@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of AM fungi on some biochemical parameters in capsicum annuum L. (Chili)<#LINE#>Kelkar@Tushar S. , Bhalerao@Satish A. <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-038.pdf<#LINE#>Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Dept. of Botany, Wilson College, Mumbai – 400 007, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India @SICE Society’s Degree College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Jambhul Phata, Chikhloli, Ambernath (W) 421 505, University of Mumbai, Ambarnath, India<#LINE#>17/4/2017<#LINE#>30/6/2017<#LINE#>One of the most effective biofertilizers amongst the biological fertilizers is Mycorrhiza. Majority of angiospermic plants show presence of mycorrhiza. Earlier Family Chenopodiaceae was considered to be one of the exceptions for mycorrhizal host plants, but now reports of mycorrhiza are available in some of the plants like spinach. This symbiotic association proved to be beneficial for both of the symbionts. The benefits of this symbiotic association can be easily checked in host plants which are often a higher plant like angiosperm. In present investigation Capsicum annuum L. plant commonly known as chili was screened and assessed for such benefits shared by mycorrhiza. In present paper, biochemical aspects were studied in controlled (non mycorrhizal) and treated (mycorrhizal) plants of chili. The estimation of alpha amino nitrogen, nitrate content, nitrate reductase activity from leaves and protein content of fruit was carried out in mycorrhizal chili plants and is compared with non mycorrhizal plants of chili. Results from above experiment showed that there is a significant increase in all the studied biochemical parameters in mycorrhizal chili plants than the non mycorrhizal chili plants. These results may contribute to the increment in overall yield of chili plants.<#LINE#>Frank B. (1885).@Uber die unf Wurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernahrung gewisser Baume, durch unterirdische, Pilze.@Ber. Duet. Bot. Ges, 3, 128-145.@Yes$Harley J.L. and Smith S.E. (1983).@Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.@London: Academic Press, 53.@Yes$Verma N., Chaturvedi S. and Sharma A.K. (2008).@Mass multiplication of AMF using soilless substrates.@Mycorrhiza News, 20(1), 11-15.@Yes$Bethenfalvay G.J. (1992).@Mycorrhiza and crop productivity.@mycorrhizae in sustainable Agriculture, American Society of Agronomy special publication N. O. 54, Madison, Wisconsin, 1-27.@Yes$Gerdeman J.W. (1968).@Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth.@Annual Review of Phytopathology, 6, 397-418.@Yes$Bhuvaneswari G., Reetha S., Sivaranjani R. and Ramakrishnan K. (2014).@Effect of AM fungi and Trichoderma species as stimulations of growth and morphological character of chili (Capsicum annuum .L).@International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 3(3), 447-455.@Yes$Selvakumar G. and Thamizhiniyan P. (2011).@The Effect of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungus Glomus intraradices on the Growth and Yield of Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Salinity Stress.@World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(8), 1209-1214.@Yes$Gaur Atimanav, Adholeya Alok and Mukerji Krishna G. (1998).@A comparison of AM fungi inoculants using Capsicum and Polianthes in marginal soil amended with organic matter.@Mycorrhiza, 7(6), 307-312.@Yes$Vyas Mohnish and Vyas Anil (2014).@Field Response of Capsicum Annuum Dually Inoculated with AM Fungi and PGPR in Western Rajasthan.@International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2(3), 21-26.@Yes$Kavitha K., Meenakumari K.S. and Sivaprasad P. (2004).@Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Biocontrol of Damping-Off in Chili.@Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 34(2), 349-353.@No$Moore S. and Stein W.H. (1948).@Methods in Enzymology.@Eds. Colowick, S. P. and N. D. Kaplan Academic Press New York, 3:468@No$Johnson C.M. and Ulrich A. (1950).@Determination of nitrate in plant material.@Analytical Chem, 22(12), 1526-1529.@Yes$Kleeper L., Flesher D. and Hageman R.H. (1971).@Generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for nitrate reduction in green leaves.@Plant Physiol, 48(5), 580-590.@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosebrought S., Farr A.l. and Randall R.J. (1951).@Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent.@Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265-275.@Yes$Barman P., Swamy G.S.K., Patil P.B., Patil C.P. and Thammaiah N. (2008).@Response of Rangpur lime to different mycorrhizal species for germination, growth parameters and graft success.@Mycorrhiza news, 19(4), 13-16.@Yes$Singh A., Singh R. and Adholeya A. (2007).@Development of green cover at solid waste dumping site of a soda lime industry by mycorrhizal technology.@Mycorrhiza News, 18(4), 25-30.@No$Manjunath A., Bagyaraj D.J. and Gopala Gowda H.S. (1984).@Dual inoculation with VA mycorrhiza and Rhizobium is beneficial to Leucaena.@Plant and soil, 78(3), 445-448.@Yes$Shivaputra S.S., Patil C.P., Swamy G.S.K. and Patil P.B. (2004).@Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and vermicompost on drought tolerance in papaya.@Mycorrhiza News, 16(3), 12-13.@Yes$Anilkumar K.K. and Muraleedhara Kurup G. (2003).@Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Leguminous Plants Under Stress Conditions.@Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 33(1), 33-36.@No$Miransari Mohammad (2011).@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen uptake.@Archives of microbiology, 193(2), 77-81.@Yes$Bücking Heike and Kafle Arjun (2015).@Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Nitrogen Uptake of Plants: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps.@Agronomy, 5(4), 587-612.@Yes$Mathan Nisha C. and Sevanan Rajesh Kumar (2010).@Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Biochemical Changes in Wedilla chinensis (Osbeck) Merril.@Ancient Science of Life, 29(3), 26-29.@Yes$Azcon R., Gomez M. and Tobar R. (1996).@Physiological and nutritional response of Lactuca sativa L. nitrogen sources and mycorrhizal fungi under drought conditions.@Biology and fertility of soils, 22(1- 2), 156-161.@Yes$Fattah-Abdel G.M. and Asrar A.A. (2012).@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal application to improve growth and tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in saline soil.@Acta Physiol Plant, 34, 267-277.@Yes$Shinde B.P. and Thakur Jaya (2015).@Influence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on chlorophyll, proteins, proline and total carbohydrates content of the pea plant under water stress condition.@International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 4(1), 809-821.@Yes$Shinde B.P. and Khanna Manjusha (2014).@Impact of AM fungi on biochemical changes in potato plants.@International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 3(7), 1018-1027.@Yes
<#LINE#>Antimicrobial property of Capsaicin<#LINE#>Agarwal@Pranay , Das@Chandan,Dias @Olivia ,Shanbhag@Tejashree  <#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-043.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, D.N. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400020, India@Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, D.N. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400020, India@Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, D.N. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400020, India@Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, D.N. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400020, India<#LINE#>19/5/2017<#LINE#>2/7/2017<#LINE#>Antimicrobial agents have always been of clinical significance. The effectiveness of antibiotics in the near future is unpredictable due to increasing antibiotic resistance among common pathogenic microbial strains. Capsaicin, the active ingredient in chillies has numerous biological properties which are yet to be explored. Due to its characteristic pungent nature, it has attracted interest in the field of antimicrobial studies, especially in the past two decades. In the current study, pure capsaicin at different concentrations and the Soxhlet extract of Bhut jolokia (India’s ‘hottest’ chilli) were screened for their antimicrobial effects on the common pathogenic bacterial strains Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Proteus mirabilis and Micrococcus luteus as an extensive literature study revealed no screening performed on these strains. Antimicrobial activity was observed in Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B and M. luteus with M. luteus showing the maximum susceptibility. In this age of antibiotic resistance and emergence of pathogenic microbial mutants, it is of significant importance to have knowledge about secondary antimicrobial compounds apart from the currently known antibiotics. In a different aspect, a genetic relationship can be established between eukaryotes and prokaryotes which respond to capsaicin due a common receptor gene.<#LINE#>Liu M., Lu J., Muller P., Turnbull L., Burke C.M., Schlothauer R.C. and Harry E.J. (2014).@Antibiotic-specific differences in the response of Staphylococcus aureus to treatment with antimicrobials combined with manuka honey.@Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(12), 779. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00779@Yes$Capsaicin (2017).@National Center for Biotechnology Information.@PubChem Compound Database; CID = 1548943, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound /1548943  (Accessed Feb. 27, 2017).@No$Tewksbury J.J., Reagan K.M., Machnicki N.J., Carlo T.A., Haak D.C., Penaloza A.L.C. and Levey D.J. (2008).@Evolutionary ecology of pungency in wild chilies.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(33), 11808-11811. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802691105@Yes$Anand P. and Bley K. (2011).@Topical capsaicin for pain management: therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of the new high-concentration capsaicin 8% patch.@British Journal of Anaesthesia, 107(4), 490-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer260@Yes$Jones N.L., Shabib S. and Sherman P.M. (1997).@Capsaicin as an inhibitor of the growth of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.@FEMS Microbiology Letters, 146(2), 223-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10197.x@Yes$Omolo M.A., Wong Z., Mergen A.K., Hastings J.C., Le N.C., Reil H.A., Case K.A. and Baumler D.J. (2014).@Antimicrobial Properties of Chili Peppers.@Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 02(04), para.11. https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000145@Yes$Agrocrops (2015).@Red Dry Chilies.@http://www.agrocrops.com/red-dry-chillies.php (Accessed Aug. 28, 2016).@No$Guinness World Records (2013).@Hottest Chili.@http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/ hottest-chili (Accessed Feb. 27, 2017).@No$Cayenne Diane (2017).@Bhut Jolokia(Ghost Pepper).@https://www.cayennediane.com/peppers/bhut-jolokia-ghost-pepper (Accessed 27 Feb. 2017)@No$European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2015).@Typhoid and paratyphoid fever@. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/typhoid_paratyphoid_fever/Pages/index.aspx. (Accessed 6 Mar 2017)@No$Rowe B., Ward L.R. and Threlfall E.J. (1997).@Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi: A Worldwide Epidemic.@Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24(1), S106-S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/24.Supplement_1.S106@Yes$Microbewiki (2017).@Proteus mirabilis.@https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Proteus_mirabilis (Accessed 6 Mar. 2017)@No$Adamus-Bialek W., Zajac E., Parniewski P. and Kaca W. (2013).@Comparison of antibiotic resistance patterns in collections of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis uropathogenic strains.@Molecular Biology Reports, 40(4), 3429-3435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2420-3@Yes$Modmedmicrobes.wikispaces.com. Sarcina Lutea. https://modmedmicrobes.wikispaces.com/Sarcina+Lutea (Accessed 6 Mar. 2017)@undefined@undefined@No$Shiqiang Y., Xu X. and Yonghong Z. (2009).@Optimization of Soxhlet extraction of capsaicinoids using orthogonal experiment.@Chinese scientific papers online, 2(Mar). http: //www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/ content/ 200903-2.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Effect of different C:N on the compost maturity<#LINE#>Ameen@Ayesha ,Ahmad @Jalil ,Raza@Shahid  <#LINE#>12-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-031.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan@Department of Biological sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan@Department of Biological sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan<#LINE#>22/5/2017<#LINE#>3/7/2017<#LINE#>C: N is an important factor to determine the stability of compost. This study was designed to check the effect of different C:N on the maturity of compost. The organic waste treated with different C:N give different results at the end of composting. The four windrows of organic waste were treated with C:N of 35:1, 35:1, 33:1 and 30:1. The substrate used was same in all the windrows. It was concluded that the more mature compost was given by the windrow one and two with optimized C:N of 35:1.<#LINE#>Huang G.F., Wong J.W.C., Wu Q.T. and Nagar B.B. (2004).@Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust.@Waste management, 24(8), 805-813.@Yes$Azim K., Ouyihya K., Amellouk A., Perissol C., Thami Alami and Soudi B. (2014).@Dynamic composting optimization through C/N ratio variation as a startup parameter.@Building Organic Bridges, 3, 787-790.@Yes$Nelson D. and Sommers L. (1996).@Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.@Methods of soil analysis: Part 3-Chemical methods, 961-1010.@Yes$Jimenez E.I. and Garcia V.P. (1991).@Composting of domestic refuse and sewage sludge. I. Evolution of temperature, pH, C/N ratio and cation-exchange capacity.@Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 6(1), 45-60.@Yes$Zhu N. (2007).@Effect of low initial C/N ratio on aerobic composting of swine manure with rice straw.@Bioresource Technology, 98, 9-13.@Yes$Nakasaki K., Yaguchi H., Sasaki Y. and Kubota H. (1992).@Effects of CN ratio on thermophilic composting of garbage.@Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 73(1), 43-45.@Yes$Sasaki N., Suehara K.I., Kohda J., Nakano Y. and Yang T. (2003).@Effects of CN ratio and pH of raw materials on oil degradation efficiency in a compost fermentation process.@Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 96(1), 47-52.@Yes$Gao M., Liang F., Yu A., Li B. and Yang L. (2010).@Evaluation of stability and maturity during forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust at different C/N ratios.@Chemosphere, 78(5), 614-619.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A review on in vitro genotoxic effects of food Preservatives on Human Lymphocytes<#LINE#>Patel@Deep ,Ramani@Riddhi  <#LINE#>15-18<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-049.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India@Disha Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Sr. Research Associate, Ahmedabad 380 051, India<#LINE#>29/5/2017<#LINE#>5/7/2017<#LINE#>Food Preservatives or other food additives are use to protect food from spoilage. Preservatives have hazards effects on human’s organs and also have effects on individual cell. The different concentration of preservatives affects the chromosomes which lead to chromosomal breakage. Human lymphocytes are used for Genotoxic study of preservatives. Micronucleus test, Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Chromosomal aberration studies are used. Lymphocytes cell culture carried out with 4-5 different concentrations of preservatives and results of different studies were comparing with control values. 24 and 48 hrs. treatments of preservatives are given to lymphocytes and from their results the range of concentration are prepared which cannot be hazards for human’s daily intake. This concentration range of preservatives can be later on approved by Food and Drug Administration.<#LINE#>Mpountoukas P., Vantarakis A., Sivridis E. and Lialiaris T. (2008).@Cytogenetic study in cultured human lymphocytes treated with three commonly used preservatives.@Food Chem. Toxicol., 46(7), 2390-2393.@Yes$Pongsavee M. (2015).@Effect of Sodium Benzoate Preservative on Micronucleus Induction , Chromosome Break, and Ala40Thr Superoxide Dismutase Gene Mutation in Lymphocytes.@BioMed research international, 1-5.@Yes$Tuormaa T.E. (1994).@The Adverse Effects of Food Additives on Health&#8239;: A Review of the Literature with Special Emphasis on Childhood Hyperactivity.@J. Orthomol. Med., 9, 225-243.@Yes$Jay J.M., Loessner M.J. and Golden D.A. (2005).@Modern Food Microbiology.@Springer Science.@Yes$Council of the European Union (1989).@Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food additives authorised for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption (89/107/EEC).@Off. J. Eur. Union L40/27, 7.@No$Council Directive (1995).@95/2/EC of 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colours and sweeteners.@Official Journal L, 61(18), 3.@Yes$Ishidate M. and Odashima S. (1977).@Chromosome tests with 134 compounds on chinese hamster cells in vitro - a screening for chemical carcinogens.@Mutat. Res., 48(3-4), 337-353.@Yes$Emerald Kalama Chemical (2004).@Sodium benzoate.@React. Wkly., NA, 16.@No$Yetuk G., Pandir D. and Bas H. (2014).@Protective role of catechin and quercetin in sodium benzoate-induced lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in human erythrocytes in vitro.@Sci. World J.@Yes$Goto K., Maeda S., Kano Y. and Sugiyama T. (1978).@Factors involved in differential giemsa-staining of sister chromatids.@Chromosoma, 66(4), 351-359.@Yes$Lialiaris T., Pantazaki A., Sivridis E. and Mourelatos D. (1992).@Chlorpromazine-induced damage on nucleic acids: a combined cytogenetic and biochemical study.@Mutat. Res. - Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 265(2), 155-163.@Yes$Maskaleris T., Lialiaris T. and Triantaphyllidis C. (1998).@Induction of cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes in vitro and of antineoplastic effects in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo treated by methotrexate, hyperthermia and/or caffeine.@Mutat. Res.- Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 422(2), 229-236.@Yes$Y&#305;lmaz S., Ünal F. and Yüzba&#351;&#305;o&#287;lu D. (2009).@The in vitro genotoxicity of benzoic acid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.@Cytotechnology, 60(1-3), 55-61.@Yes$Speit G. (1984).@Considerations on the mechanism of differential Giemsa staining of BrdU-substituted chromosomes.@Hum. Genet., 67(3), 264-269.@Yes$Mamur S., Yüzba&#351;io&#487;lu D., Ünal F. and Yilmaz S. (2010).@Does potassium sorbate induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects in lymphocytes?.@Toxicol. Vitr., 24(3), 790-794.@Yes$Singh N.P., McCoy M.T., Tice R.R. and Schneider E.L. (1988).@A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells.@Exp. Cell Res., 175(1), 184-191.@Yes$Zengin N., Yüzba&#351;io&#285;lu D., Ünal F., Yilmaz S. and Aksoy H. (2011).@The evaluation of the genotoxicity of two food preservatives: Sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate.@Food Chem., Toxicol., 49, 763-769.@Yes$Yüzba&#351;io&#487;lu D., Çelik M., Yilmaz S., Ünal F. and Aksoy H. (2006).@Clastogenicity of the fungicide afugan in cultured human lymphocytes.@Mutat. Res - Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 604, 53-59.@Yes$Fenech M. (2008).@The in vitro micronucleus technique.@Mutat. Res.- Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen., 455, 81-95.@Yes$Palus J., Rydzynski K.l., Dziubaltowska E., Wyszynska K., Natarajan A.T. and Nilsson R. (2003).@Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium.@Mutat. Res. - Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 540, 19-28.@Yes$Mamur S., Ünal Fatma, Hüseyin Aksoy and Yu D. (2012).@Genotoxicity of food preservative sodium sorbate in human lymphocytes in vitro.@Cytotechnology, 64(5), 553-562. doi:10.1007/s10616-012-9434-5@Yes$Schiffmann D. and Schlatter J. (1992).@Genotoxicity and cell transformation studies with sorbates in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts.@30(8), 669-672.@Yes$Schlatter J., Würgler F.E., Kränzlin R., Maier P., Holliger E. and Graf U. (1992).@The potential genotoxicity of sorbates: Effects on cell cycle in vitro in V79 cells and somatic mutations in Drosophila.@Food Chem. Toxicol., 30(10), 843-851.@Yes$Seabright M. (1971).@A Rapid Banding Technique for Human Chromosomes.@Lancet, 298, 971-972.@Yes$Gisselsson D. (2011).@Chromosomal instability in cancer: Causes and consequences.@Atlas Genet. Cytogenet. Oncol. Haematol., 1-9. doi:10.4267/2042/37771@No$Evans H.J. and O@Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagen tests.@Mutation Research / Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects, 31(3), 135-148. In: Kilbey, B.J., Legator, M.,Nichols, W., Ramel, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 405–427.@Yes$Perry P.E. and Thomson E.J. (1984).@The Methodology of Sister Chromatid Exchange, in Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures, 2nd Edition (edited by B. J. Kilbey, M. Legator, W. Nicholsand C. Ramel).@Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, 269-290.@Yes