@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Ambient air quality status before and after Shifting Cultivation in an Indo-Burma hotspot region<#LINE#>PrabhatKumar@Rai,Chutia@BikuMoni<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-191.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, INDIA <#LINE#>25/8/2014<#LINE#>30/10/2014<#LINE#>This study assessed the ambient air quality status after the period of biomass burning through shifting cultivation (i.e. summer) and in other seasons when there was no shifting cultivation. The present study performed the assessment of air quality with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and sulphur dioxide (SO)  at two sites namely Ramrikawn (peri-urban area) and Tanhril (rural area) of an Indo-Burma hotspot region.  The average concentration of SPM and RSPM were found to be higher in the peri-urban area than rural area. Apart from this NO and SO levels at both sites remain under prescribed limits of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. It has been observed that the concentrations of the particulate pollutants are high in summer in comparison to the winter and rainy seasons. The average air quality index (AQI) value of peri-urban area was recorded higher than rural area. The deviations in seasonal air quality particularly in context of SPM and RSPM may be attributed to the impact of biomass burning through shifting cultivation.  <#LINE#> @ @ Rai P.K., Assessment of Multifaceted Environmental Issues and Model Development of an Indo- Burma Hot Spot Region, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 113–131(2012) @No $ @ @ Joshi N. and Bora M., Impact of air quality on physiological attributes of certain plants, Report and Opinion, 3(2), 42-47 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bucko M.S., Magiera T., Johanson Bo., Petrovsky E. and Pesonen L.J., Identification of magnetic particulates in road dust accumulated on roadside snow using magnetic, geochemical and micro-morphological analysis, Environmental Pollution, 159, 1266-1276 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K., Environmental magnetic studies of particulates with special reference to biomagnetic monitoring using roadside plant leaves, Atmospheric Environment,72, 113-129 (2013) @No $ @ @ Joshi P.C. and Chauhan A., Performance of locally grown rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to air pollutants in a rapidly growing industrial area of district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, Life Science Journal, 5(3), 41-45 (2008) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 56.Chauhan A., Photosynthetic pigment changes in some selected trees induced by automobile exhaust in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, New York Science Journal, 3(2), 45-51(2010) @No $ @ @ Agrawal M. and Singh J., Impact of coal power plant emission on the foliar elemental concentrations in plants in a low rainfall tropical region, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 60, 261-282 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K., Comparative Assessment of Soil Properties after Bamboo Flowering and Death in a Tropical Forest of Indo-Burma Hot spot,  Ambio: A Journal on Human Environment, 38(2), 118-120 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K. and Chutia B.M., Biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric particulate pollution through roadside tree leaves in Aizawl city, Mizoram and their temporal and spatial variations, International Research Journal of Environmental Science,3(8), 46-53 (2014) @No $ @ @ Jacob M.B. and Hochheiser S., Continuous sampling and ultra-micro determination of nitrogen dioxide in air, Anal Cham, 32, 426 (1958) @No $ @ @ West P.W. and Gaeke G.C., Fixation of sulphur dioxide as sulfitomercurate (II) and subsequent colorimetric determination, Analytical Chemistry, 28, 1816-1819 (1956) @No $ @ @ Rao M.N. and Rao H.N.V., Air pollution. Tata MvGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chauhan A.,  Pawar M., Kumar R. and Joshi P.C., Ambient air quality status in Uttarakhand (India):  case study of Haridwar and Dehradun using air quality index, Journal of American Science, 6(9), 565-574 (2010) @No $ @ @ Becker S., Dailey L.A., Soukup J.M., Grambow S.C., Deulin R.B. and  Hunary Y.C., Seasonal variation in air pollution particle–Induced inflammatory mediator release and oxidative stress, Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1032-1038 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shukla V., Dalal P. and Chaudhry D., Impact of vehicular exhaust on ambient air quality of Rohtak city, India, Journal of Environmental Biology,31(6), 929-932 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rai P.K., Chutia B.M. and Patil S.K., Monitoring of spatial variations of particulate matter (PM) pollution through bio-magnetic aspects of roadside plant leaves in an Indo-Burma hot spot region, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, Available online 7 June (2014) @No $ @ @ (Accepted).  17.CPCB., National ambient air quality standards.Central Pollution Control Board, Gazette Notification, New Delhi, (1994) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of aquatic Ecological health of three sites on Slacks Creek, Queensland, Australia using surface Macro invertebrates<#LINE#>Oruta@NyakoraJoash<#LINE#>6-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-182.pdf<#LINE#>Griffith University, Department of Environmental Science, 170 Kessels Rd, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA <#LINE#>12/8/2014<#LINE#>15/10/2014<#LINE#>The health of a river depends much on its riparian zone which is strategically positioned to lend them the capacity to influence aquatic processes. Plant communities in riparian zones provide adequate food resources for both terrestrial and aquatic consumers. The species diversity and richness is important for the health of the stream. The objective of the study was to make comparison of the ecological health status of three sites SC01, SC02 and SC03 of Slacks Creek, Queensland Australia which had different riparian conditions. The three sites had different riparian vegetation conditions. Surface water macro invertebrates were sampled at the three sites using standardized AusRivAS protocols.  Both riparian vegetation condition and hydraulic characteristics were found to affect the abundance and richness of macro invertebrates in urban areas. Site SC01 and SC02 had relatively high oxygen concentration compared to SC03 whose water was not flowing. The pooled data established 12 taxa consisting of 258 individuals from the 9 samples. Specifically, SC03 had 8 taxa while SC01 and SC02 had 3 and 6 respectively and a Margalef Richness index of 0.64, 0.98 and 0.79 for SC01, SC02 and SC03 respectively. The three sites indicated some similarity at least as demonstrated by Bray Curtis Similarity indicator but SC03 was more dissimilar than the other two. The taxa found in the three sites were comparable with those established by South-east Queensland Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) studies. Site SC03 showed high macro invertebrates taxa richness, as it was a nutrient-poor water body and it was highly covered by submerged vegetation. Site SC02 had no riparian vegetation rehabilitation work had not prevented sediments from reaching the creek thus had higher nutrients accounting for less taxa. Site SC01 showed unexpected result of minimum taxa compared with site SC02, due to the canalization of the stream in upstream which leads to sediment transport to this site. This study showed that aquatic health of urban streams can be improved by providing them with buffering riparian vegetation.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kendy E., C. Apse, and K. Blann, A practical guide to environmental flows for policy and planning, (2012) @No $ @ @ Tharme R.E., A global perspective on environmental flowassessment: Emerging trends in the development and application of Environmental flow methodologies for rivers, River Research Applications, 19, 397-441 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kennard M.J. et al., Are alien fish a reliable indicator of river health?, Freshwater Biology, 50, 174-193 (2005) @No $ @ @ Böhmer J. et al., Macrozoobenthos communities and biocoenotic assessment of ecological status in relation to degree of human impact in small streams in southwest Germany, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, 8(3), 407-419 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sheldon F. et al., Identifying the spatial scale of land use that most strongly influences overall river ecosystem health score(2012) @No $ @ @ Gregory S.V. et al., An Ecosystem Perspective of Riparian Zones : Fucus on links between land and water, Bioscience, 41(8), (1991) @No $ @ @ Naiman R.J. and H. 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Benthic macroinvertebrate communities, Fresh Water Biology,46, 535-551 (2001) @No $ @ @ Groffman P. et al., Soil nitrogen cycle processes in urban riparian zones, Environ Sci Technol, 36, 4547-4552(2002) @No $ @ @ Walsh C. et al., The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure, J. North Am Benthol Soc, 24, 706-723 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bernhardt, E.S. and M.A. Palmer, Restoring streams in an urbanizing world, Freshwater Biology, 52, 738-751(2007) @No $ @ @ Jonsson M. et al., Simulating species loss following perturbation : Assessing the effects on process rates, The Royal Society, 269, 1047-1052 (2002) @No $ @ @ Midgley G.F., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Science, 335, 174-175 (2012) @No $ @ @ Australian Government, Queensland Australian River Assessment System (AusRivAS) Sampling and Processing Manual, August 2001, Queensl and Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Editor, (2001) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             13PRIMER-E, Editor, Plymouth, (2006) @No $ @ @ Gamito S., Caution is needed when applying Margalef diversity index, Ecological Indicators, 10, 550-551 (2010) @No $ @ @ Clarke K.R., Somerfield P.J., and Chapman M.G., On resemblance measures for ecological studies, including taxonomic dissimilarities and a zero-adjusted Bray–Curtis coefficient for denuded assemblages, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 330, 55-80(2006) @No $ @ @ Ludwig J.A. and Reynolds J.F., Cluster Analysis, in Statistical Ecology : A primer on methods and computing, 1988, John Wiley and Sons : New York, 189-202, (1988) @No $ @ @ Beals E.W., Bray-Curtis Ordination : An Effective Strategy for Analysis of Multivariate Ecological Data, in Elsevier Science and Technology, 1-55 (1984) @No $ @ @ Simpson E.H., Measurement of diversity, Nature, 163, 688(1949) @No $ @ @ Shannon C.E. and Weaver W., The Mathematical Theory of Communication,  The University of Illinois Press, Illinois, (1963) @No $ @ @ Shannon C., A mathematical theory of communication, Bell Systems Technological Journal, 27, 379-423 (1948) @No $ @ @ Sheldon F. and K.F. 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Gooderham, The waterbug book: A guide to the freshwater macroinvertebrates of temperate australia, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, (2002) @No $ @ @ Sehar S. et al., Reduction of contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in domestic wastewater through hybrid constructed wetland, ISRN Microbiology, 1-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Newham M.J., Fellows C.S., and Sheldon F., Functions of riparian forest in urban catchments : A case study from sub-tropical Brisbane, Australia, Urban Ecosyst, 14, 165-180 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vermonden K. et al., Urban drainage systems: An undervalued habitat for aquatic macroinvertebrates, Biological Conservation, 142(5), 1105-1115 (2009) @No $ @ @ Akaahan T.J.A., Studies on Benthic Fauna as Bio Indicators of Pollution in River Benue at Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(7), 33-38 (2014) @No $ @ @ Dirat M. et al., Ichtyofaunal Diversity of the Rigth bank of Congo River (Pool Malebo), Congo. 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<#LINE#>Leaf dust deposition and its impact on Biochemical aspect of some Roadside Plants of Aizawl, Mizoram, North East India<#LINE#>PrabhatKumar@Rai,Lalita L.S.@ Panda<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-193.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl- 796004, Mizoram, INDIA<#LINE#>26/8/2014<#LINE#>25/10/2014<#LINE#>Foliar surface of plants is continuously exposed to the surrounding atmosphere and is therefore the main receptor of dust. This physical trait can be used to determine the level of dust in the surroundings as well as the ability of individual plant species to intercept and mitigate with it. The present research was undertaken to study the dust deposition efficiency of selected common roadside plant species and the response of dust deposition on the biochemical aspect of leaves such as pH, Relative water content and Total chlorophyll content. The result showed maximum dust deposition in winter followed by summer and rainy for all plant species. It was seen that total chlorophyll and relative water content decreased whereas pH of leaf extract increased with the increasing dust load. The result shows significant negative and positive correlation between dust deposition and RWC, Total chlorophyll and pH respectively. The highest and the lowest dust deposition rates were observed in Ficus bengalensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus, respectively. Thus plants can be used in the abatement of dust pollution by acting as natural filters. <#LINE#> @ @ Joshi N.A., Chauhan A. and Joshi P.C., Impact of industrial air pollutants on some biochemical parameters and yield in wheat and mustard plants, Environmentalist, 29, 398-404(2009) @No $ @ @ Farmer A.M., The Effect of dust on vegetation – A review, Environment Pollution, 79, 63-75 (1993) @No $ @ @ Smith W.H., Lead contamination of  roadside white pine, For.Sci, 17, 195-198 (1971) @No $ @ @ Khan A.M., Pandey V., Yunus M. and Ahmad K.J., Plants as dust scavengers—A case study, Indian for, 115(9), 670–672 (1989) @No $ @ @ Lorenzini G., Grassi C., Nali C., Petiti A., Loppi S. and Tognotti L., Leaves of Pittosporumtobiraas indicators of airborne trace element and PM distribution in central Italy, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 4025-4036 (2006) @No $ @ @ Meetham A.R., Atmospheric Pollution: Its Origin and Prevention, Oxford : Pergamon Press, (1964) @No $ @ @ Novoderzhikina Y.G., Andrianova L.A. and Zheldakkova G.G., Effect of plantings onthe sanitary and hygienic conditions of densely polluted settlement, In: NuttonsonM (ed) AICE Survey of USSR, Vol. 2, silver spring Md. 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<#LINE#>An in vitro hydroponic study on Physiological and Biochemical responses of Indian wild Rice to varying doses of Hexavalent Chromium<#LINE#>J.@Nayak,J.@Mathan,M.@Mohanty,C.@Pradhan<#LINE#>20-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-194.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Post Graduate Department of Botany. Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>29/8/2014<#LINE#>17/10/2014<#LINE#>Indian wild rice (Oryza nivara) grown as a weed in most of the cultivated paddy fields is used as an experimental tool in current investigation and studied for its various physiological and biochemical alterations in response to hexavalent chromium. After exposure to varying concentrations of toxic hexavalent chromium, the two cultivars of Oryza nivara i.e. IC-283169 and IC-336684 showed significant changes in its morphobiometric and physiological parameters. The present hydroponic study exhibited deleterious effects on germination, plant height and biomass of 14 days treated seedlings. IC-336684 cultivar of wild rice showed significant reduction in root-shoot length as well as dry and fresh biomass of shoot beyond a treatment dose of 50 M Cr+6 as compared to IC-283169 cultivar. Growth parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content showed 50% reduction with treatment dose of 25 M Cr+6. More than 80% reduction in all the above parameters were observed at 100 M Cr+6 treatments. Present preliminary study screens the tolerance and sensitivity of wild rice cultivars to toxic doses of Cr+6. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the impact of varying doses of hexavalent chromium on two cultivars of Indian wild rice and removal of these toxic contaminants from soil by potent application of weeds like Indian wild rice. <#LINE#> @ @ Rouphael Y., Cardarelli M., Reab E. and Colla G., Grafting of cucumber as a means to minimize copper toxicity, Env. Exp. Bot.,63, 49-58 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cervantes C., Garcia J.C., Devars S., Corona F.G. and Tavera H.L., Carlos Torres-guzman J, Sanchez RM. Interactions of chromium with micro-organisms and plants, FEMS Microb. Rev., 25, 335–347 (2001) @No $ @ @ McGrath S.P., The uptake and translocation of tri- and hexavalent chromium and effects on the growth of oat in flowing nutrient solution and in soil, New Phytologist, 92, 381–390 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sharma R.M.S. and Raju N.S., Correlation of heavy metal contamination with soil properties of industrial areas of mysore, karnataka, India by cluster analysis, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10), 22-27, (2013) @No $ @ @ Poschenrieder C., Vazquez M.D., Bonet A. and Barcelo J., Chromium III iron interaction in iron sufficient bean plants. II Ultrasructural aspects, J. Plant Nutr. 14,415-428 (1991) @No $ @ @ Barcelo J., Poschenrieder C., Vazquez M.D. and Gunese B., Aluminium phytotoxicity. A challenger for plant scientists, Fertile. Res.,43, 217-223 (1996) @No $ @ @ Barcelo J. and Poschenrieder C., Chromium in plants. In: Carati, S., tottarelli, F., Seqmi, P. (ed): Chromium Environment Issues, Francotangati Press, Milan, 101-129(1997) @No $ @ @ Panda S.K. and Patra HK., Physiology of chromium toxicity. A review, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 24,10-17 (1997) @No $ @ @ Panda S.K. and Patra H.K., Alternation of nitrate reductase activity by chromium ions in excised wheat leaves, Indian J. Agr. Biochem.,11(2), 56-57 (1998) @No $ @ @ Panda S.K and Patra H.K., Does Chromium (III) produce oxidative damage in excised wheat leaves ?, J.Plant Biol.,27, 105-110 (2000) @No $ @ @ Suderman F.W., Carcinogenic effect of metals, Fed. Proc.,37(1), 40–46 (1978) @No $ @ @ Khasim I. and Nanda Kumar N.V., Environmental contamination of chromium in agricultural and animal products near chromate industry, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43, 742–746 (1989) @No $ @ @ Haq1 B.I.U., Nursafura E. B. and Zakia K., Adsorption Studies of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) Aqua Solutions Using Rubber Tree Leaves as an Adsorbent, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(12), 52-56 , (2013) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 28approach for attenuation of Ni stress, J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 8(3), 99-112 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mathan J., Mohanty M., Pradhan C. and Patra H.K., Toxicological changes in rice under nickel stress, Biolife.,2(1),363-369 (2014) @No $ @ @ Mohanty M and Patra HK, Effect of Chelate assisted Hexavalent Chromium on Physiological changes, Biochemical alterations and Cr Bioavailability in Crop Plants - An in vitro Phytoremediation Approach, Bioremediat. J.16(3), 147–155 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohanty M. and  Patra H.K., Effect of ionic and chelate assisted hexavalent chromium on mung bean seedlings Vigna radiata L. wilczek. var k-851) during seedling growth, J. Stress Physiol. Biochem,9(2), 232-241 (2013) @No $ @ @ Grataq P.L., Polle A., Lea P.J. and Azevedo A., Making the life of leaves metal stressed plants a little easier, Func. Plant Biol., 32, 481-494 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dey S.K., Jena P.P. and Kunelu S., Antioxidative efficiency of Triticum aestivum L,  exposed to chromium stress, J. Environ. Biol.,30, 539-544 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sandman G. and Boger P., Copper mediated lipid peroxidation process in photosynthetic membranes, Plant physiol.,63,797-800 (1980) @No $ @ @ Pandey S.N., Growth and biochemical changes in pulse seedlings irrigated with effluent from electroplating industry, J. Appl. Biosci.,34, 79-82 (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh D. and Singh A., Chitosan for the Removal of Chromium from Waste Water, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(3), 55-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh D. and Singh A., Chitosan for the Removal of Cadmium Rich Water, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(5),81-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abeer F.A., and Ghadir A. El-C., Adsorption of Citric Acid from Aqueous Solution onto Activated P. LentiscusLeaves, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 7-13 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Pretreatment of Effluent released by Steel Industry<#LINE#>Vangalpati@Meena,Muppala@Balaji,Sruthi@Saladula<#LINE#>29-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-197.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Chemical Engineering, AUCE (A), Andhra University, AP, INDIA <#LINE#>1/9/2014<#LINE#>23/10/2014<#LINE#>The vast and rapid development of industries has lead to destruction of nature. Sources of nature like the water, air, soil, etc are being invariably polluted due to these industries. The release of toxic compounds from the various industries like the leather, chemical, pharmaceutical, steel, textile, food, play a major role in the nature imbalance. Pretreatment process step makes the initial purification easier and faster. This paper showcases the processing and effects of effluent released along with the initial treatment of the effluent, the pretreatment using alum, polyvinyl alcohol, and dolomite. The effect and optimization of various parameters are also explained. <#LINE#> @ @ Vangalpati Meena, Sruthi S, Balaji M, Review  on pretreatment of effluent released from steel plant, IJSERT, 3(8), 313-317 (2014) @No $ @ @ Murikipudi Seshagiri, Vangalapati Meena,  Denitrification studies of sewage water for the percentage conversion of nitrate by using obligate aerobes derived from fruit waste, Environmental Science- An Indian Journal, Vol, 7(11), 421-424 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ruiz G, Jeison D and Chamy R, Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration, Science direct, Water research, 37, 1371–1377 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hala Ahmed Hegazi, Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural and industrial wastes as adsorbents , Housing and Building National Research Center, 9(3), 276–282 (2013) @No $ @ @ LuzE  and Yoav Bashan, Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer, Science Direct, 38(9), 4222–4246 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fernandez-nava Y, Maranon E, Soons J and Castrillon l, Denitrification of wastewater containing high nitrate and calcium concentrations, Elsiever, 99(17), 7976–7981 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kyo-cheng chen, Ying-Feng lin, Immobilization of microorganisms with phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) gel, Elsiever, 16(1), 79–83 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kapoor  A and Viraghavan  T, Nitrate removal from drinking water – review, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 123(4), 371-380 (1990) @No $ @ @ Klanduen pochana, Jurg keller, Study of factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND, Science direct, 39(6), 61-68 (1999) @No $ @ @ Rogalla, Ravarini P, Larminat G. De. and Couttelle J, Large-scale biological nitrate and ammonia removal, Journal Institution of Water and  Environmental Management ,4(4), 319-329 (1990) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.J. and Lin J, Nitrate removal from groundwater using catalytic reduction, Water Research, 34(4), 995-1001 (1993) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Explosive Industry effluents on Soil quality parameters and Heavy metal load - A study of RECL (Rajasthan Explosive and Chemical Limited) Dholpur, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Priti@Bhargava,Subroto@Dutta<#LINE#>32-35<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-198.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, MDS University, Ajmer, Raj, INDIA <#LINE#>1/9/2014<#LINE#>13/10/2014<#LINE#>Environmental pollution by metals became extensive as mining and industrial activities increased in the late 19th and early 20th century the current world wide mine production of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg is considerable. They present a risk for primary and secondary consumers and ultimately humans. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of explosive industry effluents on soil characteristics. Field experiment was conducted in and around Rajasthan explosive and chemical limited in Dholpur in Rajasthan. Waste water and soil samples were collected to determine pH, Ec, TDS, Organic carbon, Cu, Pb. Effluent from explosive industry show differences in levels of pH 7.9 to 8.5, electrical conductivity 0.65 to0.95s, TDS 1825 to 2500mg/l, and heavy metals like Cu 2.40 to 3.70 mg/l and Pb 0.32 to 0.48 mg/l maximum than permissible limit. Soil analysis show differences in levels of pH 8.0 to 8.7, electrical conductivity 0.25 to 0.40s, organic carbon 0.22% to 0.68% and heavy metals like Cu 150 to 225mg/kg, Pb 550 to 725 mg/kg were higher than permissible limit. <#LINE#> @ @ Farooq S, Appraisal of heavy metal contents in different vegetables grown in the vicinity of an industrial area, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(5), 2099-2106 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shah Z. and Khan A.A., Evolution of crop residues for mineralizable nitrogen in soils, Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 19, 81-92 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhaskar C., Kumar K and nagendrappa G., Assessment of heavy metals in water samples of certain locations situated around tumkur, Karnataka, India, E-Journal ofChemistry, 7(2), 349-352 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hall J.L. and Williams L.E., Transition metal transporters in plants, Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, 2601-2613 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ayaz F.A. and Kadioglu A., Effects of Metals Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg on the soluble protein bands of germinating Lens esculentaseeds, Journal of  Botany, 21, 85-88 (1997) @No $ @ @ Naaz S and Pandey S.N., Effects of industrial waste water on heavy metal accumulation, growth and biochemical responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Journal ofEnvironmental Biology,31, 273-276 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chen M. and Ma Q., Comparison of three aqua regia digestion methods for twenty florida soil, Soil science American Journal, 65, 491-499 (2001) @No $ @ @ Clesceri L.S., Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, In collection and  preservation of samples and metals, American Public Health Association, 1-27-1-35 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rahmani H.R. Use of industrial and municipal effluent water in Esfahan province -Iran, Scientific Research  and essay,2(3), 84-88 (2007) @No $ @ @ WHO, permissible limits of heavy metals in soil and plants, Switzerland, (1996) @No
<#LINE#>Solar Energy based Dual Pump Drinking Water supply Scheme a Boon For Rural drinking Water security<#LINE#>PrabirKumar@Naik,RajendraPrasad@Mathur<#LINE#>36-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-207.pdf<#LINE#>Scientist, Rajiv gandhi National Ground Water Training and Research Institute, Central Ground Water Board, Raipur, INDIA Member (Retired), CGWB, Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA <#LINE#>9/9/2014<#LINE#>27/10/2014<#LINE#>At present   approximately 783 million people in the world lack access to safe potable drinking water.  The solar energy based submersible- dual pump    has been seen to be a viable option for supply of drinking water throughout the year. In this scheme a solar energy based submersible as well as hand pump is fitted in the same bore well.  This drinking water supply scheme gives continuous water supply throughout the year as people can extract water by hand pump when there is no solar power available particularly in rainy season. When the water level goes down i.e. below 36m particularly in summer season below the lifting capacity of Mark-II hand pump people face lot of problem in collecting potable drinking water. During summer season when there is frequent power shortage and failure this scheme can give uninterrupted drinking water supply and drinking water security. Once this project is implemented (approximate cost in India is Rs 6 lakhs , $10,000) by the government the operation and maintenance cost is around Rs 30.00 ($ 0.5) per family per month. With the present socio-economic condition,   rural people can afford for the monthly maintenance which is important for the sustainability of the project. <#LINE#> @ @ Nature, Editorial, How to Feed a Hungry World, Nature 466: 531–532. Published online at:     http://www.nature. com/ nature/journal/ v466/n7306/ full/  466531a. html 28 July, (2010) @No $ @ @ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp? NewsID=35456#.Uj_aefnn_IU., (2014) @No $ @ @ http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_ bigpicture. html., (2014) @No $ @ @ http://www.wri.org/  publication/content/ 8603., (2014) @No $ @ @ http:/upload.wikimedia. org/ wikipedia/ commons/7/7a/ India_Geographic_Map.jpg., (2014) @No $ @ @ Manual on Artifical Recharge to Ground Water, CGWB, MOWR, Govt. of India, (2007) @No $ @ @ Ground Water Year Book- India, CGWB, MOWR, Govt. of India, (2012) @No $ @ @ Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India,CGWB, MOWR, Govt. of India, (2011) @No $ @ @ Naik P.K., Drinking water problem in rural India, Current science, 94(8), 964 (2008) @No $ @ @ Naik P.K., Naik K.C., Choudhury A. and Chakraborty D., Solving drinking water crisis in hard rock terrain of Peninsular India, Current science, 99(10), 1309-1310 (2010) @No $ @ @ Deshpande S.V., Directorate of the Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency, Pune, Govt. of Maharashtra (2011) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             40of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Govt of India, http://www.mdws.gov.in/, (2014) @No $ @ @ Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS), Evaluation of FAO cooperation with India (2008) @No $ @ @ Schiermeier Quirin, Increased Flood Risk Linked to Global Warming, Nature470: 316. Published online at http://www.nature.com/ news/2011/110216/full/ 470316a.html, 16 February, (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Effective Removal of Pesticide (Dichlorvos) by Adsorption onto Super Paramagnetic Poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogel from Water<#LINE#>Alka@Tiwari,Anita@Bind<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-211.pdf<#LINE#> Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Govt.V.Y.T.PG. Autonomous College, Durg, C.G.-491001, INDIA <#LINE#>21/9/2014<#LINE#>26/10/2014<#LINE#>The removal of pesticide “dichlorvos” from aqueous solution by adsorption onto superparamagnetic nano iron oxide loaded poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel was studied by batch and column method. The adsorbent hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, XRD and TEM analysis techniques. The efficiency of the poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel was studied by measuring the maximum uptake of dichlorvos at fixed pH, concentration and time. The batch and column studies were carried out under varying experimental conditions such as contact time, initial pesticide concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, bed height and flow rate. The adsorption data was applied to Langmuir isotherm equation. <#LINE#> @ @ Adachi A., Ikedia C, Takagi S, Fukao N, yoshie E and Okano T,  Efficiency of rice bran for removal of Organochlorine compounds and benzene from industrial waste water, J. of  agri. food chem., 49, 1309-1314(2001) @No $ @ @ Bakour  EI, Morillo H, usero J and ooassini A, Natural attenuation of pesticide water contamination by using ecological adsorbents, application for chlorinated pesticide included in European water framework directive, J. of Hydro.,  364, 175-181 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shukla G., Kumar A., Bhanti M., Joseph P.E. and Taneja A, Organochlorine pesticide contamination of ground water in the city of Hyderabad,  Environ. inter., 32, 244-247 (2006) @No $ @ @ Monirith I., Uneno D, Takahashi S, Nakata H, sudryanto A, Subramanian A, karupiah S, ismail A, Muchtar M, Zhehg J, Richardson B.J., Prudente M,  hue N.D., Jana T.s., Tkalin A.V and Tanabe S, Asia –pacific mussel Watch : Monitoring contamination of persistent Organochlorine compounds in coastal water of Asian countries,  Mar. pollu.  Bull.,46, 281-300 (2003) @No $ @ @ Radan B.D, Pennigton D.W., Eckley N. and Boethling A, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33-3482 (1999) @No $ @ @ Philip H.H, Michalenko E.M,  Jarvis W.F, Basu D.K., Sage G.W,  Meyland W.M., Beauman J.A and Gray D.A.,  Handbook of Environmental fate and Exposure Data For oganic chemicals, Lewis, Chelse, MI, 3, (1991) @No $ @ @ Memon G.Z., Bhanger M.I., Akhtar M., Talpur F.N. and Memon J.R., Adsorption of methyl parathion pesticide from water using watermelon peels as a low cost adsorbent, J. Chem. Eng.,  138, 616–621 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zhang S.J., Shao T., Bekaroglu S.S.K., Karanfil T., The impacts of aggregation and chemistry of carbonano tubes on the adsorption of synthetic organic compounds,Environ. Sci. Technol.,43, 5719–5725 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sheha R.R. and Metwally E., Equilibrium isotherm modeling of cesium adsorption onto magnetic materials, J. Hazard. Mater.,143, 354–361 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K. and Imran A., Removal of DDD and DDE from waste water using baggasses fly ash sugar industry waste, Water Res.,35, 33e-40 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K., Jain C.K., Imran A. and Chanda S., Removal of Lindane and malathion from waste water using baggaaae fly ash : A sugar industry waste, Water Res.,3, 2483e-2490 (2002) @No $ @ @ Zweiner C, weil L and Niesser R,  Atrazine and parathion-methyl removal by UV and UV/O in drinking water treatment, Inter. J. of analy. Chem.,58, 247-264 (1995) @No $ @ @ Agarwal S and Nayak A, Comparative investigation on adsorption performance of mesoporous activated carbon prepared from waste rubber tire and activated carbon for an azo dye, J. of Hazarad. Mater., 186-891 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chen G.C., Shan X.Q., Pei Z.G., Wang H.H., Zheng L.R. and Zhang J. et al., Adsorptionof diuron and dichlobenil on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as affected bylead, J. Hazard. Mater.,188, 156–163 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kundu Snigdha, Modeling phenol adsorption in ater environment using artificial neutral network, Inter. Res. J. of Environ. Sci.,2(7), 39-43(2013) @No $ @ @ Tiwari Alka and Kathane Prerna, Supper paramagnetic PVA-Alginate Microspheres as Adsorbent for cu2 ions removal from Aqueous systems, Inter. Res. J. of Environ. Sci., 2(7), 44-53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohan Raj V., Padmavathy S. and Sivakumar S., Water quality Parameters and it influences in the Ennore estuary and near Coastal Environment with respect to Industrial and Domestic sewage, Inter. Res. J. of Environ. Sci., 2(7),  20-25 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dubey Savita,  Analysis of  Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kshipra river Water at Ujjain, India Inter. Res. J. of Environ. Sci.,2(7), 1-4 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zaker Y., Hossain M.A. and Islam T.S.A., Effect of Various Factors on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Silt Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh, Inter. Res. J. of Environ. Sci., 2(6), 1-7 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Screening of Pathogenic Microorganisms from Commercially Important Marine Fishes off Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour, East coast of India<#LINE#>S.@Geetha,V.@GovindaRao,N.@MuddulaKrishna,RamSai@Reddy.N,K.@RameshBabu<#LINE#>47-51<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-213.pdf<#LINE#> P.G Dept. of Microbiology Visakha Govt. UG and PG College for Women, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, INDIADepartment of Marine Living Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA <#LINE#>23/9/2014<#LINE#>19/10/2014<#LINE#>The present study was carried out for microbial investigation to screening of pathogenic microorganism from selected commercially important edible fish samples from the fishing harbour off Visakhapatnam. The study was performed during the period of April 2012 to March 2013. Selectively, three commercially important fishes were used to evaluate the quality of fish samples in terms of microbial content, using Agar plate method. Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total coliform counts (TCC) Total faecal coli form counts (TFCC) was performed in the fishes ofAreolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus), Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and Indo-Pacific king mackerel(Scoberomorus guttatus). 10gms of fresh muscle was swabbed from the dorsal fin region and was chosen as the target sample for the estimation of the microbial load. The TBC ranged from 1.6x 10cfu/g to 2.75.96x 10 cfu/g, while the total coliform count and faecal coliform not exceeded the acceptable limit recommended by FAO. The highly pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., were mostly present in the collected fish samples. The main findings of this study inferred that the fish obtained from these sources passers potentially pathogenic microorganisms. <#LINE#> @ @ Varadharajan D., Pushparajan N. and Soundarapandin P., Fish Resources in Mallipattinam Coast, South East Coast of India, Inter. J. Pharma. Biol. Archives(2012) @No $ @ @ Gillespie I.A., Adak G.K., O Brien S.J., Brett M.M. and Bolton F.J., General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease associated with fish and shellfish, England and Wales, 1992-1999, Common Dis Publ123 (2001) @No $ @ @ Boyd R.F., General Microbiology, Published by Times Mirror/Mosby College, 459-461 (1984) @No $ @ @ Forsskal P., Descriptiones animalium; avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium, quae in ininere oriental observavit, Hauniae, 20 +(1775) @No $ @ @ Euphrasen B.A., Beskrifning pa trenne fiskar. Handl. K. Vetensk. Akad, 52, 9 (1788) @No $ @ @ Bloch M.E and Schneider J.G., M.E. Blochii Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interG. Schneider, Saxo Berolini, xi+584, 110 7.Froese R. and Pauly D. (eds) FishBase, electronic publication, www.fishbase.org8.Begum Mahmuda, Abu Tweb Abu Ahmed, Das Monika. and Praveen Sahana, A comparative microbiological assessment of five types of selected fishes collected from two different markets, Advances in biological research, 4(5), 259-265 (2010) @No $ @ @ Figure-2 Incidences of the various isolates in cultures nd Soundarapandin P., Fish Resources in Mallipattinam Coast, South East Coast Inter. J. Pharma. Biol. Archives, 3(4), 871-876Gillespie I.A., Adak G.K., O Brien S.J., Brett M.M. and Bolton F.J., General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease associated with fish and shellfish, England and Common Dis Public Health,, 117-Boyd R.F., General Microbiology, Published by Times (1984) @No $ @ @ Forsskal P., Descriptiones animalium; avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium, quae in ininere oriental observavit, Hauniae, 20 + xxxiv + 164, Euphrasen B.A., Beskrifning pa trenne fiskar. Handl. K. Bloch M.E and Schneider J.G., M.E. Blochii Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit J. G. Schneider, Saxo Berolini, xi+584, 110 (1801) @No $ @ @ FishBase, World Wide Web www.fishbase.org(2010) @No $ @ @ Abu Ahmed, Das Monika. and Praveen Sahana, A comparative microbiological assessment of five types of selected fishes collected from Advances in biological research, 9.Shewan J.M., The microbiology of sea water fisBorgstron (editor), fish as food vol, (Acad. press Inc, NY),  12,  487 (1961) @No $ @ @ 0.ICMSF, Microorganisms in Foods and Sampling for microbial analysis. International Commission of Microbiological Standards for Food, University of Toronto Press Canada, 92-104, 11.Okoro C.C., Aboaba O.O. and Babajide O.J, Quality Assessment of a Nigerian Marine Fish, Mullet (falcipinnis) under different Storage Conditions, Science Journal, 3(8), 21-28 12.International association of microbiological so(IAMS), (www.microbial standard.com), 13.Prithwiraj Jha, Rudra Prasad Roy and Bharat S, Application of sensory and micropbial analysis of assess quality of fish in Siliguri city if west Bengal, IndiaEnv. Biol.,31(5) 587-594 (2010) @No $ @ @ 4.Hadin E.L., Radu S, Chen C.H. and Nishibuchi M, Prevalnalence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in the seafood marketed in Malaysia, 1469-1475 ( 2004) @No $ @ @ 5.Pelczar C. and Krieg,  Microbiology concepts and applications, Megrawhill New York, 16.Tryfinopoulo. P, Tsakalidou E. and Nuchas G.j.E., Characterization of Pseudomonas sp. Associated with spoilage of gilt-heat bream stored under various conditions, Applied and Environmental Microbiology68(1), 65-72 (2002) @No $ @ @ 7.Food and Agriculture OrganiBacteriaEpinephelus areolatus Pampus argenteus  Scomberomorus guttatus _______________________________ ISSN 2319–1414      Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.            50  Shewan J.M., The microbiology of sea water fish. In G. Borgstron (editor), fish as food vol, (Acad. press Inc, ICMSF, Microorganisms in Foods and Sampling for microbial analysis. International Commission of Microbiological Standards for Food, University of 104, (1978) @No $ @ @ Okoro C.C., Aboaba O.O. and Babajide O.J, Quality Assessment of a Nigerian Marine Fish, Mullet (Liza ) under different Storage Conditions, New York 28 (2010) @No $ @ @ International association of microbiological societies (IAMS), (www.microbial standard.com), (1962) @No $ @ @ Prithwiraj Jha, Rudra Prasad Roy and Bharat S, Application of sensory and micropbial analysis of assess quality of fish in Siliguri city if west Bengal, India, J. (2010) @No $ @ @ L., Radu S, Chen C.H. and Nishibuchi M, Prevalnalence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in the seafood marketed in Malaysia, J. Food Prot, 67(7),Pelczar C. and Krieg,  Microbiology concepts and applications, Megrawhill New York, (1993) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 51Regulations Applied to Fish by the Major Importing Countries, FAO Fisheries Circular No 825 FAO, Rome, (1989) @No $ @ @ 18.International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF), Sampling plans for fish and shellfish, in : Microorganisms in Foods. Sampling for Microbiological Analysis : Principles and Scientific Applications, 2(2) University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, 181-196, (1986) @No
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Characteristics of a Fresh Water Lake Koppa, Bhadravathi Taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>@AjayanK.V,T@ParameswaraNaik<#LINE#>52-56<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-216.pdf<#LINE#>Department of P.G Studies and Research in Botany, Karnataka State Women’s University-Bijapur, 586109, INDIA Department of   Botany and Seed Technology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, INDIA <#LINE#>th/8/2014<#LINE#>th/9/2014<#LINE#>This investigation was carried out in fresh water lake Koppa; it belongs to the largest lake of Bhadravathi taluk of Shimoga district. The one year analysis of physico-chemical characters of lake water revealed that Koppa is moderately polluted. Lake is mainly dependence on irrigation, domestic and aqua culture. A total of 23 physico-chemical parameters were analyzed; bicarbonates, total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, calcium, sodium and free carbon dioxide were comparatively high to potassium, phosphate, nitrates, nitrites and iron. The water have affordable levels of Dissolved oxygen (DO), PH, Conductivity, Total dissolved solids and Water temperature. The carbonates were shown nil throughout the sampling periods and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were less, it indicated that water body was so biologically not as much of polluted. <#LINE#> @ @ Peter S.N., Bricker O. and Kenned Y.M., Water quality trends and geochemical mass balance, John Willy and Sons, 139-170 (1997) @No $ @ @ APHA (American Public Health Association), AWWA, WEF. [For the Examination of Water and waste water] standard methods Book 20th Edition Washington, DC, (1995) @No $ @ @ Sexena M.M., Environmental Analysis : Water, Soil and Air Sed. Ed. Agro Botanical Publishers, India, (1990) @No $ @ @ Bhasin S.K and Sudha Rani., Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry (water analysis), 15th Edition. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company, New Delhi, 95-97 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jayaraman P.R., Ganga Devi T. and Nayar Vasudevan T., Water quality studies on Karamana River, Thiruvananthapuram district, South Kerala, Ind. Pollut. Res., 22, 89- 100 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tiwari S., Dixit S. and Gupta S.K., An evaluation of various physico-chemical parameters in surface waters of Shahpura late, Bhopal, Pollut. Res,23, 829-832 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zafer A.R., Certain aspects of distribution pattern of phytoplankton in the lake of Hyderabad In: Proc.Sym.on Recent Advances in Tropical Ecology., Varanasi, India, 368-375 (1968) @No $ @ @ Gupta M.C and Sharma L.L., Diel variation in select water quality parameters and zooplankton in a shallow pond of Udaipur, Rajasthan, J. Ecobiol, 5, 139-142 (1993) @No $ @ @ George J.P., Aquatic Ecosystem: Structure, Degradation, Strategies for Management. Recent Advances in Exobiological Research, M. P (Ed). A.P.H. Publ. House, New Delhi, 603 (1997) @No $ @ @ Khadsan R.E., Mangesh V and Kadu V., Drinking Water Quality Analysis of Some Bore Wells Water of Chikhli town, Maharastra,  J. Indus. Poll. Cont., 20, 31-36 ( 2003) @No $ @ @ Singh D.N., Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters in Ox-Bow Lake, Geobios,  27,120-124 (2000) @No $ @ @ Venkateswarlu V., An ecological study of the algae in the river Moosi, Hyderabad (India) with special reference to water pollution,  I. Physico-chemical complexes, Hydrobiologia., 33, 117-143 (1969) @No $ @ @ Manikya Reddy P., Ecological studies in the river Tungabhadra (A.P) with special reference to the effect of paper mill effluents on the river, Ph.D.Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, (1984) @No $ @ @ Baruah B.K, Talukdar S. and Brotholcur C.R., Water Quality of Ponds in Chadrapur Area of Kamrup Dist., Assam,  Env. Eco and Con.,16, 254256 (1984) @No
<#LINE#>Characterization and Source identification of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Visakhapatnam, India<#LINE#>K.S.1*@Kulkarni,S.K.2@Sahu,L.1@VaikuntaRao,P@,@itG.G.2,Lakshmana@DasN.<#LINE#>57-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-217.pdf<#LINE#>1 GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530 045, INDIA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, INDIA <#LINE#>28/9/2014<#LINE#>15/10/2014<#LINE#>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be hazardous atmospheric contaminants due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. In the present study, 16 particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in air particulate matter samples (PM10collected during March 2010 to February 2011 at an industrial cum residential area in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The samples were investigated for atmospheric concentrations, seasonal variation and potent sources of PAHs. Particulate matter samples were collected on glass fiber filter papers using high Volume Sampler and analyzed by HPLC/UV-VIS detector. The annual concentrations of total PAHs varied between 23.3 to 104.9 ngm3. The dominating PAHs were Acy, Ace, Phen, Pyr, B(ghi)P, B(a)P, and B(k)F. The PAHs concentrations were found to be elevated in winter than summer and monsoon. The total PAHs concentration during winter was about twice than the concentrations in summer and about 2.6 times higher than the concentration in monsoon. Higher PAHs concentrations in winter were mainly due to the privileged meteorological conditions in winter. The two and three ring PAHs were predominant than four, five and six ring PAHs and contributed to about 56% of total PAHs. The correlation studies showed that meteorological conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and rainfall strongly affected the PAHs concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) studies of the data indicated that coal combustion, diesel and gasoline powered vehicular emissions, lubricating oil burning and stationary sources like steel plant were the major sources of PAHs at study site. <#LINE#> @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 63The fifth factor was responsible for 5.09% of the total variance. This factor was strongly loaded with Anth (0.919) @No $ @ @  Anth mainly indicates stationary sources like steel industry, power plant etc14,24. Thus the dominant sources of PAHs in the ambient air of Vizag were mainly coal combustion, diesel and gasoline powered vehicles, lubricating oil burnings and stationary sources like power plant and steel industry. Conclusion For the study, the concentrations of TPAHs varied between 23.4 and 104.9 ngm-3 with average concentration of 57ngm-3. The dominating PAHs were Acy, Ace, Phen, Pyr, B(ghi)P, B(a)P, and B(k)F. The two and three ring PAHs were predominant than four, five and six ring PAHs and contributed to about 56% of total PAHs. The potent six carcinogenic PAHs mentioned by IARC accounted for 18% of the total PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were found to be elevated in winter than summer and monsoon. The total PAHs concentration during winter was about twice than the concentrations in summer and about 2.6 times higher than the concentration in monsoon. The average W/S ratio for TPAH was 1.9 and that of the W/M ratio was 2.6. The inverse correlation between PAHs and temperature, relative humidity and rainfall suggested that these meteorological conditions strongly affect the PAHs concentrations. Molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) studies of the data indicated that coal combustion, diesel and gasoline powered vehicular emissions, lubricating oil burning and stationary sources from steel plant were the major sources of PAHs at study site. Coal combustion and stationary sources are signatures of thermal power plant and steel industry. The reason for such a high concentration of PAHs in the ambient air of Vizag can be the increased vehicular traffic and use of fossil fuels due to growth in human population.  References 1.Syed Ussain Saheb, Sepuri Seshaiah and Buddolla Viswanath, Environment and Their Legal Issues in India, Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(3), 44-51(2012) @No $ @ @ 2.Mir Tariq Ahmad, Manderia Sushil and Manderia Krishna, Influence of dye industrial effluent on physico chemical characteristics properties of soil at Bhairavgarh, Ujjain MP, India,  I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(1), 50-53 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Ladwani Kiran D., Ladwani Krishna D., Manik Vivek S. and Ramteke Dilip S., Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Agricultural Soil, I. Res. J. 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<#LINE#>Mining and People's Protest: A Study in India's North East<#LINE#>Jhimli@Bhattacharjee<#LINE#>65-70<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-119.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Sociology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>10/6/2014<#LINE#>11/8/2014<#LINE#>Drawing on three case studies, this paper highlights the opposition faced by mining projects in North East India. The paper emphasizes on the issues on which opposition is made by people’s groups and the strategies involved in engaging in activism against mining. It has been seen that the mining over here has a similarity of issues of opposition which are found in the other parts of the country as well as in the world. These issues involve threat to cultural erosion, displacement of people and impact on environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Fernandes  Walter, Mines, Mining and Displacement in India in Gurdeep Singh et al Managing the Social and Environmental  Consequences of Coal Mining in IndiaDhanbad, The Indian School of Mines University, 333344 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tiwary R.K. and Dhar B.B., Environmental Pollution from Coal Mining Activities in Damodar River Basin, India, Mine Water and the Environment, 3, 1-10 (1994) @No $ @ @ Downig T.E., Avoiding New Poverty : Mining Induced Displacement and Resettlement, IIED and WBCSD, London, Research paper, 58,(2002) @No $ @ @ Green Groups Explore Legal Action to Halt Massive Queensland Coalmine, The guardian,(2013) @No $ @ @ William N Holden and Daniel R., Jacobson Civil Society’s Opposition to Nonferous Metals Mining in Guatemala in Voluntas, 19, 325-350 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jitendra Das, Villagers intensify protest against Vedanta in.reuters.com/article/2009/01/17/idIndia-37504320090117 visited on 13/11/2014, (2014) @No $ @ @ Fernandes Walter, Mines, Mining and Displacement in India’ in Gurdeep Singh et al  Managing the Social and Environmental Consequences of Coal Mining in IndiaDhanbad, The Indian School of Mines University, 333344, (2007) @No $ @ @ Dutta Ranjit, North Eastern Coal fields at a Glance in Dihing Patkoi Festival, a souvenir, 59 (2003) @No $ @ @ New Uranium Mining Projects, Meghalaya, India cited in www.wise-uranium.org/imprint.htm visited on 13/11/2014 (2014) @No $ @ @ Lyngdoh G.W., Why Lafarge Limestone  put on hold ?, Meghalaya Times, (2014) @No
<#LINE#>Employees' Retention Problem in Pakistani Business Environment: with special reference to Construction Field<#LINE#>Lubna@Ahsan,Qazi@Burhan,Shahabuddin@Syed,Faisal@Javaid<#LINE#>71-77<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-181.pdf<#LINE#>Hamdard University, Karachi, PAKISTAN Signature Solutions, Karachi, PAKISTAN  FUUAST, Karachi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>9/8/2014<#LINE#>14/10/2014<#LINE#>Employees’ retention means to question why our employee leaves company or organization. Gaining employee retention is very necessary to motivate them to work more efficiently. This article aimed to study the executive’s opinion on attributes of employee retention; to identify the factors that impact employee engagement level and work life balance; to evaluate the rates of employee retention among different departments; to discover whether the working condition and job satisfaction leads to employee retention; and to explore the influence of the following determinants on employee retention, (such as, Career opportunities, Reward, Supervisor support, Work environment and Work life balance). The study found a positive but weak relationship among job satisfaction and working environment, gender, age group, rewards and recognition, growth and development opportunities, and health and related benefits.  <#LINE#> @ @ Cardy R. and Lengnick-Hall M., Will they stay or will they go? Exploring a customer-oriented approach to employee retention, Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(2), 213-217 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shahabuddin Syed, The Role of Multimedia Super Corridor in the cyber development of Malaysia, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 33-37 (2014) @No $ @ @ AL Damoe F., Yazam M., and Ahmid K., The mediating effect of HRM outcomes (employee retention) on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2(1),75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 77learning: A regression analysis, International Journal of Business Research And Management, 3(2), 60-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Irshad M., Factors affecting employee retention: evidence from literature review, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 84-102 (2011) @No $ @ @ Khan R., Aslam H. and Lodhi I., Compensation Management : A strategic conduit towards achieving employee retention and Job Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 1(1), 89 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ahmed Azrain Adnan, Noor Azeanti Mohd Nasir and Dalfiza Mohd Arif, Bank Choice Behaviour among Malaysian Muslims : A Qualitative Approach, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 1-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Masood R., Stress management : A key to employee retention. Management Insight, 7(1), (2012) @No $ @ @ McCole D., Jacobs J., Lindley B., McAvoy L. et al., The relationship between seasonal employee retention and sense of community: the case of summer camp employment, Journal of Park And Recreation Administration, 30(2), (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohlala J., Goldman G. and Goosen X., Employee retention within the Information Technology Division of a South African Bank : Original research, SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(2), 1-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Muhammad A., Nadeem S., and Ashfaq A., Modeling link between internal service quality in human resources management and employees retention: A case of Pakistani privatized and public sector banks, African Journal of Business Management, 5(3), 949-959 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patel P. and Conklin B., Perceived Labor Productivity in Small Firms : The Effects of High-Performance Work Systems and Group Culture Through Employee Retention, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 205-235 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sandhya K. and Kumar D., Employee retention by motivation, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12), 1778-1782 (2011) @No $ @ @ Minj Hemant Prakash, Role of Knowledge and Information in Promoting Sustainable Development, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,2(2),52-58 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sandhya K. and Kumar D., Employee retention by motivation, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12), 1778-1782 (2011) @No $ @ @ Borkar Suneeta and Sameer Koranne, Conceptual Study of relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,3(2), 9-14 (2014) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya C., Sen S., and Korschun D., Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent, MIT Sloan Management Review, 49, (2012) @No $ @ @ Zahid Muhammad Bilal, Effects of Exposure to mainstream Media in Changing Political Behaviour and Party Affiliation: A case study of university of Gujrat, Pakistan, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(12), 29-34 (2013) @No $ @ @ Abhijit Bora, Science Communication through Mass Media, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,  1(1), 10-15(2012) @No $ @ @ Shahabuddin Syed., Problems of English Language in Pakistani Universities: Case of International Relations as Subject, Research Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(5), 1-4 (2014) @No $ @ @ Mohlala J., Goldman G., and Goosen X., Employee retention within the Information Technology Division of a South African Bank : Original research, SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(2), 1-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hassan M., Hassan S., Din Khan K. and Naseem M., Employee Retention as a Challenge in Leather Industry, Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, online, 11(2), (2011) @No $ @ @ Terera S. and Ngirande H., The impact of rewards on job satisfaction and employee retention, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, online, 5(1), 481 (2014) @No $ @ @ Yamamoto H., The relationship between employee benefit management and employee retention, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(17), 3550-3564 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Environmental Impact Assessment on Soil Pollution Issue about Human Health<#LINE#>Gangadhar@ZawareSandeep<#LINE#>78-81<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-203.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Raj., INDIA <#LINE#>5/9/2014<#LINE#>18/10/2014<#LINE#> Soils are formed by the decomposition of rock and organic matter over many years. Soil properties vary from place to place with difference in bedrock composition, climate and other factors. Certain chemical elements occur naturally in soils as components of minerals, yet may be toxic at some concentration. Other potentially harmful substance may be end up in soils through human activities. Soil contamination may be responsible for health effects costing millions of Euros, but studies to quantify the true cost are in their infancy. Health problems from cancer (Arsenic, Asbestos, Dioxins), to neurological damage and lower IQ (Lead, Arsenic), kidney disease (Lead, Mercury. 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<#LINE#>The Contemporary Scenario of Indian Renewable Energy Sector<#LINE#>Ahmad@MdAquil,Khalid@Shadab,@ShadmanHussainQaisar,Gourav@Tiwari<#LINE#>82-89<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-225.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, INDIA <#LINE#>12nd/10/2014<#LINE#>14/11/2014<#LINE#>The paper focuses on the contemporary scenario of renewable energy sources in India. Wind, biomass, small hydro and solar constitutes India’s renewable energy sources. India is a large country with an area of 3,287,263 sq. kilometers. Thus, it has access to ample of renewable resources. With prevailing threats of global warming and exhaustion of conventional energy sources, it becomes mandatory to exploit renewable sources and to develop technologies for efficient extraction of power from them. India has shown remarkable growth in its renewable sector over the last decade. In India, the total installed capacity of power generation from all sources is 2,45,401 MW as on March,2014. About 31,702 MW of power is generated from renewable sources which constitutes nearly 13% of the total installed capacity. India has high capacity of power generation from wind. Nearly 67% of power is generated by wind alone from total renewable installed capacity. Comprehensively, it is increasingly essential to develop renewable energy conversion systems since they provide environmental benefits as well as other benefits to humans like energy security, job creation, economic growth and lesser dependency upon the exhaustible energy resources <#LINE#> @ @ Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st century (REN 21), Renewables,Global Status Report, Paris, France, (2014) @No $ @ @ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India, Annual Report (2013-14) 3.Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Government of India, Monthly Report- November, (2013) @No $ @ @ 4.Fried L., Sawyer S., Shukla S., Qiao L., Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), Global Wind Report, Annual Market Update, (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Madhu S., Payal S., A Review of Wind Energy Scenario in India, Int. Res J. of Env. Sc., 3(4), 87-92 (2014) @No $ @ @ 6.Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), Chennai, India, Annual Report, accessed at http://www.cwet.tn. nic.in/Docu/Annual_report/English/Annual_Report_2012_2013_English.pdf, (2012-13)7.National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE), Government of India,  accessed at http://www.cwet.tn.nic.in, (2014) @No $ @ @ 8.Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), India Wind Energy Outlook, accessed at http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/India-Wind-Energy-Outlook-2012.pdf, (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.India Energy Congress, World Energy council India, India Energy Book (IEB),  accessed at http://www.indiaenergycongress.in/iec/ieb2012_1.pdf, (2012) @No $ @ @ 10.Murthy.V.A.V., India’s Solar Energy Future, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), (2014) @No $ @ @ 11.World Wind Energy Association (WWEA),Half Yearly Report accessed at  http://www.wwindea.org/ webimages/Half-year_report_2013.pdf, (2013) @No $ @ @ 2.Indian Wind Energy Association (INWEA)accessed at http://www.inwea.org/index.htm, (2014) @No $ @ @ 3.International Energy Agency (IEA), accessed at http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/ publication/IEA_Annual_Report_publicversion.pdf, (2012) @No $ @ @ 4.Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency(IREDA) Ltd., Government of India, accessed at http://www.ireda.gov.in/forms/contentpage.aspx?lid=1455, (2014) @No $ @ @ 5.Statista, accessed at http://www.statista.com/ topics/993/ solar-pv/, (2014) @No $ @ @ 6.www.energynext.in, www.intersolar.in, www. Energy literacy.org, (2014) @No