@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Elevation of Heavy Metals in the Environment of Aragba and Uvwiamughe in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria after an Oil Spillage<#LINE#>R.K@Odunaike,S.K.I.M@Alausa,@Alausa.,L.P.@Akinyemi<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-007.pdf<#LINE#>+ Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>2/1/2013<#LINE#>19/2/2013<#LINE#> Atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to measure the elemental concentrations of lead, mercury and arsenic from the uncontaminated and contaminated soils after the oil spill in Aragba and Uvwiamughe communities. Both the contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples from Aragba community exhibited higher mean concentration values than the corresponding concentrations recorded for Uvwiamughe community. For the contaminated soil samples, the mean elemental concentrations of 0.08mg/kg, 0.04mg/kg and 1.04mg/kg were recorded for mercury, arsenic and lead respectively in aragba community while 0.06mg/kg, 0.02mg/kg and 0.25mg/kg were recorded for mercury, arsenic and lead respectively in Uvwiamughe community. The results also showed that the levels of the heavy metals in the contaminated soil samples are higher than the levels in the uncontaminated soil samples. This signifies elevated values of elemental concentration of the heavy metals in the soil samples from the oil spill field. The results obtained are comparable to the values of 18.77mg/kg for Lead in the sediments of Okrika river; nil for arsenic in the preliminary assessment of heavy metal levels in soils of an oil field in Niger Delta, Nigeria and nil for Mercury in the characteristic levels of heavy metals in soil profile of automobile mechanic waste dump in Nigeria. The levels of concentration for water in the present study are also comparable to the International values recommended by WHO for portable and drinkable water which are 0.01mg/L, 0.01mg/L and 0.001mg/L for lead, arsenic and mercury respectively. The WHO values are much smaller than the corresponding mean values of 0.12mg/L, and 0.005mg/L for Lead and Mercury respectively in the present study while the values for Arsenic are the same.  <#LINE#> @ @  Iwegbue C.M.A., Egobueze F.E. and Opuene K., Preliminary assessment of heavy metals of soil of an oil field in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, Intenational J. of Environmental Sci. Tech, 3(2), 167-172 (2006a) @No $ @ @  Iwegbeue C.M.A., Heavy metal and Physicochemistry of soils, sediments and surface water in the environment of crude oil impacted area of delta state, Rivers state University of Science and Technology, M.Sc. Project. Unpublished, (2004) @No $ @ @  Leventhal J.S. and John D.A., Bioavailability of metals, Retrieved from http://www.pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr.95-0831/chapter2pdf (1995) @No $ @ @  Nurberg H.W., The voltammetric approach in trace metal chemistry of natural water and atmospheric precipitation, Analytical Chemica Acta, 164, 1-21 (1984) @No $ @ @  Stingliani W.M. and Anderberg S., Heavy metal pollution in the Rhine Basin, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 786-793 (1993) @No $ @ @  Egboh S.H.O. Nwajei G.E., Adiakpo E.O. and Anyahara G., Heavy metals pollution in soils around market waste dumpsites in Warri metropolis of Delta State of Nigeria, Proceedings of an International Conference on Biotechnology Foundation for African Development through International Biotechnology (FADIB) Enugu 16-19 July, 2001, 183-187 (2001) @No $ @ @  Biney C., Amuzu A.T., Calamari D., Kaba N., Mbome I.L., Naeve H., Ochumba P.B.O. Osibajo O., Radegonde V., Saad M.A.H., Review of heavy metals in the African Aquatic Environment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 28, 134-159 (1994) @No $ @ @ Lena Q. Ma and Gade N. Rao, Chemical fractionation of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in contaminated soil, J. Environ. Qual, 26, 259-264 (1997) @No $ @ @  Maitera O.N., Barminas J.T and Magili S.T., Determination of Heavy metal Level in water and sediments of River Gongola in Adamawa state, Nigeria, Journal Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Science ( JETEAS), 2(5), 891- 896 (2011) @No $ @ @  Alloway B.J. and Ayers D.C., Chemical principles of environmental pollution. Blackie, London, (1994) @No $ @ @  Yisa J., Heavy contamination of road deposited sediments, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(a), 1231-1236 (2010) @No $ @ @  Afolabi O.N., Adeyemi S.A. and Imevbore A.M.A., Studies of the toxicity of some Nigeria crude oils to some aquatic organisms, Proceeding of the International Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and the Nigeria Environment, FMW andH/NNPC, 9th April, 269-273 (1985) @No $ @ @  Adenuga A.A., Ogunfowokan A. O., Torto N and Okoh E. A. Levels of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in effluent from a sewage treatment oxidation pond and receiving stream-A preliminary study,  Ife Journal of Science, 9(1), 115-128 (2007) @No $ @ @  Carrondo M.J.T., Lester J.N. and Perry A., An investigation of a flameless atomic absorption method for determination of aluminum, calcium, iron and magnesium in sewage sludge, Talanta, 26, 929-933 (1979) @No $ @ @  Iwegbue C.M.A. Isirimah N.O., Igwe C. and Williams E.S., Characteristic levels of heavy metals in soil profiles of automobile mechanic waste dumps in Nigeria, Environmentalist, 26, 123-128 (2006b) @No $ @ @  Nwajei G.E. and Iwegbue C.M.A., Heavy metals in dust particles from selected Laboratories in Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria J.Chem Soc. Nigeria, 32(2), 287-291 (2007) @No $ @ @  Michael H. Jr., Millie N. H. and Ayebaemi I. S. Speciation of heavy metals in inter-tidal sediments of the Okrika river system, River State, Nigeria, Bull Chem. Soc. Ethiopia, 13(1), 1-9 (1999) @No $ @ @  Nwajei G.E. and Iwegbue C.M.A., Trace metal concentrations in soils in the vicinity of Uwelu motor spare part market, Benin City Nigeria, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 32(2), 282-286 (2007b) @No $ @ @  Fakayode S.O., Impact assessment of industrial effluent on water quality of the receiving Alaro River in Ibadan, Nigria. Jeam-Ragee, 11, 1-13 (2005) @No $ @ @  World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol 2, Health criteria and other supporting information, Geneva, (1984) @No $ @ @  Onyeli L.I. and Aboje A.A., Removal of Heavy metals from dye effluent Using Activated Carbon produced from coconut shell, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 3(12), 8238-8246 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Hazards of Plastic Bags in Dholpur- A Small District town of Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>M.K.@Singh,ReetaDevi@Singh<#LINE#>6-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-017.pdf<#LINE#>2 1Department of Chemistry, Govt. P.G. College, Dholpur, Rajasthan-328001, INDIA 2Department of Sociology, Govt. P.G. College, Dholpur, Rajasthan-328001, INDIA  <#LINE#>18/1/2013<#LINE#>25/2/2013<#LINE#> One of the most common things in our modern world is the ubiquitous plastic grocery bag. Highly convenient, strong and inexpensive, plastic grocery bags are appealing to both customers and businesses as a reliable way to deliver goods from the store to home. However, there are several issues associated with the production, use, and disposal of plastic grocery bags which may not be initially apparent to most users, but which are nonetheless extremely important. By assessing the lifecycle of plastic grocery bags, we can better understand the full ecological footprint of the plastic bag, and find more effective means of dealing with the associated negative impacts. India’s plastic consumption is one of the highest in the world. Yet, precious little has been done to recycle, re-use and dispose of plastic wastes. This study shows that even small town of Dholpur with a population of approximately 1.5 lakhs is not free from the menace of plastic bags. The authors assess the type of plastic bags used by different subjects followed by their use and disposal. The study also suggests the judicious and effective ways to tackle the problem at larger level.    <#LINE#> @ @  Singh A.K., Mishra N.K., Verma H.C. and Saha L.C., Carbon and Its Compounds, Foundation Science. Bharati Bhavan, 215 (1997) @No $ @ @  Jain Malika and Jain Priyanka, Carbon and Its Compounds, Essentials of Science, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd, Third Edition, 391 (2012) @No $ @ @  Dainik Bhaskar, Alwar Edition,  12 (2010) @No $ @ @  Chauhan, B. 2003. “India State Outlaws Plastic Bags.” BBC News August 7. Accessed (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ south_ asia/3132387.stm) November 20, (2005) @No $ @ @  Times of India Mumbai, Section: Time City, Page No. 4, Jan 06, (2010) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Dynamics in Littoral Zone of Nageen Basin of Dal Lake, Kashmir, India<#LINE#>Irfan@KhursheedShah,Humaira@Shah<#LINE#>11-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-023.pdf<#LINE#>2 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, INDIA 2Department of Education, J&K Government, INDIA  <#LINE#>29/1/2013<#LINE#>2/3/2013<#LINE#> The present study has been under taken to evaluate physico-chemical parameters and their dynamics in the littoral zone of Nageen basin of the world famous Dal Lake. The investigated parameters included Air temperature, water temperature, pH, specific conductivity, Total dissolved solids, oxygen saturation, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity, chlorides, orthophosphates, nitrates, and total iron. The investigation revealed that the dynamics of physico-chemical parameters depends on both autochthonous and allochthonous inputs and interactions taking place in the Lake Littorals.   <#LINE#> @ @  Mackereth F.J.H., Water analysis for limnologists, Freshwater Biol. Assoc., 21, 1-70 (1963) @No $ @ @  Golterman H.L., Methods of chemical analysis of fresh waters, Int. Biol. Program Handbook 8. Blackwell scientific Publication, Oxford (1969) @No $ @ @  APHA, AWWA, WEF., Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, 21st  ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (2005) @No $ @ @  Meher-Homji V.M., The climate of Srinagar and its variability, Geog. Res. India., 33(1), 1-14 (1971) @No $ @ @  Wetzel R. G., Limnology, 5th ed. Academic Press, California (2001) @No $ @ @  Hutchinson G. E., A Treatise on Limnology, Vol. II, Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York (1967) @No $ @ @  Golterman H. L., Studies on the cycle of elements in fresh water, Acta Bot. Neerlandica., 9, 1-58 (1960) @No $ @ @  Juday C. and Birge E.A., The transparency, the color and the specific conductance of the lake waters of north eastern Wisconsin, Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett., 27, 415-486 (1933) @No $ @ @  Sarwar S.G. and Zutshi D.P., Periphytic algal flora of Phragmites communis, J. Indian. inst. sci., 69(4), 275-283 (1989) @No $ @ @  Ruttner F., Fundamentals of limnology, University of Toronto Press, Toronto. (1963) @No $ @ @  Ohle W., Chemische and physikalische untersuchungen norddeutscher seen, Arch.Hydrobiol., 26, 386-464 (1934) @No $ @ @  Clarke F.W., The Data of Geochemistry, 5th ed. Bull. U.S.Geol.Surv., 770-881. (1924) @No $ @ @  Ownbey C.R. and Kee D.A., Chlorides in lake Erie, Proc.Conf.Great Lakes Res., (10), 382-389 (1967) @No $ @ @   Philipose M. T., Nandy A. C., Chakraborty D. P. and Ramakrishna K. V., Studies on the distribution in time and space of the periphyton of perennial pond at Cuttack, India, Bull. Cent. Inl. Fish Res. Inst., 21, 1 – 43 (1976) @No $ @ @  Allen H. L., Primary productivity, chemo-organotrophy and nutritional interactions of epiphytic algae and bacteria on macrophytes in the littoral of a lake, Ecol. Monogr., 41 (2), 97-127 (1971) @No $ @ @  Sarwar S.G. and Wazir M.A., Abiotic environment of fresh water lentic ecosystem of Kashmir, Geobios., 15, 282-284 (1988) @No $ @ @  Stauffer R.E., Cycling of manganese and iron in lake Mendota, Wisconsin, Enviro.Sci.Technol., 20, 449-457 (1986) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Study on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures in Palpa District of Nepal<#LINE#>Govinda@Bhandari<#LINE#>15-23<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-025.pdf<#LINE#> Environment Professionals� Training and Research Institute Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, NEPAL<#LINE#>31/1/2013<#LINE#>18/2/2013<#LINE#>This study was conducted in Madanpokhara village of Palpa district that lies in Nepal aiming to learn the climate change impacts and the new adaption measures at local level. Climate change (CC) has impacted agriculture in the study area and the people have reported decreasing trends of crop production, more flowering and poor fruiting in the fruits and vegetables, explosion of pest and insect in crops, erosion of fertile top soil and shift to use hybrid seeds. Adaptation strategies of the affected people included their engagement in construction of water harvesting pond, agro forestry, water source protection, tier system of cultivation, grafting, alternative energy as a source of energy and initiation of community based micro-credit programs. To address the issues of CC, government of Nepal have initiated its adaptation programmes through the dissemination of CC Policy Nepal 2011. <#LINE#> @ @ Adejuwon S.A., Impacts of climate variability and climate change on crop yield in Nigeria. Paper presented at the stakeholders� workshop on assessment of impacts and adaptation to climate change (AIACC), Conference centre, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 271-279 (2004) @No $ @ @ Agrawala S., Raksakulthai V., van Aalst M., Larsen P., Smith J., Reynolds J.,  Development and climate change in Nepal: Focus on water resources and hydropower. Environment directorate, Development Co-operation Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003) @No $ @ @ Ajetomobi J., Abiodun A., and Hassan R., Economic impacts of climate change on rice agriculture in Nigeria, Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, (14), 613-622 (2010) @No $ @ @ Amatya S.M. and Shrestha K.R., Nepal Forestry Handbook (2nd edition), Nepal Foresters� Association, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal (2010) @No $ @ @ Bajracharya S. R., Mool P. K. and Shrestha B. R., Impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers and glacial lakes:Case studies on GLOF and associated hazards in Nepal and Bhutan, Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) (2007) @No $ @ @ Bates B.C., Kundzewicz Z.W., Wu S., Palutikof J. P., Climate change and water. Technical paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva: IPCC Secretariat, (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhutiyani M. R., Kale V. S., Pawar N. J., Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalayas: 1866�2006, Int. J. of Clim., 30(4), 535-548 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cruz R. V., Harasawa H., Lal M., Wu S., Anokhin Y., Punsalmaa B., Honda Y., Jafari M., Li C. and Huu Ninh N., Asia Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Parry M. L., Canziani O., Palutikof J. P., van der Linden P. J. and Hanson C. E., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 469�506 (2007) @No $ @ @ Eriksson M., Climate Change and its Implications for Human Health in the Himalaya, Sustainable Mountain Development in the Greater Himalayan Region, 50 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eriksson M., Jianchu X., Shrestha A. B., Vaidya R. A., Nepal S. and Sandstrom K., The changing Himalayas �Impact of climate change on water resources and livelihoods in the Greater Himalayas. Kathmandu, Nepal, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) (2009) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)., Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Perspective, Framework and priorities, Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, Rome (2007) @No $ @ @ His Majesty�s Government (HMG)., Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, National Water Plan Nepal, Nepal: His Majesty�s Government (2005) @No $ @ @ (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal, 76 (2009) @No $ @ @ IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)., Climate change 2007: The physical science basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Chen Z., Marquis M. Averyt K. B., Tignor M. and Miller H. L., Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press (2007) @No $ @ @ Jianchu X., Shrestha A., Rameshananda Vaidya R., Eriksson M., and Hewitt K., The Melting Himalayas: Regional Challenges and Local Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Ecosystems and Livelihoods, ICIMOD Technical Paper, (2007) @No $ @ @ Liu X. and Chen B., Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades, Int. J. of Clim., (20), 1729�1742 (2000) @No $ @ @ McSweeney C., New M. and Lizcano G., UNDP climate change country profiles: Nepal, Available at http://country profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk (2008) @No $ @ @ National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)/Ministry of Environment (MOE)., Thematic Working Group Summary Report, NAPA, MOE, Government of Nepal, (2010) @No $ @ @ NCVST (Nepal Climate Vulnerability Study Team)., Vulnerability through the eyes of the vulnerable: Climate change induced uncertainties and Nepal�s development predicaments, Institute for Social and Environmental Transition (ISET), Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: Nepal Climate Vulnerability Study Team (NCVST) (2009) @No $ @ @ Ojha H., Dahal N. and Baral J., Climate Change, Forestry and Livelihoods in Nepal: Issues and Options for LFP and its Potential Successor (2008) @No $ @ @ Pant K.P., Effects of Agriculture on Climate Change: A Cross Country Study of Factors Affecting Carbon Emission, The J. of Agri. and Envi.,(10): 72-88 (2009) @No $ @ @ Parry M.L., Rosenzweig C., Iglesias A., Fischer G., Livermore M., Climate change and world food security: a new assessment, Global Environ. Change (9) 51-67 (1999) @No $ @ @ Practical Action., Understanding Disaster Management in Practice: with reference to Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: Practical Action (2010) @No $ @ @ Regmi B. R., Thapa L., Suwal R., Khadka S. and Tamang B.B., Agro-biodiversity management: Key strategies to promote community based adaptation, Journal of Forest and Livelihood, Special issues on CC, Forest Action, Nepal (2009) @No $ @ @ Schild A., ICIMOD�s position on Climate Change and Mountain System: The Case of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas, Mountain Research and Development (28) 329-331 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma C.K. and Adhikary A.D., Nepal�s Hydro-electricity: Energy for tomorrow world (1990) @No $ @ @ Shrestha A. B., Wake C.P., Dibb J.E. and Mayewski P.A., Precipitation fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya and its vicinity and relationship with some large scale climatological parameters, Int. 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Available at www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2009/ July/ international _ July815.xml�ion=international (2009) @No $ @ @ Uprety B.K., Climate Change: Living with the Threats.Image Nepal (bi-monthly travel magazine), August-September (2011) @No $ @ @ US Country Studies Program (USCSP)., Country Study Team Nepal, Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation: Nepal Water Resources, Prepared as a part of the US Country Studies Program, Washington, DC (1997) @No $ @ @ Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS)., Water Resources of Nepal in the Context of CC,WECS, Kathmandu (2011) @No $ @ @ WFP (World Food Programme)., Winter drought worsens food insecurity in Nepal, Available at www.wfp.org/news/news-release/winter-drought-worsens-food-insecurity-nepal (2009) @No $ @ @ Zickfeld K., Knopf B., Petoukhov V. and Schellnhuber H. J., Is the Indian summer monsoon stable against global change? 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<#LINE#>Study of Different Parameters of Manmade Mohari Reservoir from Pathardi Tahsil, MS, India<#LINE#>B.B.@Tilekar,R.M.@Dhamak,S.V.@Theurkar,M.K.@Ghadage,S.B.@Patil<#LINE#>24-27<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-028.pdf<#LINE#>2 1JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan-333001, INDIA 2Dept. of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, Tal. Khed, Dist. Pune, INDIA  <#LINE#>7/2/2013<#LINE#>2/3/2013<#LINE#> When water is polluted by various ways that means it affects flora and fauna of that area. The villagers mainly used it for irrigation and pisciculture activities. Water sample collected in Mohari dam located in southern part of Pathardi Tahasil, District-Ahmednagar (MS). Water is most precious natural resource expected to before from pollution. The physiochemical parameters are atmospheric temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solid (TDS), acidity (acid), alkalinity (alk), carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolve oxygen (DO), were mentioned on monthly basis for period of one time annual cycle that is Jan 211 to Dec- 2011. The result revealed that the reservoir water is useful for human use.  <#LINE#> @ @  Trivedy R.K., Goel P.K. and Trisal C.L., Practical methods in ecology and environmental science Enviro media publication, Karad (India) (1987) @No $ @ @  Singhai S., Ramani G.M. and Gupta U.S., Seasonal variation and relationship of different physiochemical characteristics in newly made Tawa Reservoir, Limnio logical (Berlin), Poll Res J, 21(1), 293-301 (1990) @No $ @ @  Govindaswamy C. and Kannanm K., Rotifer of the pichavaram mangoves (Southeast coast of India) Hydrobiological approach, Mahasagar, Bull. Natl. Inst. Ocenogr., 24, 39-45 (1991) @No $ @ @  King D.L., The role of carbon in eutrophication, Ecology. Res J., 42, 2035-2081 (1970) @No $ @ @  Olsen R.D. and Sommerfeld M.R., The physiochemical limnology of desert reservoir, Hydrobiologia, 3J(2), 117-129 (1977) @No $ @ @  Goel P.K., Trivedi R.K. and Bhave S.V., Studies on the Limnology of few fresh water bodies in southwetern Maharastra, India,  Res J. Environ, Pract, 5(1), 19-25 (1985) @No $ @ @  Pearsall W.H., Phytoplanktons in the English lake1, The production in the water of some dissolves substancess of Biological importance, Journal of Ecology, 18, 306-320 (1930) @No $ @ @  Zafar A.R., Limnology of Hussian sagar Lake, Hydrabad, India phykas, Poll Res J, 5, 115-126 (1966) @No $ @ @  Shankar P., Jayaraman P.R. and Ganga Devi T., Studies on the Hydrography of the lotic ecosystem ‘Killiar’ Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala, India, Poll. Res J., 21(2), 113-121 (2002) @No $ @ @  Olsen R.D. and Sommerfeld M.R., The physiochemical limnology of desert reservoir, Hydrobiologia, 3J(2), 117-129 (1977) @No $ @ @  WHO International standard for drinking water, Third edition, WHO, Geneva (1971) @No $ @ @  Dwivedi P. and Sonar S., Evaluation of physiochemical and characteristics of water samples in water reservoir around Rono Hills, Doimukh (Dist.Papum pare), Arunachal Pradesh, Poll. Res J., 23(1), 101-104 (2004) @No $ @ @  Jain C.K., Bhatia K.S. and Vijay T., Ground water quality in coastal region of Andra Pradesh, Indian Journal of Envirorn. Hith., 39(3), 182-192 (1997) @No $ @ @  Sahai R. and Sinha A.B., Investigations on Bioecology of Inland of Gorakhpur (U.P.) India 1, Limnology of Ramgarh Lake, Hydrobiologya, 34, 433-447 (1969) @No $ @ @  Dwivedi B.K. and Pandey G.C., Physiochemical factors and algal diversity of two ponds (Girija kund and Maqubara pond) Faizabad, India, Poll Res J., 21(3), 361- 369 (2002) @No $ @ @  Hannam H., Chemical modification in reservior regulated Streams In: The ecology of regulated streams (Eds) Ward, J.W. and Stanford, J.A. Edition plenum corporation publication, 75-94 (1979) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Basic Purification and Management of Household Waste in the District of Abomey-Calavi in Benin Republic: Case of Agamadin, Gbodjo and Tokpa-zoungo areas<#LINE#>A.S.@Yemadje�Alda,A.@EdorhPatrick,P.@AinaMartin,Patient@Guedenon,Houssou@ChristopheS.,Michel@Boko<#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-030.pdf<#LINE#>1,4 1Interfaculty Centre of Training and Research in Environment for Sustainable Development  (CIFRED),University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 1463, J�richo, Cotonou, BENIN 2Laboratory of Science and Technology of Water (LSTE), School Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC),01 BP 2009 , Abomey-Calavi, BENIN 3Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01BP 526 Abomey-Calavi, BENIN 4Laboratoire Study of Climates, Water Resources of the dynamics of ecosystems,University of Abomey-Calavi, (UAC), BP: 1338, Abomey-Calavi, BENIN  <#LINE#>10/2/2013<#LINE#>25/2/2013<#LINE#> The district of Abomey-Calavi has been going through an important demographic growth since the 1980s. This triggers difficulties in the management of waste and waste water and makes of this district a high-risk area for the basic purification. With the aim of contributing to a better knowledge of the issues of basic purification for a more effective intervention, we studied the problem concerning the management of domestic solid waste in the deprived areas: Agamadin, Gbodjo and Tokpa-zoungo. A descriptive and analytical study was carried out. The technique of sampling was a random one. Of our investigations, it emerges that 34,52 % of the investigated households are subscribed to the structures of pre-collection of garbage while 65,48 % are not. The garbage is daily deposited by households deprived of trash cans. The garbage of both subscribed households and non-subscribers finishes on the wild garbage dumps. The filth heaps proliferates in districts. Waste water of shower, laundry and dish washing is poured in the middle of streets or in open-air, half or fully closed catch basins.  <#LINE#> @ @  Djigo A.A., Cleansing of worn water and its impact on the socio-medical situation of the populations of M�dina Gounass, Memory DEA/University of Lubumbashi, 61 (2005) @No $ @ @  Insae Rgph1, The Atlantic population, villages and city districts, 10 (1988) @No $ @ @  Insae Rgph2, The Atlantic population, villages and city districts, 8 (1994) @No $ @ @  Insae Rhph3, General Census of Population and Housing, 3rd Edition, in 5 Summary of results, 11 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gardien-ngo Marie Abomey-Calavi, Identification and evaluation of the supports to be brought to the underprivileged districts retained by the communes of Abomey-Calavi, Kandi and Lokossa, 60, (2007) @No $ @ @  Schwartz D., Statistical methods for use by doctors and biologists 4th edition, Medical Publishing Flammarion, Paris, 314 (1995) @No $ @ @  Ali I., The management of domestic and industrial waste with Parakou, Master's paper DGAT /FLASH /UNB, 161 (1995) @No $ @ @  Tiwari Seema and Tripathi I.P. Lead pollution -an overview, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(5), 62-68 (2012) @No $ @ @  Devi Priyamvada, Sirisha D., and Gandhi N., Study on the Quality of Water and Soil from Fish Pond in Around Bhimavaram West Godavari District, A.P., INDIA, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(1), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @  Kinsiclounon Eustache G., Edorh Patrick A., Guedenon Patient, Deguenon Yvette, Sossou Bernard, Dougnon Victorien T., Loko Frederick and Boko Michel, Risks of Drinking Water Contamination by Chemical and Organic Substances in the Lakeside City of So-Ava in Benin Republic, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,Vol. 2(1), 1-9 (2013) @No $ @ @  Vincy M.V., Brilliant Rajan and Pradeep Kumar A. P., Water Quality Assessment of a Tropical Wetland Ecosystem with Special Reference to Backwater Tourism, Kerala, South India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(5), 62-68 (2012) @No $ @ @  Dossou O.V., Contribution of strategic environmental assessment in planning: the case of the master plan of the plateau of Abomey (RB), Thesis memory, FLASH / UAC, 348 (2005) @No $ @ @   Adjahi T.P., Study of the degradation of urban sites: Case of Abomey-calavi, Masters thesis DGAT / FLASH / UNB, 70 (1994) @No $ @ @  K�k� E., Erosion stormwater in urban areas: Case of the town of Abomey, Aspects, Impacts and Control Methods, Masters thesis, DGAT / FLASH / UAC, 88 (2002) @No $ @ @  Yadav Janeshwar, Pathak R.K. and Khan Eliyas, Analysis of Water Quality using Physico-Chemical Parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, MP, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(1), 9-11 (2013) @No $ @ @  Diabagate S., Assainissement et Gestion des ordures m�nag�res �  Abobo (v2) : cas d'Abobo-Baoul�, M�moire de Ma�trise IGT 96 (2006) @No $ @ @  Agamuthu P., Solid waste: principle and management, Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press (2001) @No $ @ @  Agamuthu P. and Fauziah S. H. MSW disposal in Malaysia: landfill management. Published in Proceedings of the 2nd Expert Meeting on Solid Waste Management in Asia and the Pacific Islands, Kitakyushu, November 23-24, (2006) @No $ @ @  Agamuthu P., Hamid F.S. and Khidzir K., Evolution of solid waste management in Malaysia: impacts and implications of the solid waste Bill 2007, Journal of Mater Cycles Waste Management, 11, 96-103 (2009) @No $ @ @  Ayotamuno J. M. and Gobo A. E., Municipal solid waste management in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Obstacles and prospects, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 15(4), 389 – 398 (2004) @No $ @ @  Dako S., Problems of cleansing in urban environment: case of the Ladji district in Cotonou. Memory of CAPES/University of Abomey-Calavi, 51 (2007) @No $ @ @  Doka M., Management of household waste in Abidjan. Masters thesis, IGT.158 (1990) @No $ @ @  Fauziah S. H., Simon C. and AGAMUTHU P., Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia – Possibility of improvement?, Malaysia Journal of Science, 23(2), 61-70 (2004) @No $ @ @  Gardien-ngo Marie Abomey-Calavi, Assistance with the placement of the composition C in the new underprivileged district Tokpa-Zoungo of the town of Abomey-Calavi, 42 (2007) @No $ @ @  Hadjibiro K., Dermatas D. and Laspidou C., Municipal solid waste management and landfill site selection in greece: irrationality versus efficiency, Global NEST Journal, 13(2), 150-161 (2011) @No $ @ @  Haferkamp B.H., Burmester I. and Goede M., New identification and sorting strategies for solid waste management and a closed-loop recycling process, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. A, University of the Aegean, 186-193 (1997) @No $ @ @  Jalil A., Sustainable Development in Malaysia: A Case Study on Household Waste Management, Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(3), 91-102 (2010) @No $ @ @  Sane Y., The management of waste in Abidjan, a recurring problem and apparently unresolved, 105 (1999) @No $ @ @   Nasi H., Theng L.C. and Rahman M., Solid waste management – what is the Malaysian position? Published in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Management: Issues and Challenges in Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia: National University of Malaysia, July 25-26, (2000) @No $ @ @  Tsiligiannis C., Kavvadas C., Kornaros M. and Lymberatos G., Comparative assessment of solid waste treatment and disposal technologies and sites for Attica. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. A, University of the Aegean, 138-145 (1997) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>A Study on Inventorization of GHGs from Energy and Industrial Sector and their Impacts in the Tungbhadra River basin, South India<#LINE#>M.S.UmeshBabu,E.T.@Puttaiah<#LINE#>35-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-037.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka -577451, INDIA  <#LINE#>14/2/2013<#LINE#>21/2/2013<#LINE#> The climate negotiations and treaties are clearly mentioned that stabilization of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere which would impact on the climate system is required. To this dialogue, IPCC has taken several initiatives to estimate and minimize the GHGs emission across the globe which will lead to the global warming. As per the IPCC and other several studies across the globe mentioned that energy and industrial sectors are the major contributor of global warming and emits GHGs largely (around 60 percent) compared to other sectors. Based on the understanding of macro level studies, we have chosen micro level study, Tungabhadra River basin in south India to understand the impacts GHGs and their level of emissions to the atmosphere. This study, focused on the energy and industrial sector in the basin to estimate the emissions of GHG by adopting a methodology, ‘revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventory’ developed by IPCC. This study found that, the ratio of emissions is increasing rapidly due to the urbanization and industrialization. The end results show that energy and industrial sector contribute almost equally but the emissions rate increasingly highly from energy sector. Thus, adopting for green energies such as solar, wind, bio gas etc., will reduce the emissions in the basin. In addition, replacing older technologies with advanced equipment will consume less energy and contribute minimum GHGs.  <#LINE#> @ @  Sharma S., Bhattacharya S. and Garg A.A., Greenhouse Gas Emissions from India: A Perspective, Current Science, 90, (2006) @No $ @ @  Sugirtharan M. and Venuthasan T., Farmers awareness on climate change related issues at some irrigable areas of Batticoloa district, Srilanka, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(2), 29-32 (2012) @No $ @ @  Srinivasn A., Asian perspectives on climate regime beyond  http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/ upload/169/ attach/03_india.pdf (2012) @No $ @ @  Economy of India, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Economy_of_India (2012) @No $ @ @  Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF). India’s Initial National Communication to the United Nations Conventions on Climate Change, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/ (2004) @No $ @ @  Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1999-2010 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2012-Chapter-3-Energy.pdf (2012) @No $ @ @  Tenth five year plan, 2002-07,  http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/10th/volume2/v2_ch7_3.pdf (2012) @No $ @ @  Raghuvanshi S.P., Avinash Chandra, Ashok Kumar Raghav. Carbon dioxide emissions from coal based power generation in India, Elsevier Ltd, (2005) @No $ @ @  Kiran L.D., Vivek S.M. and Dilip S.R., Impact of industrial effluent discharge on physic-chemical characteristics of agricultural soil, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(3), 33-36 (2012) @No $ @ @  National Sample Survey Organization. Household consumer expenditure and employment – unemployment situation in India, NSS 58th Round, Report No. 484 (58/1.0/1), (2003) @No $ @ @  Ramachandra, Jagadeesh K., Rao G.R., Kiran M.K., Jagadish K.S., Mapping of fuelwood trees in Kolar district using remote sensing data and GIS http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/paper/fuelwood/fuelwood.html (2012) @No $ @ @  Kumar S., Himanshu S.K. and Gupta K.K., Effect of global warming on mankind- A review, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(4), 56-59 (2012) @No $ @ @  Chatterjee K., An Indian Perspectives of Climate Change Mitigation: Poverty Eradication, Through Sustainable Economic Growth http://www.climatechangecentre.net/pdf/IPerspectiveCCM.pdf  (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Studies of Physico-Chemical Parameter of River Belgirinalla, CG, INDIA<#LINE#>Dhanesh@Singh,JangdeAshok@Kumar<#LINE#>41-45<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-039.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, K.G. Arts and Science P.G. College, Raigarh, C.G., INDIA  <#LINE#>12/2/2013<#LINE#>2/3/2013<#LINE#> River Belgirinalla is a small tributary of river Hasdeo. River Hasdeo is the Life Line of Korba, Chhattisgarh. The present study was taken on River Belgirinalla. It is an important water source of village Parasabhatha and Belgiri Basti. This river is greatly influenced by effluents of industrial units and domestic wastes. There are major fly ashes, red muds and sewerage ponds situated near the River Belgirinalla, its overflow directly mixes with above mentioned river. The study reveled that the total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, ammonia, nitrite, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand of water of this area was higher than the limits. Biological oxygen demand was under the limit, DO was found lower than standard limits.  The sediment of River Belgirinalla contains higher concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ than the permissible limit recommended by Indian Standards and World Health Organization. The present investigation highlights the adverse effect of surface water and sediment due to mixing of industrial and domestic wastes.  <#LINE#> @ @  Rammesur T. Roshan, Boodhoo Kishore, Bissembur Zaynab Bibi, Balgobin and Boyjoo Aushima, Investigation of lead and zinc in coastal sediments from urban runoff along the North-West coast of Mauritius, J. of Env. Res. And Develop, 5(3), 516-523 (2011) @No $ @ @  Manivasakam N., Physico-chemical analysis of water sewage and industrial effluent, Pragati Prakasan  Meerat, INDIA (2009) @No $ @ @  Hess P.R., Soil Chemical Analysis (2002) @No $ @ @  Standard Method of examination of water and wastewater (21st Edition, APHA) (2005) @No $ @ @  Iwuoha G.N. and Osuji L.C., Changes in Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters following the Dredging of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, Imo State of NIGERIA, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(3), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Umamheshwari S. and Anbu Sarayanan N., Water Quality of Cauvery River Basin Trichinappalli, India, IJLR, 2(1), 1-20, (2009) @No $ @ @  Vaishnav M.M. and Sahu Dineswari, Study of some physico-chemical characteristics of Hasdeo River water at Korba, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 140-142 (2006) @No $ @ @  Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U., Assessment of physicochemical contaminants in waters and fishes from selected rivers in Nasarawa State, NIGERIA, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @  Abowei J.F.N., Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, pH and surface Water Temperature conditions in Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Advance J. of Food Sci. and Tech., 2(1), 36-40 (2010) @No $ @ @  Shama S., Iffat N., Mohammad I. A. and Safia A., Monitoring of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water Samples of District Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(8), 24-30 (2011 ) @No $ @ @  Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, INDIA, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @  Khosravi Tauba, Shivaraju H.P., Sajan C.P. and Byrappa K., Impact Assessment of Effluent Discharge on Underground Water Qualities around Gemini Distillery, Nanjangud, Mysore District, Int. J. of Applied Env. Sci., 5(4), 617-626 (2010) @No $ @ @  Mahmood Arshad, Siddquei Alam and Quari Rashida, Determination of fluoride Concentration Sea water of different shores along the Karachi Pakistan, J. Env. Res. and Develop., 5(4), 928-932 (2011) @No $ @ @  Dewangon S. and Vaishnava M.M., Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameter  in Different Aquifers of Balco Industrial Area, Korba, C.G. INDIA, Res. J. of Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @  Mohan G.V. Krishna, Prakash G. Jaya and Wate S.R., Evironmental Impact Assessment of Seasonal Variations of Lower Krishna River Estuary, Peninsular, India, Int. J. of  Env. Res. And Dev., 1(1), 5-15 (2011) @No $ @ @  Siddaraju A.G., Prasad Devi and Hosmani S.P., Assessment of Water Quality using National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) for Madya Karnataka State India, IJLR, 4(1), 27-33 (2011) @No $ @ @  Rawat Satish K. Rama Singh K and Singh P., Seasonal Variation of Nitrate Level in Ground and Surface Water of Lucknow and its remediation Aquatic Macrophytes, IJLR, 3(1), 25-35 (2010) @No $ @ @  Venkatramih B., Studies of physico-chemical characteristics of water samples in some selected Lakes in Andhra Pradesh, India, IJLR, 4(1), 71-84 (2011) @No $ @ @  Limsun Hoo, Samat Abdulla, Moh. R. Othamon., Cd and Pb Concentration at residential area nearby Labu river system in Malaysia, Res. J. Chem. Env., 7(3), 60-64 (2003) @No $ @ @  Talabi S.M., Ollahi Hbbib S. and Semnani., Cloud Point Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Natural Waters, Asian J. of Chem., 19(3), 2445-2451 (2007) @No $ @ @  http://24timezones.com/onlinemap/india_korba.php (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Definition of Ecological-Economical Optimum of Pavement Evenness on the Results of an Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by the Road �Vehicle Complex in Uzbekistan<#LINE#>Maria@Radkevich<#LINE#>46-50<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-040.pdf<#LINE#> Automobile and Road construction Institute, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN  <#LINE#>14/2/2013<#LINE#>22nd/2/2013<#LINE#> The road transport is one of the main greenhouse gas emissions sources. Existing methods for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions account for only a vehicle, apart from the road, whereas they are indissoluble linked together, forming a road-vehicle complex. Therefore, it is this interface that should be assessed when inventorying the greenhouse gas emissions. The volumes of the greenhouse gses’ emissions produced b the «rod-vehicle� complex depend on the pavement evenness. An inventorying method for the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the "road-vehicle" complex based upon the results of monitoring of the pavement evenness is suggested hereby. Also ecological-economical optimum of pavement evenness is estimated.  <#LINE#> @ @  Saini B., Verma R., Himanshu S. K. and Gupta S. Analysis of Exhaust Emissions from Gasoline Powered Vehicles in a Sub-urban Indian Town, Int. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,  2(1), 37-42 (2013) @No $ @ @  World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change. Overview: The new climate for development, World Bank, Washington (2010) @No $ @ @ Sugirthrn M. nd Venuthsn T. Frmers’ Awreness on Climate Change Related Issues at some Irrigable Areas of Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka , I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,  1(2), 29-32 (2012) @No $ @ @  Arya Richa, Gupta Anil K.and Yunus Mohammad Flood Resilience through Climate-change adaptation: A case of Gorakhpur, Eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,  1(2), 25-28(2012) @No $ @ @  Kumar S., Himanshu S.K. and Gupta K.K. Effect of Global Warming on Mankind - A Review, I. Res. J. Environmen Sci.,  1(4), 56-59(2012) @No $ @ @  Ruszky A.V. etc. The design instruction (technique) for inventory of emissions of motor vehicles into the air. OAO "NIIAT", Moscow (2006) @No $ @ @  Nesterovich N.V., Bogdanovich S. Content management system covering in Belarus, Roads and Bridges, № 2 2, 67-72 (2008) @No $ @ @  Krasikov O.A. Justification repair strategies of non-rigid pavements. Ph. D. Thesis, Almaty (1999) @No $ @ @  Shmuylovich A.V., Arkhipov V.F., Golumidova A.V. Economic evaluation of wear of vehicles caused by road conditions / / Electronic Journal of Vladimir State University (http://journal.vlsu.ru/index.php?id=128) № 18, Part 2 (2007) @No $ @ @  Lukanin V.N., Trofimenko Y. Industrial and transport ecology. Higher School , Moscow (2001) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Sediment Characterization of Lower sections of a Central Himalayan river, Tawi, Jammu (J&K), India<#LINE#>V.@Sharma,K.K.@Sharma,A.@Sharma<#LINE#>51-55<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-053.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006), J&K, INDIA  <#LINE#>1/3/2013<#LINE#>4/3/2013<#LINE#> Information on sediment quality and characterization is an important requirement for water resources development and management. This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to assess the sediment physico- chemistry of river Tawi during a period of twelve months. Sediments were analyzed according to the standard methodology for sediment particle size (sand, silt and clay), sediment texture, pH, EC, TOC and TOM. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Sand was found to be the major contributor to the sediment texture. The values of TOC and TOM do not exceeded the acceptable limits but tend to be increasing gradually. Therefore, environmental surveillance of these parts of the river is strongly recommended.   <#LINE#> @ @  Stronkhorst J., Brills J., Batty J., Coquery M., Gardener M., Mannio J., O’Donnell C., Steewijk J. and Frintrop P., Discussion document on Sediment Monitoring guidance for the EU Water Framework Directive, Version 2, EU Water Framework Directive expert group on Analysis and Monitoring of Priority Substances, May 25th (2004) @No $ @ @  Matisoff G., Fisher J.B. and Matis S., Effects of benthic macroinvertebrate on the exchange of solutes between sediment fresh water, Hydrobiologia , (122) 19- 33 (1985) @No $ @ @  Mucha A.P. Vasconcelos M.T.S.D. and Bordalo A.A., Macrobenthic community in the Douuro Estuary: relation with trace metals and natural sediment characteristics, Environmental Pollution, (121) 169 –180 (2003) @No $ @ @  Tsai L.J., Yu K.C., Chen S.F. and Kung P.Y., Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching, Water Res., (37) 2449-2457 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ezekiel E.N., Hart A.I and Abowei J.F.N., The Sediment Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(4), 341-349 (2011) @No $ @ @  Ivara, E.S., Fundamentals of Pedology, Ibadan: Stirling-Holden (1999) @No $ @ @  Esu,I.E., Fundamentals of Redology Sterling. Hordon Publishers (Nig.) Ltd., University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 54 (1999) @No $ @ @  Davies, O.A. and Tawari, C.C., Season and tide effects on sediment characteristics of trans-okpoka creek, upper bonny Estuary, Nigeria, Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 1(2) 89-96 (2010) @No $ @ @  Rauf A., Javed M., Ubaidullah M. and Abdullah S., Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the River Ravi, Pakistan, Int.J.Agric. Biol., 11(2) 197-200 (2009) @No $ @ @  Bragadeeswaran S., Rajasegar M., Srinivasan M. and Kanaga Ranjan U., Sediment texture nutrients of Arasalar estuary, Karaikkal, south east coast of India, Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(2) 237-240 (2007) @No $ @ @  Srivastava S.K. and Banerjee D.K., Speciation of metals in sewage sludge amended soils, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., (152) 219-232 (2004) @No $ @ @  Bates R.G., Electronic pH Determinations, John Willey and Sons Inc., New York (1954) @No $ @ @  Godson R.E., Ana E. and Sridhar M.K.C, Soil quality near a chemical fertilizer at Pirt Haecourt, Nigeria, AJEAM/ RAGEE, (4) 50- 57 (2002) @No $ @ @  Bouyoucos G.H., A recalibation of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils, Agro. J., (43) 434- 438 (1961) @No $ @ @  Gerakis A. and Baer B., A computer program for soil textural classification, Soil Science Society of American Journal, (63) 807-808 (1999) @No $ @ @  Walkley A. and Black I.A., An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil Organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci., (37) 29-38 (1934) @No $ @ @  Barnes H., Apparatus and methods of oceanography, Part 1, Chemical G. Alen and Unwin Limited, London, 341 (1959) @No $ @ @  Allan J.D., Stream Ecology structure and Function of Running Waters, 1st Edn., Chapman and Hall New York, 388 (1995) @No $ @ @  Sesamal S.K., Sahu B.K. and Panigraphy R.C., Texture and composition of sediments of Hooghly estuary and near shore environment, Indian J. Marine Sci., (15), 201-202 (1986) @No $ @ @  Lewis M.A., Weber D.E., Stanley R.S. and Moore J.C., Dredging impact on an urbanized florida bayou: effects on benthos and algal- periphyton, Environmental Pollution, (115) 161-171 (2001) @No $ @ @  Davies O.A. and Abowei J.F.N, Sediment Quality of Lower Reaches of Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria, European Journal of Scientific Research, 26(3) 437-442 (2009) @No $ @ @  George A.D.I., Abowei J.F.N. and Allison M.E., The sediment characteristics of Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Asian J. Agric. Sci., 2(1),  9-14 (2010) @No $ @ @  Braide S.A., Izonfuo W.A.L., Adakwu P.U., Chinda A.C. and Obinwo C.C., Water qualityof miniweja stream, a swamp forest stream receiving non-point source waste discharge in Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria, Sci. Afric., 3(1), 1-8 (2004) @No $ @ @  Mohammed S.S. and Mohammed M.B., Analysis of Dumpsite soil PH in selected Dumpsites of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(3), 52-54 (2012) @No $ @ @  Reddy K.R., Urbanek A., and Khodadoust A.P., Electroosmotic dewatering of dredged sediments: Bench scale investigation, Journal of Environmental Manage, (78), 200- 208 (2006) @No $ @ @  Gupta S.C. and Larson W.E., Estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle size distribution organic matter and bulk density, Water Resources Research, 15(6), 1633- 1635 (1979) @No $ @ @  Lipsius K., Estimating Available Soil Water capacity from basic soil physical properties – A comparison of common Pedotransfer functions (2002) @No $ @ @  Kumar A., Chen Y., Sadek A. and Rahman S., Soil cone index in relation to soil texture, moisture content and bulk density for no tillage and conventional tillage,  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 14(1), 26-37 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Determination of Pollution in Groundwater Sources in Sangamner Tahsil, 422605, Dist. Ahmednagar, MS, India<#LINE#>Bharati@KiranT.,DipeekaK@Deshmukh.,T.Bharati@Dinkar,KeshavK.@Deshmukh<#LINE#>56-58<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-049.pdf<#LINE#> Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce & B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner 422605, Dist. Ahmednagar, MS, India  <#LINE#>8/3/2013<#LINE#>11/3/2013<#LINE#> This study deals with assessment of physico-chemical characteristic of groundwater around Sangamner tahsil of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. The study has been carried out to examine its suitability for drinking, irrigation and industrial purpose. Rapid industrialization and advance techniques of agriculture caused groundwater pollution has affected the quality of groundwater due to its overuse and improper waste disposal. Groundwater pollution caused by human being activities like more use of fertilizers, pesticides used in agricultural field, release of  industrial waste water, percolation of surface water etc. In the present study, attempts has been made to investigate some physico-chemical parameters of 17 groundwater samples collected from two sources like as Bore well and Dug well of some villages in Sangamner tahsil of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. The parameters such as pH, electrical conductance, total hardness, total dissolved solid, turbidiance, calcium hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, total alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate and fluoride. The results indicate that all the groundwater parameter was found very high.  <#LINE#> @ @  Dutta Joydev, Chetia Mridul and Misra A.K., Drinking Water Quality in Six Small Tea Gardens of Sonitpur District of Assam, India, with Special Reference to Heavy Metal, J. Environ. Science & Engg., 53(4), 443-450 (2011) @No $ @ @  Pedley S. and Howard G., The public health implication of groundwater microbiology, Q. J. Eng. Geol, 30(2), 179 (1997) @No $ @ @  Reid D.C., Edwards A.C., Copper D., Wilson E. and  McGraw B.A., The quality of drinking water from private water supplies in Aberdeenshire, UK, Wat. Res, 37, 245 (2003) @No $ @ @  Rajankar P.N., Gulhane S.R., Tambekar D.H. and Wate S.R., Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Nagpur Region based on Water Quality Index, E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(3), 905-908 (2009) @No $ @ @  Sudhakar M.R. and Mamatha P., Water quality in sustainable water management, Current Science, 87(7), (2004) @No $ @ @  Sarma H.P. and Bhattacharya K.G., Quality of drinking water in the Darrang district with particular reference to Mangaldai sub division, Ph.D. thesis, Gauhati University, Guwahati, (1997) @No $ @ @  Bhuyan B. and Sarma H.P., Public health impact of pesticide use in the Tea Gardens of Lakhimpur District, Assam, ecology, Environment and Conservation, 10(3), 333-338 (2004) @No $ @ @  APHA: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (19th edn) American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., 1, 467 (1998) @No $ @ @  Adak M.G. and Purohit K.M., Poll, Res., 20, 575 (2001) @No $ @ @  Malviya A., Diwakar S.K. and Choubey S.O.N., Orient.J.Chem., 26 (1), 319-323 (2010) @No $ @ @  Khaiwal R. and Garg V.K., Distribution of fluoride in groundwater and its suitability assessment for drinking purpose, Int. J. Environ. Hlth. Res., 16, 163-166 (2006) @No $ @ @  Dilli Rani G., Suman M., Narasimha Rao C., Reddi Rani P., Prashanath V.G., Prithibha R. and Venkateswarlu P., Current World Environment, 6(1), 191-193 (2011) @No $ @ @  Venkateswarlu P., Suman M. and Narasimha Rao C., Research journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2(2), 464-469 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Histopathological Impact of Malathion on the Ovary of the Fresh Water fish Channa punctatus<#LINE#>R.S.@Magar,U.E.@Bias<#LINE#>59-61<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-098.pdf<#LINE#>2 1Department of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidhyalaya Nanded-431605, MS, INDIA 2Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi Mahavidhalaya Cidco, Nanded, MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>18/12/2012<#LINE#>14/1/2013<#LINE#> The histopathological effects of sublethal concentration of malathion in the ovary fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus were investigated. An exposure dependent alteration in ovary and histology is reported for both acute and chronic exposures were reported in Channa punctatus. In acute exposure (for 4 days) reduction in size of mature oocytes, disruption, vaccualation in cytoplasm were reported. In chronic exposure (for 15 days) complete loss of normal configuration of ovary, necrosis, elongated ovarian follicles, and fragmented ova with abnormal shape were reported.  <#LINE#> @ @  Sasaki Y., Izumiyama F., Nishidate E., Ishibashi S.,  Tsuda S., Matsusaka N., Asano N., Saotome K., Sofuni T. and Hayashi M., Detection of genotoxicity of polluted sea water using shellfish and the alkaline single-cell gel electophorosis (SCE) assay: A preliminary study, Mutation. Res., 393, 133-139 (1997) @No $ @ @  Bondarenko S., Gan J., Haver D.L. and Kabashima J.N. Persistence of selected organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in waters from a coastal watershed, Environmental Toxicology and chemistry, 23(11), 2649-2654 (2004) @No $ @ @  Sprague J.B., The ABC’s of pollutant bioassay using fish. In biological methods for the assessment of water quality, Am.  Soc. Test. Mater. Tech. Publ., 528, 6-36 (1973) @No $ @ @  Muhammad Ismail, Rahat Ali., Tayyaba Ali, Usman Waheed and Khan Q.M., Evaluation of acute toxicity of profenofos and its effect on behavior pattern of fingling common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L.) 1758: Bull. Envi. Contom. Toxicol., 82, 569-573 (2009) @No $ @ @  WHO, Lindane in drinking water Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality – Geneva, World Health organization (WHO/SDE/WSH/ 03.04.102), (2003) @No $ @ @  Pugazhvendan S.R., Jothi Narendiran N., Kumaran R.G., Kumaran S. and Algappan K. M. Effect of malathion toxicity in fresh water fish Ophiocephalus punctatus – A histological and histochemical study, World J. of Fish. And Mar. Sci., 1(3), 218-224 (2009) @No $ @ @  USEPA United states environmental protection agency, (2005) @No $ @ @  Finney D.J., ‘Probit analysis’ Third edition, Cabridge University, Press (1971) @No $ @ @  Kulshrestha S.K. and Arora N., Impairments induced by sublethal doses of two pesticides in the ovaries of a fresh water teleost Channa striatus Bloch. Toxicol.Lett., 20, 93-98 (1984) @No $ @ @  Hazarika R. and Das M., Toxicological impact of BHC on the Ovary of the Air-Breathing Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Bull.Env.Contom.Toxicol., 60, 16-21 (1998) @No $ @ @  Dutta K.K. and Dikshith T.S.S., Histopathological changes in the testis and liver of rats repeatedly exposed to pesticide, Exp.Pathol.,  8, 363-370 (1973) @No $ @ @  Nigam S.K., Lakhad B.C., Kamik A.B. and Thakore K.N., Bhatt D.K., Arvind Babu K. and Kashyan S.K.,  Effect of hexachloro-cyclohexane feeding on testicular tissues of pure impred swiss mice, Bull.Environ.Contom.Toxicol., 23, 431-437 (1979) @No $ @ @  Shivarajah K., Franklinand C.S. and Williams W.P., Some histopathological effects of Aroclor 1254 on the liver and ovaries of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri and carp, Cyprinus carpio. J. Fish.Biol., 13, 411-414 (1978) @No $ @ @  Pandey A.K. and Shukla L., Ovarian recrudescence in a fresh water teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus, J. Env.Biol., 6, 195-204 (1985) @No $ @ @  Singh S. and Sahai S., Effect of malathion on the immature ovary of Rasbora daniconius, A histopathological study, Intl. J. Acad. Ichthyol.,  6, 11-15 (1985) @No $ @ @  Sahai S., Toxicological effects of some pesticides on the ovaries of Punticus ticto (Ticto), Proc 8th Annual Acad Env.Biol., 21-29 (1987) @No $ @ @  Giri A.N., Srivastava D.K. and Trivedi S.P., Insecticide basathrin induced histoanatomical insult of ovarian tissue of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Biol.Memoirs., 26, 20-24 (2000) @No $ @ @  Srivastava R.K., Yadav, K.K. and Trivedi S.P., Devicyprin induced gonadal impairment in a fresh water food fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch), J. of Env.Biol., 29(2), 187-191 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystem: A Brief Overview<#LINE#>Goutam@Kumar,A.L.@Ramanathan<#LINE#>62-66<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-010.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, INDIA  <#LINE#>7/1/2013<#LINE#>2/2/2013<#LINE#> Heavy metal contamination in the mangrove ecosystems is the matter of concern as its long persistence and continuous anthropogenic inputs. Depositional environment also affects the concentration of heavy metals as its significant positive correlation with organic carbon content and particle size of the sediments. Heavy metal concentrations is higher in the upper layer of mangrove sediments as compares to mud flats as the higher content of  fine particle and organic matter in the upper sediment layers of the mangrove sites. Heavy metals concentration depends upon the factors influencing its content in the sediments as well as on release.   <#LINE#> @ @  Du Laing G., De Grauwe  P., Moors W., Vandecasteele  B., Lesage E., Meers E., Tack F.M.G. and Verloo M.G., Factors affecting metal concentrations in the upper sediment layer of intertidal reedbeds along the river Scheldt, J. Environ.Monit., 9, 449-455 (2007) @No $ @ @  Du Laing G., Bogaert N., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G. and  Hendrickx F., Heavy metal contents (Cd, Cu, Zn) in spiders (Piratapiraticus) living in intertidal sediments of the river Scheldt estuary (Belgium) as affected by substrate characteristics, Sci, Total Environ., 289, 71-81 (2002) @No $ @ @  Kumar G., Ramanathan A.L. and Rajkumar K., Textural characteristics of the surface sediments of a Tropical mangrove ecosystem Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Ind. J. Mar. Sci., 39(3), 415-422 (2010) @No $ @ @  Paalman M.A.A., van der Weijden C.H. and Loch J.P.G., Sorption of cadmium on suspended matter under estuarine conditions: competition and complexation with major seawater ions, Water, Air and Soil Poll., 73, 49-60 (1994) @No $ @ @  Hsu M.J., Selvaraj K., Agoramoorthy G. and Taiwan’s industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial biota, Environ.Pollut., 143, 327-334 (2006) @No $ @ @  Agoramoorthy G. and Hsu M.J., Borneo’s proboscis monkeys e a study of its diet of mineral and phytochemical concentrations, Curr.Sci.,  89, 454-457 (2005) @No $ @ @  Kumar G. and Ramanathan A.L., Microbial Diversity in the Surface Sediments and its Interaction with Nutrients of Mangroves of Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2(1), 25-30 (2013) @No $ @ @  Huang H., Ou W.H. and Wang L.S., Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments and risk assessment in Huaihe River of China, J. Environ. Sci., 18(2), 236-241 (2006) @No $ @ @  ZHONG Ai-ping, GUO Shu-hail, LI Feng-me, LI Gang and JIANG Ke-xu, Impact of anions on the heavy metals release from marine sediments, J. Environ.Sci., 18(6), 1216-1220 (2006) @No $ @ @  Thuy H.T.T. and Tobschall H.J., An P.V. Trace element distributions in aquatic sediments of Danange Hoian area, Vietnam, Environ.Geol., 39, 733-740 (2000) @No $ @ @  Green G., Williamson B., Bull D., Oldman J., MacDonald I. and Mills G., Prediction of Contaminant Accumulation in Auckland Estuaries NIWA Client Report: ARC01252, NIWA, Hamilton, New Zealand, 78 (2001) @No $ @ @  Wangersky P.J., Biological control of trace metal residence time and speciation. A review and synthesis, Mar. Chem., 18, 269–297 (1986) @No $ @ @  Weng H.X., Zhu Y.M., Qin Y.C., Chen J.Y. and Chen X.H., Accumulation discrepancy of heavy metal and organic pollutants in three near-shore depositional environments, southeastern China, J. Asian Earth Sci., 31, 522–532 (2008) @No $ @ @  Coston  J.A., Fuller C.C. and Davis J.A., Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ adsorption by a natural Al- and Fe- bearing surface coating on an aquifer sand,GeochimCosmochimActa, 59, 3535-3547 (1995) @No $ @ @  Shaw A.J., Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Evolutionary Aspects. CRC Press, Florida (1990) @No $ @ @ Island, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50, 185-194 (2005) @No $ @ @  Nath B.N., Kunzendorf H. and Pluger W.L., Influence of provenance, weathering and sedimentary processes on the elemental ratios of the fine-grained fraction of the bed load sediments from the Vembanad Lake and the adjoining continental shelf, southwest coast of India, J. Sed. Res., 70, 1081-1094 (2000) @No $ @ @  Ranjan R.K., Ramanathan AL., Singh G., Chidambaram S., Assessment of metal enrichments in tsunamigenic sediments of Pichavaram mangroves, southeast coast of India, Environ. Monit. Assess, doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0128-y (2008) @No $ @ @  Huang Q.H., Shen H.T. and Mao Z.C., Distribution and behavior of dissolved heavy metals in the river Yangtze Estuary Shanghai, Environ.Sci., 20(8), 372-377 (2001) @No $ @ @  Chen S.L., Zhou J.Z. and Gu G.C., The distribution and shift of heavy metal elements in Changjiang Estuary, J. Guangzhou Environ.Sci., 16(1), 9-13 (2001) @No $ @ @  Perry C.T., Berkeley A., Intertidal substrate modification as a result of mangrove planting: impacts of introduced mangrove species on sediment microfacies characteristics, Estua. Coast.Shelf Sci., 81, 225–237 (2009) @No $ @ @  Alongi D.M., Ramanathan AL., Kannan L., Tirendi F., Trott L.A., Bala Krishna Prasad M., Influence of human-induced disturbance on benthic microbial metabolism in the Pichavaram mangroves, Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex, India, Mar. 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<#LINE#>Changing Dimensions of Food Security in a Globalized World: A Review of the Perspectives for Environment, Economy and Health<#LINE#>Sayan@Bhattacharya,Dhrubajyoti@Chattopadhyay,Aniruddha@Mukhopadhyay<#LINE#>67-73<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-013.pdf<#LINE#>1  1Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, INDIA  2B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, INDIA  <#LINE#>12/1/2013<#LINE#>20/1/2013<#LINE#> With the change of time, income growth, globalization, urbanization, high energy prices, shifting diets and climate change are transforming food consumption, production and markets. The global food crisis is affecting the structures of the human society severely and pushing millions of people into poverty and malnutrition. Recent increases in the prices of the main agricultural commodities have increased the number of hunger affected people from 850 million to 963 million all over the world. Additionally, climate change is making the platform of food insecurity more strong. Increased rainfall amounts and intensities are leading to greater rates of soil erosion, whereas increasing problem of drought in some areas affects agricultural productivity tremendously. Rising sea levels are threatening coastal aquifers and adjoining groundwater systems, which in turn, is affecting the irrigation systems and food security. In Africa and Latin America many rain fed crops are near their maximum temperature tolerance, so that yields are likely to fall sharply for even small climate changes; falls in agricultural productivity of up to 30% over the 21st century are projected. Sea level rise in the Nile delta can change the water quality, can affect many freshwater fishes, can increase the salinity of the groundwater and also can inundate the fertile agricultural lands. The water from the melting Himalayas annually supports the production of over 514 million tonnes of cereals, equivalent to nearly 55.5% of Asia’s cereal production and 25% of the world production today. Melting of glaciers in Himalayas can highly reduce the agricultural productivity of India. Additionally, new biotechnological methods have been recently used to improve the quality and quantity of foods in our globalized world to meet the demands exponentially increasing world population. Genetically modified organisms are produced by specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. There is a growing concern that introducing foreign genes into edible plants may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health. By inserting genes from organisms which have never been eaten as food, new proteins with unexpected functions are introduced into the human and animal food chains. The new varieties of genetically modified seeds can increase the price of seeds, which can raise the question of affordability of the poor farmers of the developing countries. The technology can execute a devastating effect on the economy and food security of the farmers in developing world and can eventually destroy the locally adapted, inexpensive traditional crop varieties. Understanding food systems in modern socio-cultural context is essential for designing sustainable food production and marketing for adequate human consumption.    <#LINE#> @ @  Boelee E., Ecosystems for water and food security, Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, International Water Management Institute, Colombo (2011) @No $ @ @  World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, Retrived from:  http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb (2003) @No $ @ @  UNESCO, World Water Assessment Programme. 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