@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Agricultural crop growth biophysical parameters estimation by machine learning using microwave satellite data<#LINE#>Kumar@Pradeep ,Choudhary@Arti ,Prasad@Rajendra ,Gupta@Dileep Kumar ,Amarawat@Meenakshi ,Shukla@Gaurav ,Singh@Abhay Kumar  <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-043.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India@Transport Planning and Environment Division, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, India@Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India@Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India@Department of Botany, Bhupal Noble&prime;s University Udaipur, India@Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India@Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India<#LINE#>12/4/2019<#LINE#>5/9/2019<#LINE#>Agriculture sector is the most significant for the Indian economy. So, it becomes necessary to estimate agricultural crop growth biophysical parameters for the proper crop monitoring and forecasting of the crop yield. The objectives of the research are estimation and comparison of wheat crop biophysical parameters using Sentinel-1A images by linear kernel based support vector regression (SVR) model, radial basis function based artificial neural network regression (ANNR) machine learning model and linear regression (LR) model. The ground samples of wheat crop growth biophysical parameters like as leaf area index (LAI), plant height (PH), fresh biomass (FB), dry biomass (DB), and vegetation water content (VWC) were collected during 8 January 2015 to 29 April 2015. The estimated results are statistically analysed and compared by coefficient of determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), %bias and by the analysis of root mean square error (RMSE). Overall good results such as R2 = 0.919, %bias = 1.153, NSE = 0.925 and RMSE = 0.661 values were found for the estimation of VWC using ANNR model. Whereas, LR model performed poorly for the PH estimation with the R2 = 0.662, %bias = 5.638, NSE = 0.627 and RMSE = 18.347 values at C-band. The SVR and ANNR models are found more suitable for wheat crop biophysical parameters estimation in compare to the LR modeling approach. The outcomes of the present study by different models may offer the valuable information for accurate monitoring of multiple crops in future for better crop production.<#LINE#>Jiao X., Kovacs J.M., Shang J., McNairn H., Walters D., Ma B. and Geng X. (2014).@Object-oriented crop mapping and monitoring using multi-temporal polarimetric RADARSAT-2 data.@ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 96, 38-46.@Yes$Kumar P., Gupta D.K., Mishra V.N. and Prasad R. (2015).@Comparison of support vector machine, artificial neural network, and spectral angle mapper algorithms for crop classification using LISS IV data.@International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(6), 1604-1617.@Yes$Kumar P., Prasad R., Choudhary A., Mishra V.N., Gupta D. K. and Srivastava P.K. (2017).@A statistical significance of differences in classification accuracy of crop types using different classification algorithms.@Geocarto International, 32(2), 206-224.@Yes$McNairn H., Ellis J., Van Der Sanden J.J., Hirose T. and Brown R.J. (2002).@Providing crop information using RADARSAT-1 and satellite optical imagery.@International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(5), 851-870.@Yes$Blaes X., Vanhalle L. and Defourny P. (2005).@Efficiency of crop identification based on optical and SAR image time series.@Remote sensing of environment, 96(3-4), 352-365.@Yes$Haldar D., Chakraborty M., Manjunath K.R. and Parihar J. S. 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(1995).@The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory.@Springer-Verlag, New York.@Yes$Durbha S.S., King R.L. and Younan N.H. (2007).@Support vector machines regression for retrieval of leaf area index from multiangle imaging spectroradiometer.@Remote Sensing of Environment, 107(1-2), 348-361.@Yes$Wang L.A., Zhou X., Zhu X., Dong Z. and Guo W. (2016).@Estimation of biomass in wheat using random forest regression algorithm and remote sensing data.@The Crop Journal, 4(3), 212-219.@Yes$Kumar P., Prasad R., Mishra V.N., Gupta D.K., Choudhary A. and Srivastava P.K. (2015).@Artificial neural network with different learning parameters for crop classification using multispectral datasets.@International conference on microwave, optical and communication engineering, December 18-20, IIT Bhubaneswar, India.@Yes$Kumar P., Prasad R., Mishra V.N., Gupta D.K. and Singh S.K. (2016).@Artificial neural network for crop classification using C-band RISAT-1 satellite datasets.@Russian agricultural sciences, 42(3-4), 281-284.@Yes$Gupta D.K., Kumar P., Mishra V.N., Prasad R., Dikshit P.K.S., Dwivedi S.B., Ohri A., Singh R.S. and Srivastava V. (2015).@Bistatic measurements for the estimation of rice crop variables using artificial neural network.@Adv. Space Res., 55, 1613-1626.@Yes$Gupta D.K., Prasad R., Kumar P. and Mishra V.N. (2015).@Estimation of crop variables using bistatic scatterometer data and artificial neural network trained by empirical models.@Comput Electron Agric., 123, 64-73.@Yes$Pandey A., Jha S.K. and Prasad R. (2010).@Retrieval of crop parameters of spinach by radial basis neural network approach using X-band scatterometer data.@Russian Agri Sci., 36, 312-315.@Yes$Prasad R., Kumar R. and Singh D. 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(2016).@Crop monitoring based on SPOT-5 take-5 and Sentinel-1A data for the estimation of crop water requirements.@Remote Sensing, 8(6), 525.@Yes$Kumar P., Prasad R., Choudhary A., Gupta D.K., Mishra V. N., Vishwakarma A.K. and Srivastava P.K. (2019).@Comprehensive evaluation of soil moisture retrieval models under different crop cover types using C-band synthetic aperture radar data.@Geocarto International, 34(9), 1022-1041. doi.org/10./10106049.2018.1464601. pp. 1-20.@Yes$Vapnik V., Golowich S.E. and Smola A.J. (1997).@Support vector method for function approximation, regression estimation and signal processing.@In Advances in neural information processing systems, 281-287.@Yes$Anandhi V. and Chezian R.M. (2013).@Support vector regression to forecast the demand and supply of pulpwood.@International journal of future computer and communication, 2, 266-269.@Yes$Powell M.J.D. (1987).@Radial basis functions for multivariable interpolation: A review, in Algorithms for Approximarion.@J.C. 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<#LINE#>Uses of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants in orthopedic treatment of domestic animals in the southern Aravali region, India<#LINE#>Amarawat@Meenakshi ,Kumar@Pradeep ,Rathore@M.S.  <#LINE#>9-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-044.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Bhupal Noble&prime;s University Udaipur 313001, India@Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005, India@Department of Botany, Bhupal Noble&prime;s University Udaipur 313001, India<#LINE#>12/4/2019<#LINE#>15/8/2019<#LINE#>The present study gives brief information about ethno-veterinary medicinal plants uses for the treatment of bone fracturing, wound healing and maggots in domestic animals by the local tribal peoples of southern Aravali region in Rajasthan, India. The major economic units of this region are contour farming, animal husbandry, forest products and manual labor. Since animal husbandry is the main economic unit for tribal peoples of southern Aravalizone; it is important to study on current animal health care system in the region. The life line of tribal peoples of this region is pastoral farming. The domestic livestock species they care for livelihood are Cows, Oxen, Goats, Sheep and Poultry. Besides the tremendous progress happened in the modern animal health care in the rest of the Rajasthan, this region is still far from the reach of modern health facility. The tribals and other local communities of this region still depended upon ethnic treatment from the local medicinal plants. Based upon field work, surveys, and interviews with healers, feedback received from local communities and herbarium analysis, we have reported 27 medicinal plants that have been using for the orthopedic treatment of domestic animals. The Physiography of southern Aravali has undulating and rocky topography with high and low hills which are full of brambles and white concrete pebbles; this may be one of the reasons for bone fracturing and injury of hooves in animals. Also, for the plow and bullock carriage, they use nose rope and mouth halter to the animals that causes wound and resulting in maggot&prime;s infection.<#LINE#>McCorkle C.M. (1986).@An introduction to ethno veterinary research and development.@J. Ethnobiol, 6(1), 129-149.@Yes$Balaji N. and Chakravarthi P.V. (2010).@Ethnoveterinary Practices in India-A review.@Veterinary world, 3(22).@Yes$McCorkle C.M. (1995).@Back to the future: Lessons from ethnoveterinary RD&E for studying and applying local knowledge.@Agriculture and Human values, 12(2), 52-80.@Yes$Toyang J.N., Mopoi N., Ndi C., Sali-Django and Wirmum C.K. (1995).@Ethnoveterinary Medicine Practices in the North West Province, Cameroon.@Indigenous Knowledge Development and Monitor, 3(3), 20-22.@Yes$Toyang N.J., Wanyama J., Nuwanyakpa M. and Django S. (2007).@Ethnoveterinary Medicine: a practical approach to the treatment of cattle diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (Second edition).@Agromisa Foundation and CTA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 17-19.@Yes$Monteiro A.M., Wanyangu S.W., Kariuki D.P., Bain R., Jackson F. and McKellar Q.A. (1998).@Pharmaceutical quality of anthelmintics sold in Kenya.@Veterinary Record, 142(15), 396-398.@Yes$Bonet M.&Agrave;. and Valles J. (2007).@Ethnobotany of Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula): plants used in veterinary medicine.@Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110(1), 130-147.@Yes$Luseba D., Elgorashi E.E., Ntloedibe D.T. and Van Staden J. (2007).@Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and mutagenic effects of some medicinal plants used in South Africa for the the treatment of wounds and retained placenta in livestock.@South African Journal of Botany, 73, 378-383.@Yes$Kubkomawa H.I., Nafarnda D.W., Adamu S.M., Tizhe M.A., Daniel TK., Shua N.J., Ugwu C.C., Opara M.N., Neils J.S. and Okoli I.C. (2013).@Ethno-veterinary health management practices amongst livestock producers in Africa &ndash; A review.@World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(8), 252-257.@Yes$Banerjee D.K. (1974).@Obeservation on ethnobotany of Araku valley.@Visakhapatnam, A.P.J. Science Club, 33(1), 14-21.@No$Koelz W.N. (1979).@Notes on the ethnobotany of Lahul, a province of the Punjab.@Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, 17(1), 1-56.@Yes$Guha A. (1986).@Folk Medicine of the Boro-Kacharis-A Plains Tribe of Assam.@Tribal Health: Socio-cultural dimensions.@Yes$Maheshwari J.K., Singh K.K. and Saha S. (1989).@Ethnobotany of tribals of Mizapur, U.P.@National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow.@No$Chaterjee Asima and Prakash S.C. (1981).@The treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants.@9, 451.@No$Saklani A. and Jain S.K. (1994).@Cross-cultural ethnobotany of northeast India.@Deep publications.@Yes$Katewa S.S. and Arora A. (1997).@Some plants in folk medicines of Udaipur district, Rajasthan.@Ethnobotany, 9, 48-51.@Yes$Deora G.S., Rathore M.S. (2017).@Ethno-Veterinary Medicine (EVM) and Traditional Practices in Animal Health Care System (AHCS) in the Southern Part of Rajasthan- India.@International J. of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 7:4, 2746-2751.@Yes$Sandhya B., Thomas S., Isabel W. and Shenbagarathai R. (2006).@Ethnomedicinal plants used by the Valaiyan community of Piranmalai hills (Reserved forest), Tamilnadu, India.-A pilot study.@African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 3(1), 101-114.@Yes$Galav P., Jain A. and Katewa S.S. (2013).@Ethnoveterinary medicines used by tribals of Tadgarh-Raoli Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India.@Indian J Traditional Knowledge, 12(1), 56-61.@Yes$Yadav S.S., Bhukal K.K., Bhandoria M.S., Ganie S.A., Gulia S.K. and Raghav T.B.S. (2014).@Ethnoveterinary Medicinal plants of Tosham block of district Bhiwani (Haryana) India.@J. of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(6), 40-48.@Yes$Katewa S.S. and Galav P.K. (2005).@Traditional herbal medicines from Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.@Indian J. of traditional knowledge, 4(3), 237-245.@Yes$Sandhya B., Thomas S., Isabel W. and Shenbagarathai R. (2006).@Ethnomedicinal plants used by the Valaiyan community of Piranmalai hills (Reserved forest), Tamilnadu, India.-A pilot study.@African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 3(1), 101-114.@Yes$Salave A.P., Reddy P.G. and Diwakar P.G. (2011).@Some reports on ethnoveterinary practices in ashti areas of beed district (m.s.) india.@International journal of applied biology and pharmaceutical technology, 2(2), 69-73.@Yes$Juyal P. and Ghildiyal J.C. (2013).@Indigenous Animal Health Care Practices from Garhwal Himalaya.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(4), 148-151.@Yes$Rao M.S., Ramakrishna N. and Saidulu C. (2014).@Ethno-veterinary herbal remedies of Gujjars and other Folklore communities of Alwar district, Rajasthan, India.@Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2(1), 40-45.@Yes$Panda T. and Mishra N. (2016).@Indigenous knowledge on animal health care practices in Kendrapara district of Odisha, India.@International Letters of Natural Sciences, 53, 10-27.@Yes
<#LINE#>Microbial profile and proximate composition of commonly used food thicker<#LINE#>Nnenna@Omorodion ,Chinyere@Nwala  <#LINE#>15-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-045.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigrria@Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigrria<#LINE#>16/4/2019<#LINE#>11/9/2019<#LINE#>The study evaluated the nutritional and microbial profile of five food condiments Brachytegiaurycoma (Achi), Detariummirocapum (ofor), Mucunasloani (ukpo), Cocoyam (Ede) and starch used as food thickening agents bought from different markets. The total bacteria counts of the food thickening agent  ranged from 4.0x 106 to 2.12 x108cfu/g. However Achi had the highest bacteria count. The Staphylococcus counts of the food thickening agent ranged from 1.5 x105  to 1.08 x106,.cfu/g. The Salmonella shigella counts ranged from 3.0x 104 to 6.5 x 105, cfu/g, no visible growth was observed for Starch and Cocoyam, but shigella was present in Ukpo, Fungal counts ranged from 2.0x106 to 5.4x107cfu/g. These values when compared to the standards for food condiments which is 103 &#706;105 is unsatisfactory. Microorganism isolated were Shigella(5%), Escherichia coli (20%), Staphylococcus spp(29%), Proteus spp (10%), Klebsiellaspp (18%) and Bacillusspp (18%). Staphylococcus spp had the highest frequency of occurrence due to its present on the skin, hands and mucous membrane. The presence of these organism indicates poor sanitary practices during the production process, however in order to improve the quality of these food thickening agents good sanitary practices must be adopted especially by the market sellers.<#LINE#>Okwu G.I., Achar P.N. and Sharma S.K. (2010).@Quantification of aflatoxin B1 in ready-to-use food thickeners in South-east geo-political zone in Nigeria.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(16), 1788-1793.@Yes$Uhuegbu F.O., Onwuchekwa C.C., Iweala E.E. and Kanu I. (2009).@Effect of processing methods on nutritive and antinutritive properties of seeds of Brachystegia eurycoma and Detarium microcarpum from Nigeria.@Pakistan Journal of nutrition, 8(4), 316-320.@Yes$Lund B.M. and Parker T.C. and Gould G.W. (2000).@The microbiological safety and quality of food.@Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxin Aspen Inc Publishers, 1490-1517.@No$Pinho B.H. and Furlong E.B. (2000).@The occurrence of molds, yeasts and mycotoxins in pre-cooked pizza dough sold in Southern Rio Grande do Sul.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 31(2), 99-102.@Yes$Turner P.C., Moore S.E., Hall A.J., Prentice A.M. and Wild C.P. (2003).@Modification of immune function through exposure to dietary aflatoxin in Gambian children.@Environmental health perspectives, 111(2), 217-220.@Yes$Molina M. and Giannuzzi L. (2002).@Modelling of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus in a solid medium at different temperatures, pH and propionic acid concentrations.@Food Research International, 35(6), 585-594.@Yes$Jones T.F., Kellum M.E., Porter S.S., Bell M. and Schaffner W. (2002).@an outbreak of community acquired food borne illness caused by methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aures.@emering infectious disease, 8(1), 82-84.@Yes$Anantharayan (2011).@Diagnostic value of mannitol for sugar fermentation in Staphylococus aureus.@Textbook of Microbiology, 31-33.@No$ICMSF (2009).@International Committee on Microbiological Specifications for Foods@2nd Ed., University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo and London.@No$Ogunshe A.A. and Olasugba K.O. (2008).@Microbial loads and incidence of food-borne indicator bacteria in most popular indigenous fermented food condiments from middle-belt and southwestern Nigeria.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(12), 332-339.@Yes$Jay J.M. (2000).@Modern Food Microbiolgy.@Van Nostran Reinhold, New York, 3rd edition 642.@Yes$Codex (2011).@Code of Hygenic Practice for collecting, processing and marketing of Natural mineral waters.@(CAR/RCP33-1985 REVISED 20111)110-112@Yes$Oranusi S.U., Braide W., Nwodo C.F. and Nwosu U.P. (2013).@Assay for aflatoxins in some local food condiments.@International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences (IJBPAS), 2(3), 529-537.@Yes$Nwosu J. (2011).@The Effect of Storage Condition on the Rheological/Functional Properties of Soup Thickner Mucuna sloanei (Ukpo).@Researcher, 3(6), 27-32.@Yes$Donatus E.O. and Ezinna Okoro (2007).@Phytochemical compostion of Brahstegiaeurycoma and Mucnaflagellipes seed.@Medicinal and Aromatic plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(1), 103-106.@No$AOAC (1980).@Official methods of Analysis.@13th edition Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.@No$Igwenyi I.O. and Azoro B.N. (2014).@Proximate and phytochemical compositions of four indigenous seeds used as soup thickeners in ebonyi state Nigeria.@J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol, 8(6), 35-40.@Yes
<#LINE#>Elemental content present in food waste and its impacts on physico-chemical parameters of soil<#LINE#>Sasmal@Sonali ,Pradhan@Arun Kumar ,Biswal@Susanta Kumar ,Arzoo@Atia  <#LINE#>24-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-046.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India@Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India@Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India@Department of Environmental Science, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India<#LINE#>17/4/2019<#LINE#>28/8/2019<#LINE#>Food waste is noxious waste which contribute to environmental pollution by its odour which can give the ideal site for flues, damage the surrounding and also create some allergies when reserved for longer time. So reducing the environmental pollution caused by world&prime;s population and their necessity, we can employ the food waste as different beneficial ways like bio-fertilizer. We can say that food waste as a perfect bio-fertilizer by knowing the elements present in it through elemental analysis. In the present study it was found that the food waste which cause environmental pollution contains SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl&#713;, TiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, CuO, ZnO, Br&#713;, Rb2O, SrO, Eu2O3,  K2O and Re etc. which are major and minor nutrient for plant. So food waste can be used as plant fertilizer due to presence of different micro and macronutrients which neutralize the pH of acidic soil. In the present study, food waste powder was added to the garden soil and both initial and final physico-chemical parameters and elemental contents were analysed. It was observed that the final soil which treated with food waste contained more nutrient than the garden soil. So food waste can be recommended to use as the organic fertilizer which can fulfil the nutrient level of soil and enhance the soil fertility.<#LINE#>Risse M. and Faucette B. (2009).@Food Waste Composting: Institutional and Industrial Applications (Bulletin 1189).@Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, Athens, Georgia.@Yes$Donahue D.W., Chalmers J.A. and Storey J.A. (1998).@Evaluation of in-vessel composting of university postconsumer food wastes.@Compost science & utilization, 6(2), 75-81.@Yes$Ross S.M. (1994).@Toxic metals in soil-plant systems.@Wiley, Chichester, England, 469.@No$Cseh E. (2002).@Metal permeability, transport and efflux in plants.@In Physiology and biochemistry of metal toxicity and tolerance in plants, Springer, Dordrecht, 1-36.@Yes$Fodor F. (2002).@Physiological responses of vascular plants to heavy metals.@In: M.N.V. Prasad and K. Strzalka (Eds.). Physiology and Biochemistry of Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants; Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 149-177.@Yes$Wintz H., Fox T. and Vulpe C. (2002).@Responses of plants to iron, zinc and copper deficiencies.@Biochem Soc Trans., 30, 766-768.@Yes$Reeves R.D. and Baker A.J.M. (2000).@Metal-accumulating plants.@In: Raskin I, Ensley BD (eds) Phytoremediation of toxic metals: using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York, 193-229.@Yes$Monni S., Salemaa M. and Millar N. (2000).@The tolerance of Empetrum nigrum to copper and nickel.@Environmental pollution, 109(2), 221-229.@Yes$Blaylock M.J. and Huang J.W. (2000).@Phytoextraction of metals.@In: Raskin I, Ensley BD (eds) Phytoremidation of toxic metals-using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York, 53-70.@Yes$Knudsen D. (1980).@Recommended soil test procedures for the North Central Region.@In Bulletin 499. North Dakota State University.@Yes$Saeed G. and Rafiq M. (1980).@Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Soil survey of Pakistan, Lahore.@Technical guide for the chemical analysis of soil and water, Bulletin No. 14.@Yes$Oladapo T.O., Samuel A.O. and Taiwo L.B. (2015).@Conversion of food wastes to organic fertilizer: A strategy for promoting food security and institutional waste management in Nigeria.@International Research journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation, 4(1), 25-31.@No$Arzoo A. and Satapathy K.B. (2017).@A review on sources of heavy metal pollution and its impacts on environment.@International journal of current advanced research, 6(12), 2319-6505.@No$Hartz T.K., Costa F.J. and Schrader W.L. (1996).@Suitability of composted green waste for horticultural uses.@HortScience, 31(6), 961-964.@Yes$Smith S.R., Hall J.E. and Hadley P. (1989).@Composting sewage sludge wastes in relation to their suitability for use as fertilizer materials for vegetable crop production.@In International Symposium on Compost Recycling of Wastes, 302, 203-216.@Yes$Shanks J.B. and Gouin F.R. (1989).@Compost value to ornamental plants. The Bio-cycle guide to composting Municipal waste.@The J.G press Emmanus, P.A., 120-121.@Yes
<#LINE#>Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiurolithiasis activities of endophytic penicillium notatum isolated from aloe vera roots<#LINE#>Mane@Rohit S. ,Jagtap@Priyanka R. ,Vyawahare@Manoj A. ,Bhosale@Amarja H. ,Ghare@Vishrut V. ,Chakraborty@Bidhayak  <#LINE#>31-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-050.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India and Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, M.P. India@Department of Microbiology, New arts, Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India@Department of Microbiology, New arts, Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India@Department of Microbiology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Sub-Campus Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India@Department of Microbiology, S.B.B Alias Appasaheb Jedhe College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Pune, India@Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka<#LINE#>29/4/2019<#LINE#>15/8/2019<#LINE#>The objective of present investigation was to assess phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiurolithiasis activities of endophytic fungi derived bioactive compounds obtained from Aloe vera roots. Fungal endophytes were isolated by means of potato dextrose agar media from Aloe vera roots and grown in Potato dextrose broth for the production of the bioactive compounds. The qualitative phytochemical screening was performed for the aqueous crude extract of the fungus. Phytochemicals like phenols and flavonoids were quantitatively estimated and further purified by thin layer chromatography and FTIR. The antiurolithiasis and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts was analyzed. A whole of six fungal endophytes were isolated and Penicillium notatum were identified as core endophytic fungus by 18S rRNA analysis. The fungus revealed total 1.86g and 0.15g of wet and dried biomass in PDB/100ml with 2.60g/100ml of the aqueous crude extract. The phytochemical screening showed terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins, alkaloid, cardiac glycosides, fixed oils and fats, proteins, carbohydrates with 2.26g of phenol and 0.22g of flavonoids/100g of gallic acid equivalent quantitatively. TLC revealed intermediate polar basic compounds, polar basic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids while FTIR analysis documented different functional groups such as alkanes, amides, alkenes, alcohol and phenols, alkyl halides, ether, amines, and nitrile groups. Ferric ions reducing power was reported at the rate of 1.2407&plusmn;0.00702 while PM assays reported 0.8983&plusmn;0.00351. The crude extract showed highest inhibition zone at the 100% concentration against Escherichia coli (16.3&plusmn;0.57) and Aspergillus niger (20.5&plusmn; 0.24). The maximum antiurolithiasis activity showed at 100% concentration at the rate of 67.5&plusmn;1.49 of crude extract.<#LINE#>Nerli R.B., Patil S., Hiremath M.B. and Patil R.A. (2014).@Renal stone disease in the border regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa: Role of diet, urinary pH and body mass index.@Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU), 7(2), 83.@Yes$Jayaraman U.C. and Gurusamy A. (2018).@Review on urolithiasis pathophysiology and aesulapian discussion.@Journal of Pharmacy, 8(2), 30-42.@Yes$Mane R.S., Paarakh P.M. and Vedamurthy A.B. (2018).@A brief review on fungal endophytes.@International Journal of Secondary Metabolites, 5(4), 288-303.@Yes$Ved P.V. (2015).@Endophytic fungi as resource of bioactive compounds.@International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 6(1), 887-898.@Yes$Mane R.S. and Choradiya B.R. (2018).@Studies on endophytic bacteria isolated from grass against dysentery causing Shigella species.@International Journal of Chemistry Studies, 2(1), 30-32.@No$Tiwari K. (2015).@The future Products: Endophytic Fungal Metabolites.@Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development, 2(1), 1-7.@Yes$Mathan S., Subramanian V. and Nagamony S. (2013).@Optimization and antimicrobial metabolites production from endophytic fungi Aspergillus terreus KC 582297.@European Journal of experimental biology, 3(4), 138-144.@Yes$Mane R.S., Jagtap P.R. and Vyawahare M.A. (2019).@Production, purification and evaluation of different functional groups from endophytic Penicillium species derived bioactive compounds isolated from Aloe vera.@International Journal of Chemistry Studies, 3(2), 35-38.@Yes$Devi N.N., Prabakaran J.J. and Wahab F. (2012).@Phytochemical analysis and enzyme analysis of endophytic fungi from Centella asiatica.@Asian Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), S1280-S1284.@Yes$Wink M. (2015).@Modes of action of Herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites.@Medicines, 2, 251-286.@Yes$Jena S.K. and Tayung K. (2013).@Endophytic fungal communities associated with two ethno-medicinal plants of Smilipal biosphere reserve, India and their antimicrobial prospective.@Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3, S7-S12.@Yes$Walaa K.M. and Manish N.R. (2013).@The diversity of anti-microbial secondary metabolites produced by fungal endophytes: an interdisciplinary perspective.@Fronteries in Microbiology, 4, 1-12.@Yes$Mane R.S. (2019).@Fungal endophytes (Unpublished doctoral research).@Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.@No
<#LINE#>Leaf architectural studies in Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) from Arunachal part of Eastern Himalaya in India<#LINE#>Lungphi@Pyonim ,Mondal@Sinjini ,Moktan@Saurav ,Das@A.P.  <#LINE#>38-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-058.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India@Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India@Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India@Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>22/5/2019<#LINE#>10/9/2019<#LINE#>Leaf architectural characters of seven species of Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) were studied on the basis of foliar morphometric characters. The characters studied include leaf attachment, petiole features, laminar shape, apex and base shape including angles, margin type, blade class vein category etc. Estimation of vein islet number and minor venation details like the areole size, absolute vein islet and vein termination number were recorded and distinct description based on the leaf architectural traits for each species have been done. The quantitative data revealed some distinct variation among the species with some expressing close relatedness. A dichotomous key for the species have been constructed and relationships among the taxa have been represented through a dendrogram.<#LINE#>Hoffman P. (2007).@Phyllanthaceae\" Flowering Plant Families of the World.@In: Heywood, V.H. Brummitt, R.K., Culham,A. and Seberg, O. (Eds.) Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada, 250-252. ISBN: 1 84246 1655.@No$Watson L. and Dallwitz M.J. (1992).@The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval.@version: 10th May 2019. delta-intkey.com.@Yes$Kawakita A. and Kato M. (2017).@Diversity of Phyllanthaceae Plants.@In Obligate Pollination mutualism. Springr, Tokyo, 81-115. ISBN: 978-4-431-56532-1.@Yes$Samuel R., Kathriarachchi H.S., Hoffmann P., Barfuss M.H.J., Wurdack K.J., Davis C.C. and Chase M.W. (2005).@Molecular phylogenetics of Phyllanthaceae: evidence from plastid matK and nuclear PHYC sequences.@Am.J.Bot., 92 (1), 132-141.@Yes$Kathriarachchi H.S., Samuel R., Hoffmann P., Mlinarec J., Wurdack K.J., Ralimanana H., Stuessy T.F. and Chase M.W. (2006).@Phylogenetics of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) based on nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data.@Am.J.Bot., 93(4), 637-655.@No$Stevens P.F. (2001).@Angiosperm phylogeny website.@Version 12, July 2012 and more or less continuously updated since]. Available at: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/@Yes$Govaerts R., Frodin D.G. and Radcliffe-Smith A. (2000).@World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae).@The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.1-4, 1-1622.@No$Mabberley D.J. (2008).@Mabberley@3rd ed., Cambridge University Press. London. ISSN: 0950-4125@No$Chakrabarty T., Gangopadhyay M. and Balakrishnan N.P. (2012).@Subfamily V. Phyllanthoideae Asch.@In: Balakrishnan NP., Chakrabarty T., Sanjappa  M., Lakshminarasimhan P., Singh P. (Eds.) Fl. Ind. Bot. Sur. Ind. Kol.23, 353-501. ISBN: 10: 8181770498.@No$Dilcher D.L. (1974).@Approaches to the identification of Angiosperm leaf remains.@Bot. Rev., 40(1), 1-157.@Yes$Carlquist S.J. (1961).@Comparative plant anatomy: a guide to taxonomic and evolutionary application of anatomical data in angiosperms.@Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.@Yes$Annamani B. and Prabhakar M. (1991).@Foliar Architecture of Vishakhapatnam Flora.1.Ranales.@Ind.J.Forester., 14, 131-137.@Yes$Givnish T.J. (2010).@Ecology of plant speciation.@Taxon., 59, 1326-1366.@Yes$Ellis B., Daly D.C., Hickey L.J., Johnson K.R., Mitchell J.D., Wilf P. and Wing S.L. (2009).@Manual of Leaf architecture.@Ithaca, NY: Comell University Press, 216. ISBN: 080147518X.@Yes$Rejmanek M.B. and Brewer S.W. (2001).@Vegetative identification of tropical woody plants:state of the art and annotated bibliography.@Biotropica., 33, 214-228.@Yes$Green W.A. and Hickey L.J. (2005).@Leaf architectural profiles of angiosperm floras across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.@American Journal of Science, 305(10), 983-1013.@Yes$Lande S.K. (2009).@Studies on Systematic Anatomy of certain Acanthaceae.@Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Botany. Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities.@No$LAWG. (1999).@Manual of Leaf Architecture &ndash; morphological description and categorization of dicotyledonous and net-veined monocotyledonous angiosperms.@Leaf Architecture Working Group, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. ISBN: 0-9677554-0-9.@No$Mishra M.K., Dandamudi P., Nayani S.P., Munikoti S.S. and Chelukunda S.S. (2011).@Variability in stomatal features and leaf venation pattern in Indian coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) cultivars and their functional significance.@Bot. Serb., 35(2), 111-119.@Yes$Lama D. (2004).@Taxonomical, Distributional and Ecological studies of Acer L. in the Darjiling-Sikkim Himalayas.@Ph.D. Thesis, University of North Bengal, Siliguri.@Yes$Brady S., Anderson H. and Creech D. (1998).@Comparative leaf anatomy of Pernettya Gaud.@(Ericaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50, 481-495.@Yes$Srinivasa B., Kumar A., Prabhakarn V., Lakshman K, Nandeesh R. and Subhramanyam P. (2008).@Pharmacognostical studies of Portulacaoleracea Linn.@Braz.J.Pharmacogn., 18(4), 527-531.@Yes$Gupta B. (1961).@Correlation of tissues in leaves.1.Absolute vein &ndash; islet numbers and absolute veinlet termination numbers.@Ann.Bot., 25, 65-70.@Yes$Niklas K.J. (1999).@A mechanical perspective on foliage leaf form and function.@New.Phytol., 143, 19-31.@Yes$Hickey L.J. and Wolf J.A. (1975).@The bases of Angiosperm phylogeny: vegetative morphology.@Ann.Mo.Bot.Gard., 62, 538-589.@Yes$Niinemets U.A. and Portsmuth T. (2006).@Leaf size modifies support biomass distribution between stems, petiole in temperate plants.@New. Phytol., 171, 91-104.@Yes$Pickup M., Westoby M. and Basden A. (2005).@Dry mass costs of deploying leaf area in relation to leaf size.@Functional Ecology, 19(1), 88-97.@Yes$Dengler N.G. and Kang J. (2001).@Vascular patterning and leaf shape.@Curr.Opn.Pl Biol., 4, 50-56.@Yes$Malinowski R. (2013).@Understanding of leaf development&mdash;the science of complexity.@Plants., 2, 396-415.@Yes$Hickey L.J. and Doyle J.A. (1972).@Fossil evidence on evolution of angiosperm leaf venation.@Am.J Bot., 59, 661.@Yes$Bailey I.W. and Sinott E. (1916).@The climatic distribution of certain types of angiosperms leaves.@Am.J Bot., 3, 24-39.@Yes$Ummu H.B., Talip N., Mohamad A.L., Affenddi A.E.A. and Juhari A.A.A. (2014).@Studies of leaf venation in selected taxa of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in Peninsular Malaysia.@Trop. Life Sci. Res., 25(2), 111-125.@Yes$Rao N.V. and Inamdar J.A. (1983).@Leaf architectural studies in the Brassicaceae.@Bot. Mag. Tokyo., 96, 15-28.@Yes$Chaudhari G.S. and Inamdar J.A. (1984).@Leaf architecture of some Acanthaceae.@Bot. Mag. Tokyo., 97, 469-481.@Yes$Zhou Z.K., Wilkinson H. and Wu Z.Y. (1995).@Taxonomical and evolutionary implications of the leaf anatomy and architecture of Quercus L. subgenus Quercusfrom China.@Cathaya., 7, 1-34.@Yes$Luo Y. and Zhou Z.K. (2002).@Leaf architecture in Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae) from China.@Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 140, 283-295.@Yes$Sharma B., Albert S. and Dhaduk H. (2016).@Leaf venation studies of 30 varieties of Mangiferaindica L.(Anacardiaceae).@Webbia., 71(2), 253-263.@Yes$Nelson T. and Dengler N. (1997).@Leaf vascular pattern formation.@Plant Cell., 9, 1121-1135.@No$Hickey L. (1977).@Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of western North Dakota.@Mem.Geol.Soc.Am., 150, 1-183.@Yes$Roth-Nebelsick A., Uhl D., Mosbrugger V. and Kerp H. (2001).@Evolution and function of Leaf architecture:a review.@Ann.Bot., 87, 553-566.@Yes$Yapp R.H. (1912).@Spiraeaulmaria L. and its bearing on the problem of xeromorphy in marsh plants.@Ann.Bot., 26(3), 815-870.@Yes$Roth A., Mosbugger V., Belz G. and Neugebauer H.J. (1995).@Hydrodynamic modeling study of angiosperm leaf venation types.@Botanica Acta., 108, 121-126.@Yes$Mishra M.K., Padmajyothi D., Prakash N.S., Ram A.S., Srinivasan C.S. and Sreenivasan M.S. (2010).@Leaf architecture in Indian Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) cultivars and their adaptive signi&#64257;cance.@World J. Fungal Pl.Biol., 1, 37-41.@Yes$Klucking E.P. (1988).@Leaf venation pattern.@In &bprime;Myrtaceae. Vol. III&prime;. (Ed. J. Cramer) Stuttgart, Germany, 278.@Yes$Fortunato R.H., Varelab B.G., Castroc M.A. and Nores M.J. (2017).@Leaf venation pattern to recognize austral South American medicinal species of &ldquo;cow&prime;s hoof&rdquo; (Bauhinia L., Fabaceae).@Rev.Bras. Farmacogn., 27, 158-161.@Yes$Verghese T.M. (1969).@A contribution to the failure venation of Scrophulariaceae.@In: Choudhary KA, editor. Recent advances in the anatomy of tropical seed plants. India: Hindustan publishing corporation, Delhi: 253-266.@Yes$Kumar D., Kumar A. and Prakash O. (2012).@Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb.@Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2(3), 169-175.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>A baseline assessment, threats and conservation measures to ophidians at Rukhi Hill Forest, Nayagarh, Odisha, India<#LINE#>Rath@Laxmi Prasad ,Parida@Siba Prasad  <#LINE#>48-51<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2019-047.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India @Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, India <#LINE#>18/4/2019<#LINE#>26/9/2019<#LINE#>A study has been conducted to know the diversity and threats to ophidians of Rukhi Hill Forest from June 2018 to March 2019. Standard methodologies were applied for the assessment. Visual encounter Survey was taken for the data collection. The snakes were handled by Snake sticks and hooks, and Photographs were taken for better identification. The snakes were identified by matching photos with the field guide book. After spontaneous field study 14 species (out of which only 5 species are poisonous) were encountered from the hill forest. The study comprised of 4 families and 12 genera. Then the species were marked with IUCN Redlist Category. Major causes of declination of snake diversity are continuous forest fire causing habitat loss, climate change, illegal expansion of urban area etc. By awareness and lawful action, the depletion of biodiversity may be check which is important for future generation. Otherwise total ecology may disrupt, and endemic species of this area may be vanished.<#LINE#>Pincheira-Donoso D., Bauer A.M., Meiri S. and Uetz P. (2013).@Global taxonomic diversity of living reptiles.@PloS one, 8(3). 	                                                  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059741.@Yes$Whitaker Romulus and Captain Ashok (2008).@Snakes of India.@The Field Guide, 2nd Edition, Draco Books. XIV+385.@No$Sathish Kumar V.M. (2012).@The conservation of Indian Reptiles: An approach with molecular aspects.@REPTILE RAP, 14, 2-8.@No$Manhas A., Raina R. and Wanganeo A. (2017).@A Current status and Diversity of Ophidians (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpents) in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.@Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 6(5), 1384-1390.@Yes$Fitch H. (1949).@Study of Snake Populations in Central California.@American Midland Naturalist, 41, 513-579.@Yes$Gibbons J. (1988).@The management of reptiles, amphibians and small mammals in North America: the need for an environmental attitude adjustment.@U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, GTRRM-166.@Yes$Uetz P. (2019).@The Reptile Database.@http://www.reptile-database.org.Accessed on 14/04/2019.@No$Dutta S.K., Nair M.V., Mohapatra P.P. and Mohapatra A.K. (2009).@Amphibians and Reptiles of Similipal Biosphere Reserve.@Regional Plant Resource Center, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 7-8.@Yes$Acharjyo L.N. (2011).@Wildlife Resources and their Conservation in Odisha.@Proceedings of National Seminar on Wildlife Conservation & Co-existence, Nayagarh, Odisha, India, 19th-20thFeb., 39-44.@No$Reading C.J., Luiselli L.M., Akani G.C., Bonnet X., Amori G., Ballouard J.M. and Rugiero L. (2010).@Are snake populations in widespread decline?.@Biology letters, 6(6), 777-780. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0373.@Yes$Sahu K.R., Mishra D. and Pradhan S. (2014).@An inventory of Amphibian fauna of Gandhamardan Hills Range of Western Orissa.@India. Int. J. Res. Zool., 4(1), 6-9.@Yes$Todd R.L., Steven P., Rowland G., Paul Greig-Smith, Gerald M. and Greg B. (2010).@Herpetological observations from field expeditions to North Karnataka and South-west Maharashtra, India.@Herpetological Bulletin, 112, 17-37.@Yes$Nayagarh (2019).@Taradatt Odisha District Gazetteers: Nayagarh. Gopabandhu Academy of Administration [Gazetteers Unit].@General Administration Department, Government of Odisha.https://nayagarh.nic.in/document-category/district-profile/. Accessed on 10/04/2019.@No$Whitaker Romulus (2006).@Common Indian Snakes, A Field Guide.@Revised Ed. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi. 3-138. ISBN: 978-14-03929-55-6@Yes$Daniel J.C. (2003).@The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians.@Reprint 2013, Oxford University Press. New Delhi, 38-158. ISBN: 978-01-95660-99-9.@No