@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Impact of Certain Pollution Sources on Microbiology and Physicochemical Properties of Borewell water in the Northern Part of Ernakulam District in Kerala, India<#LINE#>M.P.@Subin,P.M.@Miji<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-087.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur-680 566, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>19/11/2012<#LINE#>30/11/2012<#LINE#>  The physicochemical and bacteriological properties of borewell water in certain selected areas of Ernakulam District have been studied. Seven different sites were selected for the study and the criteria considered for the selection includes industrial area (BW1), solid waste dumping (BW2), play ground (BW3) oil refineries (BW4), agricultural area (BW5), colony area with poor sanitization facilities (BW6) and sewage discharge (BW7). Various parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total alkalinity, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, fluorides, total dissolved solids, iron, zinc, total coliforms, fecal coliforms etc. have been determined and have been compared with standard guideline values recommended by BIS and WHO to see the quality and suitability of borewell water. The study reveals the unfavorable influence of various anthropogenic activities and other factors on the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of borewell water. The present investigation indicates the bore well water sample BW3 is safe and fit for human consumption. The water samples BW1, BW2, BW4, BW6 and BW7 are not fit for human consumption but permissible for irrigation purposes. The water sample BW5 is found unsuitable for human consumption and also not safe for irrigation purposes.<#LINE#> @ @ Raymond F., Le Problame dis ean dans le monde (problems of water), EB and Sons Ltd., UK, 5-103 (1992) @No $ @ @ Zoeteman B.C.G., Sensory assessment of water quality, Oxford Pergaman press. U.K., 108 (1980) @No $ @ @ Kegley S.E. and Andrews J., Chemistry of Water. University Science Books, California (1997) @No $ @ @ Moharir A., Ramteke D.S., Moghe C. A., Wate S.R. and Sarin R., Surface and ground water quality assessment in Bina region, Ind. J. Environ. Protec., 22(9), 961-969 (2002) @No $ @ @ APHA., Standard Methods for Examine nation of Water and Waste Water,14th Edn., American Public Health Association, Washington DC. (1975) @No $ @ @ Hynes H.B.N., The biology of polluted waters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 202 (1960) @No $ @ @ Hamilton P. and Helsel D.R. 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Indian Council of Medical Research (1975) @No $ @ @ Aydin A., The Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Ground water in West in West Threce, Turkey, Polish J Environ. Stud., 16(3), 377- 383 (2007) @No $ @ @ Regumathan P., Beauman W.H. and Kreusch E.G., Efficiency of point of use treatment devices, J. Am. Water Works Assoc.,75(1), 42 (1983) @No $ @ @ Mahajan S.V., Savita Khare., Shrivastava V.S., A correlation and regression study, Indian J. Environ Protec., 25(3), 254-259 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kelly W.P., Alkali Soils – Their formations, Properties and Reclamation. Reinhold Publ., New York (1951) @No $ @ @ Todd D.K., Ground water Hydrology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and sons, New York (1980) @No $ @ @ Domenico P.A. and Schwartz F.W., Physical and Chemical Hydrology, John Wiley and sons, New York, 168 (1990) @No $ @ @ Mahananda M.R., Mohanty B.P. and Behera N.R., Physico-chemical analysis of surface and ground water of Bargarh district, Orissa, India, IJRRAS, 2(3), 284 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cohen J.M., Lamphake L.J., Harris E.K. and Woodward R.L., Taste threshold concentrations of metals in drinking water, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 52,  660 (1960) @No $ @ @ Dillman E., Gale C., Green W.E., Johnson D.G., Mackler B. and Finch C., Hypothermia in iron deficiency due to altered trycodo-thyronine metabolism, Am. 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<#LINE#>Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters, Satak Reservoir in Khargone District, Madhya Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Janeshwar@Yadav,R.K.@Pathak,Eliyas@Khan<#LINE#>9-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-089.pdf<#LINE#>Jawaharlal institute of Technology, Borawan, Khargone, M.P., INDIA@Govt. New GDC College Indore, M.P., INDIA <#LINE#>27/11/2012<#LINE#>8/1/2013<#LINE#>Satak reservoir, a small inland reservoir located in Village Bamandi, Teh Kasrawad District Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India is constructed over Satak river, in the basin of Narmada River. The physico-chemical characteristics, pollution studies of Satak reservoir have been studied from February 2012 to March 2012. The nutrients including are in sufficient quantities for the growth of aquatic animals in the reservoir. The above study indicated that the satak reservoir is under the category of mesotrophic water body slightly inclined towards eutrophication. Therefore, the conservation and management of this water body is very much required. Here we are study about chloride, total hardness Mg hardness, Ca hardness, alkalinity, temperature, Ph parameter.<#LINE#> @ @ Hujare M.S., Seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters in the perennial tank of Talsande, Maharashtra, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit.18(3), 233- 242(2008) @No $ @ @ Kadam M.S. Pampatwar D.V. and Mali R.P., Seasonal variations in different physico-chemical characteristics in Masoli reservoir of Parbhani district, Maharashtra, J. Aqua. Biol 22(1), 110 112 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kamble S.M., Kamble A.H. and Narke S.Y., Study of physico-chemical parameters of Ruti dam, Tq. Ashti, dist. Beed, Maharashtra, J. Aqua. Biol., 24(2), 86-89 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar M. S., Methodology for water analysis, physico-chemical, Biological and Microbiological Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists Hyderbad; Pub., 2, 50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Khan M.A.G and Choudhary S.H., Physical and chemical limnology of lake Kaptai, Bangladesh, Trop. Eco.35(1),35-51 (1994) @No $ @ @ Masood Ahmed and Krishnamurthy R., Hydrobiological studies of Wohar reservoir Aurangabad (Maharashtra state), India, J. Environ. Biol.,11(3), 335-343.(1990) @No $ @ @ Pandey A.K., Siddiqi S.Z. and Rama Rao, Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Husain sagar, an industrially polluted lake, Hyderabad. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol. 2(2), 161-167 (1993) @No $ @ @ Salve V.B. and Hiware C.J. Study on water quality of Wanparakalpa reservoir Nagpur, Near Parli Vaijnath, District Beed. Marathwada region, J. Aqua. Biol.,21(2),113-117 (2008) @No $ @ @ Swaranlatha S. and A. Narsingrao. Ecological studies of Banjara Lake with reference to water pollution. J. Envi. Biol., 19(2), 179-186 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jayabhaye U.M., Pentewar M.S. and Hiware C.J., A Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters of a Minor Reservoir, Sawana, Hingoli District, Maharashtra (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Incidences of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Urban Farming of Mumbai and Suburbs, India<#LINE#>TusharS.@Kelkar,Satish A.@Bhalerao<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-090.pdf<#LINE#> Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Wilson College, Mumbai, INDIA <#LINE#>27/11/2012<#LINE#>25/12/2012<#LINE#>  Mumbai, economical capital of India is its true sense is Mayanagari, where the major problem is of space for accommodation and so as land under cultivation is rare in occurrence. The Local train is a life-line of Mumbai. It passes from the major part of Mumbai city and its suburbs. Near the tracks some area of land might be available for urban agriculture.  To support day today needs of fresh vegetables, majority of the time such land near railway tracks are utilized. It is the waste land near tracks utilized for cultivation of leafy vegetables like fenugreek (Trigonella longiceps), chavali (Vigna unguiculata), fruit vegetables like bhindi (Abulmoschus esculantus), and some Chenopodiaceae members. Such soils are often of very poor quality for cultivation practices. Irrigation is often done from gutters and waste water from washing and garage water. In such disturbed habitats incidences of mycorrhizal fungi are more in terms of percent colonization.  In present investigation, roots of such commonly cultivated crops like bhindi, chavali, and fenugreek were collected from different locations from Central Railway side tracks and screened for % colonization by mycorrhiza fungi. Similarly, rhizospheric soil samples were also collected and detail investigations were carried out like physical parameters such as soil pH, soil moisture, and organic matter. Samples were screened for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spores also and spore density was calculated for each sample. Lastly, all such parameters were analyzed for any correlation present amongst them. <#LINE#> @ @ Brundrett M.C. Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations Biological Review 79, 473–496 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sylvia D.M. and S.E. Williams. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and environmental stress, In Linderman, R.G., and G.J. Bethlenfalvay (Eds.). Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture. Special publication No. 54, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. 101–124(1992) @No $ @ @ Smith F.A. and S.E. Smith Structural diversity in (vesicular)—arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses New Phtol137, 373 – 388 (1996) @No $ @ @ Dalal S. and Hippalgaonkar K.V. The occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in aerable soil of Kokan and Solapur Mycorrhizae: Biofertilizers for the Future (eds.) Adholeya A. Singh S. Tata Energy Reseach Institute, New Delhi, India, 3-7 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hepper C.M., Warner NA Organic matter in the growth of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, Trans Br Mycol Soc,81, 155–156 (1983) @No $ @ @ Sylvia D.M., and L.H. Neal Nitrogen affect the Phosphorus response of VA mycorrhiza, New Phytologist,  115(2), 303–310 (1990) @No $ @ @ Koske R.E. A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VAM fungi, Mycol. Res, 92(4), 486-48l (1989) @No $ @ @ Carol Grace and D.P. Stribley A safer procedure for routine staining of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Mycol. Research, 95(10), 1160-1162 (1991) @No $ @ @ Nicolson  Nicolson’s formula Mycorrhiza News12(2)(1955) @No $ @ @ Gerdeman J.W. and T.H. Nicolson Spores of mycorrhizal Endogene sp. extracted from soil by Wet-sieving and decanting,  Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.,46(2), 235-244 (1963) @No $ @ @ Schenk, N.C. and V. Perez Manual for the identification of VA-Mycorrhizal fungi, 3rd Edition (1989) @No $ @ @ Blackman and Walky An examination of degjjareft methods for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci., 37, 29–38 (1935) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Ground Water in Granite Mining Areas in Goramachia, Jhansi, UP, India<#LINE#>Manjesh@Kumar,Ramesh@Kumar<#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-091.pdf<#LINE#>Ph.D Scholar, B.R.A.B.U, Muzaffarpur, Bihar INDIA@Principal, L.N. College Bhagwanpur,Vaishali, Bihar, INDIA<#LINE#>27/11/2012<#LINE#>24/12/2012<#LINE#>A study was carried out in granite mining area in Jhansi (Goramachia) to evaluate the current status of physicochemical contaminants and their sources in groundwater. Groundwater samples collected from mining and residential area in 6 different locations were analyzed. There are almost 30 crushers running in the study area. The location (Goramachia) is situated at 10 km north-east of Jhansi city. In each location of mining and residential areas, three samples were collected at various distances. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, DO, EC TDS, alkalanity, turbidity, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total hardness, nitrate, fluoride, iron and chloride have been analyzed. The results showed that among the mining and the residential locations, many of the estimated physico-chemical parameters of mining and residential areas are more or less with the permissible limits of WHO. <#LINE#> @ @ Goel P.K., Water Pollution – Causes, Effects and Control, New age Int. (P) Ltd., New Delhi (2000) @No $ @ @ Brown E., Skougstad M.W. and Fishman M.J., Method for Collection and Analysis of Water Sample for Dissolved Minerals and Gases, US Department of Interior, Book No., 5 (1974) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water,19th edn., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C (1995) @No $ @ @ Weber, W. J. Jr. and Stun, W., Mechanism of hydrogen ion buffering in natural waters, J. American Water Works Association, 55, 1553–1555 (1963) @No $ @ @ Saha T.K. and Bose S.K., Observations on diurnal variations in Hydrobiological factors at Hazharibagh lake, Bihar, in: Proceedings of 74th Indian Science Congress, Part – III, Abstract, paper39 (1987) @No $ @ @ Abdul Jameel A., Evaluation of drinking water quality in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Indian J. Env. Hlth., 44(2),108–112 (2002) @No $ @ @ Azeez P.A., Nadarajan N.R. and Mittal D.D., The impact of monsoonal wetland on ground water chemistry, Poll. Res., 19(2), 249–255 (2000) @No $ @ @ Shyamala R., Shanthi M. and Lalitha P., Physicochemical analysis of borewell water samples of Telungupalayam area in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, E-Journal of chemistry, 5(4), 924-929 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tiwari D.R., Physico-chemical studies of the Upper lake water, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Poll. Res., 18(3), 323–326 (1999) @No $ @ @ Pradeep Jain K., Hydrogeology and quality of ground water around Hirapur, District Sagar (M.P.), Poll. Res., 17(1), 91–94 (1998) @No $ @ @ Srinivas C.H., Ravi Shankar Piska, Venkatesan C., Sathya Narayan Rao M.S. and Ravinder Reddy R., ‘Studies on ground water quality of Hyderabad, Poll. Res., 19(2), 285–289 (2000) @No $ @ @ Harilal C.C., Hashim A., Arun P.R. and Baji S., J Ecology Environ Conservation, 10(2), 187-192 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhanja K. Mohanta and Ajoy K.U. Patra, Studies on the water quality index of river Sanamachhakandana at Keonjhar Garh, Orissa, India, Poll. Res., 19(3), 377–385 (2000) @No $ @ @ Thomson Jacob C., Azariah J. and Viji Roy A.G., ‘Impact of textile industries on river Noyyal and riverine ground water quality of Tirupur, India’, Poll. Res. 18(4), 359–368 (1999) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel P.K, Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publication, karad (1986) @No $ @ @ Rahman, Groundwater quality of Oman, Groundwater Quality, Chapman and Hall, London, 122–128 (2002) @No $ @ @ Narain S. and Rajeev Chauhan, Water quality status of river complex Yamuna at Panchnada dist. Etawah, U.P. (India) I, An Integrated management approach, Poll. Res.,19(3), 351–364 (2000) @No $ @ @ Handa B.K., Geochemistry and genesis of fluoride containing ground water in India, Ground Water13(3),275–281 (1975) @No $ @ @ Oelschlager W., Fluoride uptake in soil and its depletion, Fluoride, 80–84 (1971) @No $ @ @ Bhosle A.B., Narkhede R.K., Balaji Rao and Patil P.M., Studies on the fluoride content of Godavari river water at Nanded, Eco. Env. and Conserv. 7(3), 341–344 (2001) @No $ @ @ Waller Roger M.,’ Ground Water and the Rural Homeowner’, Pamphlet, U.S. Geological Survey (1982) @No $ @ @ Jha A.N. and Verma P.K., Physico-chemical properties of drinking water in town area of Godda district under Santal Pargana (Bihar), India, Poll. Res., 19(2), 75–85 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Microbial Diversity in the Surface Sediments and its Interaction with Nutrients of Mangroves of Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Goutam@Kumar,Al@Ramanathan<#LINE#>25-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-093.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>01/12/2012<#LINE#>31/12/2012<#LINE#>  The microbial population and nutrients status of the surface water indicates the nutrient dynamics in the study area. Nutrients in surface water directly provide the available source of nutrients to the microbes. Nutrients in the water such as NO (2.77-46.08mg/L), PO4 3-(0.32-2.81 mg/L), SO2-(1892-3839.98 mg/L) and dissolved silica (SiO) (3.32-16.98 mg/L) has been reported. Population of nitrate forming bacteria with higher population count at Old Bedi Port (M2), Narara (M5) and Mundra (M8) was reported while  Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with higher count at Mundra (M8) and Jodiya (M10). The cellulose degrading bacteria was reported exceptionally high at Mundra, Narara and Old Bedi Port. The higher population count in the microbes synchronized with the nutrients availability in the surface water. Lack of significant correlations among the nutrients indicate the influx of anthropogenic inputs and waste discharges containing nutrients from river runoff into these environments. <#LINE#> @ @ Alongi D.M., Christoffersen P., Tirendi F., The influence of forest type on microbial-nutrient relationships in tropical mangrove sediments, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,171, 201-223(1993) @No $ @ @ Holguin G., Bashan Y., Mendoza-Salgado R.A., Amador E., Toledo G., Vazquez P., Amador A., La Microbiologia de los manglares. Bosques en la frontera entre el mar y la tierrra, Ciencia Desarrollo, 144, 26-35(1999) @No $ @ @ Holguin G., Vazquez P. and Bashan Y., The role of sediment microorganisms in the productivity, conservation and rehabitation mangrove ecosystems: an over view, Biol. Fertil. 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Geol.26 1668–1684(2006) @No $ @ @ APHA, AWWA and WEF, Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C (2005) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition,  American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C (1998) @No $ @ @ Alongi D.M., Boto K.G. and Robertson A.I., Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. In:Tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 251-292 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ramanathan A.L., Singh G., Majumdar J., Samal A.C., Chauhan R., Ranjan R.K., A study of microbial diversity and its interaction with nutrients in the sediments of Sundarban mangroves, Ind. J. Mar. Sci.37, 159-165 (2008) @No $ @ @ Govindasamy C., Kannan L. and Azaiah J., Seasonal variation in physic-chemical properties and primary production in the coastal water biotopes of Coromandel Coast, India, J. Environ. Biol., 21, 1-7 (2000) @No $ @ @ Arthur R., Coral bleaching and mortality in three Indian reef regions during an El Nino southern oscillation event, Curr. Sci., 79, 12 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chauhan R. and Ramanathan A.L., Evaluation of water quality of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, Orissa, east coast of India, Ind.  J.  Mar.  Sci, 37 (2), 153-158 (2008) @No $ @ @ Robert C. R. and Virginia B. S., Evaluation of nutrient agar bile salts medium to selectively culture Vibrio cholera, Phil J Microbiol Infect Dis, 10(1), 18-20 (1981) @No $ @ @ Furumai H., Kondo T. and Ohgaki S., Phosphorus exchange kinetics and exchangeable phosphorus forms in sediments. Water Res., 21, 685-691(1989) @No $ @ @ Singh V.B., Ramanathan  A.L., Jose P.G., Sharma P., Linda A., Azam M.F. and Chatterjee C., Chemical characterisation of meltwater draining from Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 121(3), 625–636(2012) @No
<#LINE#>Role of Ponceau-S-KI System for Generation of Electrical Energy in Photo galvanic Cell<#LINE#>Mahesh@Chandra<#LINE#>31-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-095.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, New Dehli, INDIA<#LINE#>09/12/2012<#LINE#>25/12/2012<#LINE#>Photo galvanic effect was studied in photo galvanic cells containing Ponceau-S as dyes and KI as reductants. The photo galvanic cells were determined the photo potential, photocurrent, conversion efficiency, power of cell and performance of cell .The effects of various parameters like pH, light intensity, diffusion length, reductant concentration and dye concentration on the electrical output of the cell is studied. The current voltage (i–V) characteristic of the cell is also studied and a mechanism for the generation of photocurrent is proposed. <#LINE#> @ @ Becquerel E., Studies of the effect of actinic radiation of sunlight by means of electrical currents, C.R. Acad.Sci.Paris. 9, 145–159 (1839 a) @No $ @ @ Becquerel E., on electric effects under the influence of solar radiation, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris., 9, 561 (1839 b) @No $ @ @  Alanso V.N., Belay M., Chartier P. and Ern V., Rev. Phys. Appl., 16, 5 (1981) @No $ @ @ Jan a A.K., Bhowmik B.B., Enhancement in power output of solar cells consisting of mixed dyes, J. Photochem, Photobiol,122A, 53 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hara K., Kurashige M., Dan-oh Y., Kasada C., Shinpo A., Suga S., Sayama K., Arakawa H., Design of new coumarin dyes having thiophene moieties for highly efficient organic dye- sensitized solar cells, New J. Chem.,27, 783–785 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ameta S.C., Ameta R., Seth S, Dubey T. D., Studies in the use of toluidine bluenitrilotriacetic acid (TB-NTA) system in photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion, Afinidad., , XLV, 264–266 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ameta S.C., Khamesare S, Ameta R,Bala M, Use of micelles in photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage: AzurA-KI system, Int.J. Energy Res,14,163–167 (1990) @No $ @ @ Ameta S.C., Punjabi P.B., Vardia J, Madhwani S,  Chaudhary S, Use of Bromophenol Red–EDTA system for generation of electricity in a photogalvanic cell, J. Power Sources, 159,747–751 (2006) @No $ @ @ Madhwani S., Ameta R., Vardia J., Punjabi P.B., Sharma V.K., Use of Fluoroscein-EDTA System in Photogalvanic Cell for Solar Energy Conversion, Energy sources., 29,721-729 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bohrmann-Linde C., Tausch M. W., Photogalvanic cells for classroom investigations- A contribution for the ongoing curriculum modernization, J. Chem. Educ.,80,1471–1473 (2003) @No $ @ @ Monat J.E. and Mc Cusker J.K., Femtosecond excited-state dynamics of an Iron (II) polypyridyl solar cell sensitizer model, J. Amer, Chem. Soc.,122, 4092–4097 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schwarzburg K., Willig F., Origin of Photovoltage and Photocurrent in the Nanoporous Dye- Sensitized Electrochemical Solar Cell, J. Phys. Chem., 103B, 5743 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tennakone K., Kumara G.R. R A, Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical and solid-state solar cells: Charge separation, transport and recombination mechanisms, J. Photochem.Photobiol,117A, 137 (1998) @No $ @ @ Yadav Sushil, Yadav R.D., Singh Gautam, Use of Dyes in Photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage: Bismarck Brown and Ascorbic Acid System, Int. J. Chem. Sci.,6(4), 1960-1966 (2008) @No $ @ @ Meena R.C., Gautam Singh, Gangotri K M, Role of reductants and photosensitizer in Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photogalvanic cells a newer approach, Afinidad,59(501), 253-256 (2003) @No $ @ @ Meena R.C., Sindal R.S., Use of surfactants in photogalvanic cell for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Tween-80-Oxalic Acid – Totudine blue system, Int. J. Chem. Sci.,2(3), 321-330 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ameta Suresh C, Sadhana Khamesra, Chittoro Anil K, Gangotri K M, Use of sodium lauryl sulphate in a photogalvanic cell for solar Energy Conversion and Storage: - Methylene blue – EDTA System, Int. J. Energy Res., 13, 643-647 (1989) @No $ @ @ Gongotri K.M., Meena R.C., Meena Rajni, Use of micelles in photogalvanic cells for solar energy conversion and storage: Cetyetrimethyl ammonium bromide – KI – toluidine blue system, J. Photochem and photobiol. A: Chem.,123, 93-97 (1999) @No $ @ @ Meena R.C., Studies of solar effect of Safranine, Methylene blue and Azur-B with reductants and their photo galvanic effect, J.Indian Chem. Soc., 85, 280-285 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Analysis of Exhaust Emissions from Gasoline Powered Vehicles in a Sub-urban Indian Town<#LINE#>B.@Saini,R.@Verma,Himanshu@S.K.,S.@Gupta<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-099.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA@Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited, Kalol, Gujrat, INDIA<#LINE#>19/12/2012<#LINE#>25/12/2012<#LINE#>Production of 2-wheelers and 3-wheelers vehicle has been expanding rapidly over the past several years, especially in the urbanized areas of Asia. These vehicles emit substantial quantities of pollutants such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO) and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants have significant adverse health effects and deteriorate environmental quality. Presented in this paper are results of experimental study carried out to investigate the 2-wheeler emissions (CO, CO, NO, and HC) by onboard measurement method at cold start conditions, in a sub-urban area- Roorkee. Total number of hundred 2-wheelers vehicles randomly selected relatively between the 1990-2010 model years at various places. According to survey, average mileage of vehicle at the instrumentation time is 45,968 km with a maximum of 158995 km and minimum of 10,389 km. Due to the very large emissions on CO2 compare to other gases, COemissions are projected from 2000-01 to 2030-31. In projection two scenarios were discussed here first is business as usual scenario in which 2010-11, 2020-21 and 2030-31, CO intensities of all 2-wheelers modes were assumed to remain at 2000-01 levels. Second scenario was efficiency gain, where CO intensities of modal were assumed to decreases at the rate of 1% and 3% per year up to the year 2030-31. <#LINE#> @ @ Pandey S., Singhal S., Jaswal P. and Guliani M., Urban Environment. Edited by Rastogi A., India Infrastructure Report, Urban Infrastructure, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 208-231 (2006) @No $ @ @ Onursal B. and Gautam S.P., Vehicular Air Pollution: Experiences from Seven Latin American Urban Centers, World Bank, Washington, DC, World Bank Technical, 373 (1997) @No $ @ @ Czerwinski J., Comte P. and Wili P., Summer Cold Start and emissions of different 2-wheelers. BUWAL, Ph. d. Thesis(2002) @No $ @ @ CPCB, Annual report, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, 163 (1999b) @No $ @ @ Keoleian G., Kar K., Manion M. and Bulkley J., Industrial Ecology of the Automobile, A Life Cycle Perspective, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Warrendale, PA. ISBN 1-56091-985-X (1997) @No $ @ @ Chapman L., Transport and Climate Change: A review, Journal of Transport Geography, , 354- 367 (2007) @No $ @ @ CRRI, Evaluation of Emission Characteristics and Compliance of Emission Standards for in-use Petrol Driven Vehicles and Critical Appraisal of the Efficacy of Existing Pollution Checking System in Delhi, Central Road Research Institute, Environment and Road Traffic Safety Division, New Delhi (1998) @No $ @ @ Nagendra M.S., Khare M., Principal Component Analysis of Urban Traffic Characteristic and Meteorological Data, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 6(4), 285-297 (2003) @No $ @ @ Holmen B.A. and Niemeier D.A., Characterizing the effects of driver variability on real world vehicle emissions, Transportation Research, 2), 117-128 (1998) @No $ @ @ Frey H.C., Rouphail N.M., Unal, A. And Colyar, J.D., Measurement of on-road tailpipe CO, NO and hydrocarbon emissions using a portable instrument, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, 24–28,  (2001) @No $ @ @ Tong, H.Y., Hung, W.T. and Cheung C.S., On-road motor vehicle emissions and fuel consumption in urban driving conditions, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 6(50), 543–554, (2000) @No $ @ @ Rouphail N.M., Frey C.H., Colyar J.D. And Unal A., Vehicle emissions and traffic measures: explanatory analysis of field observations at signalised arterials, 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, 7–11 January, Washington, DC (2001) @No $ @ @ Unal A., Frey H.C., Rouphail N.M., Effect of arterial signalization and level of service on measured vehicle emissions, Transportation Research Record,1842, 47–56, (2003) @No $ @ @ Singh S.K., The demand for road-based passenger mobility in India: 1950-2030 and relevance for developing and developed countries, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research6(3), 247-274, (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Hydrological status of Danteshwar pond, Vadodara, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Neelam B.@Pathak,P.C.@Mankodi<#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-100.pdf<#LINE#> Division of fishery and Aquatic biology, Dept of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, INDIA<#LINE#>21/12/2012<#LINE#>8/1/2013<#LINE#>The present investigation deals with the study of physico-chemical status of Danteshwar pond. For such assessment the water quality for parameters like  water temperature, pH, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chloride and calcium, magnesium and total  hardness, phosphate, nitrate, total solids were analyzed monthly during October 2009 to September 2010. Samples were collected from selected site of the pond. The analysis was done based on the standard methods. The results indicate that most of all the parameters were within permissible limits for potable water standards of WHO except water temperature, pH. Throughout the study period water was alkaline in nature. Chloride showed positive relation with water temperature. Water temperature showed high significant negative correlation with dissolved oxygen. Phosphate showed negative correlation with most of all parameters except acidity and dissolve oxygen. Nitrate showed negative correlation with most of all parameters except water temperature and phosphate. It also showed significant negative correlation with total hardness. Only total hardness showed significant monthly variation.   <#LINE#> @ @ Gautam A., Ecology and pollution of mountain water: A case study of Bhagirathi River, Ashish Publishing House. New Delhi, 209 (1990) @No $ @ @ Yeole S.M. and Patil G.P., Physico-chemical status of Yedshi Lake in relation to water pollution, J. Aqua.   Biol.,20(1), 41-44 (2005) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D.,Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India.  Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Naga P. and Shashikant K., Pollution level in Hussain Sagar Lake of Hyderabad- A case study, Poll. Res., khvg, 21(2), 187-190 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shide S.E., Pathan T.S., Raut  K.S., More P.R. and Sonawane D.L., Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of Harsool-Savangi Dam, district Aurangabad, India,  The Ecoscan, 4(1), 37-44 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mushini V.S.R., Vaddi D.R. and Bethapudi S.A.A., Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standards methods for the Examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (2004) @No $ @ @ Trivedy  R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publications, Karad, India,12 (1984) @No $ @ @ Jawale A.K. and Patil S.A., Physico-chemical characteristics and Phytoplanktons abundance of Mangrul dam, Dist-Jalgaon, Maharashtra, J. Aqua. Biol.,24(1), 7-12 (2009) @No $ @ @ Narayana J., Puttaiah E.T. and Basavaraja D., Water quality characteristics of anjanapura reservoir near Shikaripur, District Shimoga, Karnataka, J. Aqua. Biol.,23(1), 59-63 (2008) @No $ @ @ Anita G., Chandrasekar S.V.A. and Kodarkarm M.S., Limnological studies on Mir Alam Lake, Hyderabad. Poll. Res.,(3), 681-687 (2005) @No $ @ @ Swaranlatha, N. and Rao, A.N., Ecological studies of Banjara Lake with reference to water pollution, J. Environ. Biol.,19, 179-186 (1998) @No $ @ @ WHO. Guidelines for drinking water quality. 2nd ED. World Health Organization (2004) @No $ @ @ Parikh A.N. and Mankodi P.C.,Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat. Res.J. Recent Sci.,1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gupta R.K., Gorai A.C. and Pandey P.N., Impact of coal mine effluents on the physico- chemical characteristics of Raja Tank, Jharia, Dhanbad, J. FreshWater Bio., 8, 63-73 (1996) @No $ @ @ Harshey D.K., Patil S.G. and Singh D.F. Limnological studies on a tropical fresh water fish tank of Jabalpur, India. Geobios New Reports, 1(2), 98-102 (1982) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia M. and Pandey G.C., Study of Physico-chemical characteristics of some water ponds of Ayodhya.-Faizabad, IJEP27 (11), 1019-102 (2007) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Studies on microbiology of Sagar Lake, Ph.D. Thesis, Sagar University, Sagar, India (1975) @No $ @ @ Kannan K., Fundamentals of Environmental pollution, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Prasannakumari A.A. Arthy M.S. and Gangadevi T., Bio-Geo-Chemical studies of a temple pond with special reference to Macroflora, J. Poll. Res, 19(4), 621-623 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rajashekhar A.V., Lingaiah A., Rao Satyanarayana and Piska Ravi Shankar, The studies on water quality parameters of a minor reservoir, Nadergul, Rangareddy district Andhra Pradesh, J. Aqua. Biol., 22(1), 118-122, (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Risks of Drinking Water Contamination by Chemical and Organic Substances in the Lakeside City of So-Ava in Benin Republic<#LINE#>G.@KinsiclounonEustache,A.@EdorhPatrick,Patient@Guedenon,Yvette@Deguenon,Bernard@Sossou,T.@DougnonVictorien,Frederick@Loko,Michel@Boko<#LINE#>49-57<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-03.pdf<#LINE#>Health and Medical Research Institute, Cotonou, BENIN REPUBLIC@Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN REPUBLIC@Interfaculty Centre of Training and Research in Environment for Sustainable Development (CIFRED), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC),03 BP 1463, Jéricho, Cotonou, BENIN REPUBLIC@Laboratory of Applied Research in Biology (LARBA), Genie Environment Department of Polytechnic College, (EPAC), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) 01BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN REPUBLIC<#LINE#>28/12/2012<#LINE#>3/1/2012<#LINE#>Water is the source of life. It is also the cause of death when it is contaminated by chemical and organic substances. It is in this perspective that the present study was realized in the lakeside municipality of Sô-Ava in order to comprehend the impact anthropogenic behaviour on the physico-chemical quality of drinking water. Thirty (30) samples of water were collected and subjected to various laboratory analyses. The results showed that all the analyzed samples of water contain total Iron, nitrites, nitrates and ammonium  which  widely  exceed the standards fixed by WHO which are respectively 0.3 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 0.2 mg / L and 0.5 mg / L. Therefore, there is contamination of the water of the study areas with organic and chemical matters. Considering the alarming values of recorded in the present study, it is important that new policies for drinking water supply and purification start being implemented by the authorities at various levels with the cooperation of the population.  <#LINE#> @ @ Edorh P., Gnandi K., Elégbédé B., Enonhédo F. et Boko M., Qualité de l’eau des nappes et son impact sur la santé des populations à Kerou. Revue scientifique semestriel, LECREDE, Cotonou, 12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vermeylen A., Cours de microbiologie, Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix de Namur, Belgique, 220 (2006) @No $ @ @ Akodogbo H.H., Contribution a l’amélioration de la qualité de l’eau à usage domestique dans le 5ème Arrondissement de la commune de Porto-Novo, Mémoire de Maîtrise professionnelle en Environnement et sante, FLASH/UAC, 80 (2004) @No $ @ @ DGH, Stratégie nationale de l’approvisionnement en eau potable en milieu rural du Bénin 2005- 2015, Document de travail, MMEH, 20 (2005) @No $ @ @ WHO, Impact de la décennie Internationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement sur les maladies diarrhéiques, Genève, 17 (1990) @No $ @ @ MEHU/GTZ, Les maladies causées par la pollution de l’environnement. Cotonou, 50 (1997) @No $ @ @ N’Fally K., Déterminant de l’utilisation de l’eau de forage par la population de la Sous-préfecture de Sô-Ava, Mémoire de maitrise en sante publique, IRSP, 40 (1997) @No $ @ @ Akiyo O.L.R.,  Environnement lacustre et santé des populations: cas de l’arrondissement de Sô-Ava dans le Département de l’Atlantique, Mémoire de DEA en Gestion de l’environnement, FLASH/UAC, 87 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dovonou F, Pollution des plans d’eau au Bénin, mémoire de DEA en Environnement, Santé et Développement, 58 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kaki  C., Guedenon P., Kelome N., Edorh P.A. and Adechina  R., Evaluation of heavy metals pollution of Nokoue Lake, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Echnol, 255-261, (2007) @No $ @ @ Elégbédé B., Contrainte agricoles et impacts sanitaires liés à la pollution de l’eau par les bactéries, les métaux toxiques et les pesticides dans le bassin du Niger: cas de la zone cotonnière de Kérou (Bénin), thèse de Doctorat unique, UAC, 249 (2011) @No $ @ @ Degbey C.C., La qualité de l’eau de puits dans la commune d’Abomey-Calavi et les facteurs exogènes de sa pollution. Mémoire de DEA en Environnement et Santé publique,  FLASH/UAC, 111 (2003) @No $ @ @ INSAE-RGPH 3, Troisième recensement général de la population et l’habitation, Cotonou, 250 (2002) @No $ @ @ Di Benedetto M., Anfossi S., Billiard E., Bonnet M., Henriot F., Kraemer F., Lechenne L., LE Herissier M., Lorin S., Méthodes spectrométriques d’analyse et de caractérisation. Les métaux lourds. Axe « Génie des Procédés », Centre SPIN, Ecole des Mines de Saint- Etienne. Dossier SAM, 49 (1997) @No $ @ @ Assani A.A., Qualité et Mode de Gestion de l’état de l’eau de Boisson dans la sous-  préfecture de Grand-Popo. Mémoire de maîtrise en Santé Publique à l’Institut Régional de Santé Publique. Cotonou, 129 (1995) @No $ @ @ Boukari M., Réactualisation des connaissances hydrogéologiques relatives au Bassin  Sédimentaire Côtier du Bénin, Cotonou, 134 (1998) @No $ @ @ MALIKI, Etude hydrogéologique du littoral béninois dans la région de Cotonou (A.O), Thèse de doctorat du 3ème cycle. Univ. C. A. Diop de Dakar, Sénégal, 135 (1993) @No $ @ @ Aïssi M.J, Impact des déchets domestiques sur la qualité de la nappe phréatique a Cotonou, Mémoire de fin de formation en APE, CPU/ UAC. Abomey-Calavi, 67 (1992) @No $ @ @ Comlavi F.M., Amélioration de la qualité des eaux de puits dans la ville de Cotonou: Cas de quelques quartiers. Mémoire de fin de formation APE, CPU/ UAC, 78 (1995) @No $ @ @ Moukolon, Les contrôles systématiques de la qualité des eaux naturelles au Congo : Quelques résultats du laboratoire d’hydraulique de Lorstom/DGRST de Brazzaville, Bulletin de liaison de CIEH, 90, 11-12 (1993) @No $ @ @ Butterfiel D., L’élévation de la température et la qualité de l’eau dans le milieu tropical, (1999) @No $ @ @ Odeloui T., Processus de minéralisation et risque de pollution du système aquifère du plateau d’Allada et de plaine littorale: impact de la gestion des ressources en eau souterraine. Mémoire de Masters en Hydrologie et Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau, 75 (2010) @No $ @ @ Azontondé H.A., Propriétés physiques et hydrauliques des sols au Bénin. Centre National d'Agro-Pédologie, Soil Water Balance in the SudanoSahelian Zone (Proceedings of the Niamey Workshop, February, IAHS, (199), 249-258 (1991) @No $ @ @ Anane R., Bonini M., Grafeille M.J., Creppy E.E., Bioaccumulation of water soluble aluminium chloride in the hippocampus after transdermal uptake in mice, Arch. Toxicol., 568-571 (1995) @No $ @ @ Djafarou A., La contribution a l’évaluation des risques lies aux usages domestiques de l’eau dans la commune de Kandi. Mémoire de DESS, IMSP, 69, (2004) @No $ @ @ Chippaux I., Etude de la pollution de l’eau souterraine de la ville de Niamey, Niger, 119-123 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vincy M.V., Brilliant Rajan and Pradeep Kumar A. P. Water quality assessment of a tropical wetland ecosystem with special reference to backwater tourism, Kerala, South India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(5), 62-68, (2012) @No $ @ @ McNally D., Crowley-Parmentier J. and Whitman B. Trace metal leaching and bioavailability of coal-generated fly ash, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(5), 62-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abii T., Levels of Heavy Metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) Available for Plants within Abandoned Mechanic Workshops in Umuahia Metropolis, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(2), 79-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tiwari Seema and Tripathi I.P. Lead pollution -an overview, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(5), 62-68, (2012) Chiroma T.M, Ebewele R.O. and Hymore F.K., Level of Heavy Metals in Bushgreen and Roselle Irrigated With Treated and Untreated Urban Sewage Water, Int. Res .J.E. Environment Sci.,1(4), 50-55 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Study on the Quality of Water and Soil from Fish Pond in Around Bhimavaram West Godavari District, A.P., INDIA<#LINE#>Priyamvada@Devi,D.@Sirisha,N.@Gandhi<#LINE#>58-62<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-080.pdf<#LINE#>St.ann's college for women mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, INDIA@Center for Environment and Climate Change (CECC), School of Environmental Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies (JNIAS), Hyderabad A.P. INDIA<#LINE#>07/11/2012<#LINE#>12/11/2012<#LINE#> The physico and chemical characteristics of water and soil in Aquaculture pond are investigated in Khariff (June and july) season before seedling with a view to optimize the fish productivity and to incorporate the scientific way of fish rearing in Palakoderu village, West Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. The soil and water examples are collected in Khariff season before and after seedling. The samples are collected from six places and the soils and water are separately mixed to get a composite sample and it is collected in polyethylene bags and shifted to the laboratory. The analysis is carried out. The soil samples are analyzed in with respect to color, plasticity, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, organic carbon, heavy metals and electrical conductivity.  Similarly water samples are analyzed with respect to color, turbidity, total solids, salinity, nitrates, calcium, Ammoniac. Nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorides, sulplhates, free CO and heavy metals.<#LINE#> @ @ Ademoroti CMA. Standard methods for water and effluents analysis. Foludex Press, Ibadan. 28-76 (1996) @No $ @ @ American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 18thEdition (1992) @No $ @ @ Biggs J., Williams P,, Whitfield M., Nicolet P. andWeatherby A., 15 years of pond assessment in Britain: results and lessons learned from the work of pond conservation. Aquatic conservation; Marine Freshwater Ecosyst. 15, 693-714 (2005) @No $ @ @ Boyd C.E., Water Quality Mangement for pond for fish culture. Elsevier scientific publishing company, Amsterdam (1982) @No $ @ @ Boyd C.E., Water Quality Mangement and aeration in shrip forming (1989) @No $ @ @ B.R. Kiran, Physico–Chemical Characteristics of fish ponds of Bhadra Project at Karnataka, Rasayan. J. Chem., 3(4), 671– 676(2010) @No $ @ @ Das K.K., Biswas A.K. and Gangulu A.K., Recycle and re-use of industrial effluent for aquaculture-a case study, Procession of National seminar on Utilisation of Resources, India., 73-78 (1990) @No $ @ @ David A., Studies on Fish and Fisheries of Godavri and Krishna River systems, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India,1(33), 163-286 (1963) @No $ @ @ Desia V.D., Physical chemical and biological test for Kankari lake, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India,22,131 (1982) @No $ @ @ Dhawan A. and Karu S. Pig dung as pond manure: Effect on water quality pond productivity and growth of carps in poly culture system. The International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) quarterly, Manila,25(1), 1-14 (2002) @No $ @ @ Eze. V.C. and Ogbaran I.O., Microbiological and Physico-chemical characterstics of fish pond water in ughelli, Delta state, Nigeria, Inter. J. current research.,(8), 082– 087 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hrudayanthnanth Thatio et al. Water Quality Assesment of Aquaculture Ponds Located in Bhitarkanika Mangrove Ecosystem, Orissa, India Tur.J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.,8, 71–77(2008) @No $ @ @ I-wudeidin Characteristics of pond water and bottom soil in channel cat fish pond in west central Alabama (2006) @No $ @ @ J.E. Ehiagbonare and Y.O. Ogumrinde, Physico – chemical analysis of fish pond water Okada ang its Environs, Nigeria, African. J. Biotechnol, 9(36),5922–5928 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mahazan A., Studies on seasonal variation of abiotic factors of fresh water pond at Barwan: (M.P), Thesis of Ph.D Vikram University M.P. (1995) @No $ @ @ Mishra S., Aquaculture and Environment, Yojana, 4(9),31–35 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mohamed H. Ardo, Physico–chemical characteristics of afazabad ponds–Egypt, Egypt, J. Aquatic research, 1687- 4285 (2000) @No $ @ @ R.K. Trivedy and P.K. Goel, Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publ. Karad, India, 1 (1984) @No $ @ @ Standard Methods, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Waters (21st edn.), American Water Works Association (AWWA), Water ollution Control Federation (WPCF) and American Public Health Association (APHA) Washington DC, USA (2002) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ganai H.A., Parveen S. and Khan A., Study of some physic-chemical parameters in medical pond, Aligarh, The Ekol, 10(1-2)(2010) @No
<#LINE#>An Experimental Study on Gasification of Chicken Litter<#LINE#>B.S.@Dayananda,L.K.@Sreepathi<#LINE#>63-67<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-55.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.N.N. College of Engineering, Shimoga, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>9/10/2012<#LINE#>9/11/2012<#LINE#>Presently the utilization of energy is mainly dependent on the fossil fuels. The composition and behavior of the atmosphere is changed drastically due to its polluting components. The gap between theincreasing and it can be reduced by utilizing through bioabundantly available and technical feasible fuels, which can fill the gap between the energIn this paper a detail discussion on the process of fluidized bed gasification to utilize as an energy source is made and theproducer gases obtained from the gasification process is compared with the other author for validamade for the equivalence ratio of 0.12 to 0.26 and it was found that   the compositions of Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen are obtained within the acceptable range in comparison with the other authors.<#LINE#> @ @ Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief (2011) @No $ @ @ Annual Report-2010-11, Department of Animal husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi (2011) @No $ @ @ Bolan N.S, Szogi A.A., Chuasavathi T., Seshadri T., Uses and Management of Poultry Litter, Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 66, (2010) @No $ @ @ Kelleher B.P., Leahy J.J., Henihan A.M., Dwyer T.F.O, Sutton D., Leahy M.J., Advances in poultry litter disposal technology- a review, Bio-resource Technology,83, 27 -36 (2002) @No $ @ @ Dayananda B.S., Sreepathi L.K., Design and gasification of chicken litter along with agro wastes, International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences,(Communication completed) (2012) @No $ @ @ Abelha P., Gulyurtlu I., Boavida J.S., Carbita I., Leahy J.J., Kelleher B., Leahy M., Combustion of chicken litter in a fluidized bed combustor, The second International Mediterranean bed combustion symposium (2002) @No $ @ @ Ragnar Warnecke, gasification of bio-mass: Comparison of Fixed bed and Fluidized Bed gasifier, Bio-mass and Bio-energy,18, 49-497, (2000) @No $ @ @ Arena U., Gregorio F.D., Mastellone M.L., Santoro D., Zaccariello L., bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasification of a poultry Farm waste, XXXIV Meeting of the Italian section of the combustion Institute, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Naples, Caserta, Italy (2011) @No $ @ @ Joo-sik kim, Tae- Young Mun, Bo- Sung Kang, Production of clean producer gas with high heating from biomass by air gasification using two-stage gasifier5th ISFR ,October 11-14, Chengdu, China (2009) @No $ @ @ Peter McKendry, Energy production from biomass, part 3: Gasification Technologies, Bioresource Technology,83,55-63 (2002) @No $ @ @ Venkata RamananM. LakshmananE. SethumadhavanR. RenganarayananS., Performance prediction and validation of equilibrium modeling for gasification of cashew nut shell char” Braz, J. Chem. Eng,25, 3 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Study of Groundwater Quality at Dindigul Town, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>M.@Mohamed Hanipha,A.@Zahir Hussain<#LINE#>68-73<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-097.pdf<#LINE#>The New College (Autonomous), Chennai, INDIA @ Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichirappalli, INDIA<#LINE#>17/12/2012<#LINE#>1/1/2013<#LINE#>  Contamination of drinking water by human and industrial activities is a serious concern now-a-days. Thus the analysis of the water quality is very important to preserve and protect the natural eco system. An assessment of the groundwater quality was carried out in and around Dindigul town, Tamilnadu, India. Dindigul is an interior region of Tamilnadu having landscape of 6058 sqkm.  A total number of twenty three groundwater samples were taken from the bore well in and around Dindigul town with necessary precaution. All the groundwater samples were subjected to analysis of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate and fluoride and biological analysis such as dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. The obtained results are compared with WHO standard values. The results revealed that most of the physicochemical parameters such as fluoride, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were in high concentration at most of the groundwater sampling stations. The study of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of these groundwater samples suggest that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources. <#LINE#> @ @ UNEP, (United Nations Environment Programme), Global Environment Outlook (Geo 3), 416 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ikhane Philips, Folorunso Adetayo, Shonibare Olufemi, Odukoya Abidun and Shomoye comfort,  Hydrochemical study, health implications and interpretation of surface water analysis around rural settlements of Itasin and Oki – gbode, southwestern Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(12), 2042–2050 (2010) @No $ @ @ Adewoya B.L. and Oludura A.O., Efficiency of Morigna Oleifera Seeds Extract on Microflora of Surface and Ground Water, Journal of Plant Sciences, , 453-438 (2007) @No $ @ @ APHA, American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for Estimation of water and Wastewater, AWWA, Water Pollution Control Federation, New York, 19 (1995) @No $ @ @ WHO International standards for drinking water, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1992) @No $ @ @ Koul Nishtha, Lokhande R. S. and Dhar J. K., Physico-Chemical, Bacteriological and Pesticide analysis of Tap Water in Millennium City Gurgoan, Haryana, India,  I. Res. J. Environment Sci.1(2), 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pradeep Jain K., Hydrology and quality of groundwater Hirapur district, Sagar (M.P), Pollution Research, 17(1), 91-94 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S. and Tuck Neha.,  Physico chemical Characterization of ground water of Anand district, Gujarat, India,  I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zahir Hussain A. and Abdul Jameel. M., Monitoring the quality of groundwater on the bank of Uyyakondan channel of river Cauvery at Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10.10007/s 10661, 011, 1910–14 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lenin Sundar and Saseetharan, Groundwater quality in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu along Noyyal River, Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 50(3), 187-190 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K., Bhatio, K.K. and Kumar, S.R., Groundwater quality in malaprabha sub-basin Karnataka, International Journal of Environmental Protection, 23(3), 321-329 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chari K.V.R. and Lavanya M.G., Groundwater contamination in Cuddapah urban area, Andhra Pradesh, In Proceedings on regional Workshop of Environmental aspects of groundwater development. KU, Kurukshetra Oct. 17-19, Kurukshetra, India, 130-134 (1994) @No $ @ @ Chadrik Rout and Arabinda Sharma., Assessment of drinking water quality, a case study of Ambala cantonment area, Hariyana, India, International Journal of Environmental Sciences,2(2), 933–945 (2011) @No $ @ @ Varadarajan N., Purandara B.K. and Bhism Kumar, Assessment of groundwater quality in Ghataprabha Command area, Karnataka, India,  J. Environ. Science and Engg.53(3), 341-348 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P.D. Use of Moringa Oleifera(Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Venkateswara Rao B., Physico-chemical analysis of selected groundwater samples of Vijayawada rural and urban in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India,  International Journal Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 710-714 (2011) @No $ @ @ Basic Information in Nitrates in Drinking Water, Basic information about Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants, US-EPA-Environment Protection Agency (2012) @No $ @ @ Indrani Gupta., Abhaysingh Salunkhe., Nanda Rohra and Rakesh Kumar, Groundwater quality in Maharashtra, India, Focus on Nitrate pollution, Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 43(4), 453-462 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajmohan N. and Elango L., Nutrient  chemistry  of  groundwater in an intensively irrigated region of southern India, Environmental Geology, 47, 820-830 (2005) @No $ @ @ Muhammad Barzani Gasim B. S., Ismail., Ekhwan Toriman., Sujaul Islam Mir and Tan Choon Chek., A Physico-Chemical Assessment of the Baber River, Pahang, Malaysia, Global Journal of Environmental Research,1(1), 07-11 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sahu B.K., Rao R.J., Behara, S.K and Pandit R.K., Effect of pollutants on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the river ganga at Kanpur, In pollution and bio monitoring of Indian rivers, ABD publication, Jaipur, India, 168-170 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar A. A. and Jaganathan R., Hydrology of River Bhavani, Tamilnadu, India, Ecology and conservation of lakes, reservoirs and rivers, 1246 (2002) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Mycorrhizae and Phytochelators as Remedy in Heavy Metal Contaminated Land Remediation<#LINE#>Saba@Hasan,Jyoti@Prakash,Neha@Singh<#LINE#>74-78<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-076.pdf<#LINE#>  Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Viraj Khand-5, Gomtinagar, Lucknow, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>05/11/2012<#LINE#>10/12/2012<#LINE#> Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically pleasing, solar-energy driven, passive technique that can be used to clean up sites with shallow, low to moderate levels of contamination. This technique can be used along with or, in some cases, in place of mechanical cleanup methods. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. This sustainable and inexpensive process is emerging as a viable alternative to traditional contaminated land remediation methods. To enhance phytoremediation as a viable strategy, fast growing plants with high metal uptake ability and rapid biomass gain are needed. This paper provides a brief review of studies in the area of phytoaccumulation, most of which have been carried out in U.P. Particular attention is given to the role of phytochelators in making the heavy metals bio-available to the plant and their symbionts in enhancing the uptake of bio-available heavy metals. <#LINE#> @ @ Shuman L.M., Fractionation method for soil micro-elements, Soil Science,140(1), 11 (1985) @No $ @ @ Kabata-Pendias A. and Pendias H., Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 2nd Ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL(1992) @No $ @ @ Kabata-Pendias A. and Pendias H., Trace Elements in the Soil and Plants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL(1989) @No $ @ @ Bingham F.T., Pereyea F.J. and Jarrell W.M., Metal toxicity to agricultural crops, Metal Ions Biol. Syst., 20,119 (1986) @No $ @ @ Foy C.D., Chaney R.L. and White M.C., The physiology of metal toxicity in plants, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29(1), 511 (1978)[doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.29.060178.00 2455] @No $ @ @ McGrath S.P., Chaudri A.M and Giller K.E., Long-term effects of metals in sewage sluge on soils, microorganisms and plants. J. Ind. Microbiol.,14(2), 94 (1995)[doi:10.1007/BF01569890] @No $ @ @ Sanità di Toppi L. and Gabrielli R., Response to cadmium in higher plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 41(2), 105 (1999) [doi:10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00058-6] @No $ @ @ McGrath S.P., Effects of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge on Soil Microbes in Agricultural Ecosystems, In: Ross, S.M. (Ed.), Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems. Wiley, New York, 247-273 (1994) @No $ @ @ Garbisu C. and Alkorta I., Phytoextraction: a cost-effective plant-based technology for the removal of metals from the environment, Bioresour, Technol. 77(3), 229 (2001) [doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00108-5] @No $ @ @ Chaney R.L., BrownLi S.L., Y.M., Angle J.S., Stuczynski T.I., Daniel W.L., Henry C.L., Siebelec G., Malik M. and J.A. Ryan M., et al.,. Progress in Risk Assessment for Soil Metals, and In-situ Remediation and Phytoextraction of Metals from Hazardous Contaminated Soils, US-EPA Phytoremediation: State of Science, 2000 May 1, Boston, MA (2000) @No $ @ @ Cheng S., Grosse W., Karrenbrock F. and Thoennessen M., Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals, Ecol. Eng., 18(3), 317 (2002) [doi:10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00091-X] @No $ @ @ Lasat H.A., Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms, J. Environ. Qual.,31(1), 109 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hinchman R.R., Negri M.C. and Gatliff E.G., “Phytoremediation: using green plants to clean up contaminated soil, groundwater, and wastewater,” Argonne National Laboratory Hinchman, Applied Natural Sciences, Inc (1995)  http://www. treemediation. Com /Technical/Phytoremediation_1998.pdf @No $ @ @ Mwegoha W.J.S., The use of phytoremediation technology for abatement soil and groundwater pollution in Tanzania: opportunities and challenges, J. of Sust. Dev. in Africa,10(1), 140 (2008) @No $ @ @ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Introduction to Phytoremediation, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R-99/107, (2000), http://www.clu-in.org/download/remed/introphyto.pdf. @No $ @ @ Salido A.L., Hasty K.L., Lim J.M. and Butcher D.J.  Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using Chinese Brake ferns (Pteris vittata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), Int. J. of Phytorem., 5( 2), 89 (2003) @No $ @ @ Harrier L.A. and Sawczak J. Detection of the 3phosphoglycerate kinase protein of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Mycorrhiza, 10,81 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hildebrandt U., Regvar M. and Bothe H.,  Arbuscular mycorrhiza and heavy metal tolerance, Phytochem,68, 139 (2007) @No $ @ @ Huang X.D., El-Alawi Y., Penrose D.M., Glick B.R. and Greenberg B.M., Responses of Three Grass Species to Creosote During Phytoremediation, Environ. Pollut, 130, 453 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huang X.D., El-Alawi Y., Gurska J., Glick B.R. and Greenberg B.M., A Multi-Process Phytoremediation System for Decontamination of Persistent Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils, Microchem. J., 81, 139 (2005) @No $ @ @ Narasimhan K., Basheer C., Bajic V.B. and Swarup S., Enhancement of plant-microbe interactions using a rhizosphere metabolomics-driven approach and its application in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls, Plant Physiol, 132, 146 (2003) @No $ @ @ Glick B.R., Phytoremediation: synergisticuse of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment, Biotechnol. Adv., 21, 383 (2003) @No $ @ @ Glick B.R., Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation, Biotechnol. Adv., 28, 367 (2010) @No $ @ @ Leyval C., Turnau K. and Haselwandter K., Effect of heavy metal pollution on mycorrhizal colonization and function: Physiological, ecological and applied aspects, Mycorrhiza, 7, 139 (1997) @No $ @ @ Khodaverdiloo H. and Homaee M., Modeling phytoremediation of Cd and Pb from contaminated soils using plant transpiration reduction functions, Iranian J. Irrig. Drain., 2(1), 7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Khodaverdiloo H. and Homaee M., Modeling of Cadmium and Lead Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils, Soil Sci., 41 (2), 149 (2008) @No $ @ @ Davari M., Homaee M. and Khodaverdiloo H., Modeling Phytoremediation of Ni and Cd from Contaminated Soils Using Macroscopic Transpiration Reduction Functions, J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natural. Resour. Water Soil Sci., 14(52), 75 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shah F.R., Ahmad N., Masood K.R., Peralta-Videa J.R. and Ahmad F.D., Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants. In: Plant Adaptation and Phytoremediation. (M. Ashraf · M. Ozturk · M.S.A. Ahmad, Eds.) Springer Dordrecht HeidelbergLondon New York. 71 (2010) @No $ @ @ Burd G.I., Dixon D.G. and Glick B.R., Plant growth-promotingbacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants, Can. J. Microbiol., 46, 237 (2000) @No $ @ @ Burd G.I., Dixonand D.G. and Glick B.R., A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in seedlings, Appl. J. Environ Microbiol,64, 3663 (1998) @No $ @ @ Belimov A.A., Hontzeas N., Safronova V.I., Demchinskaya S.V., Piluzza G, Bullitta S. and Glick B.R., Cadmium-tolerant plant growth- promoting bacteria associated with the roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.), Soil Biol. Biochem,37, 241(2005) @No $ @ @ Stearns J.C., Shah S., Greenberg B.M., Dixon D.G. and Glick B.R., Tolerance of transgenic canola expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase to growth inhibition by nickel, Plant Physiol. Biochem, 43, 701 (2005) @No $ @ @ Simon L.K., Bousquet J., Levesque R.C. and Lalonde M., Origin and diversification of endomycorrhizal fungi and coincidence with vascular land plants, Nature, 363(6424),67 (1993)[doi:10.1038/363067a0] @No $ @ @ Kaldorf M., Kuhn M., Schroder W.H., Hildebrandt U. and Bothe H., Selective element deposits in maize colonized by a heavy metal tolerance conferring arbus-cular mycorrhizal fungus, J. Plant Physiol, 154, 195 (1999) @No $ @ @ Turnau K., Heavy metal content and localization in mycorrhizal Euphorbia cyparissias from zinc wastes in Southern Polland, Act. Soc. Bot. Pol., 67, 105 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zhou J.L., Zn biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus and other fungi. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol,51(5), 686 (1999) [doi:10.1007/s002530051453] @No $ @ @ Wright S.F. and Upadhyaya A., A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil,198(1), 97 (1998)[doi:10.1023/A:1004347701584] @No $ @ @ Gonzalez-Chavez C., D’Haen J., Vangronsveld J.J. and Dodd J.C., Copper sorption and accumulation by the extraradical mycelium of different Glomus spp. (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) isolated from the same polluted soil, Plant and Soil, 240(2), 287 (2002) [doi:10.1023/A:10157946 22592] @No $ @ @ Margoshes M. and Vallee B. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 79, 4813 (1957) @No $ @ @ Singh R.P., Tripathi R.D., Sinha S.K., Meheshwari R. and Srivastava H.S., Responses of higher plants to lead contaminated environment, Chemosphere,34, 2467 (1997) @No $ @ @ Klapheck S., Fliegner W. and Zimmer I., Hydroxymethyl-phytochelatins [(c-glutamylcysteine)(N)-serine] are metal induced peptides in the Poaceae, Plant Physiol,104, 1325 (1994) @No $ @ @ Keltjnes W.G. and Vanbeusichem M.L., Phytochelatins as biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity in maize – single metal effects of copper and cadmium, J. Plant Nutri,21, 635 (1998) @No $ @ @ Baird C., Environmental Chemistry. W.H. Freeman. New York (1997) @No $ @ @ Marschner H., Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (2ndEdn), Academic Press, London (1995) @No $ @ @ Walter A., Romheld V., Marschner H. and Mori S., Is the release of phytosiderophores in zinc-deficient water plants a response to impaired iron utilization,  Physiol. Pl., 92, 493 (1994) @No $ @ @ Marschner H. and Romheld V., Strategies of plants for acquisition of iron, Plant Soil,165, 262 (1995) @No $ @ @ Zhang F.S., Romheld V. and Marschner H., Diurnal rhythm of release of phytosiderophores and uptake rate of zinc in iron-deficient wheat, Plant Nutri,37, 671 (1991) @No $ @ @ Graham M.J., Nickell C.D., and Hoeft R.G., Effect of manganese deficiency on seed yield of soybean cultivars, J. Plant Nutri,17, 1333 (1994) @No $ @ @ Rauser W.E., Phytochelatins, Ann. Rev. Biochem, 59, 61 (1990) @No
<#LINE#>Climate Change, Water Resources and Food Production: Some Highlights from India's Standpoint<#LINE#>Manoj@Kumar,Pratap Kumar@Padhy<#LINE#>79-87<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2012-096.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA <#LINE#>11/12/2012<#LINE#>20/12/2012<#LINE#>India accounts for about 17.5 % of the world’s population and roughly 4% of the total available fresh water resources. Ground water resources provide for more than 60% of the irrigated land which has already depleted to large extent in many pockets of the country. Except a few perennial rivers most of the rivers are seasonal and rainfed. With increasing population and growing demand from industrial and agricultural sectors the water consumption is set to jump up tremendously in the near future. India is expected to become water stressed country by the years 2020-2025 with per capita water availability falling to 1341 m/person/year by 2025. Climate change can severely threat India’s water security. India’s hydro-climatic regime is expected to alter significantly over the course of the 21st century. Impacts of climate change on water resources are sure to have consequences on the food security of India, as food security cannot be expected without a foolproof water security. Studies conducted by individual authors and other national and international organizations forecast a change in the climate of India and alteration in the hydrological regime. Some changes in climate have already started to appear affecting the water resources of the country. A parallel association also exists between change in water regime and food security. Observing these outcomes in the present context, in this paper (i) the water resources of India (ii) the possible impacts of climate change on its water resources and (iii) likely influence of change in water regime on the food security; have been highlighted. Furthermore, some of the initiatives taken under the National Action Plan on Climate Change by the Government of India to counter the climate change impacts on water resources and food production have also been dealt with. <#LINE#> @ @ Kole R.K., Quality Evaluation of Surface Water Resources with Special Reference to the River Ganga in West Bengal, Winter School on Advanced Strategies for the Mitigation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Pollution in Agricultural Production Systems, 6th -26th December (2005) @No $ @ @ Demographics of India, From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Demographics_of_India, Accessed on 06.12.2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ Water Resources., http://www.environment.tn.nic.in/SoE/ images/Waterresources.pdf, Accessed on 06.12.2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ Water Security and Climate Change: India Water Forum Explores Solutions., News Story, http:// www.iucn.org /...../asia_news...solutions, Accessed on 21.10.2012 (2011) @No $ @ @ Water Scarcity and Security in India., A Presentation by Narayan Hegde, BAIF at the Indian Science Congress, http://www.indiawaterportal.org/node/23240, Accessed on 06.12.2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ Global Water Partnership (GWP)., Climate Change, Food and Water security in South Asia: Critical Issues and Cooperative Strategies in an Age of Increased Risk and Uncertainty, A Global Water Partnership (GWP) and International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Workshop, Colombo, Sri Lanka (2011) @No $ @ @ Sharma B.R. and Sharma D., Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Glacier Melt and Potential Adaptations for Indian Agriculture, Keynote Address at 33rd Indian Agricultural Universities Association Vice Chancellors’ Annual Convention on “Climate Change and its Effect on Agriculture”,; 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<#LINE#>Effects of Heavy Metal Poisoning during Pregnancy<#LINE#>Neeti@Kapoor,Prakash@Tiwari<#LINE#>88-92<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-068.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>22/10/2012<#LINE#>29/10/2012<#LINE#> Heavy metal and their salts are considered as very important group of environmental pollutant which in small quantities may be essential nutrients that protect your health, yet in larger quantity it become toxic and dangerous to human being. When you're pregnant you want to provide the best for your developing baby, starting with what you eat. Your diet, however, may include toxic metals that pose health risks to both you and your child. Heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, lead and copper, cadmium are produced adverse effect during pregnancy which discuss below. This review paper provides an overview of the current knowledge of toxic effect of metal during pregnancy and to newly born baby. It will be helpful in causing awareness among the masses about the harmful effects of heavy metals and their detection. <#LINE#> @ @ Goeringa P.L.  and Barber D.S., Hepatotoxicity of Copper, Iron, Cadmium, and Arsenic, Comprehensive Toxicology, 9, 501-526 @No $ @ @ Lead poisoning in pregnant women who used ayurvedicmedications from India, center and prevention, www./cdcgov/mmwr/pdf/wil/mm6133.pdf, (2012) @No $ @ @ Altmann L., Weinsberg F., Sveinsson K., Lilienthal H., Wiegand H. and Winneke G., Impairment of long-term potentiation and learning following chronic lead exposure, Toxicol Lett, 66(1),105-112 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sinkovic A., Strdin A. and Svensek F., Severe acute copper sulphate poisoning: a case report, Severe acute copper sulphate poisoning: a case report, Arh Hig Rada Toksikol,59(1), 31-5 (2008) @No $ @ @ Franchitto N., Gandia-Mailly P., Georges B., Galinier A., Telmon N., Ducassé J.L. and Rougé D., Acute copper sulphate poisoning: a case report and literature review, Resuscitation,78(1), 92-6 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zaiser A.E. and Miletic V. Prenatal and postnatal chronic exposure to low levels of inorganic lead attenuate long-term potentiation in the adult rat hippocampus in vivo, Neurosci Lett, 239(2-3), 128-130 (1997) @No $ @ @ Chiodo L.M., Covington C., Sokol R.J., Hannigan J.H., Jannise J., Ager J., et al. Blood lead levels and specific attention effects in young children, Neurotoxicol Teratol, 29(5) 538-546 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kim Y., Kim B.N., Hong Y.C., Shin M.S., Yoo H.J., Kim J.W., et al. Co-exposure to environmental lead and manganese affects the intelligence of school-aged children, Neurotoxicology,30(4), 564-571 (2009) @No $ @ @ Canfield R.L., Henderson C.R. Jr, Cory-Slechta D.A., Cox C., Jusko T.A. and Lanphear B.P. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter, N Engl J Med,348(16),1517-1526 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pizzol M., Thomsen M. and Andersen M.S. Long-term human exposure to lead from different media and intake pathways, Sci Total Environ,408(22) 5478-5488 (2010) @No $ @ @ Heavy Metal Analysis and Interim Recommended Limits for Botanical Dietary Supplements, White Paper, the American Herbal Products Association @No $ @ @ Dr Thomas Nissen, An In-depth Report on the Effects of Mercury Poisoning Toxicity, Evenbetterhealth.com (2004) @No $ @ @ The adverse effect of alcohol on reproductive system, www.come-over.to/FAS/alcohalhtml,Tuula-E-Taurmaa. @No $ @ @ James Bowring, Heavy metal toxicity and the unborn child, www.midwifeferytoday.com, (2005) @No $ @ @ CDC. Guidelines for the identification and management of lead exposure in pregnant and lactating women. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2010.Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/ leadandpregnancy 2010.pdf, Accessed August 20, (2012) @No $ @ @ CDC. Lead poisoning associated with Ayurvedic medications—five states, 2000–2003. MMWR, 53, 582–4, (2004) @No