@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Investigation of Morphological and Mechanical Behavior of Poly (vinyl alcohol) /Chitosan/Papain Ternary Blend Films <#LINE#>Ravindra@Chougale,Saraswati@Masti,Bhagyavana@Mudigoudra<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-088.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Materials Science, Mangalore University, Mangalgangotri, 574199, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580001, INDIA <#LINE#>22/11/2012<#LINE#>15/2/2013<#LINE#>Ternary polymer blended films were prepared by mixing different weight percent of papain in equal weight percent solutions of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) by solvent evaporating technique.  The phase morphology and mechanical properties of various polymeric blended films were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine (UTM) at room temperature. SEM micrographs for the blend system showed good miscibility among the blend components. The tensile strength increases with increase in wt% of papain (dried papaya latex in power form) and then decreases. <#LINE#> @ @ Ratajska M. and Boryniec S, Physical and Chemical Aspects of Biodegradation of Natural Polymers, Reactive and Functional Polymers,38(1), 35-49 1998) @No $ @ @ Bae Y.H. and Kim S.W., Hydrogel Delivery Systems Based on Nolymer Blend Block Copolymer or Interpenetrating Networks,  Advanced Drug Delivery Review, 11(1-2), 109-1351993) @No $ @ @ Yang X., Zhu Z. Z., Liu Q., Chen X. and Ma M.., Effects of PVA, Agar Contents, and Irradiation Doses on Properties of PVA/WS Chitosan/Glycerol Hydrogels Made by Irradiation Followed by Freeze-Thawing, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 77(8), 954-9602008) @No $ @ @ Morita R., Honda R. and Takahashi Y., Development of a New Dissolution Test Method for an Oral Controlled Release Preparation, the PVA Swelling Controlled Release System (SCRS), Journal of Controlled Release, 90(1), 109-117 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pillai O. and Panchagnula R., Polymers in Drug Delivery, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 5(4), 447-451 (2001) @No $ @ @  Khor E. and Lim L.Y., Implantable Applications of Chitin and Chitosan, Biomaterials,24(13), 2339-2349 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yuan S. and Wei T., New Contact  Lens Based on Chitosan/Gelatin Composites, Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 19(6), 467- 479 (2004) @No $ @ @ Crini G., Non-Conventional Low-Cost Adsorbents for Dye Removal: A Review, Bioresource Technology,7(9), 1061-1085 (2006) @No $ @ @ Araki C., Arai K. and Hirase S., Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-Agar, XXIII, Isolation of D-Xylose, 6-0-Methyl-D-Galactose, 4-0- Methyl-L-Galactose and O-Methyl-Pentose, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 40(4), 959–962 (1967) @No $ @ @ Stephen A.M., Phillips G.O., and Williams P.A., Food Polysaccharides and Their Application, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, Basel, (1995) @No $ @ @ 11.Patel D.M., Prajapat D.G. and Patel N.M.., Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,69(3), 431-435(2007) @No $ @ @ Baeza G., Correa D. and Salas C., Proteolytic Enzymes in Carica Candamarcensis. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,51, 1-9 (1989) @No $ @ @ Arnon R., Papain In Methods Enzymology, Perlman G.E. and Lorand L.,eds 19, 226-244 (1970  @No $ @ @ Uhlig H, Industrial Enzymes and their Applications, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chaplin M., Applications of proteases in the food industry, http://www.sbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech /proteases.html (2002) @No $ @ @ Asadinezhad  A., Yavari A., Jafari S.H., Khonakdar H.A.,  Boehme F. and Haessler R.,  Polym. Bull. 54 205 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen C.H., Wang F.Y., Mao C.F., Liao W.T. and Hsieh C.D., Studies of Chitosan: II, Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol)/gelatin ternary blend films, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,43(1), 37-42 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Human-Elephant Conflict: Case Study from Balasore and Rairangpur division of Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, Odisha, India<#LINE#>Sandeep Ranjan@ Mishra ,Debabrata@Nandi,AnupKumar@Nayak <#LINE#>5-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-033.pdf<#LINE#>  Bhanjapur, Baripada, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>11/2/2013<#LINE#>7/4/2013<#LINE#>The data was collected from a period of 2005 to 2011 from Balesore Division and 2005 to 2012 from Rairangpur Division of Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve. Total twenty villages were affected in Balasore Division where majority of the people are agricultural dependant. In the year 2005-06 two elephants were killed and in 2006-07 one elephant was killed in Balesore Division with no spectacular harm to human habitation. In the year 2007-08, 08-09, 09-10 several houses and acres of crop fields were damaged by elephants. In Rairangpur Division a total of four elephants were killed by human being and five humans were killed by elephants during the period of 2005-2011. Besides this large acres of crop lands were damaged during this period. Rairangpur division seems to be more affected due to human-elephant conflict than Balasore Division where both human and elephant were killed during last seven years. <#LINE#> @ @ Menon V.,Mammals of India, DK Publication, Delhi, India 2003) @No $ @ @ Sukumar R., The Asian elephant: ecology and management, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989)@No $ @ @ Swain D., Asian Elephants: Past, Present and Future. International book distributors, Dehra Dun, India @No $ @ @ Anonymous,244 elephants killed in last three years. Monday, April 30, http://www.freshnews.in/244elephantskilled-in-last-three-years @No $ @ @ Datye H.S.,Man-Elephant conflict: A case study of human deaths due to elephants in parts of central india, International seminar on the conservation of the Asian elephant, Mudumalai (1993) @No $ @ @ Appaya M.K.,Elephants in Karnataka (India) A status report, My Forest, 29(3), 165-17 @No $ @ @Sukumar R., Ecology of the Asian Elephant in southern India, Feeding habits and crop raiding pattern, 33-53 (1990) @No $ @ @ Veeramani A., Jayson E.A. and Easa P.S., Manconflict: cattle lifting and human casualties in Kerala, Indian Forester,122(10), 897-902 @No $ @ @ Dey S.C.,Depredation by Wildlife in the fringe areas of North Bengal Forests with special reference to elephant damage, Indian forester, 117(10), @No $ @ @Swain and Patnaik, Elephants of Orissa, conservation issues management options, Indian foresters(2000)  @No 
<#LINE#>A Study about Ecological Imbalance in Surguja (India) Coalfield Area Due to Mining<#LINE#>P.K.@Singh,Afzal@Imam,Ravi@Singh,Dhanesh@Singh,Shivi@Sharma<#LINE#>10-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-042.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, T.C.L. Govt. PG College Janjgir-495668, CG, INDIA @ School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh-496001, CG, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Govt College Bishrampur, Sarguja-497226, CG, INDIA<#LINE#>18/2/2013<#LINE#>28/3/2013<#LINE#>The present investigation has been focused on Bishrampur and Bhatgaon regions of Surguja Coal field area since these are major coal mining areas of Surguja district which are prone for ecological imbalance. The sampling method was based on primary and secondary data collection during the research study in three areas namely Coal mining area, Forest area, and Urban area. The water samples were collected in the month of November’2010 from hand pumps, tube wells and  ponds, and were considered under primary data collection technique and their Temperature, p, E.C, TS, TDS, TSS, Alkalinity, TH,  DO, BOD, COD, F, Cl, SO2, NO etc. were determined using pH meter, titration, water analyzer and spectrophotometer etc. It was found that deteriorating water quality due to mining, continued to ruin the health standards of local peoples, reduced the number of flora and fauna, reduced the agricultural land area and it constrained the farmers to migrate, this led to an increased entropy in ecology of Bishrampur and Bhatgaon  regions, causing an ecological imbalance. <#LINE#> @ @ Sinha Shradaet et al, A Text Book of Environment and Ecology for Pharmacy Students”, 1st Edition, A. I. T. B. S Publishers, Delhi,  1-17 (2008) @No $ @ @ De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, 4th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 3-7 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pandey et.al, Environment and Ecology, 2nd Edition, Sun India publications, New Delhi, 1.2-4.9 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sachan Nikhil K. et al., Environment and Ecology, 1stEdition, Birla Publication Pvt. Ltd, Delhi, 1-13 (2009-2010) @No $ @ @ Subramanium V., A Text Book Environmental Science, 3rdReprint, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 64 (2007) @No $ @ @ Verma R.M, Analytical Chemistry Theory and Practice, 3rdEdition, CBS Publisher and Distributors, New Delhi, 461-466 (2000) @No $ @ @ http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishrampur(2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.districtsofindia.com/chhattisgarh/surguja/environmentandforest/index.aspx http://www.imd.gov.in/section/ nhac/dynamic/Report_AISMR.pdf. (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=23.3537708andlon=83.2206416andz=15andl=0andm=bandtag=949(2012) @No $ @ @ Warhate S.R. et al, J. Env. Sci. and Engg., 48 (2), 81-90 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shastri G.N, et al, Current World Environment, 3(1),  211-212 (2008) @No $ @ @ Clesceri L.S., et al., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition American Public Health Association, USA, 1325 (1991) @No $ @ @ APHA, AWWA and WPCF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/ Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA (1995) @No $ @ @ De A.K., Environmental Chemistry,  6th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 207-208 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rand M.C, Greenberg and Taras, Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, 14th Edition ., Washington D.C. USA, 42-43 (1976) @No $ @ @ HACH, Spectrophotometer Handbook DR/2010. Procedure Manual, Hach Company, UK (2000) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I. and J. Bassett, Textbook of Inorganic Analysis, 4th Edn, Longman, London, 962 (1978) @No $ @ @ Allen S.E., et al., Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publishing, Oxford, 314 (1974) @No $ @ @ Ewing G.W, et al., Instrumental methods for chemical analysis, 1st Ed. Edgard Blucher, Săo Paulo, Brasil,  296 (1972) @No
<#LINE#>Prolonged Gas Flaring and Water Quality in Obiakpu Egbema, IMO State, Nigeria<#LINE#>J.N.@Egwurugwu,A.@Nwafor,O.J.@Olorunfemi,P.@Nwankpa,J.E.@Okwara<#LINE#>15-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-051.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, NIGERIA @ Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, NIGERIA @ Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NIGERIA <#LINE#>26/2/2013<#LINE#>14/3/2013<#LINE#>Water is essential for life, though human activities have made some water sources unsuitable for human comsumption. This study evaluated the effects of gas flaring on the physico-chemical characteristics of water sources at Obiakpu, Egbema , Nigeria. Surface and ground water samples from the area were compared with samples from Alaoma Owerre-Ebeiri, a non gas flared community. Both water sources were then compared with WHO standards for drinking water. The results revealed that  water sources from the  gas flared area have raised levels of conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness,  temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand,chloride, nitrate, nitrites, magnesium, manganese, sulphates, cadmium, lead, copper, calcium, potassium and zinc  when compared with water from non-gas flared sources. In conclusion, gas flaring can pollute water sources within oil and gas facilities, thereby making them unsuitable for human consumption. Oil and gas industries should therefore treat water sources within their areas of operations in addition to other remediation measures as part of their social responsibility. <#LINE#> @ @ Wardlaw G.M. and Kessel M., Perspectives in Nutrition, 5thEdition, McGraw Hill, New York (2002) @No $ @ @ Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E., Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th Ed. Gopsons Papers Ltd, Nolda, India 2010)3.CDC (2013) @No $ @ @ Uses and types of water Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1600 Clifton RdAtlanta, GA 30333 (2013)  accessed on 14/2/13 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yadav J., Pathak R.K. and Khan E., Analysis of water quality using Physico-Chemical parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, MP, India, Int. Res.J.Environ. Sci., 2(1), 9-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ WHO (World Health Organization), International drinking water standards. 4th  edition, Geneva (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar M. and Padhy P.K.  Climate Change, water resources and food production: some highlights from India’s standpoint, Int. Res. J.Environ. Sci.,2(1), 79-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Edorh P., Gnandi K., Elegbede B. Enonhedo F. Et Boko M., Qualite de l’eau des nappes et son impact sur la santé des populations a Kerou, Revue scientique semestriel, LECREDE, Cotonou, 12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Egwurugwu J.N., Duruibe J.O., Abanobi O.C., Ufearo C.S., Nwokocha C.R. and Mounmbegna P.P.E., Physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of drinking and potable water in suburban Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria,Int. J.Nat. Appl. Sci., 3(3),339-343 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kinsielounon Gilles E., Edorh Patrick A., Guedenon Patient, Deguenon Yvette, Sossou Bernard, Dougnon Victorien, Loko Frederick, Boko Michel (2013)  : Risks of drinking water contaminated by chemical and organic substances in the Lakeside City of So-Ava in Benin Republic, Int. Res. J. 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Press Release No. 2013/005/SDN, Geneva (2012)  Accessed: July 3 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kindzierski W.D., Importance of Human environmental exposure to Hazardous air pollutants from Gas flares, Environ. Rev. , 41-62 (2000) @No $ @ @ USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Volatile organic compounds, http://www.epa.gov/volatile organic compounds. Washington DC (2004) @No $ @ @ Idodo-Umeh G. and Ogbeibu A.E., Bioaccumulation of the Heavy Metals in Cassava Tubers and Plantain Fruits Grown in Soils Impacted with Petroleum and Non-Petroleum Activities, Res. J. Environ. Sc., , 33-41 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nwankwo C.N. and Ogagarue D.O., Effects of gas flaring on surface and ground waters in Delta State NigeriaJ.Geol.Mining Res., 3(5), 131-136 (2011) @No $ @ @ Duruibe J.O., Ogwuegbu M.O.C. and Egwurugwu J.N., Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects, Int. J. Phys. 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<#LINE#>Biodegradability Assessment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treated by Ozone<#LINE#>A.@Gome,K.@Upadhyay<#LINE#>21-25<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-054.pdf<#LINE#> Chemical Engg., Department, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain-456010, MP, INDIA  <#LINE#>1/3/2013<#LINE#>13rd/3/2013<#LINE#> Biodegradability improvement of untreated wastewater and chemically and/or biologically pretreated industrial wastewater has become popular recently because of stringent environmental regulations for safety. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measures the biodegradability of wastewater but the extent of pollution can be better presented by considering the magnitude of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Thus, the ratio BOD/COD, which measures biodegradability, is used. The present study deals with the treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater by ozone. An attempt has been made to assess the biodegradability of the selected pharmaceutical wastewater sample. It was found that higher treatment time favored the enhancement of biodegradability of selected sample. It can be concluded that ozone treatment can improve biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater.  <#LINE#> @ @  Garrison A.W., Pope J.D., Allen F.R., GC/MS analysis of organic compounds in domestic wastewater, Identification and analysis of organic pollutants in water, ed. L.H. Keith, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, 517-566 (1976) @No $ @ @  Ternes T.A., Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers, Water Res., 32(11), 3245–3260 (1998) @No $ @ @  Kolpin D.W., Furlong E.T., Meyer M.T., Thurman E.M., Zaugg S.D., Barber L.B., Buxton H.T., Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999–2000: a national reconnaissance, Enviro. Sc. Tech., 36, 1202–1211 (2002) @No $ @ @  Daughton C.G., Ternes T.A., Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?, Enviro. Health Perspectives, 107, 907–938 (1999) @No $ @ @  Schaar H., Clara M., Gans O., Kreuzinger N., Micropollutant removal during biological wastewater treatment and a subsequent ozonation step, Enviro. Pollu., 158, 1399-1404 (2010) @No $ @ @  Huber M.M., Canonica S., Park G.Y., Gunten U. von, Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes, Enviro. Sc. Techn., 37(5), 1016-1024 (2003) @No $ @ @  Scott J.P. and Ollis D.F., Integration of chemical and biological oxidation processes for water treatment: review and recommendations, Environ. Prog., 14, 88-103 (1995) @No $ @ @  Huber M.M., Gobel A., Joss A., Hermann N., Loffler D., McArdell C.S., Ried A., Siegrist H., Ternes T.A., Gunten U. von, Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents: a pilot study, Enviro. Sc. Tech., 39, 4290-4299 (2005) @No $ @ @  Gupta S.K., Gupta S.K., Hung, Y-T., Treatment of pharmaceutical wastes, Waste treatment in the process industries, CRC Press (Taylor and Francis Group), 167-233 (2006) @No $ @ @  Upadhyay K. and Shrivastava J.K., Some studies on the use of ozonation process related to wastewater treatment, Pollution Research-Enviromedia Inter., 24 (3), 613-623 (2005) @No $ @ @  Jones O.A.H., Voulvoulis, N., Lester J.N., Human pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment processes, Critical Reviews in Enviro. Sc. and Tech., 35(4), 401-427 (2005) @No $ @ @  Rice R.G., Browning M.E., Ozone for industrial water and wastewater treatment, Current status of wastewater disinfections and treatment with ozone, Cincinnati, International ozone association, Vienna (1977) @No $ @ @  Gome A. and Upadhyay K., An overview of the treatment processes used for pharmaceutical industry wastewater, Pollution Research-Enviromedia Inter., 30 (4), 539-547 (2011) @No $ @ @  K¨ummerer K., Hartmann T.S. and Meyer M., Biodegradability of the anti-tumor agent ifosfamide and its occurrence in hospital effluents a communal sewage, Water Res., 31, 2705-2710 (1997) @No $ @ @  Balcioglu A.I., Otkar M., Pre-treatment of antibiotic formulation wastewater by O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/UV Processes, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 28, 325-331 (2004) @No $ @ @  Zhou H., and Smith D.W., Advanced technologies in water and wastewater treatment, J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 1, 28, 247–264 (2002) @No $ @ @  Kulik N., Trapido M., Goi A., Veressinina Y., and Munter, R., Combined chemical treatment of pharmaceutical effluents from medical ointment production, Chemosphere, 70, 1525-1531 (2008) @No $ @ @  Balcioglu A.I., Otkar M., Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotics by O3 and O3/H2O2 processes, Chemosphere, 50, 85-95 (2003) @No $ @ @  Fisher P.M.J., Borland R., Gauging the pharmaceutical burden on Sydney’s environment: A preventative response, Journal of Cleaner Product, 11, 315-320 (2003) @No $ @ @  Dantas R.F., Ozonation of emerging contaminants, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Barcelona, (2005) @No $ @ @  Beltran F.J., Ozone reaction kinetics for water and wastewater systems, Lewis Publishers, CRC Press Company, (2004) @No $ @ @  APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (1995) @No $ @ @  Arslan-Alaton I. and Balcioglu A.K., Biodegradability assessment of ozonated raw and bio-treated pharmaceutical wastewater, Archives of Enviro. Contamination and Toxico., Springer, 43, 425–431 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ă–tker M., BalcıoÄźlu, A.I., Ozonation of enrofloxacin in solid and liquid phase. Presented at International Conference Ozone and UV, Wasser Berlin, 3rd April (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water and Locked Soil of Sadli Reservoir, Region Kasrawad, District Khargone M.P. INDIA<#LINE#>Janeshwar@Yadav,R.K.@Pathak,Jaypal@Rathour,Ankit@Yadav<#LINE#>26-29<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-061.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal institute of Technology Borawan, Khargone, MP, INDIA @ Department of chemistry Govt. MLB PG Girls college, Indore, MP INDIA @ Department of Civil Engg, Jawaharlal Institute of Technology Borawan, Khargone, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>13/3/2013<#LINE#>25/3/2013<#LINE#>The  physico-chemical properties of water and locked soil of sadli reservoir in kasrawad   region were analyzed.  The  variation in the physico-chemical properties of locked soil and reservoir water were found in the present study. The physico-chemical characteristics of the reservoir water and locked soil samples were found to have great variation in the prescribed limit. Sadli reservoir, a small inland reservoir located in Village sadli, Teh Kasrawad District Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was built over Small river, in the basin of Narmada River. The physico-chemical characteristics, pollution studies of Sadli reservoir water and locked soil have been done in   November, December 2012. The Study shows the contain sewage of different villages. Therefore the conservation and management of these water is very much required. Here we are study about chloride content, total hardness, Mg hardness, Ca hardness, alkalinity, temperature and Ph parameters. In locked soil we are study about Ph value, grain size, specific gravity, moisture content, elasticity and plasticity. <#LINE#> @ @ Chaturvedi R.K., Sharma K.P., Kamayani Sharma, Bhardwaj S.M. and Subhasini S., Plankton community of polluted waters around Sanganer, Jaipur, Journal of Environmental Pollution, 6, 77-84 (1999) @No $ @ @ Narwal R.P., Gupta A.P., Singh A. and Karwasra S.P.S., Composition of some city waste waters and their effecton soil characteristics, Annuals of Biology, 9, 239-245 (1993) @No $ @ @ Hujare M.S., Seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters in the perennial tank of Talsande, Maharashtra, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit.,18(3), 233- 242 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kadam M.S., Pampatwar D.V. and Mali R.P., Seasonal variations in different physico-chemical characteristics in Masoli reservoir of Parbhani district, Maharashtra, J. Aqua. Biol.,22(1), 110-112 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar M.S., Methodology for water analysis, physico-chemical, Biological and Microbiological, Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists Hyderbad,, 50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Masood Ahmed and Krishnamurthy R., Hydrobiological studies of Wohar reservoir Aurangabad (Maharashtra state) India, J. Environ. Biol.,11(3), 335-343 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pandey A.K., Siddiqi S.Z. and Rama Rao, Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Husain sagar, an industrially polluted lake, Hyderabad. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol., 2(2), 161-167 (1993) @No $ @ @ Swaranlatha S. and A. Narsingrao., Ecological studies of Banjara lake with reference to water pollution, J. Envi. Biol.,19(2), 179-186 (1998) @No $ @ @ Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, Madhya Pradesh ,India  Yadav Janeshwar, Pathak R.K. and Khan Eliyas, Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 9-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohamed Hanipha M. and Zahir Hussain A., Study of Groundwater Quality at Dindigul Town, Tamilnadu, India, Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,2(1), 68-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shivayogimath C.B., Kalburgi P.B., Deshannavar U.B. and Virupakshaiah D.B.M., Water Quality Evaluation of River Ghataprabha (India), I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(1), 12-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thoker Farook Ahmed, Manderia Sushil and Manderia Krishna, Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(2), 41-45 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Brick Kiln and Vehicular Emissions on Lichen Diversity in Khanabal Area of Anantnag District (J&K), India<#LINE#>Asma@Hussan,G.A.@Bhat,MukhtarAhmad@Sheikh<#LINE#>30-33<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-070.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, INDIA @ Environmental Science, Govt., Higher Secondary School Newa, Pulwama-192301, INDIA<#LINE#>23/3/2013<#LINE#>26/3/2013<#LINE#>The aim of this work was to find out the impact of pollutants emitted from brick kiln and vehicles, on lichen density and diversity, as such the site was chosen accordingly in the vicinity of highway where the impact of both was clearly visible. Only three (3) species of lichens of foliose growth form were recorded. The analysis of air quality in the Khanabal area which was based on determining fraction of RSPM, NRSPM, SPM, SO and NO revealed that all these parameters showed values higher than the prescribed norms.Potential sources of pollutants were evaluated ; the Brick kiln ,its fuelling material ,the huge brunt from exhaust pipes of  vehicles ,use of adulterated fuel, unpaved road used for loading and unloading of materials, soil extraction process all these added pressure to local environment which reflected on lichens in area causing grave and irreparable damage to them. The data on frequency, density and abundance of different lichen species was also recorded and correlated with the qualitative and quantitative aspect of lichens. The tree species showed variation in bark chemistry (pH, water holding capacity) along the pollution gradient. The study thus allowed us to monitor the extent of pollution and determine its quantity through lichen species in the area <#LINE#> @ @ Hawsworth  D.L  and F. Rose., Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxide pollution in England and Wales using epiphytic lichens, Nature, 227, 145-148 (1970) @No $ @ @ Barkman J.J., Phytosociology and Ecology of Cryptogamic Epiphytes: Supplement. Including a Taxonomic Survey and their Description of their Vegetation Units in Europe, Van Gorcum Publication (1958) @No $ @ @ Nayaka S., Upreti D.K., Gadgil M. and Pandey V., Distribution pattern and heavy metal accumulation in lichens of Banglore city with special reference to Lalbagh garden, Curr. Sci., 84, 674–680 (2003) @No $ @ @ Upreti D. K., Nayaka S. and Bajpai A., Do lichens still grow in Kolkata City? Curr. Sci., 88, 338–339 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hazarika N., Daimari  R., Nayaka S and Hoque R., What do epiphytic lichens of Guwahati city indicate? Curr. Sci., 101, 824 (2011) @No $ @ @ Awasthi D.D. and Singh K.P., A note on lichens of Kashmir, Curr. Sci., 39, 441-442 (1970) @No $ @ @ Sheikh M.A., Upreti D.K. and Raina A.K., An enumeration of lichens from three districts of Jammu & Kashmir, India, J. Appl. Biosci., 32(2), 189-191 (2006a) @No $ @ @ Sheikh M.A., Upreti D.K. and Raina, A.K., Lichens diversity in Jammu & Kashmir, India, Geophytology, 36(1&2), 69-85 (2006 b) @No $ @ @ Sheikh M.A., Upreti D.K. and Raina A.K., Lichen flora of Surinsar-Mansar Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu & Kashmir, J. Appl. Nat.Sci., 1(1), 79-81 (2009) @No $ @ @ Charak S., Sheikh  M.A., Raina, A.K and Upreti, D.K.,  Ecological impact of coal mines on lichens: A case study at Mogla coal mines Kalakote(Rajouri), J & K., J. Appl. Nat. Sci., 1(1), 24-26 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sheikh M.A., Taxonomic and ecological studies on lichens of some major forest sites of Jammu & Kashmir,  Ph.D. Thesis, University of Jammu, Jammu, India (2009) @No $ @ @ Awasthi  D.D., A key to Macrolichens of India and Nepal, J. Hattori.Bot.Lab., 65, 207-302 (1998) @No $ @ @ Awasthi D.D., A key to Microlichens of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, Biblioth. Lichenolog, 40, 1-337 (1991) @No $ @ @ Awasthi D.D., Lichenology in Indian Subcontinent, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun (2000) @No $ @ @ Awasthi D.D., A Compendium of the Macrolichensfrom India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India (2007) @No $ @ @ Divakar P.K., Revisionary studies on the lichen genus ParmeliasensuLato in India, Ph.D. Thesis, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India (2001) @No $ @ @ Nayaka S., Revisionary studies on the lichen genus LecanorasensuLato in India, Ph.D. Thesis, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University Faizabad, India (2004) @No $ @ @ Culberson, Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin layer chromatographic method, Journal of chromatography, 72,113-125 (1972) @No $ @ @ Billing  W.D. and Drew W.B., Amer. Midl.Natur., 20, 302-330 (1938) @No $ @ @ Rao D.N. and LeBlanc F., Influence of an iron sintering plant on corticolous epiphytes in Wawa, Ontario, The Bryologist, 70, 141-157 (1967) @No $ @ @ Shukla V. and Upreti D.K., Heavy metal accumulation in Phaeophysciahispidulaenroute to Badrinath, Uttaranchal, India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 141, 237-243 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Environmental Impact of Industrial Effluent in Vaigai River and the Ground Water in and around the River at Anaipatti of Dindigul Distt, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>A.@Jesu,L. Kumar @Prabudoss, K@Kandasamy,M.S.@Dheenadayalan<#LINE#>34-38<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-081.pdf<#LINE#>2 Kathir College of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Neelambur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry G.T.N Arts College, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA           <#LINE#>18/10/2012<#LINE#>19/1/2013<#LINE#> Environmental includes water , air, land and the inter-relationship which exists among  water, air, land and human being, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property. Environmental pollutant means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance presentation in concentration as may be injurious to environment. Environmental pollution means the presence in the environment of any environment pollutant. Hazardous substance means any substance or preparation which by reason of its physico-chemical properties or handling is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism, property or the environment. The problem of pollution of rivers and streams has assumed considerable importance and urgency to urbanization. It is therefore essential to ensure that the industrial effluent and domestic sewage water is not to be allowed to discharge in to the water courses without adequate treatment. As such discharges would render the water unsuitable as source of drinking water as well as for supporting fish life and also for use in irrigation. Pollution of rivers and streams also causes increasing damage to the country’s economy. An attempt has been made to study the impact of untreated sewage in the river located Nilakkottai in Dindigul. In fact the sanitary waste water comprises about 99.9% of water along with micro-organism. Once the river water was used for bathing, washing and also for agricultural purpose, but at present the water has become the place of collection of sewage water along with industrial effluent. In order to evaluate the physical, chemical parameters, the water samples from the river and also from the well and from bore well were collected from the residence located in and around the river and also on the banks of the Vaigai River. On any account the sewage water should not be discharged in to the river water, which causes river water pollution and ground water pollution. In long run the water becomes unfit for domestic and human consumption. The physico-chemical analysis of water in the river as well as the ground water sources around the river reveals that there is high turbidity, high TDS shows that the water cannot be used for drinking purposes. The electrical conductivity, the total hardness, the high chloride value in the ground water sources indicates that the water cannot be used for human consumption. The safest way for the residence is to abandon the river water sources in order to escape from the water borne diseases caused by the use of polluted river water. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha., Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand district, Gujarat, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Venkateswara Rao B., Physico-chemical analysis of selected groundwater samples of Vijayawada rural and urban in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India, International Journal Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 710-    714 (2011) @No $ @ @ Basic Information in nitrates in drinking water, Basic information about regulated drinking water contaminants, US-EPA-Environment Protection Agency (2012) @No $ @ @ Indrani Gupta, Salunkhe Abhaysingh, Rohra Nanda and Kumar Rakesh, Groundwater quality in Maharashtra, India, Focus on Nitrate pollution, Journal ofEnvironmental Science and Engineering, 43(4), 453-462 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajmohan N. and Elango L., Nutrient chemistry of groundwater in an intensively irrigated region of southern India, Environmental Geology, 47, 820-830 (2005) @No $ @ @ Muhammad Barzani Gasim B. S., Ismail Ekhwan Toriman, Sujaul Islam Mir and Tan Choon Chek, A Physico-Chemical Assessment of the Baber River, Pahang, Malaysia, Global Journal of Environmental Research,1(1), 07-11 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sahu B.K., Rao R.J., Behara S.K and Pandit R.K., Effect of pollutants on the dissolved oxygen concentration of  the river ganga at Kanpur, In pollution and bio monitoring of Indian rivers, ABD publication, Jaipur, India, 168-170 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar A. A. and Jaganathan R., Hydrology of River Bhavani, Tamilnadu, India, Ecology and conservation of lakes, reservoirs and rivers, 1246 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jain Pradeep K., Hydrology and quality of groundwater Hirapur district, Sagar (M.P), Pollution Research, 17(1), 91-94 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha, Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand District, Gujarat, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zahir Hussain A. and Abdul Jameel M, Monitoring the quality of groundwater on the bank of Uyyakondan channel of river Cauvery at Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10.10007/s 10661, 011, 1910–14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lenin Sundar and Saseetharan, Groundwater quality in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu along Noyyal River, Journal ofEnvironmental Science and Engineering, 50(3), 187-190 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Bhatio K.K. and Kumar S.R., Groundwater quality in malaprabha sub-basin Karnataka, InternationalJournal of Environmental Protection, 23(3), 321-329 2005)14.Chari K.V.R. and Lavanya M.G., Groundwater contamination in Cuddapah urban area, Andhra Pradesh, In Proceedings on regional Workshop of Environmental aspects of groundwater development. KU, Kurukshetram Oct. 17-19, Kurukshetra, India, 130-134 (1994) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Causes of Temporal Variation in the Arrival of Asian Open Bill Stork Population: A Case Study of Kulik Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>BasuRoy@Piyal,Radha@Sah<#LINE#>39-43<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-048.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Geography, Alipurduar College, West Bengal, INDIA @ Zoological Society of Assam, Cotton College, Guwahati-781001, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>24/2/2013<#LINE#>4/3/2013<#LINE#>The paper is an attempt to identify the causes and pattern of temporal variation of Asian Open Bill Stork (A. oscitans). To understand the status of environmental health of a habitat, the trend of arrival, food and habitat of bird population play innovative role and proper analysis of that has indicated that flood in the river Kulik very adjacent to Kulik Wildlife sanctuary is the foremost cause of temporal variation in the arrival of Asian Open Bill bird population. Apart from the flood, the changing climate, deforestation and anthropogenic factors are also responsible for decline in their arrival. Therefore, such analysis or approach of study does not only reveal the temporal qualitative change experienced by that habitat but also signify the impact of that on influx of bird population along with other species.<#LINE#> @ @ Sharma A., In The Land of Asian Openbills, Environ., 8(2),9-61(2001) @No $ @ @ Ali S. and Ripley S.D., Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Oxford University Press, New  Delhi, 95–98 (1978) @No $ @ @ Baker E.C.S., The Fauna of British India, Birds, Taylor and Francis, London, 333–334 (1929) @No $ @ @ Blanford W.T., The Fauna of British India, Birds, Taylor and Francis, London, 377–378 (1898) @No $ @ @ Kumar P., The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Ecological and Economic Foundation, UNEP,TEEB, UK, 130-132 (2010) @No $ @ @ Miller G.T. and Spoolman S.E., Living in the environment, Belmont Cengage learning, USA, 207-209 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jarvinen O. and Vaisanen R.A., Changes in bird populations as criteria of environmental changes, Holar. Ecol.,, 75-80 (1979) @No $ @ @ Rasmussen P.C. and Anderton J.C., Birds of South Asia, Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington, 63 (2005) @No $ @ @ Morrison M.L., Bird populations as indicators of environmental changes, Curr. Ornithol., , 429-451 (1986) @No $ @ @ Murin T. and Pfeiller, B., Bird watching in Vermont- includes a Special section for  Beginners.  University Press of New England, Lafayette, 3- 4 (2002) @No $ @ @ Koskimies P., Waterfowl censusing in environmental monitoring: a comparison    between point and round counts, Ani.Zool., 26, 201-206 (1989) @No $ @ @ Pretty J., Ball A.S., Benton T., Guivant J., Lee D.R. et al., The handbook of  Environment and Society, SAGE, London, 556-570 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharma A., The Asian Open-Bill Stork Thrives in the Kulik Bird. The Statesman, Daily, India, August 07, (2007) @No $ @ @ Pramanik A.K., Santra K.B. and Manna C.K., Nest-building Behaviour of the  Asian Open Bill Stork A. oscitans, in the Kulik Wild Life Sanctuary, Raiganj, India, Our Nature,, 39-47, (2009) @No $ @ @ Bhattarai B.P., Distribution and Diversity of Stroks in the adjoining Areas of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Himalayan Biodiversity of changing World. Springer, NewYork (2012) @No $ @ @ Wormworth J. and Sekercioglu C.H. Winged Sentinels-Birds and climate change,  Cambridge  University Press, NewYork (2011) @No $ @ @ Cox G.W., Birds Migration and Global Change, Island Press, USA (2010) @No $ @ @ Rogers K. and Ralph T.J., Flood Plain Wetland Biota in the Murray- Darling Basin. CSIRO Publishing, Australia (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Biohydrogen from Algae: Fuel of the Future<#LINE#> Shaishav@Sharma,R.N.@Singh,Satyendra@Tripathi<#LINE#>44-47<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-068.pdf<#LINE#> School of Energy and Environment Studies, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, INDIA  <#LINE#>6/11/2012<#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>  Hydrogen holds much promise as a future fuel because of the increase in pollution caused by fossil fuels and continuous decrease in the availability of fossil fuels. The biggest drawback of hydrogen is that its production involves fossil fuels thereby causing pollution of environment. Biohydrogen produced from algae is not only a clean source of energy but can also be a major substitute for the continuous depleting gasoline. Third generation biohydrogen from algae have provided solutions to drawbacks of first and second generation biofuels up to an extent. This review critically updates different processes available for biohydrogen production from algae with special emphasis on their merits and demerits. Some approaches to overcome existing problems have also been outlined.  <#LINE#> @ @  David B. Levin, Lawrence P, Murray L., Biohydrogen production: prospects and limitations to practical application,  International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,  29, 173-185 (2004) @No $ @ @  Suzuki Y., On hydrogen as fuel gas, Int J Hyd Ener, 7, 227-30 (1982) @No $ @ @   Nath K and Das D, Biohydrogen production as a potential energy source - Present state of art, JSIR, 63, 729-738 (2004) @No $ @ @  Das D and Veziroĝlu N.T., Hydrogen production by biological processes: A survey of literature, Int J of Hyd. Ener., 26, 13-28 (2001) @No $ @ @  Gaffron H, Rubin J. Fermentative and photochemical production of hydrogen in algae, Gen Physiol, 26, 291-240 (1942) @No $ @ @  Greenbaum E., Photosynthetic hydrogen and oxygen production: kinetic studies, Science, 215, 879–880. (1982) @No $ @ @  Happe T and Naber J.D., Isolation, characterization and N-terminal amino acid sequence of hydrogenase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Eur J Biochem, 214, 475–481(1993) @No $ @ @  Roessler P.G. and Lien S., Activation and de novo synthesis of hydrogenase in Chlamydomonas, Plant Physiol, 76, 1086-1089 (1984) @No $ @ @  Voordouw G, Strang J.D. and Wilson F.R., Organization of the genes encoding [Fe] hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio vulgariis, J Bacteriol, 171, 3881–3889 (1989) @No $ @ @  Happe T, Mosler B and Naber J.D., Induction, localization and metal content of hydrogenase in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Eur J Biochem, 222, 769–774 (1994) @No $ @ @  Florin L, Tsokoglou A and Happe T., A novel type of Fe-hydrogenase in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus is linked to the photosynthetical electron transport chain, J Biol. Chem., 276, 6125–6132 (2001) @No $ @ @  Ghirardi M.L., Zhang L, Lee J.W., Flynn T, Seibert M, Greenbaum E and Melis A., Microalgae: a green source of renewable hydrogen, Trends Biotechnol, 18, 506–511 (2000) @No $ @ @  Pelczar Jr MJ, Chan ECS, Krieg NR, Microbiology, 5th ed. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2008 $ @ @  @No $ Nandi R and Sengupta S, Microbial production of hydrogen: an overview, Crit Rev Microbiol, 24, 61–84, (1998) @No $ @ @  Winkler M, Hemsehemeier A, Gotor C, Melis A and Happe T, hydrogenase in green algae: photo-fermentation and hydrogen evolution under sulfur deprivation, Int J Hyd Ener, 27, 1431–1439 (2002) @No $ @ @  Hansel A and Lindblad P, Mini-review: towards optimization of cyanobacteria as biotechnologically relevant producers of molecular hydrogen, a clean and renewable energy source, Appl Environ Microbiol, 50, 153-160 (1998) @No $ @ @  Pinto F.A.L, Troshina O and Lindblad P., A brief look at three decades of research on cyanobacterial hydrogen evolution, Int J Hyd Ener, 27, 1257-1264 (2002) @No $ @ @  Tsygankov A, Federov A, Talipova I, Laurinavichene T, Miyake J, Gogotov I, Use of immobilized phototrophic microorganisms for waste water treatment and simultaneous production of hydrogen, Appl Biochem Microbiol, 34, 362-366 (1998) @No $ @ @ \  Ghirardi M.L., Togasaki R.K. and Seibert M., Oxygen sensitivity of algal hydrogen production, Appl Biochem and Biotechnol, 63, 141-149 (1997) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Crude Extracts of Callistemon linearis available in South East region of Bangladesh<#LINE#>M.Shaiful Islam@Khan,Chowdhury Mahedy @ Hasan,Partha@Saha,HaqueS.M.@Estiar<#LINE#>48-49<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-052.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>27/2/2013<#LINE#>3rd/3/2013<#LINE#>The extracts (n-hexane and chloroform crude extracts) of Callistemon linearis (Family-Myrtaceae) were subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In case of antimicrobial screening, the n-hexane, and chloroform crude extracts exhibited very prominent antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms while from the results of the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it can be well predicted that the n-hexane extract showed highly cytotoxic potency due to 100% mortality over whole concentration range in which cytotoxicity screening was done whereas chloroform crude extract showed moderate cytotoxic potency with LC90 of 30.90 g/mL. <#LINE#> @ @ Kanjilal and Das, Flora of Assam, Omsons Publications, (2), 287 (1992) @No $ @ @ Aburjaj Talal and Hudaib Mohammad, Antiplatelet, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Achilleafalcata extracts and evaluation of volatile oil composition, Phcog. Mag: Research Article, (2), 191-198 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das Anudwipa, Zaman K. and Singh Akhilesh V., Phytochemical and Chemical composition evaluation of Volatile Oil of Callistemon linearis DC Leaf, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(1), 56-59 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bauer A.W., Kirby W.M.M., Sherris J.C. and Turck M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45), 493-496 (1966) @No $ @ @ Gazi H.R., Kabir S, Rahman M.S., Chowdhury A.M.S., Begum B., and Rashid M.A., Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extracts of Hopea scaphula, Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci., 6(2), 131-133 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nahar K., Khan M.G.U., Rahman M.S., Begum B. and Rashid M.A., Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Bryophyllum daigremontianum,Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci., 7(1), 99-101 (2008) @No $ @ @ Meyer B.N., Ferringni N.R., Puam J.E., Lacobsen L.B., Nichols D.E. and McLaughlin J.L., Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active constituents, Planta Medica., (45), 31-32 (1982) @No $ @ @ Kabir Humayun, Siddiqi M.M.A., Al-Mansur M.A., Sohrab M.H., Chowdhury A.M., Sarwaruddin and Choudhury M. Hasan, Phytochemical and Biological Investigations of Casuarina equisetifolia,The Dhaka University Journal of Science, 58(2),191-193 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mostafa Md. Faisal Kabir, Siddiqi M.M.A., Al-Mansur,  Sohrab M.A., M.H., Chowdhury A.M., Sarwaruddin and Choudhury  M. Hasan, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Crude Extracts of Abroma augusta, The Dhaka University Journal of Science, 58(2), 199-200 (2010) @No $ @ @ Alagammal M., Paulpriya K. and Mohan V.R., Anticancer activity of Ethanol extract of Polygala javana DC whole Plant against Dalton Ascites Lymphoma, Res.J.Recent Sci., 2(2), 18-22 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>A New Record of Rotifer (family Dicranophoridae) from Survey of some PIR Panjal Waters, J&K, India<#LINE#>Sarbjeet@Kour,K.K.@Sharma,Shvetambri,Neha@Antal<#LINE#>50-52<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-067.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu, J&K-180006, INDIA<#LINE#>20thMarchAbractPresent/1/of<#LINE#>28/3/2013<#LINE#>Present investigation of 13 water bodies situated in pir panjal range of inner Himalayas is an attempt to record the rotifer diversity from these waters. Rotifers are the fascinating creatures in all types of fresh waters. They form an important interlace in the food web. Presently 7 lotic and 6 lentic waters were investigated from which 11 rotifer species were enlisted. Philodina showed the presence in all water bodies and presence of Dicranophorus hauerianus was on record for the first time from this area. Maximum diversity of rotifers was found in the lentic waters.<#LINE#> @ @ Pennak W.R., Freshwater invertebrates of United States, 3rdEd. 1 Protozoa and Mollusca, John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1989) @No $ @ @ Meksuman P., Pholpunthin P. and Segers H., Diversity of Sessile rotifers (Gnesiotrocha, Monogononta, Rotifera) in Thale Noi Lake, Thailand, Zootaxa, 2997, 1-18, (2011) @No $ @ @ Kadam S.S. and Tiwari L.R., Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(5), 62-65, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ricci C. and Balsamo M., The biology and ecology of lotic rotifers and gastrotrichs, Freshwater Biology, 44, 15-28,2000 @No $ @ @Tadphale S. and Pejaver M., Preliminary observations on effect of three different types of food on the population density of freshwater Rotifer, Lecane Inopinata, J. Aqua. Biol., 20, 159-161, (2005) @No $ @ @ Couch K.M., Burns C.W. and Gilbert J.J., Contribution of rotifers to the diet and fitness of Boeckella (Copepoda: Glanoida), Freshwater. Biol., 41, 107-118, 1999@No $ @ @ Fenchel T. and Finlay B.J., The ubiquity of small species: patterns of local and global diversity, Bioscience, 54, 777-784, 2004 @No $ @ @ Wallace R.L., Distribution of sessile rotifers in an acid bog pond, Arch. Hydrobiol., 79, 478-505, (1977) @No $ @ @ Koste W., Rotatoria Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas bergründet von Max Voigt-Monogononta. 2. Auflage neubearbeitet von Walter Koste. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 673pp, (1978) @No $ @ @ Tripathi A.K. and Chishty N., Rotifer Diversity in a Semiurban Shallow Perennial Water Body: A Case Study of Jalaser Tank Mandalgarh, India, I. Res. J. Environmen. Sci.,1(1), 42-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hashemzadeh F. and Venkataramana G. V., Impact of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water on Zooplankton Diversity in Nanjangud Industrial Area, India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,1(4), 37-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Segers H., Global diversity of rotifers (Phylum Rotifera) in freshwater, Hydrobiologia, 595, 49-59 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Preparation of Low Cost Activated Carbon from Tea Waste using Sulphuric Acid as Activating Agent<#LINE#>AmeyA.@Wankhade,V.N.@Ganvir<#LINE#>53-55<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-094.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur, MH, INDIA<#LINE#>6/11/2012<#LINE#>19/1/2013<#LINE#>:Adsorption is an important surface operation in unit operation and unit processes. Among many type of adsorbent material activated carbon are the most widely used, because of their large adsorptive capacity. Cost is an important parameter for comparing the adsorbent material. Among many such materials like  turmeric waste, ferronia shell waste ,Jatropha curcus seed shell waste, delonix shell waste and ipomea carnia  stem, Tea waste isone such alternatives  which is cheap easily available. Activated carbons tea waste  prepared by chemical activation with sulphuric acid as an activating agent .The effect of activation parameter such as carbonization temperature, sulphuric acid concentration ;contact time  on the final products was studied by varying the H2SO4 to tea waste ratio, activation temperature and preheat –temperature. <#LINE#> @ @ Jun T.Y, Arumugam S.D, Latip N.H.A , Abdulla A. M and Latif P. A, Effect of Activation Temperature and Heating Duration on Physical Characteristics of Activated Carbon Prepared from Agriculture Waste, Environment Asia3 (special issue),143-148 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hu Z and Srinivasan M.P, Preparation of High-Surface-Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell, Microporous and Mesoporous materials,27, 11-18 (1999) @No $ @ @ Wasewar K.L., Adsorption of Metals onto Tea Factory Waste Waste: A Review, International  Journal  of  Research and  Reviews in Applied Science,3(3), 303-322 (2010) @No $ @ @ Malkoc E and Nuhoglu Y, Fixed Bed Studies for the Sorption of Chromium (iv) on Tea Factory waste, Chem. Eng. Sci.,16, 4363-4372 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amarasinghe BMWPK and Williams A.R., Tea Waste As a Low Cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Cu and Pb, from Waste Water, Chem. Eng. J, 132, 299-309(2007) @No $ @ @ Ganvir V.N., Meshram M.L. and Dwivedi A.P., Preparation of Adsorbent from Karanja Oil Seed Cake and Its Characterization, International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Technology for Rural Area, 3, 18-19 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Current Environment Status of Kottayam Chira<#LINE#>V.B.@Rakesh,Shahin@Adhem,A.@Amarnath,G.@Rojith<#LINE#>56-58<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-095.pdf<#LINE#>School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>2/11/2012<#LINE#>31/12/2012<#LINE#> Kottayam Chira is a significant water body with a total area of around 11 acres at present. It is located about 1.5 kms away from Kuthuparamba town of Kannur district, northern part of the ‘State of Kerala’. The coordinates of the study area 1149 N and 7533 E. The Kottayam chira is environmentally, historically and culturally of no match and is of utmost significance. Additionally it was part of the livelihood of the native population as it acted as reservoir to supply water for irrigation into the adjoining paddy fields and also people were dependent on it for its fish wealth. This significant wetland is now in an environmentally neglected and degraded form mainly due to eutrophication, weeding, siltation, etc.  Due to excessive siltation it is seen that stagnant pools have formed in the water body; this may act as a threat zone to yield various water borne disease. This study deals with the estimation of essential water quality parameters of the study area. The various parameters were calibrated and it is compared with the international standards. The obtained values were matched with WHO drinking water standards and ISO standards. The study revealed that due to the neglected state of the Chira, various parameters are far beyond permissible limits. It is a clearcut example of how anthropogenic over-exploitation and negligence can deteriorate a well-established ancient aquatic ecosystem. <#LINE#> @ @ Biswas Arkoprovo, Jana Adarsa and Sharma Shashi Prakash, Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques: A Case study from Ganjam district, Orissa, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(9), 59-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Diersing N., Water Quality, Frequently Asked Questions PDA, NOAA, (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramachandra T. V., Kiran R. and Ahalya N., Status, Conservation and Management of Wetlands, Allied Publishers (P) Ltd, (2002) @No $ @ @ Maya K., Babu K. N., Padmalal D. and Seralathan P., Hydrochemistry and dissolved nutrient flux of two small catchment rivers, south-western India, Chemistry and Ecology, 23(1), 13-27 (2007) @No $ @ @ P.V. Joseph and Claramma Jacob, Physico chemical characteristics of Pennar River, A Fresh Water Wetland in Kerala, India, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1266-1273 (2010) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Guidelines for Drinking water quality, Volume 1, 3rd edition, WHO Press, Switzerland (2009) @No $ @ @ Abraham W.R., Megacities as Sources for Pathogenic Bacteria in Rivers, Inter. J. Micro. (2011) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters (20th Edn.) Washington DC: APHA, AWWA, WEF (1998) @No $ @ @ Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water, IS-10500- (1991) @No $ @ @ B.I.S. Bureau of Indian Standards Drinking water specification, 1st revision, ISS 10500 (1991) @No $ @ @ ICMR: Manual of standards of quality for drinking water supplies Special report series No. 44, 2nd edition. (1975) @No $ @ @ S. Meera and S. Bijoy Nandan, Water quality status and primary productivity of Valanthakad Backwater in Kerala, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 39(1), 105-113, (2010) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Bioavailability and Leachability of Heavy Metals during Composting–A Review<#LINE#>Jiwan@Singh,AjayS.@Kalamdhad<#LINE#>59-64<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-086.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati-781039 Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>15/11/2012<#LINE#>4/3/2013<#LINE#>Composting is the best-known processes for biological stabilization of sewage sludge, municipal solid waste and other biodegradable wastes. Prepared compost can be used as a soil conditioner in agricultural applications. However, the presence of non-biodegradable and high level of toxic heavy metals in the compost frequently hinders agricultural land application. Uptake of heavy metals by plants and subsequent accumulation along the food chain is a potential threat to animal and human health. The availability of metals in soil depends on the nature of the chemical association between a metal with the organic residual and soil matrix, the pH value of the soil, the concentration of the element in the compost and the soil, and the ability of the plant to regulate the uptake of a particular element. The water soluble fraction is positively the most biologically active and highest potential for contamination of food chain, surface water and ground water. The diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA)-extractable fraction of metals might represent a supplemental approach to check the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil and sludge amended soil for plant uptake. The phase association and solubility of metals changes with composting time thereby altering metal availability. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is designed to determine the mobility of both organic and inorganic analytes present in liquid, solid, and multiphasic wastes. If an analysis of any one of the liquid fractions of the TCLP extract indicates that regulated heavy metals are present at such high concentrations that, even after accounting for dilution from the other fractions of the extract, the concentration would be above the regulatory level for those metals, then the waste is hazardous. Therefore this review examines the water solubility, DTPA extractability and leachability of heavy metals in the compost, which has to be applied to the agricultural field. <#LINE#> @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Emuh F.N., Isirimah N.O. and Egun A.C., Fractionation, characterization and speciation of heavy metals in composts and compost-amended soils, Afr. J.  Biotechnol.,6(2), 067-078 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hargreaves J.C., Adl M.S. and Warman P.R., A review of the use of composted municipal solid waste in agriculture, Agricult. Ecosys. Environ.,123, 1-14 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bragato G., Leita L., Figliolia A. and Nobili M., Effects of sewage sludge pre-treatment on microbial biomass and bioavailability of heavy metals, Soil Till. Res.,46, 129-134 (1998) @No $ @ @ Wong J.W.C. and Selvam A., Speciation of heavy metals during co-composting of sewage sludge with lime, Chemosphere,63, 980-986 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chiroma T.M., Ebewele R.O. and Hymore F.K., Levels of heavy metals (cu, zn, pb, fe and cr) in bushgreen and roselle  irrigated with treated and untreated urban sewage water, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4), 50-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ciavatta C., Govi M., Simoni A. and Sequi P., Evaluation of heavy metals during stabilization of organic matter in compost produced with municipal solid wastes, Bioresour. Technol.,43,147-153 (1993) @No $ @ @ Liu Y., Ma L., Li, Y. and Zheng L., Evolution of heavy metal speciation during the aerobic composting process of sewage sludge, Chemosphere,67, 1025-1032 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hsu J.H. and Lo S.L., Effects of composting on characterization and leaching of copper, manganese, and zinc from swine manure, Environ. Pollut.,114, 119-127 (2001) @No $ @ @ He M., Tian G. and Liang X.,  Phytotoxicity and speciation of copper, zinc and lead during the aerobic composting of sewage sludge. J. Hazard. Mater., 163, 671-677 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chen Y.X., Huang X.D., Han Z.Y., Huang X., Hu B., Shi D.Z. and Wu W.X., Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar on nitrogen conservation and heavy metals immobility during pig manure composting, Chemosphere, 78, 1177-1181 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tiwari S. and Tripathi I.P., Lead Pollution -An Overview, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 84-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chiang K.Y., Huang H.J. and Chang C.N., Enhancement of heavy metal stabilization by different amendments during sewage sludge composting process, J. Environ. Eng. Manage,17 (4), 249-256 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yobouet Y.A., Adouby K., Trokourey A. and Yao B., Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc speciation in contaminated soils, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol.,2(5), 802-812 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta A.K. and Sinha S., Phytoextraction capacity of the plants growing on tannery sludge dumping sites, Bioresour. Technol.,98, 17881-794 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zorpas A.A., Constantinides T., Vlyssides A.G., Haralambous I., Loizidou M., Heavy metal uptake by natural zeolite and metals partitioning in sewage sludge compost, Bioresour. Technol.,72, 113-119 (2000) @No $ @ @ Haroun M. Idris A. and Omar S., Analysis of heavy metals during composting of the tannery sludge using physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques, J. Hazard. Mater.,165, 111-119 (2009) @No $ @ @ Smith S.R., A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge, Environ. Int.,35, 142-156 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fang M. and Wong J.W.C., Effects of lime amendment on availability of heavy metals and maturation in sewage sludge composting, Environ. Pollut.,106, 83-89 (1999) @No $ @ @ Fuentes A., Llorens M., Saez J., Aguilar M.I., Soler A., Ortuno J.F. and Meseguer V.F., Simple and sequential extractions of heavy metals from different sewage sludges, Chemosphere, 54,1039-1047 (2004) @No $ @ @ Castaldi P.,  Santona L. and Melis P., Evolution of heavy metals mobility during municipal solid waste composting,  Fresenius Environ. Bull., 15 (9b) 1133-1140 (2006) @No $ @ @ Samuel P., Ingmar P., Boubie G. and Daniel L., Trivalent Chromium removal from Aqueous solution using Raw Natural Mixed Clay from Burkina Faso, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(2), 30-37 (2013) @No $ @ @ Guan T.X., He H.B., Zhang X.D., Bai Z. Cu fractions, mobility and bioavailability in soil-wheat system after Cu-enriched livestock manure applications, Chemosphere,82, 215-222 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fuentes A., Llorens M., Saez J., Aguilar M.I., Marn A.B.P., Ortuno J.F. and Meseguer V.F., Ecotoxicity, phytotoxicity and extractability of heavy metals from different stabilised sewage sludges, Environ. Pollut.,143, 355-360 (2006) @No $ @ @ Walter I., Martinez F., Cala V., Heavy metal speciation and phytotoxic effects of three representative sewage sludge for agricultural uses, Environ. Pollut.,139, 507-514 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nomeda S., Valdas P., Chen S.Y. and Lin J.G., Variations of metal distribution in sewage sludge composting,  Waste Manage., 28, 1637-1644 (2008) @No $ @ @ Qiao L., and Ho G., The effects of clay amendment and composting on metal speciation in digested sludge, Water Res.,31 (5), 951-964 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hua L., Wu W.,   Liu Y., Bride M.B.M. and Chen Y., Reduction of nitrogen loss and Cu and Zn mobility during sludge composting with bamboo charcoal amendment, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 16, 1-9 (2009) @No $ @ @ US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1311-characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), 35 (1992) @No $ @ @ Chiroma T.M., Ebewele R.O. and Hymore F.K., Levels of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cr) in Bushgreen and Roselle irrigated with treated and untreated urban sewage water, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 50-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pathak A., Dastida M.G. and Sreekrishnan T.R., Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge: A review, J. Environ. Manage,90, 2343-2353 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wang X.D., Chen X.N., Ali A.S., Liu S. and Lu L.L., Dynamics of humic substance-complexed copper and copper leaching during composting of chicken manure, Pedosphere, 20(2), 245-251 (2010) @No $ @ @ Villasenor J., Rodriguez L. and Fernandez F.J., Composting domestic sewage sludge with natural zeolites in a rotary drum reactor, Bioresour. Technol.,102 (2), 1447-1454 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ciba J., Korolewicz T. and Turek M., The occurrence of metals in composted municipal wastes and their removal, Water Air Soil Pollut.,111, 159-170 (1999) @No