@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Determination of Presence of Various Antioxidants in Aqueous Extract of Various Plants - A preliminary study<#LINE#>AN@Tiwari,BK@Shah,HR@Gohel<#LINE#>1-3<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-086.pdf<#LINE#>Department of biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Disha Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd, Science City Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>5/6/2015<#LINE#>11/7/2015<#LINE#>  Plants are thought to be one of the most potential sources of various antioxidants. These antioxidants play a significant role in scavenging superoxide molecules produced during various biochemical reactions. Each plant has different concentrations of these compounds. In the present study five common plants namely Cassia auriculata, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Tecoma stans and Calliandra haematocephala were selected. Their phytochemicals were extracted using cold water. Each of these plants has shown presence of higher concentration of tannins, quinones and terpenoids, whereas flavanoids was found least in concentration among all the phytochemicals.  <#LINE#> @ @ Gupta V. and Sharma S., Plants as natural antioxidants. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour.5, 326–334 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shebis Y., Iluz D., Kinel-Tahan Y., Dubinsky Z. andYehoshua Y., Natural Antioxidants: Function and Sources, Food Nutr. Sci.04, 643–649 (2013) @No $ @ @ Marmesat S., Morales A, Velasco J. and Dobarganes M.C., Action and fate of natural and synthetic antioxidants during frying; Grasas y Aceites61, 333–340 (2010) @No $ @ @ Salem M.Z.M., Gohar Y.M., Camacho L.M. and El-shanhorey N.A., Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of leaves and branches extracts of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth against nine species of pathogenic bacteria, African J. Microbiol. Res.7, 418–426 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yehye W.A. et al. Butylated hydroxytoluene analogs: Synthesis and evaluation of their multipotent antioxidant activities, Molecules17, 7645–7665 (2012) @No $ @ @ Weydert C.J. and Cullen J.J., Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue, Nat. Protoc., 5, 51–66 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rani P., Unni, K.M. and Karthikeyan J., Evaluation of antioxidant properties of berries, Indian J. Clin. Biochem, 19, 103–10 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ajayi I.A, Ajibade, O. and Oderinde R.A., Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of some Plant Seeds, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1, 3–7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Meenupriya J., Vinisha A.S. and Priya P., Cassia alata and Cassia auriculata: Review of their bioactive potential, World J. Pharm. Sci., 2, 1760–1769 (2014) @No $ @ @ Satish A., Punith Kumar R., Rakshith D., Satish S. and Ahmed F., Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of Ficus benghalensis stem bark and Moringa oleifera root extract, Int. J. Chem. Anal. Sci., 4, 45–48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sirisha N., Sreenivasulu M., Sangeeta K. and Madhusudhana Chetty C., Antioxidant properties of Ficus Species: A review, Int. J. Pharm Tech Res., 2, 2174–2182 (2010) @No $ @ @ Doughari J.H., Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents, Intech, 1–33 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pandey A. and Tripathi S., Concept of standardization , extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug, J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2, 115–119 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Biochemical Changes induced by Carbaryl, Carbosulfan and Parathion on Fresh Water Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)<#LINE#>Ahmad@RatherAjaz,A.A@Khan,.G.D@Sharma,Muddassir@Thoker<#LINE#>4-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-093.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, PMB Gujrati Science College, Devi Ahliya University, Indore MP, INDIA <#LINE#>22/6/2015<#LINE#>7/7/2015<#LINE#>The aim of the study was to assess the effect induced by carbaryl, carbosulfan and parathionpesticides on biochemical indices of catfish, Clarais batrachus (Linn.) after exposed to sub lethal concentration of 0.5 ml (1/5 of LC50) of Carbaryl, 0.1 ml (1/5 of LC50) of carbosulfan and 0.09 ml (1/5 of LC50) of parathion at different time intervals 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The LC50of Carbaryl, carbosulfan and parathion was determined by the method of Finney. The present study showed statistically significant increase value in blood glucose and significant decrease value in serum total protein level. <#LINE#> @ @ Tripathi G and S. Harsh, Fenvalerate-induced macromolecular changes in the catfish Clarias batrachus, J. Environ. Biol, , 143–146 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tucker J.W. and C.Q., Thompson, Dangers of using organ phosphorous pesticides and diesel oil in fish ponds, Aquacutt. Mag, 13, 62-63 (1987) @No $ @ @ Finney D.J., Probit analysis 3rd edn, Cambridge University press, Cambridge, 20, (1997) @No $ @ @ Dalela R.C., M.C. Bhatnagar and S.K. Verma., In vivo hematological alterations in the freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus following sub-acute exposure to pesticide and their combination, J. Environ. Biol, 2, 79 – 86 (1981) @No $ @ @ Trinder P, Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen receptor, Ann. Clin. Biochem, 6, 24–27 (1969) @No $ @ @ Dumas B.T., Determination of total protein and albumin in serum, Clinc. Chem. Acta,31, 87-96 (1971) @No $ @ @ Begum G. and S. Vijayaraghavan., Level of blood glucose in freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) during commercial dimethoate intoxication, J.Aqucult. Bio, , 74–76 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ferrando M.D. and E.A. Moliner., Effect of lindane on the blood of a fresh water fish, Bull. Environ, Contam. Toxicol, 47, 445–470 (1991) @No $ @ @ Ramesh M. and M. Saravanan, Hematological and biochemical responses in a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpioexposed to chlorpyrifos, International Journal of Integrative Biology,, 80 – 83 (1985) @No $ @ @ Singh R.K. and B. Sharma, Carbofuran induced biochemical changes in Clarias batrachus, Pesticide science, 53, 285–290 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ravinder V. and N. Suryanarayana, Decis induced biochemical alterations in a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus, Ind. J. Comp. Ani. Physiol, 6, 5–12 (1985) @No $ @ @ Neff. J.M, Use of biochemical measurements to detect pollutant mediated damage to fish. In: Cardwel, R.D. Purdy, R. Bahner, R.C., Eds. Aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment, Philadelphia: American Society for Testing Materials, 4, 155–181 (1985) @No $ @ @ Maya, Toxicity of rogor to Claris batrachus a morphological and pathophysiological study Ph.D. thesis. Meerut University, Meerut, (1988) @No $ @ @ Garg V.K. and S.K. Tyagi., Manganese induced hematological and biochemical anomalies in Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, J. Enivorn. Bio,4, 349–353 (1989) @No $ @ @ Shaikh Irshaid and Gautam R.K., Effect of organophosphate pesticide, nuvan on serum biochemical parameters of fresh water catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), In. Res. J. Environment. Sci, 3, 1-6 (2014) @No $ @ @ Velisek J., J. Whasow, P. Gomulka, Z. Svobodova and L. Novotny, Effects of 2-phenoxythanol anesthesia on sheatfish (Silurus glaris), Veterinarni. Medicina,52, 103–110 (2007) @No $ @ @ Min E.Y. and J.C. Kang, Effect of waterborne benomyl on the hematological and antioxidant parameters of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 92, 138-143 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Seasonal Variations of Zooplanktons from River Vena, Distt. Nagpur, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>VarshaL.@Gharpure,Manisha@Bhatkulkar<#LINE#>10-13<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-095.pdf<#LINE#>2 Jawaharlal Nehru Vidyalaya, and Junior College, Wadi, Nagpur MS, 440 023 INDIA @ Jawaharlal Nehru Arts, Commerce, and Science College, Wadi, Nagpur MS, 440 023 INDIA<#LINE#>29/6/2015<#LINE#>21/7/2015<#LINE#>Zooplankton is free swimming microscopic animal. They play an important role as a food for aquatic fauna. We may even consider them as the most numerous animals on earth. They forms a remarkable bioindicator for water pollution. In the present piece of work an attempt has been made to investigate the distribution of Zooplankton in Vena river district Nagpur. Study of Zooplanktons in various seasons has been carried out at a 4 sites of Vena river. Samples were collected in all the month during year 2013. The Zooplankton population is represented by four different groups in winter season viz. Protozoa, Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera. In the present investigation during winter season maximum density of Zooplankton is in the month of January. However Zooplanktons minimum density was recorded in the month of October due to the domestic sewage, industrial sewage, concentration of water and rise in temperature. <#LINE#> @ @ Cole G.A. Textbook of Limnology, V. Mosby Company, Toronto, (1985) @No $ @ @ Kalff. J. Limnology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2001) @No $ @ @ Altaff K.A., Manual of Zooplankton University Grants Commission, New Delhi (2004) @No $ @ @ Madin L.P., Horgan E.F. and Steinberg D.K., Zooplankton at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series study (BATS) Station (2001) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar M.S., Methodology for water analysis, physico-chemical, Biological and Microbiological Indian Association of Aquatic Biologist Hyderabad, Pub. 2,  50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Khanna D.R., Ecology and pollution of Ganga river. APH, New Delhi. 1-124 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar C., Biodiversity of Zooplankton form saroor Nagar lakar, Hydrabad (A.P.), India IAAB. 90(1:2), 39-40 (1994) @No $ @ @ Adwant M.P., Limnological studies on Godavari river basin at Nanded, Maharashtra, India Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad(1981) @No $ @ @ Bais V.S. and N.L. Agrawal, Seasonal variation of nutrient contains Hydrilla Vetricollata, JFW, Biol, , 259-265 (1993) @No $ @ @ Dhanapathi M.V.S.S., variation in some rotifers of the family Barnchionid. J A. Biol. 12 (1-2), 8-15 (1997) @No $ @ @ Gibert J.J., Limnol oceanogy, 33, 1286-1303 (1988) @No $ @ @ Dutta O.K. and S.K. Bhagabati,  Limmology of ox-bow lakes of Assam, NSL, 3-7 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Molecular characterization of lactobacillus sp, from Indian curd and its Antagonistic effects on uropathogens of Diabetic patients<#LINE#>karasuRamasamy@Thirunavuk,Suyambulingam@Kannan<#LINE#>14-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-096.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Immunology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, Udaya College of Arts and Sciences, Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>29/6/2015<#LINE#>15/7/2015<#LINE#>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease and is associated with increased risk of certain complications with UTIs. The LABisfamous to yield antibacterial substances likebacteriocins which can inhibit the growth of a number of UTI pathogens. The fermented probiotic food (curd) samples were collected from home and supermarket in Tamil Nadu, India. Meanwhile the urine samples were collected from clinically UTI suspected diabetic patients from private hospitals in Tamil Nadu, India. The foremost aim of this study is to identify the different Lactobacillus sp., from curd and uropathogens from UTI diabetic patients by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study also stretched to extraction of bacteriocin from identified Lactobacillus sp., by fermentation and the study overextended to antibacterial activities of bacteriocin against on an identified uropathogens. All the isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial activities of LAB bacteriocin was done against on UTI pathogens. L.acidophilus JCM1132, L. fermentam BCS25, L. plantarum ATCC8041 and L. casei XM2-1 from curd and Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, E.coli sp, Bacillus subtilis sp, and Pseudomonas sp were identified by 16S rRNA sequence. The fermentation process was optimized for getting maximum of products that gave antimicrobial activity against UTI pathogens. In this study, bacteriocins of L.acidophilus JCM1132 and L.fermentam BCS25 as a potential broad spectrum antibiotic against on an uropathogens (Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, E.coli sp, Bacillus subtilis sp, and Pseudomonas sp), but L.plantarum ATCC8041 and L. casei XM2-1 are mild antimicrobial activities on few isolates. <#LINE#> @ @ Coeuret V., Dubernet S. and Bernardeau. M., Isolation, characterization and identification of lactobacilli focusing mainly on cheeses and other dairy products., Lait., 83(4),269-306 (2003) @No $ @ @ Marco ML, Pavan S and Kleerebezem M., Towards understanding molecular modes of probiotic action.,Curr Opin Biotechnol., 17(2), 204–210(2006) @No $ @ @ Piard JC and Desmazeaud M., Inhibiting factors produced by lactic acid bacteria:1. Oxygen metabolites and catabolism end products., Lait.,71(5), 525-541(1991) @No $ @ @ Wilson BA, Thomas SM and Ho Me., The human vaginal microbiome, In: Nelson KE, editor., Metagenomics of the human body, Germany: Springer., 91-115 (2011) @No $ @ @ Maurya AP and Thakur RL., Inhibition spectrum, purification and characterization of bacteriocin from Leuconostoc NT-1., Curr Sci., 103(12), 1405-1407 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sivaramasamy Elayaraja, Neelamegam Annamalai, Packiyam Mayavu, Thangavel Balasubramanian., Production, purification and characterization of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus murinus AU06 and its broad antibacterial spectrum., Asian Pac J Trop Biomed., 4(S1),S305-S311 (2014) @No $ @ @ Agaliya PJ and Jeevaratnam K., Screening of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from fermented idli batter for probiotic properties,Afr J Biotechnol., 11(65), 12856–12864 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jamuna M, Jeevaratnam K., Isolation and characterisation of lactobacilli from some traditional fermented foods and evaluation of the bacteriocins, J Gen Appl Microbiol., 50(2), 79–90 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jamuna M, Babusha ST and Jeevaratnam K., Inhibitory efficacy of nisin and bacteriocins from Lactobacillus isolates against food spoilage and pathogenic organisms in model and food systems,Food Microbiol., 22(5), 449–454 (2005) @No $ @ @ Aasen IM, Moreto T, Katla T, Axelsson L and Storro I., Influence of complex nutrients, temperature and pH on bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus sakei CCUG 42687, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 53(2), 159–166 (2000) @No $ @ @ Parvez. S, Malik K.A, Ah Kang. S and Kim H.M., Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health, Journal of Applied Microbiology.,100(6),1171–1185(2006) @No $ @ @ Adeyeba O.A., Adesiji Y.O. and Omosigho P.O., Bacterial urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus., Int. Trop. J. Med., 2(3), 89-92 (2007) @No $ @ @ Suzanne E. Geerlings., Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus:epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents., 31(S), S54–S57(2008) @No $ @ @ Christopher P Kolbert and David H Persing., Ribosomal DNA sequencing as a tool for identification of bacterial pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology.,2(3), 299-305 (1999) @No $ @ @ Perez-luz S, Rodrigue-valera F, Lan R, Reeve PR., Variation of ribosomal operon 16S-23s spacer region in representatives of Salmonelleenterica subspecies, J. Bacferiol., 180(8), 2144-2151 (1998) @No $ @ @ Daeschel MA., Antimicrobial substances from lactic acid bacteria for use as food preservatives., Food Technology, 43(2), 164-166 (1989) @No $ @ @ Y.ksekdaÛ ZN, Beyatlõ Y, Aslõm B., Determination of some characteristics coccoid forms of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Turkish kefirs with natural probiotic., LWT. Food science and technology., 37(6), 663-667 (2004) @No $ @ @ Tadesse G, Ephraim E, Ashenafi M., Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Borde and Shamita, traditional Ethiopian fermented beverages, on some foodborne pathogens and effect of growth medium on the inhibitory activity., The International Journal of Food Safety., 5, 13-20, (2005) @No $ @ @ Xanthopoulos V, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E and Tzanetakis N., Characterization of Lactobacillus isolates from infant faeces as dietary adjuncts., Food Microbiology, 17(2), 205-215, (2000) @No $ @ @ Kailasapathy K. and Chin J., Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp, Immunol Cell Biol.,78(1), 80–88, (2000) @No $ @ @ Schaafsma G., Meuling W.J.A., Van Dokkum W. and Bouley C., Effects of a milk product, fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructo-oligosaccharides added, on blood lipids in male volunteers., Eur J Clin Nutr., 52(6), 436–440 (2000) @No $ @ @ McLean N.W. and Rosenstein I.J., Characterisation and selection of a Lactobacillus species to re-colonise the vagina of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis,J Med Microbiol., 49(6), 543–552 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gregor Reid PhD, MBA., Probiotic Therapy and Functional Foods for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections: State of the Art and Science, Current Infectious Disease Reports., 2(6), 518–522 (2000) @No $ @ @ (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/; i), (2015) @No $ @ @  @No
<#LINE#>Determination of LC50 of Lead Nitrate for a fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan)<#LINE#>OnkarSingh@Brraich,Manjeet@Kaur<#LINE#>23-26<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-097.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab, INDIA <#LINE#>30/6/2015<#LINE#>10/7/2015<#LINE#>The contamination of water by heavy metals is a worldwide problem which is increasing day by day due to the anthropogenic activities. These heavy metals poses a serious health risk on human population and aquatic organisms. One such heavy metal is Lead. This paper emphasises on the determination of 96hr LC50 value ofLead Nitrate for the fish, Labeo rohita. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the standard methods in APHA and the value was calculated by probit analysis. The fish specimens were acclimatized in the laboratory conditions for 15 days. The stock solution of Lead Nitrate was prepared and the fish fingerlings were treated with various concentrations ranging from 1 mg/l to 50 mg/l for 96 hours. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of Lead Nitrate for the fish, Labeo rohita is 34.20 mg/l. The susceptibility of Labeo rohita to the lethal effect of Lead Nitrate were dependent on duration as well as on concentration. The mortality of the fishes is directly proportional to the concentration. The use of Lead should be discouraged to protect valuable biodiversity. <#LINE#> @ @ Lopes P.A., Pinheiro T., Santos M.C., Mathias M., Collares-Pereira M.J. and Viegas-Crespo A.M., Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations Leuciscusalburnoides complex) to inorganic pollutant exposure, Sci. Tot. 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Asian resonance, 2(3), (2013) @No $ @ @ Dallas H.F. and Day J.A., The effect of water quality variables on riverine ecosystem. A review: Water Research Commission Report No., 351-360 (1993) @No $ @ @ Woodward D.F., Brumbaug W.G., Delonay A.J. and Smith C., Effects on rainbow trout of metals contaminants diet of benthic invertebrates from the Clark Fork river, Moutana, Trans. American fish. Soc., 23, 51-62 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mckim J.M., Evaluation of tests with early life stages of fish for predicting long term toxicity, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 34, 1148-1154 (1977) @No $ @ @ Phillips T.A., Wu J., Summerfelt R.C. and Atchinson G.J., Acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in larval and early juvenile walleye exposed to chloropyrifos, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 1469-1474 (2002) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 22nd Edition. American Public Health Association. Washington D.C., (2012) @No $ @ @ Finney D.J, Probit analysis. Cambridge University Press, London/Newyork, 20-47 (1971) @No $ @ @ Latif A., Ali M., Sayyed A.H., Iqbal F., Usman K., Rauf M. and Kaoser R.,  Effect of copper sulphate and lead nitrate, administered alone or in combination, on the histology of liver and kidney of Labeorohita, Pak. J. Zool., 45(4), 913-920 (2013) @No $ @ @ Abdullah S., Javed M. and Javid A., Studies on acute toxicity of metals to the fish (Labeorohita), Int. J. Agri. Biol., , 333-337 (2007) @No $ @ @ Javid A., Javed M. and Abdullah S., Nickel bioaccumulation in the bodies of Catlacatla, Labeorohitaand Cirrhinusmrigala during 96hr LC50 exposures. Int. J. Agri. Bio., , 139-142 (2007) @No $ @ @ Adhikari S., Effect of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to Indian major carp, Labeorohita(Hamilton) and catfish, Channapunctatus (Bloch), Aquacul. Res., 34, 975-980 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shamshun N., Chandan K., Kavita M. and Mamta K., Lead induced alteration in blood profile of air breathing catfish, Clariasbatrachus Linn. TheBioscan:, 2,(2010) @No $ @ @ Hamed N. and Esmail G., Determination of LC50 of lead nitrate and copper sulphate in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio), Amer. Eura. J. Toxicol. Sci.,4(2), 60-63 (2012) @No $ @ @ Das K.K. and Banerjee S.K., Cadmium toxicity in fishes, Hydrobiol., 75, 117-121 (1980) @No $ @ @ Shah S.L. and Altindu A., Effects of heavy metal accumulation on the 96hr LC50 values in tench, TincatincaL., 1758. Turk. J. vet. Anim. Sci., 29, 139-144 (2005) @No $ @ @ Witeska M., Jezierska B. and Chaber J., The influence of cadmium on common carp embryos and larvae, Aquaculture, 129, 129-132 (1993) @No $ @ @ Demayo A., Taylor M.C., Taylor K.W. and Hodson P.V., Toxic effects of lead and lead compounds on human health, aquatic life, wildlife plants and livestock, Critical reviews in environmental control., 12(4), 257-305 (1981) @No $ @ @ Hodson P.V., Whittle D.M., Wong P.T.S., Borgmann U., Thomas R.L., Chau Y.K., Nriagu J.O. and Hallet DJ., Lead contamination of the great lakes and its potential effects on aquatic biota. In: Nriagu J.O. and Simmons M.S. (eds), Toxic contaminants in the great lakes, John Wiley and Sons, Indianapolis (1984) @No $ @ @ Nussey G., Vuren V.J.H.J. and Prez H.H., Bioaccumulation of chromium, manganese, nickel and lead in the tissues of the moggel, (Labeoumbratus) from Witbank Dam. Mpumalanga, Water S.A.,26(2), 264-284 (2000) @No $ @ @ Martinez C.B.R., Nagae M.Y., Zaia C.T.B.V and Zaia D.A.M., Acute morphological and physiological effects of lead in the neotropical fish, Prochiloduslineatus, Braz. J. Biol., 64, 797-807 (2004) @No $ @ @ Witeska M. and Jezierska B., The effect of environmental factors on metal toxicity to fish, Fresenius. Environ. Bull., 12, 824-829 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mulley D., Kamble G.M. and Bhilave M., Effect of heavy metals on nucleic acids in Cyprinuscarpio, J. Environ. Bio., 21, 367-370 (2000) @No $ @ @ Yilmaz M., Gul A. and Karakose E., Investigation of acute toxicity and the effect of cadmium chloride metal salt on behaviour of the guppy (Poeciliareticulate), Chemospher, 56, 375-380 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dardenne F., Nobels I., De C. and Blust, R., Dose response relationships and statistical performance of a battery of bacterial gene profiling assays, Apps. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 75, 223-234 (2007) @No $ @ @ Singh A., Jain D. and Kumar P., Determination of LC50 of cadmium chloride in Heteropneustesfossilis, GERF Bull. of Biosci., , 21-24 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Assessment of Stress Awareness level among Professionals of district Rohtak, Haryana, India<#LINE#>TarvinderJeet@Kaur,Asha<#LINE#>27-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-098.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Home Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>2/7/2015<#LINE#>13/7/2015<#LINE#>Stress is so imbibed in us that it has become lifestyle itself. More successful we are, more stressed we are. Stress is of two types: eustress and distress. The present study was conducted to assess the level of stress awareness among professionals. The locale selected for the study was Rohtak city in Haryana, India. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select one hundred three subjects (aged 30-60 years) belonging to different professions i.e. doctor (n=22), nurse (n=15), banker (n=24) and professors (n=42). Data was collected by using questionnaire cum interview method. Stress awareness level was assessed through a self-designed questionnaire. Supplied questionnaire contained the list of questions pertaining to stress, its types, causes, symptoms and different coping techniques. Average stress awareness level of bankers (19.54+3.20) was followed by nurses (18.93+2.46), professors (18.36+3.53) and doctors (17.64+4.51). Analysis of variance further showed that there was no significant difference in the stress awareness level of different professionals i.e. professors, nurses, doctors and bankers, F (3, 99) =1.19, p=0.32. Stress awareness level of all professionals was more or less similar. Although majority of respondents were aware of stress management techniques, yet comparatively lesser fraction of professionals were adopting them to combat stress in their day-to-day work life due to lack of time. Stress management techniques used by respondents were light activities, brisk walk/ yoga/ meditation and eating stress busting food. Amongst all stress management techniques adopted, brisk walk/ yoga/ meditation was made use at maximum followed by light activities and eating stress busting food. However, about one fifth of professional had not adopted any stress management technique. <#LINE#> @ @ Powell T. J. and Enright S. J., Anxiety and stress management. New York:Routledge, 19 (1990) @No $ @ @ Looker T. and Gregson O., Managing stress. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary, 27 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tyson P.D., Pongruengphant R. and Aggarawal B., Coping with organizational stress among hospital nurses in Southern Ontario, Int J Nurs Stud., 39, 453-459 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kolich M. and Wong-Reiger D., Emotional Stress and information processing ability in the context of accident causation. Int J Ind Ergonom, 24, 591-602 (1999) @No $ @ @ Wong D., Leung S., So C. and Lam D., Mental health of Chinese nurses in Hong Kong: The roles of nursing stresses and coping strategies. Online J Issues Nurs 5 (2). Retrieved May 29, 2007, from http://www.nursingworld. org/ojin/ topic12/ tpc12_7.htm ) (2001) @No $ @ @ Cohen S. and Williamson M., Stress and Infectious Disease in Humans. American Psychological Association. Psychol Bull, 109 (1), 5-24 (1991 January) @No $ @ @ Novey D., Clinician’s complete reference to complementary and alternative medicine. St. Louis: Mosby, (2000) @No $ @ @ Hatvany I., Putting pressure to work,Wiltshire: Redwood books Ltd., 136-38. (1996) @No $ @ @ Griffith J., Steptoe A. and Cropley M., An investigation of coping strategies associated with job stress in teachers. Brit J Educ Psychol, 69, 517-531 (1999) @No $ @ @ Paffenbarger R. S. et. al., Changes in physical activity and other life way patterns influencing longevity, Med Sci Sports Exerc,26, 857 (1994) @No $ @ @ Weyerer S and Kupfer B., Physical exercise and psychological health, Sports Med, 17(2), 108-116 (1994) @No $ @ @ Brewer K., The stress management handbook,USA: National Press Publications, 54 (1995) @No $ @ @ Stephens C. and Long N., Communication with police supervisors and peers as a buffer of work related traumatic stress, J Organ Behav, 21, 407-424 (2000) @No $ @ @ Smith B.W. et al., A pilot study comparing the effects of mindfulness: based and congnitive behavioral stress reduction, J Alter Complement Med,14, 251 (2008) @No $ @ @ Varvogli Liza and Darviri Christina, Stress Management Techniques: Evidence based procedures that reduce stress and promote health, Health Sci J, 5(2), 74-89 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Impact of Sewage on Certain Biochemical Profiles of Indian Major CARP, Labeo rohita (HAMILTON)<#LINE#>Lopamudra@Behera,Keshari@RoutSangram,TrivediRaman@Kumar,BipulKumar@Das,Debasmita@Jana<#LINE#>33-39<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-103.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Aquatic Environment Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, 5-Budherhat road, Panchasayar, WBUAFS, Kolkata, 700094, INDIA <#LINE#>6/7/2015<#LINE#>14/7/2015<#LINE#>The advance fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) (65 ±2 g weight, 23 ±1.25cm length) were exposed to four sub lethal concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of sewage effluent to determine its effect on the biochemical parameters. The trial was conducted for a period of 90 days from April, 2014 to June, 2014. Significant changes (P 0.05 level) in the biochemical profile of the fish were observed in the experimental group compared with the control. Among the biochemical parameters, blood glucose, ALT, AST value showed an increasing trend whereas the total protein was decreased during the experimental period. Water quality parameters like ammonia, BOD, COD TDS, hardness and alkalinity exceed the permissible limits. The results of the study showed that the sewage water quality significantly impacted the status of the fish. It is suggested that these physiological parameters can be conveniently employed as health monitoring tools in sewage fed fish culture practices.<#LINE#> @ @ Yadav A., Neraliya S. and Singh R., Effect of fertilizer industrial effluent on the behaviour and morphology of fresh water cat fish, Heteropenenstes fossils (Bloch). Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, India, Current Res. J. of Biol. Scs.,2(3), 201-209 (2005) @No $ @ @ Olaifa F.E., Olaifa A K., Adelaja A.A. and Owolabi A.G., Heavy metal contamination of Clarias gariepinus from a Lake and Fish farm in Ibadan, Nigeria, African J. of Biomedical Res.,, 145-148 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wilson R.W. and Taylor E.W., The physiological responses of freshwater rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, during acute exposure, J. of Comparative Physiology.,163, 38–47 (1993) @No $ @ @ Yilmaz A.B., Sangun M.K. Yagloglu D. and Turan C., Metals (major essential to non-essential) composition of the different tissues of three demersal fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey, Food Chemistry.,123, 410-415 (2010) @No $ @ @ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/journal of food chemistry.2010.04.0575.Vander Oost, R. Beyer and J. Vermeulen N.P.E., Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment, a review, Environ. Toxico. andPharmaco.,13, 57–149 (2003) @No $ @ @ Li Z.H., Velisek J., Zlabek V., Grabic R., Machova J., Kolarova J. and Randak T., Hepatic antioxidant status and hematological parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after chronic exposure to carbamazepine, Chemico-Biol. Interactions., 183, 98-104 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kavitha C. and Malarvizhi A., Senthil Kumaran, S., Ramesh, M., Toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on hematological, biochemical and liver transaminases activity in an Indian major carp, Catla catla, Food Chem. Toxico., 48, 2848-2854 (2010) @No $ @ @ Remyla S., Ramesh M., Sajwan K.S. and Senthil K.K., Influence of zinc on cadmium induced haematological and biochemical responses in a freshwater teleost fish Catla catla, Fish Physio. and Biochem., 34,169-174 (2008) @No $ @ @ APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 20th ed. American Public Health Association,Washington, DC., (28-56) ,(109-145),(6-14) (2002) @No $ @ @ Dasgupta S., Pandey B.K., Sarangi N. and Mukhopadhyay P.K., Evaluation of water productivity and fish yield in sewage-fed vis -a`-vis fertilized based carp culture, Bio reso. Tech., 99, 3499-3505 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ghosh A. and George J., Studies on the abiotic factors and zooplankton in a polluted urban reservoir Hussain Sagar, Hyderabad, Indian J. of Environ. and Health.,31, 49–59 (1980) @No $ @ @ Dampin N., Tarnchalanukit W., Chunkao K. and Maleewong M., Fish Growth Model for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Wastewater Oxidation Pond, Thailand, Procedia Environmental Sciences.,, 513–524 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kindle K.R., Whitmore D.H., Biochemical indicators of thermal stress in Tilapia aurea (Steindachner), J. of Fish Biol.,29,243–255 (1986) @No $ @ @ Lusková V., Svoboda M. and Kolaová J., The Effect of Diazinon on Blood Plasma Biochemistry on Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Acta Veterinaria Brno.,71, 117-123 (2002) @No $ @ @ Svobodová Z., Vykusová B., Modrá H., Jarkovský J. and Smutná M., Haematological and biochemical profile of harvest-size carp during harvest and post-harvest storage, Aquac. Res.,37,959-965 (2006) @No $ @ @ Barton B.A. and Iwama G.K., Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids, Annual Review of Fish Diseases., , 3–26 (1991) @No $ @ @ James R., Sampath K., Jancy Pattu V. and Devakiamma G., Utilization of Eichhorina crassipes for the reduction mercury toxicity on food transformation in Heteropneustes fossilis, J. ofAquac. in the Tropics., 7, 189-196 (1992) @No $ @ @ Borges A., Scotti L.V., Sigueira D.R., Zanini R., Amaral F., Juriniz D.F., Wassermann F.G., Changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in Jundiai Rhamdia quelen due to sun-lethaltoxicity of cypermethrin, Chemosphere.,68, 920-926 (2007) @No $ @ @ Velisek J., Jurckov J., Dobskovad R., Svobodova Z., Piackova V., Machova J. and Novotny L., Effects of deltamethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Environ. Toxic. and Pharma., 23, 297–301 (2007) @No $ @ @ Palanivelu V. and Vijayavel K., Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S. and Balasubramanian, M.P., Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus, Environ. Toxic. and Pharma., 19, 351–355 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yamawaki K., Hashimoto W., Fujii K., Koyama J., Ikeda Y. and Ozaki H., Hemochemical changes in carp Cyprinus carpio) exposed to low cadmium concentrations, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi Bulletin, Life Science J., 52, 459-466 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kaoud H.A., M.M. Zaki, A.R. El-Dahshan, S. Salid and H.Y.El-Zorba., Amelioration of the toxic effects of cadmium exposure in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by using Lemna gibba, Life Sciences J.,, 185-195 (2011) @No $ @ @ Summarwar S. and Lall D., Effect of toxins on blood plasma of Clarias batrachus, Indian J. Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences., 3, 133-136 (2013) @No $ @ @ Singh D., Nath N., Trivedi S.P. and Sharma Y.K., Impact of copper on hematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus, J. of Environ. Biology., 29(2), 253-257 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lavanya S., Ramesh M., Kavitha C. and Malarvizhi A., Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic, Chemosphere, 82, 977-985 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abhijith B.D., Ramesh M. and Poopal R.K., Sublethal toxicological evaluation of methyl parathion on some haematological and biochemical parameters in an Indian major carp Catla catla, Comp.Clinic.Pathology., 21, 55-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barcellos L.J.G., Kreutz L.C., de Souza C., Rodrigues L.B., Fioreze I., Quevedo R.M., Cericato L., Soso A.B., Fagundes M., Conrad J., Lacerda L.A. and Terra S., Hematological changes in jundiá (Rhamida quelen Quoy and Gaimard Pimelodidae) after acute and chronic stress caused by usual aquaculture management, with emphasis on immune suppressive effects, Aquaculture.,237, 229-236 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>A Study of the Limnology and Ichthyology of Dhir Beel at Dhubri, Assam, India<#LINE#>Hussain@BarbhuiyaAnjam,Ratan Chandra@Bhattacharyya,Amalesh@Dutta<#LINE#>40-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-104.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Goalpara College, Goalpara-783101, Assam, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Gauhati- 781013, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>8/7/2015<#LINE#>18/7/2015<#LINE#>  The present study on the Ichthyofauna of one of the important Beel (proposed ramsar site), in Dhubri district near Chapar Town, at the South-Eastern fringe of Chakrashila Wi1d Life Sanctuary reveals 71 numbers of species of fishes including some riverine fishes like Amblyceps mangois, Tenualosa ilisha, Barilius barila, Bagarius bagarius etc due to the connection with the Brahmaputra river. The limnological parameters did not show much abrupt fluctuation with an average value of temperature of air 31.63C, temperature of water 28.75C, pH 7.15, Conductivity 0.13 mS, Total Dissolved Solids 107.5 ppm, Dissolved Oxygen 6.56mg/l, Turbidity 56.5NTU, Total Hardness 32.25mg/l, Free CO 29.75 mg/l, Total Alkalinity 68.75 mg/l and Salinity 1450ppm. Although experimental studies indicate that these wetlands have a fairly high production potential, but the average estimated production of the beel is around 173kg/ha/yr as the current method, regulations and system of management are not conducive to sustainable production from the water bodies. <#LINE#> @ @ Clare S., Cyrille de K., Wetlands, Water and the Law. Using law to advance wetland conservation and wise use, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge, UK and Bonn, Germany. xvi + 330 (1999) @No $ @ @ ARSAC., Report of Wetlands of Assam, Assam Remote Sensing Application Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India (1997) @No $ @ @ CIFRI., Ecology and fisheries in beels of Assam, Bulletin No. 104, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India, 48 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chandra G., Management Regimes and Institutional Arrangement in Floodplain Wetlands Fisheries of Assam: An Evaluation, Indian Journal of Extension Education, 471 and 2), 27-33 (2011) @No $ @ @ The Telegraph, Assam push for Ramsar tags - State forest department zeroes in on four wetlands’, Viewed on 09/12/09 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yadava Y.S., Studies on the Limnology and Produc-tivity of an Oxbow Lake in Dhubri District of Assam (India). Ph.D. Thesis, Gauhati University, Assam (1987) @No $ @ @ Saud B.J., M. Chetia, V.K. Verma and D. Kumar., Ecohydrobiology with Special emphasis on Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Urpod Wetland of Goalpara, Assam, India. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 103-109 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarma D. and A. Dutta., Ecological Studies of two riverine wetlands of Goalpara District of Assam, India, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 11(2), 297-302 (2012) @No $ @ @ Choudhury R., Das P. and Goswami U.C., Abundance of Four Exotic Fish Species Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrixand Aristichthys nobilis in the Urpod Beel of Goalpara District of Assam, International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology,(1), 303-307 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C., The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. Narendra Publishing House, (New Delhi), 616 (2010) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran A.G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, Vol. I and II, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. (New Delhi), 1158 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sen N., Studies on the Systematics, Distribution and Ecology of the Ichthyofauna of Meghalaya and their bearing on the Fish and Fisheries of the State, vi + 576, PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Gauhati (Assam) (1982) @No $ @ @ Sen N., Occurrence, Distribution and Status of Diversified Fish Fauna of North-East India: pp. 31-48. In: Fish Diversity of North-East India (Eds.) Ponniah, A.G.and Sarkar,U.K., pp. 228, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, ICAR (Lucknow) (2000) @No $ @ @ Vishwanath W., Ng H.H., Britz R., Singh L.K., Chaudhury S. and Conway K.W., In: D.J. Allen, S. Molur; B.A. Daniel (Ed), The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya, 22-39 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharjya B.K., Choudhury M. and Sugunan V.V., In PC Mahanta and LK Tyagi (Ed) Participatory approach for fish biodiversity conservation in Northeast India. NBFGR, Lucknow, India, 87-105 (2003) @No $ @ @ Molur S. and Walker S., Fresh water fishes of India. Conservation, Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) workshop, NBFGR, Lucknow. 22-26 September, 156 (1998) @No $ @ @ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1, www.iucnredlist.org&#x-3.3;女. Downloaded on 23 July (2014) @No $ @ @ Dheer J.M.S., Haematological, haematopoitic and biochemical response to thermal stress in an air-breathing freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793), J. Fish Biol., 32, 197-206 (1988) @No $ @ @ Welch P.S., Limnological methods. Narendra Publishing House. New Delhi, India. pp. xviii+381 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bell H.L., Effect of low pH on the survival and emergence of aquatic insects, Water Resource, 5, 313 (1971) @No $ @ @ Kaushik S. and Saksena D.N., Physico-chemical limnology of certain waterbodies of central India. In: Vijaykumar K. (ed.). Freshwater Ecosystem of India, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi., 1-58 (1991) @No $ @ @ Zutshi D.P. and Vass K.K., Limnological studies on Dal Lake Chemical features, Indian J. Ecol,5, 90-97 (1978) @No $ @ @ Ganapati S.V., The ecology of the temple tank containing a permanent bloom of Microcystis aeuruginosa (kuts) Henfry, J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc., 42(1),  65-77 (1940) @No $ @ @ 4Alikunhi K.H., Fish culture in India, Farm Bull, Indian Coun.Agric. Res., 20, 1-144 (1957) @No $ @ @ Wheatly M.G., Integrated responses to salinity fluctuation, Am. Zool., 28, 65-77 (1988) @No $ @ @ Taylor E.W., The examination of water and water supplies. J. and A Churchill Ltd, London (1949) @No $ @ @ Sorensen D.L., McCarthy M., Middlebrooks E.J. and Porcella D.B., Suspended and dissolved solids effects on freshwater biota: A review. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/3-77-042 (1977) @No $ @ @ Gahlawat S.K., Gupta R.K., Yadava N.K., Jain K.L., Sihag R.C. and Sabhlok V.P., Manual of Experimental Ichthyology Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, 293 (2007) @No $ @ @ National Wetland Atlas: Assam, SAC/RESA/AFEG/NWIA/ATLAS/18/2010, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India, 174 (2010) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organization., Food and Nutrition in Numbers-2014, FAO, Rome (2014) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishnaiah, M., Biology of Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton) from Chilka Lake with an account of its racial status, Indian J. Fish, 19(1and2), 35-53 (1972) @No $ @ @ Kar D. and Dey S.C., On the occurrence of advanced fry of Hilsa (Tenualosa) ilisha (Hamilton-Buchanan) in Chatla Haor Seasonal Wetland of Assam, Proc. Zool. Soc (Calcutta), 55(2), 15-19 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>Evaluation of the damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer : Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) according to the phenological stages of three varieties of eggplant in south of Côte d’Ivoire<#LINE#>A.@Obodji,N.@AbouaL.R.,B.P.@Seri-Kouassi,D.K.Ch@Tano,S@GOUEZ.<#LINE#>49-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-112.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>22/7/2015<#LINE#>4/8/2015<#LINE#>A study was carried out from April to December 2013 in the south of Côte d'Ivoire for to evaluate the damage of the shoot and fruit borer: Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera :Pyralidae) on three varieties of eggplant (Djamba F1, Kotobi and N'drowa issia). It consisted in counting infested and healthy shoots on randomly selected 24 plants fromeachsub plot. At the fruiting stage, besides enumerating the attacked shoots, the healthy and attacked fruits were also counted. The percentages of the infested shoots varied according to the varieties and phenological stages. The highest shoot infestations were registered at the fruiting stage for each variety with 53.07 ± 0.97% (N'drowa issia); 56.29 ± 1.84% (Kotobi) and 66.59 ± 1.62% (Djamba F1) respectively 159, 173 and 166 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest fruit infestations were obtained 166 DAT (N'drowa issia: 40.04 ± 1.67 %) and 173 DAT (Kotobi: 69.89 ± 1.16% and Djamba F1: 82.67 ± 0.52%). Significant correlations between abiotic factors and infestations of shoots and fruits have been registered.  <#LINE#> @ @  FAO., Production de légumes dans les conditions arides et semi-arides d’Afrique tropicale, Etude FAO production végétale et protection des plantes, FAO, Rome, Italie, 446, (2008) @No $ @ @  Sihachakr D., Chaput M.H., Serraf I. and Ducreux G., Régénération of plants from protoplasts of eggplant (Solanummelongena L)., In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Plant protoplasts and genetic engineering, 9, 108- 122 (1993) @No $ @ @  Grubben G.J.H. and Denton D.A. (Editors), Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation. Wageningen, Netherlands. Blackhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/CTA. Wageningen, Netherlands, 668, (2004) @No $ @ @  Owusu-Ansah F., Afreh-Nuamah K., Obeng-Ofori D and Ofosu-Budu K.G., Managing infestation levels of major insect pests of gardeneggs (Solanum integrifolium L.) with aqueous neemseed extracts, Journal of the Ghana Science Association, 3(3), 70-84 (2001) @No $ @ @  Leung W.T.W., Busson F. and Jardin C., Food composition table for use in Africa, FAO, Rome, Italy, (1968) @No $ @ @  N’Tamon N.G., Caractérisation agro morphologique de quelques cultivars d’aubergine (solanumssp) collectés dans diverses zones ecologique de Côte d’Ivoire, Mémoire de fin de cycle d’ingenieur de l’IPR / IFRA de Katibougou (Mali), 69 (2007) @No $ @ @  Fondio L., Kouamé C., N’zi J. C., Mahyao A., Agbo E. and DjidjiA H., Survey Indigenous Leafy Vegetable in the Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Côte d’Ivoire. In : M.L. (Eds.), Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes: prospects for fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru Hyderabad, India, December 12-15,200 Drukkerij Geers, Gent, Belgium, 287-289 (2007) @No $ @ @  Srinivasan R., Integrated Pest Management for eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) in south and southeast Asia: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Biopesticides, 1(2), 105-112 (2008) @No $ @ @  Singh, S. V., Singh, K. S and Malik, Y. P., Seasonal abundance and economic losses of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis on brinjal .Indian Journal of Entomology,62 (3), 247-252 (2000) @No $ @ @  Douan B.G., Doumbia M., Kra K.D., Kwadjo K.E., Martel V. and Dagnogo M., Comparaison de la dynamique des populations de Spodopteralittoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) à celles de deux lépidoptères du chou dans le District d’Abidjan en Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 17 (1), 2412-2424 (2013) @No $ @ @  Goué Z.S., Distribution des insectes en fonction de la phénologie du riz (OryzasativaL.) en zone ouest montagneuse de Côte d’Ivoire. Mémoire de DEA, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny-Abidjan, 61, (2012) @No $ @ @  Pollet A., Les ravageurs du maïs en Côte d’ivoire, Données qualitative et quantitative pour la Basse Côte, Cahier. O.R.S.T.O.M., sér. Biol, 13(1), 71-85 (1978) @No $ @ @  Humayun J., Physico-morphic variations amongbrinjal cultivars against Leucinodes orbonalis guenee (pyralidae: lepidoptera) and its management with different techniques, Thesis of Entomology, 346, (2012) @No $ @ @  Shukla A. and Khatri S.N., Incidence and abondance of brinjal shoot and fruit borer Leucinodesorbonalis Guenee The Biescan, (5)2, 305-308 (2010) @No $ @ @  Sunil KG and Senapati S.K., Seasonal fluctuation in the population of Leucinodesorbonalis Guen, in the sub-himalayan region of West Bengal, India and it control on eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) Precision Agriculture,10 (5), 443-449 (2009) @No $ @ @  Shukla R.P., Population fluctuation of Leucinodesorbonalis and Amrascabiguttula on brinjal (Solanummelongena) in relation to abioticfactors in Meghalaya. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 59(4), 260-264 (1989) @No $ @ @  Mathur A., Singh N.P., Meena M. and Singh S.,  Seasonal incidence and  effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of major insect pests on brinjalcrop J. Environ. Res. Develop., 7(1), 431-435 (2012) @No $ @ @  Tariq M. K.,  Mahmood K., Mohammad F. Ch  and Mohammad A., Correlation between brinjal fruit borer infestation and abiotic factors, Paskistan J. Agric. Res., 13 (1), 66-70 (1992) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of Patients Awareness towards Pharmacotherapy and their Sources of Drug information in different areas of Hyderabad, Pakistan<#LINE#>Saleem@Hina,Ghoto@MuhammadAli,Memon@Naheed,Dayo@Abdullah,Suheryani@Imran,Shafique.Madihakhan@Shumaila,Arain@MudassarIqbal<#LINE#>56-59<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-117.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sindh Jamshoro, PAKISTAN Dow College of Pharmacy, @ Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>17/6/2015<#LINE#>22/7/2015<#LINE#>Drug Information is very important for safe and effective use of medication as well as to avoid from medication errors. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of patient regarding his prescribed medication. In this questionnaire based study data was collected by face to face interview of the patients including both male and females of age between18-60 years. Total 467 patients were interviewed of which 317 (67.9%) patients received drug related information verbally, 110 (23.6%) in written form and remaining 5.1% in both verbal as well as in written. Furthermore 90.8% drug information is given by physician, only 2.6% by pharmacist, and remaining 6.6% by family and friends.It was also observed that only 66.8% patients read the medication leaflets, but most of them have some difficulty in understanding language, technical terms, and font size of medication leaflets. So it is concluded in this study that patients were not well aware of their prescribed medications use and they were also unable to comprehend medicine leaflets due to complex terminology and also font size. 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