International Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 2(9), 23-26, September (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 23 Removal of Lead from Waste Water Using Low Cost AdsorbentSingh Dhanesh, Mishra M., Mishra A.K. and Singh AnjaliDeptt. of Chemistry, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh, CG, INDIA Deptt. of Applied Sciences, Singhania University, Pacheri-Bari, Dist. Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in Received 30th July 2013, revised 26th August 2013, accepted 14th September 2013 AbstractThe sorption of Lead (II) on chitosan has been found to be dependent on contact time, concentration, temperature, and pH of the solution. The process of removal follows first order kinetics and absorption of heat. Keywords: chitosan, bioabsorbent, Lead (II), heavy metal adsorption, Chitin. Introduction The general methods of treating wastewater having cadmium follow precipitation and ion exchange. Recently, much interest has been exhibited in the use of sorption technique for the removal of cadmium from wastewater using chitosan. The present investigation aims at using chitosan, a low cost and highly effective sorbent for the removal of cadmium from waste water. Chitosan is a biopolymer, which is extracted from crustacean shells or from fungal biomass. The structure of chitosan is presented schematically in figure 1. Figure-1 Structure of chitosan Material and Methods Chitosan was obtained from India sea foods, cochi (India) Batch sorption experiments were carried out in temperature controlled shaking machine by agitating 25ml aqueous solutions of sorbates with 1.0 g sorbent in different glass bottles at different conditions of concentrations, temperatures and pH. The pH of different solutions were adjusted with 0.05 M NaOH or HCl by pH meter, systronic 335. The speed of agitation was maintained at 1000 rpm to ensure equal mixing. The progress of sorption was noted after each 20 min till saturation. At the end of predetermined time interval each 20 min, the sorbate and sorbent were separated by centrifugation at 16,000 rpm and the supernatant liquid analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometerResult and Discussion Effect of Contact Time and Concentration: The removal of Pb (II) by sorption on chitosan from aqueous solution increase with time (figure 2) till equilibrium is attained in 140 min. The fig. shows that time of saturation is independent of concentration. It is further noted that the amount of Pb (II) sorbed increases from 1.899 mg.g-1 (79.60%) to 3.815 mg.g-1 (91.04%) by increasing Pb (II) concentration from 100 mg/l to 250 mg/l. the time-amount sorbed Curve is single, smooth and continuous indicating monolayer coverage of Pb (II) on the outer surface of chitosan. Sorption Kinetics: The kinetics of sorption of Pb (II) on chitosan was studied using Lagergren equation, Log (qe –q) = log q- kt / 2.3 (1) Where q and q are the amount sorbed (mg.g-1) of Pb (II) at equilibrium and at time‘t’ respectively and k is sorption constant. The straight lines obtained from the plots of log (q-q) against‘t’ (figure 4) and different concentrations indicate that the sorption process follows first order kinetics. Effect of temperature: The amount of Pb (II) sorbed on chitosan increases from 1.899 mg.g-1(79.60 %) to 2.458 mg.g-1 (98.32%) by increasing temperature from 30c to 40c indicating the process to be endothermic (figure 5). Langmuir isotherm: The equilibrium data at the different temperatures follow Langmuir equation. /q = 1/.b + C (2) Where Ce mg..L-1 is equilibrium concentration of Pb (II) and and b are Langmuir constants related to sorption capacity and sorption energy respectively. The value of and b (table 4) were determined from the slope and intercept of linear plots figure 6. The sorption capacity also increases with o temperature suggesting that the active centers available for sorption have increased with temperature. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(9), 23-26, September (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 24 Figure-2 Effect of concentration for the sorption of Lead (II) on chitosan  100 mg/L,  150 mg/ L,  200 mg/L, * 250 mg/L Figure-3 Langergren plot for the sorption of Pb (II) on chitosan;  100 mg/L,  150 mg/ L,  200 mg/L, * 250 mg/L, pH 5, temp 30c The change in free energy (), enthalpy (), and entropy ) of sorption have been calculated using following equations. = -RT lnK (3) = RT T (T – T) ln k /k (4) = - / T (5) Where K and K are equilibrium constants at temperature Tand T respectively. The negative values of (table 2) indicate the spontaneous nature of the sorption process. The positive values of at different temperature support the endothermic nature of the process. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(9), 23-26, September (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 25 Table-1 Ø values at different temp and pH Temperature (°C) Ø mg.g-1 pH Ø mg.g-1 30 0.2265 2 0.1998 40 0.5934 4 0.2119 50 0.9440 6.5 0.2265 Effect of pH: The amount of Pb (II) sorbed on chitosan increases from 1.440 mg.g-1 (57.60 %) to 1.899 mg.g-1 (79.60 %) by increasing pH of the solution from 2.0 to to 6.5 (figure 5). The Sorption capacity , also increase with the increase of pH10. Table-2 Thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures Temperature (°C) o (kcal.mol-1) o (kcal.mol-1) o (kcal.mol-1) 30 -6.21 13.58 22.71 40 -6.90 28.07 38.40 50 -7.43 - - Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that due to chemical composition, structure, more adsorption sites, cheap, availability in plenty etc. this substance will provide to be efficient adsorbent. Figure-4 Effect of temperature on the sorption of Pb (II) on Chitosan  30C,  40C,  50C Figure-5 Langmuir isotherm for the sorption of Pb (II) on chitosan;  30C,  40C,  50C. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414 Vol. 2(9), 23-26, September (2013) Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 26 Figure-6 Effect of pH on the sorption of Pb (II) on chitosan;  2.0,  4.0,  6.5; temp: 30C, conc. 100 mg/l. AcknowledgementThe authors are thankful to Dr. Nagesh Gaveli, Director, Sudarshan College of science, management & research, Pune (Maharashtra), for providing research facilities, co- operation and constant encouragement to carry out the work. References1.Singh Dhanesh and Singh Anjali, Chitosan for the Removal of Chromium from Waste Water, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(3), 1-7 (2012)2.Singh Dhanesh and Singh Anjali, Chitosan for the Removal of Cadmium rich Water, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(4), 1-7 (2012) 3.Devi Priyamvada, Sirisha D. and Gandhi N., Study on the Quality of Water and Soil from Fish Pond in Around Bhimavaram West Godavari District, A.P., INDIA , Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 58-62 (2013) 4.Hasan Saba, Prakash Jyoti and Singh., Mycorrhizae and Phytochelators as Remedy in Heavy Metal Contaminated Land Remediation, Int. Res. J. 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