@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Ethnoveterinary Practices by Livestock Owners in Animal Fair at Pushkar, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Manoj@Yadav,Ekta@Gupta<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-174.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>4/8/2013<#LINE#>17/2/2014<#LINE#>Majority of the cattle owners in Rajasthan belong to tribal areas or villages. These areas or villages are still lacking modern healthcare facilities. This is true for veterinary healthcare too. Also, these people are less economically endowed so they rely on traditional methods of veterinary practices which are mostly based on plants or their parts to treat the various ailments of animals. Our present paper deals with ethno veterinary practices used by livestock owners at Pushkar animal fair for the well-being and good health of their cattle. These practices involve the use of plants as well as their products for the treatment of livestock diseases.  <#LINE#> @ @ McCorkle C.M., An introduction to ethnoveterinary research and development, J. Ethnobiol, 6(1), 129-49 (1986) @No $ @ @ McCorkle C.M., Mathias-Mundy E. and Schillhorn Van Veen T.W., Ethnoveterinary Research and Development, (IT Publications) (1996) @No $ @ @ Prashant Kumar Singh, Shivam Singh, Vinod Kumar and Alok Krishna, Ethnoveterinary Healthcare Practices in Marihan Sub-Division of District Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Life Sciences Leaflets, 16, 561-569 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wanzala W., Zessin K.H., Kyule N.M., Baumann M.P.O., Mathias E. and Hassanali A., Ethnoveterinary medicine: a critical review of its evolution, perception, understanding and the way forward, Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17(11), 1-29 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Ethno-veterinary practices: A boon for improving indigenous cattle productivity in Gaushalas, Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19(6), 1-5 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sri Balaji, N and Vikrama Chakravarthi, P., Ethnoveterinary Practices in India-A Review, Veterinary World, 3(12), 549-551 (2010) @No $ @ @ Praveen Galav, Anita Jain S.S. Katewa and Ambika Nag, Animal healthcare practices by livestock owners at Pushkar animal fair,Rajasthan, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(3), 581-584 (2010) @No $ @ @ Priyadarsan S.S., Herbal veterinary medicines in an ancient Sanskrit work – The Garuda Purana, Ethnobotany, , 83 (1991) @No $ @ @ Mazars G,  Veterinary medicines in ancient and medieval India, Studies His Med Sci, 16(1-2), 27-36 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lalit Tiwari and P C Pande, Ethnoveterinary medicines in Indian perspective : Reference to Uttarakhand, Himalaya, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(3),  611-617 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mathias E, Perezygrovas R, Application of Ethnoveterinary medicine- where do we stand ? In Proceedings of the International Conference on   Ethnoveterinary Medicine Alternatives for Livestock Development : 4-6 November 1997 ; Development Research Foundation, Pune, India Edited by Mathias E, Ragnekar DV, Mc-Corkle CM. (1998) @No $ @ @ Pal D.C. Observation on folklore plants used in veterinary medicine in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa –II In : Maheshwari, J.K.,G. Kunkel, M.M. Bhandari and J.A.Duke (eds.),Ethnobotany in India J. Econ. Tax. Bot. (Addl. Ser. 10) 137 p. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur (1992) @No $ @ @ Pal D.C., Plants used in treatment of cattle and birds among tribals of Eastern India In: Jain,S.K.(ed.) Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany, 245 Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi (1981) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.S. and Raju V.S., Folk biomedicine for common veterinary diseases in Nalgonda district , Andhra Pradesh, India, Ethnobotany, 12, 113 (2000) @No $ @ @ Shah R., Pandey P.C. and Tiwari L., Traditional veterinary herbal medicines of western part of Almora district, Uttarakhand Himalaya,  Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 7(2), 355 (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh K.K. and Kumar K. : Observation on ethnoveterinary medicine among the Gaddi tribe of Kangara Valley, Himachal Pradesh , Ethnobotany, 12(42),(2000) @No $ @ @ Ghosh A., Ethnoveterinary medicines from the tribal areas of Bankura and Medinipur districts, West Bengal, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 1(1), 93 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K., Ethnoveterinary recipes in India –A botanical analysis , Ethnobotany, 15(23),(2003) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K., Dictionary of Ethnoveterinary Plants of India, (Deep Publications, New Delhi), (1999) @No $ @ @ Srivastava GN, Hasan SA, Bagchi GD and Kumar Sushil, Indian Traditional Veterinary Medicinal Plants , (Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow ) (2000) @No $ @ @ Geerlings E : Sheep husbandry and ethnoveterinary knowledge of Raika sheep pastoralists in Rajasthan, India , In MSc thesis, University of Wageningen (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar Ashwani and Kumar Manoj, Contribution of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Conservation of Biodiversity of Central Rajasthan, International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science,1(2), 118-127 (2011) @No $ @ @ Takhar H.K. and Chaudhary B.L., Folk herbal veterinary medicines of southern Rajasthan, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 3(4), 407-418 (2004) @No $ @ @ Katewa S.S. and Chaudhary B.L., Etrhnoveterinary survey of plants of Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, Vasundhara, , 95 (2000) @No $ @ @  Katewa S.S. and Jain Anita: Traditional Folk Herbal Medicines (Apex Publishing House, Jaipur) (2006) @No $ @ @ Yadav M., Yadav A. and Gupta E.; Ethno Veterinary Practices in Rajasthan, India- A Review, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 80-82 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Investigation of the activity of sawdust as biosorbent towards Cr (VI) removal from waste water: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies<#LINE#>Mohammad@Ilyas,Aziz@Ahmad,Zahid Ali@Ghazi,M.@Sohail,Muhammad@Arif,ZiaUllah@Khan<#LINE#>5-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-31.pdf<#LINE#> NCE in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KPK, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>12/2/2014<#LINE#>17/3/2014<#LINE#>Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions by Ziziphus mauritiana (Indian jujube) sawdust biosorbent (ZMSDB) was studied in a batch mode technique. The effect of pH (2-7), contact time (10-360 minutes), temperature (293-313 K) and biosorbent dosage (0.2-1.0 g) was investigated for Cr (VI) uptake. Maximum removal of Cr (VI) was found at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Equilibrium was established in 360 minutes. The adsorption rate was best described by pseudo-second order equation. Langmuir adsorption isotherm determines the adsorption equilibrium and the monolayer adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) was found to be 3.66 mg g-1 at 313 K. The values of separation factor, R, was in flanked by 0.019 -0.0557 which pointed out constructive exclusion of Chromium (VI) over ZMSDB. Thermodynamic parameters (H, G and S) values exposed the endothermic biosorption of Cr (VI) on ZMSDB, no-spontaneity and low entropy in nature. <#LINE#> @ @ Moral B., Singh D. and Garg K., chromium (VI) desorbtion by low botanical wastes,  J.Haz.. Mat.,171, 83-92 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rana M.S. and  David D., Use of naturally available low cost adsorbents for removal of Cr (VI) from waste water,  Int. J. Chem. Sci. Appli.,2, 65-69 (2010) @No $ @ @ Geng B., Jin Z. and Tielong L., Kinetics of hexavalent chromium removal from water by chitosan-Fenanoparticles, Chemosphere, 75, 825-83 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sahranavard M., Ahmadpour A. and Doost M.R.., Biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions using almond green hull as a low-cost biosorbent,  Eur. J. Sci. Rese58, 392-400 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gopal K. and Dubey S.P., Cr (VI) Deposition on stumpy charge adsorbents resulting from undeveloped squander stuff: A comparative study, J. Hazard. Mater, 145, 465-470 (2007) @No $ @ @ Osman H.E., Badwy R.K. and Ahmad H.F., Usage of some agricultural by-products in the removal of some heavy metals from industrial waste waters, J. Phyt, 2, 51-62 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abdullah M.A. and Prasad A.G.D., Kinetic and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by potato peel waste, Int.  J. Chem. Eng. Res.,1, 51-62 ( 2009) @No $ @ @ Pattabhi S., Manonmani S. and Selvaraj K.,  Cr (VI) Amputation by means of SiO, Biores.Technol, 89, 207-211 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kadirvelu K., Selvi K. and Pattabhi S.K.,  Capability of Functionalized Carbon to capture Chromium (VI) from water, Biores.Technol.,8087-97 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sharma N. and Tiwari A., Capacity of Nano Fe using PAA as matrix in Removal Pb2+ Ions from Water, Int. Res. J. Enviro. Sci.,1(5), 6-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh A. and Singh D.,  Cd Contaminated Water treatment via Chitosan, Int. Res. J. Enviro. Sci.,1(5), 81-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Babu B. and Gupta S., Tamarind seeds effect on the adsorption of Chromium (VI), International conference Proceedings 11ChE,India 27-30, Dec. (2006) @No $ @ @ Park H. and Tavlarides L.L., Adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using an imidazole functionalized adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 3401-3409 (2008) @No $ @ @ Anandkumar J. and Mandal B., Adsorption of Cr (VI) and Rhodamine B by surface modified tannery waste: kinetic, mechanistic and thermodynamic studies, J. Hazard  Mater, 186, 1088-1096 (2011) @No $ @ @ Karthika C. and  Sekar M., Removal of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solution by acid acrylic resin A Study through Adsorption isotherms Analysis,  I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(1), 34-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ Modelski S. and Szafran R.G., Heavy metals uptake via simple routes,  Desl., 265126-134 (2011) @No $ @ @ Das N., Pertinent loom for exploring sawdust capacity of chromium (VI) ions, Int. J. Env. Sci. Tec.,7, 85-92 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hasan S.H., Singh K.K.  and Prakash,  Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural wastes maize bran,  J. Hazard. Mater, 152, 356-365  (2008) @No $ @ @ Tewari N., Vasudevan P. and Guha B.K., Study on biosorption of Cr (VI) by Mucor hiemalis, Biochem. Eng. J., 23, 185192 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sulak M.T. and Demirbas E., A facile dumping of Chromium in hazelnut shells, Chemi. Engi. J., 148, 480-487 (2009) @No $ @ @ Baral S.S., Das S.N. and Rath P., Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust, Biochem.  Eng. J., 31, 216-222 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Diversity of Actinobacteria in Mangrove Ecosystem of Muthupet, India<#LINE#>E.@Priya,R.@Thenmozhi,A.@Nagasathya,N.@Thajuddin,G.@Muralitharan<#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-32.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, JJ College of Arts and Science (A), Namunasamudram, Sivapuram, Pudukkottai- 622422, Tamilnadu, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Govt Arts College for women, Pudukkottai-   622001, Tamilnadu, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli-24, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>12/2/2014<#LINE#>8/3/2014<#LINE#>Totally 57 actinobacteria isolates were obtained from four sediment samples collected from four different seasons (pre monsoon, post monsoon, summer and monsoon) of Palk Strait region situated along the, South East coast of India. Among them, 6 dominant isolates in all seasons were found to be morphologically identified on the basis of color of front mycelium and reverse side color formation and sporophore morphology. The primary identification of this isolates were based on biochemical and physiological characteristics of the isolated strains. Furthermore, the analysis of nucleotide sequence of the 16SrRNA sequencing. Six isolates were assigned to the actinobacteria Streptomyces niveoruber, S.heliomycini, S.flavomacrosporus, Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes, L.flava   andDactylosporancium vinaceum. <#LINE#> @ @ Kathiresan K., Orissa coast: a global paradise for mangroves, Proc.  Symposium on wetland and mangrove biodiversity in Orissa coast, 7-12 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kathiresan   K and Bingham. B.L., Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems, Advances in Marine Biology., 40, 81-251 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hopwood D.A., Therapeutic treasures from the deep,. Nature Chemical Biology, 3, 457- 458 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wright   J.M.,The production of antibiotics in soil, 111,Production of gliotoxin in wheat straw buried in Soil, Annals of Applied Biology, 44, 461- 466 (1956) @No $ @ @ Newman D.J and  Cragg M.G., Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years, J Nat Prod.,70, 461- 477 (2007) @No $ @ @ Solanki R. Khanna M.  and Lal R., Bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes, Indian J. Microbiol, 48, 410-431 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kuster E. and Williams S. T., Selection of media for isolation of streptomycetes, Nature, 202, 928- 929 (1994) @No $ @ @ Pridham T. G., Colour and streptomycetes. Report of an international workshop on determination of colour of streptomycetes, Appl. Microbiol., 13, 43–61 (1965) @No $ @ @ Pridham T.G. and Gottlieb D.,The utilization of carbon compounds by some Actinomycetales as an aid for  species determination, J. Bacteriol, 56, 107-114 (1948) @No $ @ @ Pospiech A. and Neumann B., A versatile quick- prep of genomic DNA from gram positive bacteria. Trends in Genetics, 11, 217-218 (1995) @No $ @ @ Thompson J., Gibson T., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D., The CLUSTAL_X windows interface:  flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids  Res, 25, 4876- 4882 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S., MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA)  software version 4.0,Mol Bio Evol , 24,1596-1599 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar K., Actinomycetes of an Indian mangrove (Pitchavaram) environment; an inventory Ph.D.\ Thesis, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu,  125 (2001) @No $ @ @ Okazaki T. and Okami Y., Studies on Marine Microorganisms.II: Actinomycetes  in   Sagami Bay and their antibiotic substances, The J.Antibiotic.,25, 461 - 466 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sahoo K. and Dhal N.K., Potential microbial diversity in mangrove ecosystems: A review, Indian J. Marine Science,138, 249 – 256 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vanajakumar K. selvakumar N.  and Natarajan N., Antagonistic properties of    actinomycetes isolated from  mollusks of the porto Novo region, South India. In M.F.Thompson, R. Sarojini and R.Nagabhushanan, (eds). Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, 267 – 274(1991) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar S.and Suganthi P., Biodiversity of Actinomycetes along South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India,  World Appl. Science Journal,, 119 – 24 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Spatial Characteristics of Drought Duration and Severity in the Upper Tana Basin, Kenya<#LINE#>F. Agwata@Jones<#LINE#>18-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-37.pdf<#LINE#>* Centre for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, KENYA <#LINE#>19/2/2014<#LINE#>31/3/2014<#LINE#>Drought is a recurring hazard in many countries of Africa, and Kenya is thus no exception. In the majority of the countries in the continent, drought affects agriculture, since it is predominantly rain-fed and is the mainstay of the economies in these countries. Various socioeconomic activities are highly prone to the impacts of drought. Since drought will always occur, there is and will always be need for understanding its various manifestations to ensure that the effects associated with its occurrence are managed in a sustainable manner. This study examined the spatial characteristics of drought duration and severity in the Upper Tana Basin (UTB) of Kenya using discharge records from twenty two river gauge stations (RGSs) in the basin. Drought duration and severity data were extracted from the discharge records using the runs analysis technique and the data series subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) from which common factors for the two drought events were examined. Results showed that drought duration and severity had distinct spatial patterns in the basin. The two drought events were explained using four significant principal factors that cumulatively explained nearly 59 percent variance for drought duration and 56 percent of variance for drought severity in the basin. The spatial patterns of the factor loadings for drought duration showed large meridional patterns with anomalies confined to the eastern and southeast parts of the basin. For drought severity, the spatial patterns of the factor loadings portrayed a zonal pattern reflecting differences in the relief features between the western and eastern parts of the basin. The spatial characteristics of the drought events may be used to plan for different land use activities in the basin. <#LINE#> @ @ Sugirtharam M. and Venuthasan T., Farmers’ Awareness on Climate Change Related Issues at Some Irrigable Areas of Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(2), 29-32 (2102) @No $ @ @ Eriyagama N., Smakhtin V., Chandrapala L. and Fernando K., Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability Mapping: International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-56 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sudhir J.I. and Tadiparti M.C., Linkage between Cyclonic storms, Geomagnetic storms, Sunspot numbers and Climate Change: Short Communication, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 100-103 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hiremath D.B. and Shiyani R.L., Adapting Gujarat to Climatic Vulnerabilities: The Road Ahead, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(5), 38-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shalini T.A., Pandey A.C. and Natharawat M.S., Groundwater Level and Rainfall Variability Trend Analysis Using GIS in parts of Jharkhand State (India) for Sustainable Management of Water Resources, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 1(4), 24-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak N.B. and Mankodi P.C., Hydrological Status of Danteshwar Pond, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci., 2(1), 43-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Smakhtin V.U., Low flow Hydrology: A review, Journal of Hydrology, 240, 147-186 (2001) @No $ @ @ UNEP/GoK, Devastating Drought in Kenya: Environmental Impacts and Responses, , UNEP, Nairobi. 76PP (2000) @No $ @ @ Child D., Essentials of Factor Analysis, Cassel Educational Ltd, London, 87-120 (1990) @No $ @ @ Clausen B. and Pearson P., Regional Frequency Analysis of Annual Maximum Streamflow Drought, Journal of Hydrology, 173, 111-130 (1995) @No $ @ @ Panu U.S. and Sharma T.C., Challenges in Drought Research: some perspectives and future directions, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 47(S), S19-S30 (2002) @No $ @ @ Horel J.D., Complex Principal Component Analysis: Theory and Examples, Journal of Climatology and Appied Meteoroogy, 23, 1660-1672 (1984) @No $ @ @ Richman M.B., Rotation of Principal Components, Journal of Climatology, 6, 293-335 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kaiser H.F., Computer Programmes for Varimax Rotation in Factor Analysis, Educ. Psych. 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Soc., 95, 576-593 (1969) @No $ @ @ Agwata J.F., Wamicha W.N. and Ondieki C.M., Regionalization of the Upper Tana Basin of Kenya using Stream flow Records, Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 4(2, 75-84 (2007) @No $ @ @ Indeje M., Semazzi H.M. and Ogallo L.J., ENSO Signals in East African Rainfall Seasons, International Journal of Climatology, 20, 19-46 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ogallo L.J., The Spatial and Temporal Patterns of the East African Seasonal Rainfall derived from Principal Component Analysis, International Journal of Climatology, 9, 145-167 (1989) @No
<#LINE#>Feeding Guilds of Avifauna of Gharana Wetland Reserve-Jammu (J&K), India<#LINE#>A.@Pandotra,D.N.@Sahi<#LINE#>27-33<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-42.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006), J&K, INDIA <#LINE#>2/3/2014<#LINE#>15/3/2014<#LINE#>An avian survey was carried out in Gharana wetland reserve from Jan 2012 to Jan 2014 to record the avifaunal diversity and their feeding guilds. Gharana wetland Reserve  is one of the most important wetland reserve of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state and serves as feeding, roosting and wintering grounds for large number of migratory water birds during their palaeartic to oriental migration. It lies between 3236’ 51.52” N latitude and 7438’58.15E longitudes. The study documents 57 species of birds. Feeding guilds were divided into 6 major categories viz carnivorous, grainivorous, frugivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, herbivorous. The highest number of bird species was observed to utilize more than one feeding guild followed by carnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous, grainivorous, omnivorous and frugivorous. The gharana wetland provides a rich feeding ground to both migratory as well as resident birds. <#LINE#> @ @ Pradhan R.N etal., Checklist of Birds in and around Ansupa lake, Odisha, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(11) 9-12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tripathy M., Biodiversity of Chilka and its conservation, Odisha, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(5) 54-57(2012) @No $ @ @ Mitsch W.J. and Gosselink J.G., Wetlands Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 10), 071699675 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zakaria M.M.N. Raipar and S.A. Sajap, species diversity and feeding guilds of birds in Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, International Journal of Zoological Research., 5(3), 86-100 (2009) @No $ @ @ Safari D., Mulongo G. Byarugaba D. and Tumwesigye W., Impact of human activities on the quality of water in Nyaruzinga Wetland of Bushenyi District- Uganda, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4) 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Root R.B., The Niche exploitation pattern of Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher, Ecological monographs 37 (4), 317-350 (1967) @No $ @ @ Ghazoul J. and Hellier A., Setting limits to ecological indicators of sustainable tropical forestry International, Forestry Rev (2), 243-253 (2000) @No $ @ @ Johns A.D., Responses of Amazion rainforest birds to habitat modification, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 7(4), 417-437 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sale J.B. and Berkmuller K., Manual of Wildlife techniques for India, Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, Dehradun (1988) @No $ @ @ Verner J., Assessment of counting chniques, Current Ornithology, (2), 247-302 (1985) @No $ @ @ Ali, S. and Repley, S.D., Handbook of Birds of India and Pakistan, Compact Edition, Oxford University Press, Bombay, (1983) @No $ @ @ Bates R.S.P, and Lowther E.H.H., Breeding Birds of Kashmir, Oxford Univ. Press, London (1952) @No $ @ @ Grewal B., Harvey B. and Pfister O., A photographic guide to the Birds of India, Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd., Singapore, (2002) @No $ @ @ Grimmett R., Inskipp C. and Inskipp T., Birds of Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press, Delhi (1998) @No $ @ @ Johns, A.D., Responses of Amazion rainforest birds to habitat modification, Journal of Tropical Ecology 7 (4), 417-437 (1991) @No $ @ @ Koul S. and Sahi, Feeding ecology of House Crow (Corvus splendens) in open Agricultural fields in Jammu (J&K), India,  Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(6) 85-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wilson, J.B., Guilds, functional types and ecological groups, Oikoo86 (3), 507-522. (1999) @No $ @ @ Anthal A. and Sahi D.N., Food and feeding ecology of Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striatus sindianus (Ticehurst) in District Jammu (J&K), India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(7) 54-57 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Primary Productivity in Lentic Water Bodies of Bhadravathi Taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>@AjayanK.V.,T.@ParameswaraNaik<#LINE#>34-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-43.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Studies and Research in Botany, Karnataka State Women’s University-Bijapur-586108, Karnataka, INDIA Department of Botany and Seed Technology, Sahydri Science College (Auto), Kuvempu University, Shivamogga- 577203-Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>3/3/2014<#LINE#>11/3/2014<#LINE#>Phytoplankton primary productivity study is inevitable for the assessment of productivity of any aquatic systems. A comprehensive study was conducted for the period of two years from May 2010 to April 2012 in selected four lentic water bodies of Bhadravathi Taluk. The results were shown the productivity of four stations dynamic in their seasonal and annual means. Phosphate is limiting factor for determine the gross primary productivity in Siddapura Lake, it always have high productivity hence phosphate has highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.66) however, in Koppa Lake is less productivity in both years and have negative correlation (r=-0.63, r=-0.53). Nitrites was significant positive correlation (r=0.55, r=0.59) with gross primary productivity in Siddapura Lake and Koppa Lake and but in case of Koppa Lake, the phosphate is limiting factor. An attempt was taken the correlation coefficient of gross primary productivity with biomass of phytoplankton. Chlorophyll–a (biomass) highly significant positive correlation no more than in Kodihosure Lake (r=0.61, p>0.01); chlorophyll-b, highly positive correlation with gross primary productivity in Siddapura Lake (r = 0.36, p>0.05); Kodihosure Lake (r = 0.59, p>0.01) whereas, the chlorophyll-c content had not seen positive or negative correlations with gross primary productivity. The remarkable fact found to be noticed, the Devanarasipura Lake and Koppa Lake had not have any significant correlations with Chl.a, Chl.b and Chl.c. The primary productivity studies of phytoplankton in lentic water of Bhadravathi taluk is crucial for aqua cultural activities and management preferably in land fisheries.  <#LINE#> @ @ Odum E.P., Fundamental of Ecology. W.B. Sunders, Toppan Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (1971) @No $ @ @ Bootsma H.A. and Hecky R.E., Conservation of the African Great Lakes: A limnological perspective, Conserv. Biol. (Special Issue)., , 644656 (1993) @No $ @ @ Carr M.E., A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color. Deep-Sea ResearchII, 741-770 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dzik J., Dzieje ycia na Ziemi. Wprowadzenie do paleobiologii, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa (2003) @No $ @ @ Reynolds C.S., The response of phytoplankton communities to changing lake environments, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 49, 220 (1987) @No $ @ @ Arhonditsis G.B., Winder M., Brett M.T. and Schindler D.E., Patterns and mechanisms of phytoplankton variability in Lake Washington (USA), Water Research, 38, 4013 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mukul Sinha, Sadguru Prakash and Khalid Ansari K., Seasonal dynamics of Phytoplankton population in relation to abiotic factors of a fresh water pond developed from wasteland of Brick-klin, Asian J. Microbiology Biotech. Env. Sci.,4(1), 43-45 (2002) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G., Limnology. 2ed, Saunders Co., Philadelphia USA 767 (1983) @No $ @ @ Patrick R., The effects of increasing light and temperature in the structure of diatom communities. Limnol. Oceanography., 16(2), 405-421 (1971) @No $ @ @ Feresin E.G., Arcifa M.S., Silva L.H.S. and Esguicero A.L.H., Primary productivity of the phytoplankton in a tropical Brazilian shallow lake: experiment in the lake and in mesocosms, Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 22(4), 384-396 (2010) @No $ @ @ Fatima K., Rajashekher M., Gayathri V.K., Ratandeep and Baburrao M., Primary productivity in inland reservoirs, Gulbarga district, Karnataka, South India, J of Ecol and Envi Scie.,2(1), 11-14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Uveges V., Voros L., Padisak J. and Kovacs A.W., Primary production of epipsammic algal communities in Lake Balaton (Hungary), Hydrobiologia, 660, 17-27 (2011) @No $ @ @ Devi Moirangthem Banita, DasTapati and Gupta Susmita., Limnological Studies of Temple Ponds in Cachar District, Assam, North East India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10), 49-57 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav Janeshwar, Pathak R.K. and Khan Eliyas, Analysis of Water Quality using Physico-Chemical Parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, MP, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(1), 9-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma K.K., Sharma R., Langer S. and Bangotra K., Phytoplankton as a Tool of Biomonitoring of Behlol Nullah, Jammu (J&K), India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(6), 54-6  (2013) @No $ @ @ Irfan Khursheed Shah and Humaira Shah, Physico-Chemical Dynamics in Littoral Zone of Nageen Basin of Dal Lake, Kashmir, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(3), 11-14 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G. and Linkens G.E., Limnological Analyses, 2 ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 391, 15-166 (1991) @No $ @ @ Bootsma H.A. and Hecky R.E., Conservation of the African Great Lakes: A limnological perspective. Conserv. Biol. (Special Issue),, 644-656 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sheehan J.P., Effects of pollutants on community and ecosystem structure and dynamics, John Wiley Sons Ltd., New York, 51-99 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim A.M., Abd El-Hakim N.F., Nagdy Z.A. and Ali N.A., Effect of fish pond fertilization systems on water physico-chemical properties and phyto and zooplankton communities, (Ain Shams Univ.), J. Environ. Sci., 7(1), 107-133 (2003) @No $ @ @ Goldman C.R. and Jassby A., Spring mixing depth as a determinant of annual primary production in lakes, In M. M. Tilzer and Serruya C. (eds)., Large Lakes: Ecological Structure and Function, Springer-Verlag, NY., 125-13 (1990) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay C. and Banerjee T.C., Water Temperature and Primary Production in the Euphotic Zone of a Tropical Shallow Freshwater Lake, Asian J. Exp. Sci.,22(1), 103-108 (2008) @No $ @ @ Alvarez-Cobelas M. and Rojo C., Hypertrophic phytoplankton and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, Hydrobiologia, (1992) @No $ @ @ Hutchinson G.E., A Treatise on Limnology.Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA 660 (1967) @No $ @ @ D’Elia C.F., Sanders J.G. and Boynton W.R., Nutrient enrichment studies in a coastal plain estuary: phytoplankton growth in large-scale, continuous cultures, Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,43, 397-406 (1986) @No $ @ @ Verity P.G., Grazing of phototrophic nanoplankton by micro zooplankton in Narragansett Bay,  Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,29, 105-115(1986) @No
<#LINE#>Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Chromium Reducing Bacteria from Hudiara Drain Sludge<#LINE#>Nisar@Numrah,Iqbal@Hafsa<#LINE#>42-50<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-58.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Jail road, Lahore PAKISTAN<#LINE#>13/3/2014<#LINE#>21/3/2014<#LINE#>In the past few decades, the environmental pollution of toxic heavy metals is the major issue throughout the world since industrial evolution. Heavy metals found in wastewater are harmful to the environment and their effects on biological system are very severe. Chromium is one of these heavy metals whose concentration in the environment is increasing due to different industrial processes. There are two inorganic forms, Cr (VI) and Cr (III), in which chromium exists in nature. Cr (VI) is a serious environmental pollutant. A variety of microorganisms have been known for their ability to degrade these heavy metals. The current study aimed to isolate chromium reducing microorganism from Hudiara drain sludge. Among all the species diversity in sludge two isolated species (SP1 and SP2) were selected for further analysis based on their morphological characteristics. The isolated strains were identified through biochemical characterization. The species were characterized according to criteria given in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1984). The efficiency of two isolates for chromium reduction was also determined, which shows that SP1 show 65% reduction and SP2 show 53% reduction of chromium from the medium in 12 hours. This shows that Pseudomonas putida was efficient in reducing Cr (VI) than Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. <#LINE#> @ @ Faryal R., Yusuf M., Munil K., Tahir F. and Hameed A., Enhancement of Cr (VI) removal by Aspergillus niger RH1 using a Biofermenter, Pak. J. Bot, 39(5), 1873-1881 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khan M., Aslam H. and Khan N., Hudiara drain: A case of trans-boundary water pollution between India and Pakistan, Pakistan journal of biological sciences, 6(2),167-175 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yamin M. and Ahmad N., Influence of Hudiara Drain Water Irrigation on Trace metals, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage,11(2), 169–172 (2007) @No $ @ @ Elkarmi Ali, Abu-Elteen K. and Khader M. Modeling the biodegradation efficiency and growth of Pseudomonas alcaligenesutilizing 2,4-dichlorophenol as a carbon source Pre- and Post-exposure to UV radiation, Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(8), 7-11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bafubiandi F., Dlamini P. and Mamba B., Biosorption of cobalt and copper from hydrometallurgical solutions mediated by Pseudomonas sp. Hydrometallurgy Conference the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 101-110 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zayed A. and Terry N., Chromium in the environment: factors affecting biological remediation, Plant Soil, 249, 139–156 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kader J., Sannari P., Othman I. and Salmijah S., Reomoval of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by growing and non-growing populations of environmental bacterial consortia, Global Journal of Environmental Research, 1(2), 12-17 (2007) @No $ @ @ Narasimhulu K. and Rao S., Studies on removal of toxic metals from wastewater using PseudomonasSpecies, J. Engineering and Appl. Sci, 4(7), 58-63 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ray S. and Ray M., Bioremediation heavy metal toxicity with special references to chromium, J. Med. Sci., 2(2), 57-63 (2009) @No $ @ @ Francisco A., Alpoim C. and Morais V., Diversity of chromium resistant and reducing bacteria in a chromium contaminated activated sludge, J. Appl.Microbiol., 92(5),837-843 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jayalakshmi R. and Rama Chandra Rao V., Isolation, Screening and Molecular Characterization of Chromium Reducing Cr (VI) Pseudomonas Species, Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 3(1), 297-304 (2013) @No $ @ @ Poornima K., Karthik L., Swadhini P., Mythili S. and Sathiavelu A., Degradation of Chromium by Using Novel Strains of Pseudomonas Species, Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2(4), 95-99 (2010) @No $ @ @ Volesky B. Removal and recovery of heavy metals by biosorption. In: Biosorption of heavy metals (2nd Ed.). CRC press, Boston, USA, 34-54 (2010) @No $ @ @ MacWilliams R. Methods for general and molecular microbiology (3rd Ed.), ASM Press, Washington, 296-345 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ishibashi Y. and Cerventes C., Silvers, Chromium Reduction in Pseudomonas Putida, Appl Environ Microbiol., 56, 2268-2270 (1990) @No $ @ @ Wang Y., Microbial reduction of chromate, In Environmentally Microbe-Metal Interactions (3rd Ed.), American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, 225-235 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sundararajan T., Microbiology Laboratory Manual (2nd Ed.). Blackwel Science Press, London, 48-79 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jin E., Isolation and Expression of Chromium (VI) Reductase gene of heavy metal reducing bacteria into bacco plants. Thesis for Master of Science, Hallym University (1995) @No $ @ @ Das P. and Mishra S., Biodegradation of metallic carcinogenic hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) by indigenous isolated bacterial strains, Journal of carcinogensis,9(6),196-200 (2013) @No $ @ @ Cappuccino J. and Sherman N., In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals (2nd Ed.). Cummings publishing company, Benjamin, 521-531 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Abundance of Aquatic Entomo-fauna in Glacial fed Mountainous Goriganga River of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Ashok@Kumar<#LINE#>51-63<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-69.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Soban Singh Jeena Campus Almora, Uttarakhand-263601, INDIA<#LINE#>30/3/2014<#LINE#>1/4/2014<#LINE#>The present study was aimed to record the qualitative and quantitative abundance of aquatic entomofauna in glacial fed mountainous Goriganga River of Kumaun Himalaya from July, 2006 to June, 2008. Samples were collected from three sampling stations (sampling station 1-Jauljibi, 600msl; sampling station 2 -Baram 900msl and sampling station 3-Madkot 1300msl) which are extended in a river stretch of 44 Km. A total of 25 genera of aquatic insects (Ephemerella, Cinygmula, Baetisca, Ephemera, Iron, Megistocera, Tendipes, Antocha, Dixa, Simulium, Agabinus, stenocolus, Heterlimnius, Hydaticus, Laccobius, Hydropsyche, Hydroptela, Glossosoma, Perlomyia, Isoperla, Argia, Hagenius, Epicordulia, Argion, and Ophiogomphus) belonging to six orders (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Odonata)   were recorded at all the stations during 2006 to 2008. Monthly, seasonal, yearly and site wise variations (qualitatively as well as quantitatively) in zoo-bentic population including similarity and dissimilarity index have also been recorded and discussed in the present paper. <#LINE#> @ @ Mittermeier R.A., Fonseca G.A.B., Rylands A.B. and Mittermeier C.G., In: R.A. Mittermeier, P. Robles Gil and C.G. Mittermeier (Eds). Megadiversity: Mexico: 39-49 (1997) @No $ @ @ Dudgeon D., Tropical Asian Streams: Zoobenthos, Ecology and Conservation, Hong Kong University Press(1999) @No $ @ @ Merritt R.W., Cummins K.W. and Berg M.B., An introduction to aquatic insects of North America, 4thEdition;1158 (2008) @No $ @ @ Foil L.D., Tabanids as vectors of disease agents, Parasitol. Today, , 88-96 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chae S.N., Purstela N., Johnson E., Derock E., Lawler S.P. and Purstela E., Infection of aquatic insects with trematode metacercaria carrying Ehrilichia restricticii, the case of potamac house fever, J.Med. Entomol, 37, 619-625 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pahw D.V., Indian Journal of animal Science, 49, 212-219 (1979) @No $ @ @ Sharma R.C., Seasonal abundance of phytoplankton in the Bhagirathi river, Garhwal Himalaya, Indian J. Ecol., 12(1), 157-160 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sunder S. and Sulbla B.A., Macrobenthic Fauna of a Himalayan river, Indian Journal of Ecology, 13, 127-132 (1986) @No $ @ @ Bhatt S.D., Bisht Y. and Negi U., Ecology of limnofauna in the river Kosi of the Kumaun Himalaya (Uttar Pradesh), Proc. Natn. Sci.Acad., B, 50(4), 395-405 (1984) @No $ @ @ Dutta S.P.S. and Malhotra Y.R., Seasonal variations in the macrobenthic fauna of Dadigarh stream (Miran Sahib), Jammu, Inland J. Ecol., 13, 138-14 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sinha M.P., Pandey N. and Mehrotra P.N., Indian Zoologists, 13, 79-83 (1989) @No $ @ @ Pathani S. S., Fsih survey in relation to management of fishery resources in Kumaun Uttatanchal, Final Progress Report, UCOST, Dehradun (2008) @No $ @ @ Hynes H. B. N., The Ecology of Running Waters: Liverpool university press,Liverpool, 543 (1970) @No $ @ @ Gupta S., Dey S. and Purkayyastha P., Use of aquatic insects in water quality assessment of ponds around two cement factories of Assam, India., International research journal of Environmental Sciences,2(7), 15-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K. and Watts P., Biodiversity and abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates community of river Tawi in vicinity of Udhampur city (J&K) India, International research journal of Environmental Sciences,2(5), 17-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Welch P. S. Limnology, Mc Graw, Hill Co. Book Company, New Yrk. 538(1952) @No $ @ @ Ward H.B. and Whipple G.C., Fresh Water Biology, In W.T. Edmondson (Ed.), 2nd Wiley, New York., 1248(1959) @No $ @ @ Pennak R.W., In: Fresh water invertebrates of United states, John Willey and Sons New York,(1978) @No $ @ @ Tonapi G.T., Fresh Water Animals of India: An Ecological Approach, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi (1980) @No $ @ @ Sharma K.K., Langer S. and Sharma R., water quality and macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of Behol nullah, Jammu (J&K), International research journal of Environmental Sciences,5(3&4), 111-115 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dobriyal A. K., Ecology of limno-fauna in the small streams and their importance to the village life of Garhwal Himalayas, Uttar Pradesh J. Zool, 5(2) 139-144 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sehgal K. LDistributional pattern, structural odifications and diversity of benthic biota in mountain streams of NW Himalaya, In: Ecology of the Mountain Waters. (Eds.) Bhatt, S. D. Pandey, R. K. Aashish Publishing House, New Delhi, 198-250 (1991) @No $ @ @ Negi M., Phytobenthos of the hill stream Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. In: Advances in limnology, (Eds.) Singh, H. R.. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, 139-144 (1993) @No $ @ @ Jhingran A.G., Impact of environmental stress on fresh water fisheries resources, J.Inland fish. Soc. India, 23(2), 20-32 (1991) @No $ @ @ Pathani S.S., Upadhayay K.K. and Joshi S.K., Some Physico-chemical Parameters and Primary Productivity of river west Ramganga (Uttarnchal), Him. J. Env. Zool., 16(2), 151-158 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vass K.K. and Zultshi D.P., Energy flow, trophic evaluation and ecosystem management of Kashmir Himalayan lake, Arch. Hydrobiol. 97, 39-59 (1983) @No $ @ @ Vollenweider R.A., A manual on methods for measuring productivity in Aquatic Environment, I.B.P. Hand Book No. 12. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford and Edinburgh,(1969) @No $ @ @ Hynes H.B.N., The Ecology of Running Waters: Liverpool University Press. Liverpool,555(1979) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Enviornment al publications, Karda, 248(1986) @No $ @ @ Odum E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology, Natraj Publishers Dehradun., 574 (1971) @No $ @ @ Angradi T.R., Inter-habitat variation in benthic community structure function and organic matter storage in three (3) appalachian head water streams, J. Am. Benthos Lim. Soc., 15, 42-63 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hawkes H.A., River zonation and classification, In: River Ecology, (ed.) B. A. Whitton, Blackwell Sci. Publication, Oxford, 132-374 (1975) @No $ @ @ Whitton B.A., (Eds.) River Ecology, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, 711 (1975) @No $ @ @ Nautiyal P., Studies on the riverine ecology of torrential waters in the Indian uplands of the Garhwal region. III. Floristic and faunal survey, Trop. Ecol., 27, 157-165 (1986) @No $ @ @ Singh H.R., Nautiyal P., Dobriyal R.C., Pokhriyal R.C., Negi M., Baduni V., Nautiyal R., Agarwal N.K., Pautiyal P. and Gautam A., Water quality of river Ganga (Garhwal Himalaya), Acta Hydrobiologia, 36(1), 3-15 (1994) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay K.K., Productivity and energy flow in the Ramganga (W) river system in Kumaun Himalaya, Ph.D. Thesis Kumaun University Nainital (2002) @No $ @ @ Mahar S., Ecology of the suyal river of the Kumaun Himalaya, Ph.D. Thesis, K.U. Nainital (2002) @No $ @ @ Cummins K.W., Trophic Relations of Aquatic Insects,Ann. Rev. of Entomol., 18, 183-206 (1973) @No $ @ @ Balodi Y.P., Dobriyal A.K., Thaphyal A. and Bisht M.S., Benthic diversity and related ecologyical parameters in the hill stream Eastern Nayar of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal,  National Symposium on Status of India’s Faunistic Diversity & Environment, All India Congress of Zoology, Dec. 29-31, GKU-Hardwar, Abstract No. 122: 54 (2000) @No $ @ @ Negi M., Ecological studies of the Benthic Communities of the river Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. Ph.D. Thesis. H. B. N. Garhwal University, Srinagar,(1989) @No $ @ @ Negi M. Ecological studies of the Benthic Communities of the river Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. Ph.D. Thesis. H. B. N. Garhwal University, Srinagar, (1998) @No $ @ @ Rautela K.K., Kumar K., Bisht K.L., Joshi V.D., Negi K.S., Rautela A.S. and Dobriyal A.K., Ecological studies on biodiversity of river Khoh in the foot hills of Garhwal Himalayal, Part II : Macro-zoobenthic analysis, Aquaculture, 7(2),  277-283(2006) @No
<#LINE#>Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Nitrite in Water with 4-Aminophenylacetic Acid and Phloroglucinol<#LINE#>Deba Bahadur@Khadka,Anjeeta@Duwadi<#LINE#>64-69<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-75.pdf<#LINE#> Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>2/3/2014<#LINE#>7/4/2014<#LINE#>The developed method is simple, selective and sensitive and has been applied to various water samples for the determination of nitrite. This method is based on diazo coupling reaction, where 4-aminophenylacetic acid is reacted with nitrite in the presence of acid to form diazonium ion. This diazonium ion further reacted with phloroglucinol to form a stable yellow azo-dye. The formed azo-dye has absorption maxima at 420 nm. Various analytical parameters have been studied. The system obeys Lambert-Beer’s law in the range of 0.04-1.8 µg /ml. The correlation coefficient, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 0.998, 2.40×10 lit.mol-1cm-1 and 1.90×10-3 µg cm-2 respectively. Furthermore, the percentage recovery was found to be in the range of 92.9-103. Some of interference anion and cation was also tested. Although the interference due to foreign ions is negligible except copper and iron, the developed method should be further tested to eliminate such interfering ingredient in future. <#LINE#> @ @ Henery J.G. and Heinke G.W., Environmental Science and Engineering, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1996) @No $ @ @ Cox R.D. and Frank C.W., Determination of nitrate and nitrite in blood and urine by chemiluminescence,  J. Anal. Toxicol.,6(3), 148-152 (1982) @No $ @ @ Gabbay J., Almog Y., Davidson M. and Donagi A.E., Rapid spectrophotometric micro-determination of nitrites in water,  Analyst, 102,  371-376 (1997) @No $ @ @ Manzoori J.L., Sorouraddin M.H. and Haji-Shabani A.M.,  Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of carminic acid by bromate,  Talanta,46(6), 1379-1386 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dayananda B.P. and Revanasiddappa H.D., A facile analytical method for the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples, EJEAF Chem.,6(8), 2263-2271 (2007) @No $ @ @ Healeh M.I.H. and Korenaga T., Ion chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in human saliva, J. Chromatogr.,  744(2), 433-437 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kage S., Kudo K. and Ikeda N., Determination of nitrate in blood by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 742, 363-368 (2000) @No $ @ @ Butt S.B., Riaz M. and Iqbal M.Z., Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by normal phase ion-pair liquid chromatography,  Talanta,55(4), 789-797 (2001) @No $ @ @ Siu D.C. and Henshall A., Ion chromatographic determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat products, J. Chromatogr., 804, 157-160 (1998) @No $ @ @ Barzegar L., Rezaei Behbehani G., Moosavi M. and Mehreshtiagh M., A calorimetric study on the interaction between Vitamin-B6 and lysozyme, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 345-347 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R.I. and Obi-Iyeke G.E, Analytical assessment of trace elements in soils, tomato leaves and fruits in the vicinity of paint industry, Nigeria, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1(4), 22-26  (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaitanya Lakshmi G.,  Food coloring: The natural way, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(2), 87-96 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bassett J., Denney R.C., Jeffery G.H.  and Mendham J., Vogel's Text Book of  Quantitative Analysis,th Ed. ELBS, LONGMAN,  447 (1978) @No $ @ @ Saltzman B.E.,Colorimetric microdetermination nitrogen dioxide in atmosphere, Anal. Chem., 26(12), 1949-1955 (1954) @No $ @ @ Cherian T. and Narayana B., A new system for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental samples, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 17(3), 577-581 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cotton F.A.  and Wilkinson G., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed, John Wiley and Sons Inc.  (1988) @No $ @ @ Pradhananga R.R., Khadka D.B. and Sherestha N.K., Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of nitrite in water with 4-aminophenylacetic Acid and 1-naphthol,  J. Nepal Chem. Soc., 11, 36-43 (1992) @No $ @ @ Veena K. and Narayana B., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using new coupling agents,Indian J. Chem. Technol., 16, 89-92 (2009) @No $ @ @ Flamerz S. and Bashir W.A., Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in waters, Analyst,106, 243-247 (1981) @No $ @ @ Amin D., Determination of nitrite on using the reaction with 4-aminobenzotrifluoride and 1-naphthol, Analyst, 111, 1335-1337 (1986) @No $ @ @ Bashir W.A. and Flamerz S., Photometric determination of nitrite, Talanta,28(9), 697-699 (1981) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Review on effects of Particulates; Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide on Human Health<#LINE#>Rahila Rahman@Khan,M.J.A.@Siddiqui<#LINE#>70-73<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-22.pdf<#LINE#> Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA <#LINE#>27/1/2014<#LINE#>12/2/2014<#LINE#>High concentration of air pollutants  can cause different adverse health effects. This study aim to overview the hazardous effect of air pollutants like particulate, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on human health. <#LINE#> @ @ Samet  J.M.,  Zeger S.L., Dominici F., Curriero F., Corsac I., Dockery D.W.,  Schwartz J. and Znabetti  A., The National Morbidity , Mortality and Air Pollution study Part II: Morbidity and Mortality from Air pollution in the united states, Res Rep Health Eff Inst.,94, 5-70 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schwela D., Air pollution and health in urban areas , Rev Environ Health, 15, 13-42 ( 2000) @No $ @ @ Dockery Dw, Pope CA III, XU X., An Association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities, N Eng J Med.,329(24), 1753-1759 (1993) @No $ @ @ Dockery D.W., Speizer F.E., Stram Do, Ware J.H., Spengler J.D., Farris BG Jr., Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children, Am Rev Res Dis .,139(3), 587-594 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dales R.E., Spitzer W.O., Suissa S., Schechter M.T., Tousignant P., Steinmetz N., Respiratory health  of a population living downwind from natural gas refineries, Am Rev Respir Dis.,139(3), 595-600 (1989) @No $ @ @ Schunemann H.J., Dorn J., Grant B.J.B., Winkelstein W. and Trevisan M., Pulmonary function is a long-term predictor of mortality in the general population 29-year follow-up of the Buffalo Health Study, Chest, 118(3), 656–664 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gilliland F.D., McConnell R., Peters J. and Gong H. Jr., A theoretical basis for investigating ambient air pollution and children’s respiratory health,  Environ Health Perspect, 107, 403-407 (1999) @No $ @ @ Burnett R.T., Brook J., Dann T., Delocla C., Philips O., Çakmak S., Vincent R., Goldberg M.S. and Krewski D., Association between particulate and gas phase components of urban air pollution and daily mortality in eight Canadian cities, Inhal. Toxicol., 12, 15-39 (2000) @No $ @ @ Krewski D., Burnett R.T., Goldberg M.S., Hoover K., Siemiatycki J., Jerrett M., Abrahamowicz M. and White W.H., Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities study and the American Cancer Society study of particulate air pollution and mortality, J Toxicol Environ Health A., 66, 1507-1552 ( 2000) @No $ @ @ Salehi F., Krewski D., Mergler D., Normandin L., Kennedy G., Philippe S. and Zayed J., Bioaccumulation and locomotor effects of manganese phosphate/sulfate mixture in Sprague-Dawley rats following subchronic (90 days) inhalation exposure, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191(3), 264-271 (2003) @No $ @ @ Burnett R.T., Smith-Doiron M., Stieb D., Raizenne M.E., Brook J.R., Dales R.E., Leech J.A., Çakmak S. and Krewski D.,  Association between ozone and hospitalization for acute respiratory diseases in children less than 2 years of age, Am. J. Epidemiol.,  153(5), 444-452 (2001) @No $ @ @ Liu S., Krewski D., Shi Y., Chen Y. and Burnett R.T., Association between gaseous air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada, Environ. Health Perspect ., 111(14), 1773-1778 (2003) @No $ @ @ Peters A., Liu E., Verrier R.L., Schwartz D.R., Mittleman M., Baliff J., Oh J.A, Allen, G., Monahan K. and Dockery D.W., Air pollution and incidences of cardiac arrhythmia, Epidemiology., 11(1), 11-17 (2000) @No $ @ @ Burnett R.T., Dales R., Krewski D., Vincent R., Dann T. and Brook J.R., Associations between ambient particulate sulfate and admissions to Ontario hospitals for cardiac and respiratory diseases, Am. J. Epidemiol., 142(1), 15- 22 (1995) @No $ @ @ Linn W.S., Szlachcic Y., Gong H., Kinney P.L. and Berhane K.T.,  Air pollution and daily hospital admissions in metropolitan Los Angeles, Environ. Health Perspect., 108(5), 427-434 (2000) @No $ @ @ Oftedal B., Nafstad P., Magnus P., Bjorkly S. and Skrondal A., Traffic related air pollution and acute hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Drammen, Norway 1995-2000, Eur. J. Epidemiol., 18(7), 671-675(2003) @No $ @ @ Burnett R.T., Smith-Doiron M., Stieb D., Çakmak S. and Brook J.R.,   Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations, Arch. Environ. Health., 54(2), 130-139 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ozturk M., Sehir lci Bolgelerde Hava Kirliliginin Saglik  Uzerine Etkileri,Cevre Ve orman Bakanligi, Ankara/ Turkey (2005) @No $ @ @ Ozturk M., Sehir lci Bolgelerde Hava Kirliliginin Saglik  Uzerine Etkileri, Cevre Ve orman Bakanligi, Ankara/ Turkey (2005) @No $ @ @ Ware J.H., Dockerty D.W., Sprio A.I., et al., Passive smoking, gas cooking, and respiratory health of children living in six cities,  Am Rev Respir Dis., 129(3), 366–74 (1984) @No $ @ @ Melia R.J.W., du Ve Florey C, Darby S,  Palmes E.D.,  Goldstein B.D., Differences in NO2 levels in kitchens with gas or electric cookers, Atmospheric Environment., 12, 1379-1381 (1978) @No $ @ @ James J.W., Longitudinal study of the morbidity of diarrheal and respiratory infections in malnourished children, Am J Clin Nutr., 25(7), 690-694 (1972) @No $ @ @ Berman S., Duenas A., Bedoya A., Constain V., Leon S., Borrero I. and Murphy J., Acute lower respiratory tract illness in Cali, Columbia: a two year ambulatory study, Pediatrics,71(2), 210-218 (1983) @No $ @ @ Belfer M.L., Shader R.I., Di Mascio A., Harmatz J.S., Nahum J.P., Stress and bronchitis, BMJ.,  , 805-806 (1968) @No $ @ @ Jacobs M.A., Spilken A.Z., Norman M.M. and Anderson L.S., Life stress and respiratory illness, Psychosom Med.,  32(3), 233-242 (1970) @No $ @ @ Hart H., Bax M. and Jenkins S., Health and behaviour in preschool children, Child Care Health Dev.,10(1), 1-16 (1984) @No $ @ @ Foulke F.G., Reeb K.G., Graham A.V. and Zyzanski S.J., Family function, respiratory illness and otitis media in urban black infants, Fam Med., 20(2), 128-132 (1988) @No $ @ @ Meyer R.J. and Haggerty R.J., Streptococcal infections in families: factors altering susceptibility, Pediatrics, 29, 539-549 (1962) @No $ @ @ Pio A., Leowski J. and Ten Dam H.G., The magnitude of the problem of acute respiratory infections. In: Douglas RM, Kerby-Eaton E, eds, Acute respiratory infections: proceedings of an international workshop, Adelaide, South Australia: University of Adelaide, 3-16 (1985) @No $ @ @ Chan K.N., Elliman A., Bryan E. and Silverman M., Respiratory symptoms in children of low birth weight, Arch Dis Child., 64(9), 1294-1304 (1989) @No $ @ @ Datta N., Kumar V., Kumar L. and Singhi S., Application of a case management approach to the control of acute respiratory infections in low birth weight infants: a feasibility study, Bull World Health Organ., 65(1), 77-82 (1987) @No
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Parameters for Testing of Present Water Quality of Khan River at Indore, India<#LINE#>Nighojkar@Abhineet,ER.D.@Dohare<#LINE#>74-81<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-41.pdf<#LINE#>Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department SGSITS Indore, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>1/3/2014<#LINE#>6/4/2014<#LINE#>Water is a scarce and valuable resource for the survival of mankind. Man-made activities change the morphology of the areas the river regimes causing problems of water pollution. Fast industrialization for sustainable development is causing major concern to the pollution of surface water because most of the industries are disposing off their waste directly to the nearby stream without making any treatment and violating the provisions for standard laid out for the same. Through the bodies like state pollution control board try to tackle the problem of pollution but the net result indicate that the pollution is increasing due to enormous population growth as such the available water in various surface sources must be preserved. The Khan River is of E Quality River from origin to confluence. Major part of the untreated domestic waste of Indore city flows into Khan River. The River water, at downstream, used for growing vegetables by the Farmers, posses the risk of contaminating food chain. Khan River becomes dry before confluence into Kshipra. But during monsoon season its water reaches up to Kshipra and affects the quality of Kshipra river water in Ujjain city. The present study was done in the as per the grab sample theory at mid stream of river. After collecting the required samples from desired sites, the samples were brought to laboratory within three hours and analysed as per I.S. 3025 .On the following day we, all the experiment part was done. pH, EC,TDS, turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, TA, TH, Ca H,  Mg H, Na, K, Cl, F, NO, SO2-, PO3-4, SAR, % Na and boron  parameters were determined for the testing of water quality. The temperature, colour and þH were observed at the site itself. <#LINE#> @ @ Simpi B., Hiremath S.M., Murthy K.N.S., Chandrashekarappa K.N.,  Patel A.N and Puttiah E.T., Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters Hosahalli Tank in Shimoga District, Karnataka, India, Global Journals Inc., USA, 11 (3), (2011) @No $ @ @ MPPCB., Comprehensive Environment pollution abatement Action plan for critically polluted area Indore, Madhya Pradesh Pollution control board Indore, (2012) @No $ @ @ Bharti N. and Katyal D., Water quality indices used for surface water vulnerability assessment, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(1), 154-173 (2011) @No $ @ @ Goel P.K., Water Pollution Causes, Effect and Control, Revised 2nd  Edition,New Age International (P) Ltd. Publisher, 223, (2009) @No $ @ @ Holmes A.V. and Talsma T., Land and stream salinity.Elsevier Scientific publishing Co., Amsterdam,(1981) @No $ @ @ NEERI, Manual on water and waste water analysis.NationalEnvironmental Engineering research Institute, Nagpur, (1986) @No $ @ @ McClure F.J., Water Fluoridation Bethesda, MD.,US Dept. of health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of Health (1970) @No $ @ @ NAS, Drinking Water and Health,National Academy of Sciences, Federal Register, 43(132), 357-64 (1977) @No $ @ @ Murhekar G., Determination of Physico-Chemical parameters of Surface Water Samples in and around Akot City, Int. J. Res. Chem. Environ.,1(2),183-187(2011) @No $ @ @ Dubey S., Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kshipra river Water at Ujjain, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(7),1-4 (2013) @No $ @ @ Misra D. R and Tripathi A., A study of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in contaminated soils of municipal waste dumpsites at Allahabad, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(4)(2012) @No $ @ @ Virendra K. S., Manish V. and  Chirag G., Mohammad Dilshad H., Mukesh Singh M., Suresh G. and Khwaja S., Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 7(6),496-503,(2013) @No $ @ @ Janjala R. and Vaishnav M.M., physico-chemical monitoring and statistical evaluation of surface water in Korba District, C.G.India, Indian journal of environmental sciences, 16(1) ,47-52, (2012) @No $ @ @ Verma S., Tiwari D. and Verma A., Interrelationships between Physicochemical Water Pollution Indicators: A Case Study of River Pandu, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 72 ,(2012) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.A, Sujaul I.M. and Nasly M.A., Water Quality Index: an Indicator of Surface Water Pollution in Eastern Part of Peninsular Malaysia, Res.J.Recent Sci.,2(10), 10-17, (2013) @No $ @ @ Patil P.N., Sawant D.V. and Deshmukh R.N., Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water – A review,I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,3(3) (2012) @No $ @ @ Murhekar G. H., Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(7), 5-9,(2012) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar A., Kumar A., Gupta R.N., Pathak M., Shrivastav A. and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(6), 62-65, (2012) @No $ @ @ Kushwah R. K., Malik S. and S. A., Water Quality Assessment of Raw Sewage and Final Treated Water with Special Reference to Waste Water Treatment Plant Bhopal, MP, India, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1 (ISC-2011), 185-190 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sohani S. and Iqbal S., Microbiological analysis of surface water in Indore, India, Res.J.Recent.Sci.,1(ISC-2011) 323-325 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thoker F. A., Manderia S. and Manderia K., Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 41-45 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Nanoparticle-Membrane Filtration of Vehicular Exhaust to Reduce Air Pollution - A Review<#LINE#>R.@Muralikrishnan,M.@Swarnalakshmi,E.@Nakkeeran<#LINE#>82-86<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-45.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Irungattukottai - 602 117, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Irungattukottai - 602 117, INDIA<#LINE#>3/12/2013<#LINE#>7/3/2014<#LINE#>Vehicles that run on fossil fuels emit an enormous amount of greenhouse gases. The oxides of carbon and nitrogen are main contributors of air pollution which are due to incomplete combustion, from the engine. Oxides of carbon and nitrogen are emitted in significant quantities from vehicles, which pollute the environment. In this review, design of nanoparticle embedded nano-membrane-filter has been proposed to reduce air pollution from the vehicular exhaust. The membrane would be placed in the exhaust system of the vehicle, which traps the harmful gases thereby reduces air pollution. The life-time of nanomembrane is known to be very high. <#LINE#> @ @ Lackner K.S., Grimes P. and Ziock H.J., Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Air, Colombia University(2007) @No $ @ @ Somy A., Mehmia M.R., Amrei H.D., Ghanizadeh A. and Safari M., Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide using Impregnated Activated Carbon Promoted by Zinc, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control,3(3), 1-6 (2008) @No $ @ @ Femina P. and Sanjay P., LaCoO Perovskite Catalysts for the Environmental Application of Automotive CO Oxidation, Res. J. Recent Sci., l(ISC-2011), 178-184 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alper E., Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Aqueous Solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and Carbon Dioxide, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29(8), 1725-1728 (1990) @No $ @ @ Sugg T., Tholstrup C., Taylor R. and Staggers J., The development and application of nanoporous materials, Texas A&M University(2012) @No $ @ @ Jaksic Z. and Matovic J., Functionalization of Artificial Freestanding Composite Nanomembranes, Materials, 3(1),165-200 (2010) @No $ @ @ Agrawal A.A., Nehilla B.J., Reisig K.V., Gaborski T.R., Fang D.Z., Striemer C.C., Fauchet P.M. and McGrath J.L., Porous Nanocrystalline Silicon Membranes as Highly Permeable and Molecularly Thin Substrates for Cell Culture, Biomaterials, 31(20), 5408-5417 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharifirad M., Koohyar F., Rahmanpour S.H. and Vahidifar M., Preparation of Activated Carbon from Phragmites Australis:Equilibrium Behaviour Study, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(8), 10-16 (2012) @No $ @ @McCann M., Rahman M., Mooney D.A., Dowling D.P. and MacElroy J.M.D., Evaluation of Gas Separation Performance of Composite Metal Oxide Nanomembranes Fabricated via Magnetron Sputtering, University of Dublin(2008) @No $ @ @ Komalirani Y. and Rutool S., CO Emission Reduction Potential through Improvements in Technology from Civil Aviation Sector in India - A Case of Delhi-Mumbai Air Route, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011), 134-144 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abanades J.C. and Alvarez D., Conversion Limits in the Reaction of CO with Lime, Energy Fuels 17(2), 308–315, (2003) @No $ @ @ Bansal P., Bharadwaj L.M., Deep A. and Kaushik P., Zn Based Metal Organic Framework as Adsorbent Material for Mecoprop, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(7), 84-86 (2013) @No $ @ @ Albo J., Luis P. and Irabien A., Carbon Dioxide Capture from Flue Gases Using a Cross-Flow Membrane Contactor and the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49(21), 11045-11051 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anthony J.L., Anderson J.L., Maginn E.J. and Brennecke J.F., Anion Effects on Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. B,109(13), 6366-6374 (2005) @No $ @ @ Alvarez D. and Abanades J.C., Pore-Size and Shape Effects on the Recarbonation Performance of Calcium Oxide Submitted to Repeated Calcination/Recarbonation Cycles, Energy Fuels, 19(1), 270–278 (2005) @No $ @ @ An H., Feng B. and Su S., CO Capture by Electrothermal Swing Adsorption with Activated Carbon Fibre Materials, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 5 (1), 16-25 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yousefi K.D., Darvishi G. and Haghighi F., Estimation of Air Pollution in Urban Streets by Modeling of PM10, Oand CO Pollutants according to Regression Method (Case study-Yadegar and Azadi streets intersection, Tehran, IRAN), Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(4), 36-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aroonwilas A. and Veawab A., Characterization and Comparison of the CO Absorption Performance into Single and Blended Alkanolamines in a Packed Column, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43(9), 2228-2237 (2004) @No $ @ @ Desai T.J., Hansford D.J., Kulinsky L., Nashat A.H., Rasi G., Tu J., Wang Y., Zhang M. and Ferrari M., Nanopore Technology for Biomedical Applications, Biomed. Microdevices, 2(1), 11-40 (1999) @No $ @ @ Praus P., Dvorsky R., Kozak O. and Koci K., Zinc Sulphide Nanoparticles for Photochemical Reactions: Reduction of Carbondioxide and Oxidation of Phenols, Nanocon, Czech Republic (2011) @No
<#LINE#>A Review of Wind Energy Scenario in India<#LINE#>Madhu@Singh,Payal@Singh<#LINE#>87-92<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-52.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Science, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur- 209305, INDIA @ Department of Botany, D A V College, Kanpur-208001, INDIA <#LINE#>7/3/2014<#LINE#>26/3/2014<#LINE#>Energy is the most essential element of socio-economic development and nation’s economic growth. Renewable energy sources can play an immense role to fulfill this need of energy. These sources will not only enhance independency of energy but also helps in many ways such as mitigation of climate change, swift development of rural areas, improved health status and will be the best way to move towards sustainable development. Renewable energy sources like wind energy are identified by International Energy Agency as key element to reduce fossil fuels dependency and helpful tool to combat global warming. Wind energy is indeed a form of solar energy produced by differential heating on the earth surface. Wind’s kinetic energy can be captured and converted in to electricity via wind turbines. In this paper, the status of wind energy is explored in Indian context. The state wise status, different challenges, issues, barriers, wind power development (on and offshore) and policies are discussed in detail.  <#LINE#> @ @ World Bank, Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India. Available at: http://siteresources. worldbank.org/ INDIAEXTN/ Resources/ Reports Publications/Unleashing_potential_of_Renewable_Energy_in_India.pdf  (2010) @No $ @ @  Source: http://pmindia.gov.in/climate_change.php (2013) @No $ @ @  Lalwani M. and Singh M., Conventional and renewable energy scenario of India: Present and Future, Can J Elect Electron Eng, ,122-140 (2010) @No $ @ @  Bhadra S.N., Kastha D., Wind Electrical System, Oxford University Press, India (2010) @No $ @ @  Centre for Wind Energy Technology, Chennai, accessed at http://www.cwet. tn.nic.in/html/information.html (2013) @No $ @ @   Source: MNRE accessed at http://bit.ly/14woYJX (2013) @No $ @ @   Source: http://bit.ly/15WqKDm (2013) @No $ @ @   India wind energy outlook 2012, accessed at http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/India-Wind-Energy-Outlook-2012.pdf @No $ @ @  Renewable Energy in India 2013, accessed at http://energyforum.in/newsletter.html?file=tl_files/downloads/PDF%20News/RENEWABLE%20ENERGY%20IN%20INDIA%202013.pdf. (2013) @No $ @ @   Source:  http://bit.ly/1gJvN0v (2013) @No $ @ @   Draft of “The National Offshore Wind Energy Policy” May, accessed at http://bit.ly/11vlu5e (2013) @No $ @ @   CEA report accessed at http://bit.ly/194da2F and http://bit. ly/14wvYGy  (2013) @No $ @ @ Sørensen, P., Unnikrishnan, A. K. and Mathew, S. A., Wind farms connected to weak grids in India. Wind Energ, , 137-149 (2001) @No $ @ @ Press Information Bureau release on August 14, “Connection of wind power to grids” accessed at http://bit.ly/13BOM4D (2012) @No
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Determination of Heavy Metal Fallout on the Surrounding Flora and Aquifer:  Case Study of A Scrap Metal Smelting Factory in Odogunyan Area, Ikorodu, Lagos- State, Nigeria<#LINE#>V.T.@Sanyaolu,A.A.@Adeniran<#LINE#>93-100<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-212.pdf<#LINE#> Environmental Biology Unit, Dept. of Science Laboratory Tech., School of Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu-Lagos, NIGERIA <#LINE#>5/10/2013<#LINE#>3/12/2013<#LINE#>This study was carried out to assess the extent of contamination (of heavy metal leachates from a scrap metal dump) on selected flora and some sources of potable water found in the surroundings of a scrap metal smelting yard. Using the Complete Randomnised Design (CRD), plant samples were taken at varing distances from the scrap metal dumpsite. Three sources of water were also sampled in the vicinity of the scrap metal dumpsite. Using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), each of the water and plant samples were analyzed for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni). The study site is in the Odogunyan/Spintex area of Ikorodu, Lagos-Nigeria; and the study was conducted between July – October, 2012.  The mean concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in the water samples ranged from 0.0002 to 0.5150mg/L, 0.00043 to 0.6342mg/L, 0.0195 to 0.5078mg/L, 0.0080 to 5.9958mg/L and 0.0005 to 6.7976mg/L respectively. Mean concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in the plant samples ranged from 0.9526 to 1.3122mg/kg, 0.7139 to 1.0199mg/kg, 0.8860 to 1.1901mg/kg, 9.8441 to 15.0046mg/kg and 11.1075 to 14.8510mg/kg respectively. Results obtained from this study showed higher concentration of the heavy metals in the water from the well and lower concentration in the borehole. In the plant there was a higher concentration of the heavy metals at distances nearer to the scrap metal dumpsite, and lower concentration as distances increased away from the scrap metal dumpsite. Compared to the WHO standard for heavy metal concentration, results from some wells in this study showed values that were more than 51, 2000, 10, 599 and 399 times above the maximum permissible levels for Ar, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni respectively in potable water source.   <#LINE#> @ @ Singh A. and Agrawal M., Effects of municipal waste water irrigation on availability of heavy metals and morpho-physiological characteristics of Beta vulgaris L.,J.environ. Biol., 31, 727-736 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shah F.R., Ahmad N., Masood K.R. and Zahid D.M., The influence of  cadmium and chromium on the biomass production of sishum (Delbergia sishoo Roxb.) Seedling, Pak. J. Bot., 40(4), 341-1348 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification, Water Treatment, Published by Lenntech, Rotterdamseweg,  Netherlands, Accessed 20/10/2012. Available: http:www.excelwater.com/thp/filters/Water –Purification. htm)     (2004) @No $ @ @ United Nations Environmental Protection/Global Program of Action, Why The Marine Environment Needs Protection From Heavy Metals, Heavy Metals 2004, UNEP/GPA Coordination office. Accessed 20/10/2012,      Available: http://www.oceansatlas.org/untlas/uses/ uneptextsph/ wastesph/ 2602gpa (2004) @No $ @ @ Hutton M. and Symon C., The Quantities of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Arsenic Entering the U.K.  Environment from Human Activities, Sci. Total Environ.,57,129-150 (1986) @No $ @ @ Battarbee R.W., Anderson N.J., Appleby P.G., Flower R.J., Fritz S.C., Haworth E.Y., Higgit S., Jones V.J.,  Kreiser A., Munro M.A.R., Natkanski J., Oldfield F., Patrick S.T., Richardson N.G., Rippey B., Stevenson  A., C Lake, Acidification in The United Kingdom. ENSIS Publishing, London, Accessed 20/10/2012. Available:  Http://www.geog.Ucl.ac.Uk/spatrick/f_r_pubs.htm. (1988) @No $ @ @ Garbarino J.R., Hayes H., Roth D., Antweider R., Brinton T.I. and Taylor H., Contaminants in the Mississippi River, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, Virginia,U.S.A.Accessed20/10/2012, Available:  (www.pubs,usgs.gov/circ/circ1133/) (1995) @No $ @ @ Hawkes J.S., Heavy Metals, J.chem.Edu., 74(11), 1374-1381 (1997) @No $ @ @ Duruibe J.O., Ogwuegbu M.O.C. and Egwurugwu J.N., Heavy Metal Pollution and Biotoxic Effects in Humans, Int. J. Phys. Sci.,2(5), 112-118 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ozdilek H.G., Mathisen P.P. and Pellegrino D., Distribution of heavy metals in vegetation surrounding the Blackstone River U.S.A: Considerations regarding sediment contamination and long term metals transport in freshwater Riverine Ecosystems, J. Environ. Biology,28(2), 493-502 (2007) @No $ @ @ Duffus J.H., Heavy metals, A meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 793-807 (2002) @No $ @ @ Peplow D., Environmental Impacts of Mining in Eastern Washington, Center for Water and Watershed Studies Fact sheet, University of Washington, Seattle (1999) @No $ @ @ Ferner D.J., Toxicity of heavy metals, eMed. J.,2(5), 1-11 (2001) @No $ @ @ Young R.A., Toxicity Profiles: Toxicity Summary for Cadmium Risk Assessment  Information System,  RAIS, University of Tennessee. 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