@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Changing Trends of Shifting Cultivation in Garo Hills Landscape of Meghalaya-A Geo-Spatial Approach<#LINE#>P.K.@Sarma,E.@AlHuda,B.@Baruah,B.S.@Mipun,B.K.@Talukdar<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-065.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Geography, Mangaldai College, Darrang-784125, Assam, INDIA Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, INDIA Aaranyak, 50, Samanwoy Path, Survey, Beltola, Guwahati-781028, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>12/3/2015<#LINE#>16/6/2015<#LINE#>The North-Eastern part of India is rich in forest resources. But the forest resources are declining rapidly from the last two decades. The shifting cultivation is an important traditional agricultural practisein Garo hills of Meghalaya. Garo people are mainly dependent on forest resources for their livelihood. Due to forest based dependency of livelihood pattern, it has created environmental degradation like soil erosion, loss of forest resources, threatens of flora and fauna in this area. In 1999, the area of abandoned and current category of shifting cultivation was calculated 19.84 sq. km and 64.18 sq. km respectively. On the other hand, it was increased to 48.75 sq. km and 140.73 sq. km in 2009. The abandoned shifting cultivation area was calculated 43.02 sq. km and current 158.76 sq. km in 2013 for Garo hill district of Meghalaya. It is important to note that, more than 70% of shifting cultivation area was concentrated in the moderate and moderately steep slope for all the years of study period. It is proved that the trend of shifting cultivation pattern can easily be assessed through the Geo-spatial tools. <#LINE#> @ @ Krug M., Shifting cultivation and forest resources in Nagaland, N.-E. India, Dr. Agri. dissertation, submitted to the Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, 1-58 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yadav P.K., Kapoor M. and Sarma K., Impact of SlashAnd-Burn Agriculture on Forest Ecosystem in Garo Hills Landscape of Meghalaya, North-East India, J. of Biodi. Manag. and Fores., 1(1), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Arunachalam A., Khan M.L. and Arunachalam K., Balancing traditional jhum cultivation with modern agroforestry in eastern Himalaya-A biodiversity hot-spot, Sci.Correspo., 83(2), 117-118 (2002) @No $ @ @ Karthik T., Veeraswami G.G. and Samal P.K., Forest recovery following shifting cultivation: an overview of existing research, Trop. Cons. Science, 2(4), 74-387 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kant P. and Katwal R.P.S., Exploring Possibilities of Reforestation of Forest Lands Exposed to Encroachment and Shifting Cultivation in the North Eastern India through Clean Development Mechanism, Proc. of the Nat. Works on Tech. Innov. Res. Advan. for Appl. in Joint Forest Management, Dehradun, 153-159 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tawnenga, Shankar U. and Tripathi R.S., Evaluating second year cropping on jhum fallows in Mizoram, north-eastern India: Soil fertility, J. Biosci., 22(5), 615-625 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kushwaha S.P.S. and Ramakrishnan P.S., An Analysis of Some Agro-Ecosystem Types of North-Eastern India, Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad., B53(2), 161-168 (1987)  @No $ @ @ $ @ @ Patel T., Karmakar S., Sanjog J., Kumar S. and Chowdhury A., Socio-Economic and Environmental Changes with Transition from Shifting to Settled Cultivation in North-Eastern India: An Ergonomics Perspective, Int. J. Agri. Sci. and Res., 3(2), 117-135 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rathore S.S., Krose N., Naro M., Shekhawat K. and Bhatt B.P., Weed management through salt application: An indigenious method from shifting cultivation areas, Eastern Himalaya, India, In. J. of Trad Know., 11(2), 354-387 (2012) @No $ @ @ Forest Survey of India (FSI) State of Forest Report, 1999, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Dehradun, India, 7-23 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hazarika M.K., Deforestation in Garo Hills and its impact, the Echo, 1(4), 152-162 (2013) @No $ @ @ 2.Basic Statistics of NER, Government of India, North Eastern Council Secretariat, Shillong, 42 (2002) @No $ @ @ Al Huda M.E., Baruah B., Sarma P.K., Nath K.K. and Mipun B.S., Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in South Garo Hill District of Meghalaya-A Geospatial Approach, Eur. Aca. Res., 2(1), 7576-7589 (2014) @No $ @ @ 4.Yadav P.K., Sarma K. and  Mishra A.K., Geospatial Modeling to Assess Geomorphological Risk For Relentless Shifting Cultivation in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, North East India, Int. J. Envi., 2(1), 91-104 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bochet E. and Garcia-Fayos P., Factors controlling vegetation establishment and water erosion on motorway slopes in Valencia, Spain, Restoration Eco., 12, 166-174 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sarma K., Shifting cultivation: the sole livelihood of the people of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, Ecotone, 2(2),  16-19 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yadav P.K., Sarma K. and Kumar R., A frame work for assessing the impact of urbanization and population pressure on Garo Hills landscape of North-east India, Int. J. of Cons Sci., 4(2), 212-222 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sarma K., Yadav P.K. and Sarmah R.K., Landscape dynamics in relation to slope and elevation in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India using geospatial technology, Glo. J. Hum. Soc. Sci., 13(2), 16-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav P.K., Kapoor M. and Sarma K., Impact of SlashAnd-Burn Agriculture on Forest Ecosystem in Garo Hills Landscape of Meghalaya, North-East India, J. Biod. Mana. and Fores., 1(1), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hilaluddin, Kaul R. and Ghose D., Conservation implications of wild animal biomass extractions in Northeast India, Ani. Biod. Cons., 28(2), 169–179 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sarma K. and Yadav P.K., A framework for indigenous community based climate vulnerability and capacity assessment in the Garo Hills, north-east India, J. Biodi. Manag. Fores., , 3(2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav P.K., Sarma K. and Dookia S., The Review of Biodiversity and Conservation Study in India Using Geospatial Technology, Int. J. Rem. Sen. and GIS, 2(1), 1-10 (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Impact of Environmental Change on the distribution of Floral Biodiversity of Khunjerab Nation Park and Central Karakorum National Park District Hunza-Nagar Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan<#LINE#>Sujjad@Haider,Ali@Shaukat,Akbar@Muahmmad,Farida@Begum,Ghulam@Raza,Nasiba@Ibrahim,Arif@SyedHussain,Nasir@Hussain,Ali@Ehsan<#LINE#>8-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-091.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Environmental Sciences Karakoram International, University Gilgit-Baltistan PAKISTAN Department of Botany Karachi University PAKISTAN Department of Statistic Karakoram International, University PAKISTAN Department of Biological Sciences Karakoram International, University Gilgit-Baltistan PAKISTAN<#LINE#>15/4/2015<#LINE#>14/6/2015<#LINE#>The significance of this study is the presence of two national parks in the study area; the Khunjerab National Park (KNP) which is wholly present in the study area, and the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) which has roughly 40% of its area in the study area. Both the KNP and part of CKNP in the study area are located in the Alpine and Subalpine zones, though KNP has a greater altitude. Floristically both showed striking differences in spite of belonging to similar ecological zones and situated not far away from each other. Although both had Compositae as the largest family, in KNP its number of species (38) was disproportionately higher than all other families. On the other hand, in the CKNP, the distribution of species in the larger families and genera was comparatively more even. Except the first largest, the other large families were different in both the Parks, and both had totally different sets of the largest genera. The overall species richness was greater in CKNP (200 spp.) than the KNP (160 spp); One reason for the floristic difference between both of these parks may be the availability of moisture and environmental conditions. <#LINE#> @ @ Anonymous, Mc Graw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc (2005) @No $ @ @ Ali SI and Nasir YJ., Flora of Pakistan, Nasir YJ, Ali SI. eds., the plant Families of Pakistan in the Department of Botany, University of Karachi and National Herbarium Islamabad, 190-210 (1989-1991)@No $ @ @ Nasir ESI., Flora of Pakistan, Nasir YJ, Ali SI.  eds., the plant Families of Pakistan in the Department of Botany, University of Karachi and National Herbarium Islamabad, 1-190 (1970-1989)@No $ @ @ Behera MD and Kushwaha S.P.S., The charms and chellenges of climate and biodiversity in warming world, Biodiv. Cons., (2012) @No $ @ @ Körner C., Alpine Plant Life, Springer, Berlin (2003) @No $ @ @Qureshi R.A., Khan W.A., Bhatti G.R., Khan B., Iqbal S., Ahmed M.S., Abid M. and Yaqyb A., First report on the biodiversity of Khunjerab National Park, Pak. J. Bot., 43, 849-861 (2011) @No $ @ @ Agakhanjanz Ok and Sigmar W., Origin and Evolution of the Mountain Flora in Middle Asia and Neighbouring Mountain Regions. In Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences, F. Stewart Chapin III and Christian Korner, eds., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 63-80 (1995) @No $ @ @ Behera MD and Kushwaha S.P.S., The charms and chellenges of climate and biodiversity in warming world, Biodiv. Cons., (2012) @No $ @ @ Billings W.D.H.A., Mooney, The ecology of arctic and alpine plants, Bio. Rev., 43, 481-529 (1968) @No $ @ @ Funnell D and Romola P, Mountain Environments and Communities, London and New York: Routledge (2001) @No $ @ @ Jenik J., The Diversity of Mountain Life, In Mountains of the World: A Global Priority, Jack Ives, Bruno Messerli, and Ernst Spiess, eds., 199-236 (1997) @No $ @ @ Korner C., Alpine Plant Diversity: A Global Survey and Functional Interpretations, In Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences, F. Stewart Chapin III and Christian Korner, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 45-62 (1995) @No $ @ @ KKörner Ch., Mountain vegetation under environmental change, In: Jandl R, Borsdorf A., Van, Miegroet, H., Lackner, R., Psenner, R., (eds) Alpine Space, Man and Environment, 7: Global change and sustainable development in mountain regions, Innsbruck University Press, Innsbruck, 25-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Price Larry W., Mountains and Man: A Study of Process and Environment, Berkeley: University of California Press (1981) @No $ @ @ Hyder S., Khatoon S., Ali S., Akbar M., Ibrahim N. and Ali E., The baseline inventory of the plant biodiversity of central karakorum national park gilgit-baltistan (District Hunza Nagar) Pakistan, J. Bio. Env. Sci., ), 413-419 (2014) @No $ @ @ Thorsell J., Protection of Nature in Mountain Regions. In Mountains of the World: A Global Priority. Jack D. Ives, Bruno Messerli, and Ernst Spiess, eds. New York: The Parthenon Publishing Group, 237-248 (1997) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effect of Exposure of Male Albino Rats to Kerosene, Diesel and Petrol on Kidney Function<#LINE#>O.@UhegbuFriday,Imo@Chinedu,IfeanachoNkeiruka@Glory<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-188.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, NIGERIA Department of Animal Production and Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>20/8/2015<#LINE#>23/9/2015<#LINE#>The effect of exposure of male albino rats to inhalation of Kerosene, Diesel, Petrol and a mixture of kerosene, diesel and petrol on kidney function was examined in this research. Creatinine, serum urea and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) increased in all groups exposed to the petroleum products compared with the control. Creatinine and serum urea increased significantly (p0.05) in all groups exposed to the petroleum products. Creatinine increased highest in the rats exposed to kerosene (from 0.73 ± 0.11 to 1.50 ± 0.19 mg/dl), while serum urea increased highest in the group exposed to petrol (from 27.20 ± 2.05 to 52.80 ± 3.49 mg/dl). Sodium increased significantly (p0.05) only in the group exposed to kerosene (from 124.80 ± 11.88 to 165.20 ± 14.17 mEq/L), but increased non-significantly (p0.05) in all other groups exposed to the petroleum products compared with the control. Potassium increased significantly (p0.05) in all the groups exposed to the petroleum products. Potassium increased highest in the rats exposed to petrol (from 3.70 ± 0.03 to 6.15 ± 0.34 mEq/L). Chloride increased significantly (p0.05) in the rats exposed to kerosene and petrol, but increased non-significantly in the rats exposed to diesel and mixture of kerosene, diesel and petrol. Chloride increased highest in the rats exposed to kerosene (from 36.63 ± 3.68 to 44.13 ± 1.66 mEq/L). Histological analysis of kidney section from rat in group one (control) show essentially normal histoarchitecture of the kidney tissue, but exposure of the animals to inhalation of kerosene, diesel and petrol show necrosis, distorted glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule of the kidney tissue when compared with the control. The results of this study show that exposure of the male albino rats to inhalation of kerosene, diesel and petrol can cause alterations in kidney function parameters and distortion in normal histoarchitecture of the kidney tissue. This means that exposure to inhalation of kerosene, diesel and petrol can cause kidney damage. <#LINE#> @ @ Edwards C.W., Toxicology of oil field waste hazards to livestock associated with the petroleum industry, Vet Clin North Am., , 363-374 (1989) @No $ @ @ Kato M., Rocha M. L., Carvallio A. B., Chaves M. B., Rana M. C. and Oliviera P. C., Occupation exposure to neurotoxicant; preliminary survey in five industries of camacari petrochemical complex, Brazil Environ. Res., 61, 133-139 (1993) @No $ @ @ Anderson D., Yu T. W. and Schmeizer P., An investigation of the DNAdamaging ability of benzene and its metabolites in human lymphocytes using the comet Assay, Environ. Mol. Mutation, 26, 305-314 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hu Z. and Wells P G., Modulation of benzo (a) pyrene bioactivation by glucuronidation in lymphocytes and hepatic microsomes from rats with a hereditary deficiency in bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 127, 306-313 (1994) @No $ @ @ Nygren J., Cedewal B., Erickson S., Dusinska M. and Kolman A., Induction of DNA strand breaks by ethylene oxide in human diploid fibroblasts, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 24, 161-167 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ovuru S.S. and Ekweozor I.K.E., Haematological changes associated with crude oil ingestion in experimental rabbits, Afr. J. Biotechnol., , 346-348 (2004) @No $ @ @ Orisakwe E., Njan A.A., Afonne O.J, Akumka D.D., Orish V.N. and Udemezue O. O., Investigation into the nephrotoxicity of Nigerian bonny light crude oil in albino rats, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, , 106-110 (2004) @No $ @ @ Uboh F.E., Akpanabiatu M.I., Ndem J.I., Alozie Y. and Ebong P.E., Comparative nephrotoxic effect associated with exposure to diesel and gasoline vapours in rats, J. Toxicol Environ Health Sci., , 68-74 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bowers L.D. and Wong E.T., Kinetic serum creatinine assays II: A critical evaluation and review, Clin.Chem., 26(5), 555-561 (1980) @No $ @ @ Tietz N.W., Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 3rd Edition, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 676 (1987) @No $ @ @ Tietz N.W., Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 874-897 (1976) @No $ @ @ Okpala J.C., Sani I., Abdullahi R., Ifedilichukwu H.N. and Igwe J.C., Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some biochemical parameters in CCl4- induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats, Afr. J. Biochem. Res., 8(2), 52-64 (2014) @No $ @ @ Chinedu Imo and Friday O. Uhegbu, Renal Protective Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in Acetaminopheninduced Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats, American Chem. Sci. J.,8(3), 1-10 (2015) @No $ @ @ Shaikh I.A. and Gautam R.K., Effect of Organophosphate Pesticide, Nuvan on Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.), Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(10), 1-6, (2014) @No $ @ @ Zaware S.G., Environmental Impact Assessment on Soil Pollution Issue about Human Health, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(11), 78-81 (2014) @No $ @ @ Crook M.A., The kidneys. In: Clinical chemistry and metabolic medicine, 7th Edition, Bookpower, Britain, 36-57 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nurminen M.L., Krpela R. and Vapattalo H., Dietary factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension, Ann. Med.,30(2), 1433-1450 (1998) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Physiological and biochemical responses induced by Nickel to Arachis hypogea L.<#LINE#>Arzoo@Atia,Bihari@SatapathyKunja<#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-152.pdf<#LINE#> Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, VaniVihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>30/6/2015<#LINE#>5/10/2015<#LINE#>An experiment was conducted in groundnut [Arachis hypogea L.] to find out the effect of nickel on germination, growth and biochemical parameters. The seeds of groundnut were germinated in six different concentrations of Nickel chloride solution having 0-100 mg/l of nickel. It was observed that seedling vigour index, metal tolerance indices were reduced and the percentage of phytotoxicity was increased. The pot culture experiment revealed that, the growth parameters and the percentage of moisture content of in plant were decreased with increase in concentration of nickel and in contradiction, seedlings showed better result in terms of growth in 40ppm of nickel at 10th, 20thand 30thdays thereby indicating that Nickel within 40mg/kg had stimulating effect on the seedling growth. Similarly the total chlorophyll content, total soluble protein content were decreased but free proline content was increased with increase in concentration of nickel at 10th , 20th ,30th and 100th days after treatment.  So, it could be concluded that Nickel at lower concentration had an inducing effect on plant growth and inhibited the same at higher concentrations. <#LINE#> @ @ Chand S., Pandey A. and Patra D.D., Influence of nickel and lead applied in combination with vermicompost on growth and accumulation of heavy metals by MenthaarvensisLinn cv Kosi, Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., 3, 256-261 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sadon F.N., Ibrahem A.S. and Ismail K.N., An overview of rice husk applications and modification techniques in wastewater treatment, J. Purity Utility Reaction Environ., 1, 308-334 (2012) @No $ @ @ Duffus John, H., Heavy metals ameaningless term?, (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 793-807  (2002) @No  http//dx.doi.org/ 10.1351/ pac 200274040793 @No $ @ @ Brown P.H, Welch R.M. and Carry E., Nickel is a micronutrient essential for higher plants, Plant Physiology,85, 801-803 (1987) @No $ @ @ IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), IARC Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans 49, Lyans, France IARC 318-411 P (1990) @No $ @ @ Turner R.C. and Marshal C., Accumulation of zinc by sub cellular fraction of root Agrostis tenuis Sibth in relation to zinc tolerance, New Phytologist,71, 671-676 (1972) @No $ @ @ http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1972.tb01277, (2015) @No $ @ @ Abdul Baki A.A. and Anderson J.D., Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria, Crop Science, 3, 630-633 (1973) http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x  @No $ @ @ Arnon D.I., Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris, Plant Physiologist, 24, 1-15 (1949)http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1 @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosenbrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with Folin-Phenol reagent, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Bates L.S., Waldren R.P. and Teare I.D., Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil, 39, 205-208(1973)http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060  @No $ @ @ Cuiyan Chen, Dejun Huang and Jianquan Liu, Function and Toxicity of Nickel in Plants, Recent advance and future prospects, 37(4-5), 304-313 (2009) @No $ @ @ Singh B.K., Walker A. and Wright D.J., Bioremedial potential of fenamiphos and chlorpyriferous degrading isolates, Influence of different environment conditions, Soil Biol. Biochem, 38, 2682-2693 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hall J.L., Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance, Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 1-11 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kalita M.C., Devi P. and Bhattacharya I., Effect of cadmium on seed germination, early seedling growth and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 36(3), 189-190 (1993) @No $ @ @ Corradi M.G., Blanchi A. and Albasini A., Chromium toxicity in Salvia sclarea, Effects of hexavalent chromium on seed germination and seedling development, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 33(3), 405-413 (1993) @No $ @ @ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(93)90043-F, (2011) @No $ @ @ Burhan S.S. and Tahira A., Effect of zinc and cobalt on germination and seedling growth of Pennisetum americanum (L.) Schumann and Parkinsonia aculeata L, Pakistan Journal of Biological Science,4(5), 575-580 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dodge J.D. and Lawes G.B., Plastic ultra-structure in some parasitic and semi-parasitic plants, Cytobiologie,9,1-9 (1974) @No $ @ @ Choudhury S. and Panda S.K., Role of salicylic acid in regulating cadmium induced oxidative stress in Oryza Sativa L. roots, Bulg. J. Plant Physiol,30(3-4), 95-110 (2004) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous solution using Mangrove fern Acrostichum aureum L. leaf Biomass as a Sorbent<#LINE#>SoniyaM.@Lobo,Krishnakumar@Gulimane<#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-162.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>17/7/2015<#LINE#>16/9/2015<#LINE#>Investigation was carried out to analyze the biosorption behavior of the Mangrove fern (Acrostichum aureum L.) leaf biomass, for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous solution. The uptake for Cu (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) were 46.86 ± 0.54, 47.21± 0.65 and 47.81± 0.43 mg g-1 respectivelywhen 500 mg L-1 of the metal solution was used. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherms were studied and data obtained from equilibrium experiment are found well fitting with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model with correlation coefficient of 0.99.  Kinetic studies indicated that biosorption of heavy metal by the mangrove fern followed well the pseudo second order. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups in the biomass and their role in metal ion adsorption process was confirmed by FTIR studies. By this study plentifully accessible a new biosorbent for the exclusion of heavy metals from the polluted water was identified. <#LINE#> @ @ Anthony G. K., Balwant S. and Naveen P. B., Heavy metal tolerance in common fern species, Austral. J. Bot., 55, 63–73 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee J. and Chatterjee C., Phytoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in Cauliflower, Environ. Pollut.,109, 69–74 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cuypers A., Vangronsveld J. and Clijsters H., Peroxidases in roots and primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris Copper and Zinc Phytotoxicity: A comparisonJ. Plant Physiol., 159, 869–876 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rengaraj S., Kim Y., Joo C.K., and Yi J., Removal of copper from aqueous solution by aminated and protonated mesoporous aluminas: Kinetics and equilibrium, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci.,273, 14–21 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chong K.H. and Volesky B., Description of two-metal biosorption equilibria by Langmuir-type models, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 47, 1–10 (1995) @No $ @ @ Elouear Z., Bouzid J., and Boujelben N., Removal of nickel and cadmium from aqueous solutions by sewage sludge ash: Study in single and binary systems, Environ. Technol.30, 561–570 ( 2009) @No $ @ @ Davis T.A., Volesky B. and R.H.S.F. Vieira, Sargassum seaweed as biosorbent for heavy metals, Water Res.34 (17), 4270 – 4278 (2000) @No $ @ @ Arshad M., Zafar M. N., Younis S. and Nadeema R., The use of neem biomass for the biosorption of zinc from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. 157, 534–540 (2008) @No $ @ @ Qaiser S., Saleemi A.R. and Umar M., Biosorption of lead from aqueous solution by Ficus religiosa leaves: Batch and column study, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 998–1005 (2009) @No $ @ @ Al-Masri M.S., Amin Y., Al-Akel B. and T. Al-Naama,Biosorption of Cadmium, Lead, and Uranium by Powder of Poplar Leaves and Branches, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 160(4),  976–87 (2009) @No $ @ @ Babarinde N. A. A., Oyesiku O.O., Babalola J.O. and Olatunji J.O., Isothermal and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of zinc (II) ions by Calymperes erosum I., Journal of Applied Sciences Research,, 716–721 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mahvi A.H., Gholami F. and Nazmara S., Cadmium biosorption from wastewater by ulmus leaves and their ash, Eur. J. Scient. Res. 23, 197–203 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sarada B., Krishna P.M., Kishore K.K. and Murthy Ch,V.R., Potential use of leaf biomass, Araucaria heterophylla for removal of Pb+2, Int. J. Phytorem., 15(8), 756–773 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S. and Wang C.C., Pseudo-isotherms for the sorption of cadmium ion onto tree fern, Process Biochem, 39, 761–765 (2004) @No $ @ @ Leticia C., Vasilism A., Pablo L., Jos´e L.B., Roberto H., and Manuel E.S.V., A dynamic proof of mercury elimination from solution through a combined sorption–reduction process.  Bioresour. Technol.,101, 8969– 8974 (2010) @No $ @ @ Asiagwu A. K.,  Owamah I. H. and Otutu J.O., Kinetic Model for the Sorption of Cu (ii) and Zn (ii) Using Lady Fern (Athyrium - Filix – Femina) Leaf Waste Biomass from Aqueous Solution, Chemical and Process Engineering Research, 3, 1–13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Das S., Usefulness of Pteridophytes in India with Special reference to Medicine and Conservation, J. Econ. Taxon.Bot.,27, 7–16 (2003) @No $ @ @ Langmuir, The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38(11), 2221–2295 (1916) @No $ @ @ Freundlich H., U¨ ber die adsorption in lo¨sungen, Zeitschrift fu¨r Physikalische Chemie, 57, 385– 470, (1926) @No $ @ @ Lagergren S., Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption gelo¨ster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens  Handlingar. Band., 24(4), 1-39 (1898) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S., Wase D.A., and C.F. Forster, Batch nickel removal from aqueous solution by sphagnum moss peat, Water Res.,  29(5), 1327–1332 (1995) @No $ @ @ Weber W.J. and Morris J.C., Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Proceed. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 89, 31–59 (1963) @No $ @ @ Uma M.K.N., Ashok V.B., Namdeo J.P., Balu P.K., and Smita S.Z., Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Leaf Powder of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifer), Water Air Soil Pollut.,215,177–188 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gaballah, Goy D., Allain E., Kilbertus G. and Thauront J., Recovery of copper through decontamination of synthetic solutions using modified barks, Metall. Mater. Trans.,28, 3– 23 (1997) @No $ @ @ Diwan S., Biosorption of Copper (II) from aqueous solution by non-living Spirogyra sp., J. Environ. Res. Develop., 1(3), 227–231 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhou D., Zhang L. and Guo S., Mechanisms of lead biosorption on cellulose/chitin beads, Water Res., 39,3755–3762 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lata H., Garg V.K. and Gupta R.K., Sequestration of nickel from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from Parthenium hysterophorus L., J. Hazard. Mater.,157, 503–509 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dulcy E.C., Gunasekaran S.G. and Dharmendirakumar M., Preparation and Characterization of Chemically Modified Silk Cotton Hull Activated Carbon and Its Effects on Cd(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions, Biorem. J.,18 (2), 8192(2014) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Diversity of Water birds in Koothapar Periyakulam Wetland in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>R@Teneson.,C@Ravichandran<#LINE#>32-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-175.pdf<#LINE#> Department of EnvironmentalSciences, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>7/8/2015<#LINE#>15/9/2015<#LINE#>The present study was undertaken to study the diversity of waterbirds in Koothapar Periyakulam wetland during August 2013 to July 2014.Fourty three species of waterbirds were observed in the wetland which belongs to 7 orders and 14 families. Five thousand six hundred and seventy one individual numbers of waterbirds and 33 species were recorded during December 2013. Water birds belong to the order: Peliconiformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriform, Gruiformes and of the families: Ardeidae, Anatidae, Rallidae, Scolopacidae, Threskiornithidae were recorded with high number of species in the wetland. “Threatened” and “near threatened” species were also recorded. This study reveals that Koothapar Periyakulam wetland acts as a refuge site for many waterbirds including wader, waterfowl and many migratory and threatened species. Hence, it is recommended that protection of the wetland from the human disturbance is of urgent need. <#LINE#> @ @ Grimmett R. and Inskipp T., Birds of Sourthern India. Om Books International, New Delhi, India, (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Sati J.P., Tak P.C. and Alfred J.R.B., Handbook on Indian Wetland Birds and their Conservations, Zoological Survey of India, 472, (2005) @No $ @ @ Dhakate P.M., Tejaswini A. Patil and Rajiv Bhartari., Wetland Birds of Corbett Tiger Reserve Landscape, Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). Proceedings of Taal: The 12th World Lake Conference, 1974-1982 (2008) @No $ @ @ Halse S.A., Pearson G.B. and Patrick S., Vegetation of depth-gauged wetland in nature reserves of south- west Western Australia, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Technical ReportNo 30,(1993) @No $ @ @ Jayanta Mistry and Saradha Mukherjee., Status and threats of waterbirds in Ahiran lake, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India, 5(2),(2015) @No $ @ @ Weller M.W., Wetland bird habitat resources and conservation implications. Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, 316 (1999) @No $ @ @ Stewart R.E., Technical Aspects of Wetlands: Wetlands as Bird Habitat. National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, United States Geological Survey, 86 (2001) @No $ @ @ Manikannan R., Asokan S., Mohamed Samsoor Ali A., Abundance and Factors Affecting Population Characteristics of Waders (Charadriiformes) in Great Vedaranyam Swamp of Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east Coast of India, International Journal of Ecosystem, 2(1), 6-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Prasad S.N., Sengupta T., Alok Kumar., Vijayan V.S., Lalita Vijayan., Ramachandra T., Ahalya N. and Tiwari A.K., Wetland of India, http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/ energy/water/paper/ wetlands/impacts.html, (2015) @No $ @ @ Zhijun Ma., Yinting Cai., Bo Li. and Jiakuan Chen., Managing wetland habitats for waterbirds: An international perspective, Wetlands, 30, 15-27 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ramachandra T.V., Soil and Groundwater Pollution from Agricultural Activities, Commonwealth of learning, Canada and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Printed by Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi (Reprinted in 2009 by TERI Press, New Delhi) @No $ @ @ , (2006) @No $ @ @ Prasad S.N., Jaggi A.K., Kaushik P., Vijayan L., Muralidharan S. and Vijayan V.S., Inland wetlands of India, Conservation Atlas. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History. Coimbatore, India, 222 (2004) @No $ @ @ Nazeema M. and Nirmala T., Wetland birds species composition in Tannery tank, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India, International  Research Journal of Environment Sciences,4(5), 34-41 (2015) @No $ @ @ ENVIS Newsletter., On the state of environment supported by MoEF, Govt. of India, 7(4), (2000) @No $ @ @ Ali S., The book of Indian birds, 13th revised edition, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, (2002) @No $ @ @ Neelakantan K.K. and Pakshikal K., (Birds of Kerala) Kerala Sahithya Academy, Trichur, (In Malayalam),523 (1996) @No $ @ @ Grimmet R. Inskipp C. and Inskipp T., Pocket guide to the birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 384, (2000) @No $ @ @ Grewal B., Harvey B. and Pfister O., A Photographic Guide to Birds of India and the Indian Subcontinent, Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd. Singapore, 513, (2002) @No $ @ @ Colwell M.A. and Taft O.W., Water bird communities in managed wetlands of varying water depth. Waterbirds society, 23(1), 45-55 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gokula V. and Anantha raj P., Diversity of waterbirds in relation to months in vaduvoor lake, Tamilnadu, India. Online Journal of Biosciences and Informatics, 5(3),(2013) @No $ @ @ Balachandran S., Avian Diversity in Coastal Wetlands of India and their Conservation Needs. International day for biological diversity, Marine biodiversity, Uttar Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, (2012) @No $ @ @ Malik and Joshi N., Habitat Selection Pattern of Migratory Avifauna in Realtion to Nutrients in Asan Wetland at Doon Valley (Garhwal Himalaya), India, (2013) @No $ @ @ Fredrickson L.H. and Taylor T.S., Management of secondary of seasonally flooded impoundments for wildlife. Missouri University- Columbia School of Forestry Fisheries And Wildlife,(1982) @No $ @ @ Browne D. M. and Humburg D. D., Confronting the Challenges of Climate Change for waterfowl and wetlands, Ducks Unlimited, Inc. Memphis, TN, 901, 758–3825 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mohan D. and Gaur A., Avian diversity around Jajiwal pond-A natural wetland, In Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, 542, 546 (2008) @No $ @ @ Narayanan S.P., Thomas A.P. and Sreekumar B., Ornithofauna and its conservation in the Kuttanad wetlands, southern portion of Vemabanad, Kole Ramsar site, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(4), 1663-1676 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effects of Industrial Agglomeration on Land-Use Patterns and Surface Water Quality in Konabari, BSCIC area at Gazipur, Bangladesh<#LINE#>S.A.@Fazal,M.A.H.@Bhuiyan,M.A.I.@Chowdhury,M.M.Kabir@Mahbub<#LINE#>42-49<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-181.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>15/8/2015<#LINE#>21/9/2015<#LINE#>Readymade garments sector of Bangladesh is playing a vital role in country’s economic growth for last decade but not without an intangible cost of deteriorating the environment, biological resources and self-sufficiency in agricultural sector. Industrial activity causes one of the major environmental pollution problems in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of industrial agglomeration on local land-use patterns and surface water quality of Turag River and its peripheral wetlands adjacent to Konabari, BSCIC area at Gazipur district, Bangladesh. To determine the land-use patterns, image processing and digitization were carried out using the Arc GIS 10 software. The Google images were obtained from open source ‘‘Google Earth’’ software. Statistical analysis was carried out in order to process and analyze the data. The water quality parameters (pH, DO, TDS and COD) were measured by using digital calibrated instruments and the BOD value was measured by standard 5 day BOD test method as described by APHA. The accretion of industrial development was found approximately four times in the year of 2010 compared with the year of 2004. The order of increasing patterns of land-use was industries &#65533; brick fields. The decreasing patterns of land-use were water bodies &#65533;Turag River &#65533; croplands &#65533; vegetation cover during the period of 2004 to 2010. Among different land-use types, the highest percentage of grabbed area by industries was croplands (49.44%; 356 acres) and the lowest percentage of grabbed area was water body (0.14%; 1 acres). The industrial agglomeration also grabbed 103 acres (14.31%) vegetation cover of the study area. The order of completely diminished land-use patterns of the area was, water body (44.29%) &#65533; croplands (31.90%) &#65533; vegetation (13.80%) &#65533;Turag river (11.10%). The values of pH, DO, BOD, COD, and TDS ranged from of 6.25 to 9.65, 0.55 to 2.98 mg/L, 65-142 mg/L, 192-445 mg/L and 1155-2085 mg/L respectively. Except pH, all the water quality parameters exceeded the prescribed limits set by local authority which indicates that the water of Turag River and its peripheral wetlands has been polluted severely and it should not be used in any purpose regarding human and animal life without proper treatment. <#LINE#> @ @ Sultana Z., Ali M.E., Uddin M.S. and Haque M.M., Implementation of Effluent Treatment Plants for Waste Water Treatment, Journal of Environmental Protection,, 301-308, (2013) @No $ @ @ EPB (Export Promotion Bureau), Ministry of Commerce. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (2006) @No $ @ @ Wikipedia (2015)Bangladeshi RMG Sector [Online], Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Bangladeshi_RMG_Sector (Accessed on 01 July2015), (2015) @No $ @ @ BGMEA (Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association) Member’s Directory, Annual Report, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 4-7(2008) @No $ @ @ Sultana Z., Ali M.E., Uddin M.S. and Haque M.M., Study on implementation of effluent treatment plants for safe environment from textile waste, Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology,2(1), 9-6 (2013) @No $ @ @ Islam M.S., Chowdhury M.A.H., Billah M.M.S., Tusher T.R. and Sultana N., Investigation of effluent quality discharged from the textile industry of Purbani group, Gazipur, Bangladesh and its management, Bangladesh, Journal of Environmental Science,23, 123-130 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sultana M.S., Kulsum U., Shakila A. and Islam M.S., Toxic Metal Contamination on the River near Industrial Area of Dhaka, Universal Journal of Environmental research and Technology,2(2), 56-64 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chindah A.C., Braide A.S. and Sibeudu O.C., Distribution of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in sediment and a crustacean (shrimps-Penaeus notialis) from the bonny/new Calabar river estuary, Niger Delta, African Journal of Environmental assessment and management, , 1-14 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yahaya M.I., Mohammad S. and Abdullahi B.K., Seasonal variations of heavy Metals concentration in Abattoir dumping site soil in Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences for Environmental Management,13 (4), 9-13 (2009) @No $ @ @ APHA (American Public Health Association), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, Washinhton, D.C. (1998) @No $ @ @ ISW-BDS-ECR, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Inland Surface Water in Bangladesh, Gazette notification, 27, (1997) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Evaluation of trace metal concentrations in Water, Sediment, Edible crab and Prawn from Fishing harbor of Tuticorin<#LINE#>Ramesh@V.,S.@Pandiammal,P.@Senthilkumaar<#LINE#>50-53<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-198.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>5/9/2015<#LINE#>1/10/2015<#LINE#>A study was conducted to determine the level of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn in seawater, sea sediment, edible crab (Portunus sanguinolentus) and edible prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) collected from Tuticorin fish landing center (Thirespuram), south India during premonsoon and monsoon 2014. These metal concentrations were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in order to assess the influence of trace metals in prawn/ crab with nexus on seawater and sediment samples. In prawn, the accumulated mean metal concentrations such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ne Pb and Zn were 0.25, 0.12, 0.48, 2.91, 0.52, 0.16 and 0.82 mg l-1 (premonsoon) while in the monsoon season, mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ne Pb and Zn concentrations were 0.34, 0.11, 0.60, 3.25, 0.14, 0.11 and 1.15 mg kg-1 respectively. In this study, the level of all metal concentrations was high in monsoon season than premonsoon season, except Cr, Ni and Pb. In the crab at premonsoon, the mean metal concentrations such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ne Pb and Zn were 0.28, 0.20, 0.51, 3.45, 0.12, 0.22, and 1.52 mg l-1while in the monsoon season, mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ne Pb and Zn concentrations were 0.31, 0.21, 0.56, 4.12, 0.15, 0.14 and 1.35 mg kg-1 respectively. The metal accumulation in the living things were higher (2-10 folds) than the water samples. The higher trace metal was present in the sediment samples than the other groups and its decreased orders were: Sediment &#65533; Crab &#65533; Prawn &#65533; Water. Based on the results, metal concentrations in the edible crabs and prawns were not in the permissible levels for human consumption. The values of heavy metals in coastal waters were more than TNPCB prescribed level.  <#LINE#> @ @ Rainbow P.S. and White S.L., Comparative strategies of heavy metal accumulation by crustaceans: Zinc, copper and cadmium in a decapod, an amphipod and a barnacle, Hydrobiologia,174, 245-262 (1989) @No $ @ @ Branes H. and Blackstock J., Estimation of lipids in marine animals and tissues. Detailed investigation of the sulphosvanillin method for total lipids, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol,12, 103-118 (1973) @No $ @ @ WHO, Lead Environmental Health Criteria, Geneva (1995) @No $ @ @ Chailapakul O, Korsrisakul S, Siangproh W and Grudpan K, Fast and simultaneous detection of heavy metals using a simple and reliable microchip-electrochemistry route: An alternative approach to food analysis, Talanta, 74,83–689 (2008) @No $ @ @ doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.06.034.@No $ @ @ Al-Mohanna SY and Subrahmanyam MNV, Flux of heavy metal accumulation in various organs of the intertidal marine blue crab, Portunus pelagicus (L.) from the Kuwait coast after the Gulf War, Environ Int, 27(4), 321–326 (2001) doi:10.1016/ S0160-4120(01)00063-0. @No $ @ @ Raissy M, Ansari M and Rahimi E, Mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in lobster (Panulirus homarus) from the Persian Gulf, Toxicol Ind Health, 27(7), 655–659 (2011) doi:10.1177/0748233710395346. @No $ @ @ Floch J., Lees M. and Stanley G.H.S., A simple method of the isolation and purification of total lipiods from animal tissues, Jour. Biol. Chem,226, 497-509 (1957) @No $ @ @ Caroll Kemph A., Adrienne J.M. and Kits Van Heiningen., A colorimetric method for the determination of glycogen in the tissues, The Biochem. Jour., 56, 640-648 (1956) @No $ @ @ Gomall A.C., Bardawill C.J. and David M.M., Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction, J. Biol. Chem.,177, 751–766 (1949) @No $ @ @ Xu J.B., Yuan X.F. and Lang P.Z., Determination of catalase activity and catalase inhibition by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Chinese Environ. Chem.,16, 73–76 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hissin P.J.and Hilf R., A fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues, Anal. Biochem,74, 214–226 (1976) @No $ @ @ Vignesh S., Human impacts on coastal environment in southeast coast of India. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli (2012) @No $ @ @ TNPCB, Standards for industrial waste disposals and emissions, Rev, 2, 1–10 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vignesh S, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Kumarasamy P, Rajendran A and Arthur James R, Microbial effects on geochemical parameters in a tropical perennial river basin, Environmental Processes,2, 125-144 (2015) @No $ @ @ Vignesh S, Muthukumar K, Santhosh Gokul M and Arthur James R., Microbial pollution indicators in Cauvery river, southern India. Springer: On a sustainable future of the earth’s natural resources, 363–376 (2013) @No $ @ @ Vignesh S, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Muthukumar K, Santhosh Gokul M, Emmanuel KV and Arthur James R, Physicochemical parameters aid microbial community? A case study from marine recreational beaches, southern India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(3), 1875–1887 (2014) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effect of change in pH on Rate of Respiration and Survival of the Fiddler Crab, Uca (Celuca) Lactea Annulipes (milne- edwards, 1837) in different Seasons, Thane Creek, Navi Mumbai, India<#LINE#>Mangale@VilasY.,G.@KulkarniBalasaheb<#LINE#>54-57<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-201.pdf<#LINE#>Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel, MS, INDIA The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>12/9/2015<#LINE#>24/10/2015<#LINE#>The present study was undertaken to study the effect change in the pH of the medium on survival of fiddler crab Uca (Celuca) lacteal annulipes from Thane creek, Navi Mumbai. Marked fluctuation in pH under different seasons occurs in study are due to various reasons such as industrial effluent runoff and sewage disposals etc. Fiddler crabs are exposed to significant fluctuation in pH change because their habitat is intertidal zone of costal and estuarine marine water. To overcome this stress effect their rate of respiration increases in exited state and tolerance levels decreased in extreme pH change. The wider pH tolerance present in these animals might be useful for combating the adverse condition arising due to sudden release of effluent of higher pH in their environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Jaiswar A.K., Intertidal biodiversity with reference to molluscs in and around Mumbai, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Mumbai,(1999) @No $ @ @ Devi V.U., Heavy metal toxicity to fiddler crabs, Uca annulipes and Uca triangularis. Tolerance to copper, mercury, cadmium, and zinc, Bull. Environ. Contamination and Toxicol,39(6), 1020-1027 (1987) @No $ @ @ Azmatunnisa Q., Biological studies in Indian Pulmonate snail Lymnaea sp., Ph. D. Thesis, Marathwada University, (1974) @No $ @ @ Yeragi S.G., A study of ecology of some Bombay Mollusc, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Bombay, (1979) @No $ @ @ Hiwale V.V., Studies on some aspects of Biology of marine intertidal gastropods, Ph. D. Thesis. Marathwada University, (1986) @No $ @ @ Thakur M.K., Kulkarni B.G. and Jaiswar A.K., Ecophysiological response of Nerita oryzarum (Reclez) gastropod to variation in temperature, pH and salinity, J. Ind. Fish. Ass., 29, 49-54, (2002) @No $ @ @ Findley A.M., Belisle B.W. and Stickle W.B., Effect of salinity fluctuations on respiration rate of oyster drill Thais haemastoma and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, Mar. Biol., 49, 59-67 (1978) @No $ @ @ Kinne O., The effect of temperature and salinity on marine and brakish water animals, Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev.,, 281-339 (1964) @No $ @ @ Kinne O., Temperature: Invertebrates, Mar. Ecol., , 407-514 (1970) @No $ @ @ Kinne O., Salinity, invertebrates, Mar. Ecol., 1(2) 821-995 (1971) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Screening and Isolation of Polyethylene degrading Bacteria from various sources<#LINE#>S.@Botre,P.@Jadhav,L.@Saraf,K@Rau.,A.@Wagle<#LINE#>58-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-203.pdf<#LINE#>* Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-19, Maharashtra, INDIA Guru Nanak Institute of Research and Development, Mumbai, INDIA<#LINE#>15/9/2015<#LINE#>28/10/2015<#LINE#>Plastics are the most commonly used polymers for routine applications. The accumulation of plastics is a threat to environment as it causes pollution, creating an imbalance in the ecosystem, thus proving to be hazardous. The ways to degrade plastic have not been successful. At the same time natural degradation of plastics is too time consuming. The most eco-friendly approach to resolve this ever growing and persistent issue is the microbial degradation route. The main objective of the present study is to isolate and screen for bacteria having the capability to degrade low density polyethylene (LDPE) which is a major cause of environmental pollution. The bacteria were isolated from various sources after serial dilution on M9 medium incorporated with LDPE. The selected isolates were comparatively screened by an Agar cup method to find strong LDPE degraders. These isolates were further tested for the extent of degradation using a film degradation assay. Total 20 cultures were obtained during the primary screening as probable LDPE degraders. In the agar cup method, 7 high LDPE degraders were selected. The percentage degradation was found out using the film degradation assay and the two most promising isolates were obtained from sewage and marine sources. These isolates were identified using biochemical methods as belonging to the Genus Staphylococcus. <#LINE#> @ @ Raaman N et al, Biodegradation of plastic by Aspergillus spp. isolated from polythene polluted sites around Chennai, J. Acad. Indus. Res., 1(6), 313-316 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ambika devi K. et al, Isolation of polythene degrading bacteria from marine waters of Viskhapatnam, India, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 3(10) 269-283 (2014) @No $ @ @ Uttiya dey et al, An approach to polymer degradation through microbes, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy,2(3), 385-38 (2012) @No $ @ @ Katarzyna Leja et al, Polymer Biodegradation and Biodegradable Polymers, Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 19(2), 255-266 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma Prabhat et al, Studies on isolation and identification of active microorganisms during degradation of polythene/starch film, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, (2013) @No $ @ @ Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual 1st ed. Maniatis, 68 (1982) @No $ @ @ Bergey D.H.1. and Breed R.S., Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, 1, (7th ed) Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Co, (1957) @No $ @ @ Albertson AC et al, the mechanism of biodegradation of polyethylene, polymer degradation and stability, 18, 73-87 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sreedevi S., Solid Waste Generation and its Management: A Case Study, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 4(1), 90-93 (2015@No $ @ @ Hadad D, Geresh S and Sivan A, Biodegradation of polyethylene by the thermophilic bacterium Brevibacillusborstelensis, J. Appl. Microbiol, 98, 1093-1100 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chaudhari Y., Bhavana P. and Fulekar M.H., PHA: Production Application and its Bioremediation in Environment, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(2), 46-52 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kimi Jain, Isolation of microorganisms carrying biodegradation of plastic, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, (2011) @No $ @ @ KL Hoffmann, J Renickova, K Kozakova, PRuzicka, D Alexy Bakos and L. Precnerova, Polym. Degrad. Stab, 76, 511-519, (2003) @No $ @ @ Kamble Asmita, Tanwar Shubhamsingh and Shanbhag Tejashree, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 4(3), 77-85 (2015) @No $ @ @ Hamilton J.D., Reinert K.H., Hogan J.V. and Lord W.V., Polymers as solid waste in municipal landfills, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 43, 247-251 (1995) @No $ @ @ Singh M.K. and Singh Reeta Devi, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(3), 6-10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Albertsson AC and Karlsson S, The influence of biotic and abiotic environments on the degradation of polyethylene, Prog. Polym. Sci., 15, 177-192 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pooja Thakur, Screening of Plastic degrading bacteria from dumped soil area, Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology, http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3141/1/pooja_thesis_1.pdf (2015) @No $ @ @ Bonhomme S et al, Environmental Biodegradation of polyethylene, Polym Degrad Stab, 81, 854-860 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sonil Nanda et al, Biodegradability of polyethylene by Brevibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcusspp, New York Science Journal, (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Influence of Environmental Parameters on the Aquatic Entomofauna Assemblages of Singanullur Lake, Coimbatore, India<#LINE#>Susheela@P,R.@Radha<#LINE#>62-67<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-209.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, P.S.G.R Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>25/9/2015<#LINE#>3/10/2015<#LINE#>The aquatic insects are an important component of biodiversity and are very important indicators of water quality parameters. The distribution and composition of insect communities are considered to be determined by the environmental factors and interactive relationship within the ecosystem. The present investigation was to determine the effects of environmental factors on the aquatic insect assembly in Singanullur Lake, Coimbatore .Three different sampling stations were selected and were examined for the water quality and aquatic insect assemblages. A total of aquatic insects were collected from the lake with the highest number of aquatic insects from the order Hemiptera. The water analysis results revealed that Station I- had the best water quality when compared to the other sites. Thus environmental variables were found to influence the aquatic insect distribution in the lake.<#LINE#> @ @ Allan J.D, Stream Ecology, Structure and Function of Running Waters. Chapman and Hall, London, 388 (1995) @No $ @ @ Anbalagan SB, Kaleeswaran and Balasubramanian C., Diversity and Trophic categorization of aquatic insects of Courtallam hills of Western Ghats, Entomon., 29, 1-6 (2004) @No $ @ @ Anbalagan S. and Dinakaran S., Seasonal variation of diversity and habitat preferences of  aquatic insects along the longitudinal gradient of the Gadana river basin, South-West Ghats, (India), Acta Zoologica Bulgarica,58, 253-264 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha, Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand district,Gujarat, India., I Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1),28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dinakaran, S. and S. Anbalagan: Anthropogenic impacts on aquatic insects in six streams of south Western Ghats, J. Insect Science, 7, 1-7 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hacioglu Nurcihan and Basaran Dulger, Monthly variation of some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in Biga Stream, (Biga, Canakkale, Turkey), African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9), 1929-1937 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kara Yasim, Investigation of some physical and chemical parameters of water in lakes Isykli in Denizli, Turkey, International journal of agriculture and biology, 275-277 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mir T.A., Manderia S. and Manderia K., Influence of dye industrial effluent on physico chemical characteristics  properties of soil at Bhairavgarh, Ujjain, MP, India, I Res. J Environment Sci.,1(1), 50-53 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mumtazuddin S., Azad A.K., Bharti Prabhat and Ranjan Rakesh, Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of the Budhi Gandak belt in Muzaffarpur district, India, I Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nirmala B, Suresh Kumar B.V, Suchetan P.A. and Shet Prakash, Seasonal Variations of Physico Chemical  Characteristics of Ground Water Samples of Mysore City, Karanataka, India, I Res. J. Environment Sci, 1(4), 43-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patra A.P., Seasonal variation in physicochemical  parameters of chilka lake, World journal of fish and marine science,2(2), 109-11 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajiv P, Hasna Abdul Salam, Kamaraj M, Rajeshwari Sivaraj and Sankar A, Physico Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Different River Waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India, Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma U.P. and Rai D.N., Seasonal Variations and species diversity of coleopteran insects in a fish pond of Bhagalpur, J. Freshwater Biol., 3, 241-246 (1991) @No $ @ @ Shivayogimath C.B., Kalburgi P.B., Deshannavar U.B and Virupakshalah D.B.M., Water quality evaluation of river Ghataprabha, India, I Res. J Environment Sci.,1(1),12-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sivaramakrishnan K.G., Venkataraman K., Moorthy R.K., Subramanian K.A. and Utkarsh G., Aquatic insect diversity and ubiquity of the streams of the Western Ghats, India. J. Indian Inst. Sci.,80, 537-552 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sivaramakrishnan K.G., Venkataraman K., Sridhar S. and Marimuthu M., Spatial patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate distributions along river Kaveri and its tributaries (India), Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 21, 141-161 (1995) @No $ @ @ Subramanian K.A. and Sivaramakrishnan K.G., Habitat and microhabitat distribution of stream insect communities of the Western Ghats, Curr. Sci., 89, 976-987 (2005) @No $ @ @ Thirumalai, G.: In: Aquatic and semi-aquatic heteroptera of India, Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists, Hyderabad, 7, 74 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tyokumbur, E.T., E.T. Okorie and O.A. Ugwumba,
2002.Limnological assessment of the effects of effluents
on macroinvertebrate fauna in Awba stream and
Reservoir, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Zoologist, 1(2):59-62.  @No $@No $ @ @ Yakub, A.S., 2004. Assessment of water Quality and
Plankton of Effluent receiving lower Awba stream and
Reservoir, Ibadan. Afr. J. Appl. Zool. Environ.Biol., 6:
107-110.  @No $
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Tidal Flood and Rain Water Logging Around the Hugli Estuary and Its Impact on Khejuri-Hijili Sector of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>PradhanMihir@Kumar,PaulAshis@Kumar,Chatterjee@Soumendu,Kanti@BarmanNilay<#LINE#>68-74<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-206.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geography and Environment Management, Vidyasgar University, Midnapore, INDIA Department of Geography, Presidency University, Kolkata, INDIA Department of Geography, Hijli College, Kharagpur, INDIA<#LINE#>18/9/2015<#LINE#>15/10/2015<#LINE#>Khejuri police station is located at the lower Bengal Basin near the Hugli river mouth under Midnapore (east). It is considered as a littoral tract region having monsoon climatic character. Naturally this area is known for its agricultural potential. Rice, Betel leaves, Lemons and various types of vegetables like potato, Brinzal, Chilli, Sugarcane stick etc. are the main crops produced which are sent to local and national markets which is important in the context of national trade. The present paper seeks to analyze the problems of land degradation due to recurring water logging that has been instrumental in losing the earlier glory of the area as an agriculturally potential tract.    <#LINE#> @ @ Chakroborty A., History of Bengal, Buardwan University, (1991) @No $ @ @ Das N.N., History of Midnapore, (1760-1942)., (1956) @No $ @ @ Huntter W.W., The Annals of Rural Bengal, W.B.D.Z, 30-53 (1868) @No $ @ @ Karan M.N., Khejuri Bandar, K.E.S.P, Khejuri, Midnapore (2002) @No $ @ @ Huntter W.W., A Statistical Account of Bengal W.B.D.Z, 66-89, 220-247 (1876) @No $ @ @ Mukharjee R.K., The Changing face of Bengal, A Study in Riverine Economy, C.U. Cal., 98-117, (2008) @No $ @ @ Paul A.K., Coastal Geomorphology and Environment, ACB Pub, Cal, 355-380 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pradhan P., Hijilinama Contai HOA Contai, (2003) @No $ @ @ Pradhan M.K., Chatterjee S. and Paul A.K., Decline of a historical port in the  changing face of Hugli mouth estuary, Abstract vol. XX I.G.I. Benaras Hindu University, 113 (2008a) @No $ @ @ Disaster Management Plan of Purba Medinipur, 90-124 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pradhan M.K., Chatterjee S. and Paul A.K., Methods of the identification of shore line changes of the historical port, A study at Khejuri of Hugli downstream section near Bay of Bengal, Abstract volume. XXI- I.G.I., Tripura University, 82 (2008b) @No $ @ @ Stevenson-Moore Committee Report-Reverse of Bengal, , W.B.D.G (1999) @No $ @ @ Willson C.R., The Early Annals of English in Bengal, Asiatic Society Cal. (1996) @No $ @ @ O, Malley, L.S.S., Bengal District Gazetteer, Reprint1995, Govt. of W.B., 91-109,124-131 (1995) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A Differential Study on Microbial and Molecular Effects in Plant Grown in the Vicinity of Petroleum Contaminated Soils<#LINE#>Samman@SufyanHushamAl<#LINE#>75-82<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-159.pdf<#LINE#> Master of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, INDIA Department of Environmental Science, University of Mosul, IRAQ <#LINE#>17/7/2015<#LINE#>29/8/2015<#LINE#>The proposed paper is an exploration of microbial and sub-atomic impacts of petroleum contaminants on wheat plants developed in petroleum defiled soils. With fast improvement of industry, vehicles, and planes, the interest for petroleum is progressively extended. Then again, a lot of petroleum was impregnated to soil amid the investigation, translocation, and handling, and it brought about critical ecological contamination. Commonplace medications for petroleum-defiled soil include in uncovering the dirt and evacuating it for treatment utilizing physical or substance routines. The most widely recognized and essential indications saw in the plants debased with oil and its results, corruption of chlorophyll, adjustments in the stomatal instrument, lessening in photosynthesis and breath, increment in the generation of anxiety related , gathering of poisonous substances or their side effects in vegetal tissue, diminish in size and less creation of biomass. Soils which are presented to petroleum pollution has been concentrated altogether keeping in mind the end goal to figure out their influence on different parameters of plant development, for example, seed germination, leaf region, biomass, chlorophyll substance and stature of the plant. relative study is performed in this undertaking taking characteristic soils and in addition vermicompost to figure out the accurate results vermicompost soil has indicated more elevated amounts of the considerable number of parameters while petroleum soil readings are low than ordinary soil readings. <#LINE#> @ @ Dixit R. Khurana, S. Jaskarn and S. Gurusahib, Comparative performance of different paddy transplanters developed in India – a review, Agric. Rev.,28(4), 262-269, (2007) @No $ @ @ K.M. Amin and M.A. Haque, Seedling age influence rice (oryza sativa) performance,  Philippines J. Sci.,138(2), 219-226, (2009) @No $ @ @ Aceves MB, Grace C and Ansorena J, et al.. Soil microbial biomass and organic C in a gradient of zinc concentration in soils around a mine spoil tip, Soil Biology and Biochemisty, 31(6), 867-876 (1999) @No $ @ @ Aeliona CM, Davisa HT and Mc Dermottb S., Metal concentrations in rural topsoil in South Carolina: potential for human health impact, Science of the Total Environment, 402, 149-156 (2008) @No $ @ @ Arao Arao T., Ishikawa S. and Murakam I.M., et al., Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and counter measures in Japan, Paddy and Water Environment,8(3), 247-257 (2010) @No $ @ @ C. Parida and H. Das, Development and performance of an experimental automatic paddy transplanter, J. Agril. Engg., 14(2), 74-76, (1977) @No $ @ @ Behera K. and Varshney B.P., Studies on optimization of puddled soil characteristics for self-propelled rice transplanter, AMA., 34(3), 12-16, (2003) @No $ @ @ Baath E, Frostegard A and Diaz-Ravina M, et al. Effect of metal-rich sludge amendments on the soil microbial community. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64,238-245 (1998) @No $ @ @ Babula P and Adam V, et al. Uncommon heavy metals, metalloids and their plant toxicity: A review, Environmental Chemical Letter,6, 189-213 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bauman B., Soils contaminated by motor fuels: research activities and perspective of the American petroleum institute. In: Petroleum Contaminated Soils. Vol. 1. (Kostecki, P. T. and Calabrese, E. J., Eds.) Chelsea, MI, Lewis Publishers, 3–19 (1984) @No $ @ @ Bauman B., Research needs: motor fuel contaminated soils. In: Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils. Vol. 1. (Kostecki, P. T. and Calabrese, E. J., Eds.) Chelsea, MI, Lewis Publishers, 41–56 (1991) @No $ @ @ Bidleman T.F. et al. Vapor-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds: estimates from field collections, Environ. Sci. Technol,10, 1038 (1986) @No $ @ @ Block R.N., Allworth N. and Bishop M., Assessment of diesel contamination in soil. In: Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils. Vol. 1. (Kostecki, P. T. and Calabrese, E. J., Eds.) Chelsea, MI, Lewis Publishers, 135–148 (1991) @No $ @ @ Boyd R.S., Heavy metal pollutants and chemical ecology: Exploring new frontiers, Journal of Chemical Ecology,36,46-58 (2010) @No $ @ @ M. Donald and A. Humblin, In search of yield, J. Australian Inst, Agric. Sci.,28, 171-178, (1962) @No $ @ @ P. Singh and I.K. Garg, Field evaluation of a japanese paddy transplanter, J. Agric. Engg., 13(1), 15-18, (1976) @No $ @ @ CEPA (Chinese Environmental Protection Administration). Elemental Background Values of Soils in China. Environmental Science Press of China, Beijing, China, (1990) @No $ @ @ CEPA (Chinese Environmental Protection Administration). Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995). Environmental Science Press of China, Beijing, China, (1995) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Arsenic Pollution Scenario in Eastern UP, India: A Review<#LINE#>,Namrata@Pandey,Alok@Lehri,Sonali@Mehrotra,J.B.@Srivastava<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-172.pdf<#LINE#>Central Instrumental Facility (CIF), National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, UP, INDIA Civil Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), UPTU, Lucknow, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>5/8/2015<#LINE#>23/9/2015<#LINE#>In recent decades, arsenic pollution is being reported from the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh State after than West Bengal and Bangladesh. There has been wide spread of arsenic contaminated soil in India, of which the eastern district of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is least focused. Very recently it is reported that the 20 districts of UP are severely in toxic zone of arsenic contamination (above 0.05mg/L), where arsenic presence has been found to be more than five times of permissible limit. The districts (Ballia, Ghazipur and Varanasi) of Uttar-Pradesh were found to contain arsenic concentration exceeds from 10 g -1 which is a WHO recommended provisional guideline value of arsenic in drinking water. Humans, plants and animals from these villages are exposed to the grave danger of Arsenic poisoning as this problem is largely unrecognized and unaware. Therefore, there is an urgent need for detailed study and mitigation endeavor from arsenic pollution. This paper intends to give an overview of the arsenic contamination in eastern U.P. and the research work carried till date. <#LINE#> @ @ Srivastava S. and Sharma Y.K., Arsenic occurrence and accumulation in soil and water of eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh, India,Environ Monit Assess, 185, 4995(2013) @No $ @ @ Chakraborti D., Sengupta M.K., Rahman M.M., Ahamed S., Chowdhury U.K., Hossain M.A. et al., Groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects in the Ganga–Meghna–Brahmaputra Plain., J Environ Monit, (2004) @No $ @ @ Tripathi K., Kumar P. and Singla A., Toxic Effects of Arsenic in Industrial Areas of Kanpur Nagar (U.P.) India., International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology 3 (2014) @No $ @ @ Chakraborti D., Ghorai S.K., Das B., Pal A., Nayak B. and Shah B.A., Arsenic exposure through groundwater to the rural and urban population in the Allahabad-Kanpur track in the upper Ganga plain, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, (2009) @No $ @ @ Yasunori Y., Kenichi I., Akihiko K., Koichiro S., Shigeki T., Mitsuhiro S. and Hiroshi Y., Arsenic Polluted Groundwater and Its Countermeasures in the Middle Basin of the Ganges, Uttar Pradesh State India, Journal of Environmental Protection, 3, 856-862 (2012) @No $ @ @ A Report on Arsenicosis in District Ballia, Uttar Pradesh., Water and Sanitation Support Organization, U.P. State Water and Sanitation Mission., (2011) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia N., Mohan D., Pandey S.K. and Singh G.P., Fate of Arsenic in Belhari Block: Arsenic Affected Endemic Area of Belahri District, India, Research Journal of Forensic Sciences 3(2) (2015) @No $ @ @ Mehrotra A. MishraA., TripathiM.R. and Shukla N., Mapping of arsenic contamination severity in Bahraich district of Ghagra basin, Uttar Pradesh, India, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, (2014) @No $ @ @ Report of the Central Team on Arsenic mitigation in rural drinking water sources in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh State, ministry of drinking water and sanitation government of India, (2011) @No $ @ @ Ali I., Rahman A., Khan T.A., Alam S.D. and Joheb Khan., Recent Trends of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater of Ballia District, Uttar Pradesh, India, 25(4), 853-861 (2012) @No $ @ @ Katiyar S. and Singh D., Prevalence of arsenic exposure in population of ballia district from drinking water and its correlation with blood arsenic level, Journal of Env.bio., (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh R., Gond D.P. and Pal A., Assessment of ground water quality of ghazipur district, eastern uttar pradesh, India, special reference to arsenic contamination, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 2(3), 38–41, ISSN: 2076-5061 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shah B.A., Arsenic contaminated groundwater in Holocene sediments form parts of middle Ganga plain, Uttar Pradesh, India, Curr. Sci., 98(10), 1359-1365 (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Toxicity Tests to Check Water Quality<#LINE#>Gunjan@Dagar,Gargi@Bagchi<#LINE#>87-90<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEVS-2015-208.pdf<#LINE#> Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>23/9/2015<#LINE#>4/10/2015<#LINE#>Water is essential for all biological life. The health and well-being of humans and other organisms of ecosystem depend heavily on the quality of water. Quality of water refers to the physiochemical, and biological characteristics of water. Quality of water often deteriorates due to the presence of hazardous substances such as industrial chemicals, consumer products and pharmaceuticals. The quality of water and the presence of hazardous contaminants can be assessed by toxicity testing. In recent years toxicity testing has grown steadily, as a useful tool in environmental risk assessment. The most commonly used toxicity tests include direct toxicity assessment, water quality index, in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays. Biological tools like Bioassays, Biomarkers, and Biosensors provide us with a detection system for signaling a potential damage in the environment. Although these toxicity tests provide important information about contaminants concentration and consequent toxicity, yet the specific biological functions altered are often not apparent. New test systems need to be developed that provide information about not only the overall toxicity induced but also the specific biological pathway that are disrupted due to the contaminants.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sonika S. and Chhipa RC, Interpretation of ground water quality parameter for selected area of jaipur using regression and correlation, Journal scientific and industrial research, 72, 781-783 (2013) @No $ @ @ Baroni L, Cenci L, Tettamanti M and Berati M., Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems., European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(2),279–286 (2007) @No $ @ @ Olaniran N.S., Environment and health: an introduction on olaniran N.S.et.al, (ED) Environmental and health, Micmillan Nig.Pub.Co for NCF, 34-151 (1995) @No $ @ @ Escher B.I, Van D, Dutt C, Tang M, J.Y.M and Altenburg R, Most oxidative stress response in water samples comes from unknown chemical: the need for effect based quality trigger value,   Environmental Science and Technology,47(13), 7002-7011 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wasi S, Tabrez and Ahmed M., Toxicology effects of major environmental pollutants: An overview: Environmental monitoring and Assessment, 185(3),2585-2593 (2013) @No $ @ @ Schwarzenbach RP, Escher B.I., Fenner K, Hostetter T.B., Johnson C.A., Von Gunten U and wehrli B., The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic system, Science, 313(5790) @No $ @ @ 1072-1077 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sushismita Das and Abhik Gupta., Acute toxicity studies on Indian flying barb, Esomus Dancricus (Hamilton-buchanan), in relation to exposure of heavy metals, cadmium and copper, Journal  Environmental Research and Development,4(3) (2010) @No $ @ @ Klaassen CD and Watkins J.B, Casarett and Doull’s essentials of Toxicology, McGraw-Hill, 1 (2003) @No $ @ @ Van Leeuwen C.J. and Vermeire T.G, Risk Assessment of Chemicals, 2nd ed. Springer, (2007) @No $ @ @ Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez M F, Olea n and Serrano F O., The E-Screen assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants, Environmental Health Perspect,103, 113-122 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jobling S, Reynolds T, White R, Parker MG and Sumpter JP, A variety of environmentally persistant chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are waekly estrogenic, Environmental Health Persistant, 103, 582-587 (1995) @No $ @ @ Brian A, Patricia N, Kristine G, Rosamaria K, John H and Bryn P., Overview of Freshwater and Marine Toxicity Test, (2004) @No $ @ @ Xiaowei Z, Steve W and John G., Toxicology of Water, (2012) @No $ @ @ Marinella F. and Damia B., Biosensors for Aquatic Toxicology Evaluation, Hdb Env Chem, , 115-160 (2008) @No $ @ @ Malik GM, Raval H, Viral and Ahmad Khalil HK, Toxic effects of effulant on mortality and behaviour changes on fresh water fish poecilia reticulate, Journal ofenvironmental research and development, 7(2a) (2012) @No $ @ @ Rand GM., Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, Taylor and Francis, Bristol, PA.,  Edition (1995) @No $ @ @ Hart WB, Doudoroff P and Greenbank J, The evaluation of the toxicity of industrial wastes, chemicals and other substances to fresh-water fishes, Atlantic Refining Co. Philadelphia, (1994) @No $ @ @ Dean L, Peter S and Luke S, Direct toxicity assessment of mixtures in effluents:- current UK experience, WCa Environment Ltd, http://www.wca-environment.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/wca_SETAC2011_DTA-effluents_WE310_May-2011_A0.pdf, (2015) @No $ @ @ Jop KM, Kendall TZ, Askew AM and Foster RB, Use of fractionation procedures and extensive chemicals analysis for toxicity idendentification of a chemical plant effluent, Environ Toxicol Chem, 10, 981-990 (1991) @No $ @ @ Randall M., Laboratory Guidance and Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Review Criteria, Department of ecology state of Washington, (2008) @No $ @ @ American public health association, Standard method foe examination of water and waste water, Washington DC, 17, (1989) @No $ @ @ Divya KS and Mahadeva M., Study of water quality assessment using ater quality index (WQI) in few water samples of Karnataka and Kerala states, Department of Microbiology, 4(3), 267-270 (2013) @No $ @ @ Marinella F., CSIC Spain, Ecotoxicity in waste waters and natural waters, Ankara University, Turkey, 8-11 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dellarco V, Henry T, Sayre P, Seed J and Bradbury S., meeting the common needs of more effective and efficient testing and assessment paradigm for chemical risk management, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. Critical reviews, 13(2-4),347-360 (2010) @No $ @ @ Farre M and Barcelo D., Toxicity testing of waste water and sewage sludge by biosensors, Bioassays and Chemical Analysis, TRAC- Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(5), 299-310 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cornelia K, Robert K, Inge W.,  In-Vitro and In-Vivo Bioassays for the Performance Review in the Project, Strategy Micropoll, (2011) @No $ @ @ Chowdhary RM, Muntasir SY and Hossain MM, water Quality Index of water bodies along Faridpur-Barisal Road in Bangladesh Global Eng. Technol, 2, 1-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to fresh fresh-water organisms, United States Environmental Protection Agency, October 4th Edt. (2002) @No $ @ @ Christopher JN, Whole effluent toxicity basics, NJDEP, Office of Quality Assurance, (2013) @No $ @ @ RA Van Dam and Chapman JC, Direct Toxicity Assesssment (DTA) for water quality Guidlines in Australia and New Zealand, Australian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 7,175-198 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jeffrey M., Improving water and sediment quality assessment using adaptive stress response assays and implementing more efficient methodologies, Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, (2013) @No $ @ @  @No $