@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Studies on toxicity of dishwashing gel to fingerlings of Catlacatla and changes in the behaviour of fingerlings<#LINE#>Navnath E. @Chandanshive,Komal @Bharti,Shaunak @Joshi,Tanvi @Sarnaik <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2021-021.pdf<#LINE#>Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune, Maharashtra, India@Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune, Maharashtra, India@Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune, Maharashtra, India@Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>28/7/2021<#LINE#>3/11/2021<#LINE#>The toxicity of liquid detergent (dishwashing gel) to Catlacatla was studied with static bioassays during 2019. The 96 h LC50 of dishwashing gel was found out by the graphical method of Krouwer and Monti (1995).  The value of 96 h LC50 for dishing gel was found to be 0.040ml/litre. During investigation the exposed fingerlings before death exhibits number of changes in behavior like nervousness, fast swimming, and imbalance, secretion of mucus, frantic movements and bleeding from operculum. This represents the adverse and highly toxic effects of detergents on the fingerlings.<#LINE#>Chandanshive N. E. (2013).@The Seasonal Fluctuation of Physico-Chemical parameters of River Mula-Mutha at Pune, India and their Impact on Fish Biodiversity.@Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences; 1(1), 11-16.@Yes$C. L. Yuan (2014).@Study on characteristics and harm of surfactants.@Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 6(7), 2235 – 2236@Yes$Adeyemi-Ale, OA; Aladesida, AA & Esenowo, IK. (2014).@The Effect of Detergent Effluent on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Plankton Diversity of Osere Stream, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.@J. Applied Science and environmental management, 18(1), 99-103@Yes$Tomislav Ivankovic and Jasna Hrenovic (2010).@Surfactants in the environment, Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 61(1), 95-110@undefined@Yes$Singh, R. P., Swaroop, D., & Annie, K. (1999).@Surfactants and their toxicity to aquatic animals.@Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 9(2), 117-122.@Yes$Sheela, M., Nirmala, S., & Muniandy, S. (1995).@Impacts of detergent on food utilization, growth and conversion of the fish Macropodus cupanus.@Environment and ecology. Kalyani, 13(2), 348-350.@Yes$Maruthanayagam C., N. Ravi, S. Arun and P. Subramanian. (1997).@Impact of detergent on the biochemistry of the freshwater prawn Macrobranchiumlamarrei (H.M. Edwards).@Environment and Ecology, 15(1),79-82.@Yes$Krouwer, J. S., & Monti, K. L. (1995).@A simple, graphical method to evaluate laboratory assays.@European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry, 33(8), 525-528.@Yes$APHA (1998).@Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.@@No$Palanichamg, R. (1991).@Acute toxicity of household detergents to a weed fish. Rasbora elonga.@J. Environ. Biol., 12, 143-148.@Yes$Raju, S. (1994).@Effect of detergent (Ariel) on oxidative enzymes and histology of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus.@Journal of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Monitoring, 4(3), 227-230.@Yes$Prakash D. J. (1996).@Effects of detergents, soap and fertilizers on teleost fishes.@J. Ecobiol., 8(4), 271-274.@Yes$Singh R. P., N. Gupta, S. Singh, R. Suman and K. Annie (2002).@Toxicity of ionic and nonionic surfactants to six microbes found in Agra, India.@Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicology, 69(2), 265-270.@Yes$Chandanshive N. E. (2013).@Studies on Toxicity of Detergents to Mystusmontanusand Change in behaviour of Fish.@Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci., 1(9), 14–19.@Yes
<#LINE#>Chromium contents and some physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Odo-ona area of Ibadan, Nigeria<#LINE#>Peter Olaoye @Oyeleke,Omolara Jemimah @Ojezele,Funmilayo Joke @Okparaocha,Adijat Yetunde @Shorinmade,Kikelomo Busola @Odusola <#LINE#>8-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2021-027.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria@Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria@Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria@Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria@Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria<#LINE#>8/11/2021<#LINE#>3/1/2022<#LINE#>The assessment of groundwater quality is important to ascertain the level of contaminants, which have adverse effect on human health. The groundwater of Odo-ona area, Ibadan, Nigeria were studied for chromium (Cr) contents and other physico-chemical parameters. Cr contents were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique while other physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard methods.  The water samples were collected and analysed for Cr, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate and chloride. The results obtained were compared with the WHO guidelines or standards for drinking water. It was revealed that most of the parameters fall within the permissible limits of WHO except the Cr level, alkalinity and TDS, which were exceptionally higher than the acceptable range by WHO. This result renders the water not completely suitable for drinking to avoid health issues. It is thereby suggested that the groundwater in the study area be properly treated by appropriate technique before the water is used for domestic purposes. Also, regular monitoring of the groundwater quality in the study area is recommended so as to be aware of the level of contaminants and ensure precautionary measure. Further research should be conducted in the study area for other toxic metals and water quality parameters as well as the determination of the sources of groundwater contamination in the area.<#LINE#>Behailu, T.W., Badessa, T.S., and Tewodros, B.A. (2017).@Analysis of Physical and Chemical Parameters in Ground Water Used for Drinking around Konso Area, Southwestern Ethiopia.@J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech., 8(5), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155- 9872.1000379.@Yes$Ojekunle, Z.O., Adeyemi, A.A., Taiwo, A.M., Ganiyu, S.A., and Balogun, M.A. (2020).@Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater within selected Industrial areas in Ogun State, Nigeria.@Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 32(1), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2020.1780157.@Yes$Isah, M.A., Salau, O.B.E., Harir, A.I., Chiroma, M.A., and Umaru, A.A. (2015).@Parameters of Water Quality in Hand Dug Wells (HDW) from Hardo ward, Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria.@ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(16), 6804-6810.@Yes$Reddy, V.H., Prasad, P.M.N., Reddy, A.V.R. and Reddy, Y.V.R. (2012).@Determination of Heavy Metals in Surface and Groundwater in and around Tirupati, Chittoor (Di), Andhra Pradesh, India.@Der Pharma Chemica, 4(6), 2442-2448.@Yes$WHO-UNICEF (2015).@Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water-2015 Update and MDG Assessment.@World Health Organization Press, Geneva, 1–80.@Yes$Tumolo, M., Ancona, V., de Paola, D., Losacco, D., Campanale, C., Massarelli, C. and Uricchio, V.F. (2020).@Chromium Pollution in European Water, Sources, Health Risk, and   Remediation Strategies: An Overview.@Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 5438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155438.@Yes$Wilbur, S., Ingerman, L., Citra, M., Osier, M. and Wohlers, D. (2000).@Toxicological Profile for Chromium. US Department of Health and Human Services.@Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1–419.@Yes$Engwa, G.A., Ferdinand, P.U., Nwalo, F.N. and Unachukwu, M.N. (2018).@Mechanism and Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Humans Poisoning in the Modern World—New tricks for an old dog?.@Ozgur Karcioglu and Banu Arslan, Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/ intechopen.82511.@Yes$Obasi, P.N., and Akudinobi, B.B. (2020).@Potential Health Risk and Levels of Heavy Metals in Water Resources of Lead–Zinc mining Communities of Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria.@Applied Water Science, 10, 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z@Yes$Hausladen, D.M., Alexander-Ozinskas, A., McClain, C.N., and Fendorf, S. (2018).@Hexavalent Chromium Sources and Distribution in California Groundwater.@Environ. Sci. Technol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627.@Yes$Guo, H., Chen, Y., Hu, H., Zhao, K., Li, H., Yan, S., Xiu, W., Coyte, R.M., and Vengosh, A. (2020).@High Hexavalent Chromium Concentration in Groundwater from a Deep Aquifer in the Baiyangdian Basin of the North China Plain.@Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 10068−10077.@Yes$Zhitkovich, A. (2011).@Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks.@Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 1617–1629. dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx200251t.@Yes$Paustenbach, D., Finley, B., Mowat, F., and Kerger, B. (2003).@Human Health Risk and Exposure Assessment of Chromium (VI) in Tap Water.@Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, 66(17), 1295-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390306388.@Yes$Olayinka, O.O., Adedeji, H.O., Akinyemi, A.A., and Oresanya, O.J. (2017).@Assessment of the Pollution Status of Eleyele Lake, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.@Journal of Health & Pollution, 7(5), 51-62.@Yes$Muhammad, S., Shah, M.T. and Khan, S. (2011).@Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and their Source Apportionment in Drinking Water of Kohistan region, Northern Pakistan.@Microchemical Journal, 98, 334–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.003.@Yes$Patil, V.T., and Patil, P.R. (2010).@Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Amalner Town in Jalgaon District, 	Maharashtra, India.@E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 111-116.@Yes$Dandwate, S.R. (2012).@Study of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater Quality of Kopargaon Area, Maharastra State, India during Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon Seasons.@E-Journal of Chemistry,  9(1), 15-20.@Yes$Rahim, A., and Hussain, S. (2011).@Assessment of groundwater quality of Beed city, Maharashtra India.@Orient J Chem., 27(3), 1273–1275.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessment of the Physico-chemical water quality of an Artificial Lake in Osun State, Nigeria, over time and space<#LINE#>Helen Yetunde @OMOBOYE,Adebukola Adenike @ADEDEJI,Israel Funso @ADENIYI <#LINE#>13-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2021-032.pdf<#LINE#>Anchor University, Ayobo-Ipaja, Ayobo, Lagos, Nigeria and Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria@Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria@Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria<#LINE#>30/11/2021<#LINE#>16/2/2022<#LINE#>This study investigated the variation in physico-chemical water quality of the Esa-Odo Reservoir over space and timefrom February 2017 to December 2018 at two months interval. To cover the whole reservoir zone, sampling points were chosen horizontally and vertically at marked out stations. Depth, transparency (using Secchi disc) and temperature (using mercury-in-glass bulb thermometer) were determined on field. Other physical and chemical parameters were evaluated using standard methods. The values obtainedrevealed Esa-Odo Reservoir as slightly buffered freshwater with cationic hierarchy of Na >Ca > Mg > K and anion hierarchy of HCO3-> Cl->SO42-.  Investigated physical parameters varied the most and were significant for two parameters (True Color and Total suspended solid) spatially. While vertically highly significant variation were observed for four (Temperature, Turbidity, Total suspended solid, apparent and true color) parameters. Seasonally, five of the investigated physical parameters (Turbidity, Total solid, Total suspended solid, apparent and true color) showed very highly significant variation. However, in terms of the chemical parameters investigated, only the salinity parameters showed significant vertical (pH and TDS) and highly significant seasonal (TDS, Alkalinity and Hardness) variations. Moreover, seasonally, the nutrient parameters recorded highly significant variation as well as all ions assessed except potassium. All  monitored physico-chemical parameters were within the guide level range as of the World Health Organisation (WHO) for drinking water, therefore Esa odo Reservoir water can be classified as fairly clean, alkaline freshwater. However based on the significant seasonal variations in its water quality, regular proper monitoring of the reservoir is recommended.<#LINE#>Araoye, P.A. (2008).@Physical factors and their Influence on Fish Species Composition in Asa Lake, Ilorin, Nigeria.@International Journal of Tropical Biology, 57(1-2), 167-175.@Yes$Jawale, A. K., & Patil, S. A. (2009).@Physico-chemical characteristics and Phytoplanktons abundance of Mangrul dam, Dist-Jalgaon, Maharashtra.@J. Aqua. Biol, 24(1), 7-12.@Yes$Adeyemi, S.O., Akombo, P.M. & Toluhi, O.O. (2009).@Food and feeding habit of Oreochromis niloticus in lake Gbedikere, Bassa, kogi state.@Continental journal of animal and vertenary research, 1(1), 25-30.@Yes$Akinyeye, A.J., Komolafe, J.I. & Okorie, T.G. (2011).@Limnological Assessment of Effluents on Invertebrates from Alaro River in Oluyole industrial area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.@Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(7), 1053- 1058.@Yes$Edward, J.B. & Ugwumba, A.A.A. (2010).@Physico-Chemical Parameters and Plankton Community of Egbe Reservoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria.@Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(5), 356-367.@Yes$Ayodele, H.A. & Adeniyi I.F. (2006).@The zooplankton fauna of six impoundments on River Osun, Southwest, Nigeria.@The Zoologist, 1(4), 49-67.@Yes$Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A., & Ryan, P. D. (2001).@PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis.@Palaeontologia electronica, 4(1), 9.@Yes$Mustapha, M.K. (2008).@Assessment of the Water Quality of Oyun Reservoir, Offa, Nigeria, using 	Selected Physico-chemical Parameters.@Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8, 309-319.@Yes$Onyema, I.C. & Ojo, A.A. (2008).@The zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass in a tropical creek, in relation to water quality indices.@Life Science Journal, 5(4), 75 - 82.@Yes$American Public Health Association APHA, (1992).@American Public Health Association.@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition APHA, Washington, D.C.@Yes$Boyd, C. E., & Lichtkoppler, F. (1979).@Water quality management for fish pond culture.@Research and development series, (22), 183.@Yes$Gupta, S.K. & Gupta, R.C. (2006).@General and Applied Ichthyology (Fish and Fisheries).@Chand and Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi, 1130 pp. ISBN: 8121926297, 9788121926294.@Yes$Akinbuwa, O. & Adeniyi, I.F. (1996).@Seasonal variation, distribution and interrelationships of rotifers in Opa Reservoir, Nigeria.@African Journal of Ecology, 34, 351-363.@Yes$Omoboye, H.Y. (2015).@The Planktonic Community and Primary Productivity of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria.@Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Obafemi Awolowo University, 263.@No$Egborge, A.B.M. (1971).@The chemical hydrology of the River Oshun, Western State, Nigeria.@Fresh Water Biology, 1(3), 257-271.@Yes$Adedeji, A.A., Komolafe, O.O., Akinrele, O.A. & Adeleke, O. (2015).@Water quality and plankton biota of Osinmo reservoir, Osun State, Southwest Nigeria.@Zoology and Ecology, 25(2), 145-153@Yes$Aduwo, I.A. (2008).@The study of zooplankton fauna and physicochemical water properties of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm Lake.@Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis. Obafemi Awolowo University, 287 pp.@No$Janjua, M.Y., Ahmad, T. & Gerdeau, D. (2008).@Comparison of Different Predictive Models for Estimating Fish Yields in Shahpur Dam, Pakistan.@Lake Reservoir Management, 13(4), 319-324.@Yes$Akin-Oriola, G.A. (2003). On the phytoplankton of Awba reservoir, Ibadan, Nigeria. Rev. Biol. 	Trop., 51(1), 99-106.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Dumont, H.J. (1999).@The species richness of reservoir plankton and the effect of reservoirs on plankton dispersal (with particular emphasis on rotifer and cladocerans).@In: Tundisi, JD. and Straskraba, M. (Eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications. IIE, Backhuys Publishers, Brazilian Academy of Science. pp 417-491.@Yes$Atobatele, O.E. & Ugwumba, O.A. (2008).@Seasonal Variation in the Physico-chemistry of a Small Tropical Reservoir (Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Osun, Nigeria).@African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(12), 62-171.@Yes$Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), (1991).@Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Guideline and Standard for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria.@Federal Government Press, Lagos, Nigeria. 238pp.@No$Moore, W.J. & Moore, E.A. (1976)@Environmental Chemistry.@Academic press. Inc. London. pp 360-368.ISBN: 9780323147422.@No$Abowei, J.F.N. & George, A.D.I. (2009).@Some physical and chemical characteristics in Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria.@Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 1(2), 45-53.@Yes$Ayoade, A. A., Fagade, S.O. & Adebisi, A. A. (2006).@Dynamics of Limnological Features of Two Man-Made Lakes in Relation to Fish Production.@African Journal of Bioteclnology, 5(10); 1013-1021.@Yes$Akinbuwa, O. (1999).@The zooplankton fauna and physico-chemical condition of Erinle Lake and its major inflows at Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.@Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis. E Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 330 pp.@Yes$Timms, B. V. (1986).@Reconnaissance limnology of some Coastal Dune Lakes of Cape York Peninsular, Queensland.@Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Res., 37, 167-197.@Yes$Rottman, R.W. & Shireman, J.V. (1990).@Hatchery manual for Grass Carp and other Riverine cyprinids.@Bulletine 244. Cooperative Extension Services. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 27pp@Yes$Ufodike, E. B. C., Arazu, V. N. & Onohworu, A. C. O. (2008).@Preliminary assessment of variability in the productivity and limnology of a homestead pond on the Jos Plateau over a dry and wet season transition period.@Tropical Freshwater Biology, 17(1), 73-80.@Yes$Akinbuwa O. (1988).@The studies of the physico-chemical factors and the rotifera fauna of Opa reservoir.@Unpublished MSc Thesis. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 162 pp.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Characterization of Onset, Cessation and Moisture Conditions in Rainy Seasons of Westrn Oromia<#LINE#>Kefiyalew Ayele @Alandu,Mesfin Asfaw @Afrassa,Tadesse Terefe @Zeleke,Tamirat Yohannes @Hansewo <#LINE#>25-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2021-009.pdf<#LINE#>National Meteorological Agency, SNNPR Meteorological Service Center, Hawassa, Ethiopia@Department of Physics, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia@Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy (IGSSA), Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia@National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia<#LINE#>28/3/2021<#LINE#>6/12/2021<#LINE#>In Ethiopia, Rainfall variability has a major impact on Agricultural productivity and economies.  The study aims to analyses variability of onset, cessation, NRDs and Moisture conditions (SPI) in 3, 6, 9 and 12 time scales by using statistical method over western Oromia for the period of 1981-2016. The northern parts of the region (East & West Wollega) experiences high rainfall during Kiremt. Belg rainfall has a considerable amount contribution to the annual rainfall over the southern parts of region (Jimma and Illubabor). The early onset of rainfall occurred over Jimma zones in the 3rd dekade of March, in the 1st dekade of April over the most parts of Ilubabor, and lately in the 3rd dekade of April to 1st dekade of May over the east and west wellega following the northward propagation of ITCZ. Cessation was earlier over the most parts of East and West wollega before the first decade of November and before 3rd decade of November over the east and west of jimma and south of Illubabor zones. The study revealed the climate of rainfall and the region as whole experience more near normal moisture conditions (from 26 to 32 times) than other condition categories for all SPI time scales in 36 years events which are necessary information for agriculture operations, hydrological management and mitigation of impacts<#LINE#>Shiferaw, A., Ahmed, J. S., Gisella, T., Gebremariam, T., Amsalu, A., & Jember, G. (2015).@Ethiopian panel on climate change (2015), first assessment report, Working Group I physical science basis.@Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Academy of Sciences.@Yes$Alemayehu, A. M. (2020).@Spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed, western Ethiopia.@Environmental System Research, 1-15.@Yes$Degefu, M. (2017).@Teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs: observations and methods for model evaluation.@Meteorol Atmos Phys, 129, 173–186.@Yes$Haile, T. (1988).@Causes and Characters of Drought in Ethiopia.@Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10, 1-2, 85-97.@Yes$Korecha, D. (2007).@Predictability of June–September rainfall in Ethiopia.@Mon Weather Rev, 135, 628–650.@Yes$Abebe, M. (2006).@The onset, cessation and dry spells of the small rainy season (Belg) of Ethiopia.@National Meteorological Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.@Yes$Wagesho, N. (2013).@Temporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia.@Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58, 2, 354-373.@Yes$Legese, W., Koricha, D., & Ture, K. (2018).@Characteristics of seasonal rainfall and its distribution over Bale Highland, Southeastern Ethiopia.@J Earth Sci Clim Change, 9(443), 2.@Yes$Kebede, G., & Bewket, W. (2009).@Variations in rainfall and extreme event indices in the wettest part of Ethiopia.@SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 32(2), 129-140.@Yes$McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993).@The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales.@In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17(22), 179-183.@Yes$Shefine, B. G. (2018).@Analysis of Meteorological Drought Using SPI and Large-Scale Climate Variability (ENSO)-A Case Study in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.@Hydrol Current Res, 9(307), 2.@Yes$Tigkas, D., Vangelis, H. and Tsakiris, G. (2013).@The drought indices calculator (DrinC).@In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of EWRA: Water Resources Management in an Interdisciplinary and Changing Context, Porto, Portugal, Vol. 2629.@Yes$Guide, W. S. P. I. U., Svoboda, M., Hayes, M., & Wood, D. (2012). WMO-No. 1090. WMO: Geneva, Switzerland.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Viste, E. (2012).@Moisture Transport and Precipitation in Ethiopia.@Norway: University of Bergen.@Yes$Daba, M. (2018).@Agro climatic characterization in the selected woredas of western Oromia, Ethiopia.@Journal of Earth Science and Climatic Change, 9(455), 2.@Yes
<#LINE#>Review on face masks – source of microplastics and its impact on ecosystem<#LINE#>Glaxy @Ezekel V,Haritha R. @Nair <#LINE#>31-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2021-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany and Centre for Research, St. Teresa’s College, Autonomous, Ernakulam, Kerala, India@Department of Botany and Centre for Research, St. Teresa’s College, Autonomous, Ernakulam, Kerala, India<#LINE#>18/11/2021<#LINE#>5/1/2022<#LINE#>Covid-19 has changed the world upturned. The pandemic not only affected the humans but also the environment due to the plastic pollution generated from the improper disposal of covid -19 protective measures like a face mask, gloves, PPE kit, etc. The use of Face masks has become an inevitable preventive measure against coronavirus disease. The study has found that the remarkable increase and improper disposal of face masks are going to be the next pandemic in the future. The studies reveal the face masks have the potential to release micro-sized fibers known as micro plastics which is a menace to the flora and fauna of numerous ecosystems. The study provides an insight into the impact of illegitimately disposed face masks on the biotic and abiotic components.<#LINE#>Sterner, R. W., Andersen, T., Elser, J. J., Hessen, D. O., Hood, J. M., McCauley, E., & Urabe, J. (2008).@Scale‐dependent carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus seston stoichiometry in marine and freshwaters.@Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3), 1169-1180.@Yes$Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G., & Arthur, C. (2015).@Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments.@@Yes$Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C., & Galloway, T. S. (2013).@The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review.@Environmental pollution, 178, 483-492.@Yes$Andrady, A. L. (2011).@Microplastics in the marine environment.@Marine pollution bulletin, 62(8), 1596-1605.@Yes$Avio, C. G., Gorbi, S., & Regoli, F. (2017).@Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: from emerging pollutants to emerged threat.@Marine environmental research, 128, 2-11.@Yes$Hill, G. (2010).@History of Cyprus.@Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press.@Yes$Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Zumla, A., & Memish, Z. A. (2014).@Coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in travelers.@Current opinion in infectious diseases, 27(5), 411–417.@Yes$Covid, I., & Murray, C. J. (2020).@Forecasting COVID-19 impact on hospital bed-days, ICU-days, ventilator-days, and deaths by US state in the next 4 months.@MedRxiv.@Yes$Sridhar, A. & Cassinadane, A. V. (2021).@Preventive Strategies for the Public During Covid-19 Pandemic.@Health, Hygiene, Sanitation And Environment At Pandemic Times, 273.@Yes$Chintalapudi, N., Battineni, G., & Amenta, F. (2020).@COVID-19 virus outbreak forecasting of registered and recovered cases after sixty-day lockdown in Italy: A data-driven model approach.@Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 53(3), 396-403.@Yes$O’Dowd, K., Nair, K. M., Forouzandeh, P., Mathew, S., Grant, J., Moran, R., ... & Pillai, S. C. (2020).@Face masks and respirators in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of current materials, advances, and future perspectives.@Materials, 13(15), 3363.@Yes$Wu, H. L., Huang, J., Zhang, C., He, Z., & Ming, W. K. (2020).@Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures.@E Clinical Medicine, 21, 100329.@Yes$Das, S., Sarkar, S., Das, A., Das, S., Chakraborty, P., & Sarkar, J. (2021).@A comprehensive review of various categories of face masks resistant to Covid-19.@Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12, 100835.@Yes$Xinhua, M. A., Xizhe, L. I., Liang, F., Yujin, W. A. N., Qiang, S. H. I., Yonghui, W. A. N. G., ... & Wei, G. U. O. (2020).@Dominating factors on well productivity and development strategies optimization in Weiyuan shale gas play, Sichuan Basin, SW China.@Petroleum Exploration and Development, 47(3), 594-602.@Yes$Fadare, O. O., & Okoffo, E. D. (2020).@Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment.@The Science of the total environment, 737, 140279.@Yes$Czeisler, M. É., Marynak, K., Clarke, K. E., Salah, Z., Shakya, I., Thierry, J. M., ... & Howard, M. E. (2020).@Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States, June 2020.@Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(36), 1250.@Yes$Bradley, J. (2020).@In the scramble for coronavirus supplies, rich countries push the poor aside.@The New York Times, 9.@Yes$Aragaw, T. A. (2020).@Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario.@Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159, 111517.@Yes$Potluri, P., & Needham, P. (2005).@Technical textiles for protection.@In Textiles for Protection| Text. for Prot. (pp. 151-175). Elsevier BV.@No$Avery, M. E., Chernick, V., Dutton, R. E., & Permutt, S. (1963).@Ventilatory response to inspired carbon dioxide in infants and adults.@Journal of Applied Physiology, 18(5), 895-903.@Yes$Reid, A. J., Carlson, A. K., Creed, I. F., Eliason, E. J., Gell, P. A., Johnson, P. T., ... & Cooke, S. J. (2019).@Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity.@Biological Reviews, 94(3), 849-873.@Yes$Roy, N. & Chaube, R. (2021).@Environmental Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in India.@International Journal of Biological Innovations, 3(1).@Yes$Hongthong, S., Leese, H. S., Allen, M. J., & Chuck, C. J. (2021).@Assessing the Conversion of Various Nylon Polymers in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Macroalgae.@Environments, 8(4), 34.@Yes$Akarsu, C., Madenli, Ö. & Deveci, E. Ü. (2021).@Characterization of littered face masks in the southeastern part of Turkey.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(34), 47517-47527.@Yes$Shen, M., Zeng, Z., Song, B., Yi, H., Hu, T., Zhang, Y., ... & Xiao, R. (2021).@Neglected microplastics pollution in global COVID-19: disposable surgical masks.@Science of the Total Environment, 790, 148130.@Yes$Corradini, F., Casado, F., Leiva, V., Huerta-Lwanga, E., & Geissen, V. (2021).@Microplastics occurrence and frequency in soils under different land use on a regional scale.@The Science of the total environment, 752, 141917.@Yes$Julienne, F., Delorme, N., & Lagarde, F. (2019).@From macroplastics to microplastics: Role of water in the fragmentation of polyethylene.@Chemosphere, 236, 124409.@Yes$Wu, W. M., Yang, J., & Criddle, C. S. (2017).@Microplastics pollution and reduction strategies.@Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 11(1), 1-4.@Yes$Rummel, C. D., Jahnke, A., Gorokhova, E., Kühnel, D. and Schmitt-Jansen, M. (2017).@Impacts of biofilm formation on the fate and potential effects of microplastic in the aquatic environment.@Environmental science & technology letters, 4(7), 258-267.@Yes$Chen, G., Feng, Q., & Wang, J. (2020).@Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans.@Science of the Total Environment, 703, 135504.@Yes$Kumar, M., Patel, A. K., Shah, A. V., Raval, J., Rajpara, N., Joshi, M., & Joshi, C. G. (2020).@The first proof of the capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in India through detection of the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2.@Science of The Total Environment, 746, 141326.@Yes$Akarsu, C., Madenli, Ö., & Deveci, E. Ü. (2021).@Potential Microplastic Threat: Environmental Assessment of The Face Mask Pollution.@@Yes$De Souza Machado, A. A., Kloas, W., Zarfl, C., Hempel, S., & Rillig, M. C. (2018).@Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems.@Global change biology, 24(4), 1405-1416.@Yes$Silva, A. L. P., Prata, J. C., Walker, T. R., Duarte, A. C., Ouyang, W., Barcelò, D., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2021).@Increased plastic pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations.@Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126683.@Yes$Abbing, M. R. (2019).@Plastic soup: An atlas of ocean pollution.@Island Press.@Yes$Awuchi, C. G., & Awuchi, C. G. (2019).@Impacts of plastic pollution on the sustainability of seafood value chain and human health.@International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 5(11), 46-138.@Yes$Sjollema, S. B., Redondo-Hasselerharm, P., Leslie, H. A., Kraak, M. H., & Vethaak, A. D. (2016).@Do plastic particles affect microalgal photosynthesis and growth?.@Aquatic toxicology, 170, 259-261.@Yes$Ramanathan, V., & Feng, Y. (2009).@Air pollution, greenhouse gases, and climate change: Global and regional perspectives.@Atmosphe Environmentment, 43(1), 37-50.@Yes$Shen, M., Ye, S., Zeng, G., Zhang, Y., Xing, L., Tang, W., ... & Liu, S. (2020).@Can microplastics pose a threat to ocean carbon sequestration?.@Marine pollution bulletin, 150, 110712.@Yes$Devasahayam, S. (2019).@Opportunities for simultaneous energy/materials conversion of carbon dioxide and plastics in metallurgical processes.@Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 22, e00119.@Yes$Tilahun, A., Haddis, S., Teshale, A., & Hadush, T. (2016).@Review on biofilm and microbial adhesion.@Int J Microbiol Res, 7(3), 63-73.@Yes$Keswani, A., Oliver, D. M., Gutierrez, T., & Quilliam, R. S. (2016).@Microbial hitchhikers on marine plastic debris: human exposure risks at bathing waters and beach environments.@Marine environmental research, 118, 10-19.@Yes$Lusher, A., Hollman, P., & Mendoza-Hill, J. (2017).@Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety.@FAO.@Yes$Thompson, R. C. (2015).@Microplastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences, and solutions.@In Marine anthropogenic litter, 185-200. Springer, Cham.@Yes$Engler, R. E. (2012).@The complex interaction between marine debris and toxic chemicals in the ocean.@Environmental science & technology, 46(22), 12302-12315.@Yes$Worm, B., Lotze, H. K., Jubinville, I., Wilcox, C., & Jambeck, J. (2017).@Plastic is a persistent marine pollutant.@Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 42, 1-26.@Yes$Alimba, C. G. & Faggio, C. (2019).@Microplastics in the marine environment: current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile.@Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 68, 61-74.@Yes$Li, J., Liu, H., & Chen, J. P. (2018).@Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection.@Water Research, 137, 362-374.@Yes$Li, L., Zhao, X., Li, Z., & Song, K. (2021).@COVID-19: Performance study of microplastic inhalation risk posed by wearing masks.@Journal of hazardous materials, 411, 124955.@Yes$Chen, X., Chen, X., Liu, Q., Zhao, Q., Xiong, X., & Wu, C. (2021).@Used disposable face masks are significant sources of microplastics to the environment.@Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 285, 117485.@Yes$Abbasi, S. (2021).@Routes of human exposure to micro (nano) plastics.@Current Opinion in Toxicology, 27, 41-46.@Yes$Ng, Y., Li, Z., Chua, Y. X., Chaw, W. L., Zhao, Z., Er, B., ... & Lee, V. J. (2020).@Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance and containment measures for the first 100 patients with COVID-19 in Singapore—January 2–February 29, 2020.@Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(11), 307.@Yes