@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Use of Fe2+ and H2O2 for Treatment of Colored Effluent of Jaipur in Presence of UV Light<#LINE#>Ajendra@Kumar<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-138.pdf<#LINE#> Gaya College of Engineering, Gaya, INDIA<#LINE#>1/7/2014<#LINE#>17/8/2014<#LINE#>Jaipur is one of the potential clusters of handmade paper and textile dyeing .During dyeing process a large amounts of dyestuffs are being used, due to which a substantial amount of color is found in the wastewater emitting from these units. The effluent of these units makes serious environmental problems, so a study was undertaken with an aim to explore techno-feasible method for decolorizing effluent emanating from these textile units.  In the scope of this paper, studies have been carried out on decolorization efficiency of Fe 2+ and H (Photo Fenton Process) in presence of UV light on Direct Red dye which is being used in handmade paper and textile units for dyeing purposes. The studies were carried by varying reaction time, initial dye concentration, dosage of ferrous sulphate and dosage of hydrogen peroxide. <#LINE#> @ @ Zhao W., Wu Z. and Wang D.,  Ozone direct oxidation kinetics of Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution, J Hazard Mater, B137, 1859–1865 (2006) @No $ @ @ Song S., He Z., Qiu J., Xu L. and Chen J., Ozone assisted electrocoagulation for decolorization of C.I. Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution: An investigation of the effect of operational parameters, Separation and Purification Technology, 55, 238–245(2007) @No $ @ @ Pachhade K., Sandhya S. and Swaminathan K., Ozonation of reactive dye, Procion red MX-5B catalyzed by metal ions,  J Hazard Mater 167(1-3)313-318 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dong Y., He K., Zhao B., Yin Y., Yin L., Zhang A., Catalytic ozonation of azo dye active brilliant red X-3B in water with natural mineral brucite, Catalysis Communications,  , 1599–1603 (2007) @No $ @ @ Santos A.B.D., Cervantes F.J., Lier J.B.V., Review paper on current technologies for decolorization of textile wastewaters: Perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology, Biores. Tech., 98,  2369–2385 (2007) @No $ @ @ US Environmental Protection agency, www.epa.gov (2014) @No $ @ @ Momani F.A., Sans C., Esplugas S., A comparative study of the advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol, J Hazard MaterB107, 123–129 (2004) @No $ @ @ Peternel I.T., Koprivanac N., Comparative study of UV/TiO, UV/ZnO and photo-Fenton processes for the organic reactive dye degradation in aqueous solution, J Hazard Mater148, 477–484 (2007) @No $ @ @ Perez M., Torrades F., Domenech X., Peral J., Removal of organic contaminants in paper pulp treatment effluents under Fenton and photo-Fenton conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,36,  63–74 (2002) @No $ @ @ Catalkay E.C., Kargi F., Color, TOC and AOX removals from pulp mill effluent by advanced oxidation processes: A comparative study, J Hazard Mater, B139, 244–253 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rajkumar D., Palanivelu K., Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater, J Hazard Mater, B 113, 123–129 (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Cuddalore, Bay of Bengal, Southeast Coast of India<#LINE#>Symphonia@Tabita,Nathan D.@Senthil<#LINE#>5-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-142.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, INDIA <#LINE#>3rd/7/2014<#LINE#>2nd/8/2014<#LINE#>Benthic foraminifera from both surface and core sediments collected along two transects in the offshore region of Cuddalore were studied in parallel to environmental variables and sediment characteristics. Altogether 95 species belonging to 47 genera and 6 orders were identified. Analysis revealed that species richness is high in the inner shelf while abundance increases seaward. Amphistegina, Quinqueloculina, Operculina and Elphidium are dominant in areas of coarser sediments and strong current activity. The outer shelf assemblage is characterised by muddy sediments rich in Uvigerina, Bulimina and Bolivina. Living specimens were rare though few numbers were found in the near shore region. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and dissolved nitrogen content of the sample locations exhibited minimal changes except salinity. Strong currents, slight variations in the physicochemical parameters, mixing of cytoplasm during the development stages of tests would have resulted in test abnormalities. Four kinds of textures were identified: Sand, slightly sandy mud, slightly muddy sand, muddy sand. Statistical analysis showed that taxonomic richness never exceeded 13 per sample and they are more or less evenly distributed in all the stations. <#LINE#> @ @ Murray J.W., Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 426 (2006) @No $ @ @ Armynot du Châtelet E.A., Debenay J.P. and Soulard R., Foraminiferal proxies for pollution monitoring in moderately polluted harbors, Environ. Pollut., 127, 27–40 (2004) @No $ @ @ Alve E., Benthic foraminiferal responses to estuarine pollution: A review, J. Foram. Res., 25(3), 190-203 (1995) @No $ @ @ Geslin E., Debenay J.P., Duleba W. and Bonetti C., Morphological abnormalities of foraminiferal tests in Brazilian environments: comparison between polluted and non-polluted areas, Mar. Micropaleontol., 45, 151–168 (2002) @No $ @ @ Meriç E., Görmü&#351; M., Av&#351;ar N., Yoke&#351; B.M. and Dinçer F., Twin, triplet and quadruplet teratogens in benthic foraminifera from Antalya, Micropaleontology, 54(3-4), 293-306 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ramasamy V., Suresh G., Meenakshisundaram V. and Ponnusamy V., Horizontal and vertical characterization of radionuclides and minerals in river sediments, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 69, 184 – 195 (2011) @No $ @ @ Prasanna M.V., Chidambaram S., Shahul Hameed A. and Srinivasamoorthy K., Hydrogeochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality in the Gadilam river basin, Tamil Nadu, India, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 120(1), 85–98 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hemapriya R., Sankar K. and Imran A.D., Geologic and geomorphologic investigation of Gadilam River Basin (India). J. Environ. Res. Dev., 4(3), 750- 757 (2010) @No $ @ @ Murthy K.S.R., Subrahmanyam A.S., Murty G.P.S., Sarma K.V.L.N.S., Subrahmanyam V., Mohana Rao K. Suneetha Rani P., Anuradha A., Adilakshmi B. and Sri Devi T., Factors guiding tsunami surge at the Nagapattinam–Cuddalore shelf, Tamil Nadu, east coast of India, Curr. Sci. India., 90(11), 1535- 1538 (2006) @No $ @ @ Varadachari V.V.R., Nair R.R. and Murthy P.S.N., Submarine canyons off the Coromandel Coast, Bull. Natl. Inst. Sci. India., 38, 457–462 (1968) @No $ @ @ Lutze G.F., Altenbach A., Technik und Signifikanz der Lebendfarbung benthischer Foraminiferen mit Bengalrot, Geologisches Jahrbuch A, 128, 251–265 (1991) @No $ @ @ Schönfeld J., Alve E., Geslin E., Jorissen F., Korsun S., Spezzaferri S. and Members of the FOBIMO group, The FOBIMO (FOraminiferal BIo-MOnitoring) initiative - Towards a standardised protocol for soft-bottom benthic foraminiferal monitoring studies, Mar. Micropaleontol., 94-95, 1-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Walton W.R., Techniques for recognition of living foraminifera: Contrib. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., 3, 56-60 (1952) @No $ @ @ Folk R.L., The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature, J. Geol., 62, 344-359 (1954) @No $ @ @ Reineck H.E. and Siefert W., Faktoren der Schlickbildung im Sahlenburger Watt und Neuwerker Watt, Die KuK ste, 35, 26-51 (1980) @No $ @ @ Pejrup M., The triangular diagram used for classification of estuarine sediments: a new approach. In: de Boer, P.L., van Gelder, A., Nio, S.D. (Eds.), Tide-Influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies, Reidel, Dordrecht, 289-300 (1988) @No $ @ @ Fleming B.W., A revised textural classification of gravelfree muddy sediments on the basis of ternary diagrams, Cont. Shelf Res., 20, 1125-1137 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. PE., 4 (1), 1-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shannon C.E., A mathematical theory of communication, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379–423 (1948) @No $ @ @ Hayek L.C. and Buzas M.A., Surveying Natural Populations: Columbia University Press, New York, 563 (1997) @No $ @ @ Fisher R.A., Corbet A.S. and Williams C.B., The relationship between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population, J. Anim. Ecol., 12, 42–58 (1943) @No $ @ @ Murray J.W., Distribution and ecology of living benthic foraminiferids, Heinemann Educational Books, London 274 (1973) @No $ @ @ Viveganandan S., Lakshumanan C., Sundararajan M., Eswaramoorthi S., Natesan U., Depositional environment of sediments along the Cuddalore coast of Tamilnadu, India, Indian J.Geomarine. Sci., 42(3), 375- 382 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chauhan O.S., Sedimentological parameters of beach sediments on the east coast of India, J. Coastal. Res., 6, 573-585 (1990) @No $ @ @ Murray J.W., Ecology and applications of benthic foraminifera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 319 (1963) @No $ @ @ Le Calvez J., Ordre des Foraminiferes, In: Grasse, P.P., Ed., Traité de Zoologie, Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie, Paris: Masson, 1 (2), 149-265 (1953) @No
<#LINE#>Physical Impact Assessment (Air and Noise Component) of Waste Water Treatment Plant for Mehmood Booti/Salamat Pura, Shadbagh and North Site, Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>Beenish@Saulat,Amina@Abrar<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-144.pdf<#LINE#> Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>1/7/2014<#LINE#>1/8/2014<#LINE#>Environmentally sound development is possible only if potential environmental impacts are known before the project is initiated. The present study is focused on Air quality impact assessment for North Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). Baseline study was conducted and data on topography, hydrogeology, soil, climate and meteorology, wind velocities and direction etc. was collected through secondary sources like published literature, metrological department and geology department. Ambient air quality assessment was done to find out the existing air conditions of the area where the project is proposed.  Selected parameters for ambient air quality assessments were oxides of carbon (CO), nitrogen (NO), sulphur (SO) and particulate matter. Collection of environmental data on physical parameters and field survey was based on site visits. Future impacts of the project on air environment were predicted and evaluated using matrix methodology. The exponential population growth and urbanization is responsible for the increasing pollution load in the River Ravi. Waste water from industrial and municipal sources is directly discharged in it without proper treatment. Proposed project of installation of waste water treatment plant aims to treat waste water discharged from various sources in the areas; Mehmood Booti, Salamat pura, Shadbagh and North sites, in order to minimize the River Ravi pollution. Results of all parameters of ambient air quality analysis were within the permissible limits except Nitrogen dioxide and Particulate matter due to dust and vehicular emissions. Impact prediction and assessment revealed that air quality of the area will only be affected in the construction phase of project. Operation of the treatment plant will not have negative impacts on ambient air quality. Further studies should be carried out and more advanced mitigatory measures should be adopted to improve existing air quality of the project area.  <#LINE#> @ @ NASA official: Natalie L. Henrich, Glenn Technical Publications Manager Web Curator, Caroline A. Rist,(Wyle) (2011) @No $ @ @  IPCC, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, UK (2007) @No $ @ @ EPA, Air pollution Environmental Protection Agency, Report U.S (2012) @No $ @ @ David, V. B. Air Pollution and Health. 2nd ed. Morton Lippmann, London, UK (1999) @No $ @ @ Katyal Timmy and Satake M., Environmental Pollution, 4thed. Anmol publications, New Delhi, India (2004) @No $ @ @ PEPA, The Gazette of Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan,Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997) @No $ @ @ Weinstock B. and  Niki H., Carbon Monoxide Balance in Nature, Res. J.ChemicalSci., 176(4032), 290–292 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lewis A.O., Kevin T.P. and Kevin T.P., An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues, 4th ed. Taylor and Francis, Chicago, USA (2002) @No $ @ @ Morford S.L., Houlton B.Z. and Dahlgren R.A. Increased forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage from nitrogen rich bedrock, Res. J.Nature, 477(7362), 78–81 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Photo Catalytic Deprivation to Methylene Blue via ZnO Nano Particles by Advanced Oxidation Process<#LINE#>Manu S@Gowda,P.Shiva Keshava@Kumar,Raviraj M.@Kulkarni<#LINE#>20-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-149.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum-590006, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum-590006, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>7/7/2014<#LINE#>18/8/2014<#LINE#>Photo catalytic degradation of dye work was studied using ZnO nano particles under UV irradiation. Chemical precipitation method was used for synthesis of zinc oxide and characterization studies were done by XR-diffraction technique (XRD), scanning electron micro scope (SEM) and band gap was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Studies were conducted varying the photo catalyst, methylene blue concentration and residual concentration of methylene was monitored using spectrophotometer. The products were found by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak photo degradation of methylene blue at concentration [0.75x10-5] M was observed with dosage of 0.05g/100ml. In addition reusability aspects of nano particles where also studied which revalue’s that reused nano particles exhibited same results as that of   virgin particles. <#LINE#> @ @ Ramandeep Singh Gambhir., Vinod Kapoor., Ashutosh Nirola., Raman Sohi and Vikram Bansal., Water Pollution: Impact of Pollutants and New Promising Techniques in Purification Process,  Department of Public Health Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Rajpura, India, J Hum Ecol., 37(2), 103-109 (2012) @No $ @ @ Poorva Mehndiratta, Arushi Jain, Sudha Srivastava and Nidhi Gupta, Environmental Pollution and Nanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U.P, India, Published by Canadian Centre of Science and EducationOctober 8, (2012) @No $ @ @ Susheela Bai Gajbhiye., Photocatalytic Degradation Study of Methylene Blue Solutions and Its Application to Dye Industry Effluent, Department of Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER),2, 1204-1208(2012) @No $ @ @ Mohammed Mastabur Rahman, Fatema Akthar Choudhury, Delowar Hossain, Namwarul Islam Chowdhury, Sadia Mohsin, Mehdi Hasan, Fakar Uddin and Niloy Chandra Sarker, A Comparative study on the photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using modified commercial and synthesized TiO2 photocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Journal of Chemical Engineering., IEB ChE 27, 2, (2012) @No $ @ @ Sherine O., Obare and Gerald J Meyer., Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Remediation of Organic Contaminants in Water, Journal of Environmental Science And Health, Part A—Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, A39(10),  2549–2582 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ruh Ullah and Joydeep Dutta, photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes with manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles, NUST institute of information technology (NIIT),national university of science and technology (NUST) Pakistan194-200, (2008) @No $ @ @ Soltaninezhad M. and Aminifar A., Study  on nanostructures of semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants, Department of chemistry, application of chemistry, University of Imam  Hossien  Theran, Iran,  137-145 (2011) @No $ @ @ Anoop Verma, Poonam and Divya Dixit, Photo catalytic degradability of insecticide Chlorpyrifos over UV irradiated Titanium dioxide in aqueous phase, Department of Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences,  Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab,International Journal of Environmental Sciences   3(2), (2012) @No $ @ @ Sunandan Baruah Samir K. Pal and Joydeep Dutta.,Nanostructured Zinc Oxide for Water Treatment , water  resource centre, Sultan Oadoos University.vol.2,2006 Madhusudhana N., Yogendra K and Mahadevan K M., A comparative study on Photocatalytic degradation of Violet GL2B azo dye using CaO and TiO2 nanoparticles, International journal of research hand application (IJERA), 2, 1300-1307 (2012) @No $ @ @ Satyanarayana Talam, Srinivasa Rao Karumuri and Nagarjuna Gunam, Synthesis Characterization, and Spectroscopic properties of ZnO nanoparticles, International scholarly research network (ISRN), article ID 372505, (2012) @No $ @ @ Samria Bagheri, Chandrappa K.G. and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, facile synthesis of nanosized ZnO by direct precipitation method, nanotechnology and catalysis research centre, IPS building, University of Malaya ,der pharma chemical, 5(3) 265-270 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yadollah Abdollahi., Abdul Halim Abdullah., Zulkarnain Zainal  and Nor Azah Yusof., Photo catalytic Degradation of p-Cresol by Zinc Oxide under UV Irradiation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Int. J. Mol. Sci., (2012) @No $ @ @ Ankita Ameta, Rakshit Ameta And Mamta Ahuja., Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Over Ferric Tungstate, Department of Chemistry, Pacific College of Basic & Applied Sciences, Paher University., Udaipur – India, (2013) @No $ @ @   Haque M.M., and Muneer ., TiO2-mediated photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye derivative, bromothymol blue, in aqueous suspensions, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India, (2006) @No $ @ @ Akpan U G and Hameed B.H., parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of deys using TiO2-based photo catalyst, school of chemical engineering, engineering campus, 11 may (2009) @No $ @ @ Rupesh Kumar Malviya., Manish Verma and Vinay Yadav., preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nano fluid in organic components, by AISECT University, Bhopal (MP) C.E.C.,Bilaspur (C.G.) AISECT University, Bhopal (MP), 2013) @No $ @ @ Singh S.C., Singh D.P., Singh, P.K., Dubey., Tiwari R.S., and Srivastava O.N., Metal Oxide Nanostructures; Synthesis, Characterizations and Applications, National  Centre for Plasma Science and Technology (NCPST), School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin-9, Ireland @No $ @ @ APHA (American public health association), AWWA (American water works association). And WPCF (Water Pollution Control Facility), standard methods for the examination of water and waste water,20th edn. Washington D C ,USA, (1998) @No $ @ @ Madhusudhana N., Yogendra K and Mahadevan K M .,A comparative study on Photocatalytic degradation of Violet GL2B azo dye using CaO and TiO2 nanoparticles, International Journal ofResearch And Application(IJERA) , 1300-1307 (2012) @No $ @ @ Inam Ullah., Shaukat Ali., Muhammad Asif Hanif and Shaukat Ali Shahid., Nanoscience for environmental remediation: A Review,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture,  International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (ISSN 2226-9614)., Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan, (IJCBS):60-77, (2012) @No $ @ @ Nazar Elamin and Ammar Elsanousi., Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures and their Photocatalytic Activity, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan,  Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences, 1(1):32-35,  (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Bacillus Thuringiensis as Endophyte of Medicinal Plants: Auxin Producing Biopesticide<#LINE#>M. Ali@Minu,Dipak@Vora<#LINE#>27-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-150.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Microbiology, Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, INDIA<#LINE#>8/7/2014<#LINE#>11/8/2014<#LINE#>Occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis, a biopesticide living as endophytes in the leaves of medicinal plant and their ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid was studied. Phenotypic characterization identified the endophytes as Bacillus sp. The presence of parasporal crystalline inclusion was observed using phase contrast microscopy for all the isolated endophytic Bacilli. Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining further established the presence of endospore and parasporal body. Appearance of insecticidal proteins (ICP) in the sporulation phase observed as a dark stained blue structure confirmed the endophytes as B. thuringiensis. Genotypic variation was studied by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. All isolated endophytic B. thuringiensis were observed to have the ability to produce phytohormone Indole-3-acetic acid. This study shows the presence and association of endophytic biopesticide with its host medicinal plant and its potential to produce an important plant growth hormone. This unique finding of such naturally occurring association is of great value to research as well as agricultural industry.   <#LINE#> @ @ Xavier R., Reena J.C.M. Environmental distribution and diversity of insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Journal of Microbiology, 3(2), 1-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann E., Pedersen J.O., Saraubon K., Prapamontol T., DDT in humanmothers: a public health perspective on infant’s exposure. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 74(2), 407–414 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lacey L.A., Frutos R., Kaya H.K. pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future?, Biol. Control, 21, 230-4. Muniady S., Xavier R. and Sreeramanan S., Quick isolation and characterization for the confirmation of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strains from chicken manure samples, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3131-3137 (2011) @No $ @ @ Schnepf E., Crickmore N., Van Rie J., Lereclus D., Baum J., Feitelson J., Zeigler D.R. thuringiensis and Its Pesticidal Crystal P Mol. Biol. Rev., 62(3), 775– 806 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ali M.M. and Vora D., Large scale production of Indole-3-acetic acid using soybean meal, Int J Chem, 2(2), 259-261 (2013) @No $ @ @ Huang T.K., Wang P.M., Wu W.T., Cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis in an airlift reactor with wire mesh draft tubes, Biochem. Eng.J., 7, 35-39 (2001) @No $ @ @ Navon A., Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides in crop protection-reality and prospects, Crop Protection, 19(8-10), 669 – 676 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hung P.Q. and Annapurna K., Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria in soybean (glycine sp.). Omonrice, 12, 92-101 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rampersad J., Ammons D., A Bacillus thuringiensis isolation method utilizing a novel strain, low selection and high throughput produced a typical result, BMC. Microbiol., 5, 52 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rampersad J., Ayub K., Ammons D., Usefulness of staining parasporal bodies when screening for Bacillus thuringiensis, J. Inverteb. Pathol., 79(3), 203-204 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lane D.J., 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In: Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics (Stackebrandt, E., and Goodfellow, M., eds), 115-175, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. (1991) @No $ @ @ Turner S., Pryer K.M., Miao V.P.W., Palmer J.D., Investigating deep phylogenetic relationships among cyanobacteria and plastids by small subunit rRNA sequence analysis, Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46, 327–338. (1999) @No $ @ @ Gordon A.S. and Weber R.P., Colorimetric estimation of indole acetic acid, Plant Physio, 26 (1), 192-195 (1951) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M., Lucas J.S. and Shahida H., Production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid by the Cyanobacterium Arthrospiraplatensis Strain MMG-9, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 20(9), 1259–1265 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lwin M.K., Han M.M. and Khaing Z.O., Screening of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Producing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp.) and Study on IAA productivity of best IAA producer strain, GMSARN, 12-14 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vikram Patil., Production of Indole Acetic Acid by Azotobactersp, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(12), 14-16 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mohammedi S., Balasubramanian S., Yan S., Tyagi R.D. and Valero J.R., Molecular screening of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from wastewater sludge for biopesticide production, Process. Biochem., 41, 829-835. (2006) @No $ @ @ Bernhard K., Jarret P., Meadows M., Butt J., Ellis D.J., Roberts G.M., Pauli S., Rodgers P. and Burges H.G., Natural isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis: Worlwide Distribution, Characterization, and Activity against Insects Pests, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 70, 59-68 (1997) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Diesel Oil Polluted Soil on Proximate Compositions and Mineral Elements of Scent Leaf (Occimum Gratisimum) in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria<#LINE#>F.E.@Ekpo,M.E.@Asuquo,E.E.@Offiong<#LINE#>32-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-151.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Biological Sciences, AkwaIbom State University, Ikot Akpaden, MkpatEnin Local Government Area, AkwaIbom State, NIGERIA @ Department of Forestry and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University, Umudike, Abia State, NIGERIA @ Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar <#LINE#>8/7/2014<#LINE#>20/8/2014<#LINE#>Studies of effect in diesel oil pollution on proximate compositions and mineral nutrients in the leaves of Occimumgratissimum were investigated. Five levels (0ml, 75ml, 150ml, 225ml and 300ml) of diesel oil pollution were mixed with 5kg of soil. Each treatment was replicated three times. Plant samples were watered daily for 16 weeks (four months). At the end of 16 weeks, the leave samples were harvested for laboratory analysis. The proximate compositions and mineral nutrients of the leave samples were determined. The results revealed that mean percentage protein(1.57±0.02), fats (0.95±0.02), Ash (0.74±0.25),fibre (1.03±0.03) content and carbohydrate (4.15±0.25) of leave samples were significantly (P<0.05) lower in (300ml) treatment of diesel pollution compare to the corresponding values protein (18.30±0.01), crude fat(22.17±0.13), total ash( 12.05±0.07), crude fibre ( 9.16±0.15) and carbohydrate ( 47.01±0.04) recorded in the (0ml) control experiment respectively. The percentage moisture and dry matter contents were significantly high (P<0.05) in control (0ml) experiment (62.15%, 47.07%) respectively. Treatment with 300ml and 2250ml of diesel oil pollution recorded the least values of moisture and dry matter contents in the leave samples. The mineral nutrientsCa, P, K, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn were also found to reduce significantly as the level of diesel oil pollution increased in the soil compare to values recorded in control experiment (0ml). It is recommended that remediation of diesel oil polluted soil should be carried out before any agricultural activities is carried out in the area.<#LINE#> @ @ Adam  G., Gamoh K, Morris, D. G. and  Duncan, H. Effect and Alcohol addition on the movement  and petroleumhydrocarbon fuels in soils, Sci. Total Environ., 286 (113), 15-25 (2002) @No $ @ @ Venossa A.D,  Wood  H.K. and  Mott R., Bioremediation of an Experimental oil spill on the  shore of Delaware by Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 1764-1776(1996) @No $ @ @ Wyszokowska  S. and  Kucharski S.,  Biochemical Properties of soil contaminated by petrol, Polish Environ Studies, 9(6), 476-485 (2000) @No $ @ @ Onyeri B.A., Impact of oil industry on the Envirnment, Proceedings of Environmental Awareness Seminar on the Pertoleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment.P.T.I.  Warri, Nigeria (1998) @No $ @ @ Aboribe R.I., Oil politics and the Niger Delta development commission, The tussle for control and domination, Afr. J. Environ. Stud.,, 168-175 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ogbo E.M., Zibigha M. and Odogu G., Effect of crudeoil on growth of the weed (Paspalumscrobiculalum L.)Phytoremediation potential of the plant, Afric Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 3(9), 229-233 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nwaogu L.A., Ujowundu C.O. and Mgbemena A.I. (Studies on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Amaranthushybridus leaves, Bio–Res., , 28-31 (2006) @No $ @ @ Torstensse L.O., Mikaelpell P. and Bostenberg C., Need of a strategy for evaluation of arablesoil quality, Environ. 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In Niger Delta region, Bulg J Plant physiol, 2006, 22(1 2), 53- 63 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ekpo F.E. and Nya E.J., Effect of poultry manure amendments on diesel oil polluted soil on germination and growth performance of some forest tree species, Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(7)195-200 (2012) @No $ @ @ Eka B.A., Effect of crude oil pollution on microorganisms and nutrient composition of Bitter leaf in the tropics, Journal of Sustainable Tropical Agricultural Research, 16, 67–71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gill L.S., Ethno Medical uses of plants in Nigeria Uniben Press, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nig.  176 – 177 (1992) @No $ @ @ Emeka I.N. and Elizabeth E.E., Justification for the use of Ocimumgratissimum L in herbal medicine and its interaction with disc antibiotics, Journal of Pharmcolgy, , 22-29 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pearson D., The Chemical Analysis of Foods, Chivah Livingstone Edinburgh; 3-7 (1976) @No $ @ @ James C.S., Analytical Chemistry of Foods, Chapman and Hall: New York; 52–55 (1995) @No $ @ @ AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official AnalyticalChemist: Washington DC (2000) @No $ @ @ Kirk R.S. and Sawyer R., Pearson’s composition and analysis of foods, 9th Ed. 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<#LINE#>Potable Water is a Serious Environmental Issue: A Special Study on Umiam Area, of Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India<#LINE#>Moharana@Choudhury,Chinmoy@Paul,Nitin@Kamboj<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-152.pdf<#LINE#>Independent Researcher, Department of Environmental Science (CODL) Tezpur University, Assam, INDIA @ Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, INDIA @ Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar-249404, INDIA<#LINE#>8/7/2014<#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>Water is life. It is the foundation for health, hygiene, progress and prosperity. Therefore efficient water management is essential to civil society for the betterment of quality of life. The objective of this study to access out the supply water pollution status of Umiam area, situated in the Ri-Bhoi district of Mehgalaya; Chemical analysis of samples were carried out for tape water as it is a source of supply water, in order to assess the physico-chemical parameters like pH, TDS, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium fluorides, chlorides, fluoride, arsenic, nitrite, potassium, iron and also microbiological tests examined, all Samples were collected randomly from the tape water around Umiam area, in order to find out the  water quality status around area. The values of analysed samples were compared with the guideline of international standard. 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<#LINE#>Limnological and Correlation Studies of Birnal Water Body of Sangli, Maharashtra<#LINE#>Alaka A.@Patil<#LINE#>43-49<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-153.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, P.D.V.P. Mahavidyalaya, Tasgaon, 416 312 Dist: Sangli, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>10/7/2014<#LINE#>31/8/2014<#LINE#>The physico-chemical parameters varied seasonally. The Secchi disc values varied from 26.8 to 60.5 cm. The pH remained alkaline between 8 to 9 in both years. The dissolved oxygen varied from 5.2 to 7.8 mg/l during both years. The total alkalinity values ranged between 132.5 and 301.8 mg/l. The total hardness values varied from 221.4 to 322.9 mg/l for the reservoir. Calcium content was fluctuated from 31.5 to 48.3 mg/l. The magnesium values are ranged between 17.3 to 22.4 mg/l. The values of total dissolved solids were observed from 313.7 to 601.1 mg/l. Chlorides and total dissolved solids were maximum during summer and minimum in winter season. In correlation matrix free carbon di-oxide is negatively correlated with all parameters except magnesium.  This paper reports the physico- chemical characteristics and correlation matrix of Birnal perennial reservoir of Sangli in Maharashtra where limnological studies were conducted from August 2011 to July 2013. <#LINE#> @ @ Kamat M.D., Ecological notes on Kolhapur, J. Environ Biol. Sci., 8, 47-54 (1965) @No $ @ @ Goel P.K., Kulkarni A.Y. and Khatavkar S.D., Species diversity in phytoplankton Communities in a few fresh water bodies in south western Maharashtra, Geobios15,150-156 (1988) @No $ @ @ Bhosale L.J., Sabale A.B. and Mulik N G, Survey and status report on some wetlands of Maharashtra. Final report submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur India  (1994) @No $ @ @ Hujare M S, Limmnological studies of the perennial water body Attigre tank, Kolhapur District (Maharashtra). Nature, Environ. 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Patil, Limnological studies of  perennial reservoirs of Khanapur tahsil of Sangli district, Maharashtra, J. Ecobiol32 (3), 185-196, (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Fate of Zidovudine through Water Treatment with Chlorine: A Kinetic Study<#LINE#>Puneeth@Kumar,P. Shiva Keshava@Kumar,Raviraj M.@Kulkarni<#LINE#>50-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-155.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum-590 008, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum-590 008, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>7/7/2014<#LINE#>14/8/2014<#LINE#>Advances in water quality Analysis indicate that antibiotics are rising pollutants owing in the direction of their unbroken contribution in addition to determination in the aquatic ecosystem still at small concentrations. Researchers across the world reveal that in environmental matrices, indicating conventional treatment methods are inefficient in their removal. To put off this pollution; numerous processes to degrade/ eliminate antibiotics have been calculated. Present report lecture to the current state of knowledge relating to the degradation and elimination processes applied to a specific class of antibiotics. Several inorganic and organic micro pollutants can go through reactions with chlorine. Chlorine reactivity is inadequate in the direction of exacting sites (mainly amines, reduced sulfur moieties) and is frequently pragmatic during chlorination processes. HOCl is the chief hasty chlorine species during chlorination processes. To better know /predict chlorine reaction in the company of micro pollutants, the kinetics and mechanistic in sequence on chlorine reactivity, this Research was taken up. The present study reveals that degradation levels are highest at low pH ranges and able to remove about 50% under standard test conditions. <#LINE#> @ @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidovudine (2014) @No $ @ @ http://www.rxlist.com/retrovir-drug.htm  (2014) @No $ @ @ United States Pharmacopoeia (USP-NF XXIV), Rockville MD 20852. United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc,3489 (1985) @No $ @ @ Raviraj M Kulkarni ,Manjunath S Hangadakar , Ramesh S Malladi, Mahadev S Gudaganatti,Himansu S Biswal, Sharnappa T Nandibewoor.,Transformation of linezolid during water treatment with chlorine – A kinectic study, Indian Journel of Chemical Technology.( 21) (38-43)(2014) @No $ @ @ Marie Deborde, Urs von Gunten., Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment—Kinetics and mechanisms: A critical review, Water Research.,(42) (14) (2008) @No $ @ @ Le-Minh N, Khan S.J, Drewes J.E, Stuetz R.M.,Fate of antibiotics during municipal water recycling treatment processes.,Water research 44) (4296)(2010) @No $ @ @ Mahadev S. Gudaganatti, Manjunath S. Hanagadakar, Raviraj M. Kulkarni, Ramesh S. Malladi and Rajaram K. Nagarale, Transformation of levofloxacin during water chlorination process: kinetics and pathways, Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism, (37), 367-368 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharada C.H., Channabasavaraj K.P. and Tamizh T., Mani, Development of a Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Zidovudine Concentration in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, KMITL Sci. Tech. ., 10(1), 1-6 (2010) @No $ @ @ APHA (American Public Health Association), AWWA (American Water Works Association).and WPCF (Water Pollution Control Facility), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Edition,Washington DC, USA (1998) @No $ @ @ Basavaiah .K. and Anil Kumar. U R,Simple Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Zidovudine in pharmaceuticals using Chloramine-T, Methylene Blue and Rhodamine-B reagents, E-Journal of Chemistry, 3(12), 173-181 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cimons, Marlene, U.S. Approves Sale of AZT to AIDS Patients, Los Angeles, (1987) @No $ @ @ Dodd M.C. and Huang C.H., Environ. Sci. Techn.,(38), 5607 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gouthami K, Anusha Priyadarshini K, Nikhila Soundarya A, Pushpa Latha E, Spectrophotometric Method For Degradation Study of Lamivudine(3), 66-69 (2013) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization International Agency For Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs On The Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks To Humans,  (76) 73-127 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Biochemical Correlation between Some Heavy Metals, Malondialdehyde and Total Antioxidant Capacity in blood of Gasoline Station Workers<#LINE#>Adnan J.M.@AL-Fartosy,Nadhum A.@Awad,Sanaa K.@Shanan<#LINE#>56-60<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-159.pdf<#LINE#> University of Basrah-college of science-Department of chemistry, IRAQ<#LINE#>19/7/2014<#LINE#>26/8/2014<#LINE#>The present study was aimed  to evaluate  the effects of some heavy metals (Hg, pb& Cd) and MDA on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood of gasoline station workers in Basra Governorate/Iraq. The results revealed that Hg,  Pb,  Cd and MDA levels significantly higher in the blood of workers than healthy controls (p 0.0001) respectively. This study also found a significant increase in the level of TAC (p 0.05) in serum of workers compared to the control. The results confirmed that the level of serum TAC was negatived and significantly correlated with Hg, Pb, Cd and MDA levels (p 0.0001, r= -0.39, r= -0. 3, r= -0.551, r= -0.671) respectively, in gasoline station workers. The present study suggests the chronic exposure to gasoline in the work place (gasoline stations) led to increase in the oxidative stress in workers which decreased the antioxidant enzyme levels.This behavior  might give an indicator for the oxidants that take place in exposed persons. <#LINE#> @ @ Bachanek T., Staroslawska E., Wolanska E. and Jarmolinska K., Heavy metal poisoning in  glass worker characterized by severe,  Ann Agric Enviro Med, 7(1), 51-3 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mortada W.I., Sobh M.A.,  El-Defrawy M.M., Farahat  S.E., Study of lead exposure from automobile exhaust as a risk for nephrotoxicity among  traffic policemen, Am J Nephro, 21(4), 274-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hong Y.C., Park E.Y., Park M.S., Ko J.A., Oh S.Y. and Kim H., et al. Community-level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population. Toxicol Lett., 184,139–44 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bae S., Pan X., Kim S. et al., Exposures to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidative stress in school children, Environ Health Perspect, 118(4),579–583 (2010) @No $ @ @ Koracevic D., koracevic G., Djordjeric V., Andrejevic S.  and Cosic V.,Method for the easurement of antioxidant activity in humanfluids,  J Clin pathol,  54, 356-361 (2001) @No $ @ @ Soad M. Mosad,  Assad A. Ghanem, Hossam M. El-Fallal , Amr M. El-KannishyAzza A. El Baiomy, Amany M. Al–Diasty, and Lamiaa F. Arafa., Lens Cadmium, Lead, and Serum Vitamins C, E, and Beta Carotene in Cataractous Smoking Patients, Current Eye Research, 35(1), 23–30 (2010) @No $ @ @ Carl, A., and Burtis., Tietz Book of clinical chemistry, 1223-1225 USA (1994) @No $ @ @ Burtis C.A. and A shwood ER., Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders comp., Tokyo, 1034-1054 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bondy, S.C., Oxygen generation as a basis for neurotoxicity of metals. In: Toxicology of metals, Chang, L.W.; Eds,;RC Press, Baco Raton, 699-706 (1996) @No $ @ @ Quig D. Cysteine, metabolism and metal toxicity, Alter. Med.Rev.,, 262-270 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hultberg B., Andersson A., Isaksson A., Interaction of metals and thiols in cell damage and glutathione distribution: potentiation of mercury toxicity by dithiothreitol, tox., 156, 93-100 (2001) @No $ @ @ Belch J.J., Bridges A.B., Scott N. and Chopra M., Oxygen free radicals and congestive heart failure, Br Heart J,65,245–248 (1991) @No $ @ @ Hussain S., Atkinson A.,  Thompson   S.J. and  Khan A.T., Accumulation of mercury and its effect on antioxidant enzymes in brain, liver and kidneys of mice, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B,34(4), 645-660 (1999) @No $ @ @ Whaley-Connell A., McCullough P.A. and Sowers J.R. The role of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome, Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.,12, 21-29 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Rotational Pokkali cultivation and Shrimp farming on the Soil Characteristics of two different Pokkali field at Chellanam and Kadamakudi, Kochi, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>Antony@Ashamol,Mercy@T.V. Anna,S.S.@Shaju<#LINE#>61-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-160.pdf<#LINE#> Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi – 682506, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>19/7/2014<#LINE#>30/8/2014<#LINE#>Pokkali field is prevalent in the coastal saline tracts of Kerala. Pokkali fields are able to produce paddy and shrimp rotationally in an organic way. The sediment characteristics were studied in two Pokkali fields, Chellanam and Kadamakudi, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India during April to June 2013. The soil pH varied highly acidic to7.15 slightly alkaline in Chellanam and alkaline in Kadamakudi. The least value of conductivity and salinity were occurred on the first half of the June.The highest value of total organic carbon was 1.05%in Chellanam and 6.225% in Kadamakudi observed on the second half of April. The highest value of phosphate was 0.1578 mg/g in Chellanam and 0.2125 mg/g in Kadamakudi with a mean and standard deviation of 6.87 ± 7.67 and 0.14 ± 0.05 respectively on the first half of the May. The nitrogen content of the soil also showed the same trend as phosphate. The carbon content of the soil showed a slight increasing trend. The sulphur content of the soil is negligible except last half of may showed 0.18% . In Chellanam and Kadamakudi, the sulphur content of the soil showed a decreasing trend from April to June.C – N ratio was in the range of 6.3: 1 to 8.1: 1. C- N ratio in Chellanam and  in Kadamakudi was in the range of 9: 1 to 10.2: 1. The sediment characteristics in this area were completely depends on the south west monsoon and the tides of the Vembanad estuary. <#LINE#> @ @ Priyadarsanan D.R., Seema P., Siddhartha K., Kiran M.C., Deepak D. and Jojo T.D., Strengthening Communities and Institutions for Sustainable Management of Vembanad Backwaters, Kerala, Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, 1158–1163 (2008) @No $ @ @ Joy A., Development Impact on Pokkali Fields A Case of International Container Transshipment Terminal, Vallarpadam, Kochi, IOSR J.Hum. & Soc. Sci., 10(5), 1–5 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dominic V.J. and Jithin T., Effect of NaCl and Boron toxicity on proline biosynthesis of Oryza sativa (Pokkali VTL – 4), Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res., 1(3), 73–83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nambiar G.R. and Raveendran K., Exploration of Untapped Potentiality of Coastal Paddy Fields of Kerala(India) – A Case Study, Mid. – East J. Scien. Res., 4(1), 44–47 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vanaja T. Kaipad – A unique, naturally organic, saline prone rice ecosystem of Kerala, India, Am. J. Envi. Pro., 2(2), 42–46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pillai S.M., Krishnan L., Venugopal N. and Sasidharan C.S., Traditional system of brackishwater aquaculture of Kerala, CIBA Bulletin No. 14. (2002) @No $ @ @ Krishnani K.K., Rajendran K.V., Joseph K.O. and Gupta B.P. Soil and water characteristics of shrimp ponds affected with viral disease, J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 29(1), 37-42 (1997) @No $ @ @ Gupta B.P., Krishnani K.K., Joseph K.O., Muralidhar M., Ali S.A. and Gopal C., Soil and water characteristics and the growth of shrimp Penaeus monodon fed with formulated feed in experimental tanks, Indian J. Fish., 48(4), 345-351 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sasidharan N.K., Abraham C.T. and Rajendran C.G., Spatial and temporal integration of rice, fish and prawn in the coastal wetlands of central Kerala, India, J. Trop. Agri.,50(1-2), 15–23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pillai S.M., Fishery and production of shrimps from perennial and seasonal fields of Kerala, Indian J. Fish., 50(2), 173–180 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jayan P.R. and Sathyanathan N., Overview of farming practices in the water logged areas of Kerala, India, Int. J. Agri. & Bio. Eng., 3(4), 1-16 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Indian Reprint. Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 498 (1958) @No $ @ @ Silas, E.G. and Pillai, P.P. Dynamics of zooplankton in a tropical estuary witha review on the plankton fauna of the environment, Bull.Dept.Mar.biol.Oceanogr.Univ.Cochin, 7, 329-335 (1975) @No $ @ @ Nandan S.B. and Abdul Aziz P.K., Organic matter of sediments from the retting an nonreuing areas of Kadinamkulam estuary, southwest coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25, 25-28 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ramamirtham C.P., Muthuswamy S.  and Khambadkar L.R. Estaurine oceanography of the Vembanad lake Part I: The region between Pallipuram (Vaikom) and Thevara (Cochin), Ind. J. Fish.,33(1), 218 -224 (1986) @No $ @ @ Post W.M., Emanuel W.R., Zinke P.J. and Stanenberger A.G., Soil carbon pools and world life zones, Nature,298, 156-159 (1982) @No $ @ @ Brady N.C. and R.R. Weil, The nature and properties of soils, 13th Ed. Prentice- Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA, 960 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mahal N., Soil and water analysis techniques for agricultural production. MSc Thesis. The graduate school of natural and applied sciences of middle east technical university, 24 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Adsorption Study on Zinc (II) ions from Aqueous solution using Chemically Activated Fruit of Kigelia Pinnata (JACQ) DC carbon<#LINE#>R.@Shobana,Sahayaraj P.@Arockia,V.@Dharmalingam,R.@Soruba<#LINE#>65-69<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-169.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), Trichirappalli-23, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Quaid- E-Millath Government College for Women, Chennai–2, INDIA<#LINE#>26/7/2014<#LINE#>2/9/2014<#LINE#>In recent years, the preparation of low cost adsorbents as an alternative for the removal of toxic heavy metals from the waste water. Now a days, various natural adsorbent have been used by many researchers as a cheaper method for the treatment of water. The toxic heavy metals are released in the environment; due to rapid industrialization and urbanization possess a great threat to environment. Adsorption is an effective technique for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous solutions. In this work adsorbent is prepared chemically from the fruit of Kigelia pinnata as a measure to control the environmental pollution.  The studies are carried out to remove the Zinc (II) ions from the aqueous solutions The chemically activated carbon was characterized using standard American Standard Testing Methods. (ASTM). Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments showed that the adsorbent prepared from the fruit of Kigelia pinnata (KP) has a good capacity of adsorption of Zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution. The parameters study includes contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH. The adsorption of zinc ions was tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. <#LINE#> @ @ Doss V.R, Kodolikar S.P., Heavy metal adsorption by Ligand loaded granular activated carbon: Thermodynamics and kinetics, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(4), 2126-2142 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav Vinod, Daga Kailash, Chandra Suresh and Lal Madan  Adsorption Studies of Zn (II) ions from Wastewater using Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent,Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1, 160-165 (2012) @No $ @ @ Francis Amala Rejula and Masilamai Dhinakaran Removal of Zinc (II) by Non Living Biomass of Agaricus Bisporus Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(9), 13-17 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ayhan I.. and Özacar M., Biosorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions by mimosa tanin gel, J. Hazard. Mater.,157, 277–285 (2008) @No $ @ @ Metcalf and Eddy Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Re-use, John Wiley 6th Ed. 1138–1151 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jamal A., Abdula Mohamed O. Sulaiman and Salah M Ben-Ali, Adsorption of Pb II and Cu II from the aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from Dates Stones, Intl.J.of environ science and development, 4(2)(2013) @No $ @ @ Thirunavukkarasu and Palanivelu: Biosorption of Cr VI using Marine algal mass, Indian Journal biotechnol, P No 359-364 (2007) @No $ @ @ Langmuir I., The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids, Journal of American Society, 38, 2221-2298 (1916) @No $ @ @ Freundlich H.M.F. Uber die1906 adsorption losungen for Physical Chemie, 57, 385-470 @No $ @ @ Bernard E Jemoh Aand Odigare J.O., Heavymetals removal from industrial waste water by activated carbon prepared from coconut shell, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 3(8), 3-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jutharat Kuntakapun1, Juntima Chungsiriporn, Noor Husaiha bt Hussain, and Janya Intamanee Adsorption of Zn(II) Metal Ion from an Aqueous SolutionUsing Tea Waste Char, The Eighth PSU Engineering Conference 22-23 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abbas Sabah Thajeel, Mustafa M. Al-Faize and A.Z. Raheem Adsorption of Pb+2 and Zn+2 ions from oil wells onto activated carbonproduced from rice husk in batch adsorption process, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(4), 240-250 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nageswara Rao, Adsorption of lead and zinc from aqueous solution using terminiliacatappa as adsorbent, 2(2),65-76(2013) @No $ @ @ Wiwid Pranata Putra, Azlan Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Che Fauziah Ishak Biosorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) Ionsfrom Aqueous Solutions Using Selected Waste Materials: Adsorption and Characterisation Studies, Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 25-35(2014) @No $ @ @ Lokendra Singh, Thakur Mukesh parmar,Sciences Adsorption of Heavy Metal (Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) from Synthetic Waste Water by Tea Waste Adsorbent  International Journal of Chemical and Physical Sciences,2(6), (2013) @No $ @ @ Lee S.M. and Davis A.P., Removal of Cu II and Cd II from the aqueous solution by seafood processing waste sludge, Water Resources, 35, 534-540 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kalyani G., Babu Rao G., Vijaya Saradhi B. and Y. Prasanna Kumar, Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of zinc onto gallus domesticus shell powder, ARPN Journal of engineering and applied sciences, 4(1), 30-49 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mohsen A., Hashem Adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by okra wastes, Internl. J Phy. Science, 2(7), 178-184  (2007) @No $ @ @ Abbas Sabah Thajeel Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic of Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions onto Local Activated Carbon Aquatic Science and Technology, 1(2), 53-77 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dada A.O., Olalekan, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich Isotherms Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Zn2+ Unto Phosphoric Acid Modified Rice Husk, Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(1), 38-45 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Salt Stress on Seedling growth and Survival of Oenothera biennis L.<#LINE#>Sikha@Sharma,Sunil@Puri,Arti@Jamwal,Sujata@Bhattacharya,Navdeep@Dhindsa,Kranti@Thakur<#LINE#>70-74<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-210.pdf<#LINE#> School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh-173229, INDIA<#LINE#>26/6/2014<#LINE#>6/8/2014<#LINE#>Effect of salinity on emergence, seedling growth and seed vigor of Oenothera biennis., a medicinal plant was considered using different concentrations of NaCl (25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM). Increasing stress regimes upto50 mM led to enhancement of seed germination. At higher salt concentrations a negative relationship between seed germination was obtained. Seedling survived and grew up to salinity of 100 mM NaCl and eventually this species is tolerant to seedling stage. Elongation of stem and root was decelerated by increasing salt stress. Though, this species has a tendency for rapid root penetration and roots are able to draw water from saline soil. Seed vigor index decreased with increasing concentration of stress. <#LINE#> @ @ Greenway H. and Munns R., Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non halophytes, Ann. Rev. Plant Phy. Plant Mole. Biol.,31, 149-190 (1980) @No $ @ @ Bewley J.D. and Black M., Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination, Springer, Berlin, , 375 (1982) @No $ @ @ Munns R., Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together, New Phytol., 167, 645-663 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ahmad S., Ahmad R., Ashraf M.Y., Ashraf M. and  Waraich E.A., Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and growth stages, Pak. J. Bot., 41(2), 647-654 (2008) @No $ @ @ Albuquerque F.M.C.D. and Carvalho N.M.D., Effect of type on the environmental stress on the emergence of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merril) and maize (Zea mays L.) seeds with different levels of vigor, Seed Sci. Tech., 31, 465-467 (2003) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M., Ashraf M., Jamil A. and Rehman S., Does seed priming induce changes in the levels of some endogenous plant hormones in hexploid wheat plants under salt stress?, J. Int. Plant Biol., 48,181-189 (2009) @No $ @ @ Troech F.R. and Thompson I.M., Soils and soil fertility. Oxford University Press, New York, 462 (1993) @No $ @ @ Nabil M. and Coudret A., Effects of NaCl on growth, tissue elasticity and solute adjustment in two Acacia nilotica subspecies, Phy. Plant.,93, 217-224 (1995) @No $ @ @ Azizi M., Study of effect of some environmental and physiological factors of Hypericum perfuratum Ph.D thesis, Horticulture, Tarbiat Moddares University, (1998) @No $ @ @ Timmermans K., Intellectual property rights and traditional medicine: policy dilemmas at the interface, Soc. Sci. Med., 57, 745-756, (2003) @No $ @ @ Shukla Y.N., Srivastava A., Kumar S. and Kumar S., Phytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of Argyreia speciosa and Oenothera biennis, J. Ethnopharm, 67, 241-245 (1999) @No $ @ @ Deng Y.C., Hua H.M., Li J. and Lapinakas P., Studies on the cultivation and uses of evening primrose Oenothera spp.) in China. Eco. Bot.,55, 83-92 (2001) @No $ @ @ Cantor M., Oenothera-ornamental crop and medicinal plant, Hameiul si Plantele Medicinale,31, 1-2 (2008) @No $ @ @ ISTA [International Seed Testing Association] International Rules for Seed Testing, Seed Sci. Tech.,31, 1-152 (1996) @No $ @ @ Seghatoleslami M.J., Effect of salinity on germination of Satureja hortensis L.,Cichorium intybus L. and Cyanara scolymus L. Iran. J. Agricul. Res., 8(5), 818-823 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yupsanis T., Moustakas M. and Domiandou K., Protein phosphorylation dephosphorylation in alfalfa seeds germination under salt stress, J. Plant Physio., 143, 234-240 (1994) @No $ @ @ Keshavarzi M. H. B., Effect of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of savory (Satureja hortensis), Aust. J. Basic App.Sci., 5(12), 3274-3279 (2011) @No $ @ @ Askarian M., The effects of salinity and dryness on germination and seedling establishment in Elymus junceusand Kochia prostrate, J. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi., 64,71-77 (2004) @No $ @ @ Safarnejad A., H. Collin, K.D. Bruce and T. McNeilly, Characterization of alfafa following in vitro selection for salt tolerance. Euphytica, 92,55-61, (1996) @No $ @ @ Jeschke W.D., Cation fluxes in excised and intact roots in relation to specific and varietal differences, In Saric MR (eds) Genetic Specificity of mineral Nutrition of Plants. Serbian Acad. Sci. Arts, Belgrade, U.K, 57-69 (1982) @No $ @ @ Xiong L. and Zhu J.K., Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to osmotic stress, Plant Cell Physio.,38, 1095-1102 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kramer P.J., Water relations of plants. Academic Press New York, 489 (1983) @No $ @ @ Garg B.K. and Gupta I.C., Saline wasteland environment and plant growth. Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur, India 287 (1997) @No $ @ @ Jaleel C. A., Gopi R. and Panneerselvam R., Growth and photosynthetic pigments responses of two varieties of Catharanthus roseus to triadimefon treatment, Comp. Ren. Biol.,331, 272-277, (2008) @No $ @ @ Karimi N. and Pak Z.H., Effect of NaCl salinity on germination, physiological and biochemical parameters of Plantago ovata Forsk, Indi. J. Sci Tech., 5(6), 2816-2821 (2012) @No $ @ @ Massai R., Remorin D. and Tattini H., Gas exchange, water relation and osmotic adjustment in two scion rootstock combination of prunus under water stress verses salinity, Plant Soil, 259, 153-162 (2004) @No $ @ @ Keshavarzi M.H.B., The effect of different NaCl concentration on germination and early seedling growth of Artemisia annua L., Inte. J. Agri.; Res. Rev., 2(3), 135-140 (2012) @No $ @ @ Keshavarzi M.H.B, Effect of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of savory (Satureja hortensis), Aust. J. Bas. App. Sci., 5(12), 3274-3279 (2011) @No $ @ @ Liu X., Miller C.W., Koeffler P.H.  and Berk A.J.,  The ~53 activation domain binds the TATA box-binding polypeptide in holo-TFIID, and a neighboring p53 domain inhibits transcription, Mole. Cell Bio., 73, 3291-3300 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Puri S., Jamwal A. and Bhattacharya S. Impact of Water-deficit and Salinity stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Capsicum annuum ‘Solan Bharpur’, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(8), 1-6 (2013) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Current Status and Possible Causes of Reptile’s Decline<#LINE#>Tapas Kumar@Dutta,Sujan Kumar@Sou,Rajendra Prasad@Mondal<#LINE#>75-79<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-154.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Kulti College, Kulti, INDIA<#LINE#>12/7/2014<#LINE#>28/8/2014<#LINE#>Among poikilothermic terrestrial vertebrates, reptile plays an important role for maintaining the ecological balance of nature by balancing the food chain. They perform a vital role both as prey species and predator. As predator of insects, rodents, and other pest species they provide a significant benefit to agriculture and recreational activities. Similarly reptiles provide food for small mammals, birds, and other animals. Some reptiles are even used in traditional medicines, Skin of various reptiles used for creation of shoes, handbags and belts, and tortoise shell is used for jewellery and decoration purpose. However due to several anthropogenic reasons, today the reptilian population is at stake. According to IUCN, the number of  critically endangered species of reptile have increased from 73 to 164, the number of endangered species have increased from 101 to 329 and vulnerable species of from 187 to 386 in between 2006 to 2013. Also this result is the reflection of only 4204 evaluated species among the total of 9831 species of reptiles. This trend will surely increase on evaluation of increased number of species. Many factors play a role on reptile population decline. Some factors are natural process but other factors like habitat loss and fragmentation, predation by and competition with non-native and invasive species, natural calamity, UV radiation, environmental pollution, and disease play a significant role for reptile’s decline.  Due to global climate change these reptiles are also at the stake.  The biology and ecology of reptiles are tightly related to temperature and moisture. Their phenology, demography, and habitat choice is sensitive to climatic factors. In reptiles, the timing of the seasonal activities, hibernation, aestivation, and breeding are tightly related to climatic conditions. For better conservation strategy a long-term monitoring process should be needed where populations are predicted to become extirpated, so that we can accurately determine what the probable causes of reptile decline are. Similarly Common people’s participation and awareness about importance of the reptiles for their survival should be needed.<#LINE#> @ @ Kumar M. and Kumar P.P., Climate change, water resources and food production: Some highlights from India standpoint, I.Res.J.Environmental Sci., 2(1), 79-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Huey R.B., Losos J.B. and Mortiz C., Are Lizards Toast? Science, (328), 832-833 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mitchell N.J. KerneyM.R., Nelson N.J. and Porter W.P., Predicting the fate of a living fossil: how will global warming affect sex determination and hatching phenology in tuatara?, Proceedings of the Royal Society B,(275), 2185-2193 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gibbons J.W. and Stangel P.W., Conserving Amphibians and Reptiles in the New Millenium. Proceedings of the Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) Conference; Atlanta (GA). Aiken (SC): Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Herp. Outreach Publication #2, (1999) @No $ @ @ Bennett S.H. and Nelson J.B., Distribution and status of Carolina bays in South Carolina. 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Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press, 267-287 (1990) @No $ @ @ LambT., Bickham J.W., Lyne T.B. and Gibbons J.W., The slider turtle as an environmental sentinel: Multiple tissue assays using flow cytometric analysis, Ecotoxicology, (4),5-13 (1995) @No $ @ @ Guillette  L.J., Gross T.S., Masson G.R., Matter J.M., Percival H.F and Woodward A.R, Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida, Environmental Health Perspectives,(102), 680-688 (1994) @No $ @ @ Guillette LJ Jr, Crain DA, Rooney A.A., Pickfoord D.B., Organization versus activation: The role of endocrine- disrupting contaminants(EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife. Environmental health perspectives 103 (supplement 7), 157-164 (1995) @No $ @ @ Daugherty C.H., Cree A. 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Iguanas of the  World, Park Ridge (NJ): Noyes, 397-417 (1982) @No $ @ @ Jacobson E.R., Implications of infectious diseases for captive propagation and introduction programs of threatened/endangered reptiles, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,(24), 245-255 (1993) @No $ @ @ Gibbons J.W. and Stangel P.W., Conserving Amphibians and Reptiles in the   New Millenium. Proceedings   of the Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) Conference; Atlanta (GA). Aiken (SC):    Savannah  River Ecology Laboratory, Herp. Outreach Publication #2, (1999) @No $ @ @ Janzen G.J. Climate change and temperature dependent sex determination in reptiles, Proceedings of the   National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (91), 7487-7490 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ciofi C. and Swingland I.R., Environmental sex determination in reptiles, Applied Animal behaviour   Science,(51), 251- 265 (1997) @No $ @ @ Mrosvovsky N. and Provancha J., Sex ratio of  hatching loggerhead sea  turtles: data and estimates of a five year study, Canadian Journal of Zoology, (70), 530-538 (1992) @No $ @ @ Cary C. and Alexander M.A., Climate change and amphibian declines: Is there a link? Diversity and Distribution, (9), 111-121 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kumar Manoj and Padhy Pratap Kumar Climate Change, Water Resources and Food Production: Some Highlights from India’s, I.Res.J.Environmental Sci.,  2(1), 79-87, (2013) @No $ @ @ Capizzi D., Capula M. Rugiero L. and Luiselli L., Dietary patterns of two   sympatric Mediterranean snakes Hierophis viridiflavus and Zamenis longissimus) along a gradient of habitat alteration, Herpetol.J., (8),  141- 146 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma R., Aggarwal N. and Kumar S., Ecological Sustainability in India through the Ages,I.Res.J.Environmental Sci.,  3(1), 70-73 (2014) @No $ @ @ The Reptile Database compiled by Peter Uetz and Jirí Hošek (2013) @No $ @ @ Dutta A.B. and Sengupta I., Environmental Impactassessment and construction, I.Res.J.Environmental  Sci.,  3(1), 53-61 (2014) @No $ @ @ Sharma R., Agrawall N. and Kumar S., Ecological sustainability In India hrough ages, I.Res.J.Environmental   Sci, 3(1), 70-73 (2014) @No
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Floral Diversity Conservation through Sacred Groves in Koraput District, Odisha, India: A Case Study<#LINE#>Debabrata@Panda,Sidhanta Sekhar@Bisoi,Sharat K.@Palita<#LINE#>80-86<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-168.pdf<#LINE#> Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput-764 020, INDIA<#LINE#>26/7/2014<#LINE#>27/8/2014<#LINE#>The tribal dominated Koraput district of Odisha has rich tradition of nature conservation through cultural and religious practices. Though maximum number of sacred groves has been reported from Koraput, there is hardly any scientific documentation of plant species in them. The present study has documented floral diversity and uses of 94 sacred plant species distributed in 63 genera belonging to 43 different families from 6 different sacred groves in a systematic manner.  Most of the plant species are distributed under Caesalpiniaceae followed by Asteraceae and Combretaceae. The plant species are distributed in 48 trees, 26 shrubs and 21 herbs. Many of the plant species are used as herbal medicines (39%) by the tribals followed by religious importance (23 %), and food (13 %) plants. Some existing threats related to the sacred groves as well as plants under threat categories have also been recorded. While only plant species  Pterocarpus santalinus comes under IUCN endangered category and 3 species of plants Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan and Woodfordia fruticosa comes under low risk and least concern categories whereas 6 species are under least concern category. The plants under vulnerable categories are Ageratum conyzoides, Dalbergia latifolia, Delonix regia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Santalum album and Saraca asoca. Thus, for assessing the ecological role of sacred grooves and formulating strategies for their conservation, a holistic understanding of their structure and function as well as their current status is essential. <#LINE#> @ @ Hughes J.D. and Chandran M.D.S., Sacred Groves Around the Earth: An Overview. In: Ramakrishnan P. S., Saxena, K.G and Chandrasekhar U.M (eds.), Conserving the Sacred for Biodiversity Management, Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 69-86 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jena M.K., Pathi P. and Acharya U.S., Biodiversity and its Cultural Diversity: Mode and Means in Primitive-Modern Continum, Environment and Disaster Management, 31-40 (2000) @No $ @ @ Anthwal A., Sharma R.C. and Sharma A., Sacred Groves: Traditional Way of Conserving Plant Diversity in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal, The Journal of American Science, 8, 35-43 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gadgil M. and Vartak V.D., Sacred groves of India - A plea for continued conservation. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72, 313-320 (1975) @No $ @ @ Gadgil M. and Vartak V.D., Sacred groves in Maharashtra – An inventory. In: Jain, S. K (Ed.), Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany, Oxford and IBH Publishers, New Delhi, 279-294 (1981) @No $ @ @ Jena M.K. and Pattnaik K.K., Where trees do matter for society: the socio-cultural aspects of sal (Shorea robusta) and salap (Caryota urens L.) in the Similipal hills of Orissa, India, Nature is Culture, Intermediate Technology Publication, 79-89 (1997) @No $ @ @ Malhotra K.C. and Das K., Interface between faunal biodiversity and cultural heritage in southwest Bengal in India, In: Fujiki N and Macer R. J (Eds.), Bioethics in Asia. Eubois Ethics Institute, Japan, 346-351 (1997) @No $ @ @ Malhotra K.C., Chakravarty K.K., Bhanu B.V., Chatterjee S., Deb D., Gokhale Y. and Shrivastava S., Sacred Groves of India: A Travelling Exhibition, Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal (2000) @No $ @ @ Khan M.L., Khumbongmayum A.D. and Tripathi, The Sacred Groves and Their Significance in Conserving Biodiversity An Overview, International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 34, 277-291 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rath P., Devi Kanta Bausuni- A Sacred Groves of Koraput, Orissa Review, 44-45 December (2011) @No $ @ @ Pattanaik C., Reddy C.S. and Murty M.S.R., Ethnomedicinal observation among the tribal people of Koraput District, Orissa, India, Research Journal of Botany, 1(3), 125-128 (2006) @No $ @ @ Saxena H.O. and Brahman M. The Flora of Orissa” 1-4 Orissa Forest Development Corporation Ltd., Bhubaneswar, India (1996) @No $ @ @ Khumbongmayum A.D., Khan M.L. and Tripathi, R.S., Ethnomedicinal plants in the sacred groves of Manipur, Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 4(1), 21-32 (2005) @No $ @ @ Raut S., Raut S., Sen S.K., Satpathy S. and Pattnaik D., An Ethnobotanical survey of Medicinal Plants in Semiliguda of Koraput District, Odisha, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(8), 20-30 (2013) @No