@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Growth habit of Tea pathogens (Cephaleuros spp. and Fusarium solani) and evaluation of relative susceptibility of selected Tea cultivars<#LINE#>Sarmah @S.R.,Dutta @P.,Bhattacharyya @P.N.,Payeng @B.,Tanti @A.J. <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-056.pdf<#LINE#>Mycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute (TTRI), Tea Research Association (TRA), Jorhat 785008, Assam, India@Mycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute (TTRI), Tea Research Association (TRA), Jorhat 785008, Assam, India@Mycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute (TTRI), Tea Research Association (TRA), Jorhat 785008, Assam, India@Mycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute (TTRI), Tea Research Association (TRA), Jorhat 785008, Assam, India@Mycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute (TTRI), Tea Research Association (TRA), Jorhat 785008, Assam, India<#LINE#>3/5/2016<#LINE#>9/6/2016<#LINE#>Tea diseases are considered as important biotic constraint, leads to significant tea crop losses. Incidence and disease severity of red rust (causal agents: Cephaleuros parasiticus and C. mycoidea) and Fusarium die-back (causal agent: Fusarium solani) in different tea growing areas of Assam was investigated in the present investigation. The results revealed that some of the tea cultivars are relatively susceptible to tea pathogens (Cephaleuros spp., and F. solani). Data within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). Tea cultivars and the phenomenon of susceptibility to selected tea pathogens have important consequences for disease epidemiology and the effectiveness of management protocols.<#LINE#>Barua (2008).@Romancing the Camellia assamica Assam and the story of tea.@Assam rev. Tea news, 18-27.@No$Gurusubramanian G., Rahman A., Sarmah M., Ray S. and Bora S. (2008).@Pesticide usage pattern in tea ecosystem, their retrospects and alternative measures.@J. Environ. Biol., 29, 813-826.@Yes$Cranham J.E. (1966).@Tea pests and their control.@Ann. Rev. Entomol., 11, 491–514.@Yes$Daniels R.J.R. (2003).@Impact of tea cultivation on anurans in the Western Ghats.@Curr. Sci., 85, 1415-1422.@Yes$Bhagat R.M., Deb Baruah R. and Safique S. (2010).@Climate and tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. Kuntze] production with special reference to north eastern India: a review.@J. Environmental Res Dev., 4, 1017- 1028.@Yes$Anita S., Ponmurugan P. and Ganesh Babu R. (2012).@Significance of secondary metabolites and enzymes secreted by Trichoderma atroviride isolates for the biological control of Phomopsis canker disease.@Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11, 10350-10357.@Yes$Watt A. and Mann H.H. (1903).@The pests and blights of tea plant. Govt. printing press, Calcutta, India.@429.@No$Barthakur B.K. (2011).@Recent approach of Tocklai to plant protection in tea in North-east India.@Sci. Cult., 77, 381-384.@Yes$Debnath S. and Barthakur B.K. (1994).@Mortality of tea cuttings infected by Fusarium oxysporum schlecht.@Two Bud,  41, 44-46.@No$Barthakur B.K., Dutta P., Sarmah S.R. and Singh K. (2001).@Fusarium infestation in tea.@Two bud, 48, 42.@No$Sarmah S.R., Boruah P.K. and Das S.C. (2012).@Pathogenicity study of Fusarium solani, isolated from Fusarium die back of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] on its host plant.@Two Bud, 59, 91-94.@No$Cunningham (1980).@Bark blight caused by Cephaleuros virescens, Kuntze in scientific memories by medical officers of “The Army in India”.@10, 1897, 111.@No$Dutta P., Sarmah S.R., Begum R. and Barthakur B.K. (2008).@Red rust: an emerging concern.@Two Bud, 55, 25-27.@No$Satyanarayana G. (1965).@Red rust of tea.@Two Bud, 12, 72-74.@No$Banerjee S.N. (1955).@A disease of Norway spruce (Picea excels (lam.) link) associated with Stereum sanguinolentum (A. et. S) Sr. and Pleuroltus mifts (Press).@Ber. Ind. J. Mycol. Res., 1-30.@Yes$Godman R.N. and Lindenfleser L.A. (1967).@Severity of bacterial plant pathogen to streptomycin, Source book of laboratory exercise in Plant Pathology.@Annual Phytopathological Society USA.@No$Gilman J.C. (1957).@A manual of soil fungi.@Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa. 450.@Yes$Subramanian C.V. (1971).@Hypomycetes an account of Indian species except Cercospora.@ICAR Publication, New Delhi.@Yes$Watanabe T. (1993).@Photomicrographs and illustrations of soil fungi.@Soft Science Publications, Tokyo, Japan, 1993.@Yes$Sarmah S.R., Boruah P.K., Das S.C. and Barthakur B.K. (2006).@Isolation, purification of Fusarium species from the die back regions of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] and its growth in different nutritional media.@Two Bud, 53, 13-16.@No$Fritsch F.E. (1965).@Some aspects of the ecology of freshwater algae: (With Special Reference to Static Waters).@J. Ecol., 19, 233-272.@Yes$Sahni S., Maurya S., Singh U.P., Singh A.K., Singh V.P. and Pandey V.B. (2005).@Antifungal activity of nor-securinine against some phytopathogenic fungi.@Mycobiology, 33, 97-103.@Yes$Sharma P. and Singh A.P. (2002).@Multiple disease resistance in roses against foliar and flower pathogens.@Ind. J. Phytopathol., 55, 169-172.@Yes$Biggs A.R., Sundin G.W., Rosenberger D.A., Yoder K.S. and Sutton T.B. (2010).@Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis.@Plant Health Progress, 11.@Yes$Rashed A., Kwan J., Baraff B., Ling D., Daugherty M.P., Killiny N. and Almeida R.P. (2013).@Relative susceptibility of Vitis vinifera cultivars to vector-borne Xylella fastidiosa through time.@PLoS ONE 8, e55326.@Yes$Tsai S.H., Selvam A. and Yang S.S. (2007).@Microbial diversity of topographical gradient profiles in Fushan forest soils of Taiwan.@Ecol. Res., 22, 814–824.@Yes$Peres N.A., Timmer L.W., Adaskaveg J.E. and Correll J.C. (2005).@Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum.@Plant Dis., 89, 784-796.@Yes$Bhattacharyya P.N. (2012).@Diversity of microorganisms in the surface and subsurface soil of the Jia Bharali river catchment area of Brahmaputra plains.@PhD Thesis, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.@Yes$Bhattacharyya P.N. and Jha D.K. (2011).@Seasonal and depth-wise variation in microfungal population numbers in Nameri forest soil, Assam, Northeast India.@Mycosphere,  2, 297–305.@Yes$Tripathi L. and Tripathi J.N. (2009).@Relative susceptibility of banana cultivars to Xanthomonas campestris pv. Musacearum.@Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8, 5343-5350.@Yes$Biggs A.R. and Miller S.S. (2001).@Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to Colletotrichum acutatum.@Plant Dis., 85, 657-660.@Yes
<#LINE#>Phenological Behaviour of Tree Species in Subtropical Broad Leaved Humid Forests of Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, Northeast India<#LINE#>Ngakhainii @Trune Pao, Upadhaya@Krishna,Aabid Hussain @Mir <#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-059.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India@Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India@Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India<#LINE#>7/5/2016<#LINE#>6/6/2016<#LINE#>The phenological behaviour in terms of leaf fall, leaf flushing, flowering and fruit development of 30 woody species was studied at monthly intervals in subtropical broadleaved humid forests of Jaintia Hills in  Meghalaya. Peak leaf fall was observed during the dry months (January–March), whereas peak leaf flushing was recorded in April with the onset of rain. There were two peaks for flowering (April and October), while peak fruiting was observed at the end of rainy season (autumn). Majority of the species that were in fruiting during autumn- and winter-season, undergo a brief period of dormancy and germinate during the ensuing spring- and rainy- season. The patterns of reproductive processes and their linkages with vegetative events reflect the variable survival strategies adapted by these tree species under prevailing environmental conditions. The data generated in the present study would help for in-situ as well as ex-situ conservation of the studied species.<#LINE#>Kikim A. and Yadava P.S. (2001).@Phenology of tree species in subtropical forests of Manipur in Northeast India.@Trop. Ecol., 42, 269-276.@Yes$Singh K.P. and Kushwaha C.P. (2006).@Diversity of flowering and fruiting phenology of trees in a tropical deciduous forest in India.@Ann. Bot., 97, 265-276.@Yes$Rodriguez H.G., Maiti R. and Sarkar N.C. (2014).@Phenology of woody species: a review.@Int. J. Biores. Stress Manage., 5, 436-443.@Yes$Opler P.A., Frankie G.W. and Baker H.G. (1980).@Comparative phenological studies of trees and shrub species in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica.@J. Ecol., 68, 167-188.@Yes$Yadava R.K. and Yadava A.S. (2008).@Phenology of selected woody species in a tropical dry deciduous forest in Rajasthan, India.@Trop. Ecol., 49, 25-34.@Yes$Upadhyay V.P. and Mishra P.K. (2010).@Phenology of mangrove tree species on Orissa Coast, India.@Trop. Ecol., 51, 289-295.@Yes$Zhang G., Song Q. and Yang D. (2006).@Phenology of Ficus racemosa in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China 1.@Biotropica, 38, 334-341.@Yes$Bhat D.M. and Murali K.S. (2001).@Phenology of understory species of tropical moist forest of Western Ghats region of Uttara Kannada district in south India.@Curr. Sci., 81, 799-805.@Yes$Hamann A. (2004).@Flowering and fruiting phenology of a Philippine submontane rainforest: climatic factors as proximate and ultimate causes.@J. Ecol., 92, 24-31.@Yes$Sivaraj N. and Krishnamurthy K.V. (2002).@Phenology and reproductive ecology of tree taxa of Shervaroy Hills, Eastern Ghats, south India.@Proceedings of National Seminar on Conservation of Eastern Ghats, Tirupati.@Yes$Petanidou T., Ellis W.N., Margaris N.S. and Vokou D. (1995).@Constraints of flowering phenology in a phryganic (East Mediterranean shrub) community.@Am. J. Bot., 82, 607–620.@Yes$Johnson S.D. (1993).@Climatic and phylogenetic determinants of flowering seasonality in the Cape Flora.@J. Ecol., 81, 567–572.@Yes$Wheelwright N.T. (1985).@Competition for dispersers, and the timing of flowering and fruiting in a guild of tropical trees.@Oikos, 44, 465-477.@Yes$Burtt B.L. (1970).@The evolution and taxonomic significance of asubterranean ovary in certain monocotyledons.@Isr. J. Bot., 19, 77-90.@Yes$Brody A.K. (1997).@Effects of pollinators, herbivores, and seedpredators on flowering phenology.@Ecol., 78, 1624-1631.@Yes$Reich P.B. (1995).@Phenology of tropical forests: patterns, causes, and consequences.@Can. J. Bot., 73, 164-174.@Yes$Willis C.G., Ruhfel B., Primack R.B., Miller-Rushing A.J. and Davis C.C. (2008).@Phylogenetic patterns of species loss in Thoreau’s woods are driven by climate change.@Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 105, 17029–17033.@Yes$Cleland E.E., Allen J.M., Crimmins T.M., Dunne J.A., Pau S., Travers S.E., Zavaleta E.S. and Wolkovich E.M. (2012).@Phenological tracking enables positive species responses to climate change.@Ecol., 93, 1765-1771.@Yes$Khan J.A. (1999).@Periodicity of major phenophases in woody species in dry deciduous forest of Gir, India.@Trop. Ecol., 40, 299-303.@Yes$Kushwaha C.P. and Singh K.P. (2005).@Diversity of leaf phenology in a tropical deciduous forest in India.@J. Trop. Ecol., 21, 47-56.@Yes$Singh J.S. and Singh V.K. (1992).@Phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest.@Curr. Sci., 63, 684-688.@Yes$Selwyn M.A. and Parthasarathy N. (2007).@Fruiting phenology in a tropical dry evergreen forest on the Coromandel Coast of India in relation to plant life-forms, physiognomic groups, dispersal modes, and climatic constraints.@FLORA, 202, 371-382.@Yes$Krishnan R.M. (2004).@Reproductive phenology of endemic understory assemblage in a wet forest of the Western Ghats, south India.@FLORA, 199, 351-359.@Yes$Boojh R. and Ramakrishnan P.S. (1981).@Phenology of trees in a subtropical evergreen mountain forest in north-east India.@Geo. Eco. Trop., 5, 189-200.@Yes$Shukla R.P. and Ramakrishnan P.S. (1982).@Phenology of trees in a sub-tropical humid forest in North-eastern India.@Plant Ecol., 49, 103–109.@Yes$Champion H.G. and Seth S.K. (1968).@A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India, Government of India Press.@Government of India Press, Delhi.@Yes$Sundriyal R.C. (1990).@Phenology of some temperate woody species of the Garwal Himalaya.@Int. J. Ecol. Env. Sci., 6, 107-117.@Yes$Borchert R. (1994).@Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal drought.@Trees, 8, 115-125.@Yes$Borchert R. and Rivera G. (2001).@Photoperiodic control of seasonal development and dormancy in tropical stem succulent trees.@Tree Physiol., 21, 213-221.@Yes$Arjunan M.C. and Pannammal N.R. (1993).@Studies on phenology and nursery technology of certain tree species.@J. Ind. Bot. Soc., 10, 147-150.@Yes$Reich P. and Borchert R. (1982).@Phenology and ecophysiology of tropical tree, Tabebuia neochrysantha (Bignoniaceae).@Ecol., 63, 249-299.@Yes$McLaren K.P. and MacDonald M.A. (2005).@Seasonal patterns of flowering and fruiting in a dry tropical forest in Jamaica.@Biotropica, 37, 584-590.@Yes$Brearley F.Q., Proctor J., Suriantata N.L., Dalrymple G. and Voysey B.C. (2007).@Reproductive phenology over a 10-year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo.@J. Ecol., 95, 828-839.@Yes$Rodrigues F.C.M., Costa L.G.S. and Reis A. (1990).@Estratégias de estabelecimento de espéciesarbóreas e o manejo de florestas tropicais.@VI Congresso Florestal Brasileiro, Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura. Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, 676-684.@Yes$Van Schaik C.P., Terborgh J.W. and Wright S.J. (1993).@The phenology of tropical forest: adaptive significance and consequences for consumers.@Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 24, 353-377.@Yes$Wright S.J. and Van Schaik C.P. (1994).@Light and the phenologyof tropical trees.@Amer. Nat., 143, 192–199.@Yes$Gautier-Hion A. (1991).@Interactions among fruit and vertebrate fruit-eaters in an African tropical rain forest.@In: Bawa, K.S. and Hadley, M. (Eds.), Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Plants. Man and the Biosphere Series. The Parthenon, London, 219-230.@Yes$Primack R.B. (1987).@Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds.@Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18, 409-430.@Yes$Marques M.C.M., Roper J.J. and Salvalaggio A.P.B. (2004).@Phenological patterns among plant life forms in a sub-tropical forest in southeastern Brazil.@Plant Ecol., 173, 203–213.@Yes
<#LINE#>Inhibition Properties of Pleurotus Ostreatus against Clinical Pathogens by in-vitro Methods and its Phytochemical Screening<#LINE#>M.D.@Dinesh  <#LINE#>16-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-062.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology,  Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally, Wayanad, Kerala, India<#LINE#>14/5/2016<#LINE#>21/6/2016<#LINE#>Inhibition properties of aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus were tested against bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and E.coli. The purpose of the antibacterial study by agar well cut method be evidence for good inhibition properties aligned with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and E.coli. In Phytochemical tests    presence of Proteins, reducing sugars and amino acids was investigated. The beyond clarification confirmed that bactericidal compounds possess in the Pleurotus ostreatus, which inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and E.coli.<#LINE#>Wasser S.P. and Weis A.L. (1999).@Medicinal properties of substances occurring in higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms: Current perspectives (Review).@Int. J. Med. Mush., 1, 31-62.@Yes$Yang J.H., Lin H.C. and Mau J.L. (2002).@Antioxidant properties of several commercial mushrooms.@Food Chem, 77, 229–235.@Yes$Elliott C.E. (1991).@Reproduction in Fungi.@first edition.@No$Gray W.D. (1973).@The use of fungi as food and in food processing, Part II.@Journal of industrial Microbiology, 2, 3-4.@Yes$Ogundana S.K. and Fagede O.E. (1982).@Nutritive value of some Nigerian edible mushrooms.@Foods chem., 8, 263-268.@Yes$Yashvant P., Ram N. and Singh V.K. (2012).@Medicinal properties of pleurotus species (Oyster Mushroom): A review.@World Journal of Fungal and Plant Biology, 3, 1-12.@Yes$Uhegbu F.O., Elekwa I. and Ukoha C. (2005).@Comparative Efficacy of crude Aqueous Extract ofMangifera indica, carica papaya and sulphadoxine pyrimethamine on the mice infested with malariaparasite in vivo.@Global J. Pure Appl. Sci., 11, 399-401.@Yes$Kavanagh F. (1972).@Analytical Microbiology.@Academic Press, New York, 2.@Yes$Kokate C.K. (1999).@Practical Pharmacognosy.@Vallabh prakashan publication, New Delhi, 111-116.@Yes$Mace M.E. (1963).@Histochemical localization of phenols in healthy and diseased banana roots.@Physiol. Plantarum., 16(4), 915-925.@Yes$Trease G.E. and Evans W.C. (2002).@Pharmacognosy.@15th, Springer, Berlin.@Yes$Sofowora A. (1993).@Screening plants for bioactive agents. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicinal in Africa.@second ed., Spectrum Books Ltd., Sunshine House, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 134-156.@Yes$Rasch E. and Swift H. (1960).@Microphotometric analysis of the cytochemical Millon reaction.@J Histochem Cytochem., 8, 4-17.@Yes$Yemm E.W. and Willis J. (1954).@The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone.@Journal of Biochemical., 57(3), 508-514.@Yes$Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. (1951).@Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent.@J.Biol.Chem., 193, 265-275.@Yes
<#LINE#>Fish Diversity of River Pachin, Eastern Himalaya<#LINE#>Nanda@Prasanta  <#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-063.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, D.N. Government College, Itanagar, Arunachalpradesh, India-791113<#LINE#>15/5/2016<#LINE#>4/6/2016<#LINE#>A survey of fish diversity of river Pachin of Arunachal Pradesh was done from July2014 to June 2015.45 numbers of species belonging to 34 genera and 14 family were recorded. Cyprinidae family was represented by maximum number of species followed by Balitoridae. Endangered fish like Tor putitora was abundant where as Amblyceps arunachalensis was  rare during the catch.<#LINE#>Nath P. and Dey S.C. (2000).@Fish and Fisheries of North east India (Arunachal Pradesh).@Narendra publishing house, New Delhi.@Yes$Bagra K., Kadu K., Sharma K.N., Laskar B.A., Sarkar U.K. and Das D.N. (2009).@Ichthyological surveys and Review of checklist of Fish fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Checklist, 5(2), 330-350.@Yes$Tamang L., Choudhury S. and Choudhury D. (2007).@Ichthyofaunal Contribution to the state and comparison of habitat contiguity on taxonomic-diversity in Senki stream, Arunachal Pradesh India.@Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 104(2), 172-179.@Yes$APHA (1995).@Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.@19th Edition, American Public Health Association.@Yes$Talwar P.K. and Jhingran A.G. (1991).@Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries.@1 and 2, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.@Yes$Debashree Dam (2013).@Fish fauna of Itanagar Wild Life Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Rec.Zool.Surv.India., 113(PART-1), 225-229.@Yes
<#LINE#>Amblyomma sp. (Ixodida: Ixodidae): First record of male, female and nymph ticks of Elaphe hodgsonii  (Squamata: Colubridae) from Nepal<#LINE#>Pun @Shyam K.,Maharjan @Mahendra <#LINE#>26-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-083.pdf<#LINE#>Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal@Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal<#LINE#>28/5/2016<#LINE#>3/6/2016<#LINE#>Amblyomma is the hard tick of Ixodidae family, found on all terrestrial vertebrates. The ticks were collected from snake (Elaphe hodgsonii) of Kirtipur, Nepal and preserved in 70% ethanol. The identification of ticks was carried out using various published keys. The three stages of tick found on snakes includes adult male, adult female and nymph of Amblyomma sp. The present findings revealed the first country record of Amblyomma sp. from Elaphe hodgsonii of Nepal.<#LINE#>Shah K.B. and Tiwari S. (2004).@Herpetofauna of Nepal.@A conservation companion, IUCN- The world conservation union (Kathmandu).@Yes$Pun, S.K. and Maharjan, M. (2015).@New Report of Rhabdias sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Nepal.@Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 20(2), 153-155.@Yes$Pun, S.K. and Maharjan, M. (2016a).@A new report of Kalicephalus sp. intestinal nematode parasite of Amphiesma stolatum (Reptilia: Colubridae) from Kirtipur, Nepal.@Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 5(ISC-2015), 20-23.@Yes$Pun, S.K. and Maharjan, M. (2016b).@Aplectana sp., nematode parasite of Bufo stomaticus from Kirtipur, Nepal.@Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 4(5), 1-6.@Yes$Guglielmone A. A., Robbins R. G., Apanaskevich D. A., Petney T. N., Estrada-Peña A., Horak I. G., Shao R. and Barker S. C. (2010).@The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: A list of valid species names.@Zootaxa, 2528, 1-28.@Yes$Morshed M.G., Scott J.D., Keerthi F., Beati L., Mazerolle D.F., Geddes G. and Durden L.A. (2005).@Migratory songbirds disperse ticks across Canada, and first isolation of the lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, from the avian tick, Ixodes auritulus.@The Journal of Parasitology, 91, 780-790.@Yes$Scott J. D. and Durden L. A. (2015).@Amblyomma dissimile Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizes bird captured in Canada.@Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20(8), 854-860.@Yes$Wenzel R. L., Tipton V. J. and Fowler C. J. (1966).@Appendix Classified List of Hosts and Parasites, Field Museum of Natural History.@, Chicago, Illinois, 797-824.@No$Jiménez A. E., Castro R., Solórzano A., Montenegro V., Bermudez S., Viquez C. and Dolz G. (2015).@First report of Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, 1933 (Ixodida: Ixodida) in Costa Rica.@Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20(5), 471-477.@Yes$Childs J. E. and Paddock C. D. (2003).@The ascendancy of Amblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States.@The Annual Review of Entomology, 48, 307-337.@Yes$Venzal J.M., Guglielmone A.A., Estrada-Peña A., Cabrera P.A. and Castro O. (2003).@Ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitising humans in Uruguay.@Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 97, 769-772.@Yes$Guglielmone A.A., Beati L., Barros-Battesti D.M., Labruna M.B., Nava S., Venzal J.M., Mangold A.J., Szabó M.P.J., Martins J.R., Gonzãlez-Acuña D. and Estrada-Peiia A. (2006).@Ticks (Ixodidae) on humans in South America.@Experimental & Applied Acarology, 40, 83-100.@Yes$Bequaert J. (1932).@Amblyomma dissimile Koch, a tick indigenous to the United States (Acari: Ixodidae).@Psyche, 39, 45-47.@Yes$Keirans J. E. and Litwak T. R. (1989).@Pictorial Key to the adult of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), East of the Mississippi River.@Journal of Medical Entomology, 26(5), 435-448.@Yes$Lampo M., Rangel Y. and Mata A. (1998).@Population genetic structure of a three- host tick, Amblyomma dissimile, in Eastern Venezuela.@The Journal of Parasitology, 84(6), 1137-1142.@Yes$Vázquez J. F. C., Oviedo M. T., Monsalve S. and Torres A. (2009).@Amblyomma dissimile (Acari: Ixodida) Parasite of Boa constrictor in Colombia.@Revista Cientifica de al Facultad de Medicine Veterinaria Zootecnia Córdoba, 14(2), 1745-1749.@Yes$Fischer C. D. B., Mottin V. D., Heerdt M., Filadelfo T., Ceréser V. H., Queirolo M. T. and Allgayer M. C. (2009).@Amblyomma dissimile (Acari: Ixodidae) in Hydrodynastes gigas (Squamata: Colubridae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil-Short Communication.@Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, Sao Paulo, 46(5), 400-403.@Yes$Scofield A., Bahia M., Martins A. L., Góes-Cavalcante G., Martins T. F. and Labruna M. B. (2011).@Amblyomma dissimile Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) Attacking Primolius maracana Vieillot (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) in the Amazon Region, State of Pará, Brazil.@Neotropical Entomology, 40(4), 509-511.@Yes$Verbal-Vergara D. E., Bejarano E. E. and Paternina L. E. (2015).@First report of Amblyomma dissimile (Acari: Ixodidae) on Spilotes pullatus (Squamata: Colubridae) from Colombia.@Revista de Investigaciones en Medicine Tropical, 1, 23-25.@Yes$Pontes J. A. L., Gaz&#519;ta G. S., Vrcibradic D. and Rocha C. F. D. (2009).@Ecology of ticks in a taxocenosis of snakes from the Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with new host records.@Zoologia, 26(2), 328-333.@Yes$Pandit P. Bandivdekar Geevarghese G., Pande S. and Mandke O. (2011).@Tick infestation on wild snakes in northern part of Western Ghats of India.@Journal of Medical Entomology, 48(3), 504-507.@Yes$Ghosh H. S. and Misra K. K. (2012).@Scanning electron microscope study of a snake tick, Amblyomma gervaisi (Acari: Ixodidae).@Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 3(2), 239-250.@Yes$Sumrandee C., Hirunkanokpun S., Doornbos K., Kitthawees S., Baimai V., Grubhoffer L., Trinachartvanit W. and Ahantarig A. (2014).@Molecular detection of Rickettsia species in Amblyomma ticks collected from snakes in Thailand.@Ticks and Tick borne disease, 5(6), 632-640.@Yes$Voltzit O.V. and Keirans J.E. (2002).@A review of Asian Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae).@Acarina, 10, 95-136.@No$Voltzit O.V. and Keirans J.E. (2003).@A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae).@Acarina, 11, 135-214.@Yes$Voltzit O. V. (2007).@A review of Neotropical Amblyomma species (Acari: Ixodidae).@Acarina, 15(1), 3-134.@Yes$Arthur D. R. (1962).@Ticks and Disease.@Perganmon Press, London, 3, 1-91.@Yes$Furman D. P. and Loomis E. C. (1984).@The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida).@Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1-239.@Yes$Roshdy M.A., Hoogstraal H., Banaja A. A. and El Shoura S. M. (1983).@Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae): Spiracle structure and surface morphology.@Parasitology Research, 69(6), 817-821.@Yes$Bedford G. A. H. (1931).@Nuttalliella namaqua, a new genus and species of tick.@Parasitology, 23(2), 230-232.@Yes$Latif A. A., Putterill J. F., De Klerk D. G., Pienaar R. and Mans B. J. (2012).@Nuttalliella namaque (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae): First Description of the male, immature stages and Re- Description of the female.@PLOS ONE, 7(7), e41651.@Yes
<#LINE#>Comparative Study on Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals in some Native Plant Species along the Bank of Chromite Contaminated Damsal Nala of Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India<#LINE#>Dutta@Koushik,Ghosh@Apurba Ratan  <#LINE#>32-52<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-087.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Sambhu Nath College, Labpur, Birbhum, W.B., India@Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, W.B., India<#LINE#>30/5/2016<#LINE#>8/6/2016<#LINE#>Present study was conducted during the years 2009 - \'10, \'10 - \'11 and \'11 - \'12 and investigated the bioaccumulation and translocation of chromium, lead and cadmium in few native plant species based on seasonal and comparative analysis on uncontaminated and contaminated sites of Damsal nala in search of a better phytoremediating plant species. The heavy metal concentration in various plant species showed wide range of seasonal fluctuations in different tissues like root (Cr: 1.99 to 192.24  mg kg-1; Pb: 10.03 to 162.40   mg kg-1; Cd: 4.12 to 30.33 mg kg-1), stem (Cr: zero to 130.15 mg kg-1; Pb: 2.99 to 98.40 mg kg-1; Cd: zero to 23.80 mg kg-1) and leaf (Cr: zero to 111.09 mg kg-1; Pb: zero to 66.12 mg kg-1; Cd: zero to 9.21 mg kg-1). The degree of accumulation of three metals among the native plant species of upstream region was found in the order of Pb > Cd > Cr, whereas in downstream region it was of Cr > Pb > Cd. The degree of accumulation was also tissues-wise different like, root > stem > leaf. Plant-wise accumulation of Cr in upstream region was Syzygium fruticosum > Cassia alata > Ipomoea fistulosa > Hollarhena antidysenterica; lead and cadmium were Syzygium fruticosum > Cassia alata > Hollarhena antidysenterica > Ipomoea fistulosa. But in the downstream region the trend was, for chromium, in the order of Syzygium heyneanum > Cassia alata > Ipomoea fistulosa > Aganosma caryophyllata; for lead and cadmium were in the order of Aganosma caryophyllata > Cassia alata > Syzygium heyneanum > Ipomoea fistulosa and Ipomoea fistulosa > Aganosma caryophyllata > Syzygium heyneanum > Cassia alata respectively. The study of Translocation Ability (TA) revealed that the quantities of heavy metals in root exceeded those in shoot (i.e., stem or leaf). Again, the quantities of heavy metals in the stem exceeded those in leaf.<#LINE#>Salt D.E., Blaylock M., Kumar P.B.A.N., Dushenkov V., Ensley B.D., Chet I. and Raskin I. (1995).@Phytoremediation: A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants.@Biotechnology, 13, 468-474.@Yes$Salt D.E., Benhamou N., Leszczyniecka M., Raskin I. and Chen I. (1999).@A possible role for rhizobacteria in water treatment by plant roots.@International Journal of Phytoremediation, 1, 67-79.@Yes$Reimer P. and Duthie H.C. (1993).@Concentrations of zinc and chromium in aquatic macrophytes from the Sudbury and Muskoka regions of Ontario, Canada.@Environmental Pollution, 79, 261-265.@Yes$HO Y.B. (1988).@Metal levels in three intertidal macroalgae in Hong Kong waters.@Aquatic Botany, 29, 367-372.@Yes$Untawale A.G., Wafar S. and Bhosale N.B. (1980).@Seasonal variation in heavy metal concentration in mangrove foliage.@Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 13(3), 215-223.@Yes$Baker A.J.M. and Brooks R.R. (1989).@Terrestrial higher plants which hyper accumulate metallic elements–review of their distribution, ecology, and phytochemistry.@Biorecovery, 1, 81-126.@Yes$Mangi J., Schmidt K., Pankow J., Gaines L. and Turner P. (1978).@Effects of chromium on some aquatic plants.@Environmental Pollution, 16, 285-291.@Yes$Pande K.S., and Sharma S.D. (1999).@Distribution of organic matter and toxic metals in the sediments of Ramganga river at Moradabad, India.@Pollution research, 18(1), 43-47.@Yes$Tien C.J. (2002).@Biosorption of metal ions by fresh water algae with different surface characteristics.@Process Biochemistry, 38, 605-613.@Yes$Pavasant P., Apiratikul R., Sungkhum V., Suthiparinyanont P., Wattanachira S. and Marhaba T.F. (2006).@Biosorption of Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ using dried marine green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera.@Bioresource Technology, 97, 2321-2329.@Yes$Bhandarkar N.K., Kekare M.B., Champanerkar P. and Vaidya V.V. (2008).@Determination of heavy metals from Bauhinia Variegate using inductively coupled plasma technique.@Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 7(3), 569-570.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2011).@Physicochemical analysis of waste water coming from different chromite mines in Sukinda Valley Region, Odisha and its management.@Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management, ISWMAW, Kolkata, 355-358.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2012).@Comparative study of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of some groundwater sources from Sukinda Valley Region in Odisha.@The Ecoscan, 1, 155-160.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Limnological status and bioconcentration of some heavy metals in Damsal Nala of Sukinda Valley Region in Odisha and consequent histopathological lesions observed in liver and kidney of air-breathing fish Channa sp.@The Ecoscan, 3, 191-197.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Comparative study on limnological parameters and bioconcentrations of heavy metals in an air-breathing carnivorous teleostean fish, Gaducia ap. of the upstream and downstream regions of Damsal Nala in Sukinda Valley Region, Odisha.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 1831-1840.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Analysis of physico-chemical characteristics and metals in water sources of chromite mining in Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.@JEB, 34(4), 783-788.@Yes$Dutta K. (2015).@Chromite Mining: Disbalancing the Aquatic Environment of Sukinda Valley.@Res. J. of Recent. Sci., International Science Congress Association, Indore, (India), 4(IYSC-2015), 80-93.@Yes$Prain D. (2004).@Bengal Plant.@Vol. I and II, Botanical Survey of India, Bishen Shing Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.@Yes$Saxena H.O. and Brahmam M. (1996).@The Flora of Orissa.@Vol. 4, Regional Research Laboratory, CSIR, Bhubaneswar.@Yes$Mondal B.C., Das D. and Das A.K. (2002).@Preconcentration and separation of copper, zinc and cadmium by the use of 6-mercapto purinylazo resin and their application in microwave digested certified biological samples followed by AAS determination of the metal ions.@Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 16(3), 145-148.@Yes$Wu F.Y. and Sun E.J. (1998).@Effects of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and lead on the growth of water convolvulus in water culture.@Journal of Environmental Protection, 21(1), 63-72.@Yes$Falbo M.B. and Weaks T.E. (1990).@A comparison of Eichornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) and Sphagnum quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae) in treatment of acid mine water.@Economic Botany, 44, 40-49.@Yes$Demirezen D.  and Aksoy A. (2004).@Accumulation of heavy metals in Typha angustifolia (L.) and Potamogeton pectinatus (L.) living in Sultan Marsh (Kayseri, Turkey).@Chemosphere, 56(7), 685-696.@Yes$Panich-Pat T., Pokethitiyook P., Kruatrachue M., Upatham, E. S., Srinives P. and Lanza G.R. (2004).@Removal of lead from contaminated soils by Typha angustifolia.@Water Air and Soil Pollution, 155, 159-171.@Yes$Gupta S., Nayek S., Saha R.N. and Satpati S. (2008).@Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte, agricultural soil and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory.@Environmental Geology, 55, 731-739.@Yes$Rai P.K. (2009).@Heavy metals in water, sediments and wetland plants in an aquatic ecosystem of tropical industrial region, India.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 158, 433-457.@Yes$Alloway B.J. (1995).@Soil processes and the behaviour of metals.@In: Alloway, B.J. (Eds.), Heavy Metals in Soil. Blackie Academic and Professional, U.K., 11-37.@Yes$Singh R., Singh D.P. and Kumar N. (2010).@Bhargava S.K. and Barman S.C., Accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in soil and plants from fly ash contaminated area.@JEB, 31, 421-430.@Yes$Pandey S.N. (2006).@Accumulation of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni an Zn) in Raphanus sativus L. and Spinacia oleracea L. plants irrigated with industrial effluent.@JEB, 27, 381-384.@Yes$Mishra V.K., Upadhyay A.R., Pandey S.K. and Tripathi B.D. (2008).@Concentrations of heavy metals and aquatic macrophytes of Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar an anthropogenic lake affected by coal mining effluent.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 141(1-3), 49-58.@Yes$Kisku G.C., Barman S.C. and Bhargava S.K. (2000).@Contamination of soil and plants with potentially toxic elements irrigated with mixed industrial effluents and its impact on the environment.@Water Air and Soil Pollution, 120, 121-137.@Yes$Liao S. and Chang W. (2004).@Heavy metal phytoremediation by water hyacinth at constructed wetlands in Taiwan.@Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 42, 60-68.@Yes$Dekock P.C. (1956).@Heavy metal toxicity and iron chlorosis.@Annals of Botany, 20, 134-141.@Yes$Hall L. (2002).@Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance.@Journal of Experimental Biology, 53, 1-11.@Yes$Singh O.V., Labana S., Pandey G. and Budhiraja R. (2003).@Phytoremediation: An overview of metallic ion decontamination from soil.@Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 61, 405-412.@Yes$Peng K., Luo C., Lou L., Li X. and Shen Z. (2008).@Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by the aquatic plants Potamogeton pectinatus L. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and their potential use for contamination indicators and in wastewater treatment.@Science of the Total Environment, 392(1), 22-29.@Yes$Xiong Z.T. (1998).@Lead uptake and effects on seed germination and plant growth in a Pb hyper accumulator Brassica pakinensis Rupr.@Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60, 285-291.@Yes
<#LINE#>Ecological Studies of Tree Vegetation of Ramshai Forest Range, Gorumara National Park, India<#LINE#> Sarkar@Anup Kumar <#LINE#>53-59<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-089.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Prasanna Deb Women’s College, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal-735101, India<#LINE#>1/6/2016<#LINE#>15/6/2016<#LINE#>Ecological studies are the measure of biodiversity status of any vegetation. Knowledge of ecological composition, diversity of tree species and dominant communities of the ecosystem is the basis of planning and implementation of biodiversity conservation management. To fulfil this requirement the study was carried out at Ramshai forest of Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India. The study provided the composition of tree communities and the status of biodiversity of these trees. The article mainly focused on the diversity and ecology of the tree vegetation of the forest range.A total of 21 established tree species belonging to 17 families were recorded. The present studies were made to evaluate the Frequency, Density, Basal Area and Importance Value Index along with some community indices.<#LINE#>Lohbeck M., Poorter M., Martinez-Ramos J., Rodriguez-Velazquez M.,Van Breugel and Bongers F. (2014).@Changing Drivers of Species Dominance during Tropical Forest Succession.@Functional Ecology, 28, 1052-1058.@Yes$Palit D., Pal S. and Chanda S. (2012).@Diversity and richness of plants in Darjeeling Himalaya with an eye on Gaddikhana forest beat, Senchal east zone forest range, Darjeeling.@Indian Journal of Forestry., 35, 39-44.@Yes$Chase J.M. and Leibold M.A. (2003).@Ecological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches.@University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ISBN 9780226101804.@Yes$Rannie WF. (1986).@Summer air temperature and number of vascular species in arctic Canada.@Arctic., 39, 133-137.@Yes$Warman C.K. (1999).@Trees of India (Medicinal, Commercial, Religious & Ornamental) (A Colour Atlas.@S.K. Jain for CBS Publisher & Distributors, Daryaganj, New Delhi.@Yes$Phillips E.A. (1959).@Methods of vegetation study.@Henri Holt Co. Inc.@Yes$Chaubey O. P., Prasad R. and Mishra G.P. (1988).@Studies of Teak Plantation and mixed natural forest in Madhya Pradesh. I. Phytosociology, distribution, species diversity and quantitative parameters of tree species.@J. Trop. For., 4, 22-35.@Yes$Misra R. (1968).@Ecology Work Book.@Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.@Yes$Burak K.P., Roy W., Matthias M.B., Craig M. and Pauline F.G. (2011).@Response of Plant Species and Life Form Diversity to Variable Fire Histories and Biomass in the Jarrah Forest of South-West Australia.@Austral Ecology, 37, 330-338.@Yes$Sahu P.K., Sagar R. and Singh J.S. (2008).@Tropical Forest Structure and Diversity in relation to altitude and disturbances in a Biosphere reserve in Central India.@Applied Vegetation Science, 11, 461-470.@Yes$Priya D., Jean P.P. and Egbert G.L. (2005).@Changes in Rain Forest Tree Diversity, Dominance and Rarity across a Seasonality Gradient in the Western Ghats, India.@Indian Journal of Biogeography, 32, 493-501.@Yes$Shannon C.E. and Wiener W. (1963).@a Mathematical theory of Communication.@University Illinois Press, Urban.@Yes$Simpson E. H. (1949).@Measurement of Diversity.@Nature, 163, 688.@Yes$Pielou E.C. (1966).@Species Diversity and pattern diversity of in the study of Ecological; Succession.@Jour. of theoretical Biology, 10, 370-383.@Yes$Margalef  R. (1968).@Perspective in Ecological Theory.@Uni. of Chicago Press.@Yes$Whittaker R.H. and Levin S.A. (1977).@The role of mosaic phenomena in mosaic communities.@Theoretical Population Biology, 12, 117-139.@Yes$Berger W.H. and Parker F.L. (1970).@Diversity of plank tonic Foraminifer in deep sea Sediments Science.@168, 1345-1347.@Yes$Huston M.A. (1994).@Biological Diversity: the coexistence of species.@Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.@Yes
<#LINE#>Chikungunya is Declining in West Bengal, India- A Retrospective study (2010-2014)<#LINE#>Khatun@Tanuja ,Sundar Panja@Anindya , Chatterjee@Rajendra Prasad,Chatterjee@Shyamalendu <#LINE#>60-67<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-095.pdf<#LINE#>Tanuja Khatun- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India@Anindya Sundar Panja-Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India@Rajendra Prasad Chatterjee- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India@Shyamalendu Chatterjee- ICMR virus Unit Kolkata-700 010, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>15/6/2016<#LINE#>4/7/2016<#LINE#>Re-emergence of Chikungunya virus in West Bengal was detected almost after 40 years when an outbreak of fever occurred in Baduria village (West Bengal, India) in October 2006. After its re-emergence, Chikungunya virus infection/Chikungunya fever unexpectedly spread in the form of devastating epidemics all over the West Bengal which was associated with high fever, crippling joint pain and debilitating arthritic by joint pain that may last for a long time after resolution of infection. Blood samples from clinically Chikungunya suspected cases are routinely referred to the ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata for the diagnosis of Chikungunya infection as it is an Apex Referral Laboratory of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme {NVBDCP}, Delhi for the detection of Chikungunya in the Eastern part of India. Here we report the activity of Chikungunya from the year 2010-2014. During this period a total of 3573 samples were received from different medical colleges and hospitals of West Bengal. Based on serological study, only 934 (26.14%) samples were positive to Chikungunya IgM antibody by ELISA method. Rest of the 2639 samples were screened and only 755 Chikungunya IgM negative acute samples having &#8804; 4days of illness were subjected to RNA extraction, RT-PCR test followed by gel electrophoresis for molecular detection. Only 83 samples (10.71%) produced prominent band at par with the control strain, i.e; 354bp. In the years 2014, RT-PCR test could not detect the Chikungunya specific RNA. Slightly higher percentile positivity was observed amongst the females than males. All most all the age groups were affected. Age group specific attack rate was variable. Even then, highest attack rate was observed in the adult age group, mainly 31-40 followed by age group of 21-30, 41-50, 51+, 11-20 and 0-10 in the every year. It was observed that incidence of Chikungunya infection were much less than it was observed since its re emergence. This study established that the activity of Chikungunya virus in West Bengal is in a declining phase.<#LINE#>Peters C. J. and Dalrymple J.M. (1990).@Alphaviruses.@Fields BN, Knipe DM, Chanok RM, editors. Virology, 2nd edition, Raven Press, New York, 713-761.@Yes$Robinson M.C. (1955).@An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53.@I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 49, 28-32.@Yes$Nagpa B.N., Saxena Rekha, Srivastava Aruna, Singh Neeru, Ghosh S.K., Sharma S.K., Kumar Ashwani, Kumar Hemant, Alok Suman Sharma, Chand S.K., Ojha V.P., Mohanty S.S., Mohanty A.K., Dasgupta R.K., Dhillon G.P.S. and Dash A.P. (2012).@Retrospective study of chikungunya outbreak in urban areas of India.@Indian J Med Res., 135, 351-358.@Yes$Nero C. (2008).@Chikungunya, the traveling virus.@Clin Microbiol Newsl., 30, 97-100.@Yes$Francesca Cavrini, Paolo Gaibani, Anna Maria Pierro, Gaida Rossini, Maria Paola Landini and Vittorio Sambri. (2009).@Chikungunya: an emerging and spreading arthropod-borne viral disease.@J Infect Dev Ctries., 3(10), 744-752.@Yes$Inoue S., Morita K., Matias R.R., Tuplano J.V., Resuello R.R., Candelario J.R., Cruz D.J., Mapua C.A., Hasebe F., Igarashi A. and Natividad F.F. (2003).@Distribution of three arbovirus antibodies among monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines.@J. Med. Primatol., 32, 89-94.@Yes$Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Nanikaly Moyen, Laurence Dupuis-Maguiraga, Antoine Nougairede, Ernest A. Gould, Pierre Roques and Xavier de Lamballerie. (2013).@Review: Chikungunya fever: Epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy.@Antiviral Research. 99, 345–370.@Yes$Enserink M. (2006).@Massive Outbreak Draws Fresh Attention to Little-Known Virus.@Science., 311, 1085.@Yes$Claudia Caglioti, Eleonora Lalle, Concetta Castilletti, Fabrizio Carletti, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi and Licia Bordi. (2013).@Chikungunya virus infection: an overview.@New Microbiologica. 36, 211-227.@Yes$Shah K.V., Gibbs C.J. Jr and Banerjee G. (1964).@Virological investigation of the epidemic of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta: Isolation of three strains of Chikungunya virus.@Indian J Med Res., 52, 676-83.@Yes$Jadhav M., Namboodripad M., Carman R.H., Carey D.E. and Myers R.M. (1965).@Chikungunya disease in infants and children in Vellore: a report of clinical and haematological features of virologically proved cases.@Indian J Med Res., 53, 764-76.@Yes$Thiruvengadam K.V., Kalyanasundaram V., Rajgopal J. (1965).@Clinical and pathological studies on Chikungunya fever in Madras City.@Indian J Med Res. 53, 729-44.@Yes$Padbidri V.S. and Gnaneswar T.T. (1979).@Epidemiological investigations of Chikungunya epidemic at Barsi, Maharashtra state, India.@J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol., 23, 445-51.@Yes$Ravi V. (2006).@Re-emergence of Chikungunya virus in India.@Indian J Med Microbiol., 24, 83–4.@Yes$Venkatachalam P., Mohamed Sathik M.B., Mani P.P., Kumari V., Saha T. and Jacob J. (2010).@Molecular characterization of Chikungunya virus in febrile patients from central Kerala by RT-PCR assay.@Current Science., 98, 962–966.@Yes$Raj G.D., Rajanathan T.M.C., Parthiban N. and Ramadass P. (2007).@Phylogenetic characterization of Chikungunya virus isolates from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.@Current Science, 93, 15–6.@Yes$Manimunda S.P., Singh S.S., Sugunan A.P., Singh O., Roy S., Shriram A.N., et al. (2007).@Chikungunya fever, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.@Emerg Infect Dis., 13, 1259-1260.@Yes$WHO (2006).@Chikungunya in India.@Geneva, World Health Organization.@Yes$Lahariya C. and Pradhan S.K. (2006).@Emergence of chikungunya virus in Indian subcontinent after 32 years: A review.@J Vector Borne Dis., 43, 151-160.@Yes$Pialoux G., Gaüzère B.A., Jauréguiberry S. and Strobel M. (2007).@Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis.@Lancet Infect Dis., 7, 319-27.@Yes$Shah K.V., Gibbs Jr C.J. and Banerjee G. (1964).@Virological investigation of the epidemic of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta: isolation of three strains of chikungunya virus.@Indian J Med Res., 52, 676–83.@Yes$Debjani Taraphdara, Arindam Sarkara, Bansi B. Mukhopadhyayb, Shekhar Chakrabartic and Shyamalendu Chatterjee. (2012).@Rapid spread of Chikungunya virus following its resurgence during 2006 in West Bengal, India.@Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene., 106, 160-166.@Yes$Pistone T., Ezzedine K., Schuffenecker I., Receveur M.C. and Malvy D. (2009).@An Imported Case of Chikungunya Fever from Madagascar: Use Of the Sentinel Traveller for Detecting Emerging Arboviral Infections in Tropical and European Countries.@Travel. Med. Infect. Dis., 7, 52-54.@Yes$Hati A. K. (2009).@Dengue sero surveillance in Kolkata, facing an epidemic in West Bengal, India.@J Vector Borne Dis., 46, 197-204.@Yes
<#LINE#>Ethno-Medicinal Inventory of Khanpur Valley and Some Archeological Sites Reflecting Ancient Gandhara Civilization, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan<#LINE#>Siddique@Zeeshan , Nisa@Sobia,Ghulam@Mujtaba Shah, Khan@Abdullah,Mohiuddin@Muhammad  <#LINE#>68-84<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-097.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan@Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan@Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan@Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan@COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan<#LINE#>16/6/2016<#LINE#>24/6/2016<#LINE#>An ethnomedicinal inventory was carried out during 2012-2013 in Khanpur Valley and some archeological sites reflecting ancient Gandhara civilization, District Haripur, Pakistan. Data pertaining to ethnomedicinal uses and folk recipes of local plants was collected through questionnaires and interviews during field visits. For the purpose local people including men, women, children, knowledgeable persons (Hakims/Pansaries/Traditional healers/ Herdsmen) were approached. As a result 61 important medicinal plants species belonging to 43 families including 20 trees, 18 shrubs, 21 herbs, 1 grass and 1 climber, along with folk medicinal recipes were documented. Detailed information pertaining to botanical name, local name, family, part used, active chemical constituent and ethno-medicinal recipes were also tabulated. The study indicated that medicinal plants of Khanpur Valley are under severe pressure due to deforestation, over grazing, over exploitation and subsequent fires. As a result valuable medicinal plants are getting depleted with alarming rate. Plant specimens collected were identified, preserved, mounted and voucher was deposited at the Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan for future references.<#LINE#>Shinwari, M.I and Khan, M.A. (2000).@Folk use of medicinal herbs at Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad.@J.Ethnopharmacol., 69, 45-65.@Yes$Morgan, W.T. (1981).@Ethnobotany of the Turkana: Use of Plants by a Pastoral People and their Livestock in Kenya.@J. Econ.Bot., 35, 96-130.@Yes$Hameed, M., Ashraf, M., Al-Qurainy, F., Nawaz, T., Ahmad, M.S.A., Younis, A and Naz, N. (2011).@Medicinal flora of the Cholistan desert - A review.@Pak. J. Bot., 43, 39-50.@Yes$Ibrar, M. (2002).@Responsibilities of ethnobotanists in the field of medicinal plants.@In Proceeding of Workshop on Curriculum Development in Applied Ethnobotany,  Published by the Ethnobotany Project, WWF Pakistan, 34-D/2, Sahibzada Abdul Qayuum Road Peshawar, Pakistan., 16-20.@Yes$Shinwari, K., Khan, A. A. and Nakaike, T. (2003).@Medicinal and other useful Plants of district Swat, Pakistan.@Al Azizi Communicatios, Pakistan., 34-36.@Yes$Cotton, C.M. (1996).@Ethnobotany: Principals and Applications.@John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichister, England.@Yes$Buckingham, J. (1999).@Dictionary of Natural Compounds.@Chapman and Hall, U.K, 14-20.@Yes$Sher, H. and Al-yemani, N.M. (2011).@Ethnobotanical and antibacterial potential of Salvadora persica l: a well known medicinal plant in Arab and Unani system of medicine.@Journal of medicinal plant research., 5(7).@Yes$Serrentino, J. and W.A. (1991).@How natural remedies work.@Point Harly and Marks publisher., 20-22.@Yes$Baqar, S.R. (1989).@Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Pakistan.@Printas Karachi, Pakistan, 343-344.@No$Sharma, H. and Kumar, A. (2010).@Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants of Rajasthan (India): A review.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol., 5(7), 1107-1112.@Yes$Zashim Uddin, M., Hassan, M.A., Rahman, M., and Arefin, K. (2012).@Ethno-Medico-Botanical Study in Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh.@Bangladesh J. Bot.,41(1), 97-104.@Yes$Shah, G.M. and Khan, M.A. (2006).@Check List of Medicinal Plants of Siran Valley Mansehra-Pakistan.@Ethnobotanical Leaflets., 10, 63-71.@Yes$Jabeen, A., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M. and Ahmad, F. (2009).@Indigenous uses of economically important flora of Margallah Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan.@African Journal of Biotechnology., 8(5), 763-784.@Yes$Shah, G.M., Jamal, Z. and Hussain, M. (2013).@Phytotherapy Among the Rural Women of District Abbotabad.@Pak. J. Bot., 45(SI), 253-261.@Yes$Nasir, E. and Ali, S.I.  (1970).@Flora of Pakistan (Fascicles series).@Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan, 1-200.@Yes$Tabuti, J.R.S., Kukunda, C.B., Kaweesi, D. and Kasilo, O.M.J. (2012).@Herbal medicine use in the districts of Nakapiripirit, Pallisa, Kanungu, and Mukono in Uganda.@Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine., 28, 35.@Yes$Heinrich, M., Ankli, A., Frei, B., Weimann, C. and Sticher, O. (1998).@Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers’ consensus and cultural importance.@Soc Sci Med., 47(11).@Yes$Hussain, F., Badshah, L. and Dastagir, G. (2006).@Folk Medicinal uses of some Plants of South, Waziristan, Pakistan.@Pak. J. Pl. Sci., 12, 27-40.@Yes$Ahmad, H. (1999).@Issues Regarding Medicinal Plants of Pakistan.@Udyana Today., 6(3), 6-7.@Yes$Hamayaun, M., Khan, M.A., and Hayat, T. (2005).@Ethnobotanical profile of Utror and Gabral valleys, district Swat, Pakistan.@Ethnobotany leaflets., (http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/).@Yes$Shinwari, M.I. and Khan, M.K. (1999).@Folk use of medicinal herbs of Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad.@J. Ethnopharmacology., 69, 45-56.@Yes$Ghani, A. and Batool, M. (2012).@Folk recipes of some medicinal plants used by the inhabitants of Soon Valley Khushab (Pakistan).@International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research., 4(1).@No$Ajaib, M., Khan, Z., Khan, N. and Wahab, M. (2010).@Ethnobotanical studies on useful shrubs of District Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan.@Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 42(3), 1407-1415.@Yes$Tareen, R.B., Bibi, T., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M. and Zafar, M. (2010).@Indigenous knowledge of folk medicine by the women of Kalat and Khuzdar regions of Balochistan, Pakistan.@Pak. J. Bot., 42(3), 1465-1485.@Yes$Panhwar, A.Q. and Abro, H. (2007).@Ethnobotanical studies of Mahal Kohistan (Khirthar National Park).@Pak. J. Bot., 39(7), 2301-2315.@Yes$Khan, S.W. and Khatoon, S. (2008).@Ethnobotanical studies on some useful herbs of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys in Gilgit, Northern areas of Pakistan.@Pak. J. Bot., 40(1), 43-58.@Yes$Murad, W., Ahmad, A., Gilani, S.A. and Khan, M.A. (2011).@Indigenous knowledge and folk use of medicinal plants by the tribal communities of Hazar Nao Forest, Malakand District, North Pakistan.@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research., 5(7), 1072-1086.@Yes$Qureshi, R.A., Ghufran, M.A., Gilani, S.A., Yousaf, Z., Abbass, G. and Batool, A. (2009).@Indigenous Medicinal Plants Used By Local Women in Southern Himalayan Regions of Pakistan.@Pak. J. Bot., 41(1), 19-25.@Yes$Abbasi, A.M., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M. and Zafar, M. (2010).@Herbal medicines used to cure various ailments by the inhabitants of Abbottabad district, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan.@Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge., 9(1), 175-183.@Yes$Hazrat, A., Nisar, M., Shah, J. and Ahmad, S. (2011).@Ethno botanical study of some elite plants belonging to Dir, Kohistan Valley, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.@Pak. J. Bot., 43(2), 787-795.@Yes$Hussain, K., Shahazad, A. and Zia-ul-Hussnain, S. (2008).@An Ethnobotanical Survey of Important Wild Medicinal Plants of Hattar, District Haripur, Pakistan.@Ethnobotanical Leaflets., 12, 29-35.@Yes$Ishtiaq, M., Hanif, W., Khan, M.A., Ashraf, M. and Butt, A.M. (2007).@An Ethnomedicinal Survey and Documentation of Important Medicinal Folklore Food Phytonims of Flora of Samahni Valley, (Azad Kashmir) Pakistan.@Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10(13), 2241-2256.@Yes$Ishtiaq, M., Khan, M.A. and Hanif, W. (2006).@An ethnomedicinal inventory of plants used for family planning and sex diseases treatment in Samahni Valley, (A.K.) Pakistan.@Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9(14), 2546-2555.@Yes$Qureshi, S.J., Khan, M.A. and Ahmad, M. (2008).@A Survey of Useful Medicinal Plants of Abbottabad in Northern Pakistan.@Trakia Journal of Sciences., 6(4), 39-51.@Yes$Sarwat, Z., Shinwari K., and Ahmad, N. (2012).@Screening of potential medicinal plants from district Swat specific for controlling women diseases.@Pak. J. Bot., 44(4), 1193- 1198.@Yes$Shah, G.M. (2007).@Plants and Plant Resources of Siran Valley Mansehra, NWFP, Pakistan.@Ph.D. thesis. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University., Islamabad, Pakistan.@Yes$Zaidi, M.A. and Crow, S.A. (2005).@biologically active traditional medicinal herbs from Baluchistan, Pakistan.@J. Ethnopharmacol., 4, 96(1-2), 331-334.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Isolation and Identification of Fungi Microbiome in oral Cavity of Students in Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria<#LINE#>Ezikanyi @D.N.,Nnamani @C.V. ,Elem @B.O. <#LINE#>85-87<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2016-050.pdf<#LINE#>Department of  Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria@Department of  Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria@Department of  Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria<#LINE#>19/4/2016<#LINE#>19/6/2016<#LINE#>Microbiomes occupy different parts of the body including the oral cavity and they influence health and diseases.  Studies on isolation and identification of culturable fungal microbiome prevalent in oral cavity of students in Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki was carried out in November, 2015. The aim of the study was to determine the most prevalent culturable fungi species inhabiting the oral cavity of healthy students. Swab sticks were employed for the collection of oral samples and inoculated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and incubated for 72 hours at 250C, fungal species were isolated and identified. Fungi species identified were Candida,  Aspergillus , Fusarium, Blastomyces and Histoplasma. The research revealed that Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the most preponderant fungi organisms in oral cavity of healthy students.<#LINE#>Oever J.O. and Netea M.G. (2014).@The bacteriome-mycobiome interaction and antifungal host defence.@European Journal of Immunology, 44, 3182-3191@Yes$Floyd E., Dewhirst, Tuste C., Jacques I., Anne C.R., Tanner, Wen-Han Yu, Abirami Lakshmanan and William G. Wade (2010).@The human Oral Microbiome.@Journal of Bacteriology, 192(19), 5002-5017, doi:10.1128/JB. 00542-10.@Yes$Dupuny A.K., David M.S., Li L., Heider T.N., Peterson J.D., Montano E.A., Dongari B.A., Diaz, P.I. and Strausbaugh L.D. (2014).@Redefining the human oral mycobiome with improved practices in amplicon-based taxonomy: discovery of malassezia as a prominent commensal.@PLoS One doi: 9(3), e90899, 10.1371/journal. pone.0090899.@Yes$Aas J.A., Paster B.J., Stokes L.N., Olsen I. and Dewhirst F.E. (2005).@Defining the normal Bacterial flora of the oral cavity.@Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(11), 5721-5732@Yes$Jenkinson H. and Douglas L. (2002).@Interactions between Candida species and bacteria in mixed infections.@Brogden K.A. Polymicrobial diseases. Washington, DC, ASM Press.@Yes$Coleman D.C., Rinaldi M.G., Haynes K.A., Rex J.A, Summerbell R.C., Anaussie E.J., Li, A. and Sullivan D.J. (1998).@Importance of Candida species other than Candida albicans as opportunistic pathogens.@Med Mycol. 36(1), 156-165.@Yes$Ghannoum M.A., Jurevic R.J., Mukherjee P.K., Cui F., Sikaroodi M., Naqvi A. and Gillevet P.M. (2010).@Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals.@PLoS Pathog., 6, e1000713.@Yes$Pfaller M.A. and Diekema D.J. (2010).@Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America.@Crit Rev Microbiol 36, 1-53.@Yes$Diaz P.I., Xie Z., Sobue T., Thompson A., Biyikoglu B., Ricker A., Ikonomou,L. and Dongari-Bagtzogbu A. (2014).@Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and commensal oral streptococci in a novel in vitro mucosal model.@Infect. Immun. 80, 620-632.@Yes$Costa K.R., Ferreira J.C, Lavrador M.A., Baruffi M.D. and Candido R.C. (2012).@Virulence attributes and genetic variability of oral Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis isolates.@Mycoses, 55, 97-105.@Yes$Lalla R.V., Patton L.L. and Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. (2013).@Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis.@clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies, J. Calif. Dent. Assoc., 41, 263-268.@Yes$Deepa A.G., Nair B.J., Sivakumar T.T. and Joseph A.P. (2014).@Uncommon opportunistic fungal infection of oral cavity: A review.@J. Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 18(2), 235-243.@Yes$Cho H., Lee K.H., Colquhoun A.N. and Evans S.A. (2010).@Invasive oral Aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia.@Aust Dent. J., 55(2), 214-218.@Yes$Bathoorn E., Salazar N.E., Sepehrkhouy S., Meijer M., Cock H. and Haas P. (2013).@Involvement of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus tubingensis in osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone: A case report.@BMC Infect Dis, 13, 59, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-59.@Yes$Ge Y., Caufield P.W., Fisch G.S. and Li Y. (2010).@Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis colonization correlated with caries experience in children.@Caries Res,. 42, 444-448.@Yes