@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of fertilizer application on growth performance of Mansonia altissima (A. Chev.) seedlings<#LINE#>O.F.@Fasalejo , D.E. @Abanikanda,C.J.@Offiah  <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-082.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria@Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria@Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria<#LINE#>7/8/2019<#LINE#>14/11/2019<#LINE#>The experiment comprised of two different factors such as three fertilizer media: Poultry droplet, Cow dung and NPK 15.15.15 and six fertilizer concentration levels with 2kg of top soil each. The experiment was set up in Two-factor factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications.Two weeks after fertilizer treatment (WAP), data were collected fortnightly. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means found to differ significantly were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p = 0.05. Results indicate significant differences in seedlings heights, collar diameter and in leaves count. All results obtained show that poultry droplet medium performed better. Since the use of cow dung improved the seedlings growth significantly, it is therefore recommended that it should be used to raise M. altissima seedlings in nurseries.<#LINE#>FAO (2014).@Enhancing the Socioeconomic benefits from forest. State of the world&prime;s forest.@Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, Italy, 133.@No$Hartmann H.T., Kester D.E. Davies F.T. and Genve R.I. (2007).@Plant propagation, principles and practices.@Seventh edition. Prentice Hall of India Private limited, 880.@No$Baiyeri K.P. and Mbah B.N. (2006).@Effects of soilless and soil based nursery media on seedling emergence, growth and response to water stress of African breadfruit	(Treculia Africana Decne).@African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 1405-1410.@Yes$Baiyeri K.P. (2005).@The effects of genotype, initiation and weaning media on sucker growth and quality in the nursery.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(3), 229-234.@No$Pinkard E.A., Ballie C., Patel V. and Mohammed C.L. (2007).@Effects of fertilizing with Nitrogen and Phosphorus on growth and crown condition of Eucalyptus globules Labill. experiencing insect defoliation.@Forest Ecol. Manage., 231, 131-137.@Yes$Hoque A.T., Hossian M.K., Mohiuddin M. and Hoque M.M. (2004).@Effect of inorganic fertilizers on initial growth performance of Micheliachampaca Linn. 	Seedling in Nursery.@J. Biol. Sci., 4, 489-497.@Yes$Silva J.A. and Uchida R. (2000).@Inorganic Fertilizer Materials.@College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Manoa., 117.@No$Onyekwelu J.C. (2001).@Growth Characteristics and Management Scenarios for plantation-grown Gmelinaarborea and Naucleadiderrichii in south-westernNigeria.@Published Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Silviculture and Forest Management, Technical University of Technology, Munich, Germany. Hieronymus Publishers, Munich Germany; ISBN 3-89791-235-X, 201pp.@Yes$Oni P.I., Jimoh S.O. and Adebisi L.A. (2014).@Management of indigenous	medicinal plants in Nigeria using phenological information.@J Med Plants Res, 8(16), 619-631.@Yes$Hector R.G. (2000).@Regeneration patterns of Cedrelalilloi(Meliaceae) in north western Argentina Subtropical Montane Forest.@Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 227-242.@Yes$Ichie T., Ninomiya I. and Ogino K. (2001).@Utilization of seed reserves during germination and early seedling growth by Dryobalanopslanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae).@Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17, 371-378.@Yes$Mohammad R.H. and Solaiman A.H. (2012).@Efficacy of organic and organic fertilizer on the growth of Brassica oleracea L. (Cabbage).@International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(3), 128-138.@Yes$Aluko A.P. (1983).@Growths in Terminalia ivorensisseedling as affected by increasing levels of various nitrogen fertilizer.@In: Okojie, J. A. and P. C.Obiaga (Eds.). Forest Resources Development and the sourcing of local raw material in Nigeria: Proceeding of the 19th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria.@No$Gbadamosi A.E. (2006).@Fertilizer response in seedlings of medicinal Enantiachlorantha	Oliv.@Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystem, 6(2), 111-115.@Yes
<#LINE#>Piperine production from endophytic fungi of Piper nigrum l and its In Silico approach for anti-inflammatory and anti-mycobacterial potential<#LINE#>T. @Krishna,K. @Yashwanti,U.@ Surendra,S. @Ateet,K.M. @Kumar <#LINE#>8-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-083.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Reva Institute of Science and Management, Banglore&ndash;560064, India@Department of Biotechnology, Reva Institute of Science and Management, Banglore&ndash;560064, India@Department of Biotechnology, Reva Institute of Science and Management, Banglore&ndash;560064, India@Department of Biotechnology, Reva Institute of Science and Management, Banglore&ndash;560064, India@Centre for R&D Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Banglore-78, India<#LINE#>14/8/2019<#LINE#>10/11/2019<#LINE#>Present study was aimed at culturing endophytic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Piper nigrum L. and extracting alkaloid piperine from submerged fermentation of isolated fungal endophyte. We also aimed for an in silico approach on anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory role of piperine. Stems of Piper nigrum L. were spread plated on fungal selective media (Arginine glycerol media; AGA), and hyphae from identified fungal culture were subjected for submerged fermentation in Martin&prime;s Rose Bengal Broth media. The secondary metabolite produced exogenously on broth media was extracted several times with ethyl acetate and concentrated by rotary evaporator. Screening was done via comparative study of crude extract and standard piperine under Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis. Piperine and some major derivatives were autodocked against active site of efflux protein Rv1258c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comparative docking of piperine and some widely used NSAIDS with active site of COX2 enzymes was done to understand anti-inflammatory potential of piperine. Fungal endophytes identification was done on morphological basis by Lacto phenol Cotton Blue staining focusing on conidiophores and conidia. Crude extract from fungal fermentation and standard piperine showed similar TLC analysis and antimicrobial activity results. Auto-docking result showed piperitine to have least binding energy (-104.914kCal/Mole) with active site of efflux protein Rv1258c. Also, compared to widely used NSAIDs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Declofenac), piperine showed lesser binding energy (-92.383kCal/Mole) with active site of prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme COX2. Fungal fermentation mediated successful extraction of piperine in this study suggests for future approach for large-scale commercial production of such natural bioactive compounds. Piperine derivative piperitine can be successfully used in ant-tubercular therapy for enhancing bioavailability of antimycobacterial drug like rifampicin. The latent toxicity of anti-inflammatory drugs can be well addressed by use of natural bioactive compounds like piperine showing anti-inflammatory activity.<#LINE#>Santoyo G., Moreno-Hagelsieb G., del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda M. and Glick B.R. (2016).@Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes.@Microbiological research, 183, 92-99.@Yes$Kusari S. and Spiteller M. (2012).@Metabolomics of endophytic fungi producing associated plant secondary metabolites: progress, challenges and opportunities.@Metabolomics, 241-266.@Yes$Redecker D., Kodner R. and Graham L.E. (2000).@Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician.@Science, 289, 1920-1921.@Yes$Schulz B., R&ouml;mmert A-K., Dammann U., Aust H-J. and Strack D. (1999).@The endophyte-host interaction: a balanced antagonism?.@Mycological Research, 103, 1275-1283.@Yes$Joseph B. and Priya R.M. (2011).@Bioactive Compounds from Endophytes and their Potential in.@American journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 1, 291-309.@Yes$Gouda S., Das G., Sen S.K., Shin H-S. and Patra J.K. (2016).@Endophytes: a treasure house of bioactive compounds of medicinal importance.@Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 1538.@Yes$Chithra S., Jasim B., Sachidanandan P., Jyothis M. and Radhakrishnan E.K. (2014).@Piperine production by endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Piper nigrum.@Phytomedicine, 21, 534-540. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.020 S0944-7113(13)00429-7 [pii].@Yes$Kiuchi F., Nakamura N., Tsuda Y., Kondo K. and Yoshimura H. (1988).@Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. IV. Isolation and identification of larvicidal principles in pepper.@Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 36, 2452-2465.@Yes$McNamara F.N., Randall A. and Gunthorpe M.J. (2005).@Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1).@Br J Pharmacol, 144, 781-790. doi: 0706040 [pii]10.1038/sj.bjp.0706040.@Yes$Majdalawieh A.F. and Carr R.I. (2010).@In vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).@Journal of Medicinal Food, 13, 371-381.@Yes$Tatiraju D.V., Bagade V.B., Karambelkar P.J., Jadhav V.M. and Kadam V. (2013).@Natural bioenhancers: An overview.@J Pharmacogn Phytochem, 2, 55-60.@Yes$Sharma S., Kumar M., Sharma S., Nargotra A., Koul S. and Khan I.A. (2010).@Piperine as an inhibitor of Rv1258c, a putative multidrug efflux pump of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.@Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 65, 1694-1701.@Yes$Srinivasan K. (2007).@Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects.@Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 47, 735-748.@Yes$Li Q., Cheng T., Wang Y. and Bryant S.H. (2010).@PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.@Drug discovery today, 15, 1052-1057.@Yes$Li Z., Wan H., Shi Y. and Ouyang P. (2004).@Personal experience with four kinds of chemical structure drawing software: review on ChemDraw, ChemWindow, ISIS/Draw, and ChemSketch.@Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 44(5), 1886-1890.@Yes$Yang J.M. and Chen C.C. (2004).@GEMDOCK: a generic evolutionary method for molecular docking.@Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 55(2), 288-304.@Yes$Watanabe T. (2010).@Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species.@CRC press.@Yes$Clark A.M. (1996).@Natural products as a resource for new drugs.@Pharmaceutical research, 13, 1133-1141.@Yes$Dhanalakshmi R., Umamaheswari S., Sugandhi P. and Prasanth D.A. (2013).@Biodiversity of the endophytic fungi isolated from Moringa oleifera of Yercaud hills.@International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(3), 1064.@Yes$Kharwar R.N., Mishra A., Gond S.K., Stierle A. and Stierle D. (2011).@Anticancer compounds derived from fungal endophytes: their importance and future challenges.@Natural product reports, 28, 1208-1228.@Yes$Strobel G.A. (2003).@Endophytes as sources of bioactive products.@Microbes and infection, 5(6), 535-544.@Yes$Rodriguez R., White Jr J., Arnold A.E. and Redman R. (2009).@Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles.@New phytologist, 182, 314-330.@Yes$Chaveerach A., Mokkamul P., Sudmoon R. and Tanee T. (2006).@Ethnobotany of the genus Piper (Piperaceae) in Thailand.@Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 4, 223-231.@Yes$Parmar V.S., Jain S.C., Bisht K.S., Jain R., Taneja P., Jha A., Tyagi O.D., Prasad A.K., Wengel J. and Olsen C.E. (1997).@Phytochemistry of the genus Piper.@Phytochemistry, 46, 597-673.@Yes$Banerjee D., Pandey A., Jana M. and Strobel G. (2014).@Muscodor albus MOW12 an Endophyte of Pipernigrum L.(Piperaceae) Collected from North East India Produces Volatile Antimicrobials.@Indian journal of microbiology, 54, 27-32.@Yes$Meghwal M. and Goswami T. (2013).@Piper nigrum and piperine: an update.@Phytotherapy Research, 27, 1121-1130.@Yes$Wadhwa S., Singhal S. and Rawal S. (2014).@Bioavailability enhancement by piperine: a review.@Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 1.@Yes$Pal Singh I. and Choudhary A. (2015).@Piperine and derivatives: trends in structure-activity relationships.@Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 15(17), 1722-1734.@Yes
<#LINE#>Microbial quality and antibiotic residues in pasteurised milk in and around Addis Ababa<#LINE#>Shiferaw@Legesse ,Taye@Mestawet ,Welearegay@Haile  <#LINE#>16-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-085.pdf<#LINE#>Ethiopia Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute Bishoftu, East Shoa, Ethioipa@Dairy Science and Technology Department, Hawassaa University College of Agriculture Hawassa, Southern, Ethiopia@Dairy Science and Technology Department, Hawassaa University College of Agriculture Hawassa, Southern, Ethiopia<#LINE#>21/8/2019<#LINE#>4/11/2019<#LINE#>Milk samples were collected in and around Addis Ababa city from nine milk processing plants and twenty three supermarkets. A total of 100 (27 from line, 27 from packed, 46 from supermarkets) pasteurized milk samples were collected. The overall average of total bacteria and coliform count of pasteurized milk from processing plants and supermarkets was 5.08 log10cfu ml-1, 4.059 log10 cfu ml-1, 5.44 log10cfu ml-1 and 3.89 log10cfu ml-1 respectively. In all processing plants and supermarkets yeast and mould was not detected. Coliform and total bacterial count did not significantly vary (P>0.05) in pasteurized milk from the different categories of processing plants. The average total bacterial count in milk from different categories of supermarkets were significantly different (P<0.05). To ensure safety and quality of milk and health of the public, it is suggested to follow hygienic practice on milk production and handling.<#LINE#>Abrahamsen R., Borg G., Harstad O., Haug A. and Wetlessen A. (2007).@Milk Quality-Future Approach from a Research&prime;s Point of Vie Nor egian food research institute (Matforsk).@Osloveien, Norway.@No$Gerrit Smit (2003).@Dairy processing Improving quality.@USA, 14-26.@Yes$Jones G.M. And Seymour E.H. (1988).@Cowside antibiotic residue testing.@Journal of dairy science, 71(6), 1691-1699.@Yes$Woldemariam H. and Asres A. (2017).@Microbial and Physicochemical Qualities of Pasteurized Milk.@Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 8, 651.@Yes$Central Statistical Agency (2015).@Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Investigatory.@Statistical abstract.@No$Arsham H. (2007).@Questionnaire design and survey sampling.@9th edition.@Yes$Richardson G. (1985).@Standard Method for the Examination of Dairy Products, 15th ed.@American Public Health Association, Washington D.C. USA.@No$QSAE (2001).@Ethiopian Standards Quality Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE).@Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 456.@No$NMKL (2006).@Nordic Committee on Food Analysis.@26-28.@No$Yousef A.E. and Carlstrom C. (2003).@Food Microbiology; a Laboratory Manual.@A John Weiley and Son. Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, Canada, 277.@Yes$Ethiopia Standard (2015).@Pasteurized liquid milk specification.@134.@No$American Dairy Science Association (2017).@History of ADSA.@accessed Sep. 4, 2017, USA.@No$Elmagli A.A.O., Ibtisam E.M. and Zubeir E.L. (2006).@Study on the hygienic quality of pasteurized milk in Khartoum State (Sudan).@Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1(1), 12-17.@Yes$Reinemann D., Mein G. and Bray D. (1999).@Troubleshooting high bacteria counts in farm milk.@University of Wisconsin Coop Ext Pub A 3705, Madison WI, 35-39.@No$Murphy S. and Allen L. (2009).@Nutritional importance of animal source foods.@Journal of Nutrition, 2003.@No$Abebew Desalegne (2008).@Detection and determination of Oxytetracycline and penicillin G antibiotic residue levels in bovine bulk milk from Debre zeit and Nazareth dairy farms, Ethiopia.@@Yes$Borges T., Santan P., Mesquita J., Mesquita P., Silva F. and Nunes V. (2000).@Antibiotic residues in pasteurized milk produced and marketed in Goias, Brazil.@Cienc. Anim. Brasileira., 1, 59-63.@Yes$Sternesj&ouml; &Aring;. and Johnsson G. (1998).@A novel rapid enzyme immunoassay (Fluorophos BetaScreen) for detection of &#946;-lactam residues in ex-farm raw milk.@Journal of food protection, 61(7), 808-811.@Yes$Briefing (2014).@The impacts of antibiotic use in animals on human health and animal welfare.@1-16.@No$Lagrange W. and Hammond E. (1993).@The shelf life of dairy products.@In: Charlambous, G. (Ed.), Development in Food Science Shelf life Studies of Foods and Beverages. New York: Elsevier, 17.@No$Labuza T.P. (1982).@Shelf-life dating of foods.@Food & Nutrition Press, Inc.@Yes
<#LINE#>Status of fisheries in Lake Pulangui, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines<#LINE#>Gracia Jr.@Arturo G.  <#LINE#>27-33<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-090.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur, Philippines<#LINE#>26/8/2019<#LINE#>27/9/2019<#LINE#>This study was conducted to assess the status of fisheries and productivity in Lake Pulangui in Bukidnon. Twelve percent (40) of the total fishermen in different age brackets were considered as respondents/key-informants to gather information on the lake&prime;s status. Results revealed that there was a gradual decreased in the total number of fishermen (n=326) in this study as compared to the retrieved data from the years 2011 (n=379) and 2005 (n=390).  Gill-nets, cast-nets, and fish-pots were the commonly used fishing gears. However, 6 illegal fishing gears were occasionally reported in the area. On the other hand, the average Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) is 6 kilograms indicating that the lake has a fish production of 713,940kilograms in a year which is 35.76% lesser as compared to the year 2011. Among the species recorded, Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio were commonly harvested and sold with a price of USD 0.50-1.20/kg. The average kilogram of fish sold per day/person is 3 kilograms with a price of USD 0.70/kg, thus, revealing the total annual revenue of USD 249,879.  The results indicate that there was a significant decrease in fish production due to the alteration of the lake&prime;s physical property.<#LINE#>FAO. (2016).@The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016.@Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200.@No$Delgado C., Wada N., Rosegrant M., Meijer S. and Ahmed M. (2003).@Outlook for Fish to 2020: Meeting Global Demand, International Food Policy Research Institute.@WorldFish Centre,Penang, Malaysia.@Yes$Sanchirico J.N. and Wilen J.E. (2007).@Global marine fisheries resources: status and prospects.@International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 7(2-3), 106-118.@Yes$Pauly D., Christensen V., Gu&eacute;nette S., Pitcher T., Sumaila U., Walters C., Watson R. and Zeller R. (2002).@Towards sustainability in world fisheries.@Nature, 418, 689-695.@Yes$Muallil R.N., Cabral R., Mamauag S. and Ali&ntilde;o P. (2012).@Status, trend and sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the Philippines.@In 12th International Coral Reef Symposium, 9-13.@Yes$Bersales L.G.S. (2018).@Fisheries Statistics of the Philippines.@2015-2017, 26. ISNN 2012-0397.@Yes$Gam H.S., Elder J.F., Robertson D.M. and Team L.S. (2003).@Why Study Lakes: An Overview of USGS Lake Studies in Winsconsin.@US Department of the Interior, US Geographical Society.@Yes$Palma A.L. (2016).@Restoration and Enhancement of Fisheries in Philippine Lakes and Reservoirs.@In: Kawamura Hajime, Tsuyoshi Iwata, Yuttana Theparoonrat, Nopporn Manajit, and Virgilia T. Sulit. (Eds). 2016. Consolidating the Strategies for Fishery Resources Enhancement in Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the Symposium on Strategy for Fisheries Resources Enhancement in the Southeast Asian Region, Pattaya, Thailand, 27-30 July 2015. Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Samutprakan, Thailand; pp 107-110.@Yes$Quimpang V.T. and Gregorio M.R. (2014).@Assessment of water quality, primary production and trophic state of Bukidnon lakes, Central Mindanao, Philippines.@CMU Journal of Science, 18, 15-29.@No$Palma A.L. and Bartolome V.M. (2016).@Enhancing the fishery resources in Philippine lakes: The Philippine national inland fisheries enhancement program.@Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. Fish for the People, 14(3).@Yes$BFAR. (2014).@Philippine Fisheries Profile.@Department of Agriculture &ndash; Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources@No$Camacho A.S. (1999).@Major Issues, Policies and Strategies of Fisheries.@Trans. Natl. Acad. Sci. Tech. Philippines, 21, 120-148. (/999).fSSN 0115-8848@No$Quimpang V.T. (1991).@Bukidnon Lake Fisheries: A Preliminary Survey.@CMU Journal of Science, 4(2), 47-56.@Yes$Repolidon J.M. (2013).@Fisheries in Lake Pulangui, Maramag, Bukidnon.@Unpublished article.@No$BFAR. (2018).@Philippine Fisheries Profile.@Department of Agriculture &ndash; Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources.@No$Paller V.G.V., Labatos Jr. B.V., Lontoc B.M., Matalog O.E. and Ocampo P.P. (2011).@Freshwater Fish Fauna in Watersheds of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines.@Philippine Journal of Science, 140(2), 195-206.@Yes$Galarpe V.R.K.R., Heyasa K.J.L. and Heyasa B.B.L. (2017).@Water Quality and Risk Assessment of Tributary Rivers in San Fernando, Bukidnon Philippines.@J. Bio. Env. Sci., 11(1), 266-273.@Yes$Birthwell I.K. (1999).@The effects of sedimentation on fish and its habitat.@Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 15. ISSN 1480-4883.@Yes$Birthwell I.K. (1999).@The effects of sedimentation on fish and its habitat.@Fisheries and Oceans Canada. ISSN 1480-4883.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial activity from various plant extracts against Streptococcus species<#LINE#>Karthick@P. Jeyavel ,Aarthi@B. ,Nivedha@S.  <#LINE#>34-36<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-087.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode&ndash;637 205, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode&ndash;637 205, Tamilnadu, India@Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode&ndash;637 205, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>26/8/2019<#LINE#>5/10/2019<#LINE#>Three medicinal plants such as Thespesia populnea, Ricinus communis and Catharanthus roseus were screened for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus species with the different combinations. Coconut oil, Neem oil and Aloevera gel were mixed with the medicinal plants separately to screen them for their antibacterial activity. Agar well diffusion technique was carried out. Among these three plants Thespesia populnea fruit with coconut oil and aloevera gel showed high zone of clearance when compared to others.<#LINE#>Daniel S. Fabricant and Norman R. Farnsworth (2001).@The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery.@Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(1), 69-75. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s169.@Yes$Jain D.L., Bahetim A.M., Jain S.R. and Khandelwal K.R. (2010).@Use of medicinal plants among tribes in Satpuda region of Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra-An etnobotanical survey.@.Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(1), 152-157. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/7174@Yes$Sanjay Kr Uniyal, Singh K.N., Pankaj Jamwal and Brij Lal. (2006).@Traditional use of medicinal plants among the tribal communities of Chhota Bhangal, Western Himalaya.@Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2(14), 1-8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-14.@Yes$Parthasarathy R., Ilavarasan R. and Nandanwar R. (2010).@A study on preliminary phytochemical and diuretic activity of bark of Thespesia populnea.@International Journal of pharma science and research, 1(2), 72-77.@Yes$Wadood A., Ghufran M., Jamal B., Naeem M. and Khan A. (2013).@Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants Occurring in Local Area of Mardan.@Journal of Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry, 2(4). doi: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000144.@Yes$Kumar N.S. and Simon N. (2016).@In vitro antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of crude leaf extracts of Thespesia populnea (l).@Int. J. of Curr. Res. in Life Sci, 5(3), 566-568.  http://vipspublisher.com/ijcrls.com/sites/ default/files/issues-pdf/00501.pdf.@Yes$Sandip Kale, Tejaswini B. Pathare and Shivaji A. Lavale (2018).@Identification of phytochemicals and alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus and study of their antimicrobial activity.@International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3), 431-433.@Yes$Basyuni M., Sari D.P., Illian D.N. and Hasibuan P.A.Z. (2019).@Characterization of phytochemical, physicochemical and microscopic from five selected mangrove associate leaves.@IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 251. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/251/1/012019.@Yes$Valgas C., Souza S.M.D., Sm&acirc;nia E.F. and Sm&acirc;nia Jr, A. (2007).@Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38(2), 369-380. doi: 83822007000200034.@Yes$Dhankhar S., Arya V.P., Yadav S. and Yadav J.P. (2012).@Antimicrobial activity of Salvadora oleoides Decne. against some microorganisms.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(14), 2754-2760. doi: 10.5897/JMPR11.763.@Yes$Mahesh B. and Satish S. (2008).@Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens.@World journal of agricultural sciences, 4(5), 839-843.@Yes$Parekh J. and Chanda S. (2008).@Antibacterial activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of 34 Indian medicinal plants against some Staphylococcus species.@Turkish journal of Biology, 32(1), 63-71. https://journals. tubitak.gov.tr/biology/abstract.htm?id=9336.@Yes$Krzysztof Sieradzki and Alexander Tomasz (1997).@Suppression of lactam antibiotic resistance in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through synergic action of early cell wall inhibitors and some other antibiotics.@Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 39(1), 47-51. doi: 10.1093/jac/39.suppl_1.47.@Yes$Dele Davies H., Allison Mcgeer., Benjamin Schwartz., Karen Green., Darlene Cann., Andrew E. Simor., Donald E. Low. and The Ontario group A Streptococcal study group (1996).@Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Ontario, Canada.@The New England Journal of Medicine, 335(8), 547-554, doi: 10.1056/NEJM199608223350803.@Yes$Lawrence R., Tripathi P. and Jeyakumar E. (2009).@Isolation, purification and evaluation of antibacterial agents from Aloe vera.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 40(4), 906-915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822009000400023.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>The importance of genetic variation in wildlife populations and its relationship with the structure and conservation of habitats, a critical review<#LINE#>Simon@T.M.  <#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-088.pdf<#LINE#>School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management, Department of Tourism Management, Moi University, Kenya<#LINE#>26/8/2019<#LINE#>7/10/2019<#LINE#>Other than natural causes, human actions and inactions through habitat destruction and ineffective implementation of species management and conservation plans are major causes of species extinctions. This study sought to systematically review the importance of habitats in enhancing genetic variation in preventing extinction and relate this to conservation practices. Findings confirm that intact and unfragmented habitats and genetic variation are important aspect in species conservation. 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