@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Kinetic Study on Biogas Production from Fish Pond Effluent co-digested with Cow dung in a Batch Bioreactor system<#LINE#>C.C@Opurum,C.O.@Nweke,C.E.@Nwanyanwu,M.I.@Nwachukwu<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-078.pdf<#LINE#>2 1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526 Owerri, Imo State, NIGERIA 2Department of Microbiology, Imo State University, Owerri, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>26/3/2015<#LINE#>9/12/2015<#LINE#> This study evaluated biogas production from fish pond effluent co-digested with cow dung using cow rumen microorganisms as the inoculum. The four (4) batch bioreactors of ten (10) litre capacity used were operated at ambient temperature (26 -35OC) and pH range of 6.5 - 8.5 for 33 days. The bioreactors were charged with different ratios of fish pond effluent (FPE) and cow dung (CD); 2.5L/400g; 2.5L/ 500g; and 2.5L/600g; for digester 1, 2 and 3, respectively while digester 4 (control) contained 2.5L of the FPE. The Total volatile solid (TVS) of the seeding sludge were 364.1g  in bioreactor 1, 493g in 2, 512g in 3 and 74g  in 4 (control). Fresh cow rumen liquor (20%) strained with cheesecloth was used as inoculum which provided the source of the methanogens. In order to optimize the pH of the substrate, 3000mg /L of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) was added into the charged bioreactors. Daily biogas yield was measured by the downward water displacement method. Statistical analysis (T test P ≤5%) indicated a significant difference in biogas yield in all the test parameters compared to the control. Significant difference in biogas was also recorded between FPE/400g CD and FPE/600gCD.The cumulative biogas production observed in bioreactor charged with FPE/400g CD, FPE/500g CD and FPE/600g CD were (19.514dm); (21.30dm3) and (25.47dm3), respectively. The bioreactor charged with FPE/600gCD exhibited the highest performance in the production of biogas. Though it demonstrated the highest biogas production potential (Ym), 304.10 ml/gVS but the maximum biogas production rate (U) was exhibited by FPE/ 400g CD, 4.33 ml/ g VS/day.The modified Gomperzt equation properly construes the cumulative biogas produced as a function of time.  <#LINE#> @ @  Aragaw T., Andargie M and Gessesse A., Co-digestion of cattle manure with Organic kitchen waste to increase biogas production using rumen fluid as inoculums, International Journal of Physical Sciences, 8(11), 443-450 (2013) @No $ @ @  Asikong B.E., Udensi O.U.  Epoke J., Eja E.M.  and Antai E.E., Microbial Analysis  and Biogas Yield of Water Hyacinth, Cow Dung and Poultry Dropping Fed Anaerobic Digesters, British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 4(4), 650-661 (2014) @No $ @ @  Muhammad R.A.M and Shuichi T., Production of Biomethane from Cafeteria, Vegetable and Fruit Wastes by Anaerobic Co-Digestion Process, Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 1(2), 94-99 (2014) @No $ @ @  Divya D., Gopinath L.R. and Merlin C.P., A Review on Trends issues and Prospects for Biogas Production in Developing Countries, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(1), 62-69 (2014) @No $ @ @  Okoroigwe E.C., Ibeto C.N. and Ezema C.G., Experimental Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Dog Waste, Academic Journals, 9(5), 30 (2014) @No $ @ @  Mahat S., Lamichhane P. and Thapa UK, Global Warming Mitigation Potential of Biogas Technology in Security Institutions of Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(10), 68-74 (2014) @No $ @ @  Santhosh P and Revathi D., Synthesis of Biogas as a Renewable Energy from Organic Waste Mixture by Anaerobic Fermentation, Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 4(2), 1601-1608 (2014) @No $ @ @  Membere A.E, Ugbebor J and Okeke J., Computational Model for Biogas Production from Solid Waste, Journal of Environment, 02(02), 47-51 (2013) @No $ @ @  Tsunatu D.Y., Azuaga I.C. and Agabison J., Evaluation of the Effect of Total Solids  Concentration on Biogas Yields of Agricultural Wastes, International Research Journal of  Environment Sciences, 3(2), 70-75 (2014) @No $ @ @  Iginio C, Angelo C, Vittorino G, Adriana S.R.F. and Rosa V., Modeling of an Anaerobic Process producing Biogas from Winery Wastes Chemical Engineering Transactions, 27, 301-306 (2012) @No $ @ @  Senturk E., Ýnce M. and Onkal Engin G., Assessment of Kinetic Parameters for Thermophilic Anaerobic Contact Reactor Treating Food-Processing Wastewater, International Journal of Environmental. Research, 7(2), 293-302 (2013) @No $ @ @  Srinidhi A., Ramya R., Shankar B.B., Jagadish H.P. and Geetha C.R., Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth, Poultry Litter, Cow Manure and Primary Sludge: A Comparative Study, 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology and  Environment Management, 42, 73-78 (2012) @No $ @ @  Young-Man, Seung-Hwan K., Kook-Sik S. and Chang-Hyun K., Effect of Substrate to Inoculum Ratio on the Biochemical Methane Potential of Piggery Slaughterhouse, Asian Australas Journal of Animal Science, 22(4), 600-607 (2014) @No $ @ @  AOAC, Official methods of analysis, 17th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Maryland, USA, (2000) @No $ @ @  Okeh C.O., Onwosi C.O. and Odibo F.J.C., Biogas production from Rice Husks generated from various Rice mills in Ebony State, Nigeria, Renewable Energy, 62, 204- 208 (2014) @No $ @ @  Budiyono I.S. and Sumardiono S., Kinetic Model of Biogas Yield Production from Vinasse at Various Initial pH: Comparison between Modified Gompertz Model and First Order Kinetic Model, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(13), 2798–2805 (2014) @No $ @ @  Nuhu M., Mujahid M.M, Aminu A.H, Abbas A.J, Babangida D., Tsunatu D., Aminu Y.Z, Mustapha Y., Ahmed I and Onukak I.E., Optimum design parameter determination of biogas digester using human faeces feedstock, Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 4(4), 46-49 (2013) @No $ @ @  Ganiyu O.T. and Oloke J.K., Effects of Organic Nitrogen and Carbon Supplementation on Biomethanation of Rice Bran, Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 25–30 (2012) @No $ @ @  Dioha I.J., Ikeme C.H., Nafi’u T., Soba N.I.  and Yusuf  M.B.S., Effect of Carbon to Nitrogen ratio on Biogas production, International Research Journal of Natural Sciences, 1(3), 1-10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Olugbemide A.D., Ohiro E., Abdulkadir M.N., Oladipo A. and Ogungbemide D.I., Sustainable Management of Kitchen Waste through Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of  pH and Loading Rates on Biogas Yield, Journal of Biofuels, 4(1), 9-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Miglani P., Gupta R.K. and Bhattacharya T.K., Impact of Ni(II), Zn(II) and  Cd(II) on biogassification of potato waste, Journal of Environmental Biology, 27(1), 61- 66 (2006) @No $ @ @  Ogiehor I.S. and Ovueni U.J., Effect of temperature, pH, and solids concentration on biogas production from poultry waste, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(1), 62-69 (2014) @No $ @ @ Vivekanan S and Kamaraj G., Investigation on cow dung as co-substrate with pretreate sodium hydroxide on rice chaff for efficient biogas production, International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 1(4), 76-80 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Tracing Carbon Footprint in the Wastewater Treatment Plant<#LINE#>Hamouda@HasanM.<#LINE#>8-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-121.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning, University of Palestine, 1075, PALESTINE <#LINE#>25/5/2015<#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>The greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) can all be produced in wastewater treatment operations. Major progress has been encountered for estimating (NO) and (CH) emissions from wastewater treatment plants, yet, limited number of studies considered CO. One problem with the mass balance technique in the Activated Sludge lies in satisfactorily measuring waste activated sludge volumes and in obtaining representative samples for analysis. A traditional mass balance approach for analyzing the performance of the activated sludge secondary clarifier does not account for variations in sludge depth and suspended solids concentrations within different layers. In turn, a gap in knowledge is present in closing the Carbon mass balance within the Activated Sludge system. In this essence, the main focus of this research is to quantify the carbon dioxide emissions from the Aeration Tank in the biological treatment. This will be achieved by generating a full-scale of accurate measures to precisely simulate the SC behavior aiming at determining the fate of the CO through the Activated Sludge system. Results from this research attained a reasonable carbon balance closure of 95%.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hofman J., Hofman-Caris R., Nederlof M., Frijns J., Van Loosdrecht, M., Water and energy as inseparable twins for sustainable solutions, Journal of Water Science and Technology,63, 88-9 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mairi J., Lyimo T. and Njau K., Performance of subsurface flow constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment, Tanzania Journal of Science, 38(2), 66-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Durai G. and M. Rajasimman, Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater-A Review, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,4, 1-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Majewsky M., Farlin J., Bayerle M. and  Galle T., A case study on the accuracy of mass balances for xenobiotics in full scale wastewater treatment plants, Environmental Science Process Impacts,15(4), 730–738 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lim J., Sankarrao B., Oh T., Kim M., Kang O., Kim J. and Yoo C., Estimation of nitrous oxide emissions (GHG) from wastewater treatment plants using closedloop mass balance and date reconciliation, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,29(9), 1123-1128 (2012) @No $ @ @ Law Y., Ye L., Pan Y. and Yuan Z., Nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment plant processes, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 5, 1265-1277 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bakiri Z. and Nacef S., A Simple Model for Secondary Clarifier: Application to Wastewater Treatment Plant, Journal of Desalination and Water Treatment,51(7-9),1571-1576 (2013) @No $ @ @ Geissen S.u., Untersuchungen zur Überschussschlammproduktion biologischer Abwasser-reinigungssysteme (Investigations on the excess sludge production of biological wastewater treatment systems), Dissertation, S. 31-34, TU-Clausthal-Germany, (1990) @No
<#LINE#>Enumeration and New records of Lichens in Kodagu district- A Micro Hotspot in Western Ghats of Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Rashmi@S.,H.G.@Rajkumar<#LINE#>17-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-168.pdf<#LINE#> Department of studies in botany, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, INDIA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia GA 30602, USA <#LINE#>27/7/2015<#LINE#>30/9/2015<#LINE#>The present work describes lichen diversity in Kodagu district, which is also known as micro hotspot situated in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. A total of 87 species belonging to 29 families under 50 genera was enumerated during the study. About 25 species of lichens are found to be new record to the lichen flora of Karnataka. Family Parmeliaceae and Physciaceae were dominated with 20 species under 5 genera and 15 species under 7 genera, respectively. Compared to other substratum most of the lichens recorded were corticolous (colonizing bark) with 78 species. Crustose and foliose growth form dominates with about 44% in all the regions. The highest diversity of lichens was enumerated in Nisargadhama [MDF] with 57 species, with highest Shannon- Simpson index of 3.75 and 0.02 respectively in which macrolichens were more dominated.  Distribution of lichens in deciduous forest was more when compared to semi-evergreen and evergreen forests. The lichen rich diversity in a small, densely forested area indicates that much exploration regarding the enumeration of lichens is required.<#LINE#> @ @ Ahmadjian V., The lichen symbiosis, John Wiley and sons (1993) @No $ @ @ Lex, Environmental Leigh, Canyonleigh chronicle, (2015) @No $ @ @ Molleman L., Boeve S., Wolf J., Oostermeijer G., Devy S. and Ganesan R., Commercial harvesting and regeneration of epiphytic macrolichen communities in the Western Ghats, India, Environmental Conservation, 38(3), 334–341 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh K.P. and Sinha G.P., Indian Lichens: An annotated checklist. Botanical survey of India (2010) @No $ @ @ Sudarshan P. and Ramachandra T.V., Lichens of Western Ghats, Lake: Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change, 1-4 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nayaka S. and Upreti D.K., Status of Lichen Diversity in Western Ghats, India. 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<#LINE#>Desiccation tolerance in Artillery Plant (Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm): A search<#LINE#>Greeshma@GM,K@Murugan<#LINE#>26-32<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-174.pdf<#LINE#>Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University college, Trivandrum, 695 034, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>6/8/2015<#LINE#>11/10/2015<#LINE#>Water deficiency is the most significant abiotic stress factor for land plants. Most plants are unable to survive desiccation to the air dry state. There are however a few species from lower plant groups to flowering plants that tolerate desiccation known as resurrection plants. So, the present investigation was undertaken to study the biochemical changes in Pilea microphylla against desiccation (1, 3, 5 and 7 days) and rehydration (30 min) stress. As an initial part of the study total sugar, protein and proline content were analyzed and showed a gradual decline during the stress periods. The SDS-PAGE analysis of protein indicated the disappearance of certain bands in the desiccated and rehydrated samples (7D) when compared to the control indicating the denaturation of proteins during stress. Similarly, the appearance of new bands (15kDa on 3D and 20 and 17kDa on the 5D) were also noticed suggesting the formation of stress related proteins to tide over desiccation. The amount of free amino acids increased in P. microphylla, in pace with desiccation periods. Constitutive increase in the level of proline (the stress amino acid) accumulation is seen when compared with the control i.e., 6 fold higher than that of the control, after exposed to desiccation for 5 D. Increase in proline level relating to exposure time of desiccation stress suggests its role as osmolyte. Similarly, a reduction in chlorophyll level and an increase in carotenoid were also observed during stress. Decrease of total chlorophyll content was observed with duration of desiccation. 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N., Identification of regions of the tomato g-glutamyl kinase that are involved in allosteric regulation by proline, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 14203–14210 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hartl F.U., Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding, Nature,381, 571-580 (1996) @No $ @ @ Frydman J., Folding of newly translated proteins in vivo: the role of molecular chaperones, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 70, 603- 647 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ali Ahmad M. and Basha S.M., Effect of water stress on composition of peanut leaves, Peanut Sci.,25, 31-34(1998) @No $ @ @ Jyoti Ranjan Rout. and Santi Lata Sahoo., Morphological and Protein Profile Alterations in Withinia somnifera L. with response to iron stress, Ind. J. Life Sci.,2(1), 21-25 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Ground Water Quality, Health, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in slum area of Jalgaon City, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>Kiran@Pawar,Harshika@Kaul,Sarika@Karda,GauriM@Rane.<#LINE#>33-41<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-180.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon, MS, INDIA Department of Botany, Moolji  Jaitha College, Jalgaon. MS, INDIA <#LINE#>13/8/2015<#LINE#>21/10/2015<#LINE#>Tambapura area is a slum area of Jalgaon city, characterized by a densely populated area marked by heavy crowding, dirty run-down housing, poverty, and social disorganization. Large quantities of solid waste generated from the residences, commercial, municipal and hospitals are dumped in open land areas. Such dumping causes environmental pollution by deteriorating the ground water quality, encourage the breedingof disease-vector insects, animal scavengers and rodents resulting in spreading of air and water borne  diseases. The present study was conducted to assess the health and hygiene conditions due to open solid waste dumping in Tambapura area. To carry out the study, the ground water samples were collected and analyzed for various physical, chemical and biological parameters to assess the contamination due to solid waste dumping. The health impacts were studied by systematic review of water borne and vector borne diseases that had affected adults and children’s in this region. The results reviewed that due to poor sanitation, unhygienic conditions and unsecured drinking water people of slum area are prone to much water borne and vector borne diseases. <#LINE#> @ @  Afolayan O.S., Ogundele F.O. and Ayo Omotayo, Comparative analysis of the effect of closed and operational landfills on groundwater quality in solous, Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of applied technology in environmental sanitation, 2(1), 67-76 (2012)@No $ @ @Patil Chidanand, Narayanakar Shreekant and Virupakshi Arjun, Assessment of Groundwater Quality around Solid Waste Landfill Area-A Case Study, International. Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(7), July 2013 ISSN: 2319-8753 (2013)@No $ @ @Dhere A.M., Pawar C.B., Pardeshi P.B. and Patil D.A., Municipal solid waste disposal in Pune city- An analysis of air and groundwater pollution, Current Science, 95(6), 774- 777 (2008)@No $ @ @Fadel El, Findikakis M. and Leckie J.O., Environmental impact of solid waste-land filling, Journal of Environmental and Management, 50, 1-25 (1971)@No $ @ @Sing PushpendraBundelaa, Sharmab Anjana, Kumar Akhilesh, Pandeya Priyanka and Awasthi Abhishek Kumar, Physicochemical analysis of Ground water near Municipal Solid Waste Dumping sites in Jabalpur, International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2(1) Jan-Mar 2012 ISSN 2231- 4490 (2012)@No $ @ @Cocchi D. and Scagliarini M., Modelling the Effect of Salinity on the Multivariate Distribution of Water Quality Index, Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 1(4), 268- 272 (2005)@No $ @ @Abbasi S.A. and Vinithan S., Water quality in and around an industrialized suburb of Pondicherry, The Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Health, 41(4), 253-263 (1999)@No $ @ @Fatta D.A., Papadopoulos and Loizidou M., A study on the landfill leachate and its impact on the groundwater quality of the greater area, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 21(2), 175-190 (1999)@No $ @ @APHA, Standard Methods for examination of water and waste water 21st edition (2005)@No $ @ @American Public Health Association Washington D.C., (2005)@No $ @ @Orebiyi, Assessment of Pollution Hazards of Shallow Well Water in Abeokuta and Environs, Southwest, Nigeria, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, (2010)@No $ @ @BBureau of Indian Standard / Specification for Drinking Water (BIS: 10500:1991), (1991)@No $ @ @Shyamala R., Physicochemical Analysis of Borewell Water Samples of Telungupalayam Area in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, E-Journal of Chemistry, (2008)@No $ @ @Belevi H. and Baccini P., Long-term behavior of municipal solid waste landfills: Waste Management Research , 7, 43-56 (1989)@No $ @ @Ashvin G. Godghate, Rajaram S. Sawant and Shobha D. Jadhav, An Evaluation of Physico-chemical Parameters to Assess Borewell Water Quality from Madyal and Vadgaon Villages of Kagal Tahsil, MS, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(5), 95-97 (2013) ISSN 2319–1414 16. Lee B.K., Hwang H.W., Qureshi T.I. and Kim Y.J., Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32, 638 (2010)@No $ @ @Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Bharti Prabhat and Ranjan Rakesh, Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of the Budhi Gandak belt in Muzaffarpur district, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(1), 7-11 (2012)@No $ @ @Bruins MR, Kapil S and Oehme F W, Ecotox Environ Safe, 45, 198-207 (2000)@No $ @ @Karim S., Chaudhry M.N., Ahmed K. and Batool A., Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32, 429 (2010)@No $ @ @Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha, Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand district, Gujarat, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(1), 28-33 (2012)@No $ @ @Jindal Kumar Manoj, Deshmukh Poonam and Tamrakar Ruchi, Testing and Analysis of Drinking Water Quality of Underground Water located near Rural Area of Risali Chhattisgarh, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(5), 44-47 (2014)@No $ @ @Mahar R.B., Liu J., Yue D. and Nie Y., Land filling of pretreated municipal solid waste by natural convection of air and its effects, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 42, 351–359 (2007)@No $ @ @Mushini Venkata Subba Rao, Vaddi Dhilleswara Rao and Bethapudi Samuel Anand Andrews, Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Water Quality Parameters using Multivariate Chemometric Analysis for Markanda River, India<#LINE#>Rout@Chadetrik,BhatiaUpain@Kumar<#LINE#>42-48<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-186.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, INDIA <#LINE#>16/8/2015<#LINE#>7/10/2015<#LINE#>The present study uses several univariate and multivariate statistical techniques to evaluate and interpret a water quality data set obtained from the Markanda River within the state of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, India. Data was collected from August-November 2013 and 2014 for eight parameters used to assess the status of the water quality, namely pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, sulphate, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Water quality was monitored at 8 sampling stations along the Markanda river. The data were first analysed using univariate statistical tools, followed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis that reduced the data dimensions for better interpretation. This study also presents the usefulness of different statistical methods for evaluation and interpretation of river water quality data for the purpose of monitoring the effectiveness of water resource management. Higher values of EC, BOD and COD indicate that river water is not safe for drinking purposes as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). <#LINE#> @ @ Sahoo N.K., Rout C., Khuman Y.S.C. and Prasad J., Sustainability Links of River Linking, Proceedings National Speciality Conference on River Hydraulics, 145-154, 29-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Patra H.S., Rout C., Bhatia U.K. and Garg M.P.,Impact of Mining and Industrial Activities on Brahmani River in Angul-Talcher Region of Orissa, India,Proceedings National Speciality Conference on River Hydraulics, 97-205, 29-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rani M., Rout C., Garg V. and Goel G., Evaluation of Water Quality of Yamuna River with Reference to Physico-Chemical Parameters at Yamuna Nagar City, Haryana, India,  Proceedings AICTE Sponsored National Conference on River Hydraulics, 67-76, 22-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Banerjee S. P., Chavan R.P. and Lokhande R.S. Quality Assessment of River Water with Special Reference to Pearson Correlation Study, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(12), 39-43 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Abundance of Aquatic Entomofauna in Glacial Fed Mountainous Goriganga River of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(4), 51-63 (2014) @No $ @ @ Shahi R. P. and Hamidi M. K., Phytoplankton Primary Production in the River Jharahi at Mairwa, India. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(10), 62-67 (2014) @No $ @ @ Nighojkar A. and Dohare D., Physico-Chemical Parameters for Testing of Present Water Quality of Khan River at Indore, India. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci.,3(4), 74-81 (2014) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia S. and Raj K., Assessment of Water Quality of River Mandakini during Amawashya in Chitrakoot, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(2), 54-57 (2015) @No $ @ @ Barde V. S., Piplode S., Thakur V. and Agrawal R., Physico-chemical Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River at Barwani and Khalghat, MP, India. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(3), 12-16 (2015) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Studies on Diversity and Abundance of Fresh Water Diatoms as Indicators of Water Quality in Glacial Fed Goriganga River, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci.,4(4), 80-85 (2015) @No $ @ @ Valentina T., Singh H.T., Tamuli A.K. and Teron R., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fish Diversity of Hill streams in Karbi Anglong district, Assam, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(5), 6-11 (2015) @No $ @ @ Arun L., Chadetrik R. and Ravi P. D., Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Yamuna River in Rural and Semi-urban Settings of Agra, India, Int. J. Earth Sci. and Engg.,8(4), 1627-1631 (2015) @No $ @ @ Arun L., Ravi P.D. and Chadetrik R., Assessment of Water Quality of the Yamuna River in Rural and Semiurban Settings of Agra, India, Int. J. Earth Sci. and Engg.,8(4), 1661-1666 (2015) @No $ @ @ Kshetrimayum K. S. and Bajpai V. N., Establishment of Missing Stream Link between the Markanda River and the Vedic Saraswati River in Haryana, India Geoelectrical Resistivity Approach, Curr. Sci., 100(11), 1719-1724 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kshetrimayum K.S,. Morphometric Analysis and Vertical Electrical Sounding in Groundwater Prospecting: A Case Study from a Himalayan Foothill River Basin, NW India, Int. J. Geom. and Geosci., 4(1), 103-115 (2013) @No $ @ @ APHA, American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for Estimation of Water and Wastewater, AWWA, Water Pollution Control Federation, New York, 19(1995) @No $ @ @ Thoker F.A., Manderia S. and Manderia K., Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 1(2), 41-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lokhande R.S., Singare P.U. and Pimple D.S., Study of Physico-chemical Parameters of Waste Water Effluents from Taloja Industrial Area of Mumbai, India, Int. J. Ecos., 1(1), 1-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hashemzadeh F. and Venkataramana G. V.,  Impact of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water on Zooplankton Diversity in Nanjangud Industrial Area, India. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 1(4), 37-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shivayogimath C.B., Kalburgi P.B., Deshannavar U.B. and Virupakshaiah D.B.M., Water Quality Evaluation of River Ghataprabha, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 1(1), 12-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ogunfowokan A.O., Okoh E.K., Adenuga A.A. and Asubiojo O.I., Assessment of the Impact of Point Source Pollution from a University Sewage Treatment Oxidation Pond on the Receiving Stream-A Preliminary Study, J. App. Sci., 6(1), 36-43 (2005) @No $ @ @ Liu C.W., Lin K.H. and Kuo Y.M., Application of factor analysis in the assessment of ground water quality in a Blackfoot disease area in Taiwan, Sci. Tot. Environ., 313(1-3), 77-89 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rout C., Lavaniya A. and Divakar R. P., Assessment of Physico-chemical Characteristics of River Yamuna at Agra Region of Uttar Pradesh, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(9), 25-32 (2015) @No $ @ @ Rout C. and Sharma A., Assessment of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study of Ambala Cantonment Area, Haryana, India, Int. J. Env. Sci., 2(2), 933-945 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Quality Assessment of Surface Water in Gandhamardan Iron ore Mining area of Keonjhar District, Odisha, India<#LINE#>K@Pradhan,A.K@Patra<#LINE#>49-56<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-211.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, D.B. College, Turumunga, Keonjhar, Odisha, INDIA Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>27/9/2015<#LINE#>12/10/2015<#LINE#>Surface run-off from the mining during exploration and excavation get laden with aluminous   laterite soil from mine benches. Direct discharge of the surface runoff to the natural nallas (streams) affects the water quality. So in this context the present work focuses on surface water quality in Gandhamardan iron ore mining area. The physico-chemical characteristics were estimated during winter, summer and rainy seasons for two consecutive years 2011-12 and 2012-13. The parametes like p, Total hardness, Alkalinity, BOD, COD, TDS, Iron, Chloride, Sulphate were assessed at four sampling sites. The result showed that water qualities of all locations were within the permissible limits except for Dissolved Oxygen, Iron contents and Turbidity. DO contents ranged from 1.26mg/l to 3.03mg/l in 2011-12 and 1.0 mg/l to 3.08 mg/l in 2012-13, Iron ranged from 1.00 mg/l to3.50 mg/l in 2011-12 and 1.00 mg/l to 3.56 mg/l in 2012-13and turbidity (NTU) ranged from 15 to 24 in 2011-12 and 16 to 28 in 2012-13.  <#LINE#> @ @ Carpenter S.R., Caraco N.F., Correll D.L, Howarth R.W., Sharpley A.N. and Smith V.H., Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen, Ecol Appl., 8(3), 559–68 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jarvie HP, Whitton BA and Neal C., Nitrogen and phosphorus in east coast British rivers: speciation, sources and biological significance, Sci Total Environ, 210–211, 79–109 (1998) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of water and waste water, 20th Edn. Washington D.C. (2000) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K. Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution Studies, Environmental Publications, Karad, 1-112, (1986) @No $ @ @ Simeonov V., Stratis J.A., Samara C., Zachariadis G., Voutsa D., Anthemidis A., Sofoniou M. and Kouimtzis T., Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece, Water Research, 37 ,4119–4124 (2003) @No $ @ @ Young J.C., Mcdermott G.N. and Jenkins D., Alterations in the BOD procedure for the 15th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination water and Waste Water, Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,53, 1253 (1981) @No $ @ @ Ahmad M and Krishnamurty P.K., Hydrobiological Studies of water resources, Aurangabad, India, J. Environ. Biol.,2 (3), 335-343, (1990) @No $ @ @ Bockris J.O.M., Environmental Chemistry, Plenum Press, New York, USA (1978) @No $ @ @ Progatiswaran C., Paruthimal Kalaignan G., Purushothaman N. and Rajan R., Quality assessment of surface water in an industrially populated Town-Hosur during Premonsoon, Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 13(2), 141-144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chandrasekhar N., Kumarsen S. and Jayasekhar T,, A Study on air pollution in Tuticorin, Ind J Env Prot.,22(12), 1331-1336 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jameel A., Physicochemical Studies in Vyyakondan Channel water of Cauvery, Pollution Research, 17(2),111-114, (1998) @No $ @ @ Pandey B.N., Das, P.K.L. and Jha A.K., Physicochemical analysis of drinking water of Purnea District, Bihar, Acta Ecology, 14(2), 108-114 (1992) @No
<#LINE#>Valorization of Urban Sewage Sludge: Aerobic composting with Banana peel, Rice straw and Eucalyptus leaves<#LINE#>Ignace@AganiC.,Fidèle@Suanon,Biaou@Dimon,Franck@Yovo,Lyde@TometiaA.S.,Mama@Daouda,Azandegbe@CoffiEni<#LINE#>57-64<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-215.pdf<#LINE#>1 Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, BENIN Beninese Center for Scientifics Research and Technologies (CBRST), 03 BP 1665 Cotonou, BENIN <#LINE#>3/10/2015<#LINE#>13/11/2015<#LINE#>The disposal of urban wastes and sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an issue of growing importance; which hinders urban development in developing countries like it is the case in Africans’ countries. Here we have investigated the composting of sewage sludge with i. banana peel (BP) and ii. mixture of rice straw-eucalyptus leaves (RS-EL) as bulking materials. Results shown good performance of both materials, and very good humification of organic matter and decomposition rates were estimated for about 41.4% and 50.3%, respectively in the compost with BP and with RS-EL. Physicochemical properties [pH (7.4 - 7.8) and electrical conductivity (EC, 3.29 – 3.58 mS cm-1)] of the produced composts favored its utilization in agricultural soil as fertilizer. However, further investigation on the degradation of organic micro pollutants and the mobility of heavy metals is still needed to fully appreciate the safety of such compost. <#LINE#> @ @ Chu, L., Yan, S., Xing, X-H., Sun, X. L. and Jurcik, B., Progress and perspectives of sludge ozonation as a powerful pretreatment method for minimization of excess sludge production, Water Res.,43, 1811-1822 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lee I. and Han J.I., The effects of waste-activated sludge pretreatment using hydrodynamic cavitation for methane production, Ultrason. Sonochem.,20, 1450-1455 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bader A.H. and El-Sayed S.A.S., Household Solid Waste Composition and Management in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia: A planning model, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci,4(1), 1-10 (2015) @No $ @ @ Chipasa K.B., Accumulation and fate of selected heavy metals in a biological wastewater treatment system, Waste Manage.,23 (2), 135-143 (2003) @No $ @ @ Erkut E., Karagiannidis A., Perkoulidis G. and Tjandra S.A., A multicriteria facility location model for municipal solid waste management in North Greece, Euro. J. Oper. Res.,187, 1402-1421 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dadhich S.K., Pandey A.K., Prasanna R., Nain L. and Kaushik B.D., Optimizing cerop residue based composts for enhancing soil fertility and crop yield of rice, Indian J. Agric. Sci.,82 (1), 85-88 (2012) @No $ @ @ De Bertoldi M. and Zucconi F., Microbiologia della trasformazione dei rifiuti solidi urbani in compost e loro utilizzazione in agricoltura (Microbiology of the transformation of urban solid waste in compost and its use in agriculture), Ingegneria Ambientale.,9, 209-216 (1980) @No $ @ @ Guo R., Li G. X., Jiang T., Schuchardt F., Chen, T., Zhao Y. and Shen Y., Effect of aeration rate, C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost, Bioresour. Technol.,112, 171-178 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sönmez I., Determination of the optimum mixture ratio and nutrient con-tents of broccoli wastes, wheat straw and manure for composting, J. Food Agric. Environ.,10(3-4), 972-976 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarangi S.K. and Lama T.D., Straw composting using earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) and fungal inoculant (Trichoderma viridae) and its utilization in rice (Oryzasativa)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cropping system, Indian J. Agric. Sci.,83, 420-425 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dias B.O., Silva C.A., Higshikawa F.S., Roig A. and Sanchez-Monedero M.A., Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure: effect on organic matter degradation and humification, Bioresour. Technol.,101, 1239-1246 (2010) @No $ @ @ Maliska K. and Zabochnicka-wiatek M., Selection of bulking agents for composting of sewage sludge, Environ. Prot. Eng., 30, 91-103 (2013) @No $ @ @ Maliskaa K., Zabochnicka-wiateka M. and Dach J., Effects of biochar amendment on ammonia emission during composting of sewage sludge, Ecol. Eng., 71,474-478 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zhou H.B., Ma C., Gao D., Chen TB., Zheng GD., Chen J. and Pan TH., Application of a recyclable plastic bulking agent for sewage sludge Composting, Bioresour. Technol.,152, 329-336 (2014) @No $ @ @ He M.M., Tian G.M. and Liang X.Q., Phytotoxicity and speciation of copper, zinc and lead during the aerobic composting of sewage sludge, J. Hazard. Mater.,163,671-677 (2009) @No $ @ @ Iglesias-Jiménez E., Perez-Garcia V. and gracía V.P., Relationship between organic carbon and total organic carbon in municipal solid waste and city refuse composts, Bioresour. Technol.,41, 265-272 (1992) @No $ @ @ Pagans E., Barrena R., Font X. and Sanchez A., Ammonia emissions from the composting of different organic wastes. Dependency on process temperature, Chemosphere,62, 1534-1542 (2006) @No $ @ @ Boniecki P., Dach J., Pilarski K. and Piekarska Boniecka H., Artificial neural networks for modeling ammonia emissions released from sewage sludge composting, Atmos. Environ.,57, 49-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ruggieri L., Gea T., Mompeó M., Sayara T. and Sánchez A., Performance of different systems for the composting of the source-selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Biosyst. Eng.,101, 78-86 (2008) @No $ @ @ El Fels L., Zamama M., El Asli A. and Hafidi M., Assessment of biotransformation of organic matter during co-composting of sewage sludge-lignocelullosic waste by chemical, FTIR analyses, and phytotoxicity tests, International Biodeterior. Biodegrad.,87, 128-137 (2014) @No $ @ @ Troy S.M., Nolan T., Kwapinski W., Leahy J.J. and Healy M.G., Effect of sawdust addition on composting of separated raw and anaerobically digested pig manure, J. Environ. Manage., 111, 70-77 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nakasaki K., Nag K. and Karita S., Microbial succession associated with organic matter decomposition during thermophilic composting of organic waste, Waste Manage. Res.,23, 48-56 (2005) @No $ @ @ Warman P.R. and Tremmeer W.C., Evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage: Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content of crop and soils, Bioresour. Technol.,96, 1029-1038 (2005) @No $ @ @ Wong J.W.C., Mak K.F., Chna N.W., Lam A., Fang M., Zhou L.X., Wu Q.T. and Liao X.D., Co-composting of soybean residues and leaves in Hong Kong, Bioresour.Technol.,76, 99-106 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hassen A., Belguith K., Jedidi N., Cherif A., Cherif M. and Boudabous A., Microbial characterization during composting of municipal solid waste, Bioresour. Technol.,80, 217-225 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rasapoor M., Nasrabadi T., Kamali M. and Hovidi H., The effects of aeration rate on generated compost quality, using aerated static pile method, Waste Manage.,29,570-573 (2009) @No $ @ @ Huang G.F., Wu Q.T., Wong J.W.C. and Nagar B.B., Transformation of organic matter during co-composting of pig manure with sawdust, Bioresour. Technol.,97,1834-1842 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tognetti C, Mazzarino M.J. and Laos F., Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost. Bioresour, Technol.,98, 1067-1076 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jusoh M.L.C., Manaf L.A. and Latiff P.A., Composting of rice straw with effective microorganisms (EM) and its influence on compost quality, Iran J Environ Healt.,10, 17 (2013) @No $ @ @ Fogarty A and Tuovinen O., Microbiological degradation of pesticides in yard waste composting, Microbiol. Rev.,55, 225-233 (1991) @No
<#LINE#>Detection of Methyl tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) in Gasoline Fuel using FTIR: ATR spectroscopy<#LINE#>Lalnunthari@J.,H.H.@Thanga<#LINE#>65-68<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-226.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, INDIA <#LINE#>19/10/2015<#LINE#>24/11/2015<#LINE#>Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is the primary oxygenate additive used in gasoline fuel in compliance with the Clean Air Act requirements to reduce emission level of spark ignited automotive engines. However, MTBE is also classified as a possible carcinogen and there have been several cases where the compound is found to contaminate soil and ground water through its used as oxygenate in fuel. Therefore in the present work gasoline samples collected from different filling stations in Aizawl were analyzed for the presence of MTBE using Fourier Transform Infrared – Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy in the mid IR region. Out of 14 samples tested one sample is found to contain MTBE. The presence of the oxygenate in gasoline is identified from its distinct IR absorption bands at 1203, 1085 and 852  cm-1 due to the CC and CO vibrational modes of the molecule. IR mode assignment of gasoline fuel in the 650-3750 cm-1 region is also discussed and presented.  <#LINE#> @ @ Muralikrishnan R, Swarnalakshmi M. and Nakkeeran E., Nanoparticle-membrane filtration of vehicular exhaust to reduce air pollution: A review, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(4), 82-86 (2014) @No $ @ @ Saini B., Verma R., Himanshu S.K. and Gupta S., Analysis of exhaust emissions from gasoline powered vehicles in a sub-urban Indian town, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(4), 82-86 (2014) @No $ @ @ Balwant K., Kumar S.U. and Sukanta N., A review of some specific air pollutants and its exposure related to human health, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 4(9), 82-86 (2015) @No $ @ @ Tanasorn T., Kalaya Z. and Anusorn R., Relative study on blood BTEX, testosterone hormone, kiney and liver functions in gasoline station workers, Thailand, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(5), 48-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Clean Air Act Amendments, 42 U.S.C., 1857 et seq., (1990) @No $ @ @ Calvert J.G., Heywood J.B., Sawyer R.F. and Seinfeld J.H., Achieving Acceptable Air Quality: Some Reflections on Controlling Vehicle Emissions, Science, 261, 37-45, (1993) @No $ @ @ Hamid H. and Ali M.A., Handbook of MTBE and other gasoline oxygenates, Marcel Dekker, 14 (2004) @No $ @ @ Reuter J E, Allen B C and Richards R.C., Concentrations, sources, and fate of the gasoline oxygenate methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in a multiple-use lake, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3666-3672 (1998) @No $ @ @ Johnson R., Pankow J. and Bender D., MTBE, to what extent will past releases contaminates community water supply wells?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 210A-217A (2000) @No $ @ @ Status and Impact of State MTBE Bans, Energy Information Administration, 2003-03-27 (2003) @No $ @ @ Toxicological Profile for Automotive Gasoline, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR),CAS No. 8006-61-9 (1995) @No $ @ @ Smith B.C., Infrared Spectral Interpretation: A Systematic Approach, CRC Press, 78 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Tree Diversity, Population Structure and Utilization in Traditionally Managed Sub-Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests of Meghalaya, North East India<#LINE#>Lynser@M.B.,B.K.@Tiwari<#LINE#>69-81<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-234.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, Shillong College, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793003, INDIA Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, INDIA<#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>15/11/2015<#LINE#>Forest dependent communities of Meghalaya, India have evolved various traditional forest management systems for managing their forests. This study aims to understand the impact of different management systems on tree species diversity and population structure. Three traditionally managed subtropical wet evergreen forests in the state were studied following standard vegetation analysis methods. The study reveals that management systems have an effect on tree species diversity and population structure in that higher tree species diversity, density and basal cover were found in forest management systems involving higher degree of protection and low disturbance. The use percentage of economically important tree species was higher in forests with low protection and high disturbance. The findings highlight the important contribution of traditional forest management practices by the local people in maintaining a balance between conservation and sustainable utilization of forest resources. <#LINE#> @ @ Cadotte M.W., Franck R., Reza L. and Lovett-Doust J., Tree and shrub diversity and abundance in fragmented littoral forest of southeastern Madagascar, Biodivers. Conserv.,11, 1417–1436 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bhuyan P., Khan M.L. and Tripathi R.S., Tree diversity and population structure in undisturbed and human-impacted stands of tropical wet evergreen forest in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India, Biodivers. Conserv., 12, 1753 – 1773 (2003) @No $ @ @ Thapa N., Upadhaya K., Bhaishya R. and Barik S. K., Effect of Plantation on Plant Diversity and Soil Status of Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Meghalaya, Northeast India, Int. J. Ecol.Environ. Sci., 37 (1), 61-73 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kyayesimira J. and Lejju J. B., Vegetation Regeneration in Formerly degraded Hilly areas of Rwampara, South Western Uganda, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.4(8), 1-7 (2015) @No $ @ @ Tiwari B. K., Tynsong H. and Lynser M. B., Forest Management Practices of the Tribal People of Meghalaya, North-east India, J. Trop. For. Sci.,22(3), 329-342 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mo X., Zhu H., Zhang Y., Slik J.W.F. and Liu, J., Traditional forest management has limited impact on plant diversity and composition in a tropical seasonal rainforest in SW China, Biol. Conserv., 144, 1832–1840 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murali K. S., Shankar U., Ganeshaih K. N., Umashaanker R. and Bawa K. S., Extraction of non timber forest products in the forest of BilgiriRangan Hill, India, 2. Impact of NTFP extraction on regeneration; population structure and species composition, Econ. Bot., 50, 252–269 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lynser M. B., Forest Products of Raid Saw Symper, Meghalaya and their contribution to the Livelihood of the people. Ph.D. dissertation, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, (2013) @No $ @ @ FSI., The State of Forest Report, Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, (2011) @No $ @ @ Poffenberger M., Communities and Forest Management, IUCN Working Group on Community Involvement in Forest Management, Cambridge, UK, (1996) @No $ @ @ Muthuramkumar S., Ayyappan N., Parthasarathy N., Mudappa D., Raman T. R. S., Selwyn M. A. and Pragasan L. A., Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India, Biotropica,38(2), 143–160 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mishra B. P., Tripathi R. S., Tripathi O. P. and Pandey, H. N., Effect of disturbance on the regeneration of four dominant and economically important woody species in a broad-leaved subtropical humid forest of Meghalaya, northeast India, Curr. Sci.,84, 1449–1453 (2003) @No $ @ @ Misra R., Ecology Work Book, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, (1968) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Marcot B. G. and Saxena A., Tree species diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forests of Garo Hills, Curr. Sci.,91(10), 1370-1381 (2006) @No $ @ @ Haridasan K. and Rao R.R., Forest Flora of Meghalaya,Vols I and II, Bishen Singh Mahendrapal Singh, DehraDun, (1985–1987) @No $ @ @ Kanjilal U. N., Kanjilal P. C., Das A., De R. N. and Bor N. L., Flora of Assam, Vols I-V Omsons Publication, New Delhi,  (1934-1940)17.Jain S. K., Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany, Society of Ethnobotanist,  Lucknow, (1989) @No $ @ @ Magurran A., Ecological Diversity and its Measurement, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, (1988) @No $ @ @ Shukla R. P. and Ramakrishnan P. S., Architecture and growth strategies of tropical trees in relation to successional status, J. Ecol.,74, 33–46 (1986) @No $ @ @ Tripathi O. P. and Khongjee R., Effect of forest fragment size on tree diversity and population structure of humid subtropical forest of Meghalaya, Biodivers. Sci.,18(2), 208–214 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tripathi O. P. and Tripathi R. S., Community composition, structure and management of subtropical vegetation of forests in Meghalaya State, Northeast India, Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manage., 6(3-4), 157-163 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao P., Barik S. K., Pandey H. N. and Tripathi R. S., Community composition and tree population structure in a subtropical broad leaved forest along a disturbance gradient, Vegetatio, 88, 151-162 (1990) @No $ @ @ Shaheen H., Qureshi R. A. and Shinwari Z. K., Structural Diversity, Vegetation Dynamics and Anthropogenic Impact on Lesser Himalayan Subtropical Forests of Bagh District, Kashmir, Pakistan J. Bot.,43(4), 1861-1866 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chittibabu C. V. and Parthasarathy N., Attenuated tree species diversity in human-impacted tropical evergreen forest sites at Kolli hills, Eastern Ghats, India, Biodivers. Conserv., 9, 1493–1519 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cao M., Zhang J.H., Feng Z., Deng J. and Deng X., Tree species composition of a seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, South West China, Trop. Ecol. 37(2), 183–192, (1996) @No $ @ @ Kadavul K. and Parthasarathy N., Structure and composition of woody species in tropical semi-evergreen forest of Kalrayan hills, Eastern Ghats, India, Trop. Ecol., 40(2), 247-260 (1999) @No $ @ @ Davies S. J., Tree mortality and growth in sympatric Macaranga species in Borneo, Ecology, 82, 920-932 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lichstein J. W., Grau H. R. and Roxana A., Recruitment limitation in secondary forests dominated by an exotic tree, J. Veg.Sci.,15, 712-728 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gehlhausen S. M., Schwartz M. W. and Augspurger C. K., Vegetation and microclimatic edge effects in two mixed-mesophytic forest fragments, Plant Ecol., 147, 21–35 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bruna E. M., Effects of forest fragmentation on Heliconia cuminate seedling recruitment in central Amazonia, Oecologia,132, 235-243 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>The Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Birds in a Moderately Developed Urban Habitat of Gulabpura, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Joshi@AshviniKumar,Chhaya@Bhatnagar<#LINE#>82-92<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-229.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Zoology, M.L.V. Government College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, INDIA Aquatic Toxicology and Wildlife Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>26/10/2015<#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>Urbanization is a phenomenon directly related with development. The outcomes of unplanned development appear as deformed and unsustained ecosystems. We studied the bird community composition of various habitats around an urbanized domain from year 2011 to year 2013.The birds of four different habitats namely Open cultivation, Urban, Aquatic and Parks and grassland patches were recorded using line transect and call note methods. Total 129 birds of 48 families have been recorded out of them 44 were migratory and 85 were resident. Urban habitat had least number of birds and open cultivation area had highest number of birds. The maximum numbers of birds were omnivorous guild followed by insectivorous and carnivorous guild.15 bird species among 129 were urban dependent, 24 species were urban semi-dependent and 89 were urban independent. Sorenson’s biodiversity index was calculated to know the community overlapping but no considerable similarity was revealed besides between urban habitat and park and grassland patch habitat.<#LINE#> @ @ Sekercioglu C.H., Increasing awareness of avian ecological functions .TRENDS Ecol. Evol., 21(8), 464-471 (2006) @No $ @ @ Blair R.B., Birds and butterflies along an urban gradient: surrogate taxa for assessing biodiversity?, Ecol. Appl., 9(1), 164-170 (1999) @No $ @ @ Branton, M. and Richardson J.S., Assessing the value of the umbrella species concept for conservation planning with Meta analysis, Conserv. Biol., (25), 9-20 (2011) @No $ @ @ Morrisson M.L., Bird populations as indicators of environmental changes,Curr. Ornithol., (3), 429–451 (1986) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Concept and conservation of biodiversity, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi (1995) @No $ @ @ Sullivan B.K. and Flowers M., Large Iguanid Lizards of urban mountain preserves in northern Phoenix, Arizona, Herpetol. Nat. Hist., (6), 13-22 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mckinney M.L., Urbanization, biodiversity and conservation, Biosci., 52(10), 883-890 (2002) @No $ @ @ Faeth S.H., Warren P.S., Shochat E. and Marussich W.A., Trophic dynamics in urban communities, Biosci., (55), 299-407 (2005) @No $ @ @ Emlen J.T., An urban bird community in Tucson, Arizona: derivation, structure, regulation, Condor, (76),184-197 (1974) @No $ @ @ Mills G.S., Dunning J.B. Jr. and Bates J.M., Effects of urbanization on breeding bird community Structure in southwestern desert habitats, Condor, (91), 416-428 (1989) @No $ @ @ Meyer W.B. and Turner B.L. II, Human population growth and global landuse/cover change, Ann. Review Ecol. Syst., (23), 39–61 (1992) @No $ @ @ Melles S., Glenn S. and Martin K., Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity: Species–environment associations along a multi scale habitat gradient, Conserv. Ecol., 7(1), 5 (2003) @No $ @ @ Manhães M.A. and Ribeiro A.L., Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Bird Community in an Urban Area of Southeast Brazil, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 48(2), 285-294 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kim J., Chae J. and Koo T.H., Variation in bird diversity in relation to habitat size in the urban landscape of Seoul, South Korea. Acta Ornithol., 42(1), 39-44 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bhatt D. and Joshi K.K., Bird assemblages in natural and urbanized habitats along elevational gradient in Nainital district (Western Himalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India, Curr. Zool., 57(3), 318-329 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hong S.H, Choi J.W. and Kim M., Distribution Patterns Of Avian Species In And Around Urban Environments: A Case Study Of Seoul City, Korea, Alam Cipta 6(1), 83-92 (2013) @No $ @ @ Salahudeen M., Saranya E, Gunasekaran C. and Vadivalagan C., Studies on the Abundance and Distribution of Birds in Three Different Habitats of Karur District, South India, J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 1(3), 57-63 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pandotra A. and Sahi D.N., Avifaunal Assemblages in Suburban Habitat of Jammu, J and K, India, Int., Res. J. Environment  Sci., 3(6), 17-24 (2014) @No $ @ @ Rajashekara S. and Venkatesha M.G., Temporal and Spatial avian community composition in urban landscapes of the Bengaluru region, India,  J. Env. Biol.,36), 607-616 (2015) @No $ @ @ Source-http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-rajasthan.php?cityid=0842402000 (2015) @No $ @ @ Mondal R.P., Pati S., Sarkar S., Gayen A., Guin P. and Mishra T., General awareness and Perceptions about Sacred Groves and Biodiversity Conservation in Urban people of Bankura District, West Bengal, India, Int. Res. J. Environment  Sci., 4(2),16-21 (2015) @No $ @ @ Bibby C.J., Burgess N.D. and Hill D.A., Bird Census Techniques (2nd edition). Academic Press, London (2000) @No $ @ @ Grimmett  R., Inskipp  C. and  Inskipp  T., Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd Edition), Oxford  University Press, New Delhi (2011) @No $ @ @ Salim A. and Ripley S.D., Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan, BNHS and Oxford University Press, (2007) @No $ @ @ Balmer D., Species lists in ecology and conservation: Abundances matter, Conserv. Biol., 16(4), 1160-1161 (2002) @No $ @ @ Blair R.B., Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient, Ecol. Appl., 6(2), 506-519 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vaclav R.H. Hoi and Blomquist D., Food supplementation affects extra pair paternity in House Sparrows. Behav. Ecol.,(14), 730-735 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sajeev T.V., Sankaran K.V. and Suresh T.V., Are Alien Invasive Plants a Threat to Forests of Kerala? Forest Health Programme Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute (2012) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Clinical Research Studies on Infection Probabilities of 12 Diseases in the Regions Polluted with Medical Wastes<#LINE#>AbdulrahmanAliAbed@Dally<#LINE#>93-97<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-161.pdf<#LINE#> Osmania University, Department of Environmental Science, University of Anbar, IRAQ <#LINE#>11/7/2015<#LINE#>28/10/2015<#LINE#>Biomedical waste or clinical waste is named a standout amongst the most risky squanders on the planet. The target of waste administration is lessening the sum and risks of waste. Rate of clinical waste era varies in distinctive healing facilities and in diverse times. In this task sickness event because of restorative squanders are observed and examinations. Sicknesses, for example, Gastro enteric contaminations, Respiratory diseases, Ocular diseases, Genital contaminations, Skin contaminations, Anthrax, Meningitis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Deficiency, Hemorrhagic fevers, Septicemia, Bacteremia, Candidemia are chosen. Atomic and immunological measures are done to know the vicinity of these specific illnesses. Factual investigation is done to know the illnesses' recurrence chose. PSD 5 has indicated higher likelihood of malady event in the chose locales which have been accounted for continuous dumping of restorative waste from past 10 to 15 years in the edges of Hyderabad. Aside from PSD 5, PSD 8 and PSD1 has indicated comparative kind of repeat of maladies. Then again PSD2, PSD3, PSD 7, PSD10, have demonstrated almost no repeat in the chose zones. In the other perspective PSD 9 and PSD 11 have demonstrated little repeat in the chose districts which can be considered as a typical and in addition insignificant part of therapeutic squanders in this specific repeat. <#LINE#> @No $ @ @ Manual on hospital waste management, Central pollution Control Board, New Delhi (2000) @No $ @ @ Anita Rajor and Kunal K., Bio-Medical waste incinerator ash: A review with special focus on its characterization, utilization and leachate analysis, International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental science, , 48-58 (2011) @No $ @ @ Henry K.S. Campbell, Collier P. and Williams C.O., Compliance with universal precautions and needle handling and disposal practices among emergency department staff at two community hospitals, Am. J. Infect. Control,22, 129-137 (1994) @No $ @ @ Shalini, Awareness about Biomedical Waste Management about health care Personnel of some Important Medical Centers in Agra, International journal of Environmental Science and Development,3, 251-253 (2010) @No $ @ @ Amer M. El. Hamouz, Medical waste incineration in Nablus city, west bank: A case study, The Arabian Journal of science and Engineering,27, 29-40 (2002) @No $ @ @ H.P. Rao, Report: Hospital waste management- awareness and practices: a study of three states in India, Waste Management and Research,26, 297-303 (2008) @No $ @ @ Babanyara Y.Y., An assessment of medical waste management practice(s) of Ahmadubello university teaching hospital (ABUTH) Zaria, Nigeria (2012) @No $ @ @ Fayez A.Q. Hani and Atallah R., Sites investigation on medical waste management practices in northern Jordan, Waste Management, 28, 450–458 (2008) @No $ @ @ Manyele S.V., Effects of Improper Hospital Waste Management on Occupational Health and Safety, African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, (14), 30-33 (2004) @No $ @ @ Edmund J.J., Characterization and analysis of medical solid waste in Osun State, Nigeria, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,5(12), 1027-1038 (2012) @No $ @ @ Coker and Sridhar M.K.C., Increase in healthcare facilities and rapid environmental degradation: A technological paradox in Nigeria’s urban centers, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(9),577-585 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yitayel S., Tamrat A. and Adane M., Sharps injuries and exposure to blood and bloodstained body fluids involving medical waste handlers, Waste management and Research, 30, 1299-1305 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abahand S.O., Ohimain E.I., Healthcare waste management in Nigeria: A case study, Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology,3(3), 99-110  (2011) @No $ @ @ Ibijoke A., Babajide A. Williams and Rafid A.K., Profile of medical waste management in two healthcare facilities in Lagos, Nigeria, Waste management and research,31,494-501 (2013) @No $ @ @ Silva C.E., Hoppe A.E., Ravanello M.M. and Mello N. , Medical waste management in the south of Brazil, Waste Management,25(6)  600–605 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Revisiting Corporate Stakeholder Environmentalism Theories to Ascertain Influences in Sustainable Real Estate Decision Making in India<#LINE#>PundirManju@Baisoya,Sanjeev@Singh<#LINE#>98-106<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-214.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>30/9/2015<#LINE#>7/10/2015<#LINE#>Sustainable real estate with multitude of rating tools and changing legislation puts the real estate firms under pressure to amalgamate the sustainability initiatives into strategic decision making. Sustainability agenda is reflected as their corporate social responsibility in varying scales due to the different external influencing factors. Property developers are business firms that aspire to maximize profit but they do not operate in isolation and there are a number of influence factors for the decisions made at firm level. This research revisits the theories of corporate stakeholder environmentalism and presents a case of environmental sustainability decision making in real estate sector in India by way of an empirical investigation. The purpose of this paper is to identify stakeholder influences in real estate decision making with a fundamental base of literature review of the evolution of corporate environmental theories. The literature on sustainable real estate decision making is limited and therefore, this research takes help of an empirical inquiry into the subject matter. With the help of a primary question survey taking perception ratings from real estate sector experts, the paper draws out the key external and firm level influences in real estate decision making towards higher environmental sustainability goals in Indian real estate sector. <#LINE#> @ @ Pepper D. 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(eds), Stakeholder Capitalism, Macmillan, London (1997) @No $ @ @ Wheeler David, Information on Pollution Management: The New Model, Report #16635 BR, The World Bank Group, Washington, June (1997) @No $ @ @ Hoffman Andrew J., From Heresy to Dogma: An Institutional History of Corporate Environmentalism, The New Lexington Press, San Francisco (1997) @No $ @ @ Ranganathan J., Sustainability Rulers: Measuring Corporate Environmental and Social Performance, Occasional paper, World Resource Institute (1998) @No $ @ @ PundirManjuBaisoya, Singh Sanjeev, Environmental Sustainability Transition and Stakeholder Influence Factors in Large-Scale Urban Development Projects: A Case of Mega Townships in India, Conference paper, International Congress on Asian planning student’s Association, Taipei (2013) @No $ @ @ Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby, Corporate Environmentalism: The construct and its measurement, Journal of Business Research,55, 177– 191 (2002) @No $ @ @ Porter M.E. and Kramer M.R., Strategy and Society, The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility, [Electronic Version], Harvard Business Review, 1-14 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bansal, P., Business strategy and the environment, in P. 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@Review Paper
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@Case Study
<#LINE#>Open Space Management of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A Case Study on Parks and Playgrounds<#LINE#>M.Islam,@MahmudA.,S.M.D.@Islam<#LINE#>118-126<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-238.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, BANGLADESH 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, BANGLADESH  <#LINE#>8/11/2015<#LINE#>17/11/2015<#LINE#> Open Space is an exigent element for providing better living environment in urban life. It is also helpful for maintaining ecological balance. But the populations of Dhaka city divests of its proper facilities as a result of mismanagement of it. Hence this study aims to assess the management system of the open spaces i. e., parks and playgrounds. This research focuses on the existing open spaces management system, major weakness of the existing management and finally propose a better management approach which will be helpful in future management. The main findings in the management of open spaces were that management system varies according to ownership, spatial location and authority. Different authority manages open spaces but there is a lack of coordination among these authorities. Again proper management were not functional in the existing management system. Due to lack of proper management system, most of the open spaces face safety and security, environmental, design and aesthetic, managerial and institutional, facility and quality of facility related weakness. So, proper implementation of the proposed management approach becomes urgent requirement for maintaining the existing open spaces and also create a new dimension in the existing management system.  <#LINE#> @ @  Chowdhury J.R., Rising population big concern for Dhaka, The Daily Star, Retrieved August 10, (2014) http://www.thedailystar.net/rising-population-big-concern-for-dhaka-33081  @No $ @ @ Nilufar F., Urban life and public open space in Dhaka, Report submitted to Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, (1999) @No $ @ @  Khan M., Study of open spaces in the context of Dhaka city for sustainable use: A syntactic approach, Int. J. of Eng. and Tech., 6, 238-243, (2014) @No $ @ @  Dhaka Structure Plan, DMDP: Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015), Government of the people’s republic of Bangladesh, (1995) @No $ @ @  Tabassum S. and Sharmin F., Accessibility analysis of parks at urban neighbourhood: The case of Dhaka, Asian J. of App. Sci. and Eng., 2, 48-61 (2013) @No $ @ @  Rahman M.Z. and Ahmed S.S., Urban forestry for green city, The Daily Star, from http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=250707 Retrieved 22 September, (2012) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury A., Parks in the urban environment: An analytical study with reference to urban parks of Dhaka (unpublished master’s thesis), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh, (2004) @No $ @ @  Farhan M.H.M., Hossain M.R. and Haque A.M., An Assessment of the Quality of Major Parks in Dhaka (Unpublished Undergraduate thesis), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, (2013) @No $ @ @  Lindgren T., Green space management and residents’ benefits: A study of Swedish Rental Multi-Family Housing Areas (Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp), from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se /2411/1/LindgrenT101119.pdf, retrieved April 20, (2014) @No $ @ @  Sims K.R. and Schuetz J., Environmental regulation and land use change: Working Paper No. 18, Center for International Development at Harvard University, (2007) @No $ @ @  Sutton C.M., Urban open space: A case study of Msunduzi municipality, South Africa, Master’s thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, (2008) @No $ @ @ , from https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/1400/1/Sutton ColleenM200808MES.pdf, retrieved February 20, (2014) @No