@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship as revealed by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism in the different Ecoraces of Indian tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta drury<#LINE#>Sreenivas @M.,Shamitha @G. <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-142.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India<#LINE#>22/11/2016<#LINE#>21/2/2017<#LINE#>The tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D., is a semi-domesticated (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), wild sericigenous insect. The tropical tasar silkworm is cultivated in the dense, humid, tropical forests of eastern, central and southern India. It is feeds on eight primary food plants. The primary food plants are Terminalia Arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa, Shorea robusta, Lagerstroemia parviflora, L. speciosa, L. indica, Zizyphus and Hardwickia binata. The present studies of genetic relations based on phylogeny of tasar ecoraces using co-dominant microsatellites, further provides molecular evidence of the fact that climatic factors, the changes at DNA level and its wide range of distribution in varied geographic conditions would lead to genetic divergence ultimately leading to the formation of new ecoraces.<#LINE#>Jolly M.S., Sen S.K. and Ahsan M.M. (1974).@Tasar Culture.@Bombay: Ambika, 1-166.@Yes$Jolly M.S, Chaturvedi S.N. and Prasad S. (1968).@A survey of tasar crops in India.@Indian Journal of Sericulture, 9, 23-25.@Yes$Sengupta A.K., Sinha A.K. and Sengupta K. (1993).@Genetic reserves of Antheraea mylitta Drury.@Indian silk, 32(5), 39-46.@Yes$Singh B.M.K and Srivastava A.K. (1997).@Ecoraces of Antheraea mylitta Drury and exploitation strategy through hybridization.@Current Technology Seminar on Non-Mulberry Sericulture, CTR&TI Ranchi, India, 6, 1-39.@Yes$Suryanarayana N. and Srivastava A.K. (2005).@Monograph on Tropical Tasar Silkworm.@Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, CSB, India.@Yes$Srivastava A.K., Singh B.M.K., Kar P.K., Sinha A.K., Naqui A.H., Sinha B.R.R.Pd. and Sinha S.S. (1998).@Sexual divergence in allopatric populations of Antheraea mylitta Drury.@Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, 9, 659-664.@No$Srivastava A.K., Naqvi A.H., Sinha A.K., Vishwakarma S.R., Roy G.C. and Sinha B.R.R.Pd. (2002).@Biotic diversity and genetic resource conservation of tropical tasar silkworm: National imperative.@Advances in Indian sericulture research (ed. Dandin S.B. and Gupta V.P.), Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board India, 387-394.@Yes$Bernatzky R. and Tanksley S.D. (1989).@Restriction fragments as molecular markers for germplasm evaluation and utilization.@353-362. In: The use of plant genetic resources, edited by A.H.D. Brown, O. H. Frankel, D. R. Marshel & J. T. Williams. Cambridge University Press, New York.@Yes$Gepts P. (1993).@The use of molecular and biochemical markers in crop evolution studies.@Evol. Biol., 27, 51-94.@Yes$Ziêtkiewicz E., Rafalski A. and Labuda D. (1994).@Genome finger-printing by simple sequence repeat (SSR) anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification.@Genomics, 20(2), 176-183.@Yes$Williams J.G.K., Kubelik A.R., Livak K.J., Rafalski J.A. and Tingey S.V. (1990).@DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers.@Nucleic Acids Res, 18(22), 6531-6535.@Yes$Hadrys H., Balick M. and Schierwater B. (1992).@Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology.@Mol Ecol, 1(1), 55-63.@Yes$Lu R. and Rank G.H. (1996).@Use of RAPD analyses to estimate population genetic parameters in the alfalfa leaf cutting bee, Megachile rotundata.@Genome, 39(4), 655-663.@Yes$Shivaji S., Bhanu N.V. and Aggarwal R.K. (2000).@Identification of Yersinia pestis as the causative organism of plague in India as determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and RAPD-based genomic fingerprinting. FEMS.@Microbiol. Lett., 189(2), 247-252.@Yes$Rao S.N., Nath B.S. and Saratchandra B. (2005).@Characterization and phylogenetic relationships among microsporidia infecting silkworm, Bombyx mori, using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) sequence analysis.@Genome, 48(3), 355-366.@Yes$Nath B.S., Hassan W., Rao S.N., Prakash N.B.V., Gupta S.K., Mohanan N.M. and Bajpai A.K. (2011).@Genetic diversity among microsporidian isolates from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.@Acta Parasitol., 56(4), 333-338.@Yes$Vijayan K., Nair C.V., Kar P.K., Mohandas T.P., Saratchandra B. and Urs S.R. (2005).@Genetic variability within and among three ecoraces of the tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury, as revealed by ISSR and RAPD Markers.@Int. J. Indust. Entomol., 10(1), 51-59.@Yes$Dutta S.R., Kar P.K., Srivastava A.K., Sinha M.K., Shankar J. and Ghosh A.K. (2012).@Identifcation of RAPD and SCAR markers associated with yield traits in the Indian tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta drury.@Genet. Mol. Biol., 35(4), 743-751.@Yes$Nagaraju Javaregowda, Sharma Abhay, Sethuraman Balakathiresan N., Rao G.V. and Singh Lalji (1995).@DNA fingerprinting in silkworm Bombyx mori using banded krait minor satellite DNA-derived probe.@Electrophoresis, 16, 1639-1642.@Yes$Chatterjee S.N., Vijayan K., Roy G.C. and Nair C.V. (2004).@ISSR profiling of genetic variability in the ecotypes of Antheraea mylitta Drury, the tropical tasar silkworm.@Russian Journal of Genetics, 40(2), 152-159.@Yes$Yeh F.C. and Yang R.C. (1999).@Pop gene Version 1.31. Microsoft Window-based Freeware for Population Genetic Analysis.@Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.@Yes$Pradeep A.R., Awasthi A.K., Singh C.K., Anuradha J.H., Rao C.G.P. and Vijayaprakash N.B. (2011).@Genetic evaluation of eri silkworm Samia Cynthia ricini: ISSR loci specific to high and low altitude regimes and quantitative attributes.@J. Appl. Genetics, 52(3), 345-353.@Yes$Nei M. (1973).@Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations.@Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 70(12), 3321-3323.@Yes$Nei M. (1978).@Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals.@Genetics, 89(3), 583-590.@Yes$Nei M. (1987).@Molecular Evolutionary Genetics.@Columbia University Press, New York.@Yes$Vogel J.M. and Scolnik P.A. (1997).@Direct amplification from microsatellites: detection of simple sequence repeat-based polymorphisms without cloning.@In: Caetano-Anolles, G., Gresshoff, P.M. (eds.), DNA markers Protocols, Applications, and Overviews. Wiley-VCH: New York, 133-150.@Yes$Schlo¨tterer C., Vogl C. and Tautz D. (1997).@Polymorphism and locus-specific effects on polymorphism at microsatellite loci in natural Drosophila melanogaster populations.@Genetics., 146(1), 309-320.@Yes$Joshi S.P., Gupta V.S., Aggarwal R.K., Ranjekar P.K. and Brar D.S. (2000).@Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship as revealed by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism in the genus Oryza.@Theor Appl Genet, Springer-Verlag, 100(8), 1311-1320.@Yes$Hedrick P.W., Ginevan M.E., Ewing E.P. (1976).@Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments.@Ann Rev. Ecol. Syst., 7(1), 1-32.@Yes$Hedrick P.W., Thomson G. and Klitz W. (1986).@Evolutionary genetics: HLA as an exemplary system.@Evolutionary Process and Theory, edited by S. Karlin, and E. Nevo. Academic Press, New York, 583-606.@Yes$Hassan Wazid and Nath Surendra B. (2015).@Genetic Characterisation of Microsporidia Infecting Indian Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, Using Morphology and Molecular Tools.@Folia Parasitologica, 62(34), 1-9.@Yes$Kar P.K., Vijayan K., Mohandas T.P., Nair C.V., Saratchandra B. and Thangavelu K. (2005).@Genetic variability and genetic structure of wild and semi-domestic populations of tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta) ecorace Daba as revealed through ISSR markers.@Genetica, 125(2), 173-183. DOI 10.1007/s10709-005-7002z.@Yes$Wright S. (1949).@The genetical structure of populations.@Ann. Eug., 15(1), 323-354.@Yes$Slatkin M. (1987).@Gene flow and geographic structure of natural populations.@Science, 236, 787-793.@Yes
<#LINE#>Combined effects of metals and chlorophenols on dehydrogenase activity of bacterial consortium<#LINE#>C.E. @Nwanyanwu,I.E. @Adieze,C.O. @Nweke,B.C. @Nzeh <#LINE#>10-20<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-010.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria@Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria<#LINE#>27/1/2017<#LINE#>5/4/2017<#LINE#>Toxicity of Zinc, Cadmium, 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and their binary and quaternary mixtures were determined based on inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of a consortium of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus species. The toxicity of chemicals and their mixtures were evaluated in the concentration range of 0-3mM while Cadmium and 2,4-Dichlorophenol binary mixture range was 0-1.8mM. Zinc, 4-CP and 2,4-DCP exhibited hormetic effect at low concentration. The IC50 were determined using monotonic and hormesis dose-response models. The binary and quaternary mixtures of the pollutants evaluated showed progressive inhibition of the enzyme activity. The combined effects of the mixtures on the enzyme activity of the bacterial consortium were evaluated with isobolographic representation and toxic index (TI) model. The isobolographic analysis indicated additive, synergistic and antagonistic interactions for the various binary mixtures evaluated. However, the TI of most mixtures was within the range of 0.5-2.0 and are considered additive. Modulation of the toxic interactions by the components of the mixture through synergistic and antagonistic interaction of the heavy metals and phenolic compounds against the dehydrogenase activity of the bacterial consortium were possible depending on the relative amount of the components.<#LINE#>Gikas P. (2007).@Kinetic responses of activated sludge to individual and joint nickel (Ni(II)) and cobalt (Co(II)): An isobolographic approach.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143(1), 246-256. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2006.09.019@Yes$Nies D.H. (1999).@Microbial heavy metal resistance.@Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 51(6), 730-750.@Yes$&#536;engor S.S., Barua S., Gikas P., Ginn T.R., Peyton B., Sani R.K. and Spycher N.F. (2009).@Influence of heavy metals on microbial growth kinectics including Lag Time: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(10), 2020-2029. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-273.1@Yes$Babich H. and Stotzky G. (1982).@Nickel toxicity to microbes: Effect of pH and implications for acid rain.@Environmental Research, 29(2), 335-350.@Yes$Mowat A. (1976).@Measurement of metal toxicity by biochemical oxygen demand.@Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 48(5), 853-866.@Yes$Sandrin T. and Maier R. (2003).@Impact of metals on the biodegradation of organic pollutants.@Environmental Health Perspective, 111(8), 1093-1101. http:/dx.doi.org/ 10.1289/ehp.5840@Yes$Gikas P. and Romanos P. (2006).@Effects of tri-valent (Cr (III)) and hexavalent (Cr(VI)) chromium on the growth rate of activated sludge.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 133(1), 212-217. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.023@Yes$Nwanyanwu C.E., Nweke C.O., Orji J.C. and Opurum C.C. (2013).@Phenol and heavy metal tolerance among petroleum refinery effluent bacteria.@Journal of Research in Biology, 3, 922-931.@No$Stohs S.J. and Bagchi D. (1995).@Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions.@Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 18(2), 321-336.@Yes$Peitzsch N., Eberz G. and Nies D.H. (1998).@Alcaligenes eutrophus as a bacterial chromate sensor.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(2), 453-458.@Yes$Roane T.M., Rensing C., Pepper I.L. and Maier R.M. (2008).@Microorganisms and Metal Pollution.@Environmental microbiology, 2nd Elsevier Science, San Diego, CA., 427-448.@No$Nweke C.O. and Okpokwasili G.C. (2010).@Influence of exposure time on phenol toxicity to refinery wastewater bacteria.@Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2(2), 20-27.@Yes$Kibret M., Somitsch W. and Robra K.H. (2000).@Characterization of a phenol degrading mixed population by enzyme assay.@Water Research, 34(4), 1127-1134. http:/dx.doiorg/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00248-1@Yes$Song-Hu Y. and Xiao-Hua L. (2005).@Comparison treatment of various chlorophenols by electro-Fenton method: Relationship between chlorine content and degradation.@Journal of Hazardous Materials, 118(1), 85-92. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.025@Yes$Manojlovic D., Ostojic D.R., Obradovic B.M., Kuraica M.M., Krsmanovic V.D. and Puric J. (2007).@Removal of phenol and chlorophenols from water by new ozone generator.@Desalination and Water Treatment, 213(1-3), 116-122. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.059@Yes$Nweke C.O. and Okpokwasili G.C. (2013).@Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon and fungal biomass.@International Journal of Biosciences, 3(8), 11-21. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.12692/ijb/3.8.11-21@Yes$Keweloh H., Weyrauch G. and Rehm H.J. (1990).@Phenol induced membrane changes in free and immobilized Escherichia coli.@Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33(1), 66-71. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1007/ BF00170572.@Yes$Choi S.H. and Gu M.B. (2001).@Phenolic toxicity: detection and classification through the use of a recombinant bioluminescent Escherichia coli.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20(2), 248-255.@Yes$Santos V.L., Heilbuth N.M. and Linardi V.R. (2001).@Degradation of phenol by Trichosporon sp. LE3 cells immobilized in alginate.@Journal of Basic Microbiology, 41(3-4), 171-178.@Yes$Quilchano C. and Maranon T. (2002).@Dehydrogenase activity in Mediterranean forest soil.@Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35(2), 102-107. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0446-8@Yes$Nweke C.O. and Okpokwasili G.C. (2010).@Inhibition of dehydrogenase activity in petroleum refinery wastewater bacteria by phenolic compounds.@Ambi-Água, 5(1), 6-16. http:/dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.115@Yes$Preston S., Coad N., Townend J., Killham K. and Paton G.I. (2000).@Biosensing the acute toxicity of metal interactions: are they additive, synergistic, or antagonistic?.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19(3), 775-780.@Yes$Le-Blanc G.A. and Wang G.R. (2006).@Chemical mixtures greater than additive effects.@Environmental Health Perspective, 114(9), 517-518.@Yes$Choi S.H. and Gu M.B. (2002).@A portable toxicity biosensor using freeze-dried recombinant bioluminescent bacteria.@Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 17(5), 433-440.@Yes$Nweke C.O., Ahumibe N.C. and Orji J.C. (2014).@Toxicity of binary mixtures of formulated glyphosate and phenols to Rhizobium Species dehydrogenase activity.@Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(4), 161-169. http:/dx.doi.org/ 10.5923/j.als.20150502.01@Yes$Schabenberger O., Tharp B.E., Kells J.J. and Penner D. (1999).@Statistical test for hormesis and effective dosages in herbicide dose–response.@Agronomy Journal, 91(4), 713-721. http:/dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1999.914713x@Yes$Boillot C. and Perrodin Y. (2008).@Joint-action ecotoxicity of binary mixtures of glutaraldehyde and surfactants used in hospitals: use of the Toxicity Index model and isobologram representation.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 71(1), 252-259. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv. 2007.08.010@Yes$Calabrese E.J. and Blain R. (2005).@The occurrence of hormetic dose responses in the toxicological literature, the hormesis database: an overview.@Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 202(3), 289-301.@Yes$Christofi N., Hoffmann C. and Tosh L. (2002).@Hormesis responses of free and immobilized light-emitting bacteria.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 52(3), 227-231. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2002.2203@Yes$Mahgoub S., Abdelbasit H. and Abdelfattah H. (2015).@Removal of phenol and zinc by Candida isolated from wastewater for integrated biological treatment.@Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(12), 3381-3387.@Yes$Altenburger R., Nendza M. and Schüürmann G. (2003).@Mixture toxicity and its modeling by quantitative structure–activity relationships.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22(8), 1900-1915.@Yes$Deneer J.W. (2000).@Toxicity of mixtures of pesticides in aquatic systems.@Pest Management Science, 56(6), 516-520.@Yes$Brzo´ska M.M., Galaz´yn-Sidorczuk M., Rogalska J., Roszczenko A., Jurczuk M., Majewska K. and Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. (2008).@Beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on biomechanical properties of femoral distal end and femoral diaphysis of male rats chronically exposed to cadmium.@Chemical and Biological Interactions, 171(3), 312-324.@Yes$Xu X., Li Y., Wang Y. and Wang Y. (2011).@Assessment of toxic interactions of heavy metals in multi-component mixtures using sea urchin embryo-larval bioassay.@Toxicology in Vitro, 25(1), 294-300. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.007@Yes$Zhu B.Z., Shechtman S. and Chevion M. (2001).@Synergistic cytotoxicity between pentachlorophenol and copper in a bacterial model.@Chemosphere, 45(4), 463-470.@Yes$Ishaque A.B., Johnson L., Gerald T., Boucaud D., Okoh J. and Tchounwou P.B. (2006).@Assessment of individual and combined toxicities of four non-essential metals (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in the Microtox Assay.@International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 3(1), 118-120.@Yes$Mowat F.S. and Bundy K.J. (2002).@Experimental and mathematical/computational assessment of the acute toxicity of chemical mixtures from the Microtox® assay.@Advances in Environmental Research, 6(4), 547-558. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00099-5@Yes$Heipieper H.J., Diefenbach R. and Keweloh H. (1992).@Conversion of cis unsaturated fatty acids to trans: a possible mechanism for the protection of phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putidaP8 from substrate toxicity.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58(6), 1847-1852.@Yes$Okolo J.C., Nweke C.O., Nwabueze R.N., Dike C.U. and Nwanyanwu C.E. (2007).@Toxicity of phenolic compounds to oxidoreductases of Acinetobacter species isolated from a tropical soil.@Scientific Research EssayS, 2(7), 244-250.@Yes$Ren S. and Frymier P.D. (2002).@Estimating the toxicities of organic chemicals to bioluminescent bacteria and activated sludge.@Water Research, 36(17), 4406-4414. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.009@Yes$Rajani M.R., Sreekanth D. and Himabindu V. (2011).@Degradation of mixture of phenolic compounds by activated sludge processes using mixed consortia.@International Journal of Energy and Environment, 2(1), 151-160.@Yes$Agarry S.E., Solomon B.O. and Durojaiye A.O. (2008).@Microbial degradation of phenols: a review.@International Journal of Environmental and Pollution, 32(1), 12-28.@Yes$Beelen P.V. and Fleuren-Kemila A.K. (1997).@Influence of pH on the toxic effects of Zinc, Cadmium, and Pentachlorophenol on pure cultures of soil microorganisms.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16(2), 146-153. http:/dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/ etc.5620160208@Yes
<#LINE#>Statistical optimization of cellulase production in Pseudomonas spp and its application in bioethanol production<#LINE#>Sasirekha @B.,Vishal @B.J. <#LINE#>21-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-016.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India@Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Bangalore B School, Off Magadi road, Bangalore, Kaarnataka, India<#LINE#>9/2/2017<#LINE#>4/4/2017<#LINE#>Cellulolytic microorganism converts cellulose into monomeric units which can be used for production of valuable products. This study demonstrates the production of cellulase by Pseudomonas spp VC14. Strain Pseudomonas spp VC14 cellulase activity was increased by optimization of physicochemical parameters by Plackett-Burman statistical design. Optimization showed NH4Cl and FeSO4 as significant components influencing cellulose production. On optimization the production of cellulase increased 5.41 fold (1.84 U/ml) within 24 hrs compared to unoptimized medium. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of reducing sugars with Saccharomyces cerevisae showed 5.1% bioethanol production. Thus, the results of the present work clearly revealed that cellulose from strain Pseudomonas spp VC14 can efficiently be used for bioethanol production.<#LINE#>Kalaiselvi V., Jayalakshmi S. and narayanan R.L. (2013).@Biofuel Production using Marine Microbes.@Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 2(5), 67-74.@Yes$Dong F. (2007).@Food security and biofuels Development: The case of China.@Briefing paper Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development lowa State university, 07-BP 52.@Yes$Khan R.A., Nawaz A., Ahmed M., Khan M.R., Azam F.D., Ullah S., Sadullah F., Ahmad A., Shah M.S. and Khan, N.  (2012).@Production of bioethanol through enzymatic hydrolysis of potato.@Afr. J.Biotechnol., 11(25), 6739-6743.@Yes$Shelke R.R., Jikare A., Deokar S., Jadhav S. and Chavan M. (2015).@Studies on ethanol production from studies on ethanol production from cellulolytic waste.@World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(12), 1216-1223.@Yes$Vaithanomsat P., Chuichulchem S. and Apiwatanapiwat W. (2009).@Bioethanol production from enzymatically saccharified sunflower stalks using steam explosion as pretreatment.@Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(1), 88-91.@Yes$Chakraborty N., Sarkar G.M. and Lahiri S.C. (2000).@Cellulose degrading capabilities of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the intestinal fluids of the silver cricket.@Environmentalist, 20(1), 9-11.@Yes$Lu W.J., Wang H.T., Nie Y.F.,Wang Z.C., Huang D.Y., Qiu X.Y. and Chen J.C. (2004).@Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with lignocellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process.@J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 39(5-6), 871-887.@Yes$Nutt A., Sild V., Prtterson G. and Johansson G. (1998).@Progress curve as a means for functional classification of cellulases.@Eur. J.  Biochem., 258(1), 200- 206.@Yes$Phitsuwan P., Tachaapaikoon C., Kosugi A., Mori Y., Kyu K.L. and Ratanakhanokchai K. (2010).@A cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme complex from an alkalother-moanarobacterium, Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14.@J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20(5), 893-903.@Yes$Sharma S. and Sumbali G. (2014).@Isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungal species associated with lower denomination currency notes, circulating in Jammu city (India).@International Journal of Recent Scientific Research., 5(3), 596-600.@Yes$Kasana R.C., Salwan R., Dhar H., Dutt S. and Gulati A. (2008).@A rapid and easy method for the detection of microbial cellulases on agar plates using gram@Curr.  Microbiol., 57(5), 503-507.@Yes$Kim J.Y., Hur S.H. and Hong J.H. (2005).@Purification and characterization of an alkaline cellulase from a newly isolated alkalophilic Bacillus sp. HSH- 810.@Biotechnol. Lett., 27(5), 313-316.@Yes$Ali S., Ahmed S., Sheikh M.A., Hashm A.S., Rajoka M.I. and Jamil A. (2009).@Lysine production by L-homoserine resistant mutant of Brevibacterium flavum.@J.  Chem. Soc. Pak., 31(1), 97-102.@Yes$Miller G.L. (1959).@Use of dinitrosalicyclic acid reagent for determination reducing sugar.@Analytical Chem., 31(3), 426-428.@Yes$Garrity G.M., Bell J.A. and Lilburn T.G. (2004).@Taxanomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.@2nd Edition, Springer-Veriag, New York.@Yes$Abdel-Mawgoud A.M., Aboulwafa M.M. and Abdel-Haleem H.N. (2008).@Optimization of surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis isolate BS5.@Appl. Biochem.  Biotechnol., 150(3), 305-325.@Yes$Poznanski S. (1928).@The analysis of mixtures of ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetic acid and water.@J. Am. Chem. Soc., 50(4), 981-988.@Yes$Gomashe A.V., Gulhane P.A. and Bezalwar P.M. (2013).@Isolation and Screening of Cellulose Degrading Microbes from Nagpur Region Soil.@Int. J. Life Sciences, 1(4), 291-293.@Yes$Gupta P., Samant K. and Sahu A. (2012).@Isolation of cellulose degrading bacteria and determination of their cellulolytic potential.@International Journal of Microbiology, 1-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/578925.@Yes$Gohel H.R., Contractor C.N., Ghosh S.K. and Braganza V.J. (2014).@A comparative study of various staining techniques for determination of extra cellular cellulase activity on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) agar plates.@Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci., 3(5), 261-266.@Yes$Gopinath S.M., Shareef I., Latha A. and Ranjit S. (2014).@Isolation, screening and purification of cellulase from cellulase producing Klebsiella variicola RBEB3 (KF036184.1).@International Journal of Science and Research, 3(6),1398-1403.@Yes$Thatoi H.N., Behera B.C., Dangar T.K. and Mishra R.R. (2012).@Microbial biodiversity in mangrove soil of Bhitarakanika, Odisha, India.@International Journal of Environmental Biology, 2(2), 50-58.@Yes$Tabao N.S.C. and Monsalud R.G. (2010).@Characterization and identification of high cellulose producing bacterial strains from philippine mangroves.@Philipine journal of Systemetic Biology, 4, 13-20.@Yes$Rastogi G., Muppidi G.L., Gurram R.N., Adhikari A., Bischoff K.M., Hughes H.R., Apel W.A., Bang S.S., Dixon D.J. and Sani R.K. (2009).@Isolation and characterization of cellulose-degrading bacteria from the deep subsurface of the Homestake gold mine, Lead, South Dakota, USA.@J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36 (4), 585-598.@Yes$Ekperigin M.M. (2007).@Preliminary studies of cellulase production by Acinetobacter anitratus and Branhamella sp.@Afr. J.  Biotechnol., 6(1), 28-33.@Yes$Talia P., Sede S.M., Campos E., Rorig M., Principi D., Tosto D., Hopp H.E., Grasso D. and Cataldi A. (2012).@Biodiversity characterization of cellulolytic bacteria present on native Chaco soil by comparison of ribosomal RNA genes.@Res. Microbiol., 163(3), 221-232.@Yes$Palleroni N.J. (2010).@The Pseudomonas story.@Environ. Microbiol., 12(6), 1377-1383.@Yes$Yan-Ling L., Zhang Z., Wu M., Wu Y. and Feng J.X. (2014).@Isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of China and optimization of cellulase production by Paenibacillus terrae ME27-1.@BioMed Research International, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/512497@Yes$Kumar D., Ashfaque M., Muthukumar M., Singh M. and Garg N. (2012).@Production and characterization of carboxymethylcellulase from Paenibacillus polymyxa using mango peel as substrate.@J. Environ. Biol., 33(1), 81-84.@Yes$Kalogeris E., Christakopoulos P., Katapodis P., Alexiou A., Vlachou S., Kekos D. and Marcis B.J. (2003).@Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus under solid state cultivation of agricultural wastes.@Proc. Biochem., 38(7), 1099-1104.@Yes$Vyas A., Vyas D., Vyas K.M. (2005).@Production and optimization of cellulases on pretreated groundnut shell by Aspergillus terreus AV49.@J. Sci. Ind. Res., 64, 281-286.@Yes$Balamurugan A., Jayanthi R., Nepolean P., Pallav R.V. and Premkumar R. (2011).@Studies on cellulose degrading bacteria in tea garden soils.@Afr. J. Plant. Sci., 5(1), 22-27.@Yes$Singh S., Moholkar V.S. and Goyal A. (2014).@Optimization of carboxymethylcellulase production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SS35.@3 Biotech, 4(4), 411-424.@Yes$Pandey A., Tiwari S., Jadhav S.K. and Tiwari K.L. (2013).@Efficient microorganism for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic Azolla.@Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(6), 350-355.@Yes$Narasimha G., Sridevi A., Buddolla V., Subhosh C.M. and Reddy R. (2006).@Nutrient effects on production of cellulolytic enzymes by Aspergillus niger.@J. Biotechnol., 5(5), 472-476.@Yes$Sasikumar E. and Viruthagiri T. (2010).@Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse in Kinetics and modeling.@International Journal of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 4(1), 93-100.@Yes$Karuppaiya M., Sasikumar E., Viruthagiri T. and Vijayagopal V. (2009).@Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology for ethanol production from waste cashew apple by Zymomonas mobilis.@Chemical Eng., 196(11), 1425-1435.@Yes
<#LINE#>Developmental abnormalities of Bettasplendens embryos reared in oil and grease contaminated water samples of Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>Umasuthan @S.,Patrick @A.E.S.,Naveendrakumar @G.,Kuganathan @S. <#LINE#>27-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka@Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka@Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science,Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka@Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>27/2/2017<#LINE#>3/4/2017<#LINE#>In Vavuniya urban area the wash-outs from petroleum automobile service stations contain Kerosene oil, lubricating engine oil, grease as major compounds that contributing oil and grease pollution in Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka. To investigate the potential oil and grease toxicity on fish embryo development, the Bettasplendens (Siamese fighting fish) embryos were reared in water samples from Vavuniya reservoir. Average value of oil and grease content from polluted location was determined for the preparation of artificial aliquots of oil and grease (20 mg of Engine oil: Kerosene oil: Grease =1:1:1 w/w). These aliquots mixed with the 1000 ml of water samples obtained from non-polluted location of this reservoir. Prepared medium was shaken vigorously for 5 minutes and 25ml was added in each Petridish to prepare the larval growth medium.  Meantime, 25ml of non-polluted water was taken in another set of Petri dishes as a control setup. Treatments and control were allowed under natural diffuse photo periods. Frequent microscopic examinations were done until 72hpf (hours post-fertilization) for embryological abnormalities and compared with control group from March to December2016. Significant embryo developmental abnormalities such as delayed and reduced outgrowth of the caudal fin-fold (p= .008), reduction in melanin pigment formation (p= .04) and higher larval mortality (75 %) were observed. Hence, much higher potential of oil and grease impacts on fish embryo development observed in this study, suggests the threats for survival of local fish species in Vavuniya reservoir. Assessment of oil and grease impact on the reproductive potential of the local fish species is necessary for its conservation in their natural habitats.<#LINE#>Cleveland L., Little E., Calfee R.D. and Barron M.G. (2000).@Photoenhanced toxicity of weathered oil to Mysidopsisbahia.@Aquat. Toxicol., 49(1), 63-76.@Yes$Barron M.G., Carls M.G., Short J.W. and Rice S.D. (2003).@Photoenhanced toxicity of aqueous phase and chemically dispersed weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to Pacific herring eggs and larvae.@Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22(3), 650-660.@Yes$Hatlen K., Sloan C.A., Burrows D.G., Collier T.K., Scholz N.L. and Incardona J.P. (2010).@Natural sunlight and residual fuel oils are an acutely lethal combination for fish embryos.@Journal of Aquatic Toxicology, 99(1), 56-64.@Yes$Patrick A.E.S., Kuganathan S. and Edirisinghe U. (2014).@Linear morphometric phenomenon of Oreochromisniloticusin polluted location of Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka.@Proceedings of the Postgraduate Institute of Science Research Congress, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 84.@No$Carls Mark G., Holland Larry, Larsen Marie, Collier Tracy K., Scholz Nathaniel L. and Incardona John P. (2008).@Fish embryos are damaged by dissolved PAHs not oil particles.@Aquatic Toxicol., 88(2), 121-127.@Yes$Incardona J.P., Carls M.G., Teraoka H., Sloan C.A., Collier T.K. and Scholz N.L. (2005).@Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-independent toxicity of weathered crude oil during fish development.@Environ.HealthPerspect, 113(12), 1755-1762.@Yes$Patrick A.E.S. (2009).@Viable growth performance of Bettasplendens (Regan, 1910) larvae with different aquaria environment and diets in Jaffna District.@Sri Lankan Association for the Advancement of Science (SLAAS) on 65th Annual Session, 82.@No$Arfsten D.P., Schaeffer D.J. and Mulveny D.C. (1996).@The effects of near ultraviolet radiation on the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in animals and plants: a review.@Ecotoxicol., Environ. Saf., 33(1), 1-24.@Yes$Yu H. (2002).@Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: photochemistry and phototoxicity.@Journal of Environmental Science Health C: Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev., 20(2), 149-183.@Yes
<#LINE#>Structure, composition and biodiversity of tree species inside Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (GGV) Campus, Bilaspur, CG, India<#LINE#>Arvind @Kumar,Akshay @Kumar <#LINE#>32-39<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-025.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India and Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India@Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur-495009, India<#LINE#>2/3/2017<#LINE#>4/4/2017<#LINE#>Increasing population and changing lifestyle lead extensive commercial exploitation of the natural resources and loss of biodiversity. Therefore, documentation of biodiversity is mandatory to develop the strategies of conservation and management. A tropical deciduous forest area of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (GGV) campus was divided into eleven grids and studied by quadrat method. A total of 26 tree species were observed inside GGV campus. Of the 26 tree species, 21 were identified as Butea monosperma, Acacia nilotica, Eucalyptus, Ziziphus mauritiana, Millettia pinnata, Delonix regia, Azadirachta indica, Tectona grandis, Alkana tinctoria, Saraca asoca, Diospyros melanoxylon, Dalbergia sisso, Mangifera indica, Madhuca indica, Syzygium cumini, Cascabela thevetia, Dendrocalamus strictus, Ficus religiosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Cassia fistula, and Alangium salvifolium. These plant species belong to 14 different families. Among them Fabaceae was the most dominant family followed by Myrtaceae. Acacia nilotica, Butea monosperma, Eucalyptus, Delonix regia and Diospyros melanoxylon displayed higher frequency, density and abundance in the study site. On the basis of IVI values Butea monosperma, Acacia nilotica, Delonix regia, Eucalyptus, Diospyros melanoxylon and Cassia fistula were documented as predominant plant communities.<#LINE#>Heywood V.H. (1995).@Global Biodiversity assessment.@UNEP, Cambridge University Press, 1140.@Yes$Parsons D.J. (1976).@Vegetation structure in the mediterranean scrub communities of California and Chile.@J. Ecol., 64(2), 435-447.@Yes$Li Q., Yang L. and Zhou J. (2002).@Comparative analysis on species diversity of hillcolsed afforested plant community in Beijing Jiulong Mountain.@Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 13(9), 1065-1068.@Yes$Gaston K.J. (2000).@Global patterns in biodiversity.@Nature., 405, 220-227.@Yes$Siren L. (2003).@Plant species diversity in Wuyishan national nature reserve.@Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 39(1), 36-43.@Yes$Zhiyao T., Jingyun F. and Ling Z. (2004).@Patterns of woody plant species diversity along environmental gradients on Mt.Taibai, Qinling Mountains.@Biodivers. Sci., 12(1), 115-122.@Yes$Currie D.J. (1991).@Energy and large scale patterns of animal and plant species richness.@The Amer. Naturalist, 137(1), 27-49.@Yes$Schall J.J. and Pianka E.R. (1978).@Geographical trends in numbers of species.@Sci., 201(4357), 679-686.@Yes$Patel D.K. (2012).@Vegetation structure and composition in Guru Ghasidas vishwavidyalaya in central India.@Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv., 4(15), 621-632.@Yes$Stanisci A., Pelino G. and Blasi C. (2005).@Vascular plant diversity and climate change in the alpine belt of the central Apennines (Italy).@Biodivers. Conserv., 14(6), 1301-1318.@Yes$Elourard C., Pascal J.P., Pelissier R., Ramesh B.R., Houllier F., Durand M., Aravajy S., Moravie M.A. and Gimaret–Carpentier C. (1997).@Monitoring the structure and dynamics of a dense moist evergreen forest in the Western Ghats (Kodagu District, Karnataka, India).@Trop. Ecol., 38(2), 193-214.@Yes$Naidu M.T. and Kumar O.A. (2016).@Tree diversity, stand structure, and community composition of tropical forests in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India.@J. Asia Pac. Biodivers., 9(3), 328-334.@Yes$Corlett R.T. (2016).@Plant diversity in a changing world: status, trends, and conservation needs.@Plant Divers., 38(1), 10-16.@Yes$Kamboj V.P. (2000).@Herbal medicine.@Curr. Sci., 78(1), 35-39.@Yes$Tiwari P., Soni I. and Patel S. (2014).@Study of vegetation in Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University campus, Raipur Chhattisgarh with special reference to Statistics Department.@Ind. J. Sci. Res., 4(1), 121-126.@Yes$Carrasco L.R., Nghiem T.P.L., Sunderland T. and Koh L.P. (2014).@Economic evaluation of ecosystem services fails to capture biodiversity value of tropical forests.@Biol. Conserv., 178, 163-170.@Yes$Mandal G. and Joshi S.P. (2014).@Analysis of vegetation dynamics and phytodiversity from three dry deciduous forests of Doon Valley, Western Himalaya, India.@J. Asia Pac. Biodivers., 7(3), 292-304.@Yes$Mishra R. (1968).@Ecology, work book.@Oxford and IBH Publishing company, Calcutta.@Yes$Cintron G. and Novelli Y.S. (1984).@Methods for studying mangrove structure.@Mangrove ecosystem: research methods, 91-113.@Yes$Shukla A.K. and Singh A. (2012).@Diversity of Forest Tree in the Forest of Sarguja District, Chhattisgarh, India.@Int. J. Sci. Res., 3(12), 1153-1157.@Yes$Dar J.A. and Sundarapandian S. (2016).@Patterns of plant diversity in seven temperate forest types of Western Himalaya, India.@J. Asia Pac. Biodivers., 9(3), 280-292.@Yes$Bijalwan A. (2010).@Structure, composition and diversity of degraded dry tropical forest in Balamdi watershed of Chhattisgarh plain, India.@J. Biodivers., 1(2), 119-124.@Yes$Chaubey O.P., Sharma A. and Krishnamurthy G. (2015).@Plant Diversity, Edaphic Status and Population Structure in Different Forest Types of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh States in India.@Int. J. Bio-Sci. Bio-Technol., 7(2), 115-124.@Yes$Howe H.F. (2014).@Diversity storage: implications for tropical conservation and restoration.@Global Ecol. Conserv., 2, 349-358.@Yes$Prasad R. and Pandey R.K. (1992).@An observation on plant diversity of Sal and Teak forest in relation to intensity of biotic impact of various distances from habitation in Madhya Pradesh: A case study.@J. Trop. Fores., 8(1), 62-83.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Human papillomavirus and its oncogenic role in cervical cancers in sexually active women<#LINE#>Varsha @Saxena,Vidya @Pai <#LINE#>40-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-021.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India@Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>21/2/2017<#LINE#>2/4/2017<#LINE#>Human Papillomavirsus (HPV) are ubiquitous in nature. At present, approximately 120 distinct genotypes have been identified in humans. HPV infections cause a variety of benign proliferations: warts (genital and cutaneous), cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, anogenital papillomas, oro-pharyngeal papillomas, and other types of hyperkeratoses. Cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Infection with high-risk HPV is established as the cause of cervical carcinoma; therefore, high risk HPV detection may have prognostic significance for the women who are at increased risk of disease progression. The lack of data on the incidence of cervical cancer and the prevalent strains in India makes it difficult to determine disease burden. Identification and accurate genotyping of the virus in cervical specimens is important to inform intervention policies for future management of HPV associated disease. This study also focuses on the various risk factors associated with persistence of HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Describing the frequency and nature of HPV persistence, by HPV type, is important to understand its clinical signi&#64257;cance and impact on clinical practice and management in the absence or presence of apparent cervical pre-cancer and cancer.<#LINE#>Gomez D.T. and Santos J.L. (2007).@Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology.@Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology, A. Méndez-Vilas (Ed.), 680-688.@Yes$Burd E.M. (2003).@Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer.@Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 16(1), 1-17.@Yes$Hausen H.Z. (1996).@Papillomavirus infections - a major cause of human cancers.@Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1288(2), 55-78.@Yes$Moore P.S. and Chang Y. (2010).@Why do viruses cause cancer? Highlights of the first century of human tumour virology.@Nature Reviews/ Cancer, 10(12), 878-889.@Yes$Jia H., Wang X., Long Z. and Li L. (2015).@Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in female sex workers in Northeast China: an observational study.@BMC Public Health, 15, 695,@Yes$Joseph D.A., Miller J.W., Wu X., Chen V.W., Morris C.R., Goodman M.T., Villalon&#8208;Gomez J.M., Williams M.A. and Cress R.D. (2008).@Understanding the Burden of Human Papillomavirus associated Anal Cancers in the US.@Cancer, 113(10), 2892-2900.@Yes$Schmeink C.E., Melchers W.J.G., Siebers A.G., Quint W.G.V., Massuger Leon F.A.G. and Bekkers R.L.M. (2011).@Human Papillomavirus Persistence in Young Unscreened Women, a Prospective Cohort Study.@PLoS ONE., 6(11), e27937.@Yes$Bell M.C., Grimminger D., Jacobsen C., Chauhan S.C., Maher D.M. and Buchwald D.S. (2011).@Risk Factors for HPV Infection among American Indian and White Women in the Northern Plains.@Gynecology Oncology, 121(3), 532-536.@Yes$Rositch A.F., Koshiol J., Hudgens M., Razzaghi H., Backes D.M., Pimenta J.M., Franco E.L., Poole C. and Smith J.S. (2013).@Patterns of Persistent Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women Worldwide: A Literature Review and Meta-analysis.@International Journal of Cancer, 133(6), 1271-1285.@Yes$Rositch A.F., Soetersc H.M., Offutt-Powellc T.N., Wheelerc B.S., Taylor Sylvia M. and Smith J.S. (2014).@The incidence of Human papillomavirus infection following treatment for cervical neoplasia: A systematic review.@Gynecology Oncology, 132(3), 767-779.@Yes$Chase D.M., Osann K., Sepina N., Wenzel L. and Tewari K.S. (2012).@The Challenge of Follow-Up in a Low-Income Colposcopy Clinic: Characteristics Associated With Noncompliance in High-Risk Populations.@Journal Lower Genital Tract Disease, 16(4), 345-351.@Yes$Jahdi F., Khademi K., Khoei E.M., Haghani H. and Yarandi F. (2013).@Reproductive Factors Associated to Human Papillomavirus Infection in Iranian Woman.@Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 7(3), 145-149.@Yes$Park Hyun, Lee Won Si, Lee In Ho, Ryu Hyun Mee, Cho A Reum, Kang Young Soon, Hong Sung Ran, Kim Sung Soon, Seong Seok Ju, Shin Son Moon and Kim Tae Jin (2012).@Rate of vertical transmission of human papillomavirus from mothers to infants: Relationship between infection rate and mode of delivery.@Virology Journal., 9, 80.@Yes$Faridi R., Zahra A., Khan K. and Idrees M. (2011).@Oncogenic potential of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its relation with cervical cancer.@Virology Journal, 8(1), 269.@Yes$Parkin D.M., Bray F., Ferlay J. and Pisani P. (2005).@Global cancer statistics.@CA Cancer J Clin., 55(2), 74-108.@Yes$Nahar Q., Sultana F., Alam A., Islam J.Y., Rahman M., Khatun Fatema, Alam Nazmul, Dasgupta Sushil Kanta, Marions Lena, Kamal Mohammed, Cravioto Alejandro and Reichenbach Laura (2014).@Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in Bangladesh: Findings from a Population-Based Survey@. PLoS ONE., 9(10), e107675.@Yes$Park S.J., Seo J., Ha S.H. and Jung G.W. (2014).@Prevalence and Determinants of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Male Genital Warts.@Korean J Urology, 55(3), 207-212.@Yes$Franceschi S., Rajkumar T., Vaccarella S., Gajalakshmi V., Sharmila A., Snijders P., MUnoz N., Meijer C. and Herrero R. (2003).@Human papillomavirus and risk factors for cervical cancer in Chennai, India: a case-control study.@International Journal of Cancer, 107(1), 127-33.@Yes$Sowjanya A.P., Jain M., Rani U., Padma S., Das M., Shah K.V., Rao B.N., Devi R.R., Gravitt P. and Ramakrishna G. (2005).@Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India.@BMC Infectious Disease, 5(1), 116.@Yes$Bhatla N., Dar L., Patro R.K.A., Kriplani A., Gulati A., Verma K., Broor S., Shah K. and Gravitt P.E. (2006).@Human papillomavirus type distribution in cervical cancer in Delhi, India.@Int J Gynecol Pathol., 25(4), 398-402.@Yes$Peedicayil A., Abraham P., Sathish N., John S., Shah K., Sridharan G. and Gravitt P. (2006).@Human papillomavirus genotypes associated with cervical neoplasia in India.@Int J Gynecol Cancer, 16(4), 1591-1595.@Yes$Gopalkrishna V., Hedau S., Kailash U. and Das B.C. (2000).@Human Papillomavirus type 16 in cancer of the uterine cervix in different geographical regions of India (PS011).@18th International Papillomavirus Conference, Barcelona, 138.@Yes$Schiffman M. and Castle P.E. (2005).@The promise of global cervical cancer prevention.@N England J Med., 353(20), 2101-2104.@Yes$Das B.C., Hussain S., Nasare V. and Bharadwaj M. (2008).@Prospects and prejudices of human papillomavirus vaccines in India.@Vaccine, 26(22), 2669-2679.@Yes$Srivastava S., Shahi U.P., Dibya A., Gupta S. and Roy J.K. (2014).@Distribution of HPV Genotypes and Involvement of Risk Factors in Cervical Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer: A Study in an Indian Population.@IJMCM, Spring, 3(2), 61-73.@Yes$Soto-De Leon S.C., Rio-Ospina L.D., Camargo M., Sanchez R., Moreno-Perez D.A., Pérez-Prados A., Patarroyo M.E. and Patarroyo M.A. (2014).@Persistence, clearance and reinfection regarding six high risk human papillomavirus types in Colombian women: a follow-up study.@BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(1), 395.@Yes$Shepherd J.P., Frampton G.K. and Harris P. (2011).@Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer.@Cochrane Database System Review, 4, CD001035.@Yes$Chan P.K.S., Picconi M.A., Cheung T.H., Giovannelli L. and Park J.S. (2012).@Laboratory and clinical aspects of human papillomavirus testing.@Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 49(4), 117-136.@Yes$Feltkamp M.C., de Koning M.N., Bavinck J.N. and Ter Schegget J. (2008).@Beta papillomaviruses: innocent by standers or causes of skin cancer.@J Clin Virology, 43(4), 353-360.@Yes$Asgari M.M., Kiviat N.B., Critchlow C.W., Stern J.E., Argenyi Z.B., Raugi Gregory J., Berg Daniel, Odland Peter B., Hawes Stephen E. and de Villiers Ethel-Michele (2008).@Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among immunocompetent individuals.@J Invest Dermatol., 128(6), 1409-1417.@Yes$Gillison M.L., Koch W.M., Capone R.B., Spafford M., Westra W.H., Wu Li, Zahurak Marianna L., Daniel Richard W., Viglione Michael, Symer David E., Shah Keerti V. and Sidransky David (2000).@Evidence for a Causal Association between Human Papillomavirus and a Subset of Head and Neck Cancers.@Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(9), 709-720.@Yes$Betiol J., Villa L.L. and Sichero L. (2013).@Impact of HPV infection on the development of head and neck cancer.@Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 46(3), 217-226.@Yes$Bernard E., Salort M.P., Favre M., Heard I., Astagneau E.D., Guillemot Didier and Thiébaut Anne C.M. (2013).@Comparing human papillomavirus prevalences in women with normal cytology or invasive cervical cancer to rank genotypes according to their oncogenic potential: a meta-analysis of observational studies.@BMC Infectious Diseases, 13(1), 373.@Yes$Munoz N., Bosch F.X., de Sanjose S., Herrero R., Castellsague X. Muñoz, Shah Keerti V., Snijders Peter J.F. and Meijer Chris J.L.M. (2003).@Epidemiologic Classification of Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Cervical Cancer.@The New England Journal of Medicine., 348(6), 518-527.@Yes$Shaikh F., Sanehi P. and Rawal R. (2012).@Molecular screening of compounds to the predicted Protein-Protein Interaction site of Rb1-E7 with p53- E6 in HPV.@Bioinformation., 8(13), 607-612.@Yes$Nair S. and Pillai M.R. (2005).@Human papillomavirus and disease mechanisms: relevance to oral and cervical cancers.@Oral Diseases, 11(6), 350-359.@Yes$Schiffman M., Wentzensen N., Wacholder S., Kinney W., Gage J.C. and Castle P.E. (2011).@Human Papillomavirus Testing in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer.@J Natl Cancer Inst., 103(5), 368-383.@Yes$Klaes R., Woerner S.M., Ridder R., Wentzensen N., Duerst M., Lotz Beatrix, Melsheimer Peter, Doeberitz Magnus von Knebel and Schneider A. (1999).@Detection of high-risk cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer by amplification of transcripts derived from integrated papillomavirus oncogenes.@Cancer Res., 59(24), 6132-6136.@Yes$Boers A., Bosgraaf R.P., van Leeuwen R.W., Schuuring E., Heideman D.A.M., Massuger L.F.A.G., Verhoef V.M.J., Bulten J., Melchers W.J.G., Zee A.G.J. Van Der, Bekkers R.L.M. and Wisman G.B.A. (2014).@DNA methylation analysis in self-sampled brush material as a triage test in hr HPV-positive women.@British Journal of Cancer, 111(6), 1095-1101.@Yes$Ortiz A.P., Romaguera J., Pérez C., Otero Y., Salgado M.S., Méndez Keimari, Valle Yari, Costa Maria Da, Suarez Erick, Palefsky Joel and Tortolero-Luna Guillermo (2013).@Human papillomavirus infection in women in Puerto Rico: Agreement between physicians-versus self-collected anogenital specimens.@J Low Genit Tract Dis., 17(2), 210.@Yes$Gage J.C., Partridge E.E., Rausa A., Gravitt P.E., Wacholder S., Schiffman Mark, Scarinci Isabel and Castle Philip E. (2011).@Comparative Performance of Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing Using Novel Sample Collection Methods.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49 (12), 4185-4189.@Yes$Roberts C.C., Swoyer R., Bryan J.T. and Taddeo F.J. (2011).@Comparison of Real-Time Multiplex Human Papillomavirus (HPV) PCR Assays with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping PCR Assay and In&#64258;uence of DNA Extraction Method on HPV Detection.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49(5), 1899-1906.@Yes$Schweizer J., Lu P.S., Mahoney C.W., Bergery M.B., Ho M., Ramasamy Valli, Silver Jon E., Bisht Arnima, Labiad Yassine, Peck Roger B., Lim Jeanette, Jeronimo Jose, Howard Roslyn, Gravitt Patti E. and Castle Philip E. (2010). Feasibility Study of a Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncoprotein Test for Diagnosis of Cervical Precancer and Cancer. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48(12), 4646- 4648.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Garolla A., Pizzol D., Vasoin F., Barzon L., Bertoldo A. and Foresta C. (2014).@Counseling Reduces HPV Persistence in Coinfected Couples.@J Sex Med., 11(1), 127-135.@Yes$Delere Y., Remschmidt C., Leuschner J., Schuster M., Fesenfeld M., Schneider Achim, Wichmann Ole and Kaufmann Andreas M. (2014).@Human Papillomavirus prevalence and probable first effects of vaccination in 20 to 25 year-old women in Germany: a population-based cross- sectional study via home-based self-sampling.@BMC Infectious Diseases, 14, 87.@Yes$Bosch F.X., Broker T.R., Forman D., Moscicki A.B. and Gillison M.L., John Doorbar, Peter L Stern, Margaret Stanley, Marc Arbyn, Mario Poljak, Jack Cuzick, Philip E Castle, John T Schiller, Lauri E Markowitz, William A Fisher, Karen Canfell, Lynette A Denny, Eduardo L Franco, Marc Steben, Mark A Kane, Mark Schiffman, Chris JLM Meijer, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Xavier Castellsagué, Jane J Kim, Maria Brotons, Laia Alemany, Ginesa Albero, Mireia Diaz and Silvia de Sanjosé (2013).@Comprehensive Control of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Related Diseases.@Vaccine., 31(8), 1-31.@Yes$Das B.C., Hussain S., Nasare V. and Bharadwaj M. (2008).@Prospects and prejudices of human papillomavirus vaccines in India.@Vaccine, 26(22), 2669-2679.@Yes$Hariri S., Dunne E., Saraiya M., Unger E. and Markowitz L. (2011).@Human papillomavirus.@VPD Surveillance Manual, 5th Edition, 5, 1-11.@Yes$Wilson L.E., Pawlita M., Castle P.E., Waterboer T. and Sahasrabuddhe V., Gravitt Patti E., Schiffman Mark and Wentzensen Nicolas (2013).@Natural immune responses against eight oncogenic human papillomaviruses in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study.@Int. J. Cancer., 133(9), 2172- 2181.@Yes$Tiggelaar S.M., Lin M.J., Viscidi R.P., Ji J. and Smith J.S. (2012).@Age-Specific Human Papillomavirus Antibody and DNA Prevalence: A Global Review.@J Adolescence Health, 50(2), 110-131.@Yes
<#LINE#>Nosocomial Klebsiella infection and its virulence factor associated with drug resistance<#LINE#>Jitendra Chandra @Devrari,Vidya @Pai <#LINE#>48-54<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2017-028.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India@Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>21/2/2017<#LINE#>4/4/2017<#LINE#>Klebsiella species are gram negative bacilli; non-motile bacteria belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. They are opportunistic pathogens responsible for diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis and soft tissue infections. Chromosomal mutation in the DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV leads to the plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in Klebsiella spp. The Klebsiella spp. primarily isolated from different clinical samples by the conventional methods. Isolates are further identified by standard biochemical methods and susceptibility testing of PMQR along with MIC is determined by the CLSI guidelines. Phenotypically type 1 and 3 fimbriae can be determined by the hemagglutination assays. Genotypic methods have been proved to be a great tool for detection of virulence and drug resistance genes associated with the Klebsiella infection. This studyalso focus on the virulence factors and most common drug resistant mechanism for quinolone group of antibiotics used in treatment of Klebsiella infection.<#LINE#>Montgomerie J.Z. (1979).@Epidemiology of Klebsiella and hospital-associated infections.@Rev Infect disease., 1(5), 736-53.@Yes$Jarvis W.R., Munn V.P., Highsmith A.K., Culver D.H. and Hughes J.M. (1985).@The epidemiology of nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.@Infection Control, 6(2), 68-74.@Yes$Podschun R. and Ullmann U. (1998).@Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods and Pathogenicity factors.@Clinical Microbiology Review, 11(4), 589-603.@Yes$Schwaber M.J. and Carmeli Y. (2007).@Mortality and delay in effective therapy associated with extended-spectrum beta lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.@Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60(5), 913-20.@Yes$Giske C.G., Monnet D.L., Cars O. and Carmeli Y. (2008).@Re Act- Action on Antibiotic R. Clinical and economic impact of common multidrug-resistant gram negative bacilli.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(3), 813-821.@Yes$Chuang Y.P., Fang C.T., Lai S.Y., Chang S.C. and Wang J.T. (2006).@Genetic determinants of capsular serotype K1 of K. pneumoniae causing primary pyogenic liver abscess.@Journal of Infectious Disease, 193(5), 645-654.@Yes$Balestrino D., Ghigo M., Charbonnel N., Haagensen J.A. and Forestier C. (2008).@The characterization of functions involved in the establishment and maturation of K. pneimoniae in vitro biofilm reveals dual roles for surface exopolysaccharides.@Environmental Microbiology. 10(3), 685-701.@Yes$Podschun R. and Ullmann U. (1998).@Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy,Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors.@Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 11(4), 589-603.@Yes$Olaya R., Christophe B., Latour-Lambert P. and Ghigo J.M. (2014).@A new biofilm-associated colicin with increased efficiency against biofilm bacteria.@International Society for Microbial Ecology, 8(6), 1275-1288.@Yes$Gerlach G.F., Clegg S. and Allen B.L. (1989).@Identification and characterization of the genes encoding the type 3 and type 1 fimbrial adhesins of Klebsiella pneumoniae.@J. Bacteriol., 171(3), 1262-1270.@Yes$Ottow J.C. (1975).@Ecology, physiology, and genetics of fimbriae and pili.@Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 29(1), 79-108.@Yes$Stahlhut S.G., Chattopadhyay S., Struve C., Weissman S.J.,  Aprikian P. and  Libby S.J. and Fang Ferric C., Krogfelt Karen Angeliki, Sokurenko Evgeni V. (2009).@Population Variability of the FimH Type 1 Fimbrial Adhesin in Klebsiella pneumonia.@Journal of Bacteriology, 191(6), 1941-1950.@Yes$Mulvey M.A., Lopez-Boado Y.S., Wilson C.L., Roth R., Parks W.C., Heuser J. and Hultgren S.J. (1998).@Induction and evasion of host defenses by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli.@Science, 282(5393), 1494-1497.@Yes$Reisner Andreas, Maierl Mario, Jörger Michael, Krause Robert, Berger Daniela, Haid Andrea, Tesic Dijana and Zechner Ellen L. (2014).@Type 1 Fimbriae Contribute to Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli.@Journal of Bacteriology, 196(5), 931-939.@Yes$Stahlhut Steen G., Chattopadhyay Sujay, Struve Carsten, Weissman Scott J., Aprikian Pavel, Libby Stephen J., Fang Ferric C., Krogfelt Karen Angeliki, Sokurenko Evgeni V.(2009).@Population Variability of the FimH Type 1 Fimbrial Adhesin in Klebsiella pneumoniae.@Journal of Bacteriology, 191(6), 1941-1950 .@Yes$Kil soo ki, Rabhi O. Darouiche, Richard A. Hull and Mohammad D. (1997).@Mansouri and Daniel M. Musher. Identification of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Associated with Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection.@Journal of clinical microbiology, 35(9), 2370-2374.@Yes$Cubero M., Grau I., Tubau F., Pallares R., Dominguez M.A. and Linares J. and Ardanuy C. (2015).@Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clones causing bacteraemia in adultsin a teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain.@Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22(2), 154-160.@Yes$Jawetz Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology (2010).@Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.@International 25th Edition, 339-372, ISBN: 978-0-07-162496-1.@No$Raei Fereshteh, Eftekhar Fereshteh and Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi (2014).@Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance Among Extended-Spectrum &#946;-Lactamase Producing Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae.@Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 7(6), 1-5.@Yes$Winn W.C. (2006).@Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic Microbiology.@6th ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. International 5th Edition. ISBN:0-397-51529-4.@Yes$Abdel H.H., Hawas S., Ei-Daker M. and Ei-Kad R. (2008).@Extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal intensive care unit.@Journal of Perinatology, 28, 685-690.@Yes$Tribuddharat Chanwit, Srifuengfung Somporn and Chiangjong Wararat (2007).@A Correlation between Phenotypes and Genotypes of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a University Hospital, Thailand.@Journal Infectious Disease Antimicrobial Agents, 24, 117-123.@Yes$Yang Jiyong, Luo Yanping, Cui Shenghui, Wang Weiwei and Han Li (2011).@Diverse Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization among Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Isolates Carrying Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants.@Microbial Drug Resistance, 17(3), 363-367.@Yes$Shah R.K., Singh Y.I., Sanjana R.K., Chaudhary Navin and Saldanha Dominic (2010).@Extended spectrum &#946;-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella species in various clinical specimens: A preliminary report.@Journal of College of Medical Sciences Nepal, 6(3), 18-23.@Yes$Singhal S., Mathur T., Khan S., Upadhyay D.J., Chugh S., Gaind R. and Rattan A. (2005).@Evaluation of methods for AmpC &#946;-lactamase in Gram negative clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals.@Indian Journal Medical Microbiology, 23(2), 120-124.@Yes$Khurana S., Taneja Neelam, Sharma Meera (2002).@Extended spectrum &#946;-lactamase mediated resistance in urinary isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae.@Indian Journal of Medical Research, 116, 145-149.@Yes$Seo M.R., Soo Park Yoon and Pai Hyunjoo (2010).@Characteristics of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Korea.@Chemotherapy, 56(1), 46-53.@Yes$Ho&#351;gör-Limoncu Mine, Eraç Bayr&#305;, Yurtman Ay&#351;e Nur and Aydemir &#350;öhret (2012).@Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms in ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Turkey.@Journal of Chemotherapy, 24(3), 144-149.@Yes$Yang Hong, Chen Hongbin, Yang Qiwen, Chen Minjun and Wang Hui (2008).@High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes qnr and aac(6)-Ib-cr in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Nine Teaching Hospitals in China.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(12), 4268–4273.@Yes$Goudarzi Mehdi, Azad Mehdi and Seyedjavadi Sima Sadat (2015).@Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants and OqxAB Efflux Pumps among Extended-Spectrum &#120573;-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection in Tehran, Iran.@Scientifica, 1-7.@Yes$Kim Hong Bin, Park Chi Hye, Kim Chung Jong, Kim Eui-Chong, Jacoby George A. and Hooper David C. (2009).@Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants over a 9-Year Period.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53(2), 639-645.@Yes$Plasmid mediated drug resistance/ images.@undefined@undefined@No$Silva-Sanchez Jesus, Barrios Humberto, Reyna-Flores Fernando, Bello-Diaz Margarita, Sanchez-Perez Alejandro, Rojas Teresa, Consortium Bacterial Resistance, Garza-Ramos Ulises. (2011).@Prevalence and Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in Mexico.@Microbial drug resistance, 17(4), 497-505.@Yes$Rodriguez-Martinez Jose-Manuel, Poirel Laurent, Pascual Alvaro and Nordmann Patrice (2006).@Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Australia.@Microbial Drug Resistance, 12(2), 99-102.@Yes$Lin Chi-Jan, Siu Kristopher L., Ma Ling, Chang Ya-Ting, Lu Po-Liang (2012).@Molecular Epidemiology of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan.@Microbial drug resistance, 18(1), 52-58.@Yes$Tamang Migma Dorji, Seol Sung Yong, Oh Jae-Young, Kang Hee Young, Lee Je Chul, Lee Yoo Chul, Cho Dong Taek and Kim Jungmin (2008).@Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a Korean Hospital.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(11), 4159-4162.@Yes$Yamane Kunikazu, Wachino Jun-ichi, Suzuki Satowa and Arakawa Yoshichika (2008).@Plasmid-Mediated qepA Gene among Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Japan.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(4), 1564-1566.@Yes$Périchon Bruno, Courvalin Patrice and Galimand Marc (2007).@Transferable Resistance to Aminoglycosides by Methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA and to Hydrophilic Fluoroquinolones by QepA-Mediated Efflux in Escherichia coli.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51(7), 2464-2469.@Yes$Zhou Tieli, Zhang Yapei, Li Meimei, Yu Xiao, Sun Yao and Xu Jiru (2015).@An outbreak of infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains during a short period of time in a Chinese teaching hospital: epidemiology study and molecular characteristics.@Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 82(3), 240-244.@Yes$Cavaco M.L. and Aarestrup F.M. (2009).@Evaluation of Quinolones for Use in Detection of Determinants ofAcquired Quinolone Resistance, Including the New Transmissible Resistance Mechanisms qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6_)Ib-cr, in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric and Determinations of Wild-Type Distributions.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(9), 2751-2758.@Yes$Ruiz Elena, Sáenz Yolanda, Zarazaga Myriam, Rocha-Gracia Rosa, Martínez-Martínez Luis, Arlet Guillaume and Torres Carmen (2012).@qnr, aac(6&#8242;)-Ib-cr and qepA genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.: genetic environments and plasmid and chromosomal location.@Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67(4), 886-897.@Yes$Guillard T., Cambau E., Chau F., Massias L., Champs de C. and Fantin B. (2013).@Ciprofloxacin Treatment Failure in a Murine Model of Pyelonephritis Due to an AAC(6’)-Ib-cr-Producing Escherichia coli Strain Susceptible to Ciprofloxacin In Vitro.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 57(12), 5830-5835.@Yes$Chmelnitsky I., Hermesh O., Venezia S.N., Strahilevitz J. and Carmeli Y. (2009).@Detection of aac(6’)-Ib-cr in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Tel Aviv, Israel.@Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64(4), 718-722.@Yes$Kang Hee Young, Tamang Migma Dorji, Seol Sung Yong and Kim Jungmin (2009).@Dissemination of Plasmid-mediated qnr, aac(6@Journal of Bacteriology and Virology, 39(3), 173-182.@Yes$Kim Eun Sil, Jeong Jin-Yong, Jun Jae-Bum, Choi Sang-Ho, Lee Sang-Oh, Kim Mi-Na, Woo Jun Hee and Kim Yang Soo (2009).@Prevalence of aac(6)-Ib-cr Encoding a Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme among Entero-bacteriaceae Blood Isolates in Korea.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 53(6), 2643-2645.@Yes$Cattoir Vincent, Poirel Laurent and Nordmann Patrice (2008).@Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli Isolate from France.@Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(10), 3801-3804.@Yes$Li Bin, Yi Yong, Wang Qi, Woo Patrick C.Y., Tan Lin, Jing Hua, Gao George F. and Liu Cui Hua (2012).@Analysis of Drug Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Beijing, China.@Plos one., 7(7), 1-12.@Yes$Magesh H., Kamatchi C., Vaidyanathan R. and Sumathi G. (2011).@Identification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrA1, qnrB1 and aac(6@Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 29(3), 262-268.@Yes$Tripathi A., Dutta S.K., Majumdar M., Dhara L., Banerjee D. and Roy K. (2012).@High Prevalence and Significant Association of ESBL and QNR Genes in Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates of Patients from Kolkata, India.@Indian Journal of  Microbiology, 52(4), 557-564.@Yes$Brisse S., Milatovic D., Fluit A.C.,  Verhoef J. and Schmitz F.J. (2000).@Epidemiology of Quinolone Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca in Europe.@Eur Journal of Clinical Microbiology Infectious Disease,  19(1), 64-68.@Yes$Donnarumma F., Indorato C., Mastromei G., Goti E., Nicoletti P., Fanci R., Bosi A., Casalone E. and Pecile P. (2012).@Molecular analysis of population structure and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella isolates from a three-year surveillance program in Florence hospitals, Italy.@Eur Journal of Clinical Microbiology Infectious Disease, 31(3), 371-378.@Yes$CLSI AST: Performance standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twentieth Informational Supplement. CLSI document. M100-S26. Pennsylvania; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2016.@undefined@undefined@No$Aathithan S. and French L.G. (2011).@Prevalence and role of efflux pump activity in ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.@Eur. Journal of Clinical Microbiology Infectious Disease, 30(6), 745-752.@Yes$Cavaco M.L. and Aarestrup M.F. (2009).@Evaluation of Quinolones for Use in Detection of Determinants of Acquired Quinolone Resistance, Including the New Transmissible Resistance Mechanisms qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6_)Ib-cr, in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica and Determinations of Wild-Type Distributions.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(9), 2751-2758.@Yes$Rosen D.A., Pinkner J.S., Walker J.N., Elam J.S., Jones J.M. and Hultgren S.J. (2008).@Molecular Variations in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli FimH Affect Function and Pathogenesis in the Urinary Tract.@Infection and Immunity, 76(7), 3346-3356.@Yes$Lotfi Ghellai, Hafida Hassaine, Nihel Klouche, Abdelmonaim Khadir, Nadia Aissaoui, Fatima Nas and Walter Zingg (2014).@Detection of biofilm formation of a collection of fifty strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Algeria at the University Hospital of Tlemcen.@Journal of Bacteriology Research, 6(1), 1-6.@Yes$Guillard Thomas, Moret Hélène, Brasme Lucien, Carlier Antoine, Vernet-Garnier Véronique, Cambau Emmanuelle and Champs Christophe de (2011).@Rapid detection of qnr and qepA plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes using real-time PCR.@Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 70(2), 253-259.@Yes