@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Bioremoval of Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel and Zinc  from Leachate Sample Collected from Refuse  Dump on Obiri Ikwerre / Air Port Link Road Using Living Cells of Aspegillus Niger and Rhizopus Stolonifer<#LINE#>I.F.@Onianwah,H.O.@Stanley,C.N.@Stanley<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-159.pdf<#LINE#> Rexall Research Services, Port Harcourt, NIGERIA @ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, NIGERIA @ Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, NIGERIA<#LINE#>9/7/2013<#LINE#>23rd/10/2013<#LINE#>Bioremoval of heavy metals from leachate sample collected from refused dump on Obiri Ikwerre / Air port link road was studied. Five treatment options were set up. These include Natural process (positive control), poisoned and filtered sample (negative control), Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and a mixed culture of the above microorganisms. The experiment was conducted at ambient temperature (30 ± 2C and pH range of 6.8 to 8.9 and incubated for 60days. Physicochemical analyses of the leachate on day zero revealed the presence of Cadmium (1.74mg/l), Mercury (0.91mg/l), Nickel (2.6mg/l) and Zinc (4.52mg/l) and was found to be relatively high in relation to WHO environmental standards. At the end of 60 days, the various treatment options (Natural process(positive control), poisoned and filtered sample(negative control), Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, and a mixed culture of the above microorganisms) were able to bioaccumulate 69.4%, 2.9%, 53.3%, 48.1% and 49% of Cadmium; 47.1%, 1.0%, 38.2%, 52.7% and 35.4% of Nickel; 63.7%, 1.2%, 48.6%, 49.8% and 72.4% of Zinc respectively. Mercury was bioremoved by only Positive Control, Rhizopus stolonifer and the mixed culture (2.1%, 2.8% and 2.3%). However, not all the heavy metal recovered from the sample was bioconcentrated.  Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and the mixed culture bioconcentrated 33%, 22.1% and 41% of Cadmium; 22%, 18% and 28% of Nickel; and 40.7%, 32.9% and 58% of Zinc. None of the treatment options bioconcentrated Mercury.  Analysis of variance of the variables (various treatment options) showed that Natural process (positive control), Aspergillus niger and the mixed culture showed significant difference (P<0.05) with time while there was no significant difference (P0.05) for poisoned and filtered sample (negative control), and Rhizopus stolonife. This study has demonstrated the great potential of the above listed microorganisms to clean-up Cadmium, Nickel and Zinc impacted environment and can be employed in treatment of environments polluted with high levels of these metals. <#LINE#> @ @ Volesky B., Bioremoval of heavy metals. Boca Ratón, FL., CRC Press, 396 ISBN 0-8493-4917-6 (1990) @No $ @ @ Volesky B., Bioremoval and me, Water Research, 41(18), 4017-4029 (2007) @No $ @ @ Esmaili S.N. and R. Atash-Dehghan, Proceedings of the th International (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar A. and Minocha A.K., Bioremoval optimization of nickel removal from water using Punica granatum peels waste, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 76(2), 544-548 (2010) @No $ @ @ Donmez G. and Aksu Z., Bioaccumulation of copper (II) and nickel (II) by the non-adapted and adapted growing Candida sp. Water Research, 35(6), 1425-1434 (2001) @No $ @ @ Katarzyna C., Bioremoval of Cr (III) ions by eggshells, Journal of Hazardous Materials,121, 167-173 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mashitah M.D., Yus Azila Y. and Bhatia S., Bioremoval of Cadmium(II) ions by immobilized cells of Pycnoporus sanguineus  from aqueous solution, Bioresource Technology, 99 (11), 4742-4748 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ozturk A., Removal of nickel from aqueous solution by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (1-2), 518-523 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chong, K.H. and B. Volesky Description of 2-metal bioremoval equilibria by Langmuir-type models. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 47, 451-460 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mohan, D. and K.P. Singh Single-and multi-component adsorption of Cadmium and Zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse-an agricultural waste. Water Research. 36, 2304-2318 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stanley, H.O and F.I.Onianwah Microbiological characteristics of solid wastes from selected hospitals in Port Harcourt Urban. Journal of Nigeria Environmental Society, 5(3), 139-146 (2010) @No $ @ @ IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture). Selected Methods for Soil and Plant Analysis. Manual Series 1, Ibadan-Nigeria. (1979) @No $ @ @ Odu, C.T,I., Babalola O.,Udo E.J., Ogunkuule, A.O: Bakare  T.A., and Adeoye, G.O  Laboratory manual for agronomic studies in soils, plants and Microbiology. Dept. Of Agronomy, University of Ibadan. 83. (1956) @No $ @ @ Cheesbrough, M. Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries. Vol 2. Microbiology. Second edition. London(1991) @No $ @ @ Baker, F.J. and R. E. Silverton Introduction to medical laboratory technology. Six edition. Butterworths. London (1985) @No $ @ @  APHA, A. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 19th Ed. Washington DC (1994) @No $ @ @ Aksu Z.; U. Acikel, T. Kutsal Application of multicomponent adsorption isotherms to simultaneous bioremoval of Iron (III) and Chromium (VI) on C. Vulgaris. J. Chem. Tech.Biotechnol.70, 368- 378 (1997) @No $ @ @ Muraleedharan T.R, I. Leela, and C. Venkobachar C Bioremoval: An attractive alternative for metal removal and recovery. Current Science.61, 379- 385 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gadd, G. M. and C. White Heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation and toxicity in fungi and yeast. In: POLE, R. K. and G.M GADD eds. Metal Microbe Interactions. Oxford, IRL Press, 1938 (1989) @No $ @ @ Melgar, M.J; J. Alonso and M.A. García  Removal of toxic metal from aqueous solutions by fungal biomass of Agaricus macrosporus. Science of the Total Environment, 385 (1-3), 12-19 (2007) @No $ @ @ Louise de Rome, G. and M. Gadd Copper adsorption by Rhizopus arrhizus, Cladosporium resinae and Penicillium italicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.26,84- 90 (1987) @No $ @ @ Aksu Z. and Kutsal T., lactic acid production from molasses. Utilizing lactobacillus delbrueckii and Column Reactor 7th European Congress on Biotechnology, 20-23 Feb. Nice France (1995) @No $ @ @ Say R., Denizli A. and Arica M.Y., Bioremoval of Cadmium(II), lead(II) and copper(II) with the filamentous fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Bioresource Technology, 76(1), 67-70 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kuyucak N. and Volesky B., The elution of gold sequestered on a natural biosorbent, Biorecovery, 1, 205-218 (1989) @No $ @ @ Veglio F. and Beolchini F., Removal of metals by bioremoval: a review, Hydrometallurgy, 44, 301- 316(1997) @No $ @ @ Puranik P.R. and Paknikar K.M., Bioremoval of lead and Zinc from solutions using Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum waste biomass, J. Biotechnol., 55, 113-124(1997) @No $ @ @ Saiano F., Ciofalo M., Cacciola S.O. and Ramirez S., Metal ion adsorption by Phomopsis sp. biomaterial in laboratory experiments and real wastewater treatments, Water Research, 39(11), 2273-2280 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Checklist of Birds in and Around Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India<#LINE#>RudraNarayan@Pradhan,UditPratap@Das,Rajesh Kumar@Mohapatra ,Arun Kumar @ Mishra<#LINE#>9-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-178.pdf<#LINE#> RCCF office, Angul, Odisha, INDIA @ BJB Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ Utkal University, Vani vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ Athagarh Division, Cuttack, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>7/8/2013<#LINE#>3rd/9/2013<#LINE#>The present study recorded 61 species of birds belonging to 27 family in a preliminary assessment of avifauna diversity in and around Ansupa lake, Odisha, India, between June 2011 and May 2013. The findings of the present study underline the importance of Ansupa lake as a preferred habitat for birds and provided baseline data about avifauna diversity of the lake to orient future research and management policies. <#LINE#> @ @ Amat J.A. and Green A.J., Waterbirds as Bioindicators of Environmental Conditions. Conservation Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats, Springer Netherlands, 45-52 (2010) @No $ @ @ Weller M.W., Wetland bird habitat resources and conservation implications. Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, 316 (1999) @No $ @ @ Aarif K.M. and Basheer M., The Water Birds of Mavoor Wetland, Kerala, South India World Journal of Zoology, 7 (2), 98-101 (2012) @No $ @ @ Stewart R.E., Technical Aspects of Wetlands -Wetlands as Bird Habitat. National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, United States Geological Survey, 86 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gaston A.J., Methods for estimating bird populations, Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 72(2), 272-281 (1973) @No $ @ @ Buckland S.T., Anderson D.R., Burnham K.P. and Laake J.L., Distance Sampling: Estimating the Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London, (1993) @No $ @ @ Ali S. and Ripley S.D., Handbook of birds of India and Pakistan. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, (1987) @No $ @ @ Ali S., The Book of Indian Birds. (13th Edn.). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, (2002) @No $ @ @ Balachandran S., Sethiyaselvam and Panda S., Bird atlas of Chilika. Chilika Development Authority and Bombay Natural History Society, India, (2009) @No $ @ @ Grimmett R., Inskipp C. and Inskipp T., Birds of the Indian subcontinent. Oxford University Press, New Delhi (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Preliminary Phytochemical screening of bark of some important Trees of College campus with special reference to Tannin, Glycoside and their Medicinal Properties<#LINE#>Neelu@Malviya,Saroj@Mahajan<#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-188.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. Maharani Laxmi Bai Post Graduate College Kila Bhavan, Indore, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>20/8/2013<#LINE#>16/10/2013<#LINE#>The present study aims to utilization of natural phytochemicals present in tree barks. Different parts of plants like bark, wood, leaves, roots, fruits contain tannin and have variable quantity. Very less species have sufficient quantity of commercial importance. Tannin has commercial importance in various industries. During the study, isolation of tannin and test of Glycoside of trees of college campus were done .Bark of some trees have sufficient amount of tannin and glycoside. In our investigation tannin isolated from Mango, Neem, Gulmohar, Kademba and Kachnar Barks. The range of Percentage of tannin found in the bark of some trees from 14.04% to 19.40% was recorded. <#LINE#> @ @ Fetrow W.C. and Avoila I.R., In, The Complete Guide to Herbal Medicine. Spring house corporation, Springhouse, PA11-13 (2000) @No $ @ @ Pandey A.K. and Kori D.C., Variations in tannin and oxalic acid content in Terminaliaarjuna (Arjuna) bark, Pharmacogn. Mag., , 159-164 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sati S.C., Sati N., Rawat U. and Sati O.P., Medicinal plants as a source of antioxidants, Res. J. Phytochem., , 213-224 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nelson K.E.A.N. Pell, P. Schofield and S. Zinder, Isolation and cherecterisation of an anaerobic ruminal bacterium capable of degrading hydrolysable tannin, Applied Environ. Microbiol., 61, 3293-3298 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rana N.K. and Bhat T.K., Effect of Fermentation System on the Production and Properties of Tannase from Aspergillusnigervan Tighem MTCC 2425, Journal of Applied Microbiology,51, 203-212 (2005) @No $ @ @ Smith and Swain, Flavonoid compounds, In Florkin  M., Mason H. S. Comparative  biochemistry III, New York: Academic Press, 75–809 (1962) @No $ @ @ Simon Mole, The Systematic Distribution of Tannins in the Leaves of Angiosperms: A Tool for Ecological Studies, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21(8), 833–846 (1993) @No $ @ @ Akinjogunla O.J., Yah C.S., Eghafona N.O. and Ogbemudia F.O., Antibacterial activity of leave extracts of Nymphaea lotus (Nymphaeaceae) on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolated from clinical samples, Annals of Biological Research, 1(2), 174–184 (2010) @No $ @ @ Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Scopariadulcis and Nymphaea lotus, Jonathan Yisa, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4),3975–3979 (2009) @No $ @ @ Renu S., Useful metabolites from plant tissue cultures, Biotechnology, 4(2), 79-93 (2005) @No $ @ @ i HY, Cui L. and Cui M., Hot topics in Chinese herbal drugs research documented in PubMed/MEDLINE by authors inside China andoutside of China in the past 10 years: Based on co-word cluster analysis, J. Altern. Complement Med., 15, 779-785 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian Medicinal Plants.Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, 1251 (1984) @No $ @ @ The Wealth of India; A dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products; Raw Materials, Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR New Delhi, , 305 (1985) @No $ @ @ H.I. El Sissi, Saleh, Sherbeiny Ansary, Local plants as potential sources of tannins and the isolation of their free and combined sugars Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetabiles 30 - IX -, 12(3), 262-268 (1965) @No $ @ @ Vartak V.D., Kumbhojkar M.S. and Nipunge D.S., Bull Med Ethnobot Res, , 77-84 (1987) @No $ @ @ Mohan K. and Singh A.K., Ethno-medico-botany of Tharus, Adv Plant Sci., , 1-16 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mandal S. and Yonzone R., Ethno botanical studies on some plants of Darjeeling, India, EnvEcol., , 849-854 (1988) @No $ @ @ Prajapati N.D., Purohit S.S., Sharma A.K. and Tarun K., A handbook of Medicinal Plants, Agro House, Chopasani Rd. Jodhpur 53 (2003) @No $ @ @ Handa S.S., Borris R.P., Cordell G.A. and Phillipson J.D., J Nat Prod., 46, 325-330 (1983) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury A.R. and Labdev J., SciTechnol, 10A, 104 (1972) @No $ @ @ Brown R.T., Chapple C.L., Tetrahedron Lett number,19, 1629-1630 (1976) @No $ @ @ Kurien J.C., Plants that Heal. 4th Edn., Orient Watchman Publishing House, Pune, India (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>A Taxonomic and Morphological study of Fresh water Diatom species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg in Cauvery River at Bhavani region, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>R.@Venkatachalapathy,P.@Karthikeyan<#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-192.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#> 27/8/2013 <#LINE#>15/9/2013<#LINE#>Epilithic and Epiphytic diatoms from stones and macrophytes are collected in Cauvery river at Bhavani region in Erode District, Tamil Nadu State and examined by using Light Microscopy (LM). Sixty diatoms belonging to twenty two genera species are identified. The fresh water species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg is recorded for the first time in the study area and a large amount of epiphytic diatoms species. The Synedra ulna species belonging to the genus Synedra are illustrious by tiny taxonomic features. The detailed morphology of the species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg with the length and breadth of the valve, number of striae, shape of the apices, shape of the pseudoraphe and shape of the central area are examined. The species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg was found to be associated with fresh water and slightly water environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Venkatachalapathy R. and Karthikeyan P., Benthic Diatoms in River Influenced By Urban Pollution, Bhavani Region, Cauvery River, South India, Int.J. Inn.Tech.Exp.Eng., 2-3, 2013)@No $ @ @ Venkatachalapathy R. and Karthikeyan P., Environmental impact assessment of Cauvery River with diatoms at Bhavani, Tamil Nadu, India, Int.J.Geo.Ear.Env.Sci., 2-336-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Krammer K. and Lange-Bertalot H., Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.). Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, ),1-576 (1991) @No $ @ @Patrick R.M. and Reimer C.W., The Diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, V. 1. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13 (1966) @No $ @ @ Gandhi H.P., A contribution to the freshwater Diatomaceae of S. Western India - I. Freshwater diatoms of Dharwar, J.Ind.Bot.Soc.35, 194-202, (1956) @No $ @ @ Hustedt F. Bacillariophyta (Diatomae). In Pascher, A. (Ed.). Verlag von Gustav Fischer. Jena, Germany. Die Süßwasser-Flora Mitteleuropas, 10, 1-466 (1930) @No $ @ @ Toma Hassan, Ismail Alhassany R.A.M. Hadi and Maulood, A Contribution to algal Flora in Baghdad area, Iraq, J.adv.lab.res.bio, 3(2), (2012) @No $ @ @ Rashmi Pareek, Gajandra Pal Singh and  Rajesh Singh., Some fresh water diatoms of Galta kund, Jaipur, Ind.J.Soi.sci.Env.Man, 2(4), 110-116 (2011) @No $ @ @ Palanisamy M., Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg: A new generic record in Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica, Cur.sci, 92, 2-25, (2007) @No $ @ @ Gopinathan., A Systematic account of the littoral Diatoms of the Southwest Coast of India, J.Mar.Bio.Ass.Ind, 26, (1984) @No $ @ @ Bharat B Buragohain, Farishta Yasmin and Nilotpal K Brahma., Epipelic Algal Flora of Samaguri Lake of India: A Systematic Approach on Algae – II, Sch.Res.Lib, Ann.Bio.Res,3(10), (2012)@No $ @ @ Fikrat M. Hassan1, Rafia A. Hadi, Thaer. Kassim mand Jinan S. Al-Hassany., Systematic study of epiphytic algal after restoration of Al-Hawizah marshes, southern of Iraq, Int.J.Aqu.Sci, , (2012) @No $ @ @ Sangita phukan, Sailendra and Prasad bora., Preliminary report of Diatoms from Sivasagar district of Assam, Ind.J.Fun.App.Lif.Sci,  (2) 55 – 61, (2012) @No $ @ @  Ehrenberg, C. G. Die infusionsthierchen als volkommene Organismen. Ein Blick in das tiefere organische Leben der Natur. Atlas von vier uns sechzig Kupfertafeln zu Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg über infusionsthierchen, Leipzig,Germany 547, (1838)@No $ @ @ Mrutyunjay Jena, Sachitra Kumar Ratha and Siba Prasad Adhikary., Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Orissa State and Neighbouring Regions, India, Alg, 21(4), 377-392,(2011) @No
<#LINE#>Innovative Methods for Optimization of Surface Aerobic Bio-composting (SABC) Technique in Managing Molasses based Distillery Wastewater, MS, India<#LINE#>SangramP.@Ghugare,Jay S.@Samant<#LINE#>23-45<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-195.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Science; Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, INDIA @ Development, Research, Awareness and Action Institute (DEVRAAI), Kolhapur, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>29/8/2013<#LINE#>5/9/2013<#LINE#>The distillery wastewater - spentwash - is a highly polluting effluent generated in considerable quantities subsequent to alcohol manufacturing from molasses (a by-product of a sugar factory). So far, number of systems such as anaerobic / facultative lagoons and ponds, anaerobic digesters, solar evaporation and drying, incineration, DIEG (drying after concentration; incineration and energy generation), concentration and incineration by using supportive fuels, aquatic treatment system (ATS) etc. have been tried for spentwash treatment and disposal. Most of them suffered serious limitations while offering limited or no success. Huge land requirements, enormous energy inputs, unhealthy economics, ground water and air pollution, non-consistent working were the prominent limitations faced by most of the treatment methodologies tried. Eventually spentwash composting option came forward as it was felt promising and economically viable. Though initially pit composting was practiced by many distilleries, due to some major disadvantages, it was discontinued. Later on, the on ground composting practice was adopted subsequent to directions and guidelines from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB); New Delhi. The bio-composting of spentwash along with filler materials such as pressmud, ash, waste bagasse and agro residue seemed a viable alternative towards treatment and disposal of the distillery waste. However, while working on same, almost all of the effluent treatment facility operators relied on personal judgments while carrying out the composting mostly through trial and error methods. This was due to non-availability of precise mass balance for the substrate materials, lack of understanding of their properties and inability in exercising control on the process parameters due to paucity of appropriate data. The operators were obsessed by the sole objective of disposal of entire spentwash by consuming it totally on available filler materials. The composting operation thus lacked proficient controls, experienced judgments, skilled supervision and adoption of best management practices (BMPs). In light of above facts and modest experience in distillery wastewater management, it was planned to study and evaluate the spentwash composting process being practiced conventionally, at a number of distilleries. For the same detailed laboratory scale experimentation, pilot studies and field scale trials were conducted, in phases, over five years during summer and winter seasons. Under the characterization studies, for each phase, physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, total solids (TS), moisture contents, bulk weights (densities), N, P, K, TVS, ash contents, organic contents, sulphates and C/N ratio for all individual substrate materials were analysed. Tests were also conducted for mixing and blending of the individual solid feed materials in various proportions to observe effects on pH, TS, moisture contents, bulk weights, porosity and free air spaces (FAS) of the resultant feed mix. Further conditioning of pressmud was done through compost recycle and introduction of an amendment in the form of cane trash to improve the solids loading in the in-feed to a compost system. Evaluation of biodegradability, porosity and FAS in the substrate matrix were also done. Performances of composting systems, while changing spentwash loading under various phases, were studied with varied porosity and FAS. Also, the single step and two step composting process configurations for spentwash treatment and disposal were studied and evaluated. It was noted that the losses of biodegradable volatile solids were directly proportional to TS contents of  a compost system. Further, from the mass balance, it was also observed that when the quantity of spentwash to a composting windrow was reduced, the overall system TS were found to be increased. The feed conditioning offered distinct advantage towards improvement in the in-feed TS thereby resulting in to enhanced performance. Also, it was revealed that bulk weights of in-feed and compost product decreased with increase in TS to the system which proved that there was improvement in interstices and air spaces in body matrix of both. Thus feed mix could absorb more moisture due to decreased bulk weights and hence could sustain more spentwash loading without leaching. For compost product, bulk weight reduction was nothing but decrease in water (moisture) in the matrix which could lead to an easy and efficient handling, transportation and land application of the product. Eventually, the two step composting proved to be better than single step process due to certain distinct constructional and operational features offering best performance towards biodegradability and BVS losses.<#LINE#> @ @ Pande H.P.,Sinha B.K. and Singh G.B., Use of Distillery Waste as Fertilizer in  Sugarcane Agro-industrial Alternatives (ed.) Solomon S., Oxford-IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 401-413 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rajukkannu K., Manickam S.T., Marimuthu R., Mohamed H. and Shanmugam R., Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture, Proceedings of the National Symposium, 28th - 29th October, 1996, Kothari Sugars And Chemicals Limited, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu (1996) @No $ @ @ Suryawanshi P.C., Jain K.A., Bhardwaj S., Chaudhari A.B. and Yeole T.Y., Solid and Liquid Wastes: Avenues of Collection and Disposal, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 74-77 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ladwani Kiran D., Ladwani Krishna D., Manik Vivek S. and Ramteke Dilip S., Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Agricultural Soil, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(3), 32-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Washington State University; Puyallup Research Centre, USA, Department of Crops and Soils, Organic Farming Systems and Nutrient Management (2001) @No $ @ @ Washington Organic Recycling Council; USA, Compost Facility Operator Training and Seminar (2002) @No $ @ @ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Prepared and Published Jointly by American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), 21st Edition, APHA, Washington, DC 20001-3710. ISBN 0-87553-047-8, ISSN 55-1979 (2005) @No $ @ @ Robertson F., Sugarcane Trash Management: Consequences for Soil Carbon and Nitrogen, The Final Report to the CRC for Sustainable Sugar Production of the Project – Nutrient Cycling in Relation to Trash Management, A CRC Sugar Technical Publication, CRC for Sustainable Sugar Production, Townsville : 39, ISBN – 1876679271 (2003) @No $ @ @ Woytiuk K., Sugarcane Trash Processing for Heat and Power Production, Master’s Thesis, Continuation Courses in Sustainable Energy Systems, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Division of Energy Engineering, Lulea University of Technology (2006) @No $ @ @ Ghugare S.P. and Samant J.S., Performance Evaluation of Effluent Management in Molasses based Distillery through Bio-composting Process, Environmental Pollution Control Journal, 16(5), 16-36 (2013) @No $ @ @ Haug R.T., The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering, Lewis Publishers, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, ISBN 0-87371-373-7 (1993) @No $ @ @ Gotaas H.B., Composting, Sanitary Disposal and Reclamation of Organic Wastes. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1956) @No $ @ @ Poincelot R.P., The Biochemistry and Methodology of Composting, Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 727(1972) @No $ @ @ M.S. Rahman and M.A. Islam, Application of Multichannel Respirometer to Asses the Biokinetic Parameters of Industrial Wastewater, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(6), 71-75 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Charecterization of Diffuse Chemical Pollution in Satna District of Vindhya Region, India<#LINE#> Prasad@Tripathi ,M.Suresh@Kumar ,Arvind Prasad@Dwivedi <#LINE#>46-60<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-198.pdf<#LINE#> Deptt of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, M.G.C.G.V. Chitrakoot Satna, MP, INDIA @ Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>6/9/2013<#LINE#>29/10/2013<#LINE#>Concern over agricultural diffuse pollution sources in integrated water and soil quality management has been growing recently. The term diffuse essentially point to this feature of the discharge of such pollution leads which makes them some what difficult to notice, monitor or control. For the study of seasonal variation in inorganic content as well as physico chemical parameters, monitoring was done during summer, rainy and winter season year 2009 to 2011. The parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) biochemical oxygen demond (BOD), chemical oxygen demond (COD), nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulphate, phosphate and heavy metals for water analysis and soil temperature, pH, O.C (organic carbon), total nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cation (Na, K, Ca++, Mg++) and heavy metals for soil analysis have been studied. The study revealed that the water sources in the area are heavily polluted. The heavy metals concentration were found more than the permissible limits during all the seasons. Most of these parameters are correlated with one another. Statistical analysis of the data is presented. <#LINE#> @ @ Agarwal G.D., Lunkad S.K., Malkhed T., Diffuse agricultural nitrate pollution of ground waters in India,Water Science and Tecnology.,39(3), 67-75 (1999) @No $ @ @ Padmaparna Ghosh, Drug abuse: Ranbaxy, Dutch pharma put paid to groundwater, Down To Earth,14(17), 7-8 (2005) @No $ @ @ Behera Bhagirath and Reddy V. Ratna., Environment and Accountability: Impact of Industrial Pollution on Rural Communitie, Economic and Political Weekly, 257-265 (2002) @No $ @ @ Biradar B. S. and Biradar C.B., Groundwater pollution due to improper treatment and disposal arrangements by distillery - A case study. Chapter 36 in Trivedy, R. K. (ed.), "Industry and Environment’’ Daya Publications Delhi, (2002) @No $ @ @ Salunke K. J. and Karande S. M.,  Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on the seed germination and early seedling growth in Mungbean, Chapter 68 in R. K. Trivedy (ed.) Industry and Environment, Delhi, Daya Publications. (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar  R.D., Senthil and Narayanaswamy .R., Spectroscopic on the heavy metal pollution of the Sugar mill effluents and its impact on groundwater, Chapter 34 in Trivedy, R. K. (ed.). Industry and Environment, Daya Publications Delhi, (2002) @No $ @ @ Barman S. C., Kisku G. C., Salve P. R., Misra D., Sahu R. K., Ramteke P. W. and Bhargava S. K., Assessment of industrial effluent and its impact on soil and plants, Journal of Environmental Biology.,22(4), 251-6 (2001) @No $ @ @ Singh G., Bala N., Rathod T.R. and Singh B., Effect of textile industrial effluent on tree plantation and soil chemistry, Journal of Environmental Biology,22(1),  59-66 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kisku G.C., Barman S.C. and Bhargava S.K., Contamination of Soil and Plants with Potentially Toxic Elements Irrigated with Mixed Industrial Effluent and its Impact on the Environment, Water, Air and Soil Pollution,120(1-2), 121 – 137 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gowd Srinivasa S. and  Kotaiah  B., Groundwater pollution by Cystine manufacturing industrial effluent around the factory, Environmental Geology,39(6), 679-682 (2000) @No $ @ @ Singh K.P. and  Parwana  H.K., Groundwater Pollution due to Industrial Wastewater in Punjab State and Strategies for its Control, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection,19(4), 241-244 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kaushik A., Bala R. Kadyan  and  Kaushik C. P., Sugar mill effluent effects on growth, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient uptake in wheat seedlings in aqueous vs. soil medium, Water, Air and Soil Pollution.,87(1-4), 39 – 46 (1996) @No $ @ @ Narwal R.P., Antil R.S., and Gupta A.P.,  Soil pollution through industrial effluent and its management, Journal of Soil Contamination,1 (3), 265-272 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ma J., Ding Z., Wei G., Zhao H. and Huang T., Sources Of water pollution and evolution of water quality in the Wuwei Basin of Shiyang River, Northwest China. Journal of Environmental Management., 90, 1168–1177 (2009) @No $ @ @ Taebi A., Droste L.R., Pollution loads in urban runoff and sanitary wastewater, Science of the total Environment,327, 175–184 (2004) @No $ @ @ Petersen M.T., Rifai S.H., Suarez P.M., Stein A.R., Bacteria loads from point and non-point sources in an urban watershed, Journal of Environmental Engineering,131, 1414–1425 (2005) @No $ @ @ Marsalek J., Diamond M., Kok S., Watt E.W. Urban Runoff, The National Water Research Institute, http://www.nwri.ca/threatsfull/ch11-1-e.html. (2002) @No $ @ @ Kelsey H., Porter E. D., Scott G., Neet M., White D., Using geographic information systems and regression analysis to evaluate relationships between landuse and fecal coliform bacterial pollution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology298, 97–209 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jamwal P., Mittal A. K. and Mouchel   J.  M., Point and non-point microbial source pollution: A case study of Delhi, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth.doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.09.005a (2008) @No $ @ @ Hasan M. Z., Panday S.., Pathak B. N., Bulusu, K..P., Project No-1428, NEERI Nagpur, (1981) @No $ @ @ ICMR Manual of standards of quality for drinking water, ICMR Delhi 2nd ed, (1975) @No $ @ @ NEERI manual on water and waste water analysis, Nagpur (1988) @No $ @ @ WHO, guidelines for drinking water quality, (1994) @No $ @ @ Standard method for the examination of water and waste water, APHA AWWA and WEF, 18th ed. (1992) @No $ @ @ Piper C.S., A laboratory manual of methods for the examination of soil and the determination of the inorganic constituents of plant, Original Edition-1942. Printed in India. Scientific publishers Jodhpur (Raj.) India (1942) @No $ @ @ Sharma V.K, Environmental Chemistry, Goel publishing House, Meerut, (2000) @No $ @ @ Vladimir Novatny, Diffuse pollution monitoring and abatement in the future cities, Keynote paper at the International Workshop on TMDL Monitoring and Abatement Program presented at Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea, on May 16(2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Impact of Chelating agent (Zinc) on Heavy metal (Arsenic) caused variations of Hexokinase in different Brain regions of fresh water Teleosts<#LINE#>Mangla@Raibole,S.A.@Shaffi,Manoj@Raibole,Y.P.@Singh<#LINE#>61-64<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-207.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology, Jawaharlal Nehru P.G. College Shyamala Hills-462002, Bhopal, MP, INDIA Department of Zoology (DESM) Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Shyamla Hills-462002 Bhopal, MP, INDIA Veena Vadini Ayur. College and Hospital, Kolar Road-462042, Bhopal, MP INDIA<#LINE#>31/8/2013<#LINE#>2nd/10/2013<#LINE#>In the present study the author intend to study the sub-lethal and lethal effect of arsenic separately and in presence of chelating agent zinc on bio-chemical compartmentation of hexokinase, in various brain regions (cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and medulla oblongata) in three phylogenetically and ontogenetically different fish species i.e. Labeo rohita (Ham) Clarias batrachus (Linn) and Channa punctatus (Bloch) under acute studies from a tropical environment.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pathak Neelam B. and Mankodi P.C.,Hydrological status of Danteshwar pond, Vadodora, Gujrat, India, International Research J. of Environment Science, 2(1), 43-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gautam A., Ecology and pollution of mountain water, A case study of Bhagirathi River, Ashish Publishing House New Delhi(2009) @No $ @ @ Farombi E.O, Adelowo O.A. and Ajimolco Y.R.,Biomorkers of oxidative street and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African Cat fish(Clarias garithepinus) from Nigeria Ogum river,  Int. J. Env. Res. Pub.Health, ,158-165 (2007) @No $ @ @ Banerjee P., Bhattacharya S.S., Bhattacharjee N., Pathak S., Belon P. and Khuda-Buksh A.R., Ascorbic acid combats arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mice liver, Ecotox. Environ. Safe, 72, 639-649 (2009) @No $ @ @ Modi M., Uma Pathak, Kiran Kalia and Flora S.J.S., Arsenic antagonism studies with monoisoamyl DMSA and zinc in male mice, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol, 19, 131-132 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bolognin S., Drago D., Messori L. and Zatta P., Chelation therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, Med.Res.Rev,29(4), 547-570 (2009) @No $ @ @ Flora S.J.S., Bhadauria S., Pant S.C. and Dhakad R.K., Arsenic induced blood and brain oxidative stress and its response to some thiol chelators in rats,Life Sci., 77(18), 2324-2337 (2005) @No $ @ @ Finney D.T.,Probit Analysis Method,2nd Edi. Camp. Uni. Press, (1971) @No $ @ @ Cappllini M.D., Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol.,Iron - Chelating therapy with the new oral agent ICL670 (Exjade), Best Pract. Res.Clin.Haematol., 18, 289-298 ( 2005) @No $ @ @ Colowick S.P. and Kaplon N.O.,Methods in Enzymology,XLI (B) Aca. Press. New York, (1975) @No $ @ @ Edmonds J.S. and Francesconi K.A., Arsenic in sea foods: Human health aspect and regulations,Marine Pollution, 26, 665-674 (1993) @No $ @ @ Farombi E.O, Adelowo O.A. and Ajimolco Y.R.,  Biomorkers of oxidative street and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African Cat fish (clarias garithepinus) from Nigeria Ogum riverInt. J.Env. Res. Pub. Health, , 158-165 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gupta R. and  Flora S.J.S., The Therapeutic value of Hippophaerhamnoides against  sub-chronic arsenic toxicity in mice, J. Med. Food,  8, 353-361 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gupta R. and Flora S.J.S., Photother. Res.,Protective value of Aloe vera against some toxic effects of arsenic in mice, Photother. Res., 19, 23-28 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hellmich H.L., Eidson K., Cowart J., Crookshanks J., Boone D.K., Shah S., Uchida T., DeWitt Douglas and Prough D.S., Chelation of neurotoxic zinc levels does not improve neuron-behavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury, Neurosci. Lett., 440(2), 155-159 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kosnett M.J.,Chelation for heavy metals (arsenic, lead and mercury): Protective or perilous, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther88(3), 412-415 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ku Y. and Peters R.W., The effect of weak chelating agents on the removal of heavy metals by precipitation processes, Environ. Progress, 5(3), 147-153 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mishra M. and Jain S.K.,Effect of natural ion exchanger chabazite for remediation of lead toxicity ;An experiment study in teleost fish Heteropneustes fossilis, Asian J.Exp Sci, 23(1), 39-44(2009) @No $ @ @ Palaniappan PL.RM., Krishna kumar N. and Vadivelu M., Bioaccumulation of lead and the influence   of   chelating   agents  in Catla   catla   fingerlings, Environ. Chem.Lett.,7, 51-54 (2009) @No $ @ @ Raibole M. and Singh Y.P., Concentration of heavy metals (copper and lead) in Channa punctatus and Wallago attuwith special reference to  upper lake of Bhopal, Biom. & Pharm. J., 4(1), 213-217 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shaffi S.A. and Kakaria V.K.,Comparison of the sub lethal effect of metal mixture on gluconeogenic enzyme compartmentations and recovery in brain of three freshwater teleosts,  J.Cell and Tissue Res,14-15 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shaffi S.A., Manohar Y. and Nandan M.J., Influence of protective agents on metal induced respiratory distress in Labeo rohita, Bul.Env. Cont. Toxicol, 66, 611-616 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shaffi S.A., Prakash B.V.B.S., Nichat A. and Raibole M., Microbes as antidote to detoxify the metal caused toxicity in some fresh water teleosts, Nat. Sem. on New Horizons in Toxicol. & substenance of life, 64 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rauf A., Javed M., Ubaidullah M. and  Abdullah S.,Assessment of heavy metal in sediments of river,  Pakistan. Int. J.Agric. and Biology, 11,(2), 197-200 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shaffi S.A.,Influence of sub-lethal HCH on differential distribution of dehydrogenase, glycogen, pyruvate & lactate in different brain region in Labeo rohita (Ham).,Indian J. Exp. Biol. 48, 151-157 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shaffi S.A. and Habibulla  M., 1977 Differential distribution of glycogen, lactate & pyruvate in different brain regions of rat, Indian J.Exp.Biol., 14, 307-308 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tandy S., Bossart K., Mueller, Ritschel J., Hauser L., Schulin R. and Nowack B., Extraction of heavy metals from soils using bio-degradable chelating agents, Environ.  Sci. Technol, 38 (3),937-944 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wenger K., Tandy S. and Nowack B., Effects of chelating agents on trace metal speciation and bioavailability, Biogeo. Chem.  Chelating Agents,12, 204-224  (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Temperature Variation and Apparent Thermal Diffusivity at Lilla Albo, Uppsala, Sweden<#LINE#>Praveen@khanna,Udaya@kumar,Ahamed Osankhan@Riyaz <#LINE#>65-71<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-216.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, 753 12 Uppsala, SWEDEN <#LINE#>24/9/2013<#LINE#>22/10/2013<#LINE#>The surface temperature of the earth differs from place to place. These variations are also influenced by the cloud cover. Using the three months sampled temperature data the variations in temperature of Lilla Albo have been studied. This analysis is carried out to determine Apparent Thermal Diffusivity and Zero Curtain Effect which gives an idea and clear understanding about boundary layer interaction with the atmosphere and osmotic potential variation induced by freeze-thaw events at the soil surfaces.  <#LINE#> @ @ Usowicz B., Kossowski J., Baranowski P., Spatial variability of soil thermal properties in cultivated fields, Soil & Tillage Research,39, 85100 (1996) @No $ @ @Hinkel K.M., Outcalt S.I. and Nelson F.E., Temperature Variation and Apparent Thermal Diffusivity in the Refreezing Active Layer, Toolik Lake, Alaska, , 265-274 (1990) @No $ @ @ Min-Ho Koo, Song Yoonho., Estimating Apparent Thermal Diffusivity using Temperature Timeseries: A comparision of Temperature Data measured in KMA boreholes and NGMN Wells, 12(3), 255-264 (2008) @No $ @ @ Samuel I. Outcalt, Frederick E. Nelson, Kenneth M. Hinkel, The Zero-Curtain Effect- Heat and Mass Transfer across an Isothermal Region in Freezing Soil, 26, 1509-1516 (1990) @No $ @ @ Westin B.O., Zuidhoff S. Frieda., Ground Thermal Conditions in a Frost-Crack Polygon, a Palsa and a Mineral Palsa (Lithalsa) in the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone, Northern Sweden, 12, 395 (2001) @No $ @ @ Higgins C.W., Froidevaux M., Simeonov V., Vercauteren N., Barry C. and Parlange M.B., The Effect of Scale on the Applicability of Taylor's Frozen Turbulence Hypothesis in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 379-391 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Water Quality Index for Ground Water (GWQI) of Dhar town, MP, India<#LINE#>Deepak@Shinde,Uday Singh @Ningwal<#LINE#>72-77<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-219.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Post Graduate College, Dhar- 454 001, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>15/10/2013 <#LINE#> 21/10/2013<#LINE#> This paper deals with the quality of ground water for public consumption to determine the ground water quality index (GWQI) of Dhar town. Physico-chemical parameters of ground water from 10 bore wells from different localities of the town were monitored seasonally during the study period. The parameters investigated were turbidity, pH, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, hardness, sulphate, chloride, fluoride and nitrates. Seasonal GWQI were determined using mean value of the parameters. Results obtained from the study revealed that GWQI during each season is well within the permissible limit and the ground water is safe for drinking or fit for human consumption.  <#LINE#> @ @ Tailor Manthan A. and Mankodi Pradeep C., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(10), 58-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Brown R.M., Mc Cleil, Deininger R.A. and O'Conner M.F., A water quality index crasing the psychological barrier, Edt. Bys. H. Jenkis, proc. Int. Conf. on water poll, Res. Jerusalem. 6,787-797 (1972) @No $ @ @ Horton R.K., An index number system for rating water quality, J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed.,, 300-305 (1965) @No $ @ @ Srinivas J., Purushotham A.V. and Murali Krishna K.V.S.G., Determination of Water Quality Index in Industrial areas of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(5), 37-45 (2013) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater., 18th edt., WPCF Washington DC, (1989) @No $ @ @ Misra P.C. and Patel R.K., Quality of drinking water in Rourkela, outside steel town ship, J. Env. & Poll.,8, 920, 165-169 (2001) @No $ @ @ WHO, Wastes from Healthcare Activities, WHO information, act Sheet No. 253, (2000) @No $ @ @ Mohamed Hanipha M. and Zahir Hussain A., Study of Groundwater Quality at Dindigul Town, Tamilnadu, India,  Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(1), 68-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Soubeiga M., Guiguemde I., Diendere F., Kone M., Diarra J. and Bary A., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Quality of Drilling well water: Case of six drilling wells in the municipality of sapone, Burkina Faso, 2(2), 15-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ashvin G. Godghate, Rajaram S. Sawant and Shobha D. Jadhav, An Evaluation of Physico-chemical Parameters to Assess Borewell Water Quality from Madyal and Vadgaon Villages of Kagal Tahsil, MS, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(5), 95-97 (2013) @No $ @ @ Venkata Mohan S., Rama Mohan S. and Jayaraman Reddy S., Determination of Water quality Index (GWQI) of ground water: An application, Journal of Environment & Pollution,5(3), 219-223, (1998) @No $ @ @ Peter A.K., Sources and classification of water pollutants, In (N. Irving Sex, ed) Industrial pollution, Van Nostrand Reinhold company, (1974) @No $ @ @ Amaliya N.K. and Sugirtha P.Kumar, Emphasizing the Quality of Some Selected Ground Water Samples of 2 2 Kanyakumari District, India Using Quality Index Assessment, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(9), 76-82 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rao V., Narendra and Mahmood S.K., Nutrient status and biological characteristics of Hubsiguda pond, J. Env. Poll.2(1), 31-34 (1995) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., Pre Impoundment Studies on Sardar sarovar Area of Narmada River (Western Zone) with special reference to fisheries,  Ph.D. thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain, India (1993) @No $ @ @ Chaturvedi G.B., Mishra B.B. and Tiwari D.D., Water quality index of ground waters near industrial areas of Balrampur, UP.,  Nature, Enviroment and Pollution Tecnology, 7(2), 331-335 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dhakad N.K., Shinde Deepak and Choudhary Preeti, Water quality index of pre-treated (Raw) and treated water of Anas-dam reservoir of Jhabua town (M.P.), Ind. Res. Comm., 2(1), 53-56, (2008) @No $ @ @ Latif Abdul and Jha A.K., Drinking water quality of different sources at Darbhanga, Journal of Environment and pollution,5(3), 205-207, (1998) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K. and Goyal P.K, Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies, Environ. Publ., Karad, India, (1986) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on the Sediment Characteristics of Manakudy Estuary, South west coast of India<#LINE#>P.Kumar@Sugirtha,M.S.@ Sheela<#LINE#>78-83<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-220.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry and Research center,Women’s Christian College, Nagercoil 629 001, Tamilnadu, INDIA<#LINE#>17/10/2013<#LINE#>7/11/2013<#LINE#>Kanyakumari District is located on the southern extremity of the Indian Peninsula between lat 8 and 8N and between long 7726and  7730’E .The district receives heavy rains during the South west (June to August) and North east monsoons (October to December).The sediment characteristics were studied in 6 stations namely S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6. The grain size ranged from 0.063mm to 0.5mm. The sediment was sandy clay towards river side, but silty clay towards the estuarine side. Organic carbon was lower in S5 and S6. The organic carbon was higher in S2, S3 and S4 because they are located near the mangrove forest on the mudflats.  The detritus from the mangrove forest increase the organic carbon content of these stations. Apart from this the sediment fractions are finer; and the finer fraction has affinity for organic carbon.The CaCO values were highly fluctuating, due to the presence of Molluscan shells and maximum in S6(34.5%). The sulphur content was uniform in all the stations except S6. The maximum was recorded in S4(1.395%).The coir retting pits along the estuary accounts for HS and subsequently the sulphur content of the estuary. The various parameters of surface sediments in the six stations were subjected to two way ANOVA and it was found that they were significantly correlated. <#LINE#> @ @ Karbassi A.R., Monavari S.M., Bidhendi G.R.N., Nouri J. and Nematpour K., Metal pollution assessment of sediment and water in the Shur River, Environ. Monitor. Assess., 147 (1-3), 107-116 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dalrymple R.W., R. Boyd, and B.A.Zaitlin., History of research, types and internal organization of incised valley systems. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 51, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 3-10 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kannan, L. and K. Vasantha., Micro phytoplankton of the Pichavaram mangroves, south east coast of India.Species composition and population density, Hydrobiology,247, 77-86 (1992) @No $ @ @ Murthy P.S.N and Reddy C.V.G., Sedimentological studies off Vashista- Vainateyan- Godavari delta sediments, central east coast of India, Bull. Natn. Inst. Sci., India, 38, 405 -410 (1968) @No $ @ @ Sankaranarayanan V.N. and Panam punnayil S., Studies on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Cochin backwater, Indian J. Mar. Sci., ,  27-30 (1979) @No $ @ @ Kinjo Kitou M. and Shimo M., Characteristics of surface sediments along a creek in a Mangrove Forest, Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 51(6) 809-817 (2005) @No $ @ @ Visher G.S., Grain size distribution and depositional process, Jour. Pet., 39, 1074-1106 (1969) @No $ @ @ Holmer M. and Bondgaar E.J., Photosynthetic and growth response of eelgrass to low oxygen and high sulphide concentrations during hypoxic events, Aquatic Botany, 70,  29-38 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pacyna J.M. and Winehester J.W., Contamination of the global environment as observed in the arctic Palaeogeogr Palacoelimaton Palaeoecol, 82, 149-157 (1990) @No $ @ @ Quevauviller P., Lavigne R. and Cortex I., Impact of industrial and mine drainage wastes on the heavy metal distribution in the drainage basin and estuary of the Sado river (Portugal), Environ Pollut, 59, 267-286 (1989) @No $ @ @ Reimann C.P.de Carital., Intrinsic flaws of element enrichment factors (EFs) in environmental geochemistry, Environ Sci. Technol. 34, 5084-5091 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sutherland,R.A., Bed sediment- associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environ geol., 39, 611-627 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mohan P.M., Sediment transport mechanism in the Vellar estuary, east coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 29, 27-31 (2000) @No $ @ @ Nandan S.B. and P.K. Abdul Azis., Organic matter of sediments from the retiting and non retting areas of Kadinamkulam estuary, south west coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25,  25-28 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sunilkumar R., Distribution of organic carbon in the sediment of Cochin mangroves, southwest of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 274-276 (1996) @No $ @ @ Bhat U.G., Studies on the benthos of kali estuary, Karwar. Ph.D Thesis, Univ. of Karnataka (1984) @No $ @ @ Dittmar T., Herkorn N., Kattner G., Lara R.J., Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans, Global biogeochemical cycles 20, GB 1012. doi : 10-1029/2005GB002570 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jegadeesan P. and Ayyakkannu, Seasonal variation of benthic fauna in marine zone of coleroon estuary and inshore waters, south west coast of India, Indian J.Mar. Sci., 21, 67-69 (1992) @No $ @ @ Nair N.B., Arunachalam M., P.K. Abdul Azis, Krishna kumar K. and Dharmaraj K., Ecology of Indian estuaries. Distribution of organic carbon in the sediments of the Ashtamudi estuary, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 12,  225-227 (1983) @No $ @ @ Seralathan P., Meenakshikutty N.R., Asarafe, K.V. and D. Padmalal, Sediment and Organic carbon distributions in the Cochin harbor area, Indian J.Mar. Sci., 22, 252-255 (1993) @No $ @ @ Vinithkumar N.V., Kumeresen S., Manjusha M. and Balasubramaian T., Organic matter, nutrients and major ions in the sediments of coral reefs and seagrass beds of Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve southeast coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci.,28, 383-393  (1999) @No $ @ @ Sunil Kumar R. and Antony A., Parahetero tenuis Monro (Annelsda: Polychaeha), an indicator species of pollution in cochin backwaters In: N.B. Nair, C.D. Eaper, V.N. Bhat ,S.Sadasivam and P.Gangadharan(eds).Proc.Third Nat.Symp.Environ.Thiruvananthapuram 107-109 (1994) @No $ @ @ Raghunath, R. and T.R. Sreedhara Murthy., Carbonate and Organic matter studies of the shelf of Kasargod, west coast of India, Ind.J. Mar. Sci.,25, 355-357 (1996) @No $ @ @ Dora Y.L. and C. Borreswara Rao, 1970, The grain size variation of the Yasishta Godavari river sediments, Bull. Dept.Mar. Sci, Univ cochin VII, ,  945 -952 (1970) @No $ @ @ Bijoy Nandan, S. and Abdul Azis, P.K., Organic matter of sediments from the retting and non-retting areas of kadinamkulam estuary, southwest coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25, 25 -28 (1996) @No $ @ @ Rajamanickam G.V. and M.G.A.P. Setty., Distribution of phosphorus and organic carbon in the nearshore sediments of Goa, Indian J.Mar. Sci., , 84-89 (1973) @No $ @ @ Alagarsamy R.., Organic carbon in the sediments of Mandovi estuary, Goa, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 20, 221-222 (1991) @No $ @ @ Roy D.V., Chandrasekar N., Kumaresan S., udayanpillai, A.V.and G.V. Rajamanickam., Distribution of Carbonate and organic carbon in the sediments of Thamaraparani delta, TamilNadu. Environ. & Ecol., 17(14),  879-885 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ayyamperumal T., Jonathan M.P., Srinivasalu, S., Armstrong, J.S. and V. Ram Mohan,  Assesment of acid leachable trace metals in sediments cores from river Uppanar Cuddalore, South east coast of India, Environmental pollution, 143, 34-45 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tripathi A and Misra D.R., A study of  Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in contaminated soils of municipal waste dumpsites at Allahabad, India, InternationalJournal of Environmental Sciences, 2(4), 2024-2033 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>A GIS based study on paddy land degradation in Eravur Pattu DS Division, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka <#LINE#>M.@Sugirtharan,E.J.P.@Delina,S.@Amuthenie<#LINE#>84-87<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-225.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agric. Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA @ Department of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>30/10/2013<#LINE#>6/11/2013<#LINE#>Land degradation becomes a noticeable issue in worldwide. The lack of reliable baseline information on land degradation is a limitation towards its monitoring and mitigation. Mapping the spatial distribution of paddy land degradation is significant where the paddy cultivation is primarily practiced. The paper focuses on a detailed study in analyzing the spatial variability of paddy land degradation in the Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretariat Division, Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. A questionnaire study was carried out among the farmers to identify the sites fall under paddy land degradation in the study area. Soil analysis was carried out to explore the variation of the soil chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity and Total dissolved solids (TDS) in the degraded paddy lands in the study area. The findings show that the above parameters were exceeding the standard limits in the degraded lands. The higher variation was observed in the lands adjacent to river aquifer.  The spatial variation maps of these soil quality parameters were derived and integrated through GIS. The final integrated maps show the range of the soil parameters quality zones of the study area and provide valuable information of the paddy land degradation in Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretariat areas of  Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka.  <#LINE#> @ @ Zurayk R., Sayegh F.A.C., Hamadeh S. and Chehab A.G., A GIS based methodology for soil degradation evaluation. Selected papers from 10th International soil conservation organization meeting (1999)  Purdue university and the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion research laboratory. In: D. E. Stott, R. H. Mohtar and G. C. Steinhardt (eds). Sustaining the global farm, 1082-1089 (2001) @No $ @ @ Akram J., Sayema J. and Mohd Y.K., Climate Change Induced Land Degradation and Socio-Economic Deterioration: A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Case Study from Rajasthan, India, Journal of Geographic Information System, 4, 219-228 (2012) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organization, Food outlook- global market analysis, 6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Central bank Sri Lanka, Annual report, 43 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mapa R.B., Somasiri S. and Dassanayake A.R., Soils of the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Soil Science Society of Sri Lanka, 180-190 (2010) @No $ @ @ Statistical Hand book, Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretariat, Chenkalady, 1-77 (2011) @No $ @ @ Thedchanamoorthy K., Rice Agronomy. Published by Eastern University of Sri Lanka, 37 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ramesh Pandian R. and Sashik Kumar M.C., GIS Based Groundwater Quality Assessment in Tuticorin District Tamilnadu, India,International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS,2(1), 173-182 (2013) @No $ @ @ Udayalaxmi G., Geochemical Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas of Hyderabad, A.P., India, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 3(5), 546-553 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>The Advancing Dominance of Ageratum conyzoides L. and Lantana camara L. in a dry Tropical Peri-urban Vegetation in India<#LINE#>N.@Chaudhary,R.@Narayan<#LINE#>88-95<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-229.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, I. P. (Post-Graduate) College, Bulandshahr-203001, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>1/11/2013<#LINE#>14/11/2013<#LINE#>The growing significance of Lantana camara and Ageratum conyzoides in dry tropical peri-urban vegetation was investigated to assess their impact on vegetation structure and soils. While Ageratum occurred at about 85% of the sampled locations, Lantana was at only 26%. The phytosociological analysis of two Ageratum infested sites LTI (long-term recurrently infested) and STI (short-term infested) showed the presence of 46 angiospermic flora in total, distributed over 24 families (23 dicot and 1 monocot), 40 at LTI and 23 at STI. Ageratum and Cynodon dactylon were the leading dominants at both sites accounting for 57% at LTI and 70.3% at STI in terms of IVI. However, in terms of biomass contribution by Ageratum alone, it accounted for 70.8% of total plant biomass at LTI and 82.9% at STI site. The similarity between the plant communities at these two sites in terms of Sorenson index was 0.63.  The soils at LTI site showed higher moisture content, total Nitrogen and Organic Carbon (%) compared to STI. However, available P, S, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cu and exch. K were comparable at both sites. Diversity was also higher at LTI site. The dominance-diversity curve of the plant communities at STI and LTI sites showed geometrical pattern of resource share. In conclusion, the structure of peri-urban vegetation, diversity and soils are greatly impacted by the invading species Lantana camara and Ageratum conyzoides in Indian dry tropics, by virtue of superior dry matter build-up capacity. <#LINE#> @ @ Vitousek P. M., Mooney H. A., Lubchenco J. and Melillo J. M., Human domination of Earth's ecosystems, Science277, 494-499 (1997) @No $ @ @ Vitousek P. M., Aber J. D., Howarth R. W., Likens G. E., Matson P. A., Schindler D. W., Schlesinger W. H. and Tilman D. G., Human alteration of the global Nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences, Ecol Appl, , 737-750 (1997) @No $ @ @  Vitousek P. M., Dantonio C. M., Loope L. L. and Westbrooks R., Biological invasions as global environmental change, American Scientist, 84, 468-478 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lodge D. M., Biological invasions - lessons for ecology, Trends Ecol Evol, , 133-137. (1993) @No $ @ @ Chapin F. S., Zavaleta E. S., Eviner V. T., Naylor R. L., Vitousek P. M. and Reynolds H. L. et al,  Consequences of changing biodiversity, Nature, 405, 234–242 (2000) @No $ @ @ Heywood P., Term papers and class presentations enhance critical thinking in biology, In: "Enhancing Critical Thinking in the Sciences” edited by L.W. Crow. Published by the Society for College Science Teachers, page 97 (1989) @No $ @ @ D'Antonio C. M., Vitousek P. M., Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst, 23, 63–87 (1992) @No $ @ @ Pattison R. R., Goldstein G. and Ares A., Growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of invasive and native Hawaiian rainforest species, Oecol117, 449–459 (1998) @No $ @ @ Smith M. D. and Knapp A. K., Physiological and morphological traits of exotic, invasive exotic, and native plant species in tallgrass prairie, Int. J. Plant Sci, 162, 785–7922001)@No $ @ @ Pysek P., Richardson D. M., Rejmanek M., Webster G., Williamson M. and Kirschner J., Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists, Taxon 53, 131-143 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gupta S., Narayan R., Species diversity in four contrasting sites in a peri-urban area in Indian dry tropics, Trop Ecol, 47(2), 229–241 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sharma G. P., Singh J. S. and Raghubanshi A. S., Plant invasions: Emerging trends and future implications, Curr Sci88, 726-734 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kowarik I., On the role of alien species in urban flora and vegetation, pp. 85-103, In: P. Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rejmanek and M. Wade (eds.) Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, NL (1995) @No $ @ @ Sukopp H., On the early history of urban ecology in Europe, Preslia74, 373-393(2002) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Narayan R., Brick kiln industry in long-term impacts biomass and diversity structure of plant communities, Curr Sci, 99(1), 72–79 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gaur R. D., Flora of the District Garhwal North West Himalaya. TransMedia Srinagar (Garhwal),U.P., India (1999) @No $ @ @ Sharma L. K., Floristic Studies of District Bulandshahr and Morphological Studies of DesmodiumDesv. andAlysicarpusNeek. with Special Reference to Fruit Structure. Ph.D. Thesis.Meerut University, Meerut, India (1980) @No $ @ @ Curtis J. T. and McIntosh R. P., An upland forest continuum in the Prairie-forest boarder region of Wisconsin, Ecology32, 476-496 (1951) @No $ @ @ Risser P. G. and Rice E. L., Phytosociological analysis of Oklahma upland forest species, Ecology, 52, 940-945 (1971) @No $ @ @ Southwood T. R. E., Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to the Insect Population, ELBSedition, Cambridge (1978) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R. H., Communities and Ecosystems, 2nd edn. Macmillan, New York (1975) @No $ @ @ Clifford H. T. and Stephenson W., An Introduction to Numerical Classification, Academic Press, London (1975) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R. H., Evolution of species diversity in land communities, pp. 1-67, In: M.K. Hecht, W.C. Steere and B. Wallace (eds.) Evolutionary Biol, Volume 10. Plenum, New York (1977) @No $ @ @ Shannon C. E. and Weaver W., The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Urbana, III: Univ.Illinois Press (1949) @No $ @ @ Pielou E. C., Species diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession, J. Theor Biol10, 370-383 (1966) @No $ @ @ Berger W.H. and Parker F.L., Diversity of planktonic Foraminifera in deep sea sediments, Science168, 1345-1347 (1970) @No $ @ @ Simpson E. H., Measurement of diversity, Nature163, 688 (1949) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R. H., Evolution and measurement of species diversity, Taxon21, 213-251 (1972) @No $ @ @ Piper C.S., Soil and Plant Analysis, Interscience Publications Inc., New York (1944) @No $ @ @ Allen S.E., Grismshaw H.M. and Rowland A.P., Chemical analysis, In: Moore PD, Chapman SB (eds) Methods in plant ecology, Blackwell, Oxford, pp 285–344 (1986) @No $ @ @ .Thakur M. L., Ahmad M. and Thakur R.K., Lantana weed (Lantana camara var. aculeata Linn.) and its possible management through natural insect pests in India, Indian Forester, 118, 466-488 (1992) @No $ @ @ Aravind N. A., Rao D., Ganeshaiah K. N., Shaanker R. U. and Poulsen J. G., Impact of the invasive plant, Lantana camara, on bird assemblages at Malé Mahadeshwara Reserve Forest, South India, Trop Ecol, 51(2S), 325-338 (2010) @No $ @ @ Holm L., Doll J., Holm E., Pancho J. and Herberger J., World weeds: natural histories and distribution, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York (1977) @No $ @ @ Cronk Q. C. B. and Fuller J. L., Plant Invaders, Chapman and Hall, London (1995) @No $ @ @ Day M. D., Wiley C. J., Playford J. and Zalucki M. P., Lantana: Current Management Status and Future Prospects, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra (2003) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary N., Lantana- A menace or friend? Sci Reporter, 48(11)54-57 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kohli R. K., Batish D. R., Singh H. P. and Dogra S. K., Status, invasiveness and environmental threats of three tropical American invasive weeds (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Lantana camara L.) in India, Biol Invas, , 1501-1510 (2006)  doi: 10.1007/s10530-005-5842-1  @No $ @ @ Khuroo A. A., Reshi Z. A., Malik A. H., Weber E., Rashid I. and Dar G. H., Alien flora of India: taxonomic composition, invasion status and biogeographic affiliations, Biol Invass14, 99-113 (2012) @No $ @ @ Batish D. R., Kaur S., Singh H. P. and Kohli R. K., Nature of interference potential of leaf debris of Ageratum conyzoides, Plant grow Regul, 57, 137-144 (2009) doi: 10.1007/s10725-008-9329-9 @No $ @ @ Chaudhary N. and Narayan R., Exotic invasive Ageratum conyzoides L. in Indian dry tropics: A preliminary investigation of its biomass allocation pattern and plant traits, J. Plant Dev Sci, 5(3), 249-254 (2013) @No $ @ @ Meenakshisundaravalli V. and Paliwal K., Dry matter production and nitrogen dynamics in the semi-arid grazingland of Madurai, India, TropEcol38, 81-86 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sharma K. P., Chaturvedi R. K., Sharma K. and Bhardwaj S. M., Dominance and diversity of vegetation of polluted habitats around Sanganer, Jaipur, Trop Ecol42, 69-82 (2001) @No $ @ @ Foster M. A. and Stubbendieck J., Effects of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) on rangeland, J. Range Manag33, 74-78 (1980) @No $ @ @ Tilman D., Plant succession and gopher disturbance along an experimental gradient, Oecol (Berl.) 60, 285-292 (1983) @No $ @ @ McKinney M. L., Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation, Biosci52, 883-890 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Selected Ground Water Samples of Ballarpur City of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>N.C.@Das<#LINE#>96-100<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-232.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ambedkar College of Science, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>4/11/2013<#LINE#>13/11/2013<#LINE#>The ground water quality is one of the most important criterion to ascertain its suitability for human beings and  irrigation. This paper presents the ground water quality of Ballarpur city of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. The ground water samples  were collected from ten different locations and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics  such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), dissolved oxygen (DO), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), phosphate  (PO3-) and iron (Fe).The obtained results were compared with WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) limits. The results  revealed that some parameters were in high concentration and quality of the potable water has deteriorated  to a large extent at some sampling locations.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ramesh K. and Vennila S., Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of ground water quality in and around Hosur, Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India, Int. J. Res. Chem. Envion., 2(3), 113-122 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mishra A. and Bhatt V., Physico-chemical and     microbiological analysis of under ground water in  V.V. Nagar and nearby places of Anand district, Gujrat, India, E. J. Chem., 5(3), 487-492 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mahananda M. R., Mohanty B. P. and Behera N. R.,   Physico-chemical analysis of surface and ground       water of Bargarh district, Orissa, India, IJRRAS, 2(3), 284-295 (2010) @No $ @ @ Desai P. V., Water quality of Dudhsagar river at Dudhsagar (Goa), India, Poll. Res., 14(4), 377-382 (1995) @No $ @ @ APHA, American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for Estimation of  water and wastewater, AWWA, Water Pollution Control Federation, New York, 19 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mohamed Hanipha M. and Zahir Hussain A., Study of ground water quality at Dindigul town, Tamilnadu,      India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(1), 68-73  (2013) @No $ @ @ Koul Nishtha, Lokhande R. S. and Dhar J. K.,     Physico-chemical, bacteriological and pesticide     analysis of tap water in Millennium city Gurgoan,      Haryana, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pradeep J. K., Hydrology and quality of ground water Hirapur district, Sagar (M.P.), Pollution Research    17(1), 91-94 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Kumar C. P. and Sharma M. K., Ground water qualities of Ghataprabha command area Karnataka, Indian Journal Environ and Ecoplan, 7(2), 251-262 (2003) @No $ @ @ WHO, International standards for drinking water, World Health Organization, Geneva, 55-79 (2004) @No $ @ @ BIS, Indian standards specifications for drinking water, Bureau of Indian Standards, IS:10500, (1991) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha, Physico-chemical characterization of ground water of Anand district, Gujrat, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dilip B. P., Rajndra V. T. and Rewatkar S. B., Physico-chemical characterstics of ground water of Armori town of Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra, India, Poll. Res.,  20(2), 207-209 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Bhatio K. K. and Kumar S. R.,GrounWater quality in Malaprabha sub-basin Karnataka, International Journal of Environmental protection, 23(3), 321-329 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chapolikar A. D. and Ubale M. B., A correlation study on physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in Thane-Belapur industrial area, Mumbai, Current World Environment, 5(1),  67-71 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ramanaiah S.V., Venkata M. S., Rajkumar B. and Sharma P. N., Monitoring of fluoride concentration in ground water of Prakasham district in India: Correlation with physico-chemical parameters, Journal of Environ Science & Engg., 48(2), 129-134 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dinesh C., Fluoride and human health-cause for concern, Indian J. of Environ Prot., 19(2), 81-89 (1998) @No $ @ @ Murhekar G. H., Assessment of physico-chemical status of ground water samples in Akot city, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(4), 117-124 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajmohan N. and Elango L., Nutrient Chemistry of ground water in an intensively irrigated region of southern India, Environmental Geology, 47, 820-830 (2005) @No $ @ @ Singh A., Khan A. H., Zaidi J., Singh S. K. and Verma H. S., WQI status of ground water based specific physico-chemical characteristics around the Jhansi fort, Bundelkhand(India), IJAET, 4(2), 17-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ngah S.A. and Nwankwoala H. O., Iron (Fe2+)  occurance and distribution in ground water source in  different geomorphological zones of Eastern Niger Delta, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 5(2), 266-277 (2013) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Arsenic in the Environment effectuates Human Health: An Imperative Need to Focus<#LINE#>Navin@Sneha,AmarJyoti@Das,Chhaya@Verma,Manoj@Kumar,Rajesh@Kumar<#LINE#>101-105<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-197.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow-226 025, INDIA @ Dept. of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, INDIA<#LINE#>5/9/2013<#LINE#>23rd/10/2013<#LINE#>Arsenic is omnipresent in our environment and humans are always and inevitably revealed to this toxic metalloid. Smelting and mining and processes contribute to arsenic contamination because arsenic is a natural component of copper, zinc, lead, and gold ores. Arsenic Exposure is increasing in our environment day by day which directly or indirectly leads to health defects contributing highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects on human. The present review focuses on the Arsenic in environment, its health defects and prevention to control the exposure. <#LINE#> @ @ Saxena P.N., Anand S., Saxena N. and Baja P., Effect of arsenic trioxide on renal function and its nodulation by curcumanal of Environmental Biology., 30(4), 527-531 (2009) @No $ @ @ Caussy D.  and Priest  N.D., Introduction to arsenic contamination and health risk assessment with special reference to Bangladesh,  Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol.,197, 1–15 ( 2008) @No $ @ @ Smith E., Naidu R. and  Alston A.M., Arsenic in the soil environment: A Review Adv. in Agronomy,  64, 149 – 195 (1998) @No $ @ @ Abedin M.D. J., Cresser M. S., Meharg A. A., Feldmann  J. and Cotter-Howells J., 2 Arsenic accumulation and metabolism in rice, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 962-968 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nikolaidis N.P., Dobbs G.M., Chen J. and Lackovic J.A., Arsenic mobility in contaminated Lake sediments, Environ Pollute., 129(3), 479-87 (2004) @No $ @ @ Smedley P. L. and Kinniburgh D.G., A review of source,behavior and distribution of arsenic in  natural waters, Applied Geochemistry., 17(5), 517-568 (2002) @No $ @ @ Peter S.C.,  Blum J.D., Klaue B. and M. R. Karagas., Arsenic occurrence in new Hampshire drinking water, Environ Sci.Technology, 33, 1328-1333 (1999) @No $ @ @ Fazal M.A., Kawachi T. and  Ichion E., Extent and severity of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh, Water Int., 26, 370–379(2001) @No $ @ @ Visoottiviseth P. and Ahmed F., Technology for remediation and disposal of arsenic, Rev. Env.Contamin., 197, 77–128 (2008) @No $ @ @ Welch A. H. and Lico M. S., Factor controlling As and U in shallow groundwater, southern Carson desert, Nevada, Applied Geochemistry13, 521-539 (1998) @No $ @ @ Wilkie J.A. and Hering J.G., Rapid oxidation of geothermal arsenic (III) in streams of the eastern Sierra Nevada, Environ. Sci. and Technol., 32, 657-662 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mandal B.K. and Suzuki K. T.,  Arsenic round the world: a review, Talanta, 58, 201–235(2002) @No $ @ @ Hughes K.,Inorganic arsenic:evaluation of risks to health from environmental exposurein Canada, Environ. Carcino. Ecotoxicol.,12, 145–14 (1994) @No $ @ @ Buchet J. P. et al., Assessment of exposure to inorganic arsenic following    ingestion      of marine organisms by volunteers, Environmental research, 66, 44–51 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ishinishi  N. et al.,  Preliminary  experimental  study  on  carcinogenicity of  arsenic trioxide in rat lung, Environmental health perspectives, 19, 191–196  (1986) @No $ @ @ Yamauchi H. and Fowler B. A., Toxicity and metabolism of inorganic and methylated arsenicals. In: Nriagu J.O.,ed. Arsenic in the environment, Part II: Human health and ecosystem effects. New York, John Wiley & Sons., 35–53 (1994) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K. and I. Ali., Arsenic: Occurrence, toxicity and speciation technique, Water Res., 34, 4304-4312 (2000) @No $ @ @ Borak J. and Hosgood H.D., Seafood arsenic: Implications for human risk assessment. Regul. Toxicol.and Pharm.,47,(2) 204-212 (2007) @No $ @ @ Freeman G. B. et al., Bioavailability of arsenic soil impacted by smelter activities following oral administration in rabbits, Fundamental and applied toxicology, 21, 83–88 (1993) @No $ @ @ Pinto S.S. and McGill C.M.,  Arsenic  trioxide  exposure  in  industry,  Industrial medicine and surgery, 22, 281–287 (1953) @No $ @ @ Natusch D. F. S. et al., Toxic trace elements: preferential concentration in respirable        particles, Science., 183,202–204 (1974) @No $ @ @ Holland R. H. et al., A study of inhaled arsenic-74 in man, Cancer research.,19, 1154–1156 (1959) @No $ @ @ Brune D. et al., Distribution of 23 elements in the kidney, liver and lungs of workers from a smeltery and refinery in North Sweden exposed to a number of elements and of a control group, Science of the total environment, 16, 13–35 (1980) @No $ @ @ Rossman T. G.,Enhancement of UV-mutagenesis by low concentrations of arsenite in E. coli., Mut. Res., 91, 207–211 (1981) @No $ @ @ Saxena P. N,  Anand S,   Saxena N. and  Baja  P.,  Effect of arsenic trioxide on renalfunction and its modulation by Curcuma aromatic leaf extract in albino rat, J. Environ.Biol., 30(4), 527-531(2009) @No $ @ @ Kreppel H., Paepacke U., Thiermann H., Szinicz L., Reichl F.X., Singh P.K. and Jones M.M., Therapeutic  efficacy  of  new  dimercaptosuccinic  acid  (DMSA) analogues in acute arsenic trioxide poisoning in mice, Arch. Toxicol.,67, 580-585 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kreppel H., Reich F.X., Szinicz L., Fichtl B. and Forth W., Efficacy of various diethyl compounds in acute As203 poisoning in mice,  Arch. Toxicol., 64, 387-392 (1990) @No $ @ @ Hopenhayn-Rich C. et al.,Human studies do not support the methylation threshold hypothesis for the toxicity of inorganic arsenic, Environmental research., 60, 161–177 (1993) @No $ @ @ Morton W.E. and Dunnette  D.A., Health  effects  of  environmental  arsenic  in Advances in Environmental Science and Technology, (ed. J.O. Nriagu). John Wiley, New York, 27,  17-34 (1994) @No $ @ @ Narang  A. P. S, Chawls  LS. and Khurana  S. B.,  Levels of arsenic in Indian opium eaters, Drug Alcohol Depend.,  20, 149-153 (1987) @No $ @ @ Olguin A, Jauge P, Cebrian M. and Albores A.,Arsenic levels in blood, urine, hair, and nails from a chronically exposed human population, Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc.,26, 175-177 (1983) @No $ @ @ Calderon R.L. Hudgens E. Le X.C. Schreinemachers D. Thomas  D.J., Excretion of arsenic in urine as a function of exposure to arsenic in drinking water, Environ. Health Perspect, 107, 663–66 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mazumder G., Randomized placebo-controlled trial of  2,3- dimer capto succinic acid in therapy of chronic arsenic osisdueto drinking arsenic-contaminated sub soil water, Clinic.Toxicol.,36, 683–690 (1998) @No $ @ @ Das A.J., Kumar R., Athar M., Rawat D.S., Kumar M.,Khan M.A. and Prakash J., Ethno medicinal study of threatened plants of sonitpur district in Assam,North East India, Int.Res.J.Pharm.,4(1), 146-149 (2013) @No $ @ @ Das A. J. Athar M. Kumar M. and Kumar R., FTIR analysis for screening variation in antimicrobial activity of fresh and dried leaf extract of Rhynchostylis retusa.;A threatened orchid species of Assam , North East India, Int.Res.J.Pharm., (7) 187-189 (2013) @No $ @ @ Das A.J., Kumar M. and Kumar R., Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): An Alternative of Chemical Fertilizer for Sustainable, Environment Friendly Agriculture, Res J  Agri  Fores Sci., 1(4), 21-23 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma D., Chauhan S., Kumar G., Singh K.P. and Kumar R., Cadmium stabilization by plant growth promotory fluorescent pseudomonas in combination with Indian mustard var. Kranti, South Asean J Exptl. Biol., 3(2), 128-135 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gusain P., Kumar R. and Singh V., Pseudomonas aeruginosa: of course I am arsenic eater, Trends in Biosc.,5(3), 86 (2012) @No 
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Man-Elephant Conflict: Case Study from Angul Forest Division, Odisha, India<#LINE#>Rudra Narayan@Pradhan ,Panab@Behera, Sandeep Mishra@Ranjan <#LINE#>106-110<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-190.pdf<#LINE#> Odisha Forest Department (Wildlife), The Regional Chief Conservator of Forests Angul, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>26/8/2013<#LINE#>3rd/9/2013<#LINE#>We investigated the human-elephant conflict in 6 different ranges in Angul forest division Odisha, India. During 2001-02 to 2012-13, a total 36 human killing and 87 human injury cases caused by elephants are record and 37 elephants had died. Damage to agricultural crops by elephant was of varying extents. As a result people have developed antagonistic attitude towards the elephant which adversely affect conservation efforts. <#LINE#> @ @ Choudhury A.U., Status and Conservation of the Asian elephants Elephas Maximus in North-eastern       india, Mammal Review, 29(3), 141-175 (1999) @No $ @ @ Menon, A field Guide to Indian Mammal. Dorling Kindersley (India) PVT limited 201PP (2003) @No $ @ @ Sukumar, The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2003) @No $ @ @ Sukumar R., Ecology of the Asian elephant in southern India. II. Feeding habits and crop raiding patterns, Trop. Ecol., 6, 33-53 (1990) @No $ @ @ Dey S.C., Depredation by wildlife in the fringe areas of North Bengal forests with special reference to elephant damage, Indian Forester,117(10), 901-907 (1991) @No $ @ @ Johnsingh and Panwar, Elephant Conservation in India-Problems and Prospects. Mammals Conservation in Developing Countries New Approach (p.Wegge.ed) Agriculture University of Norway, Ads, Norway, 35-56 (1992) @No $ @ @ Daniel et al, Ecology of the Asian elephant Final Report, J.BNHS,92, 1-10 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nath and Sukumar, Elephant-Human Conflict in Kodagu, Southern India distribution pattern, People’s   perception and mitigation methods Asian Elephant Conservation center. Center for ecological science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (1998) @No $ @ @ Swain and patnaik, Elephants of Orissa, Conservation Issues and Management Options, Indian Foresters 128(2), 145-154 (2000) @No $ @ @ Singh A.R. and Chalisgaonkar R., Restoration of Corridors to Facilitate the movement of wild Asian Elephants in Rajaji-Corbett Elephant Range, India, Project Elephant India (2006) @No $ @ @ Sahu H.K. and S.K. Das, Human-elephant conflict in Mayurbhanj elephant reserve Orissa, India, Gajah, 36, 17-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Swain D., Man and Wild Elephant Conflict in Orissa, 127(10), 1134-1142 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sar C.K. and D.K. Lahiri-Choudhury, Man elephant conflict : The Keonjhar (Orissa) experience, Journal ofBombay Natural History Society, 103, 286-293 (2006) @No