@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Medicinal Importance of Cucurbitaceous Crops<#LINE#>N.S@Khulakpam,V.@Singh,D.K@Rana<#LINE#>1-3<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-044.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Horticulture, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, INDIA <#LINE#>3/4/2015<#LINE#>11/5/2015<#LINE#>The role of different vegetables in human life is very valuable to the all biotic and a biotic races, so for as the natural healing power of vegetables. It appears that in ancient times, India was far-advanced in health knowledge then other country of the words. The medicinal importance of vegetables is known the peoples at the time of immemorial, there are altos of books were written and describe the medicinal value of vegetables viz., Rig Veda one of them that describe the medicinal importance of vegetables. However the people totally ignore the hidden power of these vegetables, the main advantage of these vegetable medicines is accurate and no side effects of after effect like antibiotics of modern medicines. Vegetables are used as tonics, antioxidants, cooling, digestive, laxative, diuretic etc.  But its progress is far behind as compared to other system of treatment; because most of the people cannot recognize, so that they are not utilized the medicinal properties of these vegetables. Vegetables are used as a medicine and cooking purpose for centuries. Vegetables are a rich source of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, amino acids and minerals like. Iron, Potassium and Magnesium etc., they are directly involved in the metabolism of human body. The cucurbitaceae crop is rich in nutritional value as well as medicinal values like. night-blindness, dropsy, anthelmintic, gonorrhea diseases, peptic ulcer, haemoptysis, respiratory trouble, haemorrhoids, leprosy, splenitis, heart disease etc. these are cured by cucurbitaceae crops. Cucurbites indirectly act as an alternative source of medicinal drugs, which are easily available in natural habitat and also in wild forms. In the several dicates there has been incredibly increase in the use of vegetables based health products in different countries especially in developed countries because of their advances techniques. Hence during upcoming time by analyzing these plants for available bioactive contents they may be introduced as future herbal medicine. <#LINE#> @ @ Shrivastava J., Lambart J. and Vietmeyer N., Medicinal Plants: An expanding role in development, World Bank Technical paper, 320 (1996) @No $ @ @ Fallah H.S.M., Alavian H.R., Heydari M.R. and Abolmaali K., The efficacy of liv-0 on liver cirrhotic patients: A randomised double blind placebo-controlled first approach, Phytomedicine, 12(9), 619–625 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vijayan A., Liju V.B., Reena John J.V., Parthipan B. and Renuka C., Traditional remedies of Kani tribes of Kottor reserve forest Agasthavanam, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerela, Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 6(4), 589-594 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tijani Y., Uguru M.O. and Salawu O.A., Anti-pyretic, anti-inflamatory and anti-diarrhoel properties of Faidherbia albida in rats, African J. Biotech.,7(6), 696-700 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rahman A.S.H., Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) a vegetable for good health, National Product Radiance, 2, 249-250 (2003) @No $ @ @ Duke J.A., Handbook of Phytochemical and Constituents of Grass Herbs and other Economic Plants, CRC Press, Boco Raton, 98-119 (1999) @No $ @ @ Singh A.J., Vegetable in Manipur. Ruby Press and Co. nd Edt, 104-105 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chauhan D.V.S., Vegetable Production in India, Ram Prasad and Sons, Agra, India, (1972) @No $ @ @ Morie D.S., A Book on Tribal Medicine, Society for promotion of waste land development, New Delhi (1985) @No $ @ @ Khana G., Herbal Remedies, A Hand Book of Folk Medicine, Tarang paperbacks, New Delhi (1982) @No
<#LINE#>Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Black Fonio (Digitaria iburua) and White Fonio (Digitaria exili)<#LINE#>Sadiq@IdrisZ.,S.A.@Maiwada,D.@Dauda,Y.M.@Jamilu,M.A.@Madungurum<#LINE#>4-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-050.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Biotech, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Knowledge park III, Greater Noida, Gautam Budha Nagar, INDIA @ Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano-NIGERIA <#LINE#>9/4/2015<#LINE#>14/5/2015<#LINE#>A comprehensive study was carried out to compare the nutritive value of black and white Fonio, both of which are of West African origin. Standard methods of analysis was used to analyses the proximate and some mineral composition of the both grains. The nutritive value such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, moisture and ash content was determined. Minerals such as sodium and potassium were determined using flame photometry; while zinc, iron and calcium were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The result shows that black Fonio contains 8.75% crude protein, 4.00% crude fat, 1.03% crude fiber, 76.91% carbohydrate, 2.31% ash, 7.00 % moisture, sodium (Na) 30mg/100g, potassium (K) 8.45mg/100g, calcium (Ca) 30.00mg/100g, Iron (Fe) 2.75mg/100g, Zinc (Zn) 0.75mg/100g while that of white Fonio was found to contained 7.11% crude protein, 3.00% crude fat, 0.79%crude fiber, 79.72% carbohydrate, 2.13% ash, 7.00% moisture, sodium (Na) 20.00mg/100g, Potassium (K) 5.40mg/100g, Calcium (Ca) 20.00mg/100g, Iron (Fe) 1.10mg/100g, Zinc (Zn) 0.65mg/100g. The result shows that black Fonio is more nutritive than the white Fonio. <#LINE#> @ @ Vietmeyer N.D., Borlaugh N.E., Axtell J., Burton G.W., Harlan J.R. and Rachie K.O., (Ed) Fonio (Acha). Lost crop in Africa Chap. 3, BOSTID Publication, 58-75 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kuta D. D., Kwon-Ndung E., Dachi S., Ukwungwu M. and Imolehin E.D., Potential role of biotechnology tools for genetic improvement of lost crops of Africa: The case of Fonio (Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua), Mini review, Afr J Biotechnol., , 580-585 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ntui V.O., Thirukkumaran G., Azadi P., Khan R.S., Nakamura I. and Mii M., Stable integration and expression of wasabi defensin gene in “Egusi” melon Colocynthis citrullus L.) confers resistance to Fusarium wilt and Alternaria leaf spot, Plant Cell Rep., 29, 943-954 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kuta D.D., Kwon-Ndung E., Dachi S., Bakare O. and Ogunkanmi L.A., Optimization of protocols for DNA extraction and RAPD analysis in West African Fonio Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua) germplasm characterization,  Afr. J. Biotechnol.,, 1368-1371 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kjeldahl J., Determination of Protein Nitrogen in Food Products, Ency. Food. Sci., 439-441 (1883) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C., Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists13th edition. Washington, D. C (1980) @No $ @ @ AOAC, ISO, AACC, AOCS, The determination of crude fiber in food using the Standard Fibrecap, 2021/2023 (2000) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C., Official methods of analysis of the Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, D.C (1970) @No $ @ @ Mason W.B., Flame Photometry, Clinical Chemistry, Principle and Techniques, Richard J.H, Donald C.C and James W.W. 2nd edition, Harpers and Row Publishers London, 49-64 (1974) @No $ @ @ Gul S. and Safdar M., Proximate Composition and Mineral Analysis of Cinnamon, Pak. J. of Nutr., 8, 1456-1460 (2009) @No $ @ @ Allen S.E, Max H.G, John A.P and Christopher Q., Chemical Analysis of Ecological materials, Black well Scientific Publishing, London, 12-234 (1974) @No $ @ @ Vanli J.C., Atomic Absorption spectrometry. Analytical atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Academic press, Inc. Orlando, Florida, 11-293 (1980) @No $ @ @ CIRAD, European Commission Research Headlines: Research project brings African grain to European tables, http://inco-fonio-en.cirad.fr/coordination. Accessed 12 may 2010, (2006) @No $ @ @ Jideani I.A. and Jideani V.A., Developments on the cereal grains Digitaria exilis (acha) and Digitaria iburua(iburu), J Food Sci. Technol.,48, 251-259 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kasarda D.D., Grains in relation to celiac disease, Cereal Foods World, 46, 209–210 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kahlon T.S., Evaluating healthful properties of cereals and cereal fractions by their bile-acid-binding potential, Cereal Foods World, 54, 118–121 (2009) @No $ @ @ Walravens P.A., Hambidge K.M. and Koepfer D.M., Zinc supplementation in infants with a nutritional pattern of failure to thrive: A double-blind, controlled study, Pediatrics, 83, 532-538 (1989) @No $ @ @ Glew R.S., Amoako-Atta B., Ankar-Brewoo G., PresleyJ., Chuang L-T., Millson M., Smith B.R. and Glew R.H., Furthering an understanding of West African plant foods: Mineral, fatty acid and protein content of seven cultivated indigenous leafy vegetables of Ghana, British Food Journal, 112, 1102-1111 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chibbar R.N., Ganeshan S., Båga M. and Khandelwal R. L., Carbohydrate metabolism. In Encyclopedia of Grain Science, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, , 168-179 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ballogou V.Y., Soumanou M.M., Toukourou F. and Hounhouigan J.D, Structure and Nutritional Composition of Fonio (Digitaria exilis) Grains, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., , 73-79 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Trees and Shrubs of Saharanpur, Botanical Garden, India<#LINE#>Malik@Vijai<#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-052.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur, U.P. INDIA <#LINE#>11/4/2015<#LINE#>21/5/2015<#LINE#>The study records the occurrence and enumeration of 235 dendroids belonging to 168 genera and 39 families in Saharanpur Botanical Garden. Out of the 235 species reported, trees are represented by 173 plants followed by 59 shrubs and 3 climbers. Moraceae are having the predominance in this garden. <#LINE#> @ @ Jain S.K. and Rao R.R., A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods, Today and Tomorrows Pub., New Delhi, (1978) @No $ @ @ Duthie J.F., Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain and of the Adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tract, Calcutta, India, (1903-1929) @No $ @ @ Hooker J.D., The Flora of British India, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India, (1876) @No $ @ @ Brandis D., Indian Trees (Rep. Ed. 1921)  London, (1906) @No $ @ @ Maheshwari J.K., The flora of Delhi, CSIR, New Delhi, (1963) @No $ @ @ http://delta-intkey.com, (2015) @No $ @ @ Kanjilal U.N., Forest flora of Chakrata, Dehradun and Saharanpur forest division. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal  Singh, Dehradun, (1928) @No $ @ @ Khanna K.K., Endemic plants of Uttar Pradesh (Angiosperms), Phytotaxonomy, 1, 71-75 (2001) @No $ @ @ Srivastava S.K., Plant diversity and conservation strategies of Uttar Pradesh, Phytotaxonomy, 11, 45-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Malik V., Mohammad I. and Pranita, Enumeration of exotic plants of western Uttar Pradesh, Indian Forester, 138(11), 1033-1040 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Optimization of Fermentation parameters for Enhanced production of Lipase from lipolytic Pseudomonas spp.<#LINE#>V.S.@Vishwe,S.P.@Vaidya,A.S.@Chowdhary<#LINE#>16-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-056.pdf<#LINE#>Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, A.D.Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>15/4/2015<#LINE#>21/5/2015<#LINE#>\Lipases (Triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are enzymes which catalyze the enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into diacylglycerol and fatty acids. Lipases are one of the most important enzymes that are used in various industries like Detergent, Food, Leather, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals, etc. Though various organisms used for the production and purification of lipase for industrial applications, Pseudomonas spp. remains considerably less explored. The present study thus explores the ability of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from oil contaminated soil samples for production of extracellular lipase enzyme. For the present study, 29 oil contaminated soil samples were collected from different regions of Pune, Solapur and Mumbai. Total 50 lipolytic Pseudomonas spp. were isolated by using Tributyrin agar medium containing Rhodamine B. Isolate showing maximum lipase activity (SP45) was then selected for further optimization studies. During optimization of fermentation parameters, SP45 showed optimum lipase activity of 50.4967 U/ml when Glucose was used as a carbon source, while lipase activity of 61.6567 U/ml was observed when Yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source. On optimizing the pH and incubation temperature of the fermentation medium, SP45 showed maximum lipase activity of 66.2567 U/ml in fermentation medium of pH 7at 37C. <#LINE#> @ @ Sharma R., Chisti Y. and Banerjee U., Production, purification, characterization, and applications of lipases, Research Review Paper, Biotechnol. Adv. 19, 627–662(2001) @No $ @ @ Verma N., Thakur S. and Bhatt A.K., Microbial Lipases: Industrial Applications and Properties, A Review, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. 1(8), 88-92 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aravindan R., Anbumathi P. and Viruthagiri T., Lipase applications in food industry, A Review, Indian J. Biotechnol., , 141-158 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharma D., Sharma B. and Shukla A., Biotechnological Approach of Microbial Lipase, A Review, Biotechnology, 10(1), 23-40 (2011) @No $ @ @ Santhini K., Myla J., Sajani S. and Usharani G., Screening of Micrococcus Sp. from Oil Contaminated Soil with Reference to Bioremediation, Bot. Res. Int., 2(4), 248-252 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sirisha E., Rajasekar N. and Lakshmi Narasu M., Isolation and Optimization of Lipase Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soils, Advan. Biol. Res., 4(5), 249-252 (2010) @No $ @ @ Selva Mohan T., Palavesam A. and Immanvel G., Isolation and characterization of lipase-producing Bacillus strains from oil mill waste, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(15), 2728-2735 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pratt J., Cooley J., Purdy C. and Straus D., Lipase Activity from Strains of Pasteurella multocida, Curr. Microbiol., 40, 306–309 (2000) @No $ @ @ Amara A.A. and Salem S.R., Degradation of Castor Oil and Lipase Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Am-Euras. J. Agric. and Environ. Sci., 5(4), 556-563 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra A., Yaginik S., Mishra P. and Yadav S., Screening and Temperature Optimization for Lipase-Producing Bacteria from Waste Contaminated Water, Asian J. Biochem. Pharm. Res., 1(1), 62-69 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Extraction of Chitosan from Bionectria sps, Study of its Bioactivity and dye degradation ability<#LINE#>NThinesh@Kumar,B.@Krishnaveni,Kumar.V@Senthil<#LINE#>22-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-057.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Co-Education Arts and Science College, Perundurai, Erode, INDIA <#LINE#>17/4/2015<#LINE#>29/4/2015<#LINE#>  Recent advances in fermentation technology have led to new innovative techniques to obtain useful by-products from various soil microbes. Bionectria CBNR KRRR, isolated from the marine soils of Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu was used for the economic production of Chitosan using Hesseltine and Anderson medium. The polysaccharides were extracted by alkali-acid treatment, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The highest growth rate was with Henderson and Anderson medium with a mycelial dry weight of 6.45g/L. The best yield of the chitosan so obtained is (31 mg/g or 3.1%). The antimicrobial activity of Chitosan was tested against E.coli and S.aureus using Growth kinetics. It was found that the Extracted Chitosan have antimicrobial activity comparable to the Commercial Chitosan as well as the standard antibiotic used. Subsequently the extracted Chitosan was also tested for its photocatalytic ability to degrade dye-methylene blue and was found to exhibit 93.5% inhibition in 72 hours. <#LINE#> @ @ Muzzarelli R.A.A., Chitin, New York: Peramon Press, (1977) @No $ @ @ Gupta K.C., Ravi Kumar M.N., Drug release behavior of beads and microgranules of chitosan, Biomaterials. 21, 1115-9 (2000) @No $ @ @ Richardson S.C., Kolbe, H.V., Duncan R., Potential of low molecular mass chitosan as a DNA delivery system:    biocompatibility, body distribution and ability to complex and protect DNA, Int. J. Pharm178,231-43 (1999) @No $ @ @ Uchegbu I.F., Schatzlein A.G., Tetley, L., et al., Chitin: New facets of research, Science 212: 744-753, or Drug Delivery, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 50, 453-458 (1988) @No $ @ @ Austin, R.R, Brine C.J., Castle J.E. and Zikakis J.P., Chitin: New facets of research, Science, 212, 744-753. (1981) @No $ @ @ Chen M. C., Yeh G.H. and Chiang B.H., Antimicrobial and Physicochemical, Properties of Methylcellulose and Chitosan Films Containing a Preservative, J. Food Proc. Preserve., 20(5), 275-390 (1996) @No $ @ @ Fernandes J.C., Tavaria F.K.. and Soares J.C. et al., Antimicrobial Effects of Chitosans and Chitooligosaccharides upon Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Food Model Systems, Food Microbiol., 25, 922-928. (2008) @No $ @ @ Masson M., Holappa J. and Hjálmarsdóttir et al., Carbohyd. Polym., 74, 566-571. (2008) @No $ @ @ X. Luo, Y. Zhan and Y. Huang, et al., Removal of water-soluble acid dyes from water environment using a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer, J. of Hazard. Mater., 187, 274. (2011) @No $ @ @ Dogan M., Abak H. and Alkan M., Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: Kinetics, mechanisms and activation parameters, J. of Hazard. Mater., 164, 172 (2009) @No $ @ @ G. Crini., PM. Badot., Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide process using batch studies: A review of recent literature, Prog. Polym. Sci., 33, 399. (2008) @No $ @ @ Roberts, George A.F. Chitin Chemistry. London, MacMillan Press, 350 p. ISBN 0-33-352417-9, (1992) @No $ @ @ Synowiecki., Józef., Al-Khatteb., Nadia Ali Abdul., Mycelia of Mucor rouxii as a source of chitin and chitosan, Food Chemistry, 60,605-610 (1997) @No $ @ @ Thayza Christina., Montenegro Stamford., Tânia Lucia Montenegro Stamford., et al., Growth of Cunninghamella elegans UCP 542 and production of chitin and chitosan using yam bean medium , Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 10,61-68. (2007) @No $ @ @ Andrade, V.S., Neto, B.B., Souza, W., Campos-Takaki, G.M., A factorial designs analysis of chitin production by Cunninghamella elegans, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 46, 1042-1045. (2001) @No $ @ @ Amorim., Rosa Valéria da Silva., De Souza., Wanderley., et al., Faster chitosan production by Mucoralean strains in submerged culture, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,32, 20-23, (2001) @No $ @ @ Franco., Luciana de Oliveira., Stamford, Thayza Christina Montenegro., et al., Cunningamella elegans(IFM 46109) como fonte de quitina e quitosana’, Revista Analytica, 4,40-44. (2005) @No $ @ @ Pochanavanich, P., Suntornsuk, W., Fungal chitosan production and its characterization, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35, 17-21. (2002) @No $ @ @ M. Masihul Alam., Md. Tanvir Sarwar., Alamgir Z. Chowdhury., et al., Comparative study of antibacterial activity of narrow-spectrum antibiotic and chemically treated chitosan prepared from giant freshwater prawn waste, As. J. 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<#LINE#>Standardization of different Chemicals for Bleaching of Prepared Leaf Skeletons for Dry Flower arrangements<#LINE#>Saima@Mir,Jana@MM<#LINE#>29-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-058.pdf<#LINE#>National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan Road Pune 411008, INDIA <#LINE#>18/4/2015<#LINE#>10/5/2015<#LINE#>Dried or preserved plant materials complement any home decor in both formal and informal arrangements unlike fresh flowers dried flowers last almost indefinitely, if carefully preserved and require very little care. Beautifully arranged dried flowers may be a little bit expensive, but they are quite long lasting and can even last for many years. Preparing leaf skeletons and showcase them in natural form is an interesting art. Dried leaf skeletons can add more importance to dry flower industry. Skeleton zed leaf is purely cellulose in which some of the leaves look like fabric, some like lacework, silk or organza and some like paper which are quite durable. The leaf skeletons can be prepared and preserved by various techniques for their future use in crafting of beautiful flowers and many other decorative articles. Present study describes the use of various chemicals for removal of unwanted color from prepared venation skeletons.  <#LINE#> @ @ Jean L. and Lesley G, The complete guide to drying and preserving flowers, Webb and Bower Ltd, England, (1982) @No $ @ @ Joyce D.C., Dried and preserved ornamental plant material not new, but often overlooked and underrated, Acta Horticulturae,454, 133-145 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ranjan J.K. and Misra S., Dried flowers: a way to enjoy their beauty for a long period, Indian Horticulture, 46, 32-33 (2002) @No $ @ @ Saima et al., Standardization of preservation techniques of natural leaves for dry flower arrangements, Current Horticulture, 2347-7377 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bale Sharon, Preserving Flowers and Foliages, college of Agriculture University of Kentucky, (2006) @No $ @ @ Bernard Zeelie. Ella-christine Maske and Shawn Gouws, Preservation of plant material, (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of Season and Planting Method on Seed Quality of Grain Amaranthus<#LINE#>Manikandan@S.,Srimathi@P.<#LINE#>33-35<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-059.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>14/4/2015<#LINE#>11/5/2015<#LINE#>The present investigation on season and planting method on seed quality of grain amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) Cv. suvarna was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore. The results revealed that seed production could be taken up both in kharif and summer. Among them kharif crop recorded 10.4 % increased yield than summer with transplanting of seedlings of 12 days old would be optimum for enhancing the productivity of the grain amaranthus seed crop. <#LINE#> @ @ Sounders R.M. and Becker R., Amaranthus: a potential food and feed resource, Adv. Cereal Sci. Technol.,6, 357–396 (1983) @No $ @ @ ISTA, International rules for seed testing, Seed Science and Tech.,21, 34-35 (1999) @No $ @ @ Abdul-Baki A.A. and Anderson J.D., Vigour Determination in Soybean Seed by Multiple Criteria, Crop Sci.,13, 360-363 (1973) @No $ @ @ Alikhan S.T. and Youngs C.G., Variation in protein content of field peas, Journal. Pl. Sci., 53, 37-41 (1973) @No $ @ @ Panse V.G and Sukhatme P.V., Statistical methods for agricultural workers, ICAR, Publication, New Delhi, 327-340 (1985) @No $ @ @ Srimathi P., A study on seed production, processing and storage in cow pea. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, (1982) @No $ @ @ Reshma C., Studies on seed maturation, production, processing and storage of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus L. Killd). cv. TNDV1. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, (2001) @No $ @ @ Thiagarajan C.P., Studies on certain aspects of production, processing and storage of chilli (Capscum annum L.) seed. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, (1983) @No $ @ @ Selvaraj J.A., Studies on certain aspects of production, processing, and storage of brinjal. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimatore, (1984) @No $ @ @ Rajan S. and Rajan N., Interaction between date of planting and fertilizer dose on yield and quality, Seed Tech News,24(4), 49 (1994) @No $ @ @ Jana J.C., Thapa U. and Maity T.K., Green and seed yield of palak as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, Vegetable sci.,26(1), 61-63 (2002) @No $ @ @ Agble F., The effect of transplanting age and seasons on tomato production,Ghana Jnl agric. Sci., 7-10 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jule Jankauskiene, Effect of transplant growth stage on tomato productivity, Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 12(2), 143-152 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Ethnobotanical Study of Plants of Raigarh Area, Chattisgarh, India<#LINE#>Upasana@Singh,A.K.@Bharti<#LINE#>36-43<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-060.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Dr. C.V. Raman University Kota, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA @ Department of Botany, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh, CG, INDIA <#LINE#>20/4/2015<#LINE#>21/5/2015<#LINE#>The ethnobotanical study was conducted in different area of Raigarh district of CG. (India). The paper reports was documented of ethnobotanical use of 89 plant species are described in which different parts of plants are used for different purposes by  people for example medicine ,food ,fodder, furniture, fiber, cosmetics etc. The aim of the present survey is to highlight that local people knowledge and culture can play important role in resource management and to focus on the diversity of ethnobotanical plants for future use and provide the framework to aware the people how to use plants to solve different type of problem.   <#LINE#> @ @ Principle P., Monetizing the Pharmacological Benefits of plants. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1991, (2005) @No $ @ @ Lewis W.H. and Elwin Lewis M.P., Medical Botany Plants Affecting Human Health, John Wiley and sons, New York, 812, (2003) @No $ @ @ Singh K.K., Saha S and Maheshwari J.K., Ethnobotanical use  of some fern amongst the Tribal area of Utter Pradesh, Indian fern Journal,6, 66-67 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dhiman, A.K. Ethnobotanical uses of some Pteridophytic species in India, Indian Fern Journal,15, 61-65 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sikarwar, R.L.S., Ethno-Gynecological Uses of Plants New to INDIA, Ethno Botany, 14, (2002) @No $ @ @ Siva R., Status of Natural Dyes and Dye-Yielding Plants in India, Current Science, 32, (2007) @No $ @ @ Srivastava R, Tribals of Madhya Pradesh and Forest Bill of, Man in India, 1984, 64(3), 320-321 (1984) @No $ @ @ Russel RV and Hira Lal, The Tribes And cast of the Central Provinces of India, 4 Vols, Vol 1, Cosmo Publication, New Delhi, (2007) @No $ @ @ Bajpai H.R. and Mishra M., Problem and prospective primitive hill Korwa tribe. Vanyajati, 45(1), 2-4 (1997) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, traditional medicine strategy report, WHO, Rome, (1992) @No $ @ @ Cotton C.M. Ethnobotany. Principles and Applications John Wiley and Sons Inc, (1996) @No $ @ @ Cunninqham A.B.,. Applied Ethnobotany. People wild Plant use and Conservation manual, Earths can, Landon, (2001) @No $ @ @ Kamboj V.P., Curr. Sci, 78(1), 35-39 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hooker J.D., Flora of British India (Vol I-VII). L.Reeve and Co. Ltd, England, (1875) @No $ @ @ Sharma R., Medicinal plants of India- An Encyclopedia, Daya publishing House, Delhi, India, (2003) @No $ @ @ Trivedi PC, Medicinal plants: ethnobotanical approach Agrobios publication, (2006) @No $ @ @ Pullaiah T, Encyclopedia of world medicinal plants, regency publication New Delhi, Int, J. Med. Arom. Plants, 2(2), (2006) @No $ @ @ Ayyanar M. Ignacimuthu S, Traditional knowledge of Kani tribals in kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Naidu, India journal of ethnopharmacology,102, 246-55 (2005) @No $ @ @ Balkrishanan V, Ravindran K.C. Robinson J.P., Ethnobotanical studies among Villagers from Dharapuram Taluk, Tamil Naidu, India Global Journal of Pharmacology,3(1), 08-14 (2009) @No $ @ @ Patel D.K, Medicinal plants in GGV campus  Bilaspur, C.G. in central India, (2012) @No $ @ @ Jain SK, Dictionary of Indian folk medicine and ethnobotany, Deep publication, New Delhi, India, (1991) @No $ @ @ Tirkey A, Some Ethnobotanical Plant Species of Chhattisgarh State, Ethnobotany,16, 118-124 (2004) @No $ @ @ Biswas T.K. and Mukherjee B., Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review, International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds,2, 25-39 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kala C.P., Local Preferences of Ethno-Botanical Species in the Indian Himalaya: Implications for Environmental Conservation, Current Science,93, 1828-1834 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Length-Weight Relationship of Catlacatla (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Harike wetland (Ramsar Site), Punjab, India<#LINE#>OnkarSingh@Brraich,Lakhwinder@Kaur<#LINE#>44-47<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-061.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, INDIA <#LINE#>22/4/2015<#LINE#>7/5/2015<#LINE#>Harike wetland (Ramsar site) is an internationally important aquatic ecosystem. This water body is widely known for its commercial fishery resources as many fishermen and their families are dependent on this for their livelihood. Fishery resources from natural aquatic ecosystems are depleting with a very fast pace due to various anthropogenic activities. Harike wetland possessing wide array of fish biodiversity but the important commercial fishes are depleting with a very fast rate due to loss of habitat, discharge of industrial effluents, municipality sewerages, pollution from surface runoff, addition of solid waste, etc. It is observed that the catch of commercial fish Catla catla is depleting drastically from this wetland hence study of length-weight relationship has been conducted to know the present status of the fish. The coefficient correlation (r) was found to be 0.94 indicating a significant linear relationship of length and weight. The exponent value ‘b’ = 3.2028 was indicating positive allometric growth from this wetland. <#LINE#> @ @ LeCren E.D., The Length-Weight Relationship and Seasonal Cycle in Gonad Weight and Condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis), J. Anim. Ecol., 20(2), 201-219 (1951) @No $ @ @ Tandon K.K., Use of ‘n’ value of the length relationship in the determination of spawning seasons in Searoides leptolepis (Cuv. and Val.), Sci. and Cult., 27, 308 (1961) @No $ @ @ Tandon K.K., Johal M.S. and Kaur J., On the systematics, age and growth of Labeo dero from Gobind Sagar, Himachal Pradesh, India, Vest. Cs. Spolec. Zool., 53, 54-65 (1989) @No $ @ @ Johal M.S. and Kingra J.S., Length-weight relationship of three Indian major carps from Jaisamand lake, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Bioved., 3(1), 55-56 (1992) @No $ @ @ Johal M.S., Negi R.K. and Onkar S., Length-weight relationship of golden mahseer Tor putitora (Hamilton) from pong dam reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, J. Zool., 25(1), 85-88 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kolher N., Casey J. and Turner P., Length-weight relationships for 13 species of sharks from western North Atlantic, Fish. Bull., 93, 412-418 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mraz D., Age, growth, sex ratio and maturity of white fish in central green bay and adjacent waters of lake Michigan, U.S., Fish Wildl. Ser. Fish. Bull., 63(3), 619-634 (1964) @No $ @ @ Esmaeili H.R. and Ebrahimi M., Length-weight relationships of some freshwater fishes of Iran, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 22, 328-329 (2006) @No $ @ @ Negi R.K. and Negi T., Length-weight relationship of Puntius conchonius (Ham.) from lakes of Kumaon Himalaya, Uttarkhand State, India, Pb Univ. Res. J. (Sci.)., 59, 71-75 (2009) @No $ @ @ Negi R.K. and Negi T., Length-weight relationship of snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand State, India, Uttar Pradesh, J. Zool., 30(3), 359-363 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rawal Y.K., Kaur A. and Kaur A., Analysis of Lengthweight relationship and condition factor of Tor putitora(Hamilton) and Labeo dero (Hamilton) from Nangal Wetland, Punjab, India, Int. J. Sci. and Res., 2(8), 268-271 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hashemi S.A., Ghorbani R., Kymaram F., Hossini S.A., Eskandari G. and Hedayati A., Length-weight relationships for some fish species from Shadegan wetland, Global Adv. Res. J. Food Sci.Tech., 3(2), 076-083 (2014) @No $ @ @ Rajbanshi V.K., Sharma L.L., Jayapala P. and Sharma O.P., Studies on the growth and condition factor of a pond reared juvenile major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.), Ad. Bios., 3(1), 11-15 (1984) @No $ @ @ Kartha K.N. and Rao K.S., Length-weight and length maximum girth relationship C. catla (Ham.) in commercial landing of Gandhi sagar reservoir, Fish. Tech., 27, 155-156 (1990) @No $ @ @ Salam A., Naeem M. and Kauser S., Weight Length and Condition Factor relationship of a fresh water wild Puntius chola from Islamabad, Pakistan, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 8(8), 1112-1114 (2005) @No $ @ @ Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K., Age growth and length-weight relationship of Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala (Pisces) from Sukhna Lake Chandigarh (India), Vestn. Cesk. Spol. Zool., 47, 87-98 (1983) @No $ @ @ Moratoa T., Afonsoa P., Lourinhoa P., Barreirosb J.P., Santosa R.S. and Nashc R.D.M., Length-weight relationships for 21 coastal fish species of the Azores, north-eastern Atlantic, Fish. Res., 50, 297-302 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pantulu V.R., Determination of age and growth of Mystus gulio (Ham.) by the use of pectoral spines with observations on its biology and fishery in the Hooghly estuary, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 27(4), 198-225 (1961) @No $ @ @ Sinha M., Observations on the biology of Puntius sarana(Hamiliton) of Loni reservoir (M.P.), J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, IV, 122-131 (1972) @No $ @ @ Naeem M. and Salam A., Morphometric study of fresh water Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from Pakistan in relation to body size, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 8(5), 759-762(2005) @No $ @ @ Ujjania N.C., Kohli M.P.S. and Sharma L. L., Lengthweight relationship and condition factors of Indian major carps (C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala) in Mahi Bajaj Sagar, India, Res. J. Biol., 2(1), 30-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarkar U.K., Khan G.E., Dabas A., Pathak A.K., Mir J.I., Rebello S.C., Pal A. and Singh S.P., Length weight relationship and condition factor of selected freshwater fish species found in River Ganga, Gomti and Rapti, India, J. Environ. Bio.,  34, 951-956 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jhingran V.G., General length-weight relationship of three major carps of India, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci.  India, 18(5), 449-460 (1952) @No $ @ @ Natarajan A.V. and Jhingran A.G., On the biology of Catla catla (Ham.) from the river Jamuna, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 23B(3), 326-355 (1963) @No $ @ @ Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K., Age and growth of carp Catla catla (Ham., 1822) from the northern India, Fish. Res., 14, 83-90 (1992) @No $ @ @ Prasadam R.D., Observations on the biology of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) from the Pulicatlake, Madras, J. Inland Fish. Soc. India,72-78(1971) @No $ @ @ Thakur N.K. and Das N.K., Length-weight relationship of Heteropneustis fossilis (Bloch), J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, , 95-96 (1974) @No $ @ @ Kumara R.S.D. and Nair N.B., Length-weight relationship of the Loaches, Noemacheilus triangularis(Day) and Lepidocephalus thermalis (Cuv. and Val.), Matsya, , 52-58 (1978) @No  
<#LINE#>Numerical Taxonomy of some members of Acanthoideae sensu Scotland and Vollesen (Acanthaceae) from North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India based on Gross Morphology and Pollen Characters<#LINE#>Saikat@Naskar<#LINE#>48-55<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-062.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Department of Botany, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata- 700124, West Bengal, INDIA <#LINE#>24/4/2015<#LINE#>17/5/2015<#LINE#>Some members of Acanthoideae sensu Scotland and Vollesen from North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India have been classified following numerical taxonomic approach. Numerical taxonomic approach on Acanthoideae is rare. A total of 64 binary characters obtained from gross morphology and pollen morphology have been used for cluster analysis. Cluster analysis result shows remarkable differences of sub-tribal classification of Acanthoideae with that of previous phylogentic schemes. Besides Barleriinae no precise distinctions of Ruelliinae, Justiciinae and Andrographiinae are observed. Interestingly Phaulopsis-Rungia phenon has scored higher similarity value than the phenon of two species of same genus, i.e. Justicia adhatoda–J. gendarussa phenon. Finally two separate artificial keys are provided for identification purpose.<#LINE#> @ @ Long R.W., The genera of Acanthaceae in the southeastern United States, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 51, 257–309 (1970) @No $ @ @ Willis J. C., A dictionary of flowering plants and ferns. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1980) @No $ @ @ Mabberley D. J., Mabberley's Plant-Book- A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (2008) @No $ @ @ Lindau G., Acanthaceae, In: Engler A. and Prantl, K. (eds.), Die Natfirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 4 (3b), 274 - 353 (1895) @No $ @ @ Olmstead R.G., Bremer B., Scott K.M. and Palmer J.D., A Parsimony Analysis of the Asteridae Sensu Lato Based on rbcL Sequences, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 80, 700-722 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bremekamp C.E.B., Delimitation and subdivision of the Acanthaceae, Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India, , 21-30 (1965) @No $ @ @ Hedren M., Chase M.W. and Olmstead R.G., Relationships in the Acanthaceaea and related families as revealed by cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 194, 93 – 109 (1995) @No $ @ @ Scotland R.W., Sweere J.A., Reeves P.A. and Olmstead R.G. Higher-level systematics of Acanthaceae determined by chloroplast DNA sequences, American Journal of Botany, 82, 266-275 (1995) @No $ @ @ McDade L.A. and Moody M.L., Phylogenetic relationships among Acanthaceae: evidence from noncoding trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA sequences, American Journal of Botany, 86, 70-80 (1999) @No $ @ @ McDade L.A., Masta S.E., Moody M.L. and Waters E., Phylogenetic relationships among Acanthaceae: evidence from two genomes, Systematic Botany, 25, 106-121 (2000) @No $ @ @ Simpson M.G., Plant Systematics, Elsevier Academic Press (2006) @No $ @ @ Furness C.A.  and Grant M.C., Pollen morphology of some Ruellia species (Acanthaceae) from Africa and Madagascar, Grana, 35, 231 – 239 (1996) @No $ @ @ Carine M.A. and Scotland R.W., Pollen morphology of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from southern India and Sri Lanka, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology103, 143-165 (1998) @No $ @ @ Scotland R.W. and Vollesen K., Classification of Acanthaceae, Kew Bulletin, 55, 513-589 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rueangsawang K., Chantaranothai P. and Simpson D.A., Pollen morphology of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Thailand and its taxonomic value, Grana52, 275–288 2013) 16.Sneath P.H.A. and Sokal R.R., Numerical taxonomy, Nature, 193, 855-860 (1962) @No $ @ @ Sneath P.H.A and Sokal R.R., Numerical Taxonomy- The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification, W.H. Feeman Company, USA (1973) @No $ @ @ Harris J.G. and Harris M.W., Plant Identification Terminology- An Illustrated Glossary, 2nd ed. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, Utah (1999) @No $ @ @ Hesse A.H., Halbritter R., Zetter M., Weber M., Buchner R., Frosch-Radivo A. and Ulrich S., Pollen terminology an illustrated handbook, Springer Wien, New York (2009) @No $ @ @ Hammer Ø., PAST, ver. 3, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Antioxidant Properties of Fermented Sesame Milk Using Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13<#LINE#>Fitrotin@Ulyatu,Utami@Tyas,Hastuti@Pudji,Santoso@Umar<#LINE#>56-61<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-068.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>9/5/2015<#LINE#>17/5/2015<#LINE#>The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of sucrose addition on the growth of L. plantarum Dad 13 in sesame milk fermentation, -glucosidase activity, sesaminol triglucoside concentration and antioxidant properties of fermented sesame milk.  Sesame milk was extracted by blending 12% (w/v) sesame seed in water.  Fermentation was done by inoculation of L. plantarum Dad 13 to sesame milk with and without addition of sucrose (2% and 4% (w/v)) and incubation at 37°C for 18 h.  At the initial and end of fermentation, the viable cells, titratable acidity, pH, -glucosidase activity, sesaminol triglucoside concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that L. plantarum Dad 13 grew well in sesame milk with or without sucrose addition.  Addition of sucrose didn’t significantly affect the growth of bacteria, but increased production of acid.  Fermentation of sesame milk without sucrose addition showed a significantly greater -glucosidase activity than sesame milk with sucrose addition.  Fermentation of sesame milk without sucrose addition reduced the concentration of sesaminol triglucoside, increased total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of fermented sesame milk.  The highest antioxidant properties obtained in the sesame milk fermented without addition of sucrose. <#LINE#> @ @ Shahidi F., Antioxidant Activity of  White and Black Sesame Seeds and Their Hull fractions, J. Food Chem., 475-483 (2006) @No $ @ @ Fukuda Y., Studies on Antioxidative Substances in Sesame Seed, J. Agric. Biol Chem., (49), 301-306 (1985) @No $ @ @ Yoshida H., Tanaka M., Tomiyama Y., dan Mizushina Y., Antioxidan Distributions and Triacylglycerol Molecular Species of Sesame Seed (Sesamun indicum), J. Amer Oil Chem Soc., (84),165-172 (2007) @No $ @ @ Katsuzaki H., Osawa T. and Kawakishi S.K., Chemistry and Antioxidative Activity of Lignan Glucosides in Sesame Seed, In: Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention II, Ho C.T. Osawa T. Hung T. Eds.; American chemical Society, Washington, DC, Sym Ser.,(547), 275-280 (1994) @No $ @ @ Quasem  Jihad,  Ayman  S.M. and  Khaled A.A.,  Development Of Vegetable Based Milk From Decorticated Sesame (Sesamum indicum), American Journal of Applied Sciences,6(5), 888-896 (2009) @No $ @ @ Afaneh  I.,  Abu-Alruz K.,  Quasem J.M.,  Sundookah  Abbadi J., Allousi S. and Ayyad Z.,  Fundamental Elements to Produce Sesame Yoghurt from Sesame Milk, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(11), 1086-1092(2011) @No $ @ @ Tsangalis D., Ashton J. F., Stojanovska L., Wilcox G and Shah N.P., Development of an Isoflavone Aglycone-enriched Soymilk Using Soy Germ, Soy Protein Isolate and Bifidobacteria, Food Rest. Int., 37 301-312 (2002) @No $ @ @ Djafaar T.F.,  Umar S., Nur Cahyanto M., Takuya S., Endang S. R and Kosuke N.,  Effect of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Enrichment of Isoflavon and Antioxidant properties of Kerandang (Canavalia virosa) Extract, International Food Research Journal, 20(5), 2945-2950 (2013) @No $ @ @ AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis 18thed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC., (1990) @No $ @ @ Scalabrini  P.,  Rossi  M., Spettoli  P. and Matteuzi D., Characterisation of Bifidobacterium Strains for Use in Soymilk Fermentation,  Intern. Journal of Food Microbiology, (39), 213-219 (1998) @No $ @ @ Xu B. J. and Chang S. K. C., Effect of Soaking, Boiling and Steaming on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Cool Season Food Legumes, J. of Food Chemistry, (110), 1-13 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang J., Yuan X., Jin Z., Tian Y. and Song H., Free Radical and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activities of Peanut Skin Extract, Food Chemistry,(104), 242-250 (2007) @No $ @ @ Francisco M.L.L.D., Resureccion A.V.A., Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Heat-Treated peanut Skins, J. of Food Composition an Analysis,(22), 16-24 (2009) @No $ @ @ Moazzami A.A., Rolf E. and Afaf K.E.,  Characterization and Analysis of Sesaminol Diglucoside in Sesame Seeds,J. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.,70(6), 1478-1481(2006) @No $ @ @ Wankhede D.B. and Tharanathan R.N., Sesame Sesamun indicum) Carbohydrate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24(3) 655-659 (1976) @No $ @ @ Wheater D.M., The Characteristic of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. helveticus and L. casei, . Gen. Microbial., (12), 133-139 (1955) @No $ @ @ Pangastuti P.M., Utami T. and Rahayu E.S., Improvement of Physical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Fermented  Peanut (Arachis hypogeal L) Milk  by Lactobacillus acidhophillus SNP 2and Lactobacillus plantarum DAD 13. Proceeding 3rd IC ISLAB : Better Life with Lactic Acid Bacteria: Exploring Novel Function of Lactic Acid Bacteria, (2012) @No $ @ @ Lee K.W., Hans N.S. and Kim J.H., Purification and Characterization of Beta glucosidase from Weissela cibaria 37, J. of Microbiology Technology, 22(12), 1705-1713 (2012) @No $ @ @ Marazza J.A., Garro M.S. and de Giorri G.S., Aglycon Production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL981 during Soymilk Fermentation, Food Microbiology., (26), 333-339 (2010) @No $ @ @ Banu I., Vasilean I. and Aprodu I., Effect of Lactic Fermentation on Antioxidant Capacity of Rye Sourdough and Bread, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 16(6), 571-576 (2010) @No $ @ @ Coda R., Alessia L., Antonio T., Marco G. and Rafaella C., Yoghurt-like Beverages Made of Mixture of Cereals, Soy and Grape Must: Microbiology, Texture, Nutritional and Sensory Properties, Intern. J. of Food Microbiology, (30), 1-8 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Toxicological Studies of Herbal Anti-Tumor Extract (Uvaria Chamae) in Monosodium Glutamate and Tamoxifen Treated Sprague-Dawley Rat<#LINE#>Monday@Tola,S.A@Ojokuku,I.O@Ogunyemi,O.S@Odesanmi<#LINE#>62-68<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-072.pdf<#LINE#>Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemical Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, NIGERIA @ National Agency for Food and Drug, Administration and Control, Ilorin, NIGERIA @ Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, NIGERIA <#LINE#>10/5/2015<#LINE#>25/5/2015<#LINE#>  Tumor cases are being linked to diet, lack of physical activity and overweight with Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and Tamoxifen (TAM) playing some roles. 45 female rats, weighing between 80g – 120g were divided into 3 main groups. 20 of the rats received MSG of 150mg/kg body weight, another 20 rats received TAM of 20mg/kg body weight and the remaining 5 rats were the control group. This was done for 30 days after which the rats were divided into 4 – subgroups and were treated for 21 days with ethanolic extract of Uvaria Chamae. They were then sacrificed, blood samples were collected into plain bottles and organs were harvested into universal bottle (fixed in 10% formal saline) for histopathology. It was observed that the amount of antibodies bound by the tumor markers was very significant in the MSG and TAM controls compared to the normal control (no tumor inducer rat). Administration of Uvaria Chamae extract was observed to cause very significant reduction in values of CA 15-3, CA-125 and CEA in both MSG and TAM groups compared to the untreated control. From the histopathology results, necrosis was observed in both treated and untreated groups of MSG and TAM but was not observed in the micrograph of the normal control. This study shows increase in the tumor markers values after induction with MSG and TAM, but Uvaria Chamae extract significantly reduced all values of the cancer tumor markers. The micrograph result showed damages done to the liver (by MSG and TAM), and this could not be corrected with Uvaria Chamaeextract. <#LINE#> @ @ World Cancer Research Fund, WCFR (www.wcfr.org)., The Punch Newspaper, September 14th, (2011) @No $ @ @ Haran E.F., Maretzek A.F., Goldberg I., Horowitz A. and Degani H., Tamoxifen Enhances Cell Death in Implanted MCF7 Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Endothelium Growth, Cancer Res., 54, 5511–5514 (1994) @No $ @ @ Lindner D.J. and Borden E.C., Effects of tamoxifen and interferon-beta or the combination on tumor-induced angiogenesis, Int J Cancer., 71, 456–461 (1997) @No $ @ @ Guo Y., Mazar A.P., Lebrun J.J. and Rabbani S.A., An Antiangiogenic Urokinase-derived Peptide Combined with Tamoxifen Decreases Tumor Growth and Metastasis in a Syngenetic Model of Breast Cancer, Cancer Res., 62, 4678–4684(2002) @No $ @ @ Dabrosin C., Margetts P.J. and Gauldie J., Estradiol Increases Extracellular Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Vivo in Murine Mammary Cancer, Int J Cancer., 107, 535–540 (2003a) @No $ @ @ Dabrosin C., Palmer K., Muller W.J. and Gauldie J., Estradiol Promotes Growth and Angiogenesis in Polyoma Middle Transgenic Mouse Mammary Tumor Explants, Breast Cancer Res Treat., 78, 1–6 (2003b) @No $ @ @ Garvin S. and Dabrosin C., Tamoxifen Inhibits Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Breast Cancer In Vivo, Cancer Res., 63, 8742–8748 (2003) @No $ @ @ Elkin M., Orgel A. and Kleinman H.K., An Angiogenic Switch in Breast Cancer Involves Estrogen and Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1, J Natl Cancer Inst., 96, 875–878 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ates D.A. and Erdogrul O.T., Antimicrobial Activities of Various Medicinal and Commercial Plant Extracts, Turk, J. Biol., 27, 157-162(2003) @No $ @ @ Okogun J.I., Drug Production Efforts in Nigeria, Medicinal Chemistry Research and Missing Link, Being a Text of a Lecture given to the Nigeria Acad Sci., 29-52 (1985) @No $ @ @ Oliver B., Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa, Cambridge, 123-125 (1986) @No $ @ @ Irvin F.R., Woody Plants of Ghana with Special Reference to their Uses, Oxford University Press, London, 19, 20, 695 (1961) @No $ @ @ Okwu D.E. and Iroabuchi F., Classification of Uvaria Chamae, J.Chem Soc., Nigeria, 29(2), 112-114 (2004) @No $ @ @ Okwu D.E., Medicinal Properties of Uvaria ChamaeRoot, Stem and Leaves, Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol., 1(1), 90-96 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bolarin D.M. and Bolarin A.T., Revision Note on Chemical Pathology, 1st Edn. Lantern Books, Lagos, 210-247, (2005) @No $ @ @ Farber J.L., Chein K.R. and Mittnacht S., The Pathogenesis of Irreversible Cell Injury in Ischemia, Am J. Pathol., 102, 271-281 (1981) @No $ @ @ Belluardo M., Mudo G. and Bindoni M., Effect of Early Destruction of the Mouse Arcute Nucleus by MSG on Age Dependent Natural Killer Activity, Brain Res., 534, 225-333 (1990) @No $ @ @ Martins L.J., Deobler J.A., Shih T. and Anthony A., Cytophotometric Analysis of Thalamic Neuronal RNA in some Intoxicated Rats, Life Sci., 35, 1593-1600 (1984) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Fatty acid profiling of filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacteria from Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in North-Eastern region of India<#LINE#>SK@Ojit,DA@Thadoi,Th@Indrama,SO@Avijeet,O@Gunapati,ON@Tiwari,GD@Sharma<#LINE#>69-74<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-073.pdf<#LINE#>Freshwater Cyanobacterial and Microalgal Repository, Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, @ A National Institute of DBT, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal-795001, Manipur, INDIA @ Dept. of Life Science and Bio-informatics, Hargobind Khurana School of Life Sciences, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>12/5/2015<#LINE#>25/5/2015<#LINE#>In the present study, twenty-one (21) strains of cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater habitats of Loktak Lake were characterized for total lipid and fatty acid composition. Total lipid content ranged between 0.20% to 7.00%. Maximum lipid content was observed in Phormidium tenue BTA-1073 followed by Phormidium corium BTA-64 and Phormidium tenue BTA-63 while Phormidium corium BTA-1065 showed the minimum.Profiling offatty acid composition showed that capric acid (10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0) were only the predominant component. Plectonema sp. BTA-65 and Phormidium tenue BTA-1076 showed high capric acid content as 21.03% and 17.26%. Caprylic acid (C8:0) was maximum in Phormidium fragile BTA-1020 (10.08%). Lauric acid (C12:0) content was maximum in Plectonema sp. BTA-65 (16.23%) and minimum in Phormidium corium BTA-1065 (2.37%). Of the polyunsaturated fatty acid, -linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) were present only in Lyngbya putealis BTA-1013. Linoleic acid (C18:2n6) was observed only in Phormidium tenue BTA-63 (0.48%) and Plectonema sp. BTA-65 (0.65%). One of the pharmaceutically potential componenet, Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) was occurred in Phormidium tenue BTA-63 (0.44%) only. Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) were the most abundant MUFAs in all the strains ranging between 0.05% to 6.85% for palmitoleic acid and 0.24% to 8.71% for oleic acid except Phormidium tenue BTA-1076 and Lyngbya birgei BTA-1080. The levels of erucic acid (C22:1n9) was also present in low quantity in most strains except in few cases. The goal of the present study was to profile the fatty acid components of cyanobacteria isolated from Loktak Lake where potent strains could be used for the production of commercially important desired products. <#LINE#> @ @ Apt K.E. and Behrens P.W., Commercial developments in microalgal biotechnology, . Phycol., 35, 215-226, (1999) @No $ @ @ Sanghvi A.M. and Lo Y.M., Present and potential industrial applications of macro- and microalgae, RecentPat. FoodNutr. Agric., , 187-194 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anupama P.R., Value added food: single cell protein, Biotech. Adv., 18(6), 459-479 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cardozo K.H.M., Guaratini T., Barros M.P., Falcao V.R., Tonon A.P., Lopes N.P., Campos S., Torres M.A., Souza A.O., Colepicolo P. and Pinto E., Metabolites from algae with economical impact, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 146, 60-78 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tan L.T., Bioactive natural products from marine cyanobacteria for drug discovery, Phytochemistry, 68, 954-979 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mahajan G. and Kamat M., Gamma linolenic acid production from Spirulinaplatensis, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 43, 466-469 (1995) @No $ @ @ Borowitzka M.A., Fats, oils and hydrocarbons, In: Micro-algal biotechnology (Borowitzka M.A. and Borowitzka L.J. Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 257-87 (1988) @No $ @ @ Becker E.W., Microalgae: biotechnology and microbiology, In: Studies in biotechnology (Baddiley J., Carey N.H., Higgins I.J. and Potter W.G. Eds.),Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 293 (1994) @No $ @ @ Callegari J.P., Feu vert pour les microalgues,  Biofutur, 76, 25-40 (1989) @No $ @ @ Henrikson R., New medical research with Spirulina, In: Earth Food Spirulina (Ronose Enterprises, Inc. Ed.), Laguna Beach, California, 61-73 (1989) @No $ @ @ Richmond A., Large-scale microalgal culture and applications, In: Progress in phycological research (Round M. and Chapman  S. Eds.), Biopress Ltd, 269-330 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez H. and Guerrero M.G., Products and uses of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), In: Proles on biotechnology (Villa T.G. and Abalde J. Eds.), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Chile, 247-260 (1992) @No $ @ @ Cohen Z., Didi S. and Heimer Y.M., Overproduction of -linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by algae, PlantPhysiol., 98, 569-72 (1992) @No $ @ @ Cohen Z., Vonshak A. and Richmond A., Fatty acid and composition of Spirulina strains grown under various environmental conditions, Phytochemistry, 26, 2255-2258 (1987) @No $ @ @ Richmond A., Spirulina, In: Micro-algal biotechnology (Borowitzka M.A. and Borowitzka L.J. Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 85-121 (1988) @No $ @ @ Chingkheihunba A. and Arvind K.S., Molecular typing and distribution of filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria isolated from two distinctly located regions in North-Eastern India, World. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 27, 2187-2194 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh K.O., Oinam G. and Tiwari O.N., New record of potential cyanobacteria from Indian region falling Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots (North-East region of India) and partial characterization for value additions, Philipp. J. Sci., 141(1), 57-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tiwari O.N. and Singh H.T., Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in Loktak Lake and rice fields of Manipur, India having acidic properties, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, 75(B) III, 209-213 (2005) @No $ @ @ Stanier R.Y., Kunisawa R., Mandel M. and Cohen-Bazire G., Purification and properties of unicellular blue-green algae (order Chroococcales), Bacteriol. Rev., 35(2), 171-205 (1971) @No $ @ @ Bligh E.G. and Dyer W.J., A rapid method of lipid extraction and purification, Can. . Biochem. Physiol., 37(8), 911-917 (1959) @No $ @ @ Ahlgren G., Gustafsson I.B. and Boberg M., Fatty acid content and chemical composition of freshwater microalgae, . Phycol., 28, 37-50 (1992) @No $ @ @ Kenyon C.N., Rippka R. and Stanier R.Y., Fatty acid composition and physiological properties of some lamentous blue-green algae, Arch. Mikrobiol., 83, 216-236 (1972) @No $ @ @ Murata N. and Nishida I., Lipids of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), In: The biochemistry of plants (Stumpf  P.K. and Conn  E.E. Eds.), Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 315-347 (1987) @No $ @ @ Fatma T., Sarada R. and Venkataraman L.V., Evaluation of selected strains of Spirulina for their constituents, Phykos, 33, 89-97 (1994) @No $ @ @ Vargas M.A., Rodriguez H., Moreno J., Olivares H., Del Campo J.A., Rivas J. and Guerrero M.G., Biochemical composition and fatty acid content of filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, . Phycol., 34, 812-817 (1998) @No $ @ @ Matsunaga T., Takeyama H., Miura Y., Yamazaki T., Furuya H. and Sode K., Screening of marine cyanobacteria for high palmitoleic acid production, FEMSMicrobiol. Lett., 133, 137-141 (1995) @No $ @ @ Liu X.J., Jiang Y. and Chen F., Fatty acid profile of the edible filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliformeat different temperatures and developmental stages in liquid suspension culture, ProcessBiochem., 40, 371-377 (2005) @No $ @ @ Maslova I.P., Mouradyan E.A., Lapina S.S., KlyachkoGurvich G.L. and Los D.A., Lipid fatty acid composition and thermophilicity of cyanobacteria, Russian. PlantPhysiol., 51, 353-360 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rezanka T., Viden I., Go J.V., Dor I. and Dembitsky V.M., Polar lipids and fatty acids of three wild cyanobacterial strains of the genus Chroococcidiopsis, FoliaMicrobiol., 48, 781-786 (2003) @No $ @ @ Brett M.T. and Muller-Navarra D.C., The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic food web processes, Freshwat. Biol., 38, 483-499 (1997) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Etiology, Risk Factors and Pathophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Review<#LINE#>S@Arshiya,L@Noor,PA@Rangaswamy,T@Sundari<#LINE#>75-82<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-041.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Amraze Niswan wa Ilmul Qabalat (Gynecology and Obstetrics), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore - Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Amraze Niswan wa Ilmul Qabalat (Gynecology and Obstetrics), Yunus Fazlani Unani Medical College, Kunjkheda, MS, INDIA @ Medical officer, State Govt. of Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of  Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA <#LINE#>26/3/2015<#LINE#>30/4/2015<#LINE#>Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as any involuntary loss of urine. It is under-reported, undiagnosed, and often untreated medical situation for women at any age which highly impacts the quality of life. The risk factors for  stress urinary incontinence in women are weak collagen, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, chronic obstructive airway disease, ethnicity, constipation,pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, advanced pelvic organ prolapse,hysterectomy, neurological disease, smoking, spinal cord trauma, and pelvic floor injury. The physiopathology is linked to endopelvic fascia, levator ani muscles, and muscular urethra compromise followed by pudendal nerve denervation and urethral complex’s loss of ligamentous support. The line of management for stress urinary incontinence is lifestyle change, physiotherapy of the pelvic floor, bulking agent and midurethral sling. <#LINE#> @ @ Nadir NA and Silverberg MA., Urinary Incontinence, Available from URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com /article/778772-overview. [Accesed on 17-01-11], (2011) @No $ @ @ O Schorge J., Schaffer J.I., Halvorson L.M., Hoffman B.L., Bradshaw K.D. and Cunningham F.G, William’s Gynecology, New York: McGraw Hill, 512-22 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tamanini J.T., Dambros M., D'Ancona C.A., Palma P.C. and Rodrigues Netto N. Jr., Validation of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, (ICIQ-SF) for Portuguese, Rev. Saude. Publica., 38(3),438-44 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bakar Y., Cinar Ozdemir O. and Ozengin N. et al. The use of extracorporeal magnetic innervation for the treatmentof stress urinary incontinence in older women: a pilot study,  Arch. Gynecol. Obstet.,284,163–1168. (2011) @No $ @ @ Langa K.M., Fultz N.H. and Saint S. et al., Informal care giving time and costs for urinary incontinence in older individuals in the United States, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 50,733 (2002) @No $ @ @ Herbruck L.F., Urinary Incontinence in the Childbearing Woman, Urol. Nurs.,28(3), 163-171 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vasavada S.P., Carmel M.E. and Rackley R., Urinary incontinence. Available from URL: http://emedicine .medscape. com/ article/452289-overview # aw2aab6b2b1aa. [Accessed on 17-2-13], (2013) @No $ @ @ Hunskaar S., Arnold EP. and Burgio K. et al., Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence, Int Urogynecol.J. Pelvic. Floor. Dysfunct.,11, 301 (2000) @No $ @ @ Serati M. and Uccella S. and Salvatore S., Stress urinary incontinence in women of childbearing age,   E u r o p e a n.  U r o l o g ic a l  .R e v i e w., 72-4 (2008) @No $ @ @ Flynn M., Amundsen C.L. and Perevich M. et al., Outcome of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialofbotulinum: a toxin for refractory overactive bladder, J. Urol.,181(6), 2608–2615 (2009) @No $ @ @ Athanasopoulos A. and Perimenis P., Pharmacotherapy of urinary incontinence, Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor. Dysfunct.,20(4), 475-82 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hunskaar S., Arnold E.P. and Burgio K. et al., Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence, Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor. Dysfunct.,11, 301-319 (2000) @No $ @ @ Diokno A.C., Burgio K. and Fultz N.H. et al., Medical and self-care practices reported by women with urinary incontinence, Am. J. Manag, Care., 10, 69-78 (2004) @No $ @ @ Felde G., Bjelland I. and Hunskaar S., Anxiety and depression associated with incontinence in middle-aged women: a large Norwegiancross-sectional study, Int. Urogynecol. J., 23(3), 299-306 (2012) @No $ @ @ Price D.M. and Noblett K., Comparison of the cough stress test and 24-h pad test in the assessment of stress urinary incontinence, Int. Urogynecol. J., 23(4), 429-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ Herbruck L.F., Stress Urinary Incontinence: Prevention, Management, and Provider Education, Urol, Nurs., 8(3),200-206 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kang Y., Phillips L.R. and Kim S.S., Incontinence Quality of Life among Korean-American Women, Urol, Nurs.,30(2), 130-136 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nygaard I.E., Stress Urinary Incontinence, Obstet. Gynecol., 104, 607–20 (2004) @No $ @ @ Magowan B.A., Owen P. and Drife J., Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2nded., New York: Saunders Elsevier, 175-80 (2009) @No $ @ @ Contreras O.O., Stress urinary incontinence in the gynaecological practice, Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet.,86Suppl 1, S6-16 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dwyer N.I., Stress urinary incontinence in women, Hospital physician board review manual, Urology., 13(1), 1-12 (2006) @No $ @ @ Arts-de Jong M., van Altena A.M. and Aalders C.I.M. at al, Improvement of sexual function after transobturator tapeprocedure in women with stress urinary incontinence, Gynecol. Surg.,8(3), 315–319 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kim C., McEwen L.N. and Sarma A.R. et al., Stress urinary incontinence in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, J Women’s, Health, (Larchmt)., 17(5), 783-92 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hannestad Y.S., Rortveit G. and Daltveit A.K. et al., Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence?, The Norwegian EPINCONT Study, BJOG.,110, 247 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rortveit G, Daltveit A.K. and Hannestad Y.S. et al, Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section, N. Engl. J. Med.,348, 900 (2003) @No $ @ @ Berghmans L.C., Hendriks H.J and Bo K. et al, Conservative treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, Br. J. Urol., 82(2), 181-91 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bent A.E., Gousse A.E. and Hendrix S.L. et al., Validation of a two-item quantitative questionnaire for the triage of women with urinary incontinence, Obstet. Gynecol.,106(4), 767-73 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rogers R.G., Leeman L.M. and Migliaccio L. et al., Does the severity of spontaneous genital tract trauma affect postpartum pelvic floor function?, Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic. Floor. Dysfunct.,19(3), 429-35 (2008) @No $ @ @ Onowhakpor E.A., Omo-Aghoja L.O. and Akani C.I. et al, Prevalence and determinants of utero-vaginal prolapse in southern Nigeria, Niger. Med. J., 50, 29-32 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bai S.W., Kang J.Y. and Rha K.H. et al., Relationship of urodynamic parameters and obesity in women with stress urinary incontinence, J. Reprod. Med., 47, 559 (2002) @No $ @ @ Deitel M., Stone E. and Kassam H.A. et al., Gynecologic-obstetric changes after loss of massive excess weight following bariatric surgery, J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,, 147 (1988) @No $ @ @ Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D. and Ogden C.L. et al., Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000, J.A.M.A., 288, 1723 (2002) @No $ @ @ De Lancey J.O.L., The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence in women and its implications for surgical treatment, World. J. Urol., 15, 268-274 (1997) @No $ @ @ Vasavada S.P., Carmel M.E. and Rackley R., Urinary incontinence. Available from URL: http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/452289-overview #aw2aab6b 2b1aa.  [Accessed on 17-02-13], (2013) @No $ @ @ Tsai Y.C. and Liu C.H., Urinary incontinence among Taiwanese women: an outpatient study of prevalence, comorbidity, risk factors, and quality of life, Int .Urol. Nephrol., 41(4), 795-803 (2009) @No $ @ @ Farrell S.A., Epp A. and Flood C.et al., The evaluation of stress incontinence prior to primary surgery, J. Obstet. Gynecol. Can., 25(4), 313–8 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mishell D.R., Goodwin T.M. and Brenner P.F., Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, USA: Blackwell publishing, 287-9, 290 (2002) @No $ @ @ Viktrup L.A., Simpler algorithm for the management of women with UI: Stress/Urge Incontinence Questionnaire (S/UIQ), Medscape General Medicine, 7(3), 62 (2005) @No $ @ @ Blok B.F. and Corcos J., Surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women: A 2006 review, Indian. J. Urol., 23(2), 148–152 (2007) @No $ @ @ Freeman R.M., What's a 'cure'?, Patient-centred outcomes of treatments for stress urinary incontinence, Int. Urogynecol. J., 18(1), 13–8 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lose G, Sørensen HC and Axelsen SM. et al., An open multicenter study of polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for female stress and mixed urinary incontinence, Int. Urogynecol. J., 21(12), 1471-7 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>A review on Co-Digestion of Vegetable waste with Organic wastes for Energy Generation<#LINE#>V.S.@Patil,H.V.@Deshmukh<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-065.pdf<#LINE#>Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Satara, 415002, M.S., INDIA @ Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415002, M.S., INDIA <#LINE#>29/4/2015<#LINE#>17/5/2015<#LINE#>Fossil fuels, a non-renewable energy resource provides 80 per cent of the world’s primary energy supply today. Several environmental and social costs are associated with the heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy. The sustainable development of the environment requires use of renewable energy alternatives. Solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower, biomass, and municipal and industrial wastes are the freely available major renewable sources of energy. The use of waste biomass for renewable energy offers several benefits and thus the use of agricultural waste becomes a brilliant spot for generation of energy. Vegetable waste represents a major share of agricultural wastes. A Hugh quantity of vegetable waste is produced in market every day. Vegetable wastes are perishable and cause nuisance. The present inappropriate vegetable waste management systems results in loss of potentially valuable materials that can be processed to generate fuel and fertilizer. Hence, appropriate vegetable waste management system is needed for environment protection. Anaerobic digestion results in generation of biogas and effluent which serve as a natural fertilizer. Co-digestion is preferred over anaerobic digestion because of several benefits associated with it. Thus, the aim of the present review paper is to focus onto detailed aspects of co-digestion of vegetable waste with other organic wastes for energy generation. <#LINE#> @ @ Naik S.N., Vaibhav V., Goud Prasant K.R. and Ajay K.D., Production of first and second generation biofuels: A comprehensive review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 14, 578-597 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lansing S., Viquez Martinez J., Botero Raul H. and Martin J., Electricity quantifying waste generation and transformations in a low-cost, plug-flow anaerobic digestion system, Ecol. Eng., 34, 332-348 (2008) @No $ @ @ Clemens J.M., Trimborn P. and Weiland A.B., Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry, Agriculture, Ecosyst. Environ., 112, 171-177 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ahring B.K., Mladenovska Z., Ianpour R. and Westermann P., State of the art and future perspectives of thermophilic anaerobic digestion, Water Sci Technol, 45, 298 – 308 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chami R. and Vivanco E., Biogas Potential: Identification and Classification of Different Types of Biomass Available in Chile for the Generation of Biogas”. Project for Renewable Energy and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH (German Technical Co-operation), 82 (2007) @No $ @ @ Agdag O.N. and Sponza D.T., Co-digestion of mixed industrial sludge with municipal solid wastes in anaerobic simulated landfilling bioreactors, J. Hazard. Mat., 140, 75–85 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cuetos M.J., Gomez X., Otero M. and Moran A., Anaerobic digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste (SHW) at laboratory scale: influence of co-digestion with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), Biochem. Eng. J.,40, 99–106 (2008) @No $ @ @ Castillo E.F.M., Cristancho D.E. and Arellano V.A., Study of the operational conditions for anaerobic digestion of urban solid wastes, Waste Manage., 26, 546–556 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hartmann H. and Ahring B.K., Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: Influence of Co-digestion with Manure, Water Research, 39(8),1543–1552 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lo H.M., Kurniawan T.A., Sillanpaa M.E.T., Pai T.Y., Chiang C.F., Chao K.P., Liu M.H., Chuang S.H., Banks C.J., Wang S.C., Lin K.C., Lin C.Y., Liu W.F., Cheng P.H., Chen C.K., Chiu H.Y. and Wu H.Y., Modeling biogas production from organic fraction of MSW co-digested with MSWI ashes in anaerobic bioreactors, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 6329–6335 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jingura R.M. and Matengaifa R., Optimization of biogas production by anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy development in Zimbabwe, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev., 13, 1116–1120 (2009) @No $ @ @ Das A. and Mondal C., Catalytic Effect of Tungsten on Anaerobic Digestion Process for Biogas Production from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes, Int. J. of Scien. Engi. and Technol, 2(4), 216-221 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sagagi B. S., Garba B. and Usman N. 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