International Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 3(7), 79-80, July (2014) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 79 Short Communication Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Solid Waste - Opium MarcSharma SoniyaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Christian Eminent Academy, Indore, MP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 26th June 2014, revised 10th July 2014, accepted 21th July 2014 AbstractAssessment of physicochemical properties of opium marc was done in this paper. The results indicate that the brown solid lumps of opium marc sample pass the PFLT and have specific gravity 0.73. The calorific value, flash point, moisture content, LOD @ 105 C, LOI @ 550 C, ash content @ 900 C were 1607.96, �65 C, 505, 36.3 and 72.0, respectively. pH of the sample was about neutral i.e. 7.3 and rest parameters such as sulphates, chlorides, organic halogens, cobalt ,cadmium, iron, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, zinc were below desirable limit. On the basis of analysis of marc (solid waste of process), it is proposed that co-processing for the disposal of opium marc is more suitable, economical and feasible. Keywords: Opium marc, solid waste, co-processing, physicochemical parameters, composition. IntroductionSolid waste management programmes are driven by a desire to keep clean environment in the hope of promoting sound environmental quality and public health. For best solid waste management programmes, complete understanding of physicochemical parameters of wastes is required, which in turn will govern their behavior in the environment. Therefore, these parameters serve as proxy indicators of which waste management options would be most suitable for adoption in the implementation of a solid waste programme for an industry1-8. The study was, therefore, undertaken to generate scientific information on both physical and chemical composition of solid waste opium marc from the Govt. Opium and Alkaloids Works, Neemuch. Opium marc is the solid waste of process, falls under stream 28.1 of schedule I of hazardous wastes (management, handling and transboundary movement) rules 2008. Material and Methods Field Survey: To evaluate the present situation of Solid Waste Management in Govt. Opium and Alkaloids Works, Neemuch, MP, India and examine the problems, the author visited the factory. The location where opium marc was dumped was examined. Since opium marc is a solid waste of process which according to rules comes under the category of hazardous waste, one could not collect the sample without MPPCB permission. So, Analysis report regarding composition of opium marc was obtained from the factory. Physicochemical Analysis of Opium Marc: The sample opium marc was analyzed for the following physicochemical parameters which includes physical state, color, odor, texture, Paint Filter Liquid Test (PFLT), specific gravity, calorific value, flash point, moisture content, LOD @ 105C, LOI @ 550C, ash content @ 900C, pH, sulphates, chlorides, organic halogens, cobalt, cadmium, iron, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, zinc. Results and Discussion The sample opium marc was analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Results are shown in table 1. The results indicate that the brown solid lumps of opium marc sample pass the PFLT and have specific gravity 0.73. The calorific value, flash point, moisture content, LOD @ 105 C, LOI @ 550 C, ash content @ 900C were 1607.96, �65 C, 505, 36.3 and 72.0, respectively. pH of the sample was about neutral i.e. 7.3 and rest parameters such as sulphates, chlorides, organic halogens, cobalt, cadmium, iron, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, zinc were below desirable limit. Conclusion Co-processing of opium marc (hazardous waste) in a cement kiln can be effective, environmental friendly, energy recovering and safe technology for management of hazardous waste. Due to very high temperature, oxygen rich atmosphere and long residence time, the co-processing of all sorts of high calorific value hazardous waste completely absorbs the energy of waste without any deleterious emission9,10. Therefore, from the present investigation we can conclude that process of co-processing for the disposal of opium marc is more suitable, economical and feasible. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 3(7), 79-80, July (2014) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 80 Table-1 Assessment of the opium marc sample Parameter Unit Method of Analysis Result HW (MandH) Rules Schedule II Physical State - - Solid Not Specified Colour - - Brown Not Specified Odour - - No odour Not Specified Texture - - Lumps Not Specified PFLT (Paint Filter Liquid Test) - SW 846 9095 A Pass Passes Specific Gravity g/cm 3 ASTM-D 5057-90 0.73 Not Specified Calorific Value cal/g IS:1350 Part II-1970 1607.96 2500 cal/g Flash Point o C SW 846 1020 A �65.0 o C �65.0 LOD @ 105 ° C % APHA 2540 5.5 Not Specified LOI @ 550 ° C % APHA 2540 36.3 20% Ash content @ 900 ° C % APHA 2540 72.0 Not Specified pH ( At room temp.) - SW 846 9045 C 7.3 �4 to 12 Sulphates as SO 4 2 - mg/kg APHA 4500 SO 4 2 - - E 157.66 Not Specified Chlorides as Cl - mg/kg APHA 4500 Cl - - B 1649.46 Not Specified Organic halogens mg/kg SW 846 5050 and 9253 1413.5 Not Specified Cadmium as Cd mg/L SW 846 7130 BDL * 0.2 Total Chromium as Cr mg/L SW 846 7190 BDL * Not Specified Cobalt as Co mg/L SW 846 7200 0.4 Not Specified Copper as Cu mg/L SW 846 7210 BDL * 10 Iron as Fe mg/L SW 846 7380 0.3 Not Specified Lead as Pb mg/L SW 846 7420 1.39 2.0 Nickel as Ni mg/L SW 846 7520 BDL * 3.0 Zinc as Zn mg/L SW 846 7950 0.1 10 *below desirable limitAcknowledgement The author is thankful to Government Opium and Alkaloid Factories, New Delhi and Govt. Opium and Alkaloids Works, Neemuch, MP for giving permission to carry out my research project. UGC is also thankfully acknowledged for financial support. References1.Rajput R., Prasad G. and Chopra A.K., Scenario of solid waste management in present Indian context, Caspian J. Env. Sci., 7(1), 45-53 (2009) 2.Shinde V.A. and More S.M., Study of Physicochemical Characterization of Lonar Lake Effecting Biodiversity Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2(12), 25-28 (2013)3.Bundela P.S., Pandey A.K., Jamaluddin, Awasthi A.K. and Pandey P., Evaluation of Physicochemical parameter of municipal solid waste leachate at Jabalpur, Int. J. Pl. An. and Env. Sci., 2(1), 223-226 (2012)4.Bundela P.S., Sharma A., Pandey A.K., Pandey P. and Awasthi A.K., Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water Near Municipal Solid Waste Dumping Sites In Jabalpur, Int. J. Pl. An. and Env. Sci., 2(1), 217-222 (2012)5.S\nomczyska B. and S\nomczyski T., Physico-Chemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Leachates from MSW Landfills, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 13(6), 627-637 (2004) 6.Shirbhate N. and Malode S.N., Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Survey and Physicochemical Analysis of Contaminated Soil from Sukali Compost and Landfill Depot, Batkuli Road, Amravati, Global J. Biosci. Biotech., 1(2), 215-219 (2012) 7.Shyamala D.C, Belagali S.L., Studies on Variations in Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics at Different Maturity Stages of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2(4), 1984-1997 (2012) 8.Pathak A.K., Singh M.M., Kumar V., Arya S. and Trivedi A.K., Assessment of physico- chemical properties and microbial community during composting of municipal solid waste (Viz. KItchen waste) at Jhansi City, U.P. (India), Rec. Res. Sci. Tech., 4(4), 10-14 (2012)9.Bundela P.S., Chakrawarty M. and Gautam S.P., Co-Processing Trial of Spent Carbon at Wadi Cement Works Karnataka, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 6(4), 371-378 (2010) 10.Gautam S.P., Bundela P.S., Jain R.K. and Padmanabhan V., Co-Incineration Of Textile ETP Sludge In Captive Power House Boiler, Rec. Res. Sci. Tech., 3(4), 105-113 (2011)