@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Geophysical Delineation of Subsurface Fracture Associated with Okposi-Uburu Salt Lake Southeastern, Nigeria<#LINE#>E.I.@Okoyeh,A.E.@Akpan,B.C.E.@Egboka,@OkoloM.C.,H.C.@Okeke<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-234.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, NIGERIA Physics Department University of Calabar, NIGERIA <#LINE#>21/10/2014<#LINE#>5/12/2014<#LINE#>10 vertical electrical sounding (VES) and 2 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were conducted around the vicinity of Okposi and Uburu salt lakes to delineate the depth of salty groundwater and the fracture zone that serve as conduit through which the salt lakes are recharged. 4 to 5 geoelectric layers were delineated from the computer interpreted VES data. The resistivity of the first to the fifth layer range from 82.3 to 397.3 m, 1.7 to 97.9 m, 17.3 to 244.1 m, 5.9 to 71.9 m, 42.7 to 95.8 m and were interpreted as shalely sand, fractured shale, shalestone, fracture shale, shalestone respectively. The thickness of the first layer is approximately 3m while the second layer ranges from 5 m to 25 m.  An anomalous low resistivity region was observed from the ERT image at a depth of 5 m confirming the VES results. The low resistivity unit interpreted as fractured shale is an indication of salt water reservoir. The fractured shale also forms significant conduits at the base of the lakes for recharge.  <#LINE#> @ @ Okoyeh E.I. and Egboka B.C.E., Evaluation of Hydrochemical Parameters of Okposi and Uburu Salt Lakes, Nigeria, IJSER, 4(6), 2882-2889 (2013http://www.ijser.org, (2013) @No $ @ @ Tijani M.N. and Uma K.O., Geological, Geophysical and Hydrochemical studies of the Okpoma Brine field, Lower Benue Trough, South-eastern Nigeria, Jour of Min and Geol., 34(1), 55- 68 (1998) @No $ @ @ Majumdar R.K. and Das D., Geoelectric and Geochemical studies for hydrological Characterization of Sagar Island regoin, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, IAHS-AISH Publ.,(312), 50-59 (2007) @No $ @ @ Stewart M., Layton M and Lizanec T.,  Application of resistivity surveys to regional hydrologic reconnaissance, Ground Water,21, 42-48 (1983) @No $ @ @ Niwas S. and Singhal D.C., Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar-Zarrouk parameters in porous media, J. Hydrol.,50, 393-399 (1981) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             66.Ekwe A.C.,  Onu N.N and Onuoha K.M.,  Estimation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics from electrical sounding data : The case of middle imo river basin aquifers, south-eastern Nigeria, J. Spatial Hydrol., 6, 121-131 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kneisel C., Assessment of subsurface lithology in mountain environments using 2D resistivity imaging,Geomorphology,80(1-2), 32-44 (2006) @No $ @ @ Casas A., Himi M., Diaz Y., Pinto V., Font X. and Tapias J.C., Assessing aquifer vulnerability to pollutants by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) at a nitrate vulnerable zone in NE Spain, Enviro. Geo.,54, 515–520 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sudha K., Israil M., Mittal S. and Rai J., Soil characterization using electrical resistivity tomography and geotechnical investigations, Applied Geophy,67, 74-79 (2009) @No $ @ @ Giocoli A., Quadrio B., Bellanova J., Lapenna V. and Piscitelli S., Electrical resistivity tomography for studying liquefaction induced by the May 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake (Mw = 6.1, North Italy), Nat. Haz. and Earth Sys. Sci. Discussions, 1, 5545–5560 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wallin E.L., Johnson T.C., Greenwood W.J. and Zachara J.M., Imaging high stage river-water intrusion into a contaminated aquifer along a major river corridor using 2-D time-lapse surface electrical resistivity tomography, Water Res. Res., 49(3), 1693-1708 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ingham M., High resolution electrical imaging of fault zones. Phy. of the Earth and Plan, Interiors,150, 93-105 (2005) @No $ @ @ Schuett H., Kiessling D., Schoebel B., Krueger K., Schmidt-Hattenberger C. and Schiling F., Monitoring of geological CO storage with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) : Results from a field experiment near Ketzin/Germany, American Geophy, Union, Fall Meeting Abstract,  S54A-03,  (2008) @No $ @ @ Akpan A.E., George N.J. and George A.M., Geophysical investigation of some prominent gully erosion sites in Calabar, southeastern Nigeria and its implications to hazard prevention, Disaster Adv.,2(3), 46-50 (2009) @No $ @ @ Akpan A.E., Ukwang E.E. and Esu E.O., Investigating the state of some engineering materials in parts of Akamkpa area of the Precambrian Oban Massif, southeastern Nigeria, Jour. of Min. and Geo.,40(2), 113-119 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chambers J.E., Wilkinson P.B., Wealthall, G.P., Loke, M.H., Dearden, R., Wilson R., Allen D. and Ogilvy, R.D. Hydrogeophysical imaging of deposit heterogeneity and groundwater chemistry changes during DNAPL source zone bioremediation, Jour. of Cont. Hydrol.,118(1-2), 43–61 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rosales R.M., Martínez-Pagan P., Faz A. and Moreno-Cornejo J., Environmental Monitoring using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the subsoil of three Former Petrol Stations in SE Spain, Water, Air and Pollution, doi,10, 1007/s11270-012-1146-0 (2012) @No $ @ @ Reyment R.A., Aspect of the Geology of Nigeria, Ibadan Univ, Press, Ibadan, 145 (1965) @No $ @ @ Nwachukwu S.O., The tectonic evolution o the southern portion of the Benur Trough, Nigeria, Geol. Mag., 109, 411- 419 (1972) @No $ @ @ Wright J.B., Origin of the Benue Trough : A critical review in Geology of Nigeria. (ed. C.O. Kogbe), Elizabethan publ. Co. Lagos, 187-205 (1976) @No $ @ @ Offodile M.E., Hydrogeochemical interpretation of the middle Benue and Abakaliki brine Fields, Jour of Min. and geo.,  13(2) 79 (1976) @No $ @ @ Ofoegbu C.O., A tectonic model for the evolution of the Benue Trough of Nigeria, Geol. Rundschau, 73, 1007-1018 (1984) @No $ @ @ Akande S.O., Hoffknecht A. and Erdtmann B.D., Environment of ore formation and anchizonal metamorphism in Pb-Zn-flourite-barite deposits of the Benue trough, Nigeria, Geol. en Mijnbouw, 74, 131-144 (1992) @No $ @ @ Agarwal M., Jain S. and Shandilya A.K., Hydro-Chemical Evaluation of Ground Water of Area Around Raisar, Bikaner District, Rajasthan, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(5), 72-78 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Agribusiness Opportunity for Pigeon pea growing Farmers<#LINE#>Rachana@Patil<#LINE#>7-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-250.pdf<#LINE#>PGDM Rural Management, Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Matunga, Mumbai, INDIA <#LINE#>18/11/2014<#LINE#>19/12/2014<#LINE#>Pulses occupy a unique position in Indian agriculture. It plays a vital role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in to Nitrate and make the soil fertile.  Akola district of Maharashtra is one of the important pulse trading centers in India. Agro climatic condition of Akola district of India is suitable for pigeon pea   crop hence it is an important pulse crop in the area. Secondary data on area production and productivity were collected from various government publication and websites for the period of 2001-2011. An effort has been made to prove the leverage of suitable agro climatic condition for the pulse crops and agribusiness opportunity available in that area. Growth and instability of pigeon pea   crop shows significant and positive growth rate over the period of time. Even if having diverse cropping pattern in the area. Instead of depending upon only farming; farmers can go for subsidiary agribusiness. “Mini dal mill” can be a good agribusiness in that area. As it required less investment and can gets good return. Government subsidy is also available for the same. Farmers, self help group (SHG), small entrepreneur, unemployed youth can leverage this opportunity and can start their own agribusiness. <#LINE#> @ @ Singh D.V. and Swarup R., Trends in production, productivity and acreage of pulses in Himachal Pradesh, Indian J. Agric. Econ., XXXVII(3), (1982) @No $ @ @ Senthil Velsivasakthivel and Natarajan Nandini, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(10), 43-46 (2014) @No $ @ @ Tripathy S., Pradhan P.N. and Mishra S.N., An analysis of growth and instability of pulses production in Orissa, The Bihar Jr. Agril. Mktg., VI(2), (1998) @No $ @ @ Nakade D.B., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(2), 63-65(2013) @No $ @ @ Subin M.P. and Miji P.M. , Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 1-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Devi Priyamvada, Sirisha D., and Gandhi N., Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar Hemant, Devaraj and Shivkumar, Trends and decomposition analysis of pigeonpea in India, Agril. Situation In India, LXII(8), (2005) @No $ @ @ Keshav K., Deshmukh and Sainath P., Aher, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,3(10), 32-37 (2014) @No $ @ @ Singh K.M., Chaudhari J.N. and Singh R.K.P., An analysis of compound growth rates and factors affecting area, production and productivity of gram in Bihar,  Agril. Situation In India, XLV II(11), (1993) @No $ @ @ Meenakshi R. and Gayathri J., Instability in cereals production: An analysis of Tamil Nadu, Agril. Situation In India, LXIII (7), (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Meteorological Influence on the Ambient Air Quality of Bhadravathi Town, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>@NuthankumarD1,Kousar@Hina<#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-262.pdf<#LINE#>2  Department of PG studies and research in Environmental science, shankaraghatta-577451, Shimoga, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>4/12/2014<#LINE#>2nd/2/2015<#LINE#>Deteriorating air quality of urban areas is due to large scale urbanization and globalization leading to unsustained development with a great impact on human health, agriculture, climate and ecosystem. The weather elements greatly affect the distribution and concentration of different air pollutants at a particular area and hence the present study was undertaken with an objective of monitoring selected meteorological parameters of specific areas of the town and to correlate them with the pollutants. Sampling site III was the most polluted of all the sampling sites. SPM concentration exceeds but SO and NO were well below the permissible limit. Wind direction and wind speed were found to have a significant influence on the distribution of air pollutants in the sampling sites.    <#LINE#> @ @ Decker E.H., Elliot S., Smith F.A., Blake D.R. and Rowland F.S., Energy and material flow through the urban environment,  Annu. Rev. Energy Environ, 25, 685–740 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mayer M., Wang C., Webster R. and Prinn R.G., Linking local air pollution to global chemistry and climate, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25-31 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sonal S Verma and Birva Desai, Effect of Meteorological Conditions on Air Pollution of Surat City, J. Int. Environmental Application and Science, 3, 358-367 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fahimeh Hosseinibalam and Azadeh Hejazi., Influence of Meteorological Parameters on Air Pollution in Isfahan, IPCBEE46, 2 (2012) @No $ @ @ D'Donoghue J.G. and Groesser. F.E., Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on Guinea Pigs and Swine, Can. J. compu. med. vet. sci.,26, 255-263 (1962) @No $ @ @ Corn M., Kotsko N., Stanton D., Bell W. and Thomas A.P., Response of Cats to Inhaled Mixtures of SO and SO-NaCl Aerosol in Air,  Arch. Environ. Health,24, 248-256 (1972) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             157.Costa D.L. and Amdur M.O., Air Pollution, In : Klaasen C.D., Amdur M.O. and Doull J. (eds), Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons,, 857-882 (1996) @No $ @ @ Natori T. and Tgtsuko T., Effects of mixed gas on transpiration rate of several woody plants, I. Interspecific differences in the effects of mixed gas on transpiration rate, Research  Report No. 15, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan, (1984) @No $ @ @ Saxe H., Stomata dependent and stomatal independent uptake of NOx, New Phytologist, 103, 199-205 (1986) @No $ @ @ Chauhan A and Joshi P.C., Effect of ambient air pollutants on wheat and mustard crops growing in the vicinity of urban and industrial areas, New York Science Journal, , 52- 60 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jayanthi V. and Krishnamoorthy R., Key airborne pollutants-Impact on human health in Manali, Chennai, Current science, 90, 405-413 (2006) @No $ @ @ Barman S.C., Kumar N., Singh R., Kisku G.C., Khan A.H., Kidwai M.M., Murthy R.C., Negi M.P.S., Pandey P., Verma A.K., Jain G. and Bhargava S.K., Assessment of urban air pollution and its probable health impact, Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 913-920 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sayanti Kar and Phalguni Mukherje., Studies on Interrelations among SO2, NO2 and PM10 Concentrations and Their Predictions in Ambient Air in Kolkata, Open Journal of Air Pollution,, 42-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gupta H.K., Gupta V.B., Rao C.V.C., Gajghate D.G. and Hasan M.Z.,Urban air quality and its management strategy for a metropolitan city of India, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,68, 347-354 (2002) @No $ @ @ Faiz A., Surhid Gautam and Emaad Burki., Air pollution from motor vehicles : Issues and options from Latin American countries, The science of the total environment, 169, 303-310 (1995) @No $ @ @ Agarwal R., Jayaraman G., Anand S. and Marimuthu P., Assessing respiratory morbidity through pollution status and meteorological conditions for Delhi, Environ. Monit. Assess, 114, 489-504 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>General awareness and Perceptions about Sacred Groves and Biodiversity Conservation in Urban people of Bankura District, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Prasad@MondalRajendra,Subhadip@Pati,Soumik@Sarkar,Arpan@Gayen,@GuinPriya,Trisha@Mishra<#LINE#>16-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-266.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, INDIA <#LINE#>12/12/2014<#LINE#>23rd/1/2015<#LINE#>This paper describes the results of a survey to find out the general awareness and perception of sacred groves and its role on biodiversity conservation between urban people of Bankura District. The result shows that only 57% of all respondents are familiar with the term biodiversity and 40 % are familiar with the term sacred groves but 56% are familiar with both the terms and 44% are not familiar with both of these terms. In our study a significant difference among different age groups observed in familiarity with the awareness of biodiversity conservation. Similarly   perception and awareness increases with the educational level of respondents. When respondents were asked spontaneously to name one environmental problem then,   47% of all respondents mentioned pollution as the major   environmental problems but very few were aware about ozone layer depletion, biodiversity degradation or other problems. Similarly television and news paper are the prime medium through which urban people know about the importance of biodiversity conservation and sacred groves. For successful preparation of conservation strategy, community participation is much more needed because local communities in many parts of the world play very important role for protection and conservation of biodiversity.  For this reason a holistic understanding of the recent status, regarding general awareness and perceptions about sacred groves and biodiversity conservation among urban people of Bankura district is essential.  <#LINE#> @ @ UNEP/CBD/COP/8/14 (2006) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             20 Figure-5 Different medium creating awareness among urban peoplesFigure-6 Human impact on Biodiversity and Sacred groves 2.Gadgil M., Berkes F. and Folke C., Indigenous Knowledge for biodiversity conservation,  Ambio XII,(2-3), 266-270 (1993) @No $ @ @ Malhotra K.C., Deb D., History of Deforestation and Regeneration/Plantationin Midnapore District of West Bengal, India,  In: Roy, Chatterjee S.B.,  Yadav M.G., Mukherjee G.R., (Eds), Policy to Practice of Joint Forest Management, Indian Institute of Bio-Social Research and Development (IBRAD), New Delhi, (1998) @No $ @ @ Sharma R., Aggarwal N. and Kumar S., Ecological Sustainability in India through the Ages, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(1), 70-73  (2014) @No $ @ @ Malhotra K.C., Gokhale Y., Chatterjee S. and Srivastava S., Sacred groves in India, New  Delhi : Aryan Books International, (2007) @No $ @ @ Gadgil M. and Vartak V.D., Sacred groves in Western Ghats in India, Economic  Botany, 30, 152-60 (1976) @No $ @ @ Roy Burman J.J., The institution of sacred grove, Journal of Indian Anthropological Society,27, 219-238 (1992) @No $ @ @ Roger A., Ecological change and future of the human species : can physicians make a difference, Animals of Family Medicine, ,173-176 (2005) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             219.Basu R., Studies on sacred groves and taboos in Purulia district of West Bengal, Indian Forester,126(12), 1309-1318 (2000) @No $ @ @ Panda D., Kumar P.P. and Das A.P., Ten important sacred groves of Santhals in the Bankura  districts of West Bengal, India,  Abstract, XIII Annual Conference of Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy, and International Symposium on Plant Taxonomy : Advances and Relevance (November 14-15) @No $ @ @ , 72 ( 2003) @No $ @ @ Deb D., Sacred ecosystems of West Bengal, In : A K Ghosh (ed), Status of Environment in West Bengal : A Citizens’ Report, ACB Publications, Kolkata, (2007) @No $ @ @ 2.Basu R., Biodiversity and ethno botany of sacred groves in Bankura District, West  Bengal, Indian Forester, 135(6), 765-778 (2009) @No $ @ @ 3.Saheb S.U., Seshaiah S. and Viswanath B., Environment and Their Legal Issues in India, Int. Res. J. 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Environmental Sci., 3(1), 53-61 (2014) @No $ @ @ 0.Dutta T K., Sou S.K., and Mondal R P., Current Status and Possible Causes of Reptile’s Decline, I. Res. J. Environmental Sci., 3(9), 75-79 (2014) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Seasonal Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Coastal Waters and Sediments along the Major Zones of South East Coast of India<#LINE#>An@JamesBalgan,@D.,S@MaryJelastinKala<#LINE#>22-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-272.pdf<#LINE#>Department of chemistry, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>17/12/2014<#LINE#>5/1/2015<#LINE#>The study of heavy-metal distribution in shore sea water and surface sediments is significant and understanding the distribution levels and also finding the cause of anthropogenic impacts along the marine ecosystem. During the last Twenty-Five years, the coastal environment of southeast India has enormous and rapid developments in urbanization, industry and aquaculture. Numerous heavy metals are to be discharged often through industrial and domestic effluents along the coastal area of southeast coast of India. The present study was carried out to determine the Heavy Metal Distribution in the coastal Waters and sediments of Mandapam, Thoothukudi, Arumuganeri and Kanyakumari Coasts. The sampling of coastal water and sediments was carried out from October 2013 to September 2014.The enrichment in the concentration of heavy metals in the samples along the coastal areas indicated that higher concentration due to the anthropogenic activities. Hence, this present study used to explore the Heavy metal contamination level in this area, and also useful for further impact evaluation. <#LINE#> @ @ Michael HC, Heavy metal in encyclopedia of earth. edited by Monosson Cleveland C., Washington DC : National Council for Science and the Environment, (2010) @No $ @ @ Ip C.C.M., Li X.D., Zhang G., Wai O.W.H and Li Y.S., Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal areas, South China, Environmental Pollution, 147, 311–323 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lamb T., Bickham J.W. and Gibbons J.W., Genetic damage in a population of slider turtles (Trachemysscripta) inhabiting a radioactive reservoir, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 20, 138-142 (1991) @No $ @ @ Bryan GW, Bioaccumulation of marine pollutants, Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 1979, 286, 483–505 (1979) @No $ @ @ Antonio Cobelo Garcia and Ricardo Prego,  Heavy metal sedimentary records in Galician Ria (NW Spain) : Background values and recent contamination, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 1253–1262 (2003) @No $ @ @ Forstner U and Wittmann G T W,  Metal pollution in the aquatic environment (Berlin: Springer), 486, (1981) @No $ @ @ Ananthan G, Sampathkumar P, Palpandi C and Kannan L, Distribution of heavy metals in Vellar estuary, Southeast coast of India, J Ecotoxicol Environ Monit, 16, 185–191 (2006) @No $ @ @ Castro H., Aguilera P.A., Martinez J.L. and Carrique E.L., Differentiation of clams from fishing areas an approximation to coastal quality assessment, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,  54, 229-237 (1999) @No $ @ @ Eugenia JO, Sanchez G and Marcado G, Cleaner production and environmental sound biotechnology for the prevention of upstream nutrient pollution in the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico, Ocean Coastal Manag., 47, 641–670 (2004) @No $ @ @ Brooks R.R., Presley B.J. and Kaplan I.R., Determination of microgram amounts of some transition metals in sea water by methyl iso-butyl ketone-nitric acid successive extraction and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Talanta, 14, 809–814 (1967) @No $ @ @ Tessier A, Campbell PGC and Bisson M., Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal Chem, 51, 844–851 (1979) @No $ @ @ Ruilian Y., Xing Y., Yuanhui Z., Gongren H. and  Xianglin T., Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, China, J. 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International Science Congress Association             3119.Jayaprakash M, Jonathan MP, Srinivasalu S, Muthu Raj S, Ram- Mohan V and Rajeshwara Rao N., Acid-leachable trace metals in sediments from an industrialized region (Ennore Creek) of Chennai City, SE coast of India : An approach towards regular monitoring, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci ., 76, 692–703 (2008) @No $ @ @ Raman A.V. and Ganapati P.N., Pollution effects on ecobiology of benthic polychaetes in Visakapatanam harbour (Bay of Bengal), Mar Poll Bull, 14, 46-52 (1983) @No $ @ @ Jurgen Ritterhoff  and Gerd-Peter Zauke,  Influence of Body length, Life-history status and sex on trace metal concentrations in selected zooplankton collectives from the Greenland Sea., Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(8),614-621 (1997a) @No $ @ @ Wang W-X and Fisher NS, Assimilation efficiencies of chemical contaminants in aquatic invertebrates: a synthesis, Environ Toxicol Chem, 18, 2034–45 (1999a) @No $ @ @ El Nemr A, Khaled A and El Sikaily A., Distribution and statistical analysis of leachable and total heavy metals in the sediments of the Suez Gulf,  Environ Mon Ass, 118, 89–112 (2006) @No $ @ @ Turkoglu M. and Parlak H., Accumulation and distribution of total chromium in seawater, sediment, and some organisms and its behaviour processes in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea), Ege Univ. 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<#LINE#>Efficacy of certain Compounds in Controlling major Fish pathogens and Physio-chemical Parameter analysis from two ponds at Alwarkurichivillage, Tirunelveli district in Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>A@Sabaridasan.,@Palanikani.R,R@Soranam.<#LINE#>32-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-276.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>26/12/2014<#LINE#>2nd/2/2015<#LINE#>The present study was aimed to investigate the two aquaculture pond water samples physio-chemcial parameters and microbial analysis at Alwarkurichi village, Tirunelveli district. The physio-chemcial parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD (Biological oxygen demand), calcium, magnesium, total hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, and total dissolved solid were tested at Tamilnadu water supply and Drainage broad District water testing laboratory, Palayamkottai. Subsequently, microbial culture present in the water samples were identified with standard methods. They are Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera as more dominant in the two ponds.  Hence, the identified three pathogenic bacteria were treated with some commercially popular chemicals at various concentrations. The antibacterial activity of three compounds Sodium chloride, Formalin and Copper sulfate was studied against three pathogenic bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The growth suppression rate exhibited by Copper sulfate were higher at 0.08mg/10ml when equivalence to others. When compared to copper sulfate, size of the acquired growth distinct was less when examined with ampicillin. Copper sulfate was identified as the most efficacious against three pathogens. <#LINE#> @ @ Peter J. Walker., Disease Emergence and Food Security: Global Impact of Pathogens on Sustainable Aquaculture Production,Fish, Aquaculture and Food Security : Sustaining Fish as Food Supply, conference conducted by the Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, (2004) @No $ @ @ Naylor R. and Burke M., Aquaculture and Ocean Resources-Raising Tigers of the sea, Annual Review of Environmental resources., 30, 185-218 (2005) @No $ @ @ Claude E. Boyd. and Laurence Massaut., Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture, Aquacultural Engineering., 20, 113–132 (1999) @No $ @ @ Anja S. Schmidt., Morten S. Bruun., Inger Dalsgaard., Karl Pedersen and Jens L. Larsen.,  Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Fish-Pathogenic and Environmental Bacteria Associated with Four Danish Rainbow Trout Farms, Applied and Environmental Microbiology., 66(11),  4908–4915 (2000) @No $ @ @ Les Burridge., Judith Weis., Felipe Cabello and Jaime Pizarro., Chemical use in Salmon Aquaculture : A Review of Current Practices and Possible Environmental Effects, (http://www.fao.org/fi/ website/ FIRetrieveAction.do?dom=collectionandxml=global-aquaculture-production.xmlandxp_nav=1) accessed on March 20, (2008) @No $ @ @ Kumar Niraj., Study of Ichthyofaunal Biodiversity of Turkaulia Lake, East-Champaran, Bihar, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 21-24 (2012) @No $ @ @ Teresa Thiel., Department of biology, University of Missouri-St.Louis. Science in the real world : Microbes in action, (1999) @No $ @ @ Paul C. Schreckenberger and Donna J. Blazevic., Testing of anaerobic bacteria rapid methods for biochemical, Appl. Microbiol., 28(5), 759 (1974) @No $ @ @ Rajiv P., Hasna Abdul Salam., Kamaraj M., Rajeshwari Sivaraj and Sankar A., Physico Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Different River Waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shivayogimath C.B., Kalburgi P.B., Deshannavar U.B. and Virupakshaiah D.B.M., Water Quality Evaluation of River Ghataprabha, India, I Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 12-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             3611.Hashemzadeh Farshad and Venkataramana G.V., Impact of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water on Zooplankton Diversity in Nanjangud Industrial Area, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 37-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Devi Priyamvada., Sirisha D. and Gandhi N., Study on the Quality of Water and Soil from Fish Pond in Around Bhimavaram West Godavari District, A.P., India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(1), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Claude E. Boyd., Water quality for pond aquaculture, International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environment, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, James E. Marion, Director, Auburn, Alabama, (1998) @No $ @ @ Mahananda M.R., Mohanty B.P. and Behera N.R, Physico-chemical analysis of surface and ground water of Bargarh district, Orissa, India, IJRRAS, 2(3),  (2010) @No $ @ @ Lightner D.V., Epizootiology, distribution and the impact on international trade of two penaeid shrimp viruses in the Americas, Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties,15, 579-602 (1996) @No $ @ @ Renault T., Appearance and spread of diseases among bivalve molluscs in the northern hemisphere in relation to international trade, Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties,15, 551-562 (1996) @No $ @ @ Yoshimitzu M., Disease problems of salmonid fish in Japan caused by international trade, Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties,15, 533–550 (1996) @No $ @ @ Subasinghe R.P., Phillips M.J., Reantaso M.B. and MacRae I.H., Aquatic animal health management: opportunities and challenges for rural, small-scale aquaculture and enhanced fisheries development: Workshop introductory re marks,Primary Aquatic Animal Health Care in Rural, Small-Scale Aquaculture Development,FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 406, 1–5 (2002) @No $ @ @ More S.M., Shinde V.A., Khan Saiqua., Girde A.V. and Pawar V.N., Antimicrobial Activity of Phospholipid Compound Produced by Acidophilic Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Lonar Lake, Buldhana, India. Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(11), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Craig Watson., Use of copper in aquaculture and farm ponds, Multi-county aquaculture agent, Hillsborough county Cooperative Extension service office, Institute of food and agricultural sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, (1989) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Study of Diversity and Population of Zooplankton at Harsholav pond of Bikaner, India<#LINE#>@LunuShyamkumar*,Harbhajan@Kaur<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-037.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>8/11/<#LINE#>27/1/2015<#LINE#>Water is the most essential element of life and without it life cannot exist. The body uses water for digestion,absorption, transporting nutrients, and building tissues and all other activities. Harsholav pond of Bikaner has been studied to evaluate the suitability of water for domestic use and maintaining for drinking, irrigation and other purposes. Bikaner district lies in arid zone of Western Rajasthan and is a part of Thar Desert. The investigations were carried out in Harsholav pond located at Bikaner district from September 2012 to November 2013. Monthly zooplankton samples were collected. Zooplanktons are the primary consumers of the process of food chain. Aquatic ecosystem consists of physical, chemical and biological factors. Physical chemical factors are not alike in all water bodies; they change either due to natural or artificial processes. Zooplanktons are good indicators of the change in water quality because they are strongly affected by environmental conditions and by other living species within water body and respond quickly to changes in water quality.Various zooplanktonic faunal species were found which were typically adapted for the given conditions of existence. Zooplankton population were represented by four genera of Protozoa group, namely, Paramecium caudatum, Euglina sociobilis  Amoeba proteus, Chilomonas paramecium, 3 genera of group Rotifera namely Brachionus calyciflorus, Keratella tropic, Trychocera longiseta, 7 genera of Crustacea group 3 cladocerans, namely, Bosmina sp. Daphnia carinata, Moina brachiata, 2 copepods, namely Mesocyclops leukarti, Diaptomus glicialis, 2 ostracods, namely, Cypris sp.  Nauplius larva, and one insect larvae Chironomus larvae.Total zooplankton population were ranged from 320 -1060No./l among them Crustacea constituates the dominant group throughout the study period, total protozoans were ranged from 40 to 320No./l, total rotifers were ranged from 40 to 240No./l , total crustaceans were ranged from 140 to 440No./l, and total insect larvae from 20 to 60No./l. <#LINE#> @ @ Battish S.K., freshwater zooplankton of India. Oxford & IBH publishing co, (1992) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., Freshwater biology.  ndEd. John. wiley & sons, Inc., New York, U.S.A., (1996) @No $ @ @ Needham J.G. and Needham P.R., A guide to the study of fresh water biology, Halden day. Inc. Publ. San       Francisco, (1978) @No $ @ @ Tonapi G.T., Freshwater animals of India, Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. New Delhi. India, (1980) @No $ @ @ Saigal, Senescence in a manmade water sheet in the Indian desert, M.phil. Dissertation, M.D.S. University,  Ajmer, 55, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chadha A., Comparative study on the quality and trophic status of some desert waters employing bio indicators and indices, Ph.D. thesis, M.D.S. University, Ajmer, (1999) @No $ @ @ Solanki J.K., A study on culture of zooplankton in sewage water, M.phil. Dissertation, Univ. of Bikaner, Bikaner, 2006) 8.Saxena, M.M., Diversity of aquatic fauna in the waters of Indian desert, Proc. Nat. Conf. on conservation and Management of faunal diversity of Rajasthan., 77, (2006) @No $ @ @ 9.Kaur H., A study on the ageing phenomenon in a reservoir created in the arid region of Rajasthan, with special reference to eutrophication,Ph.D. Thesis, Bikaner University, Bikaner, (2007) @No $ @ @ 10.Sharan L., A planktonic study on a desert pond in relation to ionic regime of the medium,Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bikaner, Bikaner, (2007) @No $ @ @ Kaur R., Comparison of ecology and plankton communities of Iotic (canal) and lentic (pond) water bodies of Hanumangarh, M.phil. Dissertation, M.G.S.U. Bikaner, (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Diversity of a Desert Village Pond in Bikaner Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>@JanagalBhupender,An@Khatri,Kumar@<#LINE#>43-45<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-038.pdf<#LINE#> Laboratory of Environmental Biology, P.G. Department of Zoology, Govt. DungarCollege (A-Grade), Bikaner, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>30/11/2014<#LINE#>25/1/2015<#LINE#>Phytoplanktons are the chief primary producers and are of prime importance in aquatic ecosystem as the productivity of aquatic ecosystem is totally dependent on these. They forms the basic link of food chain for all aquatic organism. The diversity of phytoplankton components in the aquatic ecosystem serve as a reliable index for monitoring a water body. We examined the phytoplankton diversity in sagar village pond, which is situated 6 k.m. away from Bikaner (Rajasthan). Samples were collected monthly from Jan.2012 to Mar.2013. Different Species of phytoplankton related to the member of three algal groups, namely Chlorophyceae (greens) Cyanophyceae (blue greens) and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) were observed. The species Cladophora, Crucigenia, Microspora, Chara, Spiyogyra (5greens), Navicula, Nitzschia, Synedra, Diatoma, Coscinodiscus (5diotoms) Spirulina, Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria (4 blue greens) were recorded from the village pond. Climate of local environment factors are likely to have major impact on phytoplankton diversity of fresh water. <#LINE#> @ @ Annandale N.A., The fauna of an Island in the Chilka Lake, Introduction, Rec. Indian Mus., 22, 313-321 (1921) @No $ @ @ Edmondson W.T., ed. Freshwater Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, (1959) @No $ @ @ Needham J.G. and Needham P.K., A guide to the study of Freshwater Biology, Holdesday, Inc. San Francisco, (1962) @No $ @ @ Arora Deepika., Planktonic productivity in some desert waters around Bikaner: A comparative study, M.Phil. Dissertation, Dungar College, Bikaner, 66 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jain B.B., Seasonal periodicity of plankton in freshwater ponds, West Bengal, India, Journal of International Rev. Ges. Hydrobiology, 58, 127-143 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kaul V., Fotedar D.N., Pandit A.K. and Trishal C.L., A comparative study of Plankton population of some typical fresh water bodies of Jammu and Kashmir State, IN : Environmental Physiology and Ecology of plants (D.N. Sen, Bansal RP, eds), Dehradun, India, 249-269(1978) @No $ @ @ Wanganeo A.,  Gagroo S., Yousuf A.R. and Wanganeo R.,  Latitudinal variation in phytoplankton assemblage, In: Biodivesity Scenario, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, (2004) @No $ @ @ Plankton A.K., Plankton Dynamics in Freshwater wetlands of Kashmir, In :  Ecology of polluted waters and toxicology, Mishra K.D. (ed), Technoscience publication, Jaipur, India, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chellapa  N.T.,  Borda J.M. and Rocha O, Phytoplankton community and physical-chemical characteristics of water in the public reservoir of Cruzeta, RN, Brazil, Braz. J. Biol., 68, 477-494 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tiwari A. and Chauhan S.V., Seasonal phytoplanktonic diversity of Kitham lake, Agra, J. Environ. Biol., 27, 35-38 (2006) @No $ @ @ Beaugrand G.,  Ibanez F. and Reid P.C., Spatial, seasonal and long terms fluctiuations of plankton in relation to hydroclimatic features in the English Channel, celtic Seal and Bay of Biscay, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 200-93-102(2000) @No $ @ @ Roy R., Pratihary A., Mangesh G. and Naqvi S.W.A.,  Spatial variation of phytoplankton pigments along the southwest coast of India, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 69, 189-195 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Characterization of Coir Pith Black Liquor and Coir Pith Effluent<#LINE#>V.*@Ajitha,Sivalingam@Rajathy,@RojithG.,R.@Syamkumar<#LINE#>46-49<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-039.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala - 682022, INDIA <#LINE#>30/11/2014<#LINE#>4/2/2015<#LINE#>Recent research focuses on the possibility of utilizing coir pith as a substrate for bioenergy production via delignification, saccharification and fermentation. Optimized hydrogen peroxide pretreatment reported as means of coir pith delignification generated coir pith black liquor (CBL). Subsequent lignin recovery from CBL generates coir pith effluent (CPE) and toxicity test had demonstrated the phytotoxic nature of CPE pointing to the need for further effluent characterization and treatment. In this work CBL and CPE were analyzed as per Bureau of Indian Standards for parameters such as pH, conductivity, colour, TDS, TSS, phenolic compounds, COD, Oil and grease, total organic content, and total inorganic content. The parameters that exceeded the permissible limits were pH (12.15), COD (5600 mg/L), TSS (200mg/L), TDS (31510 mg/L) for CBL,  and COD (10080 mg/L), phenolic compounds(1.35 mg/L), TSS (114 mg/L) and TDS (42270 mg/L), in the case of CPE. COD and phenolic compounds were found to increase by two fold in case of CPE than CBL.  Decolourisation and change of pH from alkaline to acidic occurred in case of CPE. <#LINE#> @ @ Meerow A., Growth of two tropical foliage plants using coir dusts as a container medium amendment, Hort Technology,  5(3), 237 (1995) @No $ @ @ Paul Sebastian S., Udayasoorian C., Jayabalakrishnan R.M. and Parameswari E., Effect of amendments and varieties on sugarcane yield and quality with poor quality irrigation water, J. Environ. Res. Develop., ), 817-829 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rojith G., and Bright Singh I.S., Lignin recovery, biochar production and decolourisation of coir pith black liquor, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 270-274 (2012) @No $ @ @ 4.Rojith G. and Bright Singh I.S., Delignification, cellulose crystallinity change and surface modification of coir pith induced by oxidative delignification treatment, Int .J. Env iron. Bioene.,, 46-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Rojith G. and Bright Singh IS, Hydrogen Peroxide Prettreatment Efiicieancy Comparison and Characterisation of Lignin Recovered from Coir pith Black Liquor, J. Environ. Res. Develop.,(4), 1333-1339 (2013) @No $ @ @ 6.Syamkumar R., Rojith G., Rajathy S. and Bright Singh I.S., Phytotoxicity Assessment of Coir pith Effluent Generated during Lignin Recovery Process, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,4(4), 17-21 (2014) @No $ @ @ 7.Anon. Indian standard methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water, IS 3025-part 43, First Revision, New Delhi, (1992) @No $ @ @ 8.Anon, Indian standard methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water, IS 3025-part 16 and 17., First Revision, New Delhi (1984) @No $ @ @ 9.Anon, Indian standard methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water, IS 3025-part 58., First Revision, New Delhi (2006) @No $ @ @ 0.Anon, Indian standard methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water, IS 3025-part 18.,First Revision, New Delhi (1984) @No $ @ @ Anon, Indian standard methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water, IS 3025-part 39., First Revision, New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ 2.Anon, General Standards for Discharge of Environmental pollutants, IS 3025., Indian Standard Institute, New Delhi, India (1992) @No $ @ @ 3.Akan J.C., Abdulrahman F.I., Dimari G.A. and Ogugbuaja V.O., Physiological determination of pollutants in wastewater and vegetables samples along the Jakara wastewater channel in Kano metropolis, Kano state, Nigeria, European Journal of Scientific research., 23(1), 122-133 (2008) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             4914.Gupta S., Satpati S., Nayek S. and Garai D., Effect of waste water irrigation of vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes, Environmental Monitoring Assessment.,165, 169-177 (2010) @No $ @ @ 5.Kannan K., Rajasekaran G. and Raveen R., Bacterial analysis of soil samples collected in and around a sugar mill in Tamil Nadu, Journal of Ecobiology, 24(2), 191-195 (2009) @No $ @ @ 6.Lofrano G., Aydin E., Russo F., Guida M., Belegiorno V. and Meric S., Characterization, Fluxes and toxicity of leather tanning bath chemicals in a large tanning district area (IT), Water, air and soil pollution : Focus, , 529-542 (2008) @No $ @ @ 7.Somnath V., Impact of tannery effluet on bioenergetics of fishes, Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 13(3), 161-173 (2003) @No $ @ @ 8.Sawyer CC. and McCArty PL., Chemistry for environmental Engineers, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 331-514 (1978) @No $ @ @ 19.Bhalli J.A. and Khan M.K., Pollution level analysis in tannery effluents collected from three different cities of Punjab, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(3), 418– 421(2006) @No $ @ @ 0.Yuxing W. and Jain Y., Decolourisation of synthetic dyes and waste waters from textile, Water Research, 33(16), 3512-3520 (1999) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Quantification of Toxicity of lead from Sewage-Sludge samples used for Vegetation in Dombivli MIDC, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>@BambardekarYogini,An@,Neena@<#LINE#>50-53<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-043.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Smt.C.H.M. College, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>13/11/2014<#LINE#>7/2/2015<#LINE#>Application of sewage sludge is common as a soil amendment on productive vegetation land. Sludge builds up the soil organic matter content effectively like compost; it thus improves soil structure and capacity of water retention. At the same time significant amount of nutrients are supplied to the soil. Depending upon the sources, sewage sludge composition is highly variable. Unfortunately, sludge originating from urban wastewater source contain relatively higher concentrations of non-nutrient metals Some of the elements  are potentially toxic to plants growing on soil  that is treated with sludge., Households are the major sources as well; lead, copper, zinc, iron are all leached from domestic pipes. The vegetation land is mainly utilized for cultivating variety of routine vegetables that are consumed by local residents. The concentration level of heavy metal   lead present in selected sections of sludge was ascertained using liquid-liquid extraction coupled with photometric technique. Hexane-2,5-dione-bis(ethylene diamine) HDBE, novel derivative that forms deep yellow complex with lead which is quantitatively extracted into chloroform at PH4.4 respectively. Concentration of reagent required for complex formation and full color development is very low (0.8cm3 of 0.1% HDBE). Beer’s law is obeyed in the detectable range 0.4-5.0ppm for Pb(II) <#LINE#> @ @ Baath E, Frostegard A and Diaz-Ravina M et al., Effect of metal-rich sludge amendments on the soil, Applied and Environmental Microbiology,64, 238-245 (1998) @No $ @ @ Abechi E.S. and Okunola O.J., Evaluation of heavy metals in roadside soils, J. of Env. Chem. and Ecotoxicology,2(6), 98-102 (2010) @No $ @ @ Schacklette H.T. and Boerngen J.G., Element Concentrations in Soils and Other Surficial Materials of the Conterminous United States, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper; 1270, 1984, Ambedkar G and Muniyan M., Advances in Applied Science Research,2(5), 221 (2011) @No $ @ @  Chen HM., Behaviors and Environmental Quality of Chemical Substances in the Soil, Science Press,             Beijing, China, (2002) @No $ @ @ Chaney R.L. et al., The potential for heavy metal exposure from urban gardens and soils, J.R. Preer ed., Proceedings of the symposium on heavy metals in urban gardens, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of the District of Columbia, Washington., 37-84 (1980) @No $ @ @ Reagan P.L. and E.K. Silbergeld,  Research Council, 1980, Lead in the human environment, Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences Research Council, Report Number PB-82-117136, 12 (1989) @No $ @ @ Sandell E.B., Colorimetric determination of trace metals, Interscience pub.,2 (1959) @No $ @ @ U.S. EPA, Air Quality Criteria for Lead Final Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-05/ 144aF-bF, (2006) @No $ @ @ , (http://www.epa. gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pb/s_pb, (2006) @No $ @ @ 9.Babula P, Adam V et al., Uncommon heavy metals, metalloids and their plant toxicity: A review, Environmental Chemical Letter,6, 189-213 (2008) @No $ @ @ 0.Chander K, Brookes PC and Harding SA, Microbial biomass dynamics following addition of metal-enriched sewage sludge to a sandy loam, Soil Biology and Biochemistry,27(11), 1409-1421 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hossein Tavallali et al, Int. J. Chem. Tech Res.,2(3), 1733 (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Assessment of Water Quality of River Mandakini during Amawashya in Chitrakoot, India<#LINE#>@ChaurasiaSadhana,Karan@Raj<#LINE#>54-57<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-045.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Energy and Environment, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satana, MP, 485331, INDIA <#LINE#>19/11/2014<#LINE#>5/2/2015<#LINE#>The rivers in India have been considered sacred from ancient times. People take holy dip in river with the faith that the water washes away their sin. Most of the festival associated with bathing in rivers. Chitrakoot is a religious place and lacks of floating population take bath in river Mandakini during every Amawashya day. The main objective of present study was undertaken to investigate water quality changes due to mass bathing during Amawashya. The effect caused by mass bathing was assessed and discussed. It was observed that fecal coliform, DO, BOD and COD had significant changes due to mass bathing. The fecal coliform MPN was higher in Amawashya as well as in normal days. The quality of water indicated that river seemed much polluted from Arogyadham to Ramghat. Increased pollution load deteriorating the water quality of river Mandakini day by day. Higher fecal coliform values indicating that river water is not safe for pilgrim’s health point of view. <#LINE#> @ @ Kannan G.K and Chaurasia S., Impact assessment of mass bathing on River Mandakini during Ashwamedha Yogna April 1994, IJEP,14(5), 356-359 (1994) @No $ @ @ APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Editor A.D. Eaton, 18th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, (2005) @No $ @ @ Singh R.K., Shrivastava U.P. and Desai V.R., Seasonal and diurnal variations in physico-chemical conditions of water and plankton in lotic sector of Rihand reservoir (UP), J. Inland Fish Soc. India,12(1), 100-11 (1980) @No $ @ @ Kumar V., Arya S., Dhaka A., Minakshi and Chanchal,  A study on physico-chemical characteristics of Yamuna River around Hamirpur (UP), Bundelkhand region Central India, Int. Multidisplinary Research Journal,1(1), 4-16 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abida B and Harikrishna, Study on the quality of water in some streams of Cauveri River, Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 377-384 (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh X., Ranteke P.W., Mishra S. and Shukla, Physico-chemical analysis of  Yamuna River, Int. Journal of Research in environmental Science and Technology,3(2), 58-60 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia S., Water pollution from mass bathing in River Mandakini during Chitrakoot Deepawali Mela 1993, IJEP,14(10), 758-765 (1994) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Understanding the Chemical Metamorphosis of Yamuna River due to Pollution load and Human use<#LINE#>S@,@eepSharmaK1,Chhabra@MamtaSharma<#LINE#>58-63<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-273.pdf<#LINE#>2*Department of Chemistry, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, New delhi-110015, INDIA Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, INDIA <#LINE#>19/12/2014<#LINE#>15/1/2015<#LINE#>In the lower Himalayas, at an altitude of roughly 6000 m, glacier Yamunotri is the point of origin of the sacred river Yamuna. Yamuna passes through certain areas of the states of seven states viz., Uttarakand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and NCT–Delhi.  This surface water is widely used for irrigation, domestic water supply, industrial etc. It has been subjected to over abuse, both in volume and quality. Before entering Delhi, it crosses Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. It enters Delhi near Wazirabad (Delhi) and covers a 48 km stretch in Delhi before inflowing the state of Uttar Pradesh. Although two other major industrial cities Yamuna Nagar and Panipat of Haryana state are located close to the river prior to its entering Delhi yet its appearance changes drastically due to mindless discharge of waste water from the drains. So much alarming is the level of pollution that at certain stretches in Delhi, the dissolved oxygen (DO) has fallen to zero. Given that a large number of inhabitants are dependent on the river, it is of significance to understand its chemical metamorphosis and preserve its water quality. <#LINE#> @ @ Misra AK, A River about to Die: Yamuna, J. Water Resource and Protection, 2, 489-500 (2010) @No $ @ @ (doi:10.4236/jwarp.2010.25056 Published Online May 2010) 2.Jain P., Sick Yamuna, Sick Delhi, Searching a correlation, Peace Institute Charitable Trust, (2009) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.A., Sujaul I.M. and Nasly M.A., Application of QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling in the Tunggak River, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia, Res. J. Recent Sci.,ISSN 2277-2502, 3(6), 6-14 (2014) @No $ @ @ http://www.washalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Yamuna-River-Life-and-Death-of-a-Principal-Waterway-Policy-Paper-00032014a.pdf, (2013) @No $ @ @ Water Quality Status of Yamuna River, Assessment and Development of River Basin Series, (1999-2005) available at ADSORBS/41/2006- 7 CPCB, http://www.cpcb. nic.in/newitems/11.pdf, accessed during December, (2012) @No $ @ @ http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/maps/water.htm, (2014) @No $ @ @ Mushini V.S.R., Vaddi D.R. and Bethapudi S.A.A., Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vincy M.V., Brilliant Rajan and Pradeep Kumar A.P.,  Water Quality Assessment of a Tropical Wetland Ecosystem with Special Reference to Backwater Tourism, Kerala, South India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, ISSN 2319–1414 , 1(5), 62-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak Neelam B. and Mankodi P.C., Hydrological status of Danteshwar pond, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., ISSN 2319–1414, 2(1), 43-48 2013) 10.Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Res J. Recent Sci.,  ISSN 2277-2502, 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Res. J. Recent  Sci., 1(1),16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ 2.Hindu, Delhi reduces Yamuna to a sewage drain, New Delhi, (2002) @No $ @ @ http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002 /06/25/stories/2002062506380400.htm, (2002) @No $ @ @ http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms52.cfm, (2014) @No $ @ @ Water quality  criteria,  Available  at  http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Water_Quality_Criteria, php, accessed on 22nd  November, (2012) @No $ @ @ http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/maps/water.htm,(2014) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Biodiversity Conservation and Management: Tools and Techniques<#LINE#>@ChaurasiaGirdhariL.,Vineeta@Kumari<#LINE#>64-69<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-163.pdf<#LINE#>2*Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad-211002, UP, INDIAForest Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248195, Uttarakhand, INDIA <#LINE#>22nd/7/2014<#LINE#>9/1/2015<#LINE#>The review paper focuses on  the different types of biological diversity found on ecosystems and loss of biodiversity and species richness of ecosystem and various causes of the loss of biological diversity due to anthropogenic as well as natural processes and mentioned the different tools and techniques and advanced sciences and basic sciences interactive studies for biodiversity databases creation, database management and interpretation for biodiversity conservation and management were studied. Various institutions and organizations launched different programs and working independently as well as simultaneously for the assessment, preservation and sustainable development of biodiversity. <#LINE#> @ @ Peter H Schalk., Management of marine natural resources through by biodiversity informatics, Marine Policy, 22,269- 280 (1998) @No $ @ @ Knight A. T., Cowling R. M.   and Campbell B.M., Conservation Biology, 20, 408-419 (2006) @No $ @ @ Behzad Roohollah, Jaynhaye., Ravindra G. and Saptarshi Praveen G.,The Role of Ecotourism in Development of Local Market and Environmental conservation in the Shir-Ahmad wildlife refuge, Iran, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(7), 58-62 (2014) @No $ @ @ Murthy M. S. R., Giriraj A. and Dutt C.B.S.,Geoinformatics for biodiversity assessment, Biol. Lett.,40(2) , 75-100 (2003) @No $ @ @ Roby T.J., Nair P.V. and Joyce Jose, GIS techniques for Mapping highly Fragmented ecosystems- A case study on the Myristica swamp forests of Southern Kerala, India, Res. J. Recent. Sci, 3(ISC-2013) @No $ @ @ , 110-119 (2014) @No $ @ @ 6.Tripathy Madhusmita, Biodiversity of Chilika and Its Conservation, Odisha, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(5), 54-5(2012) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             69SE Asia, Kuala Lumpur, (2002548.Canhos V.P., Souza S., Giovanni R. and Canhos D.A.L., Biodiversity Informatics1, 1-13(2004) @No $ @ @ Kazi N.M,Integrated Biodiversity Management A case study of Melghat Tiger reserve as a protected area, India,Res. J. Recent. Sci,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 265-269 (2012) @No $ @ @ 0.Pratyashi Phukan and Ranjan Saikia,Wetland Degradation and its Conservation: A case study of some selected wetlands of Golaghat district, Assam, India, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 3(ISC-2013) @No $ @ @ , 446-454 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bulletinof the American Society for Information Science and Technology : August/September, 37 (2011) @No $ @ @ 2.Jorge Sobero´n and A, Townsen d Peterson Biodiversity informatics: managing and applying primary biodiversity data, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B 359, 689-698 (200413.Boyle et al., BMC Bioinformatics, 14, 16 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in the Middle-Gangetic Plain, Bihar (India): The Danger Arrived<#LINE#>Singh@SushantK.<#LINE#>70-76<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-255.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA <#LINE#>21/11/2014<#LINE#>25/1/2015<#LINE#>This study presents a review of the arsenic contamination of drinking water, soil, and the food chain in the Middle-Gangetic Plain in India’s Bihar state. We identify challenges for arsenic-mitigation and recommend solutions for this problem. Approximately 46% of the geographical regions, 72 of 532 community blocks, are arsenic contaminated. More than 10 million people in rural Bihar are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic through naturally contaminated drinking water. Arsenic levels exceed the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization’s standards for irrigation water. Arsenic contamination in soil and in the food chain could be potential threats to the area’s inhabitants. Children are exposed to arsenic contaminated soil while playing in their backyards. Children who do not wash their hands thoroughly may unintentionally ingest soil, which over the long term may increase the risk of developing cancer. People with several stages of arsenicosis symptoms and suspected arsenic-induced cancers were found in the state. Recently discovered arsenic contaminated areas in Bihar are far from the River Ganges, which suggests that other River basins, such as the River Ghaghara and Gandak, are potential sources of arsenic. Katihar was the most vulnerable district because of the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions, followed by Vaishali, Samastipur, Khagaria, and Purnia. Munger was the only resilient district, as it had a greater adaptive capacity. Some of the foremost challenges of arsenic-mitigation are lack of guidelines for water sampling density, a common arsenic contamination data repository, coordination among research groups, and decision-making tools for arsenic-mitigation; uncontrolled and unregulated hand pump installations, and wide spatial variation in arsenic concentrations distribution. The state needs comprehensive arsenic-mitigation policies and decision-making tools to help prioritize, which arsenic contaminated areas to pursue. A decision-making tool, such as a composite vulnerability framework for assessing and mapping vulnerability to groundwater arsenic contamination, would be an absolute necessity. <#LINE#> @ @ Ravenscroft P., Brammer H. and Richards K., Arsenic Pollution : A Global Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons., 28 (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh S.K, Ghosh A.K, Kumar A., Kislay K., Kumar C., Tiwari R., Parwez R., Kumar N. and Imam M., Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Associated Health Risks in Bihar, India, International Journal of Environmental Research., 8(1), 49-60 (2014) @No $ @ @ Singh S. K. and Ghosh A. K., Health Risk Assessment due to Groundwater Arsenic Contamination: Children are at High Risk, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment :An International Journal., 18(4), 751-766 (2012) @No $ @ @ USEPA., Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, NCEA-F-0644 (Revised draft).U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) : Washington DC, USA, (1999) @No $ @ @ USEPA., The integrated risk information system (IRIS).U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USPA), Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati (OH), USA, (2001) @No $ @ @ International Research Journal of Environment Sciences____________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 4(2), 70-76, February (2015) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             766.WHO., Arsenic : Environmental Health Criteria, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva., 18 (1981) @No $ @ @ 7.Singh S.K. and Vedwan N., Mapping Composite Vulnerability To Groundwater Arsenic Contamination : An Analytical Framework and a Case Study in India, Natural Hazards., 75(2), 1883-1908 (2015) @No $ @ @ 8.Saha D., Dwivedi S. and Sahu S., Arsenic in Ground Water in Parts of Middle Ganga Plain in Bihar-An Appraisal, Editorial Board.,24(2and3),(2009) @No $ @ @ 9.Singh S.K. and Ghosh A.K., Entry of Arsenic into Food Material–A Case Study, World Appl Sci J.,13(2), 385-90 (2011) @No $ @ @ 0.Singh S.P., Spatial Relationship of Various Parameters in Drinking Water in Siwan town of Bihar (India) with Special Emphasis on Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater, International Journal of Basic and Applied Science Research., 1(1), 01-05 (2014) @No $ @ @ Chakraborti D., Mukherjee S.C., Pati S., Sengupta M.K., Rahman M.M., Chowdhury U.K., Lodh D., Chanda C.R., Chakraborti, A. K. and Basu, G. K., Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Middle Ganga Plain, Bihar, India: A Future Danger? Environmental Health Perspectives.,111 (9), 1194 (2003) @No $ @ @ 2.Ghosh A.K., Singh S.K., Bose N., Roy N.P., Singh S.K., Upadhyay A.K., Kumar S. and Singh A., Arsenic Hot Spots Detected in the State of Bihar (India) A Serious Health Hazard for Estimated Human Population of 5.5 Lakhs, In Assessment of Ground Water Resources and Management, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India., 62-70 (2009) @No $ @ @ 3.Nickson R., Sengupta C., Mitra P., Dave S., Banerjee A., Bhattacharya A., Basu S., Kakoti N., Moorthy N. and Wasuja M., Current Knowledge on the Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater in Five States of India, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A.,42(12), 1707-1718 (2007) @No $ @ @ 4.Saha D., Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Parts of Middle Ganga Plain, Bihar, Curr Sci.,97(6), 753-755 (2009) @No $ @ @ 5.Saha D., Sahu S. and Chandra P., Arsenic-Safe Alternate Aquifers and their Hydraulic Characteristics in Contaminated Areas of Middle Ganga Plain, Eastern India, Environmental monitoring and assessment.,175(1-4), 331-348 (2011) @No $ @ @ 6.Singh A. and Choudhary S.K., Arsenic in Ground Water in Five Villages under Nathnagar Block of Bhagalpur District, Bihar, Ecoscan.,4(2-3), 213-216 (2010) @No $ @ @ 7.Singh S., Arsenic Contamination in Water, Soil, and Food Materials in Bihar, Lambert Academic Publishing: Germany, (2011) @No $ @ @ 8.Bhatia S., Guru B. and Baranwal A., High Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water Hand-Pumps in Khap Tola, West Champaran, Bihar, India,  Frontiers in Environmental Science.,2 (49), 1-8 (2014) @No $ @ @ 19.Gupta V., Singh J., Kumari P., Prasad S. and Jha A., Arsenic in Hand Pump Water of Different Blocks of Samastipur District (Bihar), India, International Journal of Basic and Applied Science Research.,1(1), 1-5 (2014) @No $ @ @ 0.FMIS., River Basin, Flood Management Information System (FMIS), Water Resources Department, Government of Bihar, India.,available at http://fmis.bih.nic.in/riverbasin.html, accessed onSeptember 21, (2014) @No $ @ @ 1.Yasunori Y., Kenichi I., Akihiko K., Koichiro S., Shigeki T., Mitsuhiro S. and Hiroshi, Y., Arsenic Polluted Groundwater and its Countermeasures in the Middle Basin of the Ganges, Uttar Pradesh State, India, Journal of Environmental Protection, 3 (8A)856-862 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Bharti P. and Ranjan R.,Physico-chemical Analysis of Groundwater of the Budhi Gandak Belt in Muzaffarpur District, India, I Research Journal of Environment Sciences1(1), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Romero-Freire A., Sierra-Aragón M., Ortiz-Bernad I. and Martín-Peinado F.J., Toxicity of Arsenic in Relation to Soil Properties: Implications to Regulatory Purposes, Journal of Soils and Sediments.,14(5), 968-979 (2014) @No $ @ @ 4.Rolli N., Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables Irrigated with Sewage and Its Impact on Health, Research Journal of Recent Sciences.,3(IVC-2014) @No $ @ @ , 81-84 (2014) @No $ @ @ 5.Heikens A., Arsenic Contamination of Irrigation Water, Soil and Crops in Bangladesh: Risk Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety in Asia, RAP Publication (FAO), (2006) @No $ @ @ 6.Singh S., Feldman C. and Wunderlich S., Disaster Issues and Management in Farm and Urban Crop Production, Perspectives in public health.,134(3), 127-128 (2014) @No $ @ @ 7.Nath A., Vendan P.S., Kumar S., Kumar A. and Singh J., Toxicity Due to Arsenic in Gangetic Zone of Patna, India and its Linkage with Cancer, J Environ Anal Toxicol.,3(192), 2161-0525 (2013) @No $ @ @ 28.Singh S.K., Sanchez G.D. and Panigrahi S.K., Multiple Groundwater Contamination in the Mid-Gangetic Plain, Bihar, India : A Potential Threat, International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Technology (IJARST)., 3(3)147-151 (2014) @No $ @ @ 29.GoB., Bihar Ground Water (Regulation and Control of Development and Management Act) Act, 2006; Bihar, India, 29, 2007, (2007) @No $ @ @ 0.Saheb S.U., Seshaiah S. and Viswanath B., Environment and Their Legal Issues in India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences.,1(3), 44-51 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Impact of Bauxite Mining on Soil: A Case Study of Bauxite Mines at Udgiri, Dist-Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India<#LINE#>@LadR.J.,J.S.@Samant<#LINE#>77-83<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-275.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, INDIA Development Research, Awareness and Action Institute, Kolhapur, MS, INDIA , Environmental and Social Impacts of Stone Quarrying- A Case Study of Kolhapur District, International Journal of Current Research, 3(8),39-42, (2014)5.Ahanger F.A., Sharma H.K., Rather M.A. and Rao R.J., Impact of Mining Activities on Various Environmental Attributes with Special Reference to Health Impacts in Shatabdipuram, Gwalior, India, InternationalResearchJournal of Environment Sciences,3(6), 81–87 (2014)6.Harris A.M. and Samson O.N., Post-mining deterioration of bauxite overburdens in Jamaica: storage methods or subsoil dilution?,  Environ Geol,54, 111–115 (2008) 7.Shaikh S.D. and Dongare M., Effects of Mining on the Diversity of the Pteridophytes from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra (India), World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(12), 1547-1551 (2010)  8.Lad R.J. and Samant J.S., Environmental impact of bauxite mining in the Western Ghats in south Maharashtra, India, International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,  4(8), 1275-1281, (2013)9.Sheoran V., Sheoran A.S. and Poonia P., Soil Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Land by Revegetation : A Review, International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water,  3(2),(2010)10.Kumar P.N., Review of Sustainable Mining Practices, International Research Journal of Earth Sciences, 2(10), 26-29, (2014)11.Maiti S.K., Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies : Air, Noise and Overburden Analysis, (Volume 2, ABD Publishers, Jaipur), 20-60 (2003)12.Biswas T.D. and Mukherjee S.K., Textbook of Soil Science, (2nd Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi),  8-12 (1994)13.Ghosh A.B., Bajaj J.C., Hassan R. and Singh D., Laboratory Manual for Soil and Water Testing, (Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IARI, New Delhi, India), 1122, (1983)14.Roy A.K., Sharma A. and Talukder G., Some Aspects of Aluminium Toxicity, The Botanical Rev., 54, 145-178 (1988) 15.Illmer P., Marschall K. and Schinner F., Influence of <#LINE#>24/12/2014<#LINE#>30/1/2015<#LINE#>Bauxite mining being an impermanent activity, at most times, leaves long term negative impact on the environment. The study area i.e. two bauxite mines at village Udgiri, Dist-Kolhapur, forms a part of globally acknowledged biodiversity rich Western Ghats which are now under tremendous pressure. The present study is an attempt to trace out the impacts of bauxite mining on soil. Soil analysis result revealed that soils at two mine sites at Udgiri were deficient in nutrients such as Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium, with deteriorated physical soil parameters namely field capacity and water holding capacity, as compared to the soils from the adjoining forest, agriculture and plateau grassland sites. Thus the bauxite mining activity is responsible for alteration in the basic physico-chemical properties and composition of the local micro and macro ecosystems, which is bound to have adverse environmental impact on biodiversity, soils and hydrology in the catchment of dams and adjoining areas as result of changed landuse.  <#LINE#> @ @ Zaware S.G., Environmental Impact Assessment on Soil Pollution Issue about Human Health, InternationalResearchJournal of Environment Sciences, 311), (2014) @No $ @ @ Lamare R. 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