreased slightly with distance from seashore while EC, TDS and Na increased slightly with distance. Even though EC and TDS exceed the desirable limits, this groundwater can be used for irrigation purpose with the suitable management practices against salinity.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hem J.D., Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, Scientific publishers, Jodhour, India, (1991) @No $ @ @ Panabokke C.R. and Perera A.P.G.R.L., Water Resources Board, (2005) @No $ @ @ Yogendran M, Sugirtharan M and Pathmarajah S., Variation in the quality of irrigation water with increasing distance from Sea: A Case study in Kaluthawalai village of Batticaloa. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Research session, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, 235-238 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramesh K. and Bhuvana Jagadeeswari P.,Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Periyakulam Taluk of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, I. Res. J. Environment.  Sci., 1(1), 19-27 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ayers R.S. and. Westcott D.W., Water Quality for Agriculture, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rev. 1, 31, (1985) @No $ @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrishna H., Assessment of physic Chemical status of Groundwater samples in Alkot city, Res.J. Chem.Sci., , 117-124 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sarkar A.N. and Wynjones  R.G., Effect of rhizosphere pH on the availability and uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn, J. Plant and Soil., 66(3), 361-372 (1982) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha., Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand district, Gujarat, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Essa T.A., Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth and Nutrient Composition of Three Soyben (Glycine maxL.Merrill) Cultivars, J. Agro. and Crop Sci, 188, 86-93 (2002) @No $ @ @ Fung L.E., Wang S.S., Altman A. and Hütterman A., Effect of NaCl on growth, photosynthesis, ion and water relations of four poplar genotypes, J. Forest Ecol. and Manag., 107(1–3), 135–146 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bauder J.W. and Brock T.A., Irrigation Water Quality, Soil Amendment, and Crop Effects on Sodium Leaching, Arid Land Res. and Management., 15(2), 101-113 (2001) @No $ @ @ Srinivasamoorthy K., Chidambaram S., Ananthan P. and Vasudevan S.,  Application of the statistical analysis of the hydrological study of groundwater in hazard rock terrain, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, J.Geoche., 20,181-190 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ehsan Tavakkoli , Pichu Rengasamy and Glenn K. McDonald.,  High concentrations of Na+ and Cl ions in soil solution have simultaneous detrimental effects on growth of faba bean under salinity stress, J. Experi. Bot., 61(15), 4449-4459 (2010) @No $ @ @ Melgar J.C., Benlloch M. and Ferna´ ndez-Escobar  R.,  Calcium increases sodium exclusion in olive plants, Sci. Hortic., 109, 303-305 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rubio J.S., Garcia-Sanchez F., Rubio F. and Martinez V., Yield, blossom-end rot incidence, and fruit quality in pepper under moderate salinity are affected by K+ and Ca+ fertilization, Sci. Hortic., 119, 79-87 (2009) @No $ @ @ Melgar J.C., Mohamed Y., Serrano N., García-Galavís P.A., Navarro C., Parra M.A., Benlloch M. and Fernández-Escobar R., Long term responses olive trees to salinity, Agric. Water Management., 96, 1105-1113 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dhirendra Mohan Joshi1, Alok Kumar and Namita Agrawal., Assessment of the irrigation water quality of river ganga in haridwar district, Rasayan J. Chem., 2(2), 285-292 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nazir Hussain, Jakhar R.A., Tahir M., Noreen R., Hassan N.M. and Fakhar Mujeeb.,  Impact of Ca/Mg Ratios of Irrigation Water on Soil Properties and Crop Yields, Asian J. Plant Sci., , 51-52 (2002) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Studies on Assessment of water Quality and Hydrological behaviour using Physico- chemical Parameters of surface water of Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga river in Kumaun Himalaya-I<#LINE#>Ashok@Kumar<#LINE#>55-76<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-027.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Kumaun University Soban Singh Jeena Campus Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, INDIA <#LINE#>3/2/2015<#LINE#>20/2/2015<#LINE#>Glacial fed rivers are vital fresh water systems that are critical for the sustenance of life. The present study was carried to access the quality of water and hydrological behaviour using physico-chemical parameters of surface water of glacial fed mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya. Study was conducted between Jauljibi to Madkot with in a river stretch of 44kms. Surface water samples were collected for the analysis of quality of water from three sampling stations (Station1-Jauljibi-600msl; Station2-Baram- 900msl and Staion3-Madkot-1300msl). A total of 12 water quality parameters such as: Ambient temperature, water temperature, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, velocity, acidity and water hardness were monitored from July-2006 to June-2008 for a period of two years. The studies on the analysis of water quality parameters of Goriganga river showed that ambient temperature fluctuated between 11.5C to 32.7C and 11.0C to 32.0C; water temperature 7.1C to 18.9C and 7.5C to 20.0C; Conductivity 0.131 µScm-1 to 0.361 µScm-1 and 0.058 µScm- to 0.322 µScm-; pH 7.0 to 8.87 and 7.0 to 8.5; Alkalinity 62 mg/l to 190 mg/l and 84 mg/l to 180mg/l; Bicarbonate 62.0 mg/l to 180.0 mg/l and 84.0 mg/l to 170.0 mg/l; Free Carbon dioxide zero or absent to 6.0; Dissolved Oxygen 5.6 mg/l to 12.0 mg/l and 6.4 mg/l to 16.8 mg/l; Velocity 0.52 m/sec to 1.72 m/sec and 0.47 m/sec to 1.61 m/sec; Acidity 5.0 mg/l to 30.0 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l to 40.0 mg/l and water hardness 80.0 mg/l to 166 mg/l and 90.0 to 198.0 mg/l during first year (2006-07) and second year (2007-08) respectively. Carbonate at all the selected stations in the Goriganga river remained below the detection limit or mostly absent except few months. Assessment of water quality parameters at the three selected sampling station in the Goriganga river has shown that the water at the surface level was well within the permissible limits prescribed by ISI, ICMR and WHO drinking water standards and the ecological situation in this region is stable, favourable and promising at the present time. Statistically, the correlation between different selected water quality parameters have also been drawn and discussed in the present paper. <#LINE#> @ @ Solanki M.K., Gupta O.P. and Sukdeo P.A., Study of yearly variation and physic-chemical study of river water, underground water and surface water of Rewa city, MP, India, Int. Res. J. Env. Sci.,2(9), 1-4 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav J., Pathak R.K. and Khan E., Analysis of water quality using Physico-chemical parameters, Satak Reservior  in Khargone District, M.P, India, Int. Res. J. Env. Sci.,2(1), 9-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rajiv P., Hassan A.S., Kamaraj M., Rajashwari S. and Sankar A., Physico-chemical and Microbial analysis of different river waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India,Int.Res.J.Env.Sci.,1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yadav S.S. and Kumar R., Monitoring water quality of Kosi river in Rampur District, Uttar Pradesh, India, Advances in Applied Science Research,2(2), 197-201(2011) @No $ @ @ Patil S.S. and Ghorade I.B., Management of water and Eco-Sustainbility assessment of Godavari river from Maharashtra state for sustainable utilization, Indian Journal of Applied Research, 1(1), 19-22 (2011) @No $ @ @ Budhlani G.N., Musaddiq M., Khan J. and Zubair N., Seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of Bor and Vidarbha (Idarba) River of Amravati (M.S), India, Indian Journal of Applied Research, 4(1), 496-499(2014) @No $ @ @ Hassan A.S.S., Ghorade I.B. and Patil S.S., Seasonal variation in different Physico-chemical characteristics in ground water quality of Industrial area, Aurangabad. (Maharashtra), Indian Journal of Applied Research,3(6), 230-231 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ade P.P., A Preliminary study on Assessment of Limnological changes of Morna river in the Akola region using Biological indicators, Indian Journal of Applied Research, Paripex, 1(7), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mahesh M.K., Sushmitha B.R. and Uma H.R., Assessment of water quality for Hebbal lake of Mysore, Global Research Analysis,2(2), 5-6 (2013) @No $ @ @ Singh P., Water quality Assessment of Bada Talab of Rewa Using NSF-WQI, Indian Journal of Applied Research, Paripex,2(11), 294-295 (2013) @No $ @ @ Joshi S. N. Tripathi G. and Tewari H. C., Fish and Fisheries of Goriganga. Advacnes in limnology. (ed.) H.R. Singh. Narendra Publishing house, Delhi, 361-368 (1993) @No $ @ @ A.P.H.A., Standard methods for examination of water and waste waters, American public health Association, New York,1193 (1976) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Work book of limnology, Pratibha Publishers, Sagar, India, 209 (1985) @No $ @ @ Welch P.S., Limnological methods, McGraw.hill Inc., U.S.A., 38 (1948) @No $ @ @ Michael P., Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigation, Tata M.C. Graw Hill. Pub. Comp. Ltd. New Delhi, 401, (1984) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Enviornmental publications, Karda, 248 (1986) @No $ @ @ Prasad S., Elements of Biostatics, Rastogi Publications, Shivaji Road, Meerut, (2003) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Isolation of Plastic Degrading Micro-organisms from Soil Samples Collected at Various Locations in Mumbai, India<#LINE#>Asmita@Kamble,Shubhamsingh@Tanwar,Tejashree@Shanbhag<#LINE#>77-85<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-028.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Biotechnology, Kishinchand Chellaram College, D.W. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai, INDIA @ Department of Life Sciences, Kishinchand Chellaram College, D.W. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai, INDIA<#LINE#>3/2/2015<#LINE#>6/3/2015<#LINE#>Accumulation of plastics, especially Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polystyrene (PS), is an ever increasing ecological threat due to its excessive usage in everyday human life. In contribution to regulate this potent ecological threat an attempt has been made to isolate plastic degrading micro-organisms from five different soil samples viz. Garden soil, Mangrove soil, Forest soil, soil near Petrol Pump, and Garbage soil. In the present study, it was found that after four months of incubation period the percentage loss in weight of PET and PS was highest in the Garden soil and Garbage soil respectively as compare to other soil samples in regards with Gram positive coccobacillus, Gram negative cocci, Gram negative rod shaped bacillus, Gram positive cocci (in clusters) in Garden soil and Gram negative cocci (in singles) in Garbage soil. In addition to this, the degradation rate of PET and PS by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Aspergillus Niger was also observed separately. It was also noted that the percentage loss in weight of PS was highest by Bacillus subtilis (in Nutrient broth and Bushnell Hass broth), whereas in the case of PET, percentage loss in the weight was highest by Bacillus subtilis in Nutrient broth, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bushnell Hass broth, and Aspergillus niger in Rose Bengal broth. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumari N.A., Kumari P. and Murthy N.S., A Novel Mathematical Approach for Optimization of Plastic Degradation, Int. J. Engg. Trends and Tech., 4(8), 3539- 3542 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan K., Polythene and Plastics-degrading microbes from the mangrove soil, Rev. Biol. Trop., 51(3), 629-634 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sreedevi S., Solid Waste Generation and its Management- A Case Study, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 4(1), 90-93 (2015) @No $ @ @ Figueroa-Hernández C., Cruz-Guerrero A., Reyes-Velázquez M. and Romero G. R., Microbial degradation of polystyrene, Poster presented at 12th International Symposium on the Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms (GIM 2013; IV-C121) in Cancun QR, México, (2013) @No $ @ @ Mwasha A., Management of Polystyrene Wastes Using a Supercritical Solvent - Propanone. The J. Asso. of Professional Engineers of Trinidad and Tobago, 41(1), 23-28, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sarker M. and Md. Mamunor R., Waste Plastics Mixture of Polystyrene and Polypropylene into Light Grade Fuel using Fe Catalyst, Int. J. Renew Energy Tech. Res., 2(1)17-28 (2013) @No $ @ @ Raj R., Nayak M. K., Md. Akbari A. and Saha P., Prospects of Expanded Polystyrene Sheet as Green Building Material, Int. J. Civil Engg. Res., 5(2), 145-150 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim D., Bankole O. C., Ma’aji, S. A, Ohize E. J. and Abdul B. K., Assessment of the Strength Properties of Polystyrene Material used in Building Construction in Mbora District Of Abuja, Nigeria, Int. J. Engg. Res. Dev., 6(12), 80-84 (2013) @No $ @ @ Polystyrene and EPS market expected to grow at a healthy rate of 5.6% from 2010-2020. URL: http://www.plastemart.com/Plastic-Technical-Article.asp?, LiteratureID=1916&Paper=polystyrene-expandable-polystyrene-eps-market-to-grow-healthy-rate-5.6-percent-from-2010-202 (last accessed December 16 (2014) @No $ @ @ Barnes M., Chan-Halbrendt C., Zhang Q. and Abejon N., Consumer Preference and Willingness to Pay for Non-Plastic Food Containers in Honolulu, USA. J. Env. Protec., , 1264-1273 (2011) @No $ @ @ McCarthy J., Gong X., Nahirney D., Duszyk M. and Radomski M. W., Polystyrene nanoparticles activate ion transport in human airway epithelial cells, Int. J. Nanomedicine, , 1343–1356 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nowak B., Pajak J., Labuzek S., Rymarz G. and Talik E., Biodegradation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) modified with Polyester “Bionolle®” by Penicillium funiculosum, Polimery, 56(1), 35-44 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shah A., A Role of Microorganisms in Bioderadation of Plastics (PhD Thesis), Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. (2007) @No $ @ @ Graca B., Be\ndowska M., Wrzesie P. and Zgrundo A., Styrofoam debris as a potential carrier of mercury within ecosystems, Env. Sci. Pol. Res., 21, 2263–2271 (2014) @No $ @ @ Gnanavel G., Mohana V. P., Valli J., Thirumarimurugan M. and Kannadasan T., Degradation of Plastic Wastes using Microbes, Elixir Int. J., 54, 12212-12214 (2012) @No $ @ @ Webb H., Biodegradation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) by Marine Bacteria, and Strategies for its Enhancement (PhD Thesis). 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Resources<#LINE#>BinayPrakash@Panigrahy,PrasoonKumar@Singh,AshwaniKumar@Tiwari,Bijendra@Kumar<#LINE#>86-92<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-278.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>29/12/2014<#LINE#>5/2/2015<#LINE#>Water is crucial for life, but its accessibility at a sustainable quality and quantity is endangered by many factors, of which climate plays a leading role. Climate change may affect both the long-term availability and the short-term variability of water resources in many regions. Climate change will change the world of the present situation of the hydrologic cycle, and cause the re-distribution of water resources in time and space. Changes in global climate are expected to affect the hydrological cycle, altering surface-water levels and groundwater recharge to aquifers with various other associated impacts on natural ecosystems and human activities. It also will have a direct effect on the evaporation, runoff, and the soil humidity and so on. The impacts of climate change are also likely to be more profound for unconfined aquifer systems, which may respond rapidly to changes in the recharge regime? The redistribution and changes of water resources in space will cause the human society and ecology change a lot. Increases in runoff, flooding, or sea level rise can reduce the quality of water and can harm aquatic organisms that live in cold-water habitats. This paper presents the likely impact of climate change on groundwater resources, climate change scenario for groundwater, status of research studies carried out, and hydrological variability of groundwater resources. <#LINE#> @ @ Trenberth K.E. and Shea D.J., Relationships between precipitation and surface temperature, Geophys Res. 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<#LINE#>Zeolite Synthesis Strategies from Coal Fly Ash: A Comprehensive Review of Literature<#LINE#>Shaila@Khadse,Nisha@Dawle,Pralhad@Patil,Deepa@Panhekar<#LINE#>93-99<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-004.pdf<#LINE#>LIT, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, INDIA  @ Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ambedkar College, Deeksha Bhoomi, Nagpur, INDIA <#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#>25/2/2015<#LINE#>The ever increasing energy demand in developing world will result in sustainable increase in the fly ash generation, which will remain a cause of concern as far as its management is concerned. However, technological advance may prove to be effective in fly ash management as well as its possible utilization through the zeolites. The zeolites are known to possess many beneficial properties (such as ion-exchange property), however, its cost effective production using fly ash as a raw material has still not been standardized. In view of this, the present study (literature review) was carried out to understand the evolution of zeolite synthesis strategies adopted by different researchers. The literature clearly indicates that zeolite synthesis depends on physico-chemical properties of the raw material as well as reaction mixture. However, it also suggests that the current state of knowledge can be readily used for further advancement of the zeolite synthesis processes on commercial level using fly ash as the primary source of raw material.  <#LINE#> @ @ Bhattacharjee TC Kandpal, Potential of fly ash utilisation in India, Journal of Cleaner Production, 27(2), 151-166, (2002) @No $ @ @ Doula M, Synthesis of a clinoptilolite-Fe system with high Cu sorption capacity, Chemosphere, 67, 731-740, (2007) @No $ @ @ Foldesova M, Hudec P and Dillinger P, Chemically modified zeolites: Surfaces and interaction with Cs and Co,  Petroleum and Coal, 49, 60-63, (2007) @No $ @ @ Hossein GM,  Hossein K, Ali N.M, Ali M and Reza P.M, Ion Exchange Behavior of Zeolites A and P Synthesized Using Natural Clinoptilolite, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,  27, 111-117, (2008) @No $ @ @ Wei-Heng S and Hsiao-Lan C, Conversion of fly ash into zeolites for ion-exchange  applications, Materials Letters,  28, 263-268, (1996) @No $ @ @ Zhao XS, Lu GQ and Zhu HY, Effects of Ageing and Seeding on the Formation of Zeolite Y from Coal FlyAsh, Journal of Porous Materials, , 245-251, (1997) @No $ @ @ Querol X, Alastuey A, López-Soler A and Plana F, A Fast Method for Recycling Fly Ash: Microwave-Assisted Zeolite Synthesis, Environ. 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Sci., 27, 555-564, (2004) @No $ @ @ Rayalu SS, Udhoji JS, Meshram SU, Naidu RR and Devotta S, Estimation of crystallinity in fly ash-based zeolite-A using XRD and IR spectroscopy, Current Science,  89, 2147-2151 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hui K.S and Chao CYH, Effects  of  step-change  of  synthesis  temperature  on synthesis of zeolite 4A from coal fly ash, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 88, 145-151 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rungsuk D, Apiratikul R, Pavarajarn V and Pavasant P, Zeolite Synthesis from Fly Ash from Coal-fired Power Plant by Fusion Method, The 2nd Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment”, E-042(P), Thailand, (2006) @No $ @ @ SilvaI DL, Brunner G, Desorption of heavy metals from ion exchange resin with water and carbon dioxide, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23, 213-218, (2006) @No $ @ @ Musyoka NM, Petrik LF,  Balfour G, Misheer N,  Gitari W and Mabovu B,  Removal of toxic elements from brine using Zeolite Na-P1 made from a South African coal fly ash,  International Mine Water Conference Proceedings, 680-687, (2009) @No $ @ @ Pandey PK, Sharma SK and Sambi SS, Kinetics and equilibrium study of chromium adsorption on zeolite NaX, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 7, 395-404 (2010) @No $ @ @ Solanki P, Gupta V and Kulshrestha R,Synthesis of Zeolite from Fly Ash and Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Newly Synthesized Zeolite, E-Journal of Chemistry, 1200-1205, (2010) @No $ @ @ Mackinnon IDR, Millar GJ and Wanda SW, Low temperature synthesis of zeolite N from kaolinites and montmorillonites, Applied Clay Science, 48, 622-630,(2010) @No $ @ @ Moutsatsoua A, Karakasia OK, Koukouzasb N, Itskosb GS and Vasilatosc C,  Synthesis of zeolitic materials utilizing CFB-derived coal fly ash as a raw material, http://users.uoa.gr, accessed on 15Th March, (2012) @No $ @ @ Murayama N, Yamamoto H and Shibata J, Mechanism of zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash by alkali hydrothermal reaction, International Journal of Mineral Processing,  64(1), 1-17, (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar P,  Rayalu S and Dhopte SM, Flyash based zeolite-A  suitable  sorbent  for  lead  removal,  Indian journal  of  chemical technology, 11, 227-233, (2004) @No $ @ @ Somerset VS, Petrik LF, White RA, Klink MJ, Key D and Iwuoha EI, Alkaline hydrothermal zeolites synthesized  from  high  SiO and  Al co-disposal fly ash  filtrates,  Fuel,  84, 2324-2329, (2005) @No $ @ @ Bakharev T, Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing,   Cement and concrete research,35, 1224-1232, (2005) @No $ @ @ Moriyama R, Takeda S,  Onozaki M,  Katayama  Y, Fukuda KT, Sugihara H and Tani Y, Large-scale synthesis of artificial zeolite from coal fly ash with a small charge of alkaline solution, Fuel, 84, 1455-1461 (2005) @No $ @ @ Udhoji JS, Bansiwal AK,  Meshram SU and Rayalu SS, Improvement  in optical brightness of fly ash based zeolite- A for use as detergent builder,  Journal of Scientific and Industrial research,  64, 367-371, (2005) @No $ @ @ Tanaka H, Eguchi H, Fujimoto S and Hino R, Two-step process for synthesis of a single phase Na-A zeolite from coal fly ash by dialysis, Fuel, 85, 1329-1334 (2006) @No $ @ @ Moutsatsou A., Stamatakis E., Hatzitzotzia K. and Protonotarios V.,  The utilization of Ca-rich and Ca-Si-rich fly ashes in zeolites production, Fuel, 85, 657-663(2006) @No $ @ @ Chen J., Kong H., Wu D,  Hu Z.,  Wang Z. and Wang Y., Removal  of  phosphate  from  aqueous  solution  by  zeolite synthesized from fly ash, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 300, 491-497, (2006) @No $ @ @ Tanaka H,  Fujii  A, Fujimoto S and Tanaka Y, Microwave-Assisted Two-Step  Process  for  the  Synthesis  of  a  Single-Phase Na-A Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash, Advanced Powdered Technology, 19, 83-94 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang CF, Li JS, Wang LJ and Sun XY, Influence of NaOH concentrations on synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash using two-stage method, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155, 58-64 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wu D, Sui Y, Chen X, He S, Wang X and Hainan Kong, Changes  of mineralogical-chemical  composition,  cation exchange  capacity,  and  phosphate  immobilization  capacity  during  the hydrothermal conversion process of coal fly ash into zeolite, Fuel,  87, 2194-2200, (2008) @No $ @ @ Fotovat F, Kazemian H and Kazemeini M, Synthesis of Na-A and faujasitic zeolites from high silicon  fly  ash,  Materials   Research Bulletin, 44, 913-917, (2009) @No $ @ @ Belviso C, Cavalcante F and Fiore S, Synthesis of zeolite  from Italian coal fly ash: Differences in crystallization temperature using seawater  instead  of  distilled  water,  Waste Management, 30, 839-847, (2010) @No $ @ @ Gross-Lorgouilloux M, Soulard M, Caullet P, Patarin J, Moleiro E and Saude I, Conversion of coal fly ashes into faujasite under soft  temperature  and  pressure  conditions Influence  of  additional silica, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 127, 41-49, (2010) @No $ @ @ Gross-Lorgouilloux M, Caullet P, Soulard M, Patarin J, Moleiro E and Saude I, Conversion of coal fly ashes into faujasite under soft   temperature   and pressure conditions Mechanisms of Crystallization, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 131, 407-417, (2010) @No $ @ @ Medina A, Gamero P,  Almanza JM, Vargas A, Montoya A, Vargas G and Izquierdo M, Fly  ash  from  a Mexican  mineral  coal.  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Source  of  W  zeolite  and  its  effectiveness arsenic  (V) adsorption, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181,91-104, (2010) @No $ @ @ Oh JE, Moon J, Mancio M, Clark SM, Paulo JM and Monteiro P, Bulk  modulus  of  basic  sodalite, Na8[AlSiO4]6 (OH)2·2H2O, A possible zeolitic precursor in coal-fly-ash-based geopolymers,  Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 107-112 (2011) @No $ @ @ Juliana de, Izidoro C, Fungaro DA, Santos F and Wang S, Characteristics  of  Brazilian  coal  fly  ashes  and  their synthesized zeolites,  Fuel Processing Technology,  97, 38-44 (2012) @No $ @ @ Musyoka NM, Petrik LF, Hums E,  Baser H and  Schwieger W, In situ ultrasonic monitoring of zeolite A crystallization from coal fly ash, Catalysis Today, 190, 38-46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Belviso C, Cavalcante F, Huertas FJ, Lettino A, Ragone P and Fiore S, The crystallization of zeolite (X- and A-type) from fly ash at 25°C in artificial sea water,  Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 162, 115-121 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thuadaji P and Nuntiya A, Preparation and Characterization of Faujasite using Fly Ash and Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash, Procedia Engineering 32, 1026-1032 (2012) @No $ @ @ Li Q, Xu H,  Li F, Li P, Shen L. and Zhai J, Synthesis of geopolymer composites from blends of CFBC fly and bottom ashes,  Fuel, 97, 366-372 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mackinnon IDR, Millar GJ and Wanda S.W., Hydrothermal syntheses of zeolite N from kaolin, Applied Clay Science, 58,1-7, (2012) @No $ @ @ Chareonpanich M, Jullaphan O and Tang C, Bench-scale synthesis of zeolite A from sub bituminous coal ashes with high crystalline silica content, Journal of Cleaner Production 63,  58–63 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mezni M, Hamzaoui A, Hamdi N and Srasra E, Synthesis of zeolites from the low-grade Tunisian natural illite by two different methods, Applied Clay Science, 52, 209-218 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vongvoradit P Worathanakul, Fast  Crystallization  of  SUZ-4  Zeolite  with Hydrothermal  Synthesis:  Part I Temperature and Time Effect, Procedia Engineering32, 198-204 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sun M, Hunt HK, Lew CM, Cai R, Liu Y and Yan Y,A Dynamic Organic Structuring-Directing  Agent  for  Pure-Silica-Zeolite  AST  and  LTA  Syntheses,Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 33, 85-91 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kucba IM, A simple  thermogravimetric method for the evaluation of the degree of fly ash conversion into zeolite material, Journal of Porous Materials, DOI 10.1007/s10934-012-9610-1, (2012) @No $ @ @ Shoumkova A and Stoyanova V, Zeolites formation by hydrothermal alkali  activation  of  coal  fly ash  from  thermal  power  station “Maritsa  3”, Bulgaria, Fuel, 103, 533-541 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wdowin M, Franus M, Panek R,  Badura L and Franus W, The conversion technology of fly ash into zeolites. 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Sci.,5(1), 78-82 (2015) @No $ @ @ Malarvizhi T.S., Santhi T and Manonmani S., A Comparative Study of Modified Lignite Fly Ash for the Adsorption of Nickel from Aqueous Solution by Column and Batch Mode Study, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,3(2), 44-53 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of common People towards Solid Waste Management-A case study of Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>Ali@Haider,Aleem@Amber,Shahid@Ammara,SaleemMahrukh@Khan,Aisha@Butt<#LINE#>100-107<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-002.pdf<#LINE#>The Urban Unit, Urban Sector Planning and Management Services Unit (USPMSU) (Pvt) Ltd. 5th Floor, Office No.3, Shaheen Complex, Egerton Road, Lahore,PAKISTAN <#LINE#>2/1/2015<#LINE#>17/2/2015<#LINE#>From the past few decades, Solid Waste Management (SWM) has emerged out as a serious matter of global concern because rapid increase in population and overexploitation of non-renewable resources generated huge piles of waste materials that are far beyond the carrying capacity of the earth and posing serious threats to environment and health. However, it is always challenging to combat the rising amount of solid waste issue before assessing the awareness status of the people. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the attitudes, perception and awareness status regarding SWM practices of the people of Lahore. SWM is essential for sustainable development hence required intensive research nowadays. Respondents of three different income levels (high, middle and low) of Lahore City were analyzed through questionnaire survey, conducted through door to door and face to face interviews, of 300 households. The survey revealed that contemporary SWM practices have been improved but still unsatisfactory. Source separation and recycling were hardly practiced and people habitually sweep their places while throwing the waste components in the streets or nearby plots. The three income levels contributed about 564kg/day of solid waste, among which low income areas contributed 171kg/day, middle income areas 194kg/day and higher income areas 199kg/day and the quantity of waste increased as the number of family members increased. Generally the composition of solid waste includes fruits and vegetables 65.2%, plastic 20.2%, paper 10.9%, glass 0.3%, textile 3.3% and others 0.1% respectively. Although, 78.5% people were willing to pay for recycling, HIA generated more waste and more satisfied than others, however, trend of reuse of old items and waste collection varied from higher to lower income level. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhuiyan S.H., A crisis in governance: Urban solid waste management in Bangladesh, Habitat International, 34(1), 125–133 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kaseva M.E. and Mbuligwe S.E., Appraisal of solid waste collection following private sector involvement in Dar-es-Salaam, Habitat International, 29(2), 353-366 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cointreau S., Occupational and environmental health issues of solid waste management, World Bank urban Sector Board, Urban Paper Series No. UP-2, 48 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhen-shan L., Lei Y., Xiao-Yan Q. and Yu-mei S., Municipal solid waste management in Beijing City, Waste Management, 29(10), 2618–2624 (2009) @No $ @ @ Batool S.A. and Chaudhary M.N., Municipal solid waste management in Lahore city district, Pakistan, Waste Management, 29(6), 1971–1981 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharholy M., Ahmad K., Mahmood G. and Trived R. C., Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities: a review, Waste Management, 28(2), 459–467 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kasseva M.E. and Mbuligwe S.E., Ramifications of solid waste disposal site relocation in urban areas of developing countries: A case study in Tanzania. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 28(1), 147–61 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury M., Searching quality data for municipal solid waste planning, Waste Management, 29(8), 2240–2247 (2009) @No $ @ @ Asase M., Yanful E.K., Mensah M., Stanford J. and Amponsah S., Comparison of municipal solid waste management systems in Canada and Ghana: a case study of the cities of London, Ontario, and Kumasi, Ghana, Waste Management, 29(10), 2779–2786 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gowda K., Sridhara M.V. and Chandrashekar M.N., Planning Strategies for Municipal Solid Waste Management in the City of Hassan, Karnataka, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research, 2(3), 948 – 958 (2014) @No $ @ @ Jin J., Wang Z. and Ran S., Solid waste management in Macao: practices and challenges, Waste Management, 26(9), 1045–51 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aytül Kasapolu and Feryal Turan, Attitudebehaviour relationship in environmental education: A case study from Turkey, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 65(2), 219-231 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Plant Invasion Ecology of an Indo-Burma Hot spot region along the Disturbance Gradient: A case study<#LINE#>PrabhatKumar@Rai<#LINE#>108-114<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-008.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl, INDIA <#LINE#>12/1/2015<#LINE#>17/2/2015<#LINE#>Plant invasion is the priority threat to global biodiversity and hence deleterious to both ecology and economy of any nation. Invasive plants or weeds transmogrify the landscapes of urban forests and duly affect its phytosociology as well as diversity of native species in a complex intricate manner. Various hypotheses have been proposed to understand the basic mechanism of succession in order to device sustainable management strategy, however, no one describe it in its totality. Present case study was performed in urban forests of Aizawl, Mizoram, North East India falling under an Indo-Burma hot spot region of existing ecological relevance and pristine environment. Phytosociolology of invasive weeds and soil attributes (pH, soil moisture, soil respiration) or resources (organic matter, C, N, K) were analyzed along a disturbance gradient. Ageratum conizoides was the widest occurring invasive weed which was recorded at all the three sites along the disturbance gradient. Organic matter, soil carbon, soil moisture, soil respiration, soil nitrogen; soil pH was recorded highest at disturbed sites which may be responsible for highest diversity of weeds. Results concluded that high intensity of disturbance and plenty of soil resources may facilitate the site ripe for plant invasion.<#LINE#> @ @ Rai P.K., Plant invasion ecology: Impacts and Sustainable management, Nova Science Publisher, New York, 196 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K., Land Use Changes in North Eastern Himalayan Region (an Indo-Burma Hot spot) and its Impact on Human Health, In Biodiversity and Sustainable Development(Ed. K.N. Tiwari and S. Lata), Prasanna Prakashan, Bhopal, 175-192, (2011) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K., Assessment of Multifaceted Environmental Issues and Model Development of an Indo- Burma Hot Spot Region, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment184,113–131 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K. and Lalramnghinglova H., Threatened and less known ethnomedicinal plants of an Indo-Burma hotspot region: conservation implications, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,178, 53–62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K. and Panda L.S., Dust capturing potential and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of some roadside tree vegetation in Aizawl, Mizoram, India: An Indo-Burma hot spot region, Air quality, Atmosphere and Health, 7(1), 193-101 (2014a)  @No $ @ @ Rai P.K. and Panda L.S., Leaf dust deposition and its impact on biochemical aspect of some roadside plants in Aizawl, Mizoram, North-East India, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(11), 14-19 (2014b) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K. and Chutia B.M., Assessment of Ambient air quality status Before and after shifting cultivation in an Indo-Burma hot spot region, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(11), 1-5 (2014) @No $ @ @ Sala O.E. et al., Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100, Science, 287, 1770-1774 (2000)  @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association  114Table-11 Soil Nitrogen at different sites (April, 2012) @No $ @ @ Didham R.K., Tylianakis J.M., Hutchison M.A., Ewers,R.M. and Gemmell N.J., Are invasive species the drivers of ecological change? Trends in Ecology and Evolution,20(9), 470-474 (2005)@No $ @ @ GISP, The IAS problem, The Global Invasive Species Programme, (2003)  @No $ @ @ Sharma G.P., Raghubanshi A.S. and Singh J.S., Lantana invasion: An overview, Weed Biology and Management , 157–165 (2005) @No $ @ @ Davis A.M., Invasion Biology, Oxford University Press, 244 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rai, P.K., Comparative Assessment of Soil Properties after Bamboo Flowering and Death in a Tropical Forest of Indo-Burma Hot spot, Ambio: A Journal on Human Environment,38(2), 118-120 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kershaw R.A., Quantitative and dynamic plant ecology, London: Edward Arnold Ltd, (1973) @No $ @ @  Mishra R.,Ecology work book, New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., (1968) @No $ @ @  Jackson M.L., Soil chemical analysis, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1958) @No $ @ @ Brooker R.W., Plant–plant interactions and environmental change, New Phytologist,171, 271–284 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No