@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Organophosphate Pesticide, Nuvan on Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)<#LINE#>Irshadahmad@Shaikh,R.K.@Gautam<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-117.pdf<#LINE#> School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, INDIA <#LINE#>7/6/2014<#LINE#>31/8/2014<#LINE#>In the present study, effects of various concentrations of Nuvan (2, 2 dichlorovinyl dimethylphosphate) exposures on days 7, 15, 30 and 60 for many serum biochemical parameters in the freshwater teleost fish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were photometrically investigated. The 96h LC50 value of Nuvan was estimated by using log-dose probit regression line method. On the basis of LC50 value, the sub-lethal concentrations were determined as 0.26 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L which are 1/25, 1/20 and 1/15 of LC50 respectively. Well acclimated fishes from both control and treated group were sacrificed after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and blood samples were collected. Various biochemical parameters such as Serum total Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Serum Bilrubin and Serum Urea has been studied as diagnostic tools. In general significant effects (p0.05) from different concentrations and time of exposure were observed in exposed fishes. It was found that significant alterations in all the biochemical parameters were dose dependant as well as duration dependent. Results indicated that serum total protein and Serum Albumin decreased significantly where as Serum Creatinine, Bilurubin and Serum Urea increased with increase in Nuvan concentration and time of exposure when compared with control groups.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hazarika R. and Das M., Toxicological impact of BHC on the ovary of the air breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Bull. Environ. Contam. 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Oliver and Boyd, Edinburg (1963) @No $ @ @ Medda C., Sarkar S.K., Ganguly S. and Basu T.K., Effects of dichlorovos on some important bioindicators of two freshwater major carps, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, J. Inland Fish Soc. India, 24, 36-39 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ravichandran S.K., Midhunashanti and Indira N., Impact of phenol on protein metabolism in the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus, Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, , 33-37 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mekkawy A.A., Hussain S.Y. and Ahmad S.M., Comparative studies on the effects of herbicide atrazine on some blood constituents and protein electrophoretic patterns of Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthyes auratus at Assiut, Egypt Journal of Egypt German Society of Zoology,19, 283-319 (1996) @No $ @ @ Arasta T., Bais V. S. and Thakur P., Effect of nuvan on some biochemical parameters of Indian catfish Mystus Vittatus, J. Environ. 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Y., Some biochemical and pathological investigations on Monosex tilapia following chronic exposure to carbofuran pesticide, Global Veterinaria,1, 45-52 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ramesh M. and Sarvanan M., Haematological and biochemical responses in a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to Chlorpyrifos., International Journal of Integrative Biology, , 82-85 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma G., Malla F.A and Singh S., An assay on the effect of indofil toxicity on the total serum protein content of Channa punctatus (Bloch)Biology and Medicine, 1, 25-27 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ogamba E.N., Inyang I.R. and Azuma I.K., Effect of paraquat dichloride on some metabolic and enzyme parameters of Clarias gariepinus, Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences,, 186-190 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jee J.H., Masroor E. and Kang J.C., Response of cypermethrin induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastesschlegeli(Hilgendorf), Aquaculture Resesrch, 36, 898-905 (2005) @No $ @ @ John P.J., Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to metasystox and sevin, Fish Physiol. Biochem.,33, 15-20 (2007) @No $ @ @ Velisek J.Z., Svobodova V. Piackova L.   Novotny J. Blahova E.  Sudova and Maly V., Effects of metribuzin on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Veterinarni Medicina, 53, 324-332 (2008) @No $ @ @ Min E.Y. and Kang C., Effect of water born benomyl on the haematological and antioxidant parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Pest. Bioch. and Physiology, 92, 138-143 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rani R. and Gautam R.K., Biochemical studies on blood of Channa punctatus (Bloch.) after Nuvan toxicity. Ph. D. thesis Department of Zoology, Dr. Bhim. Rao Ambedkar University, Agra (2009) @No $ @ @ Jayantha Rao K., Azhar B. and Ramamurthy K., Effect of a systemic pesticide phosphonidon some aspects of freshwater fish Tilapia mossambica, Ind. J. Environ. Hlth,26, 60-64 (1984) @No $ @ @ Jyothi B., Narayan G., Certain pesticide induced
carbohydrate metabolic disorders in the serum of freshwater fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.), Food and Chemical Technology, 37, 417-421 (1999) @No $ @ @ Okonkwo F.O., Ejike C.E.C.C., Anoka A.N., Onwurah I.N.E., Toxicological Studies on the Short Term Exposure of Clarias albopunctatus (Lamonte and Nichole 1927) to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Roundup, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 16, 939-944 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ogoruvwe O.J. and Kori-Siakpere O., Alterations in the Activities of the Nitrogenous Wasteof Clarias Gariepinus after Intramuscular Injection with Aqueous Extracts of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaves, Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences,, 35-38 (2012) @No $ @ @ Borges  A., Scotti  L.V., Siqueira  D.R, Zanini.  R., Amaral  F., Jurinitz  D.F. and Wassermann  G.F., Changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in jundiá Rhamdia quelen due to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin. Chemosphere., 69, 920-926 (2007) @No $ @ @ Goel K.A. and Maya, Haematological anomalies inn Clarias batrachus under the stress of Rogor, Ad. Bios., , 187-192 (1986) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Study of Water Quality Index with the help of Remote Sensing and GIS for Ground Water Sources between Ganga and Yamuna River Siwalik region in Doon Valley in Outer Himalaya<#LINE#>Devendra@Singh,Anju@Panwar,Ashutosh@Kainthola,Sapana@Bartwal<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-140.pdf<#LINE#>Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Dehradun,INDIA @ Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, INDIA <#LINE#>2/7/2014<#LINE#>19/8/2014<#LINE#>Ground water is a natural resource shared by both individual and industry. In the Uttarakhand state, much of residential rural water use comes from domestic ground-water wells, streams and small rivers. The chemical nature of natural water may serve as a useful tracer for several geohydrological processes. The total dissolved solids; hardness Eh pH etc in water often indicates frequent local fluctuations in the water-table.In the Uttarakhand state, much of residential rural water use comes from domestic ground-water wells, streams and small rivers. The present study carried out for the sources between Ganga and Yamuna River of Siwalik region in Doon Valley in Outer Himalaya.The objective of the present study to evaluatewater quality index (WQI) with the help of Remote Sensing and GIS. To carry out the investigation, water samples from different locations were collected and analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) for the water was computed which based testes conducted for their pH, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, iron, manganese,  total dissolved solids ( TDS) and total hardness content. The WQI values for the tested samples from the study area ranged between 50 to450. The WQI value of &#65533;100 was found for Chandrabani, SukhRao, Mohand, Thanda Sort, Mothorowala, Kaliyanpur and Donkwala areas.  Higher content of iron, nitrate, TDS, hardness, flourides, bicarbonates and manganese in the water from these areas is responsible for the higher WQI. To prevent the detrimental effect of the contaminated water it is advised that the water from the above mentioned areas should be treated before consumption. <#LINE#> @ @ Yogendra K. and Puttaiah E.T., the 12th world lake conference, 342-346, (2008) @No $ @ @ APHA (American Public Health Association) Standard method for examination of Water and waste water, NW, DC 20036, (1994) @No $ @ @ BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) 10500, Indian standard drinking water specification, First revision,  1-8, (1991) @No $ @ @ Chanda D.K., Hydrology J, 7(5), 431-439, (1999) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishnaiah C.R., Sadashivaiah C. and RangannaG., E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 523-530 (2009) @No $ @ @ Challerjee R., Tarafder G. and Paul S., Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment, 69(1), 137-141, (2009) @No $ @ @ Director of Census Operations, District Census Handling of Karnataka, Census of India, (2001) @No $ @ @ Gupta S, Kumar A, Ojha C K and Singh G, J Environmental Science and Engineering., 46(1), 74-78, (2004) @No $ @ @ Harilal C.C., Hashim A., Arun P.R. and Baji S., J Ecology, Environment and Conservation,10(2), 187-192 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kumaraswamy N, J Pollut Res.,10(1), 13-20 (1999) @No $ @ @ Priti Singh, I.A. Khan, international journal of geomaticsand geosciences, 2(2), 2011 @No $ @ @ Purandara B.K., Varadarajan N. and Jayashree K., Poll Res., 22(2), 189, (2003) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.C. and Patel R.K., Indian J Environ Ecoplan, 5(2), 293-298, (2001) @No $ @ @ Naik S. and Purohit K.M., Indian J Environ Ecoplan, 5(2), 397-402, (2001) @No $ @ @ Sawyer G.N. and Carthy Mc D.L., Chemistry of sanitary Engineers, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 518 (1967) @No $ @ @ Singh D.F., Proc Acad  Environ  Biol., 1(1), 61-66, (1992) @No $ @ @ Tiwari T.N. and Mishra M.A., Indian J Environ Proc.,, 276-279, (1985) @No $ @ @ WHO (World Health Organization) Guidelines for drinking water quality, 2(1), 188, (1993) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Nearshore Water Quality of Rameswaram Island, Southeast Coast of India – A Statistical Assessment<#LINE#>K.@Kathiravan,Usha@Natesan,R.@Vishnunath<#LINE#>12-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-156.pdf<#LINE#> Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai – 600 025, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>14/7/2014<#LINE#>20/9/2014<#LINE#>Rameswaram Island, located on the southeast coast of India in Tamil Nadu, is the main pilgrimage site influenced by anthropogenic intercessions. Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of nearshore water quality was carried out during April 2011 – March 2012 to explicate its quality variations. Principal component analysis was applied to the whole data to be factorized from which the total variability extraction and existing set of different physicochemical parameters linear relationships were obtained. In PCA, high loadings were obtained for pH, temperature, SPM, salinity, DO, BOD, nutrient species of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Seasonal variations of the physicochemical parameters are observed with high deterioration of the water quality during summer.  <#LINE#> @ @ Rao.V.J., Kavitha P., Srikanth K., Usman P.K. and Gnaneshwar Rao T., Environmental contamination using accumulation of metals in marine sponge, Sigmadocia fibulata inhabiting the coastal waters of Gulf of Mannar, India, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 89(3), 487-498, (2007) @No $ @ @ Alongi D.M., Coastal ecosystem processes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, (1998) @No $ @ @ Bong. C.W. and Lee. C.W., Nearshore and Offshore Comparison of Marine Water Quality Variables Measured During SESMA 1, Malaysian Journal of Science, 27(3), 25–31, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sulochana B. and Muniyandi K., Hydrographic parameters off Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay during an year of abnormal rainfall, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 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<#LINE#>Physical Impact Assessment (Air and Noise Component) of Waste Water Treatment Plant for Mehmood Booti/Salamat Pura, Shadbagh and North Site, Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>@SaulatBeenish,Amina@Abrar<#LINE#>24-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-162.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>22nd/7/2014<#LINE#>17/9/2014<#LINE#> Estuarine water quality and species composition of phytoplankton was studied from July 2011 to June 2012 at four locations in Manakudy estuary .Water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, BOD levels were detected. 57 species of the phytoplankton were identified from all the locations.  Diatoms were the most diverse group with 33 species followed by the Green algae (12); the blue green algae (7) and din flagellates (5) species. The percentage distribution of Bacillariophyta (74.23%) in station 2 contributed more, among all the stations. during the study period. The observation from the study revealedi that phytoplankton density is not very good predictors for the changes in water quality in the study area.  <#LINE#> @ @ Figure2- Percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the study sites of Manakudy estuary from July’11 to June‘12The present study of the manakudy estuary indicates that the salinity level is the main factor responsible for variation in the hydrobiology. In this estuarine ecosystem, the main cause of the on of sandbars in bar mouth is the major reason for the hydrobiologicalchanges. Diatoms were dominated throughout the study period.  Rainfall, which have a direct effect on the density and distribution of phytoplankton species. Tidal iversity indices too low level through the interchange of estuarine and marine communities and the favouring of distinct species in different sectors of the estuary. In the sampling stations, 15 species were present in all the he Manakudy estuary has been polluted by domestic sewages, disposal of coconut husk retting ., Chapin F.S., Armesto  J.J.,  Berlow  E.,  Bloomfield  J.,  Dirzo  R .,  HuberL.F.,  Jackson  R.B., Kinzig A., Leemans  R.,  Lodge  D.M.,  Mooney  H.A.,  Oesterheld  M.,  Poff N.L., Sykes M.T ., Walker B.H.,  Walker M. and Wall D.H., Global biodiversity scenarios for the year  2100, 1770- 1774, (2000) @No $ @ @ Kaiser  M.J., Attrill  M.J., Jennings .S., Thomas  D.N., Barnes  D.K., Brierley  A.S., Polunin  N.V.C.,  Raffaelli D.G. and Williams  P.J. le   B., Marine Ecology : Processes, systems and  impacts,University  press, 557, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ferreira J.G., Wolff W.J., SimasDoes biodiversity of estuarine phytohydrobiology, Ecological Modelling523(2005) @No $ @ @ Madhu   N.V., Jyothibabu R., Honey   U.K.,  Martin  G.D., Vijay  J.G.,  ShiyasGupta  G.V.M. and  Achuthankutty C.T_______________________________ ISSN 2319–1414      Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.            29   estuary from July’11 to June‘12Bloomfield  J.,  Dirzo  R .,  Huber-Sanwald E., Huenneke  Jackson  R.B., Kinzig A., Leemans  R.,  Lodge  D.M.,  Mooney  H.A.,  Oesterheld  M.,  Poff N.L., Sykes M.T ., Walker B.H.,  Walker M. and Wall D.H., Global biodiversity scenarios for the year  2100, Science, 287, M.J., Jennings .S., Thomas  D.N., Barnes  D.K., Brierley  A.S., Polunin  N.V.C.,  Raffaelli D.G. and Williams  P.J. le   B., Marine Ecology : Processes, systems and  impacts, Oxford, Oxford  (2005) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             30impact on planktonic standing stock and abundance in a tropical estuary  (Cochin  backwaters -  India), Estuarine, Coastal and  Shelf Science 73, 54- 64 (2007) @No $ @ @ 5.Tiwari A and Chauhan S.V.S., Seasonal phytoplanktonic diversity of Kitham Lake, Agra. J. Environ. Biol, 27, 35-38 (2006) @No $ @ @ 6.TasBeyhan and Arif Gonulol., An ecologic and taxonomic study on phytoplankton of a Shallow lake, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol,  28, 439-445(2007) @No $ @ @ 7.Buzzi F., Phytoplankton asseblages in two sub-basins of Lake Como, J. Limnol., 61: 117-128(2003) @No $ @ @ 8.Nedumaran   T., Ashok prabu V. and Perumal P., Ecology of phytoplankton of Vellar estuary and adjoining brackish water system, Karwar, Environ, Eco,6(1), 139- 147 (2001) @No $ @ @ 9.Karlson K., Rosenberg  R.,  Bonsdorff E ., Temporal and spatial large-scale effects of eutrophication and oxygen deficiency on benthic fauna in Scandinavian and Baltic waters.  A review, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev,  40, 427-489  (2002) @No $ @ @ 0.Hanninen  J., Vuorinen  I., Helminen H., Kirkkala T. and  Lehtil  K., Trends and  gradients in nutrient concentration and loading in the archipielagosea, Northern baltic, in 1970-1997, East coast, Shelf Sci., 50, 153- 171 (2000) @No $ @ @ Strickland J.D.H. and Parsons T.R: A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd., Canada, 167, 311(1972) @No $ @ @ 2.APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water, sewage and industrial wastes, 14th Edn., APHA lnc., New york. 1193 (1975) @No $ @ @ 3.Gopinathan C.P., Seasonal abundance of phytoplankton in the Cochin backwaters, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 14(2), 568-577 (1972) @No $ @ @ 4.Santhanam  R., Ramanathan  N., Venkataramanujam K. V. and  Jegatheesan G., Phytoplankton of the Indian seas .As aspects of Marine Botany, Daya Publishing  House, Delhi, 127 (1987) @No $ @ @ 5.Subrahmanyan R., Studies on the phytoplankton of the west coast of India, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 50B, 113- 187 (1959) @No $ @ @ 6.Cupp E.E., Marine plankton diatoms of the westcoast of  north America, Bull Scripps Inst. Oceanogr, 24, 81- 88 (1991) @No $ @ @ 7.Todd C.D and Laverack M.S., Coastal marine zooplankton – A practical Manual for students. Cambridge University Press, 106 (1991) @No $ @ @ 8.Perumal P., Sampathkumar P. and Santhanam P., Zooplankton of parangipettai coastal waters, Monogr. Series. Vol. 1. UGC- SAP, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, parangipettai, 31, (1998) @No $ @ @ 19.Hejabi T.A., Basavsrajappa H.T., Qaid Saeed A.M., Heavy metal pollution river sediments, Int. J. Environ. Res, 4(4) , 629-636 (2010) @No $ @ @ 0.Tundisi  J.G.O., Plâncton Estuarino, Contribuições Avulsas do instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 19, 1-22, (1970) @No $ @ @ 1.Rajaram R., Srinivasan M. And Rajasegar M.,  J. Environ. Biol, 26, 291-297, (1998) @No $ @ @ Senthil kumar  S.,  Santhanam P. and Perumal P., Diversity of phytoplankton in vellarestuary, South west coast of India, In: proc. 5th Indian Fisheries Forum Eds: Ayyappan S., Jena J.K. and Mohan Joseph  M, Published by AFSIB, Mangalore and  AeA, Bhubaneshwar, India, 245-248 (2002) @No $ @ @ 3.Santhanam P. and Perumal P., Diversity of zooplankton in Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 45, 144-151, (2003) @No $ @ @ 4.Soundarapandian P., Premkkumar T. and Dinakaran  G.K., Studies on the physic-chemical characteristics and nutrients in the Uppanar estuary of Cuddalore, south east coast of India, Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 1(3), 102-105, (2009) @No $ @ @ 5.Jiyalalram J.M., Algae and Water Pollution in Mahi Estuary, Journal of Indian Fisheries Association,  21, 31 –37 (1991) @No $ @ @ 6.Kadiri M.O., Phytoplankton Distribution in some Coastal Water of Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Botany, 12(1), 51 – 62 (1999) @No $ @ @ 7.Bragadeeswaran S., Rajasegar M., Srinivasan M. and Kanagarajan U.,  Sediment texture and nutrients  of  Arasalarestuary, Karaikkal, south-east coast of India, J. Environ. Biol,  2(8) 237-240 (2003) @No $ @ @ 8.Asha P.S. and Diwakar A.F., Hydrobiology of the inshore water off Tuticorin in the Gulf, J. Mar. Bio. Ass, India 49, 7-11(2007) @No $ @ @ 29.Saravanakumar  A.,  Rajkumar  M., Sesh Serebiah  J. and  Thivakaran  G.A., Seasonal variations in physic-chemical characteristics of water, Sediment and soil texture in a ridzone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat, J. Environ. Biol, 29 , 725-732 (2008) @No $ @ @ 0.Solai  A., Gandhi  S.M. and Sriram E.,   Implication of physical parameters and trace elements in surface water off  Pondicherry, Bay of Bengal, South East coast of India, International Journal of Environmental Science, 1(4), 529-542, (2010) @No $ @ @ 1.Sundaramanickam A., Sivakumar T., Kumaran R., Ammaiappan V., Velappan R., A Comparitive study of physic-chemical Investigation along Parangipettai and Cuddalore Coast, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1(1),  1-10 (2008) @No $ @ @ Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association             3132.Guinder V.A., Dinámica del fitoplancton en el Estuario de Bahía Blanca y surelación con las variables ambientales en el marco del cambioclimático global. PhD Dissertation, Universidad Nacionaldel Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina (2011) @No $ @ @ Wu J.T., Relation of change in river diatom assemblages to water pollution, Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica, 27,  237- 245, (1991) @No $ @ @ 4.Nwankwo D.I., Seasonal Changes in Phytoplankton Composition and Diversity in the Epe Lagoon, Nigeria, Acta Hydrobiologia, 40(2, 83 – 92, (1998) @No $ @ @ 5.Opute F.I., Contribution to the Knowledge of Algae of Nigeria I. Desmids from the Warri/Forcades Estuaries Part II, The Elongate Baculiform Desmids, Journal of Limnology, 59(2), 131 – 155, (2000) @No $ @ @ 6.Rajasegar M., Srinivasan M. and Rajaram R., Phytoplankton diversity associated with the shrimp farm development in Vellar estuary, South India, Seaweed Res. Utiln., 22, 125-131, (2000) @No $ @ @ 7.Ei-Gindy A.A.H and Dorghan M.M., Interrelation of phytoplankton, chlorophyll and physico-chemical factors in Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman during summer, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 21, 257-261(1992) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Particle Size Analysis of Soils and Its Interpolation using GIS Technique from Sangamner Area, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>Keshav@K.Deshmukh,Aher@SainathP.<#LINE#>32-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-164.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, S. N. Arts, D.J. Malpani Commerce and B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar, MS, INDIA @ Department of Geography, S. N. Arts, D.J. Malpani Commerce and B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>23/7/2014<#LINE#>31/8/2014<#LINE#>Soil is a substantial resource and displays adaptable physical, chemical, mineralogical, hydrological and geochemical properties. Particle size of any soil determines the productivity of crops. The soil textural distribution information is important for planning agriculture crop production, irrigation management, hydrological analysis and soil characteristics determination. However, high resolution soil particle information obtaining through manually field survey is time consuming and expensive. In view of this studies were carried out to know the particle size characteristics of soil in relation to soil textural and fertility status of Sangamner area of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. For this purpose particle size analysis (PSA) was determined from 62 soil samples and interpolated in Geographic Information System (GIS) software using kriging method. It gave the micro level particle size analysis information at enough and accurate scale. These information will become important in contribute to the societal demands and sustainable soil management in study area. <#LINE#> @ @ Marc P. and Jacques G., Handbook of Soil Analysis,
Springer International Edition, 15-17, (2011)@No $ @ @ Zhengyong Z., Thien, L., Chowb H., Reesb W., Qi Y.,Zisheng X. and Fan-Rui M., Predict soil texture distributionsusing an artificial neural network model, Journal of
computers and electronics in agriculture, Elsevier, 36-48,(2008) @No $ @ @  Thompson L.M. and Troen F.R., Soils and Soil fertility, 3rd edition McGraw-Hill Book, 137-161, (1973). @No $ @ @ Minasny B. and McBratney A.B., Spatial Prediction of SoilProperties Using EBLUP with the Matérn Covari-ance
Function, Geoderma, 140 (4), 324-336, (2007) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh K.K., Mineralogical and Textural Characteristicsof Soils from Sangamner Area, Ahmednagar District,Maharshtra, India, Current World Environment, 7 (1), 41-48, (2013) @No $ @ @ Challa O.B.P., Bhaskar S.G., Anatwar Gaikwad M.S,
Characterization and classification of problematic vertisolsin semi-arid ecosystem of M.S. plateau, Journal of Ind. Soc.
Soil Sci. 48 (1), 139-145, (2000) @No $ @ @ Developing Spatially Interpolated Surfaces and EstimatingUncertainty, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2011) @No $ @ @  U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, Diagnosis and Improvementof saline and alkali soils, USDA, Handbook No. 60, U.S.
Dept of Agriculture, Washington D.C., (1954) @No $ @ @ Christos G.K., Ioannis Z. G., Eirini K., Nikolaos L. S. and Georgios ?. S., Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation Techniques for Mapping Agricultural Topsoil Properties in
Crete, EARSeL eProceedings, 26-39, (2009) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh K.K. and Pawar N. J., Study of physical environment and its impact on land use pattern of Sangamner area, Ahemadnagar district, Maharashtra,Proceeding of 5th International ground water conference on the assessment and management of ground resources in hard rock’s system with reference to basaltic terrain, Aurangabad, 966-981, (2012) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh K.K., Impact of irrigation on the Chemistry of the soils and groundwater from Sangamner area,Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pune, (2001) @No $ @ @  Aher S.P., Bairagi S.I., Deshmukh P.P. and Gaikwad R.D.,River Change Detection and Bank Erosion Identification using Topographical and Remote Sensing Data,International Journal of Applied Information Systems, New
York, USA, 2(3), 1-7, (2012) @No $ @ @ Bondre N.R., Hart W.K. and Sheth H.C., Geology and Geochemistry of the Sangamner Mafic Dike Swarm,Western Deccan Volcanic Province, India: Implications for Regional Stratigraphy, The Journal of Geology, 114, (2006) @No $ @ @ Hesse P.R., A textbook of soil chemical analysis, John Murry Publication, London, U.K., (1971)@No $ @ @  Jackson M.L., Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi, (1973) @No $ @ @ Piper C.S., Soil and plant analysis, Hans. Publication
Bombay, (1966) @No $ @ @ Gupta P.K., Soil, Water, Plant and Fertilizer analysis, 2nd Edition, Agrobios Publishers, Jodhpur, (2009) @No $ @ @ Sakata S., Ashida F. and Zako M., An efficient algorithm for Kriging approximation and optimization with large-scale sampling data, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg.,(Elsevier), 193, 385-404, (2004) @No $ @ @ Tao TAO B. C. and Suiqing L. K. X., Uncertainty Analysis of Interpolation Methods in Rainfall Spatial Distribution–A Case of Small Catchment in Lyon, 2, 136-144, (2009)
 @No $ @ @  urrough P.A. and McDonnell, R.A., Principles of geographical information systems, Oxford University Press,
(1998) @No $ @ @ Durgude, A.G., Characterization and mapping of salt affected soils Agricultural University, Rahuri, Ph.D. Thesis,(1999). @No $ @ @ Bharmbe P.R., and Ghonsikar C.P., Physico– Chemicals Characteristics of Soils in Jayakwadi Command, J. Maharashtra Agri. University, 10, 247-249, (1985) @No $ @ @ Richards L.A., Diagnosis and Improvement of saline soils U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, Agriculture Handbook No.60, oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, (1968) @No $ @ @ Orlov D.S., Soil Chemistry, Oxford and IBH publication company, New Delhi, (1992) @No $ @ @ Soil Sheet No.1, Soil Sheet of Maharashtra, Survey of India (SOI), (1996) @No $ @ @ Aher S.P., Parande A.N. and Deshmukh P.P., A Geomatics of the Image Processing: ImageGeorefrancing, Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Application, 20-23, (2011) @No $ @ @ Reddy M.A., Remote sensing and Geographical information System, BSP Publications, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh,(2006) @No $ @ @ Inakwu O.A.O., Alison J.T. and John T., Spatial Prediction of Soil Particle-Size Fractions as Compositional Data,Journal of Soil Science, 168 (7), 501-515, (2003). @No $ @ @ Omran El-Sayed Ewis, Improving the Prediction Auccuracy of Soil Mapping through Geostatistics, International Journal of Geosciences, 3, 574-590,(2012) @ @ @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Acute Salinity Stress on Oxygen Consumption and Survival of the Fiddler Crab, Uca (Celuca) Lactea Annulipes (Milne- Edwards, 1837) in Different Seasons<#LINE#>Y.@MangaleVilas,G.@KulkarniBalasaheb<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-165.pdf<#LINE#>Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel, MS, INDIA @ The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>23/7/2014<#LINE#>26/8/2014<#LINE#>The present research was undertaken to study the effect of a sudden change in the salinity of the medium on the oxygen consumption and survival of fiddler crab Uca (Celuca) lacteal annulipes from mangrove area of Vashi. Since fiddler crabs are exclusively found in coastal and estuarine habitats in upper intertidal zone, they are subjected to significant fluctuations in salinity during monsoon due to seasonal river input, fresh water runoff and rainfall. The oxygen consumption increased and tolerance levels decreased in dilute seawater. Uca annulipes is a euryhaline where salinity tolerance is found to be season dependent. In monsoon the crabs could tolerate lower salinity of 4.86‰ and survived four days in fresh water. This shows a sort of adaptation to lower salinity during monsoon season. In pre and post monsoon all crabs subjected to fresh water died within a day. In winter they are more susceptible to lower salinity as compared to other seasons.  <#LINE#> @ @ Emmerson W.D.,The effect of temperature and season on the aerial oxygen consumption of Uca urvillei, J. Therm. Biol., 5(1), 41-46 (1990) @No $ @ @ Miller K. G. and Maurter D., Distribution of the fiddler
crabs, Uca pugnax and Uca minax, in relation to salinity in Delaware rivers, Chesapeake sci.,14(3), 219-221 (1973) @No $ @ @ Zanders I. P. and Rojas W.E.,Osmotic and ionic regulation in the fiddler crab Uca rapax acclimated to dilute and hypersaline seawater, Mar. Biol., 125(2), 315-320, (1996) @No $ @ @ Thurman C.,Osmoregulation by six species of fiddler crabs (Uca) from the Mississippi delta area in the northern Gulf of Mexico, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,291(2), 233-253, (2003) @No $ @ @ Koch A. S. and Gillen C. M.,Acute physiological and behavioral responses to dilute seawater in Uca pugilator. Conference  Society for Integrative & Comparative Biology, 2005 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA (USA), 4-8 Jan (2005) @No $ @ @ Barnes H.,Apparatus and methods of oceanography, part I. (Allen, G and Unwin Ltd; London), 341 (1959) @No $ @ @ Chen, J.C. and Chia P.G.,Oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion of juvenile Scylla serrata at different temperature and salinity levels, J. of Crustacean Biol.,16, 442-467 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lei C.H., Hsieh L.Y. and C.K. Chen.,Effect of salinity on the oxygen consumption and ammonia nitrogen excretion of young juveniles of the glass shrimp Penaeus monodon, Bull. Institute of Zoology, 28, 245-256  (1989) @No $ @ @ Rao K.P.,Oxygen consumption as a function of size and salinity in Metapenaeus monoceros from marine and brackishwater environments, Ind. J.  Exp. Biol., 35, 307-313 (1958) @No $ @ @ Rosas C., Ocampo L., Gaxiola G., Sunchez A. and Soto L. R.,Effect of salinity on survival, growth and oxygen consumption of post larvae of Litopenaeus setiferus, J.  Crusta. Biol., 19. 244-251(1999) @No $ @ @ Stern S., Barut A. and Cohen D.,The effect of salinity and ion composition on oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 79A, 271-274 (1984) @No $ @ @ Findley A. M., Belisle B. W. and Stickle W. B.,Effect of salinity fluctuations on respiration rate of oyster drill Thais haemastoma and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, Mar. Biol.,49, 59-67 (1978) @No $ @ @ Lange, R. Staaland H. and Mostad A.,The effect of salinity and temperature on solubility of oxygen and respiratory rate in oxygen-dependent marine invertebrates, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., , 217-229 (1972) @No $ @ @ Dimock R. V. and Groves K. H.,Interaction of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption of the estuarine crab Panopeus herbstii, Mar. Biol., 33, 301-308 (1975) @No $ @ @ Flemister L.J. and Flemister S.C.,Chloride ion regulation and oxygen consumption in the crab Ocypoda albicans, Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, 101, 259-273 (1951) @No $ @ @ King E. N.,The oxygen consumption of intact crabs and excised gills as a function of decreased salinity, Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 15, 93-102 (1965) @No $ @ @ Shumway S.E. and Jones M.B.,Influence of salinity on the respiration of an estuarine mud crab, Helice crassa, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 70, 551-553 (1981) @No $ @ @ Hagerman L.,The oxygen consumption of Crangon vulgaris in relation to salinity, Ophelia, 7, 283-292 (1970) @No $ @ @ Schlieper C.,Physiology of brackish water, Biol. of brackish water, Pp, 211-350 (1971) @No $ @ @ Chen J.C. and Nan F.H., Changes in oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion by Penaeus chinensis at different temperature and salinity levels, J. of Crust. Biol.,13, 706-712 (1993) @No $ @ @ McNamara. J.C. and Moreira G.S.,Oxygen consumption and acute salinity exposure in the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium olfersii,   J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,113, 221-230 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gilles R.,Intracellular organic osmotic effectors. Mechanisms of Osmoregulation in Animals, New York. R. Gilles. ed., 111-153 (1979) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Airborne Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Concentrated Municipal Solid Waste Dumping Site of Bangalore, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Senthil@Velsivasakthivel,Nandini@Natarajan,<#LINE#>43-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-166.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science, J.B.Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-56, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>23/7/2014<#LINE#>8/9/2014<#LINE#>Airborne Multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolated from municipal solid waste dumping site of Bangalore using Anderson single stage air sampler. Bacterial samples in replicate were collected and MDR were isolated by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.MDR organisms like Staphylococcus aureus was recorded higher in number in the ambient air near the dump sites. Maximum populations of multi drug resistant bacteria were recorded near the dumping site. Bacterial organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp., were the most prevalent organisms recovered. The change in the distribution pattern of MDR organisms in the ambient air was statistically found to be significant (Amoxicillin, p = 0.010; Ampicillin, p = 0.011; Ciproflaxin, p = 0.005; Rifampin, p = 0.025). The percentage of MDR in organisms like streptococci and Enterococci increased near the dump sites compared to percentage of MDR recorded upwind. Higher numbers of MDR were recovered in dump site and minimum was recorded at the distance of 100m away from the dumping site. This situation may cause health effect to the villages and the agricultural lands around the dumping site. <#LINE#> @ @ Xu YP, Zhou YQ, Wang DH, Chen SH, Liu JX, Wang ZJ, Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology, J Environ Sci; 20(11), 1281–1287, (2008) @No $ @ @ Van Beukering and Sehker, Analysing Urban Solid Waste at the Wayback Machine,  International Institute for Environment and Development, (2006) @No $ @ @ Lederberg J and Lederberg EM., Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants, J Bacteriol, (63), 399–406, (1952) @No $ @ @ Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC and Turck M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, Am J Clin Pathol, (45), 493–496, (1966) @No $ @ @ NCCLS. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Diskand Dilution Susceptibility Tests, 6th ed., NCCLS document M2-A6. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1997) @No $ @ @ NCCLS, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests, NCCLS Document M7-A5. Wayne, PA : National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2000) @No $ @ @ NCCLS, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eleventh Informational Supplement, NCCLS Document M100-S11. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(2001) @No $ @ @ Michael B. Edmond, Sarah E. Wallace, Donna K. Mc Clish, Michael A.P. faller, Ronald N. Jones, and Richard P. Wenzel, Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in United States Hospitals: A Three-Year Analysis, Clinical Infectious Diseases,29, 239–44 (1999) @No $ @ @ Green CF, Gibbs SG, Tarwater PM, Mota LC, Scarpino PV.  Bacterial plume emanating from the air surrounding swine confinement operations, J Occup Environ Hyg., 3, 9–15), (2006) @No $ @ @ Maura Meade and Callahan .Microbes: what they do & how antibiotic changes them, Action bioscience, American institute of bio science, June, (2001) @No $ @ @ Bryskier A. 2002. Viridans group streptococci: a reservoir of resistant bacteria in oral cavities, Clin Microbiol Infect, 8, 65–69  (2002) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Plant species Richness and Phytosociological attributes of the Vegetation in the cold temperate zone of Darjiling Himalaya, India<#LINE#>Saurav@Moktan,A.P.@Das<#LINE#>47-57<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-170.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri – 734013, WB, INDIA <#LINE#>30/7/2014<#LINE#>1/9/2014<#LINE#>The present study deals with the species richness and phytosociology in cold temperate zone vegetation of Darjiling Himalaya. The diversity indices represented the dominant species like Rhododendron arboreum Smith, Daphne bholua var. glacialis (Smith and Cave) Burtt and Fragaria nubicola (Lindley ex Hooker f.) Lacaita and rare species like Gamblea ciliata C.B. Clarke, Sambucus adnata Wallich ex DC., Treutlera insignis Hooker f., Arisaema concinuum Schott and Codonopsis affinis Hooker f. and Thomson. The maximum species diversity (Shannon-Weaver Index) was marked for herbs (4.332) followed by shrubs (3.577) and lowest for trees (3.131). The highest species richness (Menhinick’s Index) was estimated for herb layer (3.568) and least for the canopy (1.799). The concentration of dominance was 0.056, 0.032 and 0.014 respectively for the three layers. The species evenness was greater for herb layer (0.980) and least for the canopy (0.911). Soil parameters exhibited acidic property, the correlation between diversity and importance value indicated positive relation.<#LINE#> @ @ Peet R. K., The measurement of species diversity, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (5) 284-307 (1974) @No $ @ @ Criddle R. S., Church J. N., Smith B. N. and Hansen L. D., Fundamental causes of the global patterns of species range and richness, Russ. J. Plant Physiol.,(50) 192-199 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nayar M. P., Hotspots of endemic Plants of India. Nepal and Bhutan, Tiruvananthapuram, Kerala, (1996) @No $ @ @ Behera M. D. and Khuswaha S. P. S., An analysis of altitudinal behavior of tree species in Subansiri district, Eastern Himalaya, Biodivers. Conserv.,(16) 185-1865 (2007) @No $ @ @ Das A. P., Floristic studies in Darjeeling Hills, Bull. Bot. Surv. India, (46) 1-4 (2004) @No $ @ @ Das A. P., Diversity of the Angiospermic flora of Darjeeling Hills In: Taxonomy and Biodiversity (ed. A.K. Pandey), CBS, Publishers. New Delhi, 118-127 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gottfried M., Pauli H., Reiter K. and Grabherr G., A ne-scaled predictive model for changes in species distribution patterns of high mountains plants induced by climate warming, Divers. Distrib.,(5) 241-251 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bhujel R. B., Studies on the Dicotyledonous Flora of Darjeeling district, Ph.D. Thesis, University of North Bengal, (1996) @No $ @ @ http//:www.icimod.org/hkhconservation. (2008-2011)9.Misra R., Ecology Work Book.Oxford and I.B.H. Calcutta, (1968) @No $ @ @ Jain S. K. and Rao R. R., A Handbook of field and Herbarium Methods. Today and tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, (1977) @No $ @ @ Phillips E. A., Methods of Vegetation Study, Henry Holt Co. Inc. London, (1959) @No $ @ @ Shukla S. R. and Chandel S. P., Plant Ecology. 4th Edn. S. Chandel and Co. Ramnagar, New Delhi, 197 (1980) @No $ @ @ Shannon C. E. and Weaver W., The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 117 (1963) @No $ @ @ Menhinick E. F., A Comparison of some species diversity indices applied to samples of field insects. Ecology,(45) 858-868 (1964) @No $ @ @ Simpson E. H., Measurement of Diversity, Nature, 163-188 (1949) @No $ @ @ Pielou, E. C., The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections, J.  Theo. Biol., (13) 131-44 (1966) @No $ @ @ McKeague J. A., Manual on Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, 2nd edition, Canadian Society of Soil Science, 189-204 (1978) @No $ @ @ Walkley A. and Black I. A., An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Science, (37) 29-38 (1934) @No $ @ @ Bremner M. M., Total Nitrogen. In: Methods of soil analysis, In, (eds. C.A. Black) Madison, Amer. Soc. of Agr. Inc Pub., (II) 1149-1178 (1965) @No $ @ @ Pratt P. F., Potassium. In, (eds. C.A. Black) Methods of Soil Analysis, Soil Sci. Soc.Amer.,(II) 1022-1030 (1965) @No $ @ @ Bray R. H. and L. T. Kurtz., Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils,Soil Sci.,(59) 39-45 (1945) @No $ @ @ Odum E. P., Fundamentals of Ecology. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, (1971) @No $ @ @ Berthrong S. T., Jobbagy E. G. and Jackson R. B., A global meta-analysis of soil exchangeable cations, pH, carbon and nitrogen with afforestation, Ecol. Appl,(19)2228-2241 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khumbongnayun A. D., Khan M. L. and Tripathi R. J., Sacred groves of Manipur, northeast India: Biodiversity value, status and strategies for their conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation,14(7) 1541-1582 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rahbek C., The relationship among area, elevation and regional species richness in Neotropical birds, Amer. Naturalist,(149) 875-902 (1997) @No $ @ @ Yonzone R., Bhujel R. B. and Rai S., Genetic resources, current ecological status and altitude wise distribution of medicinal plants diversity of Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, India, Asian. Pac. Jour. Trop. Biomedicine,439-445 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghosh C. and Das A. P., Some useful and poisonous tea garden weeds from the Darjiling District of West Bengal, India, Pleione, 5(1) 91-114 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ndah N. R., Andrew E. E. and Bechem E., Species composition, diversity and distribution in a disturbed Takamanda Rainforest, South West Cameroon,  Afr. Journ. Pl. Sci.7(2) 577-585 (2013) @No $ @ @ Misra K. C., Manual of Plant Ecology, 3rd Edn, Oxford and I.B.H. New Delhi, (198) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Lead Bioremediation with Respect to Mining and Industrial Effluents<#LINE#>Girisha@SirangalaT<#LINE#>58-61<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-171.pdf<#LINE#> Jnanabharathi campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore -560056, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>31/7/2014<#LINE#>1/9/2014<#LINE#>Lead (Pb) is non-bioessential, persistent and hazardous heavy metal pollutant of environmental concern. Bioremediation has become a potential alternative to existing technologies for removal and/or recovery of toxic lead from waste waters before releasing it into natural water bodies for environmental safety. Bioremediation of lead metal ions was studied using Gram positive, heterotroph Bacillus licheniformis. The bacterium was grown in different concentrations of lead metal ion and it was found to be naturally tolerant up to 100 ppm of lead, above which bacterial growth decreased and also biosorption of lead metal ions was almost nil. Experiments were carried out at neutral pH range with cell count of 10cells/ mL which gave optimum results 60-75 % of biosorption was observed in case of 10 ppm and 50 ppm lead metal ion. In case of 100 ppm lead the uptake was 32%. Size of bacteria also decreased due to stress caused by lead metal ions and uptake of lead by bacteria was confirmed by EDX spectroscopy.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K.B., Fungal Degradation of Azo dye- Red 3BN and Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters,  ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2) , 17-24 (2012) @No $ @ @ Seema Tiwari and Tripathi I.P., Lead Pollution -An Overview, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 84-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrushna Haribhau and  Rathod R. G., Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around  Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(7), 5-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kapoor Neeti., Tiwari Prakash and  Hari Singh Gour., Effects of Heavy Metal Poisoning during Pregnancy,  Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(1), 88-92 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahanger Faroz Ahmad., Sharma Harendra K., Rather Makhmoor Ahmad and Rao R. J., Impact of Mining Activities on Various Environmental Attributes with Specific Reference to Health Impacts in Shatabdipuram, Gwalior, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 3(6), 81-87 (2014) @No $ @ @ Wang J. and Chen C., Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future, Biotechnology Advances, 27, 195-226 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chojnacka K., Biosorption and bioaccumulation – the prospects for practical applications, Environment International, 36, 299–307 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gadd G.M., Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other microorganisms, Experientia, 46, 834-840 (1990) @No $ @ @ Naik M.M. and Dubey S.K., Lead resistant bacteria: lead resistance mechanisms, their applications in lead bioremediation and biomonitoring, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,98, 1-7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Vijayaraghavan K. and Yun Y.S., Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption, Biotechnology Advances,26, 266-291 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F. and Maniatis T., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, (1989) @No $ @ @ Patra Partha and Natarajan K.A., Microbially-induced separation of chalcopyrite and galena, Miner. Eng, 21, 691–698 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chen H. and Cutright T.J., Preliminary evaluation of microbial mediated recipitation of cadmium, chromium and nickel by rhizosphere consortium, J Environmental Engineering 129, 4-9 (2003) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Primary Production in the river Jharahi at Mairwa, India<#LINE#>ShahiRudra@Pratap,HamidiMd.@Khatibullah,<#LINE#>62- 67<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-172.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Z.A.Islamia Cellege, Siwan, Bihar,INDIA @ Department of Botany, Dr.R.M.L.S.College, B.R.A.Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, U.P.,INDIA<#LINE#>31/7/2014<#LINE#>1/9/2014<#LINE#>Phytoplankton Primary production in the river Jharahi at Mairwa was studied in 2008 and 2009. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) of the river water at the different sites ranged from 0.044 mgC/l/hr to 0.422 mgC and 0.037 mgC/l/hr to 0.394 mgC/l/hr in the second year. Net Primary Productivity0.314 mgC/l/hr in the first year and 0.021 mgC/l/hr to 0.297 mgC
value of the river ranged from 0.469 to 0.799 in the first year and 0.427 to 0.754 in the second year Respiration (CR) ranged from 0.023 mgC/l/hr to 0.108 mgC/l/hr in the first year and 0.the second year of observation. CR as percent of GPP ranged from 20.109 to 53.125 in the first year and from 24.619 to 57.292 in the second year.<#LINE#> @ @ Wetzel R.G., Limnology, 3rd Ed. Academic Press, California (2001) @No $ @ @ Gaarder T. and Gran H.H., Investigations of the production of phytoplankton in Oslo Fjord, Rapp. Proc. Verb. Cons. Prem. Inst. Explor. Mer., 42,1-48 (1927) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Munshi Dutta J.S., Siddiqui E.N. and Singh N.K., Primary productivity of phytoplankton of the river Ganga, Biol Bull India.,, 39-42 (1979) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Datta Munsi J.S., Bhowmick B.N., Yadava R. N., Singh A.K., Singh D.K. and Pandit B., Ecology of River Ganges: Impact of human activities and conservation of aquatic biota (Patna to Farakka), Final technical report, MAB project., 97 (1985) @No $ @ @ Singh N.K., Phytoplankton productivity, impact of some ecological factors, Nat Aademic Sci. Lett., , 227-230 (1981) @No $ @ @ Saha L.C. and Pandit B., Dynamics of primary productivity between lentic and lotic system in relation to abiotic factors, J. Indian Bot. Soc.,  69(III &IV), 213-217 (1990) @No $ @ @ Patra A.K., Studies on the primary production of river Mahanadi at Sambalpur,  Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India., , 290-294 (1985) @No $ @ @ Descy J.P., Servais P., Smitz J.S., Billen G. and Everbecq E., Phytoplankton biomass and production in the river Meuse (Belgium), Wat. Res., 21(12), 1557-1566 (1987) @No $ @ @ Vijayraghvan S.,  Seasonal variations in primary productivity in three tropical ponds, Hydrobiol., 38, 395-408 (1971) @No $ @ @ Hickman M., The standing crop and primary productivity of the phytoplankton of Abot’s pond, North Somerset, J. Ecol., 66, 269-287 (1973) @No $ @ @ Nasar S.A.K. and Munshi J.D.,  Study on primary production in a fresh water pond, Jap J. Ecol., 25, 21-32 (1975) @No $ @ @ Nasar S.A.K. and  Nasar  T.A.K.,  Primary  productivity of phytoplankton  in a sewage fed pond, Phykos,17(1&2), 51-54 (1978) @No $ @ @ Krishnamoorthy T.M. and Vishwanathan, Primary Productivity studies in Bombay Harbor Bay using 14c, Indian. J. Exp. Biol., ,115-116 (1960) @No $ @ @ Kumaran S. and  Rao T.S.S.,  Phytoplankton distribution and abundance in the Cochin back waters during 19711972, Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin, , 791-799 (1975) @No $ @ @ Pradeep H.S. and Gupta  T.R.C., Primary production of brackish water ponds at Mulki, Daksina Kannada, Environ &Ecol., 4(2), 277-280 (1986) @No $ @ @ Ghosh C., Jayaraman G. and Mittal, M., Biomonitoring of freshwater ponds- A mathematical model and a biochemical analysis. In: Proceedings of the International Conference, WAPDEC Dec. 11-13, New Delhi, India, 455-464 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumari P., Dhadse S., Chaudhari P.R. and Wate S.R.,Bioindicators of pollution in lentic water bodies of Nagpur city, J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 49(4),317-24 (2007) @No $ @ @ Reid G.K. and Wood R.D., Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. Book Publication, D.Van Nostrand Company, 233-275 (1986) @No $ @ @ Siddiqui E.N.,  Singh N.K., Bilgrami K.S. and Munshi Datta J.S., Algae of the river Ganga, India I, Chlorococales, Nova Hedwigia,32,789-796 (1980) @No $ @ @ Ketchum B.H., Ryther J.H., Yentch C.S. and Corwin N., Productivity in relation to Nutrients, Rapp. P.V. Reun . Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer., 144,132-140 (1958) @No $ @ @ Nasar S.A.K., Studies on some aspects of pond ecosystem at Bhagalpur, Ph. D. Thesis, Bhagalpur University (1975) @No $ @ @ Dutta N.C. and Choudhary, S., Primary productivity and its correlation with physico-chemical parameters of fresh water sewage fed Impoundment near Calcutta, Environ. and Ecol., 2(1),65-68 (1984) @No $ @ @ Singh M.P., Limnological studies of Sikandrapur Ox-bow Lake with reference to algal diversity.  Ph. D. Thesis, B.R.A. Bihar University (1992) @No $ @ @ Ajayan K.V. and Parameswara Naik T., Phytoplankton primary productivity in lentic water bodies of Bhadravathi Taluk, Shimoga district, Karnataka, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,3(4), 34-41 (2014) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Global Warming Mitigation Potential of Biogas Technology in Security Institutions of Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal<#LINE#>Sujata@Mahat,Prakash@Lamichhane,UdyaKuwar@Thapa<#LINE#>68-74<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-177.pdf<#LINE#>Golden Gate International College (Tribhuvan University Affiliate), Kathmandu,NEPAL @ Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal (BSP-N), Kathmandu, NEPAL <#LINE#>3/8/2014<#LINE#>9/9/2014<#LINE#>Biogas technology has been established as excellent solution for the mitigation of global warming by trapping the GHGs emitted from natural decomposition of organic wastes and substituting unsustainable fuel consumption practice. This study was designed to estimate the potential size of biogas plant from total organic wastes (night soil and kitchen waste), to estimate the GHG emissions from night soil, global warming mitigation potential (GMP) and carbon credits of potential biogas plants the in the security institutions (Army and Police barracks) in Kathmandu valley, central Nepal. Potential size of biogas plant was estimated using the method practiced by BSP-N whereas standard method of USEPA was adopted to estimate emission of GHGs from night soil. An average of 37 m biogas plant can be installed in a security institution. One institution was found to emitting 0.22 ton/yr CH, 4.55 ton/yr CO and 0.33 ton/yrNO. And the total GHG emitted by one institution in terms of CO equivalent was 111.09 ton CO-eqv/yr in an average. Finally, one such institution has average GMP of 7.69 ton CO-eqv/yr. With the rate of US $10/ton CO-eqv, every barrack in Kathmandu valley could earn US $ 76.91/yr through CDM. The potential contribution of biogas technology in mitigating GHGs should encourage policy makers to promote establishments of biogas technology in such institutions rather being limited in promoting household plants as an effective tool for climate change mitigation.  <#LINE#> @ @ IPCC, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Summary for Policy Makers, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva (2007) @No $ @ @ Shrestha A. B., Wake C. A., Mayewski P. A. and Dibb J. E., Maximum Temperature Trends in the Himalaya and its Vicinity: An Analysis Based on Temperature Records from Nepal for the Period 1971-94, J. Climate.,12, 2775-2786 (1999) @No $ @ @ MOPE/UNEP, Initial National Communications to the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Population and Environment and United Nations Environment Programme, Kathmandu(2004) @No $ @ @ ADB/ICIMOD, Environmental Assessment of Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges,  Asian Development Bank and International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu(2006) @No $ @ @ Boeckx P. and Cleemput O. V., Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soils, In Singh S. N., (Eds) Trace Gas Emissions and Plants, Springer, Netherlands (2000) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya S. C., Thomas J. M. and Abdul Salam P., Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Mitigation Potential of Using Animal Wastes in Asia, Energy.,22 (11), 1079-1085 (1997) @No $ @ @ Pathak H., Jain, N., Bhatia A., Mohanty S. and Gupta, N., Global Warming Mitigation Potential of Biogas Plants in India. Environ.Monit. Assess., 157, 407- 418 (2009) @No $ @ @ Alternative Energy Promotion Centre, http://www.aepc.gov.np(2013) @No $ @ @ Tsunatu D. Y., Azuaga I. C. and Agabison J., Evaluation of the Effect of Total Solids Concentration on Biogas Yields of Agricultural Wastes, Int. Res. J. Environment. Sci.,3(2), 70-75(2014) @No $ @ @ Divya D., Gopinath L.R. and Merlin Christy P., A Review on Trends issues and Prospects for Biogas Production in Developing Countries, Int. Res. J. Environment. Sci., 3(1)62-69 (2014) @No $ @ @ Climatemps.com,http://www.nepal.climatemps.com(2014) @No $ @ @ BSP-N, Biogas Support Programme (BSP) Interim Phase (Jan 2011-July 2012), Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal, Lalitpur (2011/12) (2012) @No $ @ @ USEPA, Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Estimates for 1990 EPA, 430-R93-003 (1993) @No $ @ @ UNFCC, Clean Development Mechanism Simplified Project Design Document for Small Scale Project Activities (SSC-CDM-PDD) Version 02,Biogas Support Program-Activity 2, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2005) @No $ @ @ IPCC, Revised 1996 IPCC  Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva (1996) @No $ @ @ Smith K. R., Uma R., Kishore V. V. N., Zhang J., Joshi V. and Khalil M. A. K., Greenhouse Implications of Household stoves: An Analysis for India, Annl. Rev. Energy. Environ.,25, 741-763 (2000) @No $ @ @ Karki A. B., Biogas as Renewable Energy from Organic Waste, Biotechnol., X, 1-9 (1994) @No $ @ @ Food and Environment, http://www.foodandenvironment. com(2014) @No $ @ @ Bracmort K., Ramseur J. L., Mccarthy J. E., Folger P. and Marples D. J., Methane Capture: Option for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction, Congressional Research Service, Retrieved from: http://fpc.state.gov/ documents/organization/130799.pdf (2009) @No $ @ @ BSP-N, A Successful Model for Rural Household Energy Supply in Developing Countries, Executive Summary December, Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal, Lalitpur(2004) @No $ @ @ BSP-N, Annual Emission Report for Project Activity 2 of Clean Development Mechanism Project in Biogas Support Programme of Nepal, Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal, Lalitpur (2006) @No $ @ @ Shrestha R. P., Acharya J. S., Bajgain S., and Pandey B., Developing the Biogas Support Programme in Nepal as a Clean Development Mechanism Project, Renewable Energy Technology for Rural Development(2003) @No $ @ @ Bajgain S., and Shakya I., The Nepal Biogas SupportProgramme A Successful Model of Public Private Partnership for Rural Household Energy Supply, Ministry of Foreign Affairs-The Netherlands, SNV-Netherland Development Organization and Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal, Kathmandu (2005) @No $ @ @ Devkota G. P., Renewable Energy Technology in Nepal: An Overview and Assessment, Universal Consultancy Services (P) Ltd., Kathmandu (2007) @No $ @ @ AEPC, Additional Forty Thousand Biogas Plants Registered in CDM, AEPC- e NEWS LETTER, 21, 4 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Antibacterial Properties of Various Medicinal Plants Extracts against Klebsiella Sp.<#LINE#>Lata@Sneh,Geetika@Sharma,HarmanjotKaur@Sandhu,<#LINE#>75-78<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-178.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Pharma Science,Chandigarh University, Gharuan, SAS Nagar, Punjab,INDIA<#LINE#>30/7/2014<#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>The present study involves the checking of antibacterial properties of various medicinal plants like lemon grass, stevia, jatropha against Klebsiella sp. as these bacteria can cause many diseases. Firstly culture was authenticated by Gram staining and also biochemical characterization was done which confirms the strain of bacteria. After that extracts of these plants like methanol extract, chloroform extract and hot water extract were prepared by using respective chemical .These extracts were prepared from leaves of respective plant. Zone of inhibition of each plant extract against Klebsiella sp. was measured and antibacterial activity of each extract of plant was compared for the results. <#LINE#> @ @ Cardello HM, Da Silva MA and Damasio MH., Measurement of relative sweetness Of stevia extract, aspartame and Cyclamate/Saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different concentrations, Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 54, 119-130 (1995) @No $ @ @ Melis MS., Chronic administration of aqueous extract of Stevia Rabaudiana  in   rats: renal  effects, J Ethnopharmacol, 47,129-134 (1995) @No $ @ @ Shadab Q., Hanif M. and Chaudhary F.M., Antifungal activity by Lemongrass essential oils, Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res 35, 246-249 (1992) @No $ @ @ Figueirinha A., Paranhos A., Perez-Alonso J.J., Santos-Buelga C., and Batista M.T. Cymbopogon Citratus leaves. characterisation of flavonoids by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS And an approach to their potential as a source of bioactive polyphenols, Fd. Chem,110, 718-728 (2008) @No $ @ @ Simon J.E., Chadwick A.F. and Cracker L.E., The scientific literature on selected herbs and medicinal plants of the remperate zone,  Arch. Int. Med, 148, 36-39 (1984) @No $ @ @ N. Carels., Jatropha Curcas: A Review, Adv. Biot. Res. 50, 39-86 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fairless. D., The Little Shrub that could-may be, Nature, 449, 652-655 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kandpal J.B. and Madan M., Jatropha Curcas-A renewable source of energy for meeting future energy needs, Renew Energy 6,159-160 (2006) @No $ @ @ R. Cruickshank., Medical Microbiology, 12th eds. (revised reprient) edinburg, Churchill Livingstone, 35, 170-189 (1980) @No $ @ @ Vanden Berghe D.A. and Vlietinck A. J., Screening methods for antibacterial and antiviral agents from higher plants. In: Dey, P.M., Harbone, J.D. (eds), Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Academic Press, London, 24, 47-69 (1991) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Pesticide Use and Heavy Metal Analysis of Well Water in JhikuKhola Watershed, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal<#LINE#>Bigyan@Neupane,Poonam@Thapa<#LINE#>79-83<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-179.pdf<#LINE#>Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF), Kathmandu, NEPAL Alok Vidhyashram, Kathmandu, NEPAL <#LINE#>7/8/2014<#LINE#>12/9/2014<#LINE#>Pannchkhaal Valley in Kavrepalanchowk district has been known for using heavy amount of pesticides in vegetable farms for over three decades. As the inorganic pesticides contain elements such as arsenic, cadmium, iron, aluminum, sulfates, lead, mercury and copper, they do not degrade readily and remain in the soil and water system for long time. Traces of these are also likely to leach to groundwater sources, which is depleting for various reasons including the climate change impacts. This study attempted to assess the extent of use of pesticides and its implication in the depleting ground water source, and examine if there is heavy metal contamination in well-water used for domestic purposes. The method employed to assess the extent of use of pesticides included desk study, field survey, focused group discussion and key informants, whereas water samples from the wells were analyzed in the laboratory to assess Lead, Copper and Mercury content in the well water.  There is a growing awareness about the adverse effects of pesticides and yet all households interviewed in the study were found to be using pesticides. Nonetheless, a majority of the respondent believe that the use of pesticides has been progressively reduced. Well water analysis showed that the presence of Copper is within the accepted limit. Lead was found to be in considerable amount, but the Mercury concentration in the well-water was found to be very high from 0.008 to 0.037 in four wells studied in the valley. Though there is no indication of mercury based pesticides being used, high concentration of mercury in the well-water deserves a thorough examination of possible sources form where it is coming to water.  <#LINE#> @ @ CEAPRED, Baseline Survey of Pesticides Use at JhikhuKhola Catchment Area. Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Policy Research. Extension and Development, Bakhundole, Lalitpur, Nepal, (2000) @No $ @ @ Dahal L.A., Study on Pesticide Pollution in Nepal. National Conservation Society Implementation Project, Kathmandu, Nepal, (1995) @No $ @ @ Neupane F.P., Country Profile: Agricultural entomology in Nepal, Review of Agricultural Entomology, 83(12), 1291-1304, (1995) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.C., Use of Pesticides in Relation to Environment: A Case Study of Kavrepalanchowk District., M.Sc. Dissertation, Pokhara University, Nepal,(2005) @No $ @ @ Klarman W.L., Pesticide Use in Nepal. ARPP Consultancy Report No. 9 submitted to Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, US Agency of International Development, Kathmandu., (1987) @No $ @ @ Pujara D.S. and Khanal N.R., Use of pesticides in Jaishidihi sub-catchment, Jhiku Khola Water shed, Middle Mountain in Nepal Lands chaftsökologie und Umweltforschung, 38,168-177 , Braunschweig (2002) @No $ @ @ Yadav Gaurav, Pandey Devendra N. and Patel Dharmendra Kumar, Assessment of Ground Water Quality and its Impact on Health of peoplearoundRewa City, MP, India, International Research Journal of Environmental science., 3(7), 70-72, July (2014) @No $ @ @ Mandour R.A., Existence of Insecticides in Tap Drinking
Surface and Ground Water in Dakahlyia Governorate,Egypt in 2011,The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 3(1), January (2012) @No $ @ @ WSHL, n.d. URL: http:// www.slh.wisc.edu/ehd /pamphlets/ pesticide.dot (assessed August (2012) @No $ @ @ Pragatishil Multipurpose Cooperatives Ltd., Paanchkhaal, Kavre, Article on Pesticides Minimization on occasion of International Cooperatives year (2012) @No $ @ @ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Emissions Inventory of Mercury and Mercury Compounds: Interim Final Report. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.EPA-453/R-93-048. (1993) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Soil Major (N, P, K) and Micro (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) Nutrients as Influenced by Different Herbicides in Presence of Fertilizer (NPK) in Field Condition of Aligarh Soil under Wheat Cultivation<#LINE#>Ritu@Singh<#LINE#>84-93<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-180.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, INDIA <#LINE#>8/8/2014<#LINE#>25/9/2014<#LINE#>The present study investigated the effect of different herbicide named pendimethalin, 2,4-D, clodinafop, metsulfuron methyl and metribuzin while applying in combination with  uniform dose of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) on soil N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe nutrients  in field experiment on Aligarh soil growing wheat as test crop over a period of  120 days. The study revealed that with high concentration of all the herbicides all the macro as well as micro nutrients decreased. The medium and low herbicide concentrations of all the herbicides proved beneficial for increasing the soil N, P, K and Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe as compared to control. On the other hand use of inorganic fertilizer also may have enhanced these nutrients in soil as these nutrients play a vital role in growth and development of a plant.  In this field experiment the use of pendimethalin @1000 gai. proved best for both type of soil nutrients , which may have exerted a positive effect on wheat yield as compared to other herbicides as noticed at harvesting. Metribuzin @ 250 gai. proved least effective herbicide for these macro and micro nutrients and also from the point of view of  wheat  growth and yield. <#LINE#> @ @ Singh J. and Singh D.K., Ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen and nitrate reductase enzyme activity in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields after diazinone, imidacloprid and lindane treatments, J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B., 41, 1305-1308 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tag – El – Din A., Ghandorah M.O., Bait-Al-Mal, M. and Mostafa S., Evaluation of some herbicides for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L., J. King Saud Univ., , 123-135 (1989) @No $ @ @ Bansal O.P., Influence of three carbamate pesticides on Mn and Fe status of saline sodic soil of Aligarh. Part-I, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 79, 671-680 (2002) @No $ @ @ Subhani A., Changyong H., Zhengmiao X., Min L. and El-ghamry A.M., Impact of soil environment and agronomic practices on microbial / dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soil. A Review, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4,333-338 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yu W.T., Zhou H., Zhu X. J., Xu Y. G. and Ma Q., Field balances and recycling rates of micronutrients with various fertilization treatments in Northeast China, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 90, 75-86 (2011) @No $ @ @ Walkley A. and Black I. A., A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils,  Soil Sci.,63, 251-64  (1947) @No $ @ @ Ganguly A.K., Base exchange capacity of silica and silicates, J. Phys. Colloidal Chem., 55, 1417- 1428  1951) @No $ @ @ Piper C.S., The determination of calcium carbonate by rapid titration method. Soil and Plant Analysis. Hans Publishers , Nicol Road, Bombay I(1942)(reprinted in) (1966) @No $ @ @ Kearney D.R. and Nelson D.W., Nitrogen in-organic forms. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2.Chemical and microbiological methods. 9, (Page, A.L., Miller, D.R. and Kearney, D.R. eds.) pp. 643-698, American Society of Agronomy (ASA), SSSA Madison, WL-Agronomy (2) 1982) @No $ @ @ Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S. and Dean L.A., Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate, Circ. 939. U.S. Dept. Agric., Govt. Printing Office., Washington (1954) @No $ @ @ Lindsay W. L. and Norvell W.A., Development of DTPA soil test of zinc, iron, manganese and copper, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., J., 42,  421-428  (1978) @No $ @ @ Gomez K.A. and Gomez A.A., Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd Edi, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1984) @No $ @ @ Aamil M., Zaidi A. and Khan M.S., Effect of herbicides on growth, seed protein and yield of wheat. (Triticum aestivum L.),  Ann. Appl. Biol., 25, 12-13 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bansal O.P. and Gupta V., Influence of oxamyl (pesticide) on the availability of nutrients (major and micro) and growth of tomato and mustard plants, Int J.Chem .Sci.,  8,  2343-2352 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jastrzebska E.  and Kucharaski J.,  Dehrogenase, urease and phosphatise activities of soil contaminated with fungicides. Pl. Soil Environ.,  53,  51-57 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kucharaski J. and Wyszkowska, J., Biological properties of soil contaminated with the herbicide APYROS 75 WG. J. Elementol., 13, 357-371 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Nickel as a Pollutant and its Management<#LINE#>Gopal@Rathor,Neelam@Chopra,Adhikari@Tapan<#LINE#>94-98<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-189.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Government M.V.M., Bhopal, M.P., INDIA @ Division of ESS,Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, M.P., INDIA <#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>22/9/2014<#LINE#>Nickel is naturally occurring in soil and surface water but some actives like industrialization, sewage, use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides etc. increase the concentration in environment. There many techniques are available for management of nickel pollution (Phytoremediation, Chemical remediation, remediation using nanoparticles). In this study we find out the effect of nickel on plant, human and microorganisms. 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