@Research Paper <#LINE#>Potential risks of endophytic Salmonella sp. contamination associated with raw salad vegetables and their drug-resistant pattern<#LINE#>Hiral S. @Raval,Alkesh I. @Shah <#LINE#>1-11<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-117.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, B.P. Baria Science Institute, Navsari, Affiliated with Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India@Department of Zoology, B.P. Baria Science Institute, Navsari, Affiliated with Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>23/11/2019<#LINE#>7/7/2020<#LINE#>Raw salad vegetables are considerable ingredients of vital nourishment but have been associated with relevant days with a flourishing threat of food poisoning from bacterial pathogens for instance Salmonella sp. Even though this is reflected in substantial known health trouble, extremely little is recognized regarding the behavior performance of Salmonella sp. with raw salad vegetables. The contemporary effort estimates the microbiological excellence of raw salad vegetables utilized in Surat city, Gujarat, India. A sum of 300 samples of 5 discrete largely consumed raw salad vegetables (Tomato N=60, Cucumber N=60, Cabbage N=60, Spinach N=60, Carrot N=60) from local vegetable markets were investigated for inclusive endophytic Salmonella sp.in relations of aerobic counts after removing surface microflora. Salmonella sp. has been detected 11.3 % of the total samples. Most Salmonella sp. isolated from above raw salad vegetables observed to have multidrug resistance. The investigation statistics reveal that raw salad vegetables may promote the durability of Salmonella sp. within raw salad vegetables. Endophytic Salmonella cells from salad vegetables could not be removed by simple washing and intensely highlight the significance of confirming the microbiological safety of raw salad vegetables.<#LINE#>Pande, T.K., Khan, A.H., Pipersania, R., Sethi, S.K., and Rath, Y. (2002).@Watermelon poisoning.@Postgrad Med J 78, 124-125.@Yes$Sudershan, R.V., Naveen Kumar, R., Kashinath, L., Bhaskar, V. and Polasa, K. (2014).@Foodborne infections and intoxications in Hyderabad India.@Epidemiol Res Int, Article ID 942961, 5 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014 /942961@No$Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017).@List of selected multistate food borne outbreak investigations.@Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.@No$Callejón, R.M., Rodríguez-Naranjo, M.I., Ubeda, C., Hornedo-Ortega, R., Garcia-Parrilla, M.C. and Troncoso, A.M. (2015).@Reported foodborne outbreaks due to fresh produce in the United States and European Union: trends and causes.@Food borne Pathog Dis, 12(1), 32-38.@Yes$Slavin, J.L. and Lloyd, B. (2012).@Health benefits of fruits and vegetables.@Advances in Nutrition, 3, 506-516.@Yes$Brandl, M.T. (2006).@Fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for food safety.@Annu Rev Phytopathol, 44, 367-392.@Yes$Teplitski, M., Barak, J.D., and Schneider, K.R. (2009).@Human enteric pathogens in produce: un-answered ecological questions with direct implications for food safety.@Curr Opin Biotechnol, 20, 166-171.@Yes$Holden, N., Pritchard, L. and Toth, I. (2009).@Colonization outwith the colon: plants as an alternative environmental reservoir for human pathogenic enterobacteria.@FEMS Microbiol Rev, 33, 689-703.@Yes$Barak, J.D. and Schroeder, B.K. (2012).@Interrelationships of food safety and plant pathology: the life cycle of human pathogens on plants.@Annu Rev Phytopathol, 50, 241-266.@Yes$Farming Leafy Greens (2019).@California Leafy Green Products Handler Marketing Agreement (LGMA).@https://lgma.ca.gov/about-us/farming-leafy-greens/.@No$Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018).@Multistate Outbreak of E. coli O157: H7 Infections Linked to Romaine Lettuce-Case Count Maps.@@Yes$Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018).@Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 Infections Linked to Leafy Greens, Case Count Maps.@@No$Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018).@The outbreak of E. coli Infections Linked to Romaine Lettuce-Timeline of Reported Cases.@@No$Herman, K.M.; Hall, A.J. and Gould, L.H. (2015).@Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973-2012.@Epidemiol. Infect., 143, 3011-3021.@Yes$Kisluk, G., and Yaron, S. (2012).@Presence and persistence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of spray-irrigated parsley.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 78, 4030-4036.@Yes$Wright, K.M., Chapman, S., Mc Geachy, K., Humphris, S., Campbell, E., Toth, I.K., and Holden, N.J. (2013).@The endophytic lifestyle of Escherichia coli O157: H7: quantification and internal localization in roots.@Phytopathology, 103, 333-340.@Yes$Zheng, J., Allard, S., Reynolds, S., Millner, P., Arce, G., Blodgett, R.J., and Brown, E.W. (2013).@Colonization and internalization of Salmonella enterica in tomato plants.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 79, 2494-2502.@Yes$Brandl, M.T., and Mandrell, R.E. (2002).@Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the cilantro phyllosphere.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, 3614-3621.@Yes$Harapas, D., Premier, R., Tomkins, B., Franz, P., and Ajlouni, S. (2010).@Persistence of Escherichia coli on injured vegetable plants.@Int J Food Microbiol, 138, 232-237.@Yes$Schikora, A., Carreri, A., Charpentier, E., and Hirt, H. (2008).@The dark side of the salad: Salmonella typhimurium overcomes the innate immune response of Arabidopsis thaliana and shows an enteropathogenic lifestyle.@PLoS One, 3, 2279.@Yes$Warriner, K., and Namvar, A. (2010).@The tricks learned by human enteric pathogens from phytopathogens to persist within the plant environment.@Curr Opin Biotechnol, 21, 131-136.@Yes$Su, L.H., and Chiu, C.H. (2007).@Salmonella: clinical importance and evolution of nomenclature.@Chang Gung Med J, 30, 210-219.@Yes$Lan, R., Reeves, P.R., and Octavia, S. (2009).@Population structure, origins, and evolution of major Salmonella enterica clones.@Infect Genet Evol, 9, 996-1005.@Yes$Sivapalasingam, S., Friedman, C.R., Cohen, L., and Tauxe, R.V. (2004).@Fresh produce: a growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997.@J Food Prot, 67, 2342-2353.@Yes$Mahon, B.E., Ponka, A., Hall, W.N., Komatsu, K., Dietrich, S.E., Siitonen, A., et al. (1997).@An international outbreak of Salmonella infections caused by alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds.@J Infect Dis, 175, 876-882.@Yes$Winthrop, K.L., Palumbo, M.S., Farrar, J.A., Mohle-Boetani, J.C., Abbott, S., Beatty, M.E., et al. (2003).@Alfalfa sprouts and Salmonella Kottbus infection: a multistate outbreak following inadequate seed disinfection with heat and chlorine.@J Food Prot, 66, 13-17.@Yes$OMahony, M., Cowden, J., Smyth, B., Lynch, D., Hall, M., Rowe, B., et al. (1990).@An outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection associated with bean sprouts.@Epidemiol Infec,t 104, 229-235.@Yes$Campbell, J.V., Mohle-Boetani, J., Reporter, R., Abbott, S., Farrar, J., Brandl, M., et al. (2001).@An outbreak of Salmonella serotype Thompson associated with fresh cilantro.@J Infect Dis, 183, 984-987.@Yes$Horby, P.W., OBrien, S.J., Adak, G.K., Graham, C., Hawker, J.I., Hunter, P., et al. (2003).@A national outbreak of multi resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 associated with the consumption of lettuce.@Epidemiol Infect, 130, 169-178.@Yes$Mohle-Boetani, J.C., Reporter, R., Werner, S.B., Abbott, S., Farrar, J., Waterman, S.H., and Vugia, D.J. (1999).@An outbreak of Salmonella serogroup Saphra due to cantaloupes from Mexico.@J Infect Dis, 180, 1361-1364.@Yes$Guo, X., Chen, J., Brackett, R.E., and Beuchat, L.R. (2001).@Survival of salmonellae on and in tomato plants from the time of inoculation at flowering and early stages of fruit development through fruit ripening.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 67, 4760-4764.@Yes$Hamilton, A.J., Stagnitti, F., Premier, R., Boland, A.M., and Hale, G. (2006).@Quantitative microbial risk assessment models for the consumption of raw vegetables irrigated with reclaimed water.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 72, 3284-3290.@Yes$Tyrrel, S.F., Knox, J.W., Weatherhead, E.K. (2006).@Microbiological water quality requirements for salad irrigation in the United Kingdom.@J Food Prot, 69, 2029-2035.@Yes$Sivapalasingam, S., Barrett, E., Kimura, A., Van Duyne, S., De Witt, W., Ying, M., et al. (2003).@A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport infection linked to mango consumption: impact of water-dip disinfestations technology.@Clin Infect Dis, 37, 1585-1590.@Yes$Beuchat, L.R., and Ryu, J.H. (1997).@Produce handling and processing practices.@Emerg Infect Dis, 3, 459-465.@Yes$Roever, C.D. (1998).@Microbiological safety evaluations and recommendations on fresh produce.@Food Control, 9, 321-347.@Yes$Natvig, E.E., Ingham, S.C., Ingham, B.H., Cooperband, L.R., and Roper, T.R. (2002).@Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli contamination of root and leaf vegetables grown in soils with incorporated bovine manure.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, 2737-2744.@Yes$Santamaria, J., and Toranzos, G.A. (2003).@Enteric pathogens and soil: a short review.@Int Microbiol, 6, 5-9.@Yes$Rice, D.H., Hancock, D.D., and Besser, T.E. (1995).@Verotoxigenic E. coli O157 colonization of wild deer and range cattle.@Vet Rec, 137, 524.@Yes$Ackers, M.L., Mahon, B.E., Leahy, E., Goode, B., Damrow, T., Hayes, P.S., et al. (1998).@An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infections associated with leaf lettuce consumption.@J Infect Dis, 177, 1588-1593.@Yes$Iwasa, M., Makino, S., Asakura, H., Kobori, H., and Morimoto, Y. (1999).@Detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 from Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at a cattle farm in Japan.@J Med Entomol, 36, 108-112.@Yes$Sela, S., Nestel, D., Pinto, R., Nemny-Lavy, E., and Bar-Joseph, M. (2005).@Mediterranean fruit fly as a potential vector of bacterial pathogens.@Appl Environ Microbiol, 71, 4052-4056.@Yes$Talley, J.L., Wayadande, A.C., Wasala, L.P., Gerry, A.C., Fletcher, J., DeSilva, U., and Gilliland, S.E. (2009).@Association of Escherichia coli O157: H7 with filth flies (Muscidae and Calliphoridae) captured in leafy greens fields and experimental transmission of E. coli O157: H7 to spinach leaves by house flies (Diptera: Muscidae).@J Food Prot, 72, 1547-1552.@Yes$Wachtel, M.R., and Charkowski, A.O. (2002).@Cross-contamination of lettuce with Escherichia coli O157: H7.@J Food Prot, 65, 465-470.@Yes$Kroupitski, Y., Pinto, R., Brandl, M.T., Belausov, E., and Sela, S. (2009).@Interactions of Salmonella enterica with lettuce leaves.@J Appl Microbiol, 106, 1876-1885.@Yes$Singh, B.R., Singh, P., Agrawal, S., Teotia, U.V.S., Verma, A., Sharma, S., Chandra, M., Babu, N. and Kant Agarwal, R. (2007).@Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in Coriander, mint, carrot, and radish in Bareilly and Kanpur, northern India.@Foodborne Pathog Dis, 4, 233-240.@Yes$Mritunjay, S.K., and Kumar, V. (2017).@A study on the prevalence of microbial contamination on the surface of raw salad vegetables.@3, Biotech, 7, 13.@Yes$Viswanathan, P., and Kaur, R. (2001).@Prevalence and growth of pathogens on salad vegetables, fruits, and sprouts.@Int J Hyg Environ Health, 203, 205-213.@Yes$Abadias, M., Usall, J., Anguera, M., Solsona, C., and Viñas, I. (2008).@Microbiological quality of fresh, minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, and sprouts from retail establishments.@Int J Food Microbiol, 123(1), 121-129.@Yes$Vojkovská, H, Myšková, Gelbíčová, T, Skočková, A, Koláčková, I and Karpíšková, R (2017).@Occurrence and characterization of food-borne pathogens isolated from fruit, vegetables, and sprouts retailed in the Czech Republic.@Food Microbiology, 63, 147-152.@Yes$Burnett, S.L., and Beuchat, L.R. (2001).@Human pathogens are associated with raw produce and unpasteurized juices, and difficulties in decontamination.@J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 27, 104-110.@Yes$Sapers, G.M. (2001).@Efficacy of washing and sanitizing methods for disinfection of fresh fruit and vegetable products.@Food Technol Biotechnol, 39(4).@Yes <#LINE#>Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from medical students of some Nigerian teaching hospitals<#LINE#>Etim Marylene @E.,Eze Chinwe @C.,Ikeanumba Michael @O.,Adieze Ifechukwu @E. <#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria@Department of Biology, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria<#LINE#>6/4/2020<#LINE#>10/8/2020<#LINE#>The antimicrobial resistance or otherwise of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from medical students of some South Eastern Nigerian Universities were determined. Swab samples were obtained from the students and were cultured for CoNS using standard microbiological methods. Isolates obtained were assayed for antibiotic resistance using disc diffusion method. MecA and blaZ genes on 533bp and 510bp respectively, of the isolates were amplify using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Fingerprinting of isolates genomes was also conducted by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Results obtained showed that of the 200 students screened, 26 (13.0%) harbour CoNS. Observed resistance against the tested antimicrobials were as follows; trimethoprim (100%), oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin (88.5%), clindamycin (61.5%), ciprofloxacin (57.7%), erythromycin and vancomycin (15.4%), and nitrofurantoin (0%). All the isolates showed multi-drug resistance to at least four antibiotics assessed. PCR amplification yielded no antibiotic resistant gene and fingerprinting by RAPD revealed that the isolates were not genetically related. The elevated level of resistance among isolated CoNS to the antimicrobials studied is of great concern. The isolates can serve as reservoirs of resistance determinants that can be transmitted to pathogens. The spread of CoNS can however be prevented by effective infection control measures. This study underlines the necessity for policies on the use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, and the development and enforcement of measures that will prevent the spread of CoNS in Nigerian hospitals. It also calls for periodic studies for the evaluation of current resistance patterns of CoNS.<#LINE#>Baragundi, M. C., Solabannavar, S. S., Gokale, S. K. and Sonth, S.B. (2012).@Methicillin and multidrug resistant coagulase negative staphylococcal nasal carriage in medical students.@J. Commun. Dis., 44(4), 231-7.@Yes$Oliveira, F. and Cerca, N. (2013).@Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability among coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy individuals from Portugal.@J Antibiot., 66, 739-741.@Yes$Kloos, W.E. and Bannerman, T.L. (1994).@Update on clinical significance of coagulase negative staphylococci.@Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 7, 117-140.@Yes$Von-Eiff, C., Becker, K., Machka, K. and Peters, G. (2001).@Nasal carriage as a source of S. aureus bacteremia.@N. Engl. J. Med., 344, 11-16.@Yes$Richards, M. J., Edwards, J. R., Culver D. H. and Gaynes, R. P. (1999).@Nosocomial Infections in Medical Intensive Care Units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.@Crit Care Med., 27(5), 887.@Yes$Otto, M. (2008).@Staphylococcal biofilms.@Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 322, 207-228.@Yes$Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Schmitz, F. J., Smayevsky, J., Bell, J., Jones, R. N. and Beach, M. (2001).@Survey of Infections Due to Staphylococcus Species: Frequency of Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates Collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific Region for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999.@Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32(2), S114-S132.@Yes$Murray, P.R., Rosenthal, K.S. and Pfaller, M.A. (2009).@Medical Microbiology.@6th Ed., Mosby Elsevier.@Yes$Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W. M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966).@Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.@American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496.@Yes$Wayne, P. A. (2012).@Clinical and laboratory standards: Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests.@@Yes$Sambrook, J., Fritschi, E.F. and Maniatis, T. (1989).@Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual.@Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.@Yes$Murakami, K., Minamide, W., Wada, K., Nakamura, E. Teraoka, H. and Watanabe, S. (1991).@Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 29(10), 2240-2244.@Yes$Del Vecchio, V. G., Petroziello, J. M., Gress, M. J., Mc Cleskey, F. K., Melcher, G. P., Crouch, H. K. and Lupski, J. R. (1995).@Molecular genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via fluorophore-enhanced repetitive-sequence PCR.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33(8), 2141-2144.@Yes$Casey, P.G., Gardiner, G.E., Casey, G., Bradshaw, B., Lawlor, P. G., Lynch, P. B., Leonard, F. C., Stanton, C., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F. and Hill, C. (2007).@A Five-Strain Probiotic Combination Reduces Pathogen Shedding and Alleviates Disease Signs in Pigs Challenged with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(6) 1858-1863.@Yes$Akinjogunla, O.J., Ajayi, A.O. and Ekeh, N.O. (2014).@Virulence factors and Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus spp from the Anterior Nares of Apparently Healthy Undergraduate Students in Uyo.@American Journal of Research Communication, 2(11).@Yes$Wos-Oxley, M.L., Plumeier, I. and Pieper, D.H. (2010).@A poke into the diversity and associations within human anterior nare microbial communities.@ISME J, 4, 839-851.@Yes$Silva, F.R., Mattos, E.M., Coimbra, M.V. and Figueiredo, A.M. (2001).@Isolation and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from nasal flora of healthy humans at three community institutions in Rio de Janeiro City.@Epidemiol Infect., 127, 57-62.@Yes$Nakamura, M.M., McAdam, A.J., Sandora, T.J. and Lee, G.M. (2010).@Higher prevalence of pharyngeal than nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pediatric intensive care units.@J. Clin. Microbiol., 48, 2957-2959.@Yes$Garcıa -Rodrıguez, J.A. and Fresnadillo, M.J. (2002).@Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens.@J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50, 59-74.@Yes$Ekrem, K. and Meltem, Y. C. (2006).@Comparison of Staphylococcal Beta-lactamase detection methods.@J Pharm Sci., 31, 79-84.@Yes$Singhal, R., Dhawan, S., Mohanty, S., Sood, S., Kapil, A. and Dhawan, B. (2006).@Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in a tertiary care hospital.@Ind. J Med Res., 123, 569-570.@No$Udo, E E., Jacob, L. E. and Chugh, T. D. (2009).@Antimicrobial resistance of Coagulase -negative Staphylococci from a Kuwait hospital.@Microb Drug Resist., 1, 315-320.@Yes$Mohan. V., Jindal, N. and Aggarwal, P. (2002).@Species distribution and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens.@Ind. J. Med. Microbiol., 20, 45-46.@No$Tiwari, H. K. and Sen, M. R. (2006).@Emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from a tertiary care hospital from northern part of India.@BMC Infect Dis., 6, 156.@Yes$Menesez, G. A., Harish, B. N., Sujatha, S., Vinathini, K., Parija, S. C. (2008).@Emergence of vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus species in southern India.@J. Clin. Microbiol., 57, 911-912.@Yes$Ogbulie, Jude N., Adieze, Ifechukwu E. and Nwankwo, Ngozi C. (2008).@Susceptibility pattern of some clinical bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics and disinfectants.@Polish Journal of Microbiology, 57(3) 199-204.@Yes$Nahaei, M. R., Shahmohammadi, M. R., Ebrahimi, S. and Milani, M. (2015).@Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Surveillance of Antibacterial Resistance in a Multi-Center Study from Iran.@Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 8(8), e19945.@Yes$Krumpermann, P. H. (1983).@Multiple antibiotics resistance indexing of E. coli to Identify high risks sources of faecal contamination of foods.@Appl Environ. Microbiol., 46, 165-170.@No$Goyal, R., Singh, N.P., Kumar, A., Kaur, I., Singh, M and Sumita, N. (2006).@Simple and economical methods of speciation and resistotyping of clinically significant Coagulase-negative Staphylococci.@Ind. J. Med. Microbiol., 24, 201-204.@Yes$Patricia, A. K., Shashikala, Sheela, D. C., Srinivasan, S., Reba, K. (2007).@Profile of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci associated with infections in a tertiary care hospital.@Biomed., 21, 28.@No$Rodríguez-Noriega, E., and Seas, C. (2010).@The changing pattern of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones in Latin America: implications for clinical practice in the region.@Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702010000800004@Yes <#LINE#>Biochemical and antimicrobial analysis of Phellinus phomaceus from Melghat forest of Amravati MS<#LINE#>Dilip @Hande,Athar Sifal @M. <#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-024.pdf<#LINE#>P.G. Department of Botany Shri Shivaji Science College Amaravati, Dist. Amaravati-44603, MS, India@P.G. Department of Botany Shri Shivaji Science College Amaravati, Dist. Amaravati-44603, MS, India<#LINE#>22/4/2020<#LINE#>9/8/2020<#LINE#>The present paper includes Hymenochaetaceous macrofungi Phellinus phomaceus from melghat forest Maharashtra, India. Author collected many interesting and rare macrofungi out of which Phellinus phomaceus selected here for further studies. Morphotaxonomy of the macrofungi studied. Extraction of primary and secondary metabolites for the biochemical analysis carried out and antimicrobial potential also investigated. The mycelium, gills and stipe extracted and used for antimicrobial test carried out by Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. The study results that Phellinus phomaceus showed antimicrobial activities.<#LINE#>Kotlaba, F. and Pouzar, Z. (1957),@Poznámky k třídění evropských chorošů.@Notes on classification of European pore fungi.-Česká Mykol. Praha, 11, 152-170.@Yes$Ryvarden, L. (1991).@Genera of polypores, nomenclature and taxonomy.@Synopsis Fungorum, 5, 1-373.@Yes$Parmasto, E. (1985).@The species concept in Hymenochaetaceae (Fungi, Hymenomycetes).@Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Sciences), 94, 369-380.@Yes$Donk M.A. (1964).@A Conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales.@Persoonia, 3, 199-324.@Yes$Talbot PHB (1973).@Studies of some South African resupinate Hymenomycetes-II.@Bothalia, 7, 131-187.@Yes$Alexopoulos C.J., C.W. Mims and M. Blackwell (2008).@Introductory mycology.@Wiley, New York, New York, USA. 1422-1432.@Yes$Wisitrassameewong K, Karunarathan SC, Thongklang N, Zhao R, Callac P, Moukha S, Ferandon C, Chukeatirote E & Hyde KD (2012).@Agaricus subrufesens: A Review.@Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19, 131-146.@Yes$Mourao F, Umeo SH, Benetati M, Berteli D, Lourenco EL, Junior AG, Takemura OS, Linde GA & Colauto NB (2011).@Anti-inflammatory activity of Agaricus blazei in different basidiocarp maturation phases.@Food and Agricultural immunology, 22, 325-333.@Yes$Yamac M & Bilgili F (2006).@Antimicrobial activities of fruit bodies and/ or mycelial cultures of some mushroom isolates.@Pharmaceutical Biology, 44, 660-667.@Yes$Guler P, Akata I & Kutluer F (2009).@Antifungal activity of Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr) Karst and Lactarious vellereus (Pers) Fr.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 3811-3813.@Yes$David OM, Fagbohun ED, Oluyege AO & Adegbuyi A (2012).@Antimicrobial activity and Physicochemical Properties of oils from marofungi.@Journal of Yeast and Fungi Research, 3, 1-6.@Yes$Sonawane H, Bhosle S & Garad S (2012).@Antimicrobial activity of some species of Phellinus and Ganoderma sample from Western Ghats of India.@International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3, 1795-1799.@Yes$Cho EJ, Hwang HJ, Kim SW, Oh JY, Baek YM, Choi JW, Bae SH & Yun JW (2007).@Hypoglycemic effects of exoploysaccharides produced by mycelial culture of two different mushrooms Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii in ob/ob mice.@Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 75, 1257-1265.@Yes$Khatun S, Islam A, Cakilcioglu U & Chatterjee NC (2012).@Research on Mushrooms as a Potential source of Nutraceuticals: A Reviewon Indian Prespective.@American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2, 47-73.@Yes$Altuner EM & Akata I (2010).@Antimicrobial Activity of Some Macrofungi Extracts.@SAU. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14, 45-49.@Yes$Belsare MH, Bapat GS, Ranadive KR, Vaidya JG & Deokule SS (2010).@In-vitro Susceptibility testing of some Phellinus species against Acinetobacter baumannii from Maharashtra India.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4, 1335-1338.@Yes$Kodiyalmath JK & Krishnappa M (2017).@Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A Curtis.) with their wild collections from Western Ghats of India.@Tropical Plant Research, 4(2), 351-357.@Yes$Atri N. S., Kaur A. & Kour H. (2005).@Wild Mushrooms -Collection and Identification: In Frontiers in Mushroom Biotechnology (R.D. Rai, R.C. Upadhyay and S.R. Sharma, Eds.).@National Research Centre for Mushrooms (ICAR), Chambaghat, Solan, Pp. 10-26.@No$Jung, Ga Hyeon KMD and Kang, Jae Hui KMD (2020).@Efficacy of Phellinus linteus (sanghuang) extract for improving immune functions. Study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial Medicine.@Volume 99 -Issue 3 doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000018829@Yes$Harborne J.B. (1983).@Phytochemical methods.@Chappman and Hall publ. 282pp.@No <#LINE#>Biodiversity of aquatic and riparian zone within an urban ecosystem -Unkal nalla of Hubbli, Dharwad, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Akshay @Pandirkar,Alok @Kumar <#LINE#>25-44<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-027.pdf<#LINE#>Environment & Ecology Department, Tata Consulting Engineers, Unit No. NB 1502 & SB -1501, 15th floor, Empire Tower, Cloud City Campus, Kalwa Industrial Estate, Thane, Belapur Rd, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400708@Environment & Ecology Department, Tata Consulting Engineers, Unit No. NB 1502 & SB -1501, 15th floor, Empire Tower, Cloud City Campus, Kalwa Industrial Estate, Thane, Belapur Rd, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400708<#LINE#>6/5/2020<#LINE#>28/9/2020<#LINE#>There are very few Riparian zones in an Urban Ecosystem, which are fast dwindling and in extreme stress due to urban sprawl and environmental pollution. The present paper is about biodiversity study of Riparaian zone of Unkal Nalla of Hubbali city in Indian state of Karnataka. Riparian zones are the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem and act as a cross ecosystem flux for allochthonous resources. When compared with other habitats population density and diversity is higher in edge effect along the aquatic habitat created by ecological retort of riparian zone. Study has been conducted to understand biodiversity of the riparian zone of the Unkal Nalla. The Primary objective for this study is to study the biodiversity along Nalla at its current polluted state. Area of lake from where Nalla originates is considered as control area where influence of pollution is low and biodiversity is rich. Data is compared with control area to understand the possible improvement in biodiversity of Nalla area after interventions like cleaning, landscaping, plantation etc. The biodiversity study was undertaken by survey of 18 locations along the Nalla (Stretch of about 10km) and lake. Quadrate and transect method were used for assessment of flora and fauna of the locations. This has yielded in 72 species of plants and 53 species of birds. It can be seen that the Nalla with polluted water and low floral diversity have low faunal diversity. Authors also have proposed interventions to improve the quality of biodiversity in the study area.<#LINE#>Xiang H., Zhang Y. & Richardson J. (2016).@Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface.@Riparian Ecology and Conservation, 3, 1-17.@Yes$Décamps H. & Naiman R.J. (1990).@The Ecology and Management of Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones.@1st ed.; Taylor & Francis: London, UK. pp 1-136ISBN-10: 1850702713@Yes$Ren, Q., Li, C., Yang, W., Song, H., Ma, P., Wang, C., ... & Morreale, S. J. (2018).@Revegetation of the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir leads to increased soil bacterial diversity.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(24), 23748-23763.@Yes$Arif, M., Zhang, S., Jie, Z., Charles, W., Sanelisiwe Mzondi, P., & Li, C. (2020).@Evaluating the Effects of Pressure Indicators on Riparian Zone Health Conditions in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir.@China. Forests, 11(2), 214.@Yes$Gregory S.V., Swansosn F.J., McKee W.A. and Cummins K.W., (1991).@An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones: focus on links between land and water.@Bioscience, 41(8). 540-551.@Yes$V. Iakovoglou, G.N. Zaimes & D. Gounaridis. (2012).@Managing Healthy Riparian Areas in Urban Settings of Greece to Improve Living Conditions Conference for Protection and restoration of the environment XI: Sustainable architecture and planning.@pp 2169-2178.@Yes$Schultz R.C., Colletti J.P., Isenhart T.M., Marquez C.O., Simpkins W.W., Ball C.J. & Schultz O.L. (2000).@Riparian Forest Buffer Practices. In North American Agroforestry -An integrated science and practice.@WI: American Society of Agronomy. pp.189-281.@Yes$McDonell M.J. & Picket S.T.A. (1990).@Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients -An unexploited opportunity for ecology,@Ecology, 71, PP. 1232-1237.@Yes$Sunil C., Kalegowda R., Badenahally S. & Nagaraja Bc.. (2016).@Diversity and composition of riparian vegetation across forest and agroeco system landscapes of river Cauvery, southern India.@Tropical Ecology, 57(2), 343-354.@Yes$Jisha K. & Nair M. C., (2018).@Diversity Analysis of Angiosperms In Riparian System Along Thuppanad River, Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India.@Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(9), 531-539.@No$Patten D.T. (1998).@Riparian ecosyetems of semi-arid North America: diversity and human impacts.@Wetlands, 18, 498-512.@Yes$Wohl E. (2017).@The significance of small streams.@Front. Earth Sci. 11.@Yes$Rodrigues, V.; Estrany, J.; Ranzini, M.; de Cicco, V.; Martín-Benito, J.M.T.; Hedo, J. and Lucas-Borja, M.E. (2018).@Effects of land use and seasonality on stream water quality in a small tropical catchment: The headwater of Córrego água Limpa, São Paulo (Brazil).@Sci. Total Environ., 622-623.@Yes$Shiyi G., Chang S., Kaoru S., Jiexin T. & Toru T. (2019).@Bird Communities in Urban Riparian Areas: Response to the Local-and Landscape-Scale Environmental Variables.@Forests, 10, 683.@Yes$Karnataka Biodiversity Board (2010).@Report on Biodiversity of Karnataka-At a Glance. Pp 1-91.@undefined@No$R. Parimala & G. R. Hegde. (2012).@Grasses of Dharwad District. International Seminar on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Angiosperm Systematics.@Systematics of Flowering Plants. pp 50-52.@No$Nadaf R.M. and Ganesh C.B. (2016).@A Study on Avifaunal Diversity Status in Lakes of Dharwad, Karnataka State.@J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth., 16 -1&2, 13-21@Yes$Ghorpadé, K. (2015).@Birds in human habitations and the case in Dharwad, northern Karnataka. Indian Birds.@10 -3&4. 71-84.@Yes$Santhoshkumar E. & Balasubramanian P. (2014).@Food Habits of Indian Grey Hornbill Ocycerosbirostris in Sathyamangalam forest Division, Eastern Ghats, India, JBNHS, V111i2. 71745.@undefined@Yes$McAleece, N., Gage J.D.G., Lambshead P.J.D. & Paterson G.L.J. (1997).@Bio Diversity Professional statistics analysis software.@V 2.0. Jointly developed by the Scottish Association for Marine Science and the Natural History Museum London. https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/ outputs/ .1997.@Yes <#LINE#>Utility of Foldscope in Biological Research<#LINE#>M. @Buragohain,N. @Kakoti,P. @Sarmah,S.R. @Mahanta,B.K. @Pegu <#LINE#>45-49<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-032.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Lakhimpur Girls College, Assam, India@Department of Chemistry, Lakhimpur Girls College, Assam, India@Department of Chemistry, Lakhimpur Girls College, Assam, India@Department of Chemistry, Lakhimpur Girls College, Assam, India@Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India<#LINE#>2/5/2020<#LINE#>2/9/2020<#LINE#>The foldscope is an origami portable and affordable microscope that can be used as a high-end frugal technology for teaching science. Our local environment is fulfilling with various microorganisms which affect our community. It is impossible to identify them at the spot without sampling in laboratory. However, this can be done in spot with the help of a foldscope. The aim of this study was to isolation bacteria from arsenic contaminaed sites of Lakhimpur districts, Assam. The study estimated that arsenic concentration in water samples of the study area found higher by (0.26±0.04mg/L) than the permissible limit as prescribed by WHO. Total 10th morphologically completely different arsenic resistant bacteria isolated from water samples bacterial cultures were observed by performing staining at various time intervals. The slide was placed in the foldscope interfaced with a mobile phone. After staining the cells were observed under foldscope and recorded the images.<#LINE#>Coxworth B. (2014).@Folding paper microscope could reduce deaths from malaria.@Gizmag, Retrieved 13 March 2014.@No$Cybulski, J. S., Clements, J. and Prakash, M. (2014).@Foldscope: origami-based paper microscope.@PloS one, 9(6), e98781.@Yes$Coxworth, B. (2015).@A Microscope to Save the World.@The New Yorker, Retrieved, 22-12-2015.@No$Prakash, B., Khedkar, G. D., Jeevan, S. P. Prakash, K. E. and Prabhu, V. (2019).@Public participation in mitigating water borne diseases using fold scope as a tool in tribal region of Dakshina Kannada.@published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp.18-23. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@No$Lhanjey P., Wangdi, A. Pradhan and Mangar S. (2019).@Foldscope as a research tool in the diagnosis of fungal leaf spot diseases in Sikkim.@Research communication, published on 26-07-2019.@Yes$A. S. M. Waliullah (2018).@Feasibility study on blood cell counting using mobile phone-based portable microscope.@International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 4(3), 76-79. DOI: 10.31878/ijcbr.2018.43.16.@Yes$Kumar, R and Prasad, K. (2019).@Determination of white blood cells using Foldscope with Smartphone.@International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 5(4), 10-13. Sumathi Publications; DOI: 10.31878/ijcbr; 03.@Yes$Shailaja, M. Jolitha, A.B., Divya, G.E., Ranjitha, A., Preethi, R. A. Neelima M. G. and Suneetha, P. (2019).@Malaria parasite detection-Employability of foldscope in malarial diagnosis.@International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 6(2), 248-255. DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs.@No$Jayateertha, D., Kashappa, C., Suma, T. C., Mahadevaswamy, Y. S., Amaresh, P. R., Prasad, B. and Lokesh, R. (2018).@Assessment of Agro Biodiversity through the foldscope.@Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany, International Conference; 15-16 November, 2018. DOI: 10.4066/2591-7897-C1-002.@No$Buragohain, M., Kakoti, N., Sarmah, P. and Pegu, B. K. (2019).@Foldscope as a diagnostic tool: A case study in Lakhimpur district of Assam.@Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 9(2), 173-179. DOI: 10.24214/jcbps.D.9.2.17379.@No$Buragohain, M., Kakoti, N., Sarmah, P. and Pegu, B. K. (2019).@Foldscopic and Microscopic view of bacteria: A comparative study in water samples of Lakhimpur district, Assam (India).@International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research, 8(3), 1-3.@Yes$Sharma, I. Gogoi, G. and Hazarika, P. (2019).@Biofilm producing organisms and their antibiotic resistance: A Foldscope approach.@Published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp 87-94. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@No$Rathod, D. (2019).@Foldscope: An Educational cum Research tool used in identification of Microorganisms from waste water.@published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp 29-31. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@No$Mastanamma, T., Bindu, H. and Das, S. (2019).@Foldscope as a tool to create awareness about hygiene and involvement of microbes among street food vendors and consumers.@Published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp 39-47. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@No$Juvatkar, P. V., Kale, M. K., Khan, N., Gorde, N., Waghulde, S. and Gokhale, S. (2019). Study of morphology, Histology, Powder characteristic of some drug by using Foldscope as a Research tool, Published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp 39-47. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@undefined@undefined@No$Gogoi, M. and Saikia, D. (2019).@Foldscope: Low cost paper microscope for environmental monitoring, Published in edited book entitled Foldscope and its Applications, Published by National Press Associates, New Delhi, pp 169-174. ISBN No: 978-93-85835-68-1.@undefined@No$Govt. of Assam (2017).@Statistical Hand Book.@Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Assam, Guwahati-28.@No$WHO (2017).@Guidelines for drinking-water quality; 4th Edition; incorporating the first addendum.@Geneva: World Health Organization.@Yes <#LINE#>Potassium-based fertilizer potentially reduces the incidence of sucking insects on okra and increases marketable yield<#LINE#>Tomalika @Saha,Masum @Ahmad,Gopal @Das <#LINE#>50-58<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-039.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh@Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh@Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh<#LINE#>25/6/2020<#LINE#>4/10/2020<#LINE#>Plant nutrition has a substantial role on the susceptibility of plants to sucking insect pests. Hemipteran insects are very much sensitive to plant nutritional profiles. Higher than recommended level of P and K-based fertilizers would be the potential alternate of conventional insecticides for managing sucking insects in field condition. Therefore, in the present study, 10-30% higher amount of N, P and K-based fertilizers in addition with recommended doses were evaluated on the pest density of sucking insects like jassids, whiteflies and aphids on okra at different time of the study period. After given each specific treatment, data were recorded on number of sucking insects per leaf, number of curled leaves per plant and uninfested yield of okra. According to the reuslts, 30% extra application of K-based fertilizers remarkably reduced pest population density, curled leaf formation and increased yield compared to control (recommended doses of K) that was followed by 20% extra K. Application of 10% extra K was found less effective compared to 20 or 30% K. In case of phosphorus fertilizer, only 30% extra P-based fertilizer in addition with recommended doses has provided good results in reducing population incidence but 10 and 20% extra application was found less effective. 30% extra application of N-based fertilizer in addition with recommended doses strongly increased population density and decreased pod yield compared to control or 10 and 20% extra N. Benefit-cost ratio analysis showed that the highest benefit or return was found when okra plants were treated with 30% extra K-based fertilizer that was followed by 30% extra P-based fertilizer. The lowest return was found from 30% extra N-based fertilizer treated plots. Hence, application of 30% extra K-based fertilizers in addition with recommended N-P-K doses would be the potential alternate of conventional chemical insecticides in managing sucking insects like jassids, whiteflies, aphids etc. in field condition.<#LINE#>Naveed A., Khan A. A. and Khan I.A. (2009).@Generation mean analysis of water stress tolerance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).@Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41, 195-205.@Yes$Sharma R.K. and Prasad K. (2010).@Classification of promising okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes based on principal component analysis.@Journal of tropical agriculture and food science, 38, 161-169.@Yes$Saifullah M. and Rabbani M.G. (2009).@Evaluation and characterization of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench genotypes.@SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 7, 92-99.@Yes$Rashid, M. M. (1999).@Shabjee Biggan (in Bengali).@Fed Edn. Rashid Publishing House, 94, 498-503.@Yes$Norman J.C. (1992).@Tropical Vegetable Crops.@Stockwell Ltd, Devon.@No$Praveen P.N., Rao S.N. and Dhandapani N. (2002).@Management of insect pests in okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.).@Journal of Vegetable Crop Production, 7, 72-79.@No$Dilruba S., Hasanuzzaman M., Karim R. and Nahar K. (2009).@Yield response of okra to different sowing time and application of growth hormones.@Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 1, 10-14.@Yes$Kalawate A. and Dethe M.D. (2006).@Bioefficacy study of biorational insecticide on brinjal.@Journal of Biopesticides, 5(1), 75-80.@Yes$Halder J., Kodandaram M.H. and Rai A.B. (2011).@Differential response of major vegetable aphids to newer insecticides molecules.@Vegetable Science, 38(2), 191-193.@Yes$Rai A. B., Loganathan M., Halder J., Venkataravanappa V. and Naik P. S. (2014).@Eco friendly approaches for sustainable management of vegetable pests.@IIVR Technical Bulletin No. 53, IIVR, Varanasi, pp. 104.@No$Kodandaram M.H., Rai A.B. and Halder J. (2010).@Novel insecticides for management of insect pests in vegetable crops: A Review.@Journal of Vegetable Science, 37(2), 109-123.@Yes$Solangi B.K. and M.K. Lohar (2007).@Effect of some Insecticides on the Population of Insect Pests and Predators on Okra.@Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(6), 620-926.@Yes$Bala K., Sood A.K., Pathania V.S. and Thakur S. (2018).@Effect of plant nutrition in insect pest management: A review.@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(4), 2737-2742.@Yes$Rostami M., Zamani A.A., Goldasteh S., Shoushtari R.V. and Kheradmand K. (2012).@Influence of nitrogen fertilization on biology of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reared on Chrysanthemum indicum (Asteraceae).@Journal of Plant Protection Research, 52(1), 118-121.@Yes$Andrew G.L., Cooke G., Meeks R.D., Dugger P. and Richter D. (2000).@The interaction of nitrogen fertilization and insect populations.@Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conference, USA 2(1), 993-996.@Yes$Bi J.L., Toscano N.C. and Madore M.A. (2003).@Effect of urea fertilizer application on soluble protein and free amino acid content of cotton petioles in relation to the silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) population.@Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29(3), 747-761.@Yes$Leal E. J., Chac R. and Sanchez G. (1997).@The effect of organic soil amendments on soil pests and crop nutrition of broccoli.@IPM CRSP, 4th Ann. Rept., Office Intl. Res. Develop., Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, 24061-0334.@Yes$Morales H., Williams R., Perfecto I. and Perez R. (1997).@Pest control and soil management in the guatemalan highlands.@CAR News 4, 1-2.@Yes$Myers D. and Stolton S. (1999).@Organic Cotton-From field to Final Production.@Intermediate Technology Publications, NY. pp. 250.@Yes$Rustamani M.A., Memon N., Leghari M.H., Dhaunroo M.N. and Sheikh S.A. (1999).@Impact of various fertilizers levels on the incidence of sucking complex in cotton.@Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 31, 323-326.@Yes$Clarke R.B. (1982).@Plant response to mineral element toxicity and deficiency.@In: MN Christiansen, C Lewis and J Wiley (Editors), Breeding Plants for Less Favorable Environments. New York. pp. 71-142.@Yes$Ayres M.P., Wilkens R.T., Ruel J.J., Lombardero M.J. and Vallery E. (2000).@Nitrogen budgets of phloem-feeding bark beetles with and without symbiotic fungi.@Ecology, 81(8), 2198-2210.@Yes$Perkins M.C., Woods H.A., Harrison J.F., and Elser J.J. (2004).@Dietary phosphorus affects the growth of larval Manduca sexta.@Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 55(3), 153-168.@Yes$Huberty A.F. and Denno R.F. (2006).@Consequences of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation for the performance of two planthoppers with divergent life-history strategies.@Oecologia, 149, 444-455.@Yes$Krauss A. (2001).@Potassium and Biotic Stress. In: The 1st Fauba Fertilizer.@IPI. Workshop on Potassium in Argentinas Agricultural System, Buenos Aires, Argentina.@Yes$Facknath S. and Lalljee B. (2005).@Effect of soil-applied complex fertiliser on an insect -host plant relationship: Liriomyza trifoliion Solanum tuberosum.@Entomologia Experimentaliset Applicata, 15(1), 67-77.@Yes$Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S. and Dean L.A. (1954).@Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with NaHCO3.@USDA Cir. 939. U.S. Washington.@Yes$Gao X.S., Xiao Y., Deng L.J., Li Q.Q., Wang C.Q., Li B., Deng O.P. and Zeng M. (2019).@Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Renshou County of Sichuan Basin, China.@Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2), 279-289.@Yes$Singh V. and Sood A.K. (2017).@Plant Nutrition: A tool for the management of hemipteran insect-pests-A review.@Journals of Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 38, 260-270.@Yes$Rashid M.M., Jahan M. and Islam K.S. (2016).@Impact of nitrogen, phosphoris and potassium on brown planthopper and tolerance of its host rice plants.@Rice Science, 23, 119-131.@Yes$Pandey A.K. (2010).@Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash on mustard aphid and yield attributing characters of mustard in cold arid region (Ladakh).@Indian Journal of Entomology, 72(2), 117-121.@Yes$Huberty A.F. and Denno R.F. (2006).@Consequences of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation for the performance of two planthoppers with divergent life-history strategies.@Oecologia, 149, 444-455.@Yes$Perrenoud S. (1990).@Potassium and plant health.@2nd ed. International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland.@Yes <#LINE#>Identifying the Major Insect Pollinators of Allium cepa Flowers in Selected Gardens of Kano State, Nigeria<#LINE#>Abdullahi, @J.M.,Abdullahi @N. <#LINE#>59-63<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-045.pdf<#LINE#>Biology Department, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil @Biological Science Department, Bayero University Kano<#LINE#>9/7/2020<#LINE#>26/10/2020<#LINE#>A field experiment was conducted to assess the major insect pollinators of Allium. cepa seed plantations based on visitation frequency. The study was conducted in three selected gardens in Kano State, Nigeria. Ten umbels were randomly selected; for the observation of insects composition and abundance visiting the flowers by counting and recording the identity of every insect seen on the flower for 15 minutes. The observations were done for one month at weekly interval, from mid March, 2020 to mid April, 2020. A total of twelve observations were made, four from each garden. The results of study shows that Yanbukar garden has the highest significant (p<0.05) number of insects visiting A.cepa flower while Anisoptera and Coccinellidae are not found there. The least significant (p<0.05) number of insects on the flowers were recorded on Darmanawa garden with Caelifera and Anisoptera absent. However, Diptera has the highest significant (p<0.05) number recorded among the other insects. This was followed by Apis which was also significantly high (p<0.05) as compared to other insects. The Poisson distribution fit of model also indicated that there many number Diptera and Apis in the observations than the model will predict. Therefore, Diptera have highest visitation frequencies as compared to Apis on A. cepa seed plantation and this is a crucial component in evaluating pollination activity of a pollinator.<#LINE#>Kavitha, S.J. and Rami Reddy, P.V (2018).@Floral biology and pollination ecology of onion (Allium cepa L.).@Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 2081-2084.@Yes$Devi, S., Gulati, R., Tehri, K. and Asha (2014).@Diversity and abundance of insect pollinators on Allium cepa L.@Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2(6), 34-38.@Yes$Banik (1990).@Role of pollinating agents on seed production of shallot onion.@Bangladesh. J. Plant Breeding and Genetics, 3, 15-22.@Yes$Żuraw B., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Laskowska H. and Pogroszewska E. (2010).@The location of nectaries and nectar secretion in the flowers of Allium giganteum REGEL.@Acta Agrobot, 63(2), 33-40.@Yes$Sunitha Devi, Gulati R, Tehri and K, Poonia A. (2015).@The pollination biology of onion (Allium cepa L.) -a review.@Agric. Rev., 36, 1-13.@Yes$Abrol D.P. (1990).@Energetics of nectar production in some apple cultivars as a predictor of floral choice by honey bee.@Trop Ecol, 31, 116-122.@Yes$Herrera, C.M. (1989).@Pollinator abundance, morphology and flower visitation rate: analysis of the quantity component in a plant-pollinator system.@Oecologia, 80, 241-248.@Yes$Roubik, D.W. (1995).@Pollination of cultivated plant in the tropics.@FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 118 p. 105.@Yes$Sajjad A., Saeed S., and Masood A. (2008).@Pollinator community of onion (Allium cepa L.) and its role in crop reproductive success.@Pakistan J Zoo, 40, 451-456.@Yes$Shafqat A.S. and Masood S.A. (2008).@Pollinator community of onion (Allium cepa L.) and its role in crop reproductive success.@Pakistan J Zool, 40, 451-456.@Yes$Saeed A., Muhammad T., Karim A., Jabbar A. and Ahmad G. (2008).@Effect of pollinators and insecticides on seed setting of onion (Allium cepa L.).@Ann Appl Boi, 130(3), 497-506.@No @Short Communication <#LINE#>Ethnomedicines for jaundice used in tribal areas of Rajouri district union territory, Jammu and Kashmir-India<#LINE#>Tahir @Mahmood,Aquib @Majeed <#LINE#>64-70<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-013.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Biodiversity Studies Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234-Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir, India@Centre for Biodiversity Studies Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234-Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir, India<#LINE#>7/3/2020<#LINE#>16/10/2020<#LINE#>Ethnomedicinal study was conducted in hilly areas of Rajouri district Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir India. Till today, Gujjar Bakarwal tribes are exclusively dependent on forest. They have own system of herbal medicines. Information on 24 Plants species of 21 angiosperm families which are traditionally used as medicines to cure (Jaundice) were collected. The plants parts used, traditional preparation and does for administration are given in the present paper.<#LINE#>Rashid, A., and Anand, V. K. (2008).@Medicinal plant biodiversity in India, resources utilization and conservation aspects.@Environment conservation Journal, 09, (1-2), 59-66.@Yes$Pant, S., and Verma, S. (2008).@Ethnomedicinal note on tree species of Pir Panjal Biodiversity park of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.@Ethnomedicinal leaflets, 12, 404-412.@Yes$Rashid, A,. Anand V.K. and Sarwar J. (2008).@Less known wild edible plants used by the Gujjar tribe of district rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir State India.@International Journal of Botany, 12, 219-224.@Yes$Rashid, A. (2012).@Plant diversity used for traditional phototherapy of rheumatism by the Gujjar-Bakarwal tribes of district rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir State.@Asian Journal of experimental biological Science, 3, 816-821.@Yes$Rashid, A., (2013).@Ethnomedicinal plants used in the traditional phototherapy of chest diseases by the Gujjar-Bakarwal tribe of district rajouri of Jammu and Kashmir State.@International Journal of Pharmaceutal Science and research, 4(1), 328-333.@Yes$Mahmood, T. and Kadam, D, (2012).@Some Medicinal Plants used for the treatment of Jaundice and Hepatitis based on tribal and rural people of Poonch and Rajouri (Jammu and Kashmir).@environment and ecology, 3, 449-454.@Yes$Shah, A. Abass, G. and Sharma MP. (2012).@Ethnomedicinal study of some medicinal plants from tehsil Budhal, district rajouri Jammu and Kashmir.@International multidisciplinary Journal, 2(6), 05-06.@Yes$Azad, SA and Bhat, AR. (2013).@Ethnomedicinal plants recorded from Rajouri Poonch districts of JandK State.@Indian journal of Life Sciences, 2, 77-79.@Yes$Shah, A., Bharati, KA, Ahmad, J and Sharma, MP (2015).@New ethnomedicinal claims from Gujjar-Bakarwal tribes of Rajouri and poonch district Jammu Kashmir, India.@J. of ethnopharmacology, 166, 119-28.@Yes$Mahmood, T., (2019).@A report on ethnomedicinal Plants used by Gujjar -Bakarwal tribes of some parts of Pir Panjal Himalayas of district Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir India environment and and ecology, 37(1A), 293-303.@undefined@Yes$Mahmood, T., (2019).@Ethnomedicinal study of useful climbers creepers and twiners of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University campus and adjoining areas of district rajouri (Jammu and Kashmir).@Med. Aromatic Plants Loss Angles, 8(6). No.8:340.doi:10.35248/2167-0412-19. 8.340@No$Dar, GH., Malik, Ah. and Khuroo, AA., (2014).@A contribution to the flora of Rajouri and Poonch districts in the Pir Panjal Himalaya (Jammu and Kashmir).@India Checks List, 10(2), 317-328.@Yes$Hooker, J.D. (1872).@The flora of British India.@Vols 1-VII. London:L. Reeve and co.@Yes$Vir. Jee, Dar, G.H. P. Kachroo and G.M. Bhat. (1984).@Taxo-ethnomedicinal studies of the rural areas in district rajouri (Jammu).@Journal of economic and Taxonomic Botany, 5(4), 831-838.@No$Dar, G. H., N. A. Malik and A.A., Khuroo (2012).@Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey. (Apocynaceae): a new species record for the North-west Himalaya from Rajouri (J and K), India.@J. Himalayan Ecol. Sustian. Dev., 7, 35-38.@No$Malik, AH, Khuroo, AA., Dar, GH., Khan, ZS. (2010).@The woody flora of Jammu and Kashmir India. An updated checklist.@Journal of economic and taxonomic Botany, 34(2), 74-97.@No$Sharma BM. and Kachroo P. (1983).@Flora of Jammu and plants of neighborhood, Dehra Dun, India.@undefined@Yes$Bhellum, B. L. and Magotra, R. (2012).@A catalogue of flowering plants of Doda, Kishtwar and Ramban districts (Kashmir Himalayas).@Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.@Yes$Anonymous, (2012).@Digest of Statistics. Directorate of economic and Statistics, Planning and development department.@Govt. of J and K, India.@No$Stewart. R., R. (1972).@An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir.@P.1028 In: E, Nasir and S.I. Ali (eds.). flora of west Pakistan. Fakhri Press, Karachi.@No @Review Paper <#LINE#>A concise review on source, production, purification and characterization of L-asparaginase and its application in food industries<#LINE#>R.M. @Dhingani,G. @Shah <#LINE#>71-76<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-023.pdf<#LINE#>Department of FQA, College of FPTBE, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India@Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>19/4/2020<#LINE#>11/9/2020<#LINE#>L-asparaginase enzyme belongs to amidase group which carry out the deamination of L-asparagines to ammonia and aspartic acid. It has been using as a drug for the treatment of disorders like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Another significant use of L-asparaginase enzyme is in the food manufacturing industry, where it reduces acrylamide formation in fried or baked foods while maintaining their sensory attributes like flavor, odor, taste, etc. The generation of the acrylamide during baking and frying relies on the Maillard reactions, within that acrylamide formation occur from the reaction between L-asparagine amino acid and reducing sugars during baking or frying condition. At the same time, this gives good sensory characteristics to the final product. The application of L-asparaginase can control the acrylamide production without affecting the sensory properties of baked or fried food. During processing a balance of contact time and reaction conditions is very much desired for enzyme effectiveness. Thus, this review represents production, purification, and application of L-asparaginase in the food manufacturing industry.<#LINE#>Hendriksen, H. V., Kornbrust, B. A., Ostergaard, P. R. and Stringer, M. A. (2009).@Evaluating the Potential for Enzymatic Acrylamide Mitigation in a Range of Food Products Using an L-asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(10), 4168-4176.@Yes$Kwan, J. M., Fialho, A. M., Kundu, M., Thomas, J., Hong, C. S., Das Gupta, T. K. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (2009).@Bacterial Proteins as Potential Drugs in the Treatment of Leukemia.@Leukemia Research, 33, 1392-1399.@Yes$Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, (2006).@Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants.@Sixty-fourth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 930.@Yes$Zyzak, D. V., Sanders, R. A. and Stojanovic, M. (2003).@Acrylamide Formation Mechanism in Heated Foods.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(16), 4782-4787.@Yes$Krasotkina, J., Borisova, A. A., Gervaziev, Y. V. and Sokolov, N. N. (2004).@One-Step Purification and Kinetic Properties of the Recombinant L-asparaginase from Erwiniacarotovora.@Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 39, 215-221.@Yes$Mahajan, R. V., Saran, S., Kameswaran, K., Kumar, V. and Saxena, R. K. (2012).@Efficient Production of L-asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis with Low-Glutaminase Activity: Optimization, Scale-Up and Acrylamide Degradation Studies.@Bioresource Technology, 125, 11-16.@Yes$Iyer, P. and Singhal, R. S. (2008).@Production of Glutaminase (E.C.3.2.1.5) from Zygosaccharomycesrouxii: Statistical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology.@Bioresource Technology, 99, 4300-4307.@Yes$Sathish, T. and Prakasham, R. S. (2009).@Enrichment of Glutaminase Production by Bacillus subtilisrsp-gluin Submerged Cultivation Based on Neural Network Genetic Algorithm Approach.@Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 85, 50-58.@Yes$Qin, M. and Zhao, F. S. (2003).@L-asparaginase Release from Escherichia coli Cells with Aqueous Two-Phase Micellar Systems.@Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 110(1), 11-21.@Yes$Campbell, H. A. and Mashburn, L. T. (1969).@L-asparaginase EC-2 from Escherichia coli. Some Substrate Specificity Characteristics.@Biochemistry, 8, 3768-3775.@Yes$Shrivastava, A., Khan, A., Shrivastav, A., Jain, K. and Singhal, K. (2012).@Kinetic Studies of L-asparaginase from Penicilliumdigitatum.@Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 42(6), 574-581.@Yes$Babu, K. R. and Satyanarayana, T. (1996).@Production of Bacterial Enzymes by Solid State Fermentation.@Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 55, 464-467.@Yes$Dias, F. F. G., de Castro, R. J. S., Ohara, A., Nishide, T. G., Bagagli, M. P. and Sato, H. H. (2015).@Simplex Centroid Mixture Design to Improve L-asparaginase Production in Solid-State Fermentation using Agroindustrial Wastes.@Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 4(4), 528-534.@Yes$Saqib, A. A., Hassan, M., Khan, N. F. and Baig, S. (2010).@Thermostability of Crude Endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus Grown under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Fermentation (SmF).@Process Biochem, 45, 641-646.@Yes$Cachumba, J. J. M., Antunes, F. A. F., Peres, G. F. D., Brumano, L. P., Santos, J. C. D. and Silva, S. S. D. (2016).@Current Applications and Different Approaches for Microbial L-asparaginase Production.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 47(1), 77-85.@Yes$Kenari, S. L. D., Alemzadeh, I. and Maghsodi, V. (2011).@Production of L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli ATCC 11303: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology.@Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89, 315-321.@Yes$Arastoo, B. D. (2015).@Production & Characterization of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SN004: Production Optimization by Statistical Methods.@Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 4(3), 388-397.@No$Prakasham, R. S., Rao, C. S., Rao, R. S., Lakshmi, G. S. and Sarma, P. N. (2007).@L-asparaginase Production by Isolated Staphylococcus Sp. -6A: Design of Experiment Considering Interaction effect for Process Parameter Optimization.@Journal of Applied Microbiology, 102(5), 1382-1391.@Yes$El-Bessoumy, A., Sarhan, M. and Mansour, J. (2004).@Production, Isolation, and Purification of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 50071 using Solid-State Fermentation.@International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37(4), 387-393.@Yes$Golunski, S., Astolfi, V., Carniel, N., Oliveira, D., Di Luccio, M., Mazutti, A. and Treichel, H. (2011).@Ethanol Precipitation and Ultrafiltration of Inulinases from Kluyveromycesmarxianus.@Separation and Purification Technology, 78, 261-265.@Yes$Qin, M. and Zhao, F. (2003).@L-asparaginase Release from Escherichia coli Cells with Aqueous Two-Phase Micellar Systems.@Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 110(1), 11-21.@Yes$Lopes, A. M., Oliveira-Nascimento, L. and de Ribeiro, A. (2015).@Therapeutic L-asparaginase: Upstream, Downstream and Beyond.@Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 8551, 1-18.@Yes$Dash, C., Mohapatra, S. B., & Maiti, P. K. (2016).@Optimization, purification, and characterization of L-asparaginase from Actinomycetales bacterium BkSoiiA.@Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 46(1), 1-7.@Yes$Avramis, V. I. (2012).@Asparaginases: biochemical pharmacology and modes of drug resistance.@Anticancer research, 32(7), 2423-2437.@Yes$Tareke, E., Rydberg, P., Karlsson, P., Eriksson, S. and Tornqvist, M. (2002).@Analysis of Acrylamide, A Carcinogen Formed in Heated Foodstuffs.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(17), 4998-5006.@Yes$Hogervorst, J., Schouten, E., Konings, E., Goldbohm, A. and Brandt, P. (2007).@A Prospective Study on Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Endometrial, Ovarian and Cancer Breast.@Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 16, 2304-2313.@Yes$Stadler, R. H., Blank, I., Varga, N., Robert, F., Hau, J., Guy, P. A., Robert, M. C. and Riediker, S. (2002).@Acrylamide from Maillard Reaction Products.@Nature, 419, 449-450.@Yes$Parker, J. K., Balagiannis, D. P., Higley, J., Smith, G., Wedzicha, B. L. and Mottram, D. S. (2012).@Kinetic Model for the Formation of Acrylamide during the Finish-Frying of Commercial French Fries.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(36), 9321-9331.@Yes$Zamora, R. and Hidalgo, F. (2008).@Contribution of Lipid Oxidation Products to Acrylamide Formation in Model Systems.@J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(15), 6075-6080.@Yes$Hamzalioglu, A. and Gokmen, V. (2012).@Role of Bioactive Carbonyl Compounds on the Conversion of Asparagine into Acrylamide During Heating.@European Food Research and Technology, 235(6), 1093-1099.@Yes$Pedreschi, F., Kaack, K. and Granby, K. (2008).@The Effect of L-asparaginase on Acrylamide Formation in French Fries.@Food Chemistry, 109, 386-392.@Yes$Amrein, T. M., Schoonbachler, B., Escher, F. and Amado, R. (2004).@Acrylamide in Ginger Bread: Critical Factors for Formation and Possible Ways for Reduction.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(13), 4282-4288.@Yes$Hendriksen, H. V., Budolfsen, G. and Baumann, M. J. (2013). L-asparaginase for Acrylamide Mitigation in Food. Aspects of Applied Biology, 116, 41-50.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Vass, M., Amrein, T. M., Schonbachler, B., Esher, F., and Amadom R. (2004).@Ways to Reduce the Acrylamide Formation in Cracker Products.@Czech Journal of Food Science, 22, 19-21.@Yes$U.S. FDA (2016).@Guidance for Industry Acrylamide in Foods.@U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Accessed online at http://www.fda.gov/ FoodGuidances.@Yes <#LINE#>SARS -CoV-2 : A comparative analysis on Traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic Medicine with Commercial Drugs<#LINE#>K.A. @Divyashree,V. @Snajuvikasini,P. Jeyavel @Karthick <#LINE#>77-82<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-030.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam -638 401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam -638 401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam -638 401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>29/5/2020<#LINE#>8/9/2020<#LINE#>Coronavirus is a well-developed positive single-strand RNA virus and the hostname derived from the glycoprotein spikes and it surrounds the genome which is enclosed by nucleic capsid. Coronavirus belongs to the family Coronaviridae with six viruses. The transmission rate SARS-CoV-2 is higher than SARS-CoV1, because of the genetic recombinant of the spike protein in receptor binding domain region (RBD). The techniques for the finding and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 incorporate Simple Closed Tube Molecular Test, LAMP Test, and PCR test. But, clinically RT-PCR is widely used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The researchers are still on research to develop effective medicines and vaccines for the disease SARS-CoV-2. First this pandemic disease arises in China and the treatment followed by them is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which is 92.09% more effective when compared to all other medicine throughout the world and the motility rate decreases against SARS-CoV-2. Even though our treatment is based on Ayurveda, in addition to this Commercial medicine is also combined with Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have comparatively analyzed the Traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic Medicine with Commercial drugs.<#LINE#>Penghui Ya and Xiliang Wang (2020).@COVID-19: A new challenge for human beings.@Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0407-x.@Yes$Qingmei Han, Qingqing Lin, Shenhe Jin and Liangshun You (2020).@Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line.@Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jinf.2020.02.010.@Yes$Matthew J. Binnicker. (2020).@Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Importance of Diagnostic Testing: Why Partnership between Clinical Laboratories, Public Health Agencies, and Industry is Essential to Control the Outbreak.@American Association for Clinical Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/ hvaa071/5741389.@Yes$Mohamed El-Tholot, Haim H. Bau and Jinzhao Song (2009).@A Single and Two-Stage, Closed-Tube, Molecular Test for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) at Home, Clinic, and Points of Entry.@Research-gate, https://doi.org /10.26434/chemrxiv.11860137.v.@Yes$Muhammad Adnan Shereen, Suliman Khan, Abeer Kazmi, Nadia Bashir, Rabeea Siddique (2020).@COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses.@Journal of Advanced Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005.@Yes$Sunil Kumar Verma (2020).@In search of feasible interventions for COVID-19 pandemic.@Preprints, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints 202003.0353.v1.@Yes$Manisha Prajapat, Phulen Sarma, Nishant Shekhar, Pramod Avti, Shweta Sinha, Hardeep Kaur, Subodh Kumar, Anusuya Bhattacharyya, Harish Kumar, Seema Bansal, and Bikash Medhi. (2020).@Drug target for corona virus: A systemic review.@Indian journal of pharmacology, https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_115 20.@Yes$Sivaraman. D. and Pradeep P.S. (2020).@Revealing anti-viral potential of Bio-active therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2-polymerase (RdRp) in combating COVID-19: Molecular Investigation on Indian traditional medicines.@Preprints, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0450 .v1.@Yes$Jun-ling Ren., Ai-Hua Zhang and Xi-Jun Wang (2020). Traditional Chinese Medicine for COVID-19 treatment. Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104743.@undefined@undefined@No$LUO Hui., TANG Qiao-ling, SHANG Ya-xi., LIANG Shi-bing., YANG Ming., Nicola Robinson, and LIU Jian-ping. (2020).@Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.@Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, https://doi.org/11655-020-3192-6.@Yes$Ruocong Yang, Hao Liu, Chen Bai, Yingchao Wang, Xiaohui Zhang, Rui Guo, Siying Wu, Jianxun Wang, Elaine Leung., Hang Chang, Peng Li, Tiegang Liu, Yi Wang (2020).@Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); in silico and experimental study.@Journal Pre-Proof, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs. 2020.104820.@Yes$Li Ni., Ling Zhou, Min Zhou, Jianping Zhao and Dao Wen Wang (2020).@Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan.@© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0757-x.@Yes$Dharmendra kumar Maurya and Deepak Sharma (2020).@Evaluation of traditional ayurvedic preparation for prevention and management of the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using molecular docking approach.@preprints, https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12110214.@Yes$Pandey M.M., Subha Rastogi and Rawat A. K. S. (2020).@Indian Traditional Ayurvedic System of Medicine and Nutritional Supplementation. Hindaw.@https:// doi.org/10.1155/2013/376327.@Yes$Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy, Srilatha Goothy, Anita Choudhary, Potey G G, Hirok Chakraborty, Arun HS Kumar and Mahadik V.K. (2020).@Ayurvedas Holistic Lifestyle Approach or the Management of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Possible Role of Tulsi.@International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11iSPL1.1976@Yes$Sangeeta Ojha. (2020).@COVID-19 treatment: India to test for Ayurvedic drugs within a week. www.livemint.com@undefined@No$Balachandhar Vellingiri, Kaavya Jayaramayya, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Arul Narayanasamy, Vivekanandhan Govindasamy, Bupesh Giridharan, Singaravelu Ganesan, Anila Venugopal, Dhivya Venkatesan, Harsha Ganesan, Kamarajan Rajagopalan, Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman, Ssang-Goo Cho, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Mohana Devi Subramaniam (2020).@COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic.@Elsevier, https://doi/org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2020.138277.@No$Min Zhou., Xinxin Zhang., Jieming Qu. (2020).@Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update.@© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11684-020-0767-8.@Yes$Kit San Yuen., Zi ‑Wei Ye, Sin‑Yee Fung, Chi‑Ping Chan, and Dong‑Yan Jin. (2020).@SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: the most important research questions.@Springer Nature remains neutrals, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-020-00404-4.@Yes <#LINE#>Exotic plant invasion in India through the lens of archaeobotanical evidences: An overview<#LINE#>Patil @D.A. <#LINE#>83-94<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-042.pdf<#LINE#>Post-Graduate Department of Botany, S.S.V.P. Sansthas L.K. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424005, MS, India<#LINE#>5/7/2020<#LINE#>16/10/2020<#LINE#>The present author looked at archaeobotanical evidences particularly with the objective of plant invasion in India either through introduction and domestication of plant species and naturalisation of other wild species. India had religious and cultural contacts with other countries abroad in ancient period. The native Indian people appropriated, absorbed or bioprospected potentially beneficial exotic plant species and thereby made integral part of Indian culture. A literary survey was done knowing occurrence of exclusively exotic cultivated plant species revealed or depicted in archaeological sites and structures. Their exotic status has been verified by comparing relevant literature to decipher their respective nativity. Significant comments in botanical perspective are made. The exotic species appeared to have adapted for dietary needs, medicine, beautycare and even socio-religious purposes. Present attempt included total 74 exotic cultivated or wild taxa pertaining to 68 genera and 30 angiospermic families. These are evaluated for their nativity consulting recent and relevant literary sources. Apart from proximal Asian countries, exotic taxa from distant continents such as America, Africa, Europe and Australia predominated exotic flora of India in ancient past. Plant invasion in India in ancient period is discussed based on evidences borrowed from archeobotanical dataset. Ancient Indians inducted and domesticated plant species from different parts of the Old and New worlds for the concrete purposes. These have been also appropriated for religious purposes and thus also find place in Indian bioculture.<#LINE#>Sauer C.O. (1952).@Agriculture Origins And Dispersals.@American Geographical Society, New York, USA.@Yes$Harris D. (1973).@The prehistory of tropical agriculture: An ethnoecological model. In: The explanation of Culture Change: Models In Prehistory.@pp. 397-417.@Yes$Vavilov N.I. (1949).@The Origin, Variation, Immunity and Breeding of Cultivated Plants.@Chronica Botanica, 13.@Yes$Singh A.K. (2016).@Exotic ancient plant introductions: Part of Indian Ayurveda medicinal system.@Plant Genetics Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 14(4), 356-369. DOI:10.1017/S1479262116000368@Yes$Gupta S.M. (1996).@Plants in Indian Temple Art.@B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India.@Yes$Brown P. (1965).@Indian Architecture-Buddhist and Hindu Periods.@D.B. Taraporewala Sons & Co. Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, India.@No$Marshall J. & Foucher A. (1940).@The Monuments of Sanchi.@Vols. 3, Probsthain, London, UK.@No$Patil D.A. (2018b).@Some comments on exotic floral elements as hailed from epic Ramayana.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 6(2), 146-150.@No$Watt G. (1889-1893).@A Dictionary of The Economic Products of India.@Periodical Expert, Shahadara, Delhi, India. Vol.1-6.@Yes$Pokharia A.K., Sekar H., Pal J. & Srivastava A. (2009).@Possible evidence of pre-Comumbian transoceanic voyages based on conventional LSC and AMS 146 dating of associated charcoal and a carbonized seed of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.).@Radiocarbon, 51(3), 923-930. https://doi.org/10.10/750033822200033993@Yes$Patil D.A. (2017b).@Alien plant species recorded in Vedic and Post-Vedic period of India: An assessment.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 5(11), 812-819. DOI:10.21276/sajb.2017.5.11.8@Yes$Patil D.A. (2018).@On some alien plant species: Gleanings from Garuda Purana.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 6(2), 163-166. DOI:10.21276/sajb.2018.6.2.5@Yes$Patil D.A. (2019).@Plant invasion in India as revealed from Tantrasarah.@Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 16-21.@Yes$Patil D.A. (2019).@Origins of common names of aliens: A comparative study of Indian biodiversity.@I3 Biodiversity, 4, 402-412. https://biodiversity.I3 press.fi.@Yes$Patil D.A. (2019).@Scientific history of some alien plants in India: Origin, implications and culture.@Plantae Scientia, 1(5), 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32439/ps.vlio 5.66.75.@Yes$Sorenson J.L. (2005).@Ancient voyages across the ocean to American: From Impossible to Certain.@Journal of Book of Mormon Studies, 14/1:4-17, 124-125.@Yes$Saraswat K.S., Rajagopalan G. & Prasad Ravi (2008).@A pivotal evidence of custard apple: Evocative of some pre-Columbian network contact between Asia and America.@Pragdhara, 18, 283-308.@Yes$Fuller D.Q. (2015).@Finding plant domestication in the Indian Subcontinent.@Athropology, 52(4), 347-362.@Yes$Bailey L.H. (1949).@Manual of Cultivated Plants.@Rev.Ed., The Macmillan Co., New York, USA.@No$Patil D.A. (1995).@Exotic elements in the flora of Dhule district (Maharashtra-II).@Biojournal, 7(1-2), 1-8.@Yes$Patil D.A. (2003).@Flora of Dhule and Nandurbar District (Maharashtra).@Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.@Yes$Sharma B.D. & Pandey D.S. (1984).@Exotic Flora of Allahabad District.@Bot. Surv. India, Calcutta, India.@Yes$Qureshi H., Arshad Muhammad & Yasmin Bibi (2014).@Invasive flora of Pakistan: A critical analysis.@Int. J. Biosci., 4(1), 407-424.@No$Purseglove J.W. (1968).@Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons-1&2.@Longmans, London, UK.@No$Shetty B.V. & Singh V. (1987).@Flora of Rajasthan.@Bot. Surv. India, Calcutta, India. Vol. I.@Yes$Stewart R.R. (1972).@An Annonated Catalogue of The Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir.@Fakhri Press, Karchi, Pakistan.@No$Singh A.K. & Nigam S.N. (2017).@Ancient alien crop introductions integral to Indian agriculture: An overview.@Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad.@Yes$Gaikwad S.P. & Garad K.U. (2015).@Flora of Solapur District.@Laxmi Book Publications, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.@Yes$Coats A.M. (1956).@Flowers and Their Histories.@Hulton Press Ltd., London, UK.@Yes$Dar G.H., Bhagat R.C. & Khan M.A. (2002).@Biodiversity of the Kashmir Himalaya.@Valley Book House, Srinagar, India.@Yes$Kislev M.E. (1989).@Origins of the cultivation and Lathyrus sativus and L. cicera (Fabaceae).@Economic Botany, 43(2), 22-270.@Yes$De Candolle A. (1959).@Origin of Cultivated Plants.@Rev. 2nd Ed., Hafner Publishing Co., London, UK.@No$Kaul M.K. (1986).@Weed Flora of Kashmir Valley.@Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.@Yes$Purseglove J.W. (1972).@Tropical Crops: Monocotyledons.@Vols. 2, Longmans, London, UK.@Yes$Yadav S.R. & Sardesai M.M. (2002). Flora of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India. Shivaji University Kolhapur, (Maharashtra) India.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Graf A.B. (1980).@Exotica: Pictorial Cyclopedia of Exotic Plants from Tropical and Near-Tropic Regions.@Roders Company INC. USA. 10th Ed.@Yes$Simmons S.R. (1987).@Growth, Development and Physiology. In: Wheat and Wheat Improvement.@(Ed.Heyne, E.G.) 2nd Ed. ASAINC, CSSA, INF and SSS of America INC. Madison Wisconsin, USA, pp.77-104.@No$Ugemuge N.R. (1986).@Flora of Nagpur District, Maharashtra.@Shree Prakashan, Shankarnagar, Nagpur, India.@Yes$Backer C.A. & Brink Jr. R.C.B. (1963-1968).@Flora of Java.@Vol.1-III. Wolters -Noordhoof, Gronengen, Netherland.@Yes$Naik V.N. (1988).@Flora of Marathwada.@Vol.I-II. Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.@No$Patil D.A. (2017).@Invasive alien species in Khandesh region (Maharashtra: India): Diversity, Implications and measures.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 5(12), 867-876. DOI:10.21276/sajb.2017.5.12.8@Yes$Cooke T. (1958).@Flora of the Presidency of Bombay.@Vol.I-III., Bot. Surv. India, Calcutta, India, Repr.Ed.@No$Watt G. (1908).@The Commercial Products of India.@John Murray, London, UK.@Yes$Naqshi A.R. & Javeid G.N. (1987).@Tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) in Kashmir Himalaya.@J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 9, 89-96.@Yes$John Cameron (1891).@Catalogue of Plants in The Botanical Garden, Bangalore and Its Vicinity.@2nd Ed.. Mysore Government Central Press, Bangalore, India.@Yes$Debnath A. & Debnath B. (2017).@Diversity, invasion status and usages of alien plant species in Northeastern Hilly State of Tripura: A confluence of Indo-Barman Hotspot.@American Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 212-235.@Yes$Patil D.A. (2019).@Food Crops: Evolution, Diversity and Advances.@Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.@Yes$Panda T., Mishra N., Pradhan B.K. & Mohanty R.B. (2018).@Expansive alien flora of Odisha, India.@Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 112(1), 43-64.@Yes$Martin F.W., Campbell C.W. & Ruberte R.M. (1987).@Perennial Edible Fruits of The Tropics: An Inventory.@U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 222p illus.@Yes$Singh N.P., Lakshminarsimhan P. & Karthikeyan S. (2001).@Flora of Maharashtra State: Dicotyledons.@Vol. II. Bot. Surv. India, Calcutta, India.@Yes$Reddy C. Sudhakar (2008).@Catalogue of Invasive Alien Flora of India.@Forestry and Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Agency, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500037, India. http://1sj.224.edu.en@Yes$Chandra Sekar K. (2012).@Invasive alien plants of Indian Himalayan Region: Diversity and implication.@American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 177-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.32021@Yes$Clapham A.R., Tutin T.G. & Warburg E.F. (1968).@Excursion Flora of the British Isles.@Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.@No$Bhandari M.M. (1978).@Flora of Indian Desert.@Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.@Yes$Prabhukumar K.M., Jagadeesan R., Gangaprasad A. & Mathew Sam P. (2016).@Macroptilium (Leguminosae: Faboideae), a new genus record for Kerala.@Devgiri Journal of Science, 2(1), 142-145.@Yes$Rajagopal T. & Panigrahi G. (1965).@Aliens naturalised in the flora of Allahabad.@Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India. Sect. B., 35(4), 411-422.@Yes$Veerasamy A. & Arumugan R. (2014).@Diversity in invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest range. Southern Western Ghats, India.@Biodiversity Journal, 5(3), 377-386.@Yes$Srivastava S., Dvivedi A. & Shukla R.P. (2014).@Invasive alien species of terrestrial vegetation of North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh.@International Journal of Forestry Research, Article ID959875 pp.1-9.@No$Khuroo Anzar Ahmad, Irfan Rashid, Zafar Reshdi, Dhar G.H. & Wafai B.A. (2007).@The alien flora of Kashmir Himalaya.@Bio Invasions, 9, 269-292. DOI 10.1007/ S10530-0114-9981-2.@Yes$Kshirsagar S.R. & Patil D.A. (2002).@Exotic floral elements in the flora of Jalgaon district (Maharashtra).@J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 26(3), 529-532.@Yes$Patil D.A. (1990).@Exotic elements in the flora of Dhule district (Maharashtra).@J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 14(3), 721-724.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (2005).@Agriculture background of the early farming communities in the Middle Gangetic Plain.@Praghdhara, 15, 145-177.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. & Pokharia A.K. (2002).@Harappan Plant economy at ancient Balu, Haryana.@Pragdhara, 12, 153-172.@Yes$Gupta S.M. (1996).@Plants in Indian Temple Art.@B.R. Publishing, Delhi, India.@Yes$Cunnigham A. (1879).@The Stupa of Bharut: A Buddhist monument ornamented with numerous sculptures illustrative of Buddhist legend and history in the third century BC.@London (Repr. 1962) Indological Book House, Varanasi, India.@Yes$Johannesen C.L. & Wang S. (1998).@American crop plants in Asia before AD 1500.@Pre-Columbiana: A Journal of Long-Distance Contacts, 1, 9-36.@Yes$Watt G. (1889).@A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India.@Department of Revenue and Agricultural, Calcutta, India.@Yes$Saraswat K.S., Sharma N.K. & Saini D.C. (1994).@Plant economy at ancient Norhan (ca. 1300 BC-300/400 AD).@In: Excavations at Narhan (1984-1989) (Ed.Singh, P.). Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, pp.255-346.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. & Pokharia A.K. (2003).@Palaeobotanical investigations at early Harappan Kunal.@Pragdhara 13, 105-139.@Yes$Fuller D.Q. (2003).@African crops in prehistoric South Asia: A critical review.@In: Food, Fuel and Fields: Progress In African Archaeobotany (Ed.Neumann, K. et al.) Africa Prehistorica 15 Heinrich-Barth Institute, Cologne, pp.239-271.@Yes$Herman C.P. (1997).@Harappan Gujarat the archaeology-chronology connection.@Paltorient, 22, 77-112.@Yes$Vankar P.S. (2007).@Handbook on natural dyes for Industrial Applications.@National Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.@Yes$Mohd. Yusuf, Mohd. Shabbir & Mohammad Faqeer (2017).@Natural colourents: Historical processing and sustainable prospects.@Nat. Prod. Bioprospeet, 7(1), 123-145.@Yes$Kajale M.D. (1996).@Palaeobotanical investigations at Balathal: Preliminary results.@Man Environ, 11, 98-102.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (2004).@Plant economy in ancient Malhar.@Pragdhara, 14, 137-172.@Yes$Vishnu-Mittre, S. A. (1976). Chanchala (1986).@Ancient plant economy at Daimabad.@Daimabad, 1979, Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India (Ed. Dali, S.A.). Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, India, 588-626.@Yes$Sorensen J.A. & Johannessen C.L. (2004).@Scientific evidence for pre-Columbian transoceanic voyages. Sino-Platonic Papers.@Department of East Asian Languages And Civilizations. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. pp.273.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (1992).@Archaeobotanical remains in ancient culture and socio-economical dynamics of the Indian subcontinent.@Palaeobotanist, 40, 514-545.@Yes$Pokharia A.K. (2008).@Palaeoethnobotanical record of cultivated crops and associated weeds and wild taxa from Neolithic site, Tokwa, Uttar Pradesh, India.@Curr. Sci., 94, 248-254.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (1993).@Plant economy of late Harappan at Hulas.@Pragdhara, 23, 1-12.@Yes$Kajale M.D. (1988).@Plant economy.@In: Excavations at Inamgaon, (Ed.Dhavalikar, M.K. et al.) Vol.1, Part 2. Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune. pp. 727-821.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (1986).@Ancient crop economy of Harappan from Rohira, Punjab (ca.200-1700 BC).@Palaeobotanist 35, 32-38.@Yes$Saraswat K.S., Srivastava C. & Pokharia A.K. (2000).@Palaeobotanical and pollen analytical investigations. In: Indian Archaeology (1994-95): A review.@ASI, New Delhi, India, pp.96-97.@Yes$Chowdhury K.A., Saraswat K.S. & Buth G.M. (1977).@Ancient Agriculture and Forestry In North India.@Asia Publishing House, New Delhi, India.@No$Sankalia H.D., Subbarao B. & Deo S.B. (1958).@The excavations at Maheshwar and Nevadatoli 1952-1953.@The Deccan College Post-Graduate And Research Institute, Poona And Maharaja Sayaji Rao University, Baroda, Gujarat, India.@Yes$Vishnu-Mittre A. (1974).@The beginnings of agriculture: Palaeobotinical evidence in India.@Evolutionary Studies in World Crops (Ed.Hutchnison, J.B.). Cambridge University Press, London, U.K. pp 3-30.@Yes$Fuller D.Q. (2000).@Fifty years of archaeobotanical studies in India: Laying a solid foundation. In: Indian Archaeology In Retrospect.@III. Archaeology And Interactive Disciplines (Ed. Settar, S. and R.Korisettar). Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, India pp.317-390.@Yes$Weber S.A. (1991).@Plants and Harappan Subsistence: A Example of Stability and Change from Rojdi.@Oxfort & IBH Publ. Co.Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta, India.@Yes$Pokharia A.K. & Saraswat K.S. (1999).@Plant econmomy during Kushana period (100-300 AD) at ancient Sanghol, Punjab.@Pragdhara, 9, 75-104.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (1997).@Plant economy of Barans at ancient Sanghol (ca.1900-14 BC.) Punjab.@Pragdhara, 7, 97-114.@Yes$Fuller D.Q., Boivin N. & Korisettar R. (2007).@Dating the Neolithic of South India: New radiometric evidence for key economic, social and ritual transformations.@Antiquity 81, 755-778.@Yes$Pokharia A.K. & Srivastava C. (2013).@Current status of archaeobotanical studies in Harappan civilization: An archaeological perspective.@Heritage, 1, 118-137.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. (1988).@Pre-Harrappan crop economy of ancient Rohira (ca.2000-1700 BC.), Palaeobotanist, 35, 32-38.@undefined@No$Saraswat K.S. (1991).@Crop economy at ancient Maharana, Punjab (2100-1900 BC.).@Pragdhara, 1, 83-88.@Yes$Weber S., Kashyap A. & Mounce L. (2011).@Archaeobotany at Farmana: New insights into Harappan plant use strategies.@In: Excavations at Farmana, District Rohtak, (Ed. Shide V. et.al.). (2006-2008). Indus Project, RIHN, Kyoto, Japan, pp.808-825.@Yes$Pokharia, A. K., Kharakwal, J. S., Rawat, R. S., Osada, T., Nautiyal, C. M., & Srivastava, A. (2011). Archaeobotany and archaeology at Kanmer, a Harappan site in Kachchh, Gujarat: evidence for adaptation in response to climatic variability. Current Science, 100(12), 1833-1846.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Vishnu-Mittre & Savithri R. (1982).@Food economy of the Harappans.@In: Harrappan Civilization (Ed.Possehl Gregory L.) Oxford & IBH Publ.Co., New Delhi, Calcutta, India pp.205-221.@Yes$Kajale M.D. (1977).@On the botanical findings from excavations Daimabad-a Chalcolithic site in Western Maharashtra.@Curr.Sci., 46(26), 818-819.@Yes$Kajale M.D. (1988).@Plant economy.@In: Excavations at Inamgaon (Dhavalikar, M.K. et al.). 1(2), 727-820. Deccan P.G. & Res. Inst. Pune, India.@Yes$Sharma N.K. (1989).@Palaeoethnobotanical studies at Narhan, District Gorakhpur, U.P. (C.1000 BC-400 AD).@Ph. D. Thesis (Unpublished). Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, India.@No$Saraswat K.S., Sharma N.K. & Saini D.C. (1988).@Ancient remains of the crop plants from Narhan excavation.@Ed.Singh, P. & O.P. Tandon. Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi, India.@No$Saraswat K.S., Sharma D.C. & Chanchala (1990).@Palaeobotanical & Pollen analytical investigations.@Indian Archaeology: A review, 1985-86, 122-125.@No$Singh B.P. (1990).@Early farming communities of Kashmir foot-hills.@Purattattva, 19, 6-18.@No$Savithri R. (1976).@Studies In Archaeobotany Together With Its Bearings Upon Socio-Economy & Environment of Indian Proto-Historic Cultures.@Ph.D. Thesis, University of Lucknow (Unpublished).@Yes$Vishnu-Mitre & Savithri R. (1978).@Palaeobotanical & pollen analytical investigations.@Indian Archaeology: A Review, 1972-73. Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, India. pp. 67-68.@No$Saraswat K.S., Sharma N.K. & Saini D.C. (1991).@Plant economy at ancient Narhan, Gorakhpur.@In:Indian Archaeological Heritage, Ed.Margabandhu, C.et al.. Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi, India. Pp 199-209.@Yes$Saraswat K.S. & Sharma N.K. (1986-87).@Annual Report: 47-48.@Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, India.@No$Saraswat K.S., Saini D.C. & Sharma N.K. (1987-88).@Annual Report: 49-50.@Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, India.@No$Saraswat K.S. & Sharma N.K. (1985).@Plant economy at ancient Narhan (C.700 BC-400 AD).@In: Bharati Bulletin, Department A.I.H.C. & Archaeology. Series-3. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India pp.165-174.@Yes