<#LINE#>Comparison study on production of 2, 3-butanediol using batch flask fermentation from two different microorganisms<#LINE#>Prabhu@N. ,Gajendran@T. ,Kartika@B. ,Monisha@S. ,Saarumathi@S. <#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-094.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637 205, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637 205, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637 205, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637 205, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>22/12/2018<#LINE#>10/4/2019<#LINE#>Currently, several researchers were focused on the production of 2,3-butanediol for its use in various applications. Our research has mainly aimed in the production of 2,3-butanediol from two different strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Since these are GRAS microorganisms, we have chosen these for our production. Mostly anaerobic species are only used for the production of 2,3-buatnediol. But we have used aerobic species for this project. Here the Bacillus cereus is the new species used for this production. From this we conclude that Bacillus cereus is also producing 2,3-butanediol. To our research, we summarize that the microbial production of 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus species which shows an efficientsynthesis of 2,3-butanediol on a laboratory scale.<#LINE#>Yang T., Rao Z., Zhang X., Lin Q., Xia H., Xu Z. and Yang S. (2011).@Production of 2, 3‐butanediol from glucose by GRAS microorganism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.@Journal of basic microbiology, 51(6), 650-658. DOI 10.1002/jobm. 201100033@Yes$Lan Ge., Xiaomin Wu., Jianwen Chen. and Jialin Wu. (2011).@A New Method for Industrial Production of 2,3-Butanediol.@J. of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2(3), 335-336. DOI 10.4236/jbnb.23041@Yes$Perego P., Converti A., Del Borghi A. and Canepa P. (2000).@2, 3-Butanediol production by Enterobacter aerogenes: selection of the optimal conditions and application to food industry residues.@Bioprocess Engineering, 23(6), 613-620.@Yes$Wang Y., Li L., Ma C., Gao C., Tao F. and Ping Xu P. (2013).@2, 3-Butanediol Production by Acetogenic Bacteria, an Alternative Route to Chemical Synthesis, Using Industrial Waste Gas.@Appl. Environ. Microbial, 77(15), 5467-5475.@Yes$Li L., Chen C., Li K., Wang Y., Gao C., Ma C. and Xu P. (2014).@Efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of inulin to 2, 3-butanediol by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580.@Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 80(20), 6458-6464. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01802-14@Yes$Mayer D., Schlensog V. and Böck A. (1995).@Identification of the transcriptional activator controlling the butanediol fermentation pathway in Klebsiella terrigena.@Journal of bacteriology, 177(18), 5261-5269.@Yes$Giovannini P.P., Mantovani M., Medici A. and Pedrini P. (2008).@Production of 2, 3-butanediol by Bacillus stearothermophilus: fermentation and metabolic pathway.@Chem Eng, 14, 281-286.@Yes$Wang X., Lv M., Zhang L., Li K., Gao C., Ma C. and Xu P. (2013).@Efficient bioconversion of 2, 3-butanediol into acetoin using Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003.@Biotechnology for biofuels, 6(1), 155.@Yes$Ji X.J., Huang H., Li S., Du J. and Lian M. (2008).@Enhanced 2, 3-butanediol production by altering the mixed acid fermentation pathway in Klebsiella oxytoca.@Biotechnology letters, 30(4), 731-734.@Yes$Yang T., Rao Z., Zhang X., Xu M., Xu Z. and Yang S.T. (2015).@Enchanced 2,3-Butanediol Production from Biodiesel-Dervied Glycerol by Engineering of Cofactor Regeneration and Manipulating Carbon Flux in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.@Microbial Cell Factories, 14, 122. DOI 10.1186/s12934-015-0317-2@Yes$Nicholson W.L. (2008).@The Bacillus subtilis ydjL (bdhA) gene encodes acetoin reductase/2, 3-butanediol dehydrogenase.@Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74(22), 6832-6838. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00881-08.@Yes$Petrov K. and Petrova P. (2009).@High production of 2, 3-butanediol from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae G31.@Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 84(4), 659-665.@Yes$Perego P., Converti A., Del Borghi A. and Canepa P. (2000).@2, 3-Butanediol production by Enterobacter aerogenes: selection of the optimal conditions and application to food industry residues.@Bioprocess Engineering, 23(6), 613-620.@Yes$Xiao Z., Wang X., Huang Y., Huo F., Zhu X., Xi L. and Lu J.R. (2012).@Thermophilic fermentation of acetoin and 2, 3-butanediol by a novel Geobacillus strain.@Biotechnology for biofuels, 5(1), 88.@Yes$Barnes S., Kirk M. and Coward L. (1994).@Isoflavones and their conjugates in soy foods: extraction conditions and analysis by HPLC-mass spectrometry.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42(11), 2466-2474.@Yes$Linko Yu-Yen, Wang Zhulin and Jukka Seppala (1994).@Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(1,4-Butanediol Succinate) In Organic Solvent.@Biocatalysis, 8, 269-282.@Yes$Fu B., Feger C., MacKnight W.J. and Schneider N.S. (1985).@Synthesis and properties of monodisperse hydroxy-terminated oligomers of 1, 4-butanediol and 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate.@Polymer, 26(6), 889-894.@Yes <#LINE#>Distribution and ecology of euglenoids in certain lakes of Tumakuru District, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Murulidhara@V.N. ,Murthy@V.N. Yogananda <#LINE#>12-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-098.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Botany, Government First Grade College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Sira, Karnataka, India@Dept. of Biotechnology, Azyme Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>23/12/2018<#LINE#>1/4/2019<#LINE#>Distribution and ecology of euglenoids in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of water in four lakes of Tumakuru district was studied during 2015-17 and discussed. Euglenoids function as indicators of aquatic superiority. Composite samples were taken at two feats depth from surface level on monthly basis for the enumeration of euglenoids. A total of ten species under three genera were identified. Guluru lake harboured 46.66% followed by Colony and Teeta lakes 20% each and Bugudanahalli lake with 13.33%. Seasonally all the lakes recorded maximum density of euglenoids during summer except in Colony lake, where they reached their peak during rainy season. Euglenoids showed significant positive correlation with water temperature (r=0.664:P<0.05), Sulphate (r=0.757:P<0.05) and Silica (r=0.775:P<0.05) at 5% level. Euglenoids established negative correlation with dissolved oxygen and ammonical nitrogen.<#LINE#>Brosnan S., Shin W., Kjer K.M. and Triemer R.E. (2003).@Phylogeny of the photosynthetic euglenophytes inferred from the nuclear SSU and partial LSU rDNA.@International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 53(4), 1175-1186. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02518-0@Yes$Marin B., Palm A., Klingber M. and Melkonian M. (2003).@Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing Euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure.@Protist., 154, 99-145.@Yes$Tell G. and Conforti V. (1986).@Euglenophyta pigmentadas de la Argentina, (Bibliotheca Phycologica 75) Berlin.@J. Cramer., 301.@Yes$Singh Shashi J. and Dwivedi Anil K. (2009).@Numerical interdependence in pH, acidity and alkalinity of a polluted river water.@J. Environ. Biol., 30(5), 773-775.@Yes$Shankar P.H. (2012).@Multivariate analysis for distribution for Euglenophyceae in Karanji Lake of Mysore.@Phykos, 42(2), 74-79.@Yes$Sharma P. and Bhardwaj N. (2017).@Algal biodiversity in some water bodies of Kota, Rajasthan, India.@Int Res J Biological Sci, 6(9), 7-14.@Yes$Nasser K.M. and Sureshkumar S. (2013).@Interaction between microalgal species richness and environmental variables in Peringalkuthu Reservoir, Western Ghats, Kerala.@Journal of environmental biology, 34(6), 1001-1005.@Yes$Abalaka S.E. (2013).@Evaluation of the haematology and biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus as biomakers of environmental pollution in Tiga Dam Nigeria.@Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 56(3), 371-376.@Yes$Watson S.B. and John L. (2003).@Overview drinking water quality and sustainability.@Water Qual. Res. J. Canada., 38(1), 3-13. doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.002@Yes$American Public Health Association (APHA). (2008).@Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (20th edn.) Washington D.C.@@No$Rao C.B. (1955).@On the distribution of algae in a group of six small ponds, Algal periodicity.@J. Ecol., 43, 291-308.@Yes$Kalff J. (2000).@Limnology prentice hall Uppers addle river.@New Jersey.@Yes$Alam A. and Khan A.A. (1996).@Dynamics of plankton communities in four fresh water lentic ecosystems in relation to varying dominant biota.@Poll. Res., 15(3), 289-291.@Yes$Munawar M. (1970).@Limnological studies on freshwater ponds of hyderabad-India.@Hydrobiologia, 36(1), 105-128.@Yes$Singh S.R. and Swarup K. (1979).@Limnological studies of Suraha lake (Ballia) II. The periodicity of phytoplankton.@J. Indian Bot. Soc, 58(4), 319-329.@Yes$Singh S. (2015).@Analysis of plankton diversity and density with physicochemical parameters of open pond in town Deeg (Bhratpur) Rajasthan, India.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(11), 61-69.@Yes$Seenayya G. (1971).@Ecological studies in the plankton of certain freshwater ponds of hyderabad-India II, phytoplankton-1.@Hydrobiologia, 37(1), 55-88.@Yes$Munawar M. (1974).@Limnological studies on fresh water ponds of Hyderabad, India IV. The biocenose - Periodicity and species composition of unicellular and colonial phytoplankton in polluted and unpolluted environments.@Hydrobiol., 45(1), 1-32. doi.10.1007/BF00006443@Yes$Hegde G.R. and Bharati S.G. (1985).@Comparative phytoplankton ecology of fresh water ponds and lakes of Dharwad, Karnataka, India.@Proc. Nat. Symp. Pure and Applied limnology (Eds. A.D.Adoni). Bull. Bot. Soc. Sagar., 32, 24-29.@Yes$Puttaiah E.T. and Somashekar R.K. (1987).@Distribution of Euglenoids in lakes of Mysore city.@Phykos., 26, 39-46.@Yes$Ganai A.H., Parveen S., Khan A.A. and Maryam H. (2010).@Phytoplankton diversity at watlab ghat in wular lake, Kashmir.@Journal of ecology and the natural environment, 2(8), 140-146.@Yes$Munawar M. (1972).@Ecological studies of Eugleninae in certain polluted and unpolluted environments.@Hydrobiol., 39(3), 307-320.@Yes$Palmer C.M. (1969).@A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution 2.@Journal of Phycology, 5(1), 78-82.@Yes$Kant S. (1985).@Algae as indicator of organic pollution.@Advances in applied phycology (edn Shukla and Pandey), 77-86.@Yes$Buetow D.E. (1968).@The Biology of Euglena: General Biology & Ultrastructure.@Academic press, New York.@Yes$Palmer C.M. (1977).@Algae and water pollution: an illustrated manual on the identification, significance and control of algae in water supplies and in polluted water.@University of Michigan Library, Castle House Publication. London.@Yes$Round F. (1983).@Biología das Algas.@2da. Ed. Guanabara Dois SA Rio de Janeiro. Brasil, 263.@Yes$Rosowski J.R. (2003).@Photosynthetic Euglenoids in fresh water algae of North America: ecology and classification (JDWehr, R G Sheath, edn).@Academic Press, New York, 383-422.@Yes$Ganguly A., Mandal A., Khan M.A., Dutta T.K., Raha S. and Das Mohapatra P.K. (2017).@Study of physico-chemical parameters, planktonic diversity and bacterial load of Clarias batrachus cultivation pond at Bankura, WB, India.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(12), 23-34.@Yes <#LINE#>Chewing habit leads to disequilibrium in body constitution and affects mental health<#LINE#>Vadsaria@Nikita ,Oza @Devashree ,Verma@R.J. <#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-005.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, India@Dept. of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, India@Dept. of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, India<#LINE#>8/1/2019<#LINE#>15/5/2019<#LINE#>Incidence of addiction related diseases have emerged as major health concern worldwide. Various types of chewing habit is predominant worldwide. These habits may have direct correlation with prakrati. The present study is carried out to investigate the mental health status and prakrati in correlation with chewers along with their chewing habits.After ethical clearance-two groups namely chewers (n=100) and non-chewers (n=100) randomly considered. After taking consent, dosha evaluation was done using standardise questionnaire (TNMC prakriti). DASS-42 of Lovibond and Lovibond was used to analyze prevalence of (DAS) anxiety and stress and depression, in both the populations. Prevalence of (DAS) anxiety and stress and depression in non-chewers was less as compared to that chewers. On evaluating their prakrati it was observed that 61% of non-chewers fall into a balanced dosha while it was and only 20% in chewers. Chewers (58%) showed vaat and pittprakrati, 14% showed pitt and kaaf type of prakrati and only 8% showed vaat and kaafprakrati. There was a significant difference (X2; p value: 31.09; 0.0001) found between both the groups. Our results showed that prakrati and mental status along with addiction is directly correlated. The disequilibrium doshas could be one of the reason for developing mental health problems and might have lead to addiction and rehab centres should consider prakrati aspect in their treatment.<#LINE#>Gill J., Sullivan R., and Taylor D. (2015).@Overcoming cancer in the 21st century.@University College of London, School of Pharmacy, UK. ISBN-13 9780902936317@Yes$NIH (2019).@Ayurvedic Medicine: in depth national centre for complimentary and integrative health.@https://nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm@No$Dhruva A., Hecht F.M., Miaskowski C., Kaptchuk T.J., Bodeker G., Abrams D. and Adler S.R. (2014).@Correlating traditional ayurvedic and modern medical perspectives on cancer: results of a qualitative study.@The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 20, 364-370.@Yes$Gokani T. (2014).@A yurveda-The Science of Healing.@Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 54(6), 1103-1106.@Yes$Kukade K.S., Mekhale S. and Agrawa M. (2016).@Concept of prakriti in Ayurveda and its significance in evading lifestyle disorders.@International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, 4(7), 1297-1304.@No$Lovibond P.F. and Lovibond S.H. (1995).@The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories.@Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343.@Yes$File S.E., Fluck E. and Leahy A. (2001).@Nicotine has calming effects on stress-induced mood changes in females, but enhances aggressive mood in males.@International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 4(4), 371-376.@Yes$Moylan S., Jacka F.N., Pasco J.A. and Berk M. (2012).@Cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of population-based, epidemiological studies.@BMC medicine, 10(1), 123.@Yes$Prochaska J.J., Das S. and Wolff K.Y. (2018).@Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health.@Annu Rev Public Health., 38, 165-185.@Yes$World Health Organization (WHO). (2014).@IRIS Social determinants of mental health.@Geneva: World Health Organization.@No$Morrell H.E. and Cohen L.M. (2006).@Cigarette smoking, anxiety, and depression.@Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 28(4), 281-295.@Yes$Vagbhata@undefined@undefined@No$Juyal R.C., Negi S., Wakhode P., Bhat S., Bhat B. and Thelma B.K. (2012).@Potential of ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: Leads from a pilot study on rheumatoid arthritis.@Plos One, 7, e45752.@Yes$Venkatraghavan S., Sundaresan T.P., Rajagopalan V. and Srinivasn K. (1987).@Constitutional study of cancer patients-its prognostic and therapeutic scope.@AncSci Life, 7(2), 110-115.@Yes$Mahalle N.P., Kulkarni M.V., Pendse N.M. and Naik S.S. (2012).@Association of constitutional type of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance.@J Ayurveda Integr Med., 3(3), 150-157.@Yes$Vamanrao P.U. and Saley Subhash R. (2014).@The Roll of Ayurveda in Mental Health.@UJAHM, 2(02), 19-25.@Yes$Prochaska J.J., Das S. and Young-Wolff K.C. (2017).@Smoking, mental illness, and public health.@Annual Review of Public Health, 38, 165-185.@Yes$Dhruva A., Hecht F.M., Miaskowski C., Kaptchuk T.J., Bodeker G., Abrams D and Adler S.R. (2014).@Correlating traditional Ayurvedic and modern medical perspectives on cancer: Results of a qualitative study.@Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 20(5), 364-370.@Yes <#LINE#>Determination of heavy metals in cow (Bos indicus) dung collected from Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Singh@Mahendra ,Choyal @Rajaram ,Charan@P.D. <#LINE#>23-27<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-015.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner-334004, Rajasthan, India@Department of Environmental Science, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner-334004, Rajasthan, India@Department of Environmental Science, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner-334004, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>28/1/2019<#LINE#>25/5/2019<#LINE#>Rapid development of heavy metal research has not been a new area of science. Heavy metal content in cow dung may be due to ingestion of contaminated fodder, water etc. It may affect the quality of the soil, contaminate crops and pose health risks to both animals and people. Cow dung, a type of manure, is a cheap and easily available resource for agriculture. The present study emphasized on quantitative analysis of heavy metals in 120 cow dung samples collected from different locations in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. The quantitative assessment of nine heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn and Co) using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer was done under this investigation. The results showed that the average levels of contamination of heavy metals was found in the order of the Iron>Copper>Manganese>Zinc>Chromium> Lead>Nickel>Cobalt>Cadmium.<#LINE#>World Bank Report (2013).@Agriculture land (percentage of land area).@http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ AG.LND.AGRI.ZS. Accession date: 19.08.2014@No$Government of India (GOI). (2014).@Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics.@Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and fisheries. New Delhi.@Yes$Deka R., Lindahl J., Randolph T. and Grace D. (2015).@The White Revolution in India The end or new beginning?.@International Livestock Research Institute.@Yes$The Hindu (2011).@About 70 per cent Indians live in rural areas: Census report.@http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/about70percentindiansliveinruralareascensusreport/article2230211.ece. Accessed 24 Jul 2015.@No$Warner U., Stöhr U. and Hees N. (1989).@Biogas plants in animal husbandry.@153 ref.19.@Yes$Brown R.C. and Brown T.R. (2003).@Biorenewable resources-engineering new products from agriculture.@Lowa state press, London.@Yes$Asiriuwa O.D., Ikhuoria E.G. and Ilori E.G. (2013).@Myco-Remediation Potential of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil.@Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(5), 16-22.@Yes$Coconut Research Institute (CRI) (1994).@Report of Soils and Plant Nutrition Division.@Annual Report, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka, 83-85.@No$Tiquia S.M., Tam N.F.Y. and Hodgkiss I.J. (1997).@Composting of spent pig litter at different seasonal temperatures in subtropical climate.@Environ. Pollut., 98, 97-104. PMID: 15093349.@Yes$Hsu J. and Lo S. (1999).@Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter transformations during composting of pig manure.@Environ. Pollut, 104, 189-196.@Yes$Nicholson A.F., Groves S.J. and Chambers B.J. (2005).@Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application.@Bioresour. Technol, 96, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.030 PMID: 15381209.@Yes$Atreya Kishore (2007).@Pesticide Use in Nepal: Understanding Health Costs from Short- term Exposure.@Working Paper No. 28-07. South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE), Nepal.@Yes$Devi P.I. (2010).@Pesticidesin agriculture-A boon or a curse? A case study of Kerala.@Economic and Political Weekly, 45, 199-207.@Yes$Shetty P.K., Hiremath M.S. and Sreeja K.G. (2010).@Farmer seducation and perception on pesticide use and crop economies in Indian Agriculture.@Journal of Experimental Sciences, 1(1), 3-8.@Yes$World Health Organization (1990).@Report on TBEE. Environmental Health Criteria.@International program on chemical safety.@Yes$Randhawa G.K. and Kullar J.S. (2011).@Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and petrochemicals with gomeya/cow dung.@ISRN Pharmacol., doi:10.5402/2011/362459@Yes$Nuti N.T., Hassan U.F. and Ushie O.A. (2014).@Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Bauchi Urban Area, Nigeria.@International Journal of Modern Analytical and Separation Sciences, 3(1), 13-19.@Yes$Gupta V. and Bakre P.P. (2012).@Heavy metal contamination in ranthambore national park: Feces as bioindicators.@Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(6), 545-550.@Yes$Charan P.D., Singh M. Rakhecha P., Jakhar A.K., Bithoo K.S. and Meena M.K. (2015).@Study of Heavy Metals Concentration in ground water samples collected from Bikaner city, Rajasthan.@International Journal of Engineering Research & Management Technology, 2(5), 14-18.@Yes$Olatunji O.S. and Osibanjo O. (2012).@Distribution and temporal variation of selected heavy metals in sediment of River Osara mainstream drainage in North Central Nigeria.@African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 6(13), 188-194.@Yes$Chindah A.C., Braide S.A., Amakiri J. and Chikwendu S.O.N. (2009).@Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment and Periwinkle -Tympanotonus fuscastus in the Different Ecological Zones of Bonny River System, Niger Delta, Nigeria.@The Open Environmental Pollution & Toxicology Journal, 1, 93-106.@Yes$Sahayaraj P.A. (2006).@Lead contamination in buffaloes reared in the Cooum river belt.@Ph.D., Thesis, submitted to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India.@Yes$Turgut C. (2003).@The contamination of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in surface water in Ku¨c¸u¨k Menderes River in Turke.@Environ. Inter., 29, 29-32.@Yes$Nwadinigwe C.A., Udo G.J. and Nwadinigwe A.O. (2014).@Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations in sediment samples around major tributaries in Ibeno coastal area, Niger Delta, Nigeria.@International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3(11), 254-265.@Yes$Mor F. (2005).@Cadmium and lead in livestock feed and cattle manure from four agricultural areas of Bursa, Turkey.@Toxicol. Environ. Chem, 87, 329-334.@Yes$Yayaha M.I., Mohammad S. and Abdullahi B.K. (2009).@Seasonal Variations of heavy metals concentration in Abattoir Dumping Site Soil in Nigeria.@J. Appl. Environ. Manage., 13(4), 9-13.@Yes$Omar H.E.D.M. (2013).@Seasonal variation of heavy metals accumulation in muscles of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus and in river Nile water and sediments at assiut Governorate, Egypt.@Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 3(2), 236-248.@Yes$Sanleandro P.M., Navarrro A.S., Pereira E.D., Zuniga F.B., Munoz M.R. and Iniesta, M.J.D. (2018).@Assessment of Heavy Metals and Color as Indicators of Contamination in Street Dust of a City in SE Spain: Influence of Traffic Intensity and Sampling Location.@Sustainability, 10(11), 4105.@Yes$Jameel A.A., Sirajudeen J. and Vahith R.A. (2012).@Studies on heavy metal pollution of ground water sources between Tamilnadu and Pondicherry, India.@Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(1), 424-429.@Yes$Udén P., Colucci P.E. and Van Soest P.J. (1980).@Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies.@Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 31(7), 625-632.@Yes$Colerman S.W., Evans B.C. and Horn G.W. (1984).@Some factors influencing estimates of digesta turnover rates using markers.@J. Anim. Sci., 58(4), 979-986.@Yes$Egrinya Eneji A., Yamamoto S., Wen G., Inanaga S. and Honna T. (2005).@A comparative evaluation of wet digestion and dry ashing methods for the determination of some major and minor nutrients in composted manure.@Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 87(2), 147-158.@No$Gracia M.E., Betancourt O., Cueva E. and Gimaraes J.R.D. (2012).@Mining and Seasonal Variation of the Metals Concentration in the Puyango River Basin-Ecuador.@Jouranl of Environmental Protection, 3, 1542-1550.@Yes$Abata E.O., Aiyesanmi A.F., Ayodele O., Olasehinde E.F., Adebayo A.O., Takeda K. and Sakugawa H.I. (2016).@Distribution and Seasonal variation of heavy metals in sediments of urban surface water, South-West Nigeria.@International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(1), 870-898.@Yes$Ogri O.R., Ibok U.J. and Offem O.J. (2003).@Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Great Kwa River estuary, South Eastern Coast of Nigeria.@African Journal of Environmental Pollution and Health, 2(1-2), 1-10.@Yes @Short Communication <#LINE#>Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the silver nano-particles from crude extract of Bergenia ciliata<#LINE#>Kaur@Rupinderpal <#LINE#>28-29<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-003.pdf<#LINE#>Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India<#LINE#>7/1/2019<#LINE#>16/5/2019<#LINE#>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particular interest because of its strong and wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity which might act as a novel bactericide to solve the serious antibiotic resistance problem. It is because of effectiveness in synthesis of the nanoparticles. This study has been designed for the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles also to study the antimicrobial activity. Methanol extracts of plant leaves was prepared using the maceration and were used for the synthesis of silver naoparticles. Bergenia ciliata silver nano particles found to be more effective against various pathogenic bacterial strain as compared to Bergenia ciliata extracts. The synthesized Bergenia ciliata silver nanoparticles showed increased antimicrobial activity. These results have supported greater advantage of use of bio-green methods for preparation of nanoparticles which have greater potential against antimicrobial activitiy.<#LINE#>Sondi I. and Salopek-Sondi B. (2004).@Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria.@J. Colloid Interface Sci., 275, 177-182.@Yes$Xia D., Luob X., Ninga Q., Lud Q., Yaod K. and Liud Z. (2007).@The detection of HBV DNA with gold nanoparticle gene probes.@J. Nanjing Med. Univ, 21, 207-212.@Yes$Bhumkar D.R., Joshi H.M., Sastry M. and Pokharkar V.B. (2007).@Chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles as novel carriers for transmucosal delivery of insulin.@Pharmaceutical research, 24(8), 1415-1426.@Yes$Mazhar-Ul-Islam I.A., Mazhar F., Usmanghani K. and Gill M.A. (2002).@Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bergenia ciliata.@Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(2), 21-27.@Yes$Rajkumar V., Guha G., Kumar R.A. and Mathew L. (2010).@Evaluation of antioxidant activities of Bergenia ciliata rhizome.@Rec. Nat. Prod., 4(1), 38-48.@Yes$Saha S. and Verma R.J. (2013).@Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro by an extract of Bergenia ciliate.@Arab. J. Urol., 11(2), 187-192.@Yes$Sinha S., Murugesan T., Pal M. and Saha B.P. (2001).@Evaluation of anti-tussive activity of Bergenia ciliata Sternb. rhizome extract in mice.@Phytomedicine, 8(4), 298-301.@Yes$Gehlot D. and Bohra A. (2000).@Antibacterial effect of some leaf extracts on Salmonella typhi.@Indian J. Med. Sci., 54(3), 102-105.@Yes$Dhalwal K., Shinde V.M., Biradar Y.S. and Mahadik K.R. (2008).@Simultaneous quantification of bergenin, catechin, and gallic acid from Bergenia ciliata and Bergenia ligulata by using thin layer chromatography.@J. Food Comp. Anal., 21(6), 496-500.@Yes$Zargar M., Hamid A.A., Bakar F.A., Shamsudin M.N., Shameli K., Jahanshiri F. and Farahani F. (2011).@Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L.@Molecules, 16(8), 6667-6676.@Yes$Ruparelia J.P., Chatterjee A.K., Duttagupta S.P. and Mukherji S. (2008).@Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles.@Acta Biomater., 4(3), 707-716.@Yes$Feng Q.L., Wu J., Chen G.O., Cui F.Z., Kim T.N. and Kim J.O. (2000).@A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.@J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 52(4), 662-668.@Yes @Research Paper <#LINE#>Screening of amylase producing bacteria from soil samples of evergreen and deciduous forest<#LINE#> M.R.@Sreelekshmi Mohan,Sanal@Aswathy ,M.B.@Shiburaj ,R.@Pratap Chandran <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2018-079.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology and Research, K.V.M. College of Science and Technology, Kokkothamangalam P. O., Cherthala-688583, Alappuzha District, Kerala, India@National College of Arts and Science, Kallattumukku, Manacaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India@Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India@Department of Biotechnology and Research, K.V.M. College of Science and Technology, Kokkothamangalam P. O., Cherthala-688583, Alappuzha District, Kerala, India<#LINE#>6/10/2018<#LINE#>5/4/2019<#LINE#>Amylase is an industrially important enzyme used for the hydrolysis of dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides and ultimately to glucose. Plants, animals and certain microorganisms produce this amylase and are used for various biochemical reactions. The most stable and reliable source of amylase is obtained from microbes when compared to other sources. The purpose of the current study was to isolate and characterize amylase producing bacteria from soil samples collected from the evergreen and deciduous forest of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. The bacterial colonies were isolated through serial dilution and plating techniques. One bacterial colony which showed the maximum zone of clearance in starch agar plates were isolated and cultured separately. The screening was done on the basis of hydrolysis of starch by amylase on agar plate containing 1% starch. The 16S rDNA sequence of the selected strain was isolated and screened using Clustal W programme and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using a Mega 6 software using neighbor joining method. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus sps.<#LINE#>Aiyer P.D. (2004).@Effect of C: N ratio on alpha amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis SPT 27.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(10), 519-522.@Yes$Monnet D., Joly C., Dole P. and Bliard C. (2010).@Enhanced mechanical properties of partially beta-amylase trimmed starch for material applications.@Carbohydrate Polymers, 80(3), 747-752.@Yes$Souza P.M. and Magalhaes P.O. (2010).@Application of Microbial α-Amylase in Industry - A Review.@Braz. J. Microbiol., 41(4), 850-861.@Yes$Banks W. and Greenwood C.T. (1975).@Starch and its components.@Edinberg University press, Edinberg. ISBN 13: 9780470047118.@Yes$Dhanya G., Madhavan N.K., Swetha S. and Ashok P. (2009).@Immobilized bacterial alpha amylases for effective hydrolysis of raw starch and soluble starch.@Food. Res. Int., 42(4), 436-442.@Yes$Calik P. and Ozdamar T.H. (2001).@Carbon sources affect metabolic capacities of Bacillus species for the production of industrial enzymes: theoretical analyses for serine and neutral proteases and alpha-amylase.@Biochem. Eng. J., 8(1), 61-81.@Yes$Gupta R., Gigras P., Mohapatra H., Goswami V.K. and Chauhan B. (2003).@Microbial α-amylases: a biotechnological perspective.@Process Biochem., 38(11), 1599-1616.@Yes$Gupta A., Gupta V.K., Modi D.R. and Yadava L.P. (2008).@Production and characterization of α-amylase from Aspergillus niger.@Biotechnol., 7(3), 551-556.@Yes$Fogarty W.M. and Kelly C.T. (1980).@Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology.@Academic Press Inc, New York, 5, 115-170.@Yes$Wind R.D., Buitelaar R.M., Huizing H.J. and Dijkhuizen L. (1994).@Characterization of a new Bacillus stearothermophilus isolate: a highly thermostable α-amylase producing strain.@Appl. Micrbiol.Biotechnol., 41(2), 155-162.@Yes$Takasaki Y. (1983).@An amylase producing maltotetraose and from maltopentaose from B. circulans.@Agric. Biol. Chem., 47(10), 2193-2199.@Yes$Brumm P.J., Hebeda R.E. and Teague W.M. (1991).@Purification and characterization of the commercialized, cloned Bacillus megaterium-amylase. Part I: purification and hydrolytic properties.@Starch Staerke., 43(8), 315-319.@Yes$Takasaki Y. (1985).@An amylase producing maltotriose from B. subtilis.@Agric. Biol. Chem., 49(4), 1091-1097.@Yes$Murray H.G. and Thompson W.F. (1980).@Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight DNA.@Nucleic Acids Res., 8(19), 4321-4326.@Yes$Lin L.L., Tsau M.R. and Chu W.S. (1994).@General characteristics of thermostable amylopullulanases and amylases from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. TS-23.@Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 42(1), 51-56.@Yes$Saxena R.K., Dutt K., Agarwal L. and Nayyar P. (2007).@A highly thermostable and alkaline amylase from a Bacillus sp. PN5.@Bioresour. Technol., 98(2), 260-265.@Yes$El-Banna T.E., Abd-Aziz A.A., Abou-Dobara M.I. and Ibrahim R.I. (2007).@Production and immobilization of alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis.@Pak. J.Biol. Sci., 10(12), 2039-2047.@Yes$Divakaran D., Chandran A. and Chandran R.P. (2011).@Comparative Study on Production of α-Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis strains.@Braz. J. Microbiol., 42(4), 1397-1404.@Yes$Pandey A., Nigam P., Soccol C.R., Soccol V.T., Singh D. and Mohan R. (2000).@Advances in microbial amylases.@Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 31, 135-152.@Yes$Smits J.P., Rinzema A., Tramper J., Sonsbeek H.M. and Knol W. (1996).@Solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by Trichoderma reesei QM9414: substrate composition changes, C balance, enzyme production, growth and kinetics.@Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 46, 489-496.@Yes