@Research Paper
<#LINE#>The Effect of Social Work Interventions on Family Function Improvement in Schizophrenic Patients<#LINE#>Mohammad@AziziFahliani,Saideh@Masafi,Reza@KhankehHamid,RahebGhonche,Omid@Rezaei<#LINE#>1.6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-11.pdf<#LINE#>Master of Science in Social Work, Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, IRAN @ Department of Nursing Karolinska InstituteUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Social Work University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>7/1/2014<#LINE#>21/11/2014<#LINE#>This research is aimed to study effects of social work interventions on improvement of Schizophrenic patient's family functioning. The study was an appliedand semi-experimental research. The statistical universe included Schizophrenic patients’ families. Such patients were hospitalized in Razi Psychiatric hospital in 2009. The sampling method was purposive and a total of 70 subjects were selected randomly who were placed into two experimental and control groupsResults indicated that both experimental and control groups have statistically significant difference which showed impact of social work interventions on increased Duration of relapse of schizophrenic patients to hospitals (p0.01). Training the family about the disease and transfer of necessary skills to cope and deal with the disease will result in increased potential abilities of family. <#LINE#> @ @ Ghalebandi MF, Clinical Psychiatry, Tehran : Teimoorzadeh Publications, 66-107 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimi AA, Koochemshagi M. and Malakouti K., The Role of Support and Self - Help Groups on Mental Health, Tehran : Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), (2000) @No $ @ @ Asadollahi GA. and Abbasalizadeh A., A Manual for Schizophrenic Patients' Families, Isfahan : Publications of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, (1993) @No $ @ @ Malakooti K. and Noroozi F., Follow up and Mental Health among Chronic Psychotics, Quarterly of Thought and Behavior, 2(1), 41-47 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ghahari S. and Bolhari J., Family's Mental Education, Moles, Objectives and Procedures, Tehran : Tohfeh, 19-50 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ghanbari M., A Comparison on Family Functions of Families with and Without Schizophrenic Patients in Isfahan, Master Thesis, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation (2006) @No $ @ @ Shamsaei F. , Cheraghi F and Ghaleiha A., Effects of Home Psychiatric Nursing Care in Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients, HBI_Journals,15(2), 32-38 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fadai F., Rehabilitation for Schizophrenia, Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation,6(4), 42-44 (2005) @No $ @ @ Malakouti K., Noori R., Naghavi M., Ahmadi Abhari A., Nasr M., Afghah S., Salehi P, Hemati MA and Moghadamnia M, The Burden of Caregivers of Chronic Mental Patients and Their Needs to Care and Therapeutic Services, Hakim Research Journal 6(2), 1-10 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chien WT, Chan SW and Thompson DR, Effects of a mutual support group for families of Chinese people with schizophrenia : 18-month follow-up, The British Journal of Psychiatry,189, 41-49 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sherman MD, Faruque HD and Foley DD, Family Participation in the Treatment of Persons with Serious Mental Illness, Psychiatr Serv.,56(12), 1624-1625 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sherman M.D., Rehab Rounds : The Support and Family Education (SAFE) Program : Mental Health Facts for Families, Psychiatr Serv,54(5), 633-5 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pitschel-Walz G., Leucht S., Bäuml J., Kissling W. and Engel RR., The Effect of Family Interventions on Relapse and Rehospitalization in Schizophrenia : A Meta-Analysis, Schizophr Bull,27(1), 73-92 (2001) @No $ @ @ Cassidy E, Hill S and O'Callaghan E, Efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention in improving relatives’ knowledge about schizophrenia and reducing rehospitalisation, Eur Psychiatry, 16(8), 446-50 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sadock BJ. and Sadock VA., Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry : Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition. New York : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Species Composition of Understory Vegetation and Large Herbivore Abundance in Burnt and an Unburnt Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand<#LINE#>Duangchai@Sookchaloem,ThulaniSihle@Methula,Bhumpakphan@Naris,Sompoch@Maneerat<#LINE#>7-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-212.pdf<#LINE#>3 Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, THAILAND @ Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, THAILAND @ Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, THAILAND <#LINE#>24/9/2014<#LINE#>11/11/2014<#LINE#>The species composition in burnt and unburnt deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) at Huai KhaKhaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (HKKWS) was carried out by identifying and comparing ground flora, seedling and sapling species. The Importance Value Index (IVI), indices for species diversity, similarity, richness and evenness were analyzed. Wildlife abundance was determined by identifying and counting dung and pellet groups of large herbivores. There were more species of ground flora, seedlings and saplings in burnt area than in unburnt area. Dominant ground flora species based on the IVI value were Heteropogontriticeus (R.Br.) Stapf ex Craib in burnt area and Polyalthiadebilis(Pierre) Finetand Gagnep.inunburnt area. Dominant seedling species were Shoreaobtusa Wall. Ex Blume in burnt area and Polyalthia debilis(Pierre) Finetand Gagnep.inunburnt area. Dominant sapling species were Xyliaxylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub.in burnt area and Terminaliamucronata Craiband Hutch.inunburnt area. The Menhinick’s index showed that the species richness of ground flora, seedlings and saplings were higher in burnt area than in unburnt  area.The species similarity of ground flora, seedlings and saplings between burnt and unburnt areas was low. For analysing herbivore abundance the dung and pellet densities showed that elephant, banteng, Sambar deer and common barking deer were more abundant in burnt area than in unburnt area and gaur did not inhabit the study area.  <#LINE#> @ @ Bunyavejchewin S, Barker P.J. and Davies S.J., Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Continental Southeast Asia, Structure, Composition, and Dynamics, The Ecology and Conservation of Seasonally Dry Forests in Asia, Smithosonian Institution Scholarly Press, Washington DC, (2011) @No $ @ @ Wanthonchai K., Banhus J. and Goldammer J.G., Nutrient Losses Through Prescribed Burning of Above Ground Litter and Understory in Dry Dipterocarp Forest of Different Fire History, Catera,74, 321-332 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wanthongchai K. and Goldammer J.G., Fire Management in South and Southeast Asia’s Seasonally Dry Forests, Colonial Approaches, Current Problems and Perspectives, The Ecology and Conservation of Seasonally Dry Forests in Asia, Smithosonian Institution Scholarly Press,  Washington DC, (2011) @No $ @ @ Slik J.W.F., Verburg R.W. and Kebler P.J.A., Effects of Fire and Selective Logging on the Tree Species Composition of Lowland Dipterocarp Forest in East Kalamantan, Indonesia, Biodiversity and Conservation,11, 5-98 (2002) @No $ @ @ Himmapan W., Boonyawat S. and Kaitpraneet S., Behaviour of Burning Fire in Dry Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest at the HuaiKhaKhaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, UthaiThani Province, Thai Journal of Forestry,25, 112-124 (2006) @No $ @ @ Monroe M.E. and Converse S.J., The Effects of Early Season and Late Season Prescribed Fires on Small Mammals in a Sierra Navada Mixed Conifer Forest, Forest Ecology and Management, 236,  229-240 (2006) @No $ @ @ Himmapan W. and Kaitprancet S., Effect Of Burning Fire on Fuel Bed Properties in The Dry Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest at HuaiKhaKhaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thai Journal of Forestry,27, 107-119 (2008) @No $ @ @ Smitinand T., Thai Plant Names, The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Thailand, (2001) @No $ @ @ Saravanan V., Shanthi R., Kumar R., BalasubramanianP.A. and Damodara A., Influence of Forest Fire on Flora Diversity of the Degraded Shola Forest Ecosystem, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(1), 49-56 (2014) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R.H., Communities and Ecosystems, Macmillan Co., Collier-Macmillan Ltd., London, (1970) @No $ @ @ Shannon C.E.A., Mathematical Theory of Communication, The Bell System Technical Journal, 27,623-656 (1948) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R.H., Evolution of species diversity in land communities, Evolutionary Biology, 10, 250-268 (1977) @No $ @ @ Sorensen T.A., Method of Establishing Groups of Equal Amplitude in Plant Sociology Based on Similarity of Species and its Application to Analyses of the Vegetation on Danish Commons, Biologiske Skirifer,5, 1-34 (1948) @No $ @ @ Bhumpakphan N., Survey and Monitoring of the Wildlife in Western Forest Complex, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand , (2003) @No $ @ @ Agyare W.A., Soil Characterization and Modeling of Spatial Distribution of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity at Two Sites in the Volta Basin of Ghana, Ecology and Development Series, No. 17. Centre of Development Research, University of Bonn, (2004) @No $ @ @ Bunyavejchewin S., La Frankie J.V., Baker P.J., Davies S.J. and Ashton P.S., Forest Trees of Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, Data from 50 hectare Forest Dynamics Plot. National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department Report, Bangkok, (2009) @No $ @ @ Fang Y., Study on the Response of the Species Diversity of Pinus Massoniana Plantation to Fire Disturbance, Journal of Agricultural Science,36(31), 13629-13631 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sutumo D. and Fardila D., Floristic Composition of Groundcover Vegetation after the 2010 Pyroclastic Fire on Mount Merapi, JMHT,  XIX, 1, 54-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Peterson D.W. and Reich P.W., Fire Frequency and Tree Canopy Structure Influence Plants Species Diversity in a Forest-grassland Ecotone. Plant Ecol, 194, 5-16 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sukumar R, The Living Elephants : Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation, Oxford University Press, New York, (2003) @No $ @ @ Lekagul B. and McNeely J., Mammals of Thailand, 2ndedition. Bangkok, Thailand : Saha KarnBhaet Co, (1988) @No $ @ @ Bhumpakphan N and Mc Shea W.J., Ecology of Gaur and Banteng in the Seasonally Dry Forests of Thailand, Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, Washington, D.C., (2011) @No $ @ @ Black P.A. and Gonzalez S., Muntiacusmuntjak., Deer Red List Authority, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008) @No $ @ @ Sukmasuang R., Ecology of Barking Deer Muntiacusspp.) in HuaiKhaKhaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Ph.D. Thesis. Kasetsart University, (2001) @No $ @ @ Tapule W., Wildlife Responses to Design and Utilization of Road in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Master Degree Thesis, Kasetsart University, (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Variability of Stomatal Index and Chlorophyll Content in four species of Solanaceae Members<#LINE#>K.V.@Ajayan,R.L.@Babu,B@PatilBayakka<#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-215.pdf<#LINE#>Department of P.G Studies and Research in Botany, Karnataka State Women’s University, Bijapur, 586108, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of P.G Studies and Research in Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Karnataka State Women’s University, Bijapur, 586108, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>30/9/2014<#LINE#>14/11/2014<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @ Vidyyarltie R.D. and Tripathi S.C., A text Book of Botany. S. Chand and Company Ltd. 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi 1054, (2002) @No $ @ @ Sterm K.R., Introductory plant biology, Mac Graw Hill Company Inc, United Sates of America, 630, (2000) @No $ @ @ Edeoga H.O., and Eboka A.U., Morphology of the leaf epidermis and systematics in some Dissotis species Benth (Melastomataceae), Global J. pure and applied sci., (6), 371-374 (2000) @No $ @ @ Edeoga H.O. and Ikem C.L., Comparative Morphology of the leaf epidermis in three species of Boehavia L Nyctagininaceae. J.P.l. Anat Morph., 1) 14-21 (2001) @No $ @ @ Wilkinson H.P., The plant surface (mainly leaf), In Metcalfe, C.R. and Chalk L. Anatomy of the dicotyledons, 2nd ed. Clarenndon Press., 97-165 (1979) @No $ @ @ Paliwal G.S., and Anand S.K., Anatomy in relation to taxonomy, Acta Bot. Indica., (6) 1–20 (1978) @No $ @ @ Pant  D. D. and P F Kidwai., On the Diversity in the Development and Organization of Stomata in Phyla nudiflora Michx, Current Sci.,(33) 653-65(1964) @No $ @ @ Gopal B.V. and Mishra A.K., A New Technique for Plant Epidermal Studies, Kenya Science and Tech. (B), (1) 99-100 (1980) @No $ @ @ Mbagwu F.N. and Edeoga H.O., Observations on the Vegetative and Floral Morphology of Some Vigna Species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences.,(9) 1754-1758 (2006) @No $ @ @ Salisbury E.J., On the cause and ecological significance of stomatal frequency with special reference to the woodland flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biol. Sci.,(216) 1-65 (1972) @No $ @ @ Stace C.A., Cuticular studies as an aid t o plant taxonomy. Bull.Brit. Mus, Nat. Hist .Bot.,(4) 3-78 (1965a) @No $ @ @ Stace C.A., The significance of the leaf epidermis in the taxonomy of Combretaceae, A general review oitribal, generic and specific characters,  J. Linn. Soc. London (Bot.), (59) 229-252 (1965b) @No $ @ @ Stace C.A., The significance of leaf epidermis in the taxonomy of the Combretaceae, Conclusions, Bot. J. Linn. Soc.,(81) 327–339 (1981) @No $ @ @ Salisbury E.J., The interrelation of soil, climate, and organism and the use of stomatal frequency as an. Integrating index of the water relation of the plant, Beih. Bot. Zentralb.,(49) 408-420 (1932) @No $ @ @ Akhil Baruah and Subhan C. Nath., Foliar epidermal characters in twelve species of Cinnamomum, Schaeffer. (Lauraceae) from North Eastern India, Phytomorphology., (47) 127-134 (1997) @No $ @ @ Nwachukwu C.U., Mbagwu F.N. and Onyeji A.N., Morphological And Leaf Epidermal features of Capsicum Annum and Capsicum frutescens solanaceae Nature and Science., (5) 54-60 (2007) @No $ @ @ Akeem Babalola Kadiri., Dumkele Utubor and Oluwatoyin Temitayo Ogundipe., Taxonomic relationships in Lagenaria seringe (Cucurbitaceae) based on foliar epidermal morphology, Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice., (23) 47-59 (2013) @No $ @ @ Albert S. and Sharma B., Comparative foliar micromorphological studies of some Bauhinia (Leguminosae) species, Turkish Journal of Botany, (37)276-281 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kothari M.J. and Shah G.L., Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in Papilionaceae, Botanical Gazette,(13) 372-379 (1975) @No $ @ @ Rowson J.M., The significance of the stomatal index as a differential character, 1.A. statistical investigation of the stornatal indices of Senna leaflets, Q. JI. Pharm.Pharmac., (16) 24-31 (1943a) @No $ @ @ Rowson J.M., The significance of the stornatal index as a differential character–the identification of the leaves of English and of Indian Belladonna : The characterisation of the Coca.P.C.Q -JI. -Ph arm. Pharmac.,(16)  255-64  (1943b) @No $ @ @ Dzugan M., Czynniki wp\nywajce na stabilno zielonych barwników rolin. Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Inynierii Ekologicznej, (7) 26–33 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Diversity, Uses and Origin of Invasive Alien Plants in Dhenkanal district of Odisha, India<#LINE#>Sandeep@KumarNayak,Bihari@SatapathyKunja<#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-223.pdf<#LINE#>P.G. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>13/10/2014<#LINE#>4/12/2014<#LINE#>An exhaustive floristic survey was carried out during 2013-2014 in the Dhenkanal district of Odisha state to assess the diversity, nativity and uses of invasive alien plants. From the study it was found that 131 species with 97 genera and under 39 different families were invasive alien plants. Analysis of habit revealed that the herbs were dominant with 114 species (87.65%) followed by shrubs (12), trees (02) and climbers (03). And the dominant family was Asteraceae with 25 (19.23%) species followed by Amaranthaceae (08), Euphorbiaceae (08), Caesalpiniaceae (07), Convolvulaceae (07), Fabaceae (06), Mimosaceae (05), Poaceae (05), Solanaceae (05), Asclepiadaceae (04), Cleomaceae (04), Tiliaceae (04), Cyperaceae (03), Lamiaceae (03). These families included most invasive species, such as Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Hyptis suaveolens, Ageratum conyzoides, Parthenium hysterophorus, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and others. The dominance of Asteraceae species among all IAPS found in this region was resulted due to higher potential for adaptability and rapid growth. It was found from the literature that different native places of IAPS of Dhenkanal district were Tropical America (83), Tropical Africa (12), Tropical South America (9), Europe (4), Brazil (3), Tropical north America (3), West Indies (3), Mediterranean (3), Tropical Central South America (2), Tropical Central America (1), Tropical East Africa (1), Peru (1), Mascarene Islands (1), Mexico (1), Temperate South America (1), Madagascar (1),West Asia (1), Afghanistan (1) and Tropical West Asia (1). From the interaction with local people and literature survey it was found that IAPS were used as medicine (70), fuel (3), ornamental (6), rope making (2) and leafy vegetable (4). <#LINE#> @ @ Williamson M., Biological invasions. Chapman and Hall, London. (1996) @No $ @ @ Levine S.A.,Analysis of risk for invasions and control program, Biological Invasion : A Global Perspective, SCOPE 37(eds. Drake J. A. et al.,), John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 425-435 (1989) @No $ @ @ Mc Neely J.A., Invasive species : A costly catastrophe for native biodiversity, Land Use Water Resour Res, , 1–10 (2001) @No $ @ @ Randall J.M. and Marinelli J.,Invasive Plants : Weeds of the Global Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York (1997) @No $ @ @ Henderson L., Plant invaders of Southern Africa, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, (1995) @No $ @ @ McNeely J.A., Mooney H.A., Neville L.E., Schei P. and Waage J.K., A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species, IUCN Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, U.K., in collaboration with the Global Invasive Species Program, (2001) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.S., Catalogue of Invasive Alien Flora of India, Life Science Journal, 2), 84-89 (2008) @No $ @ @ Saxena H.O. and Brahmam M., The Flora of Orissa, Vol. I-IV, Orissa Forest Development Corporation, Bhubaneswar (1996) @No $ @ @ Mooney H.A. and Drake J.A., The ecology of biological invasions, Environment, 29(5), 12 (1987) @No $ @ @ Heywood V., Patterns, Extents, and Modes of Invasions by Terrestrial Plants, In: Drake J, et al (eds.), Biological Invasions : A Global Perspective, Wiley, NY., 31-60(1989) @No $ @ @ Cox G.W., Alien Species in North America and Hawaii: Impacts on Natural Ecosystems, Island Press, Washington, D.C., (1999) @No $ @ @ D’Antonio C.M. and Vitousek P.M., Biological invasions by exotic grasses: the grass/fire cycle and global change, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,23, 63–87 (1992) @No $ @ @ Drake J.A., Mooney H.A., Castri F. di,  Groves H., Kruger F.J., Rejmanek M. and Williamson M., (eds). 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Sandlund OT, Schei PJ and Viken A),Kluwer Academic Publishers, London 24, (1999) @No $ @ @ Almeilla I.D. and Freitas H., The exotic and invasive flora of Portugal, Bot Complutensis,25, 317-27 (2001) @No $ @ @ Cowie R., Does the public care about species loss?, A glimpse into the public’s flunking, Conservation Biology in Practice,2(3), 28 -9 (2001) @No $ @ @ McNeely J.A., Mooney H.A., Neville. L.E., Schei P.J. and Waage J.K. (eds), Global strategy on invasivealien species, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, (2001) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.S., Bagyanarayana G., Reddy K.N. and Raju V.S., Invasive Alien Flora of India, National Biological Information Infrastructure, USGS, USA (2008) @No $ @ @ VavilovN.I.,The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants, Chron Bot,13, 1–364  (1951) @No $ @ @ Matthew K.M., Exotic flora of Kodaikanal and Palni hills, Rec Bot Surv India,20(1), 1-241 (1969) @No $ @ @ Maheswari J.K. and Paul S.R., The exotic flora of Ranchi, J Bombay Nat Hist. 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<#LINE#>Population Trends, Species Variations and Habitat use by Egrets, Herons and Storks at Kolleru Wetland, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>V.Vasudeva@rao,B.@Naresh,Surender@G.,K.@Swamy<#LINE#>28-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-224.pdf<#LINE#> All India Network Project on Agricultural Ornithology, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 30. INDIA <#LINE#>15/10/2014<#LINE#>23/12/2014<#LINE#>The present study was aimed to study the population trends, species variation and habitat utilization pattern of egrets, herons and storks at Kolleru wetland, Andhra Pradesh. The Kolleru wetland is a large perennial water body and provides food, shelter, nesting and breeding for many winter and local birds. The population and habitat utilization of these species showed difference in relation to various habitats during the study period.  A total of 13 species were recorded belonging to the family Ardeidae, among which 5 species of herons, 4 species of egrets and 4 species of bitterns. While in the family Ciconiidae three species of storks were recorded among which Openbill stork was recorded in high numbers and the other two species (Painted stork and Adjutant stork) are rarely observed. The percent habitat utilization pattern of different water birds showed significant variations in relation to availability of various habitat types in the study area. <#LINE#> @ @ Whittaker R.H. and Likens G.E., Primary production: the biosphere and man, Hum. 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BombayNat. His.Soc.,85, 251-260 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hudson J.A., Bill clattering display in the Common heron (Ardea cinerea), Ibis, 107, 460-465 (1965) @No $ @ @ Mose M.E., Prey profitability of adult Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and the constraints on prey size when feeding young nestlings, Ibis, 128, 392-405 (1986) @No $ @ @ Russel B.R. and Burt E.H., Weather dependant foraging of Great Blue Heron, Auk, 96, 628-629 (1979) @No $ @ @ Powell A.H., Reproduction by Great White Heron (Ardea hirodias) in Florida Bay as an indication of habitat vulnerability, Biol. Conserv.,36, 101-113 (1986) @No $ @ @ Rodgers  J.A. Jr., Little Blue Heron breeding behaviour, Auk, 97, 371-384 (1980) @No $ @ @ Mock D.W., Pair formation display of the Great Egret. Condor,80, 159-172 (1978) @No $ @ @ Hancock J., Aerial stretch display of the eastern race of the Great White Egret (Egretta alba). Ibis, 126, 92-94  (1984) @No $ @ @ Blaker D., The behaviour of Egretta garzetta and Egretta intermedia, Ostrich,40, 50-155 (1969) @No $ @ @ Lancaster D.A., Breeding behaviour of the Cattle Egret in Columbia, Living Bird,, 167-194 (1970) @No $ @ @ Siegfried W.R., The nests of Cattle Egret, Ostrich, 42, 193-197 (1971) @No $ @ @ Scott D. and Powell J.A., Commensal feeding of Little Blue Heron with Manatees, Wilson Bull.,94, 215 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sodhi N.S. and Khera S., Food, food requirements during growth and feeding behaviour of nestling of Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis coromandeus (Boddaert), Pavo, 22, 21-29 (1984) @No $ @ @ Singh N. and Sodhi N.S., Heronries and breeding population density of the Ropar District (Punjab), Pavo, 23, 77-84 (1985) @No $ @ @ Burger J., The pattern and mechanism of nestling growth in mixed species heronries, In : Wading Birds Research Report No. 7.,  Natural Audubon society, New York, (1978) @No $ @ @ Braithwaite L.M. and Clayton M., Breeding of the Nakeen Night Herons Niycticorax calendonicus when in juvenile plumage, Ibis,118, 584-586 (1976) @No $ @ @ Naik R.M. and Parasharya B.M., Impact of food availabity, natural habitat destruction and regional cultural variation of human settlements on the nesting behaviour of a coastal bird, Egretta gularis in western India, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 84, 350-360 (1987) @No $ @ @ Thompson L.S., Nest tree sharing by Herons andCarmorants, Can. Field. Nat., 35, 257-260 (1981) @No $ @ @ Ali S. and Vijayan V.S., Keoladeo National Park ecology study, Summary report submitted to department of Environment, Gol., 185 (1986) @No $ @ @ Vijayan V.S., On conserving the bird fauna of Indian wetland, Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci., (Animal science, Plant science Suppl.), 91, 101 (1987) @No $ @ @ Vasudeva Rao V., Mallareddy Ch., Srinivasulu C. and Nagulu V., Habitat preference pattern of ducks at selected water bodies of nalgonds district, Andhra Pradesh, Pavo,35, 25-28 (1997) @No $ @ @ Dhua B., Mondal R.P. and Dutta T.K.,Study of Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert) population in relation to rainfall and nest formation in Barachaka Village of Bankura District, West Bengal, IndiaInternational Journal of Advanced Research, 1(9), 358-363 (2013) @No $ @ @ Roy P.B. and Sah R., Causes of Temporal Variation in the Arrival of Asian Open Bill Stork Population : A Case Study of Kulik Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2(4), 39-43 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jiang A. and Ning Y.,A new distribution site of the Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) in southwestern China, Chinese Birds, 1(4), 259–260 (2010) @No $ @ @ Singha H., Ecology, biology and ethology of Greater Adjutant Stork Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin) in Assam, India, Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. Aligarh Muslim University (1998) @No $ @ @ Gaston A.J., Methods for estimating bird populations, J. Bomb Nat. Hist. Soc., 72(2), 272-281 (1972) @No $ @ @ Stewart R.E and  Kantrud H.A., Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota, The AUK 89(4), 766-788 (1972) @No $ @ @ Grimmett R., Inskipp C. and Inskipp T, Pocket Guide of the Birds of the Indian sub continent, Oxford University Press, Mumbai (2001) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee A.K., Food habits of water birds of the sunderans, 24 paraganas district, West Bengal, India, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,72(1), 423-447 (1972) @No $ @ @ Joel P.J., Vasudeva Rao V. and Nagulu V., Checklist of water birds in two different habitats in Nellore (Dist), Andhra Pradesh (1994) @No $ @ @ Joel P.J., Breeding biology and feeding habits of little egret (Egretta garzetta) at Nellore Andhra Pradesh, Ph.D. Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad (1991) @No $ @ @ Nelson J.W.  and  Kadale J.A., A conceptual approach to relating habitat structure and micro invertebrate production in freshwater wetlands, Trans. N. Am. Wild and Nat. Resur. Cont,49, 262-270 (1984) @No $ @ @ Fredrickson. L.H. and Reid F.A., Wetland and riparian habitats nongame management over-view, Proceeding of 47th Midwest Fish and wildlife conference 17 December 1985, Michigan, 60-96 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kahl M.P., Food and feeding behaviour of Openbill Storks, Journal of ornithology,112, 21-35 (1971) @No 
<#LINE#>Protective effect of Salt (sodium chloride) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Physicochemical attributes of sun-dried Tengra fish (Mystus tengra; Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) at Laboratory condition<#LINE#>F.B@Farid,G.A@Latifa,Chakraborty@S.C.NahidM.N,M@Begum<#LINE#>33-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-231.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BANGLADESH @ Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, BANGLADESH @ Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka 1205, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>24/10/2014<#LINE#>9/12/2014<#LINE#>Sun-drying is one of the most important low cost methods of fish preservation and the products provide nutrients to all categories of people through the world including Bangladesh. The experiment was subjected to the difference between biochemical-composition and quality-analysis of sun-dried salted (SDS) and turmeric treated sun-dried salted (SDS+T) Tengra fish product for making a better flavored product with a view to preserve it in laboratory level for a long time. In fresh-process condition the values of total volatile base nitrogen , pH and free fatty acid were 1.9 mgN/100g, 6.3, 1.8% in case of SDS and 2.52 mgN/100g, 6.4 and 1.6% in case of SDS+T Tengra respectively. This value increased significantly (p0.05) with the time of storage and between this two products, these values rapidly increased in SDS tengra than SDS+T Tengra fish-product and at the end of 12 months, the SDS  Tengra fish-product became spoiled whereas SDS+T Tengra fish-product still in fresh condition. The TVB-N value had been found to have inverse relationship with the sensory score of both dried products. From the overall performance, it has been proved that this fish was highly acceptable level in salt-turmeric condition and also maintain best quality.  <#LINE#> @ @ DOF (Dept. of Fisheries), Fisheries statistics Year Book of Bangladesh, 2009-2010, Fisheries Resources Survey System, Dept. of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock,  Matshya Bhaban, Dhaka, 46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ali M. Hasan, N.M.R.M.B. and Minar M.H., Proximate composition of fish feed Ingredients available in Lakshmipur Region, Bangladesh, American-Eurasian J.Agric. and Environ. Sci., 12(5), 556-560 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kabir K.M.R., Adhikary R.K., Hossain M.B. and Minar M.H., Livelyhood Status of Fisherman of the Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh, World Applied Sciences Journal,16(6), 869-873 (2012) @No $ @ @ Minar M.H., Adhikary R.K., Begum M., Islam M.R. and Akter T., Proximate composition of hilsha (Tenualosailisha) in laboratory condition, Bangladesh Journal of Progressive Sci. Technol., 10(1), 057-060 (2012) @No $ @ @ Koffi-Nevry R., Ouina T.S.T., Koussemon M. and BrouK., Chemical composition and lactic micro flora of Adjuevan, a traditional Ivorian fermented fish condition, Pak. J. Nutr., 10, 332-337 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.B., Amin S.N., Shamsuddin M. and Minar M.H., Use of Aqua-chemicals in the Hatcheries and Fish Farmers of Grater Noakhali, Bangladesh, Asian J. of Animal and Vet. Ad., 8(2), 401-408 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oluborode G.B., Omorinkoba W.S. and Bwala R.L., Development and Construction of an Electric Furnace and Control System for fish drying, Afr. J. Eng. Res. Dev. (Devon Science Publication), 3(2), 123-128 (2010) @No $ @ @ Turan H., Sonmez G., Celic M.Y. and Yalcin M., Effects of different salting process on the storage quality of Mediterranean Muscle (Mystus Galloprovincialis L. 1819) @No $ @ @ , J. Muscle Foods, 18, 380-390 (2007) @No $ @ @ Leroi F., Joffraud J.J. and Chevalier F, Effect of salt and smoke on the microbiological quality of cold- smoked salmon during storage at 5 Degrees C as estimated by the factorial design method, J. Food Prot., 63, 502-508 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kiaye,Effect of Improved Processing Techniques on the quality and storage Stability of Tilapia from L. Victoria in Kenya, M. Sc Thesis, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya, (2004) @No $ @ @ Aggarwal B.B., Chitra S. and Ichikawa H., Curcumin, The Indian solid gold, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595, 1-75.DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Narain U., Tripathi S. and Misra K., Bioconj. Chem., 12, 464 (2001) @No $ @ @ Haniffa M.A., Dhanaraj M., Ramakrishnan C.M.  and Manju R.A.,  Aquaculture Asia, 11(3), 18 (2006) @No $ @ @ Santosh P., Hye J.K., Jeong E.K. and Jae G.J., Separation of an effective fraction from turmeric against Streptococcus mutans biofilms by the comparison of curcuminoid content and anti-acidogenic activity, Food Chem., 126, 1565-1570 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay I., Biswas K., Bandyopadhyay U. and Banerjee R.K., Curr. Sci., 87(1), 44 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lithi U.J., Hassan M.N., Hossain M.M. and Alam A.K.M.N., Suitability of harbal pesticides, turmeric and neem, in repelling dry fish insect Necrobia sp., Adult. J. of Bang. Agric. Univ., 10(2), 339-348. DOI: 10. 3329/Jbau.v10i2.14927, (2012) @No $ @ @ AOAC. (Association of Official Analytical Chemist). Official methods of Analysis (15th ed.). Inc., Suite, 400, Arlington, Virginia., 2, 685-1298 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pearson D., Pearson’s composition and analysis of foods. University of Reading, (1999) @No $ @ @ Peryan D.R., Pilgrim F.J., The Methology of sensory testing, IFST sykp, Pittsburg, U.S.A., Food Technology Champaign II.,  9-14 (1957) @No $ @ @ Conway E.J. and Byrne A., Micro- diffusion analysis of TVNBiochem. J.,  27, 419-4299 (1993) @No $ @ @ Vynke W., pH of fish muscle comparison of methods, Western European Fish Technologists’ Association (WEFTA), Copenhagen, Denmark, (1981) @No $ @ @ Osman N.H., Suriah A.R. and Law E.C., Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of selected marine fish in Malaysian waters, Food Chem., 73, 55–60 (2001) @No $ @ @ Davies  R.M and Davies O.A, Traditional and Improved Fish Processing Technologies in Values of Fish, (Tropical Science), 33, 183-189 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mazorra-Manzano M.A., Pacheco-aguilar R., Díaz-Rojas E.I. and Lugo-Sánchez M.E., Postmortem changes in black skipjack muscle during storage in ice, J. of Food Sci., 65, 774-779 (2000) @No $ @ @ Morshed M., Sun dried products of Bombay duck and its quality assessment at different storage condition, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, 29 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zhou R., Liu Y., Xie J and Wang X., Effects of combined treatment of electrolysed water and chitosan on the quality attributes and myofibril degradation in farmed obscure puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) during refrigerated storage, Food Chemistry, 129(4), 1660-1666,(2011) @No $ @ @ Patr B., Gürel A, Ate Gve and Dinçolu AH,  Potasyum Sorbat Uygulanm Tuz Kürü Aynal Sazan (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Filetolarnn Üretimi ve Muhafazas Srasnda Meydana Gelen Mikrobiyolojik ve Kimyasal Deimler Üzerine Aratrmalar, Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2),31-4 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gram L., Ravn L., Rasch M., Bruhn J.B., Christensen A.B. and Givskov M., Food spoilage-interactions between food spoilage bacteria, Int.J.of Food Microb.,78, 79-97 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chaijan M., Benjakul S., Visessanguan W. and Faustman C., Changes of lipids in sardine (Sardinella gibbosa) muscle during iced storage, Food Chem.,99, 83–91 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ghaly A.E., Dave D., Budge S. and Brooks M.S., Fish spoilage mechanism and preservation techniques review, Am. J. Appl. Sci., 7(7), 859-877 (2010) @No $ @ @ Virta S., Bachelor’s Thesis, Isolation and Identification of Rainbow Trout spoiling Microbiota. Biotechnology and Food Technology, Turku University of Applied Science, 8, (Unpublished) (2009) @No $ @ @ Erkan N., Tosun S.Y., Ulusoy S. and Uretener G., The use of thyme and laurel essential oil treatments to extend the shelf life of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) during storage in Ice, Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit,6(1), 39-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ FAO/ SIFAR,  Non-Sensory Assessment of Fish quality, (FAO in partnership with support unit for International Fisheries and Aquatic Research, SIFAR, Torry Advisory Note No., 92  (2001) @No $ @ @ Nair P.G.V. and Suseela M., Biochemical composition of fish and shell fish, In: CIFT-Technology advisory services, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin,  281-289 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tungkawachara S., Park J. and Choi Y., Biochemical properties and consumer acceptance of Pacific whiting fish sauce, J Food Sci, 68, 855-860 (2003) @No 
<#LINE#>Determination of Raw Starch Hydrolytic Property of Fungal Isolates from Microbiology Laboratory<#LINE#>SoorajS.@Nath,K.V.@Smitha<#LINE#>41-44<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-233.pdf<#LINE#> SIAS-Centre for Scientific Research (CSR), Safi Institute of Advanced Study, Vazhayoor, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>29/10/2014<#LINE#>31/12/2014<#LINE#>This study was aimed at isolating fungal strains from microbiology laboratory and determining its raw starch hydrolytic property. A totalof seven fungal strains were isolated from different places such as foot step, door mat, switch board, work bench, fan, lamp, water tap, floor, laboratory equipment surfaces and windows. The fungal isolates were incubated at room temperature inpotato infusion agar withtapioca powder as substrate and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Aspergillus carbonarius gave highest raw starch hydrolysing activity on tapioca starch. <#LINE#> @ @ Henrissat B., A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities, Biochem. J., 280(2), 309–316 (1991) @No $ @ @ Coutinho P. and Henrissat B., Carbohydrate active enzymes. In: Recent Advances in Carbohydrate bioengineering, H. Gilbert, G. Davies, B. Svensson and B. Henrissat (Ed.), pp. 3-12, Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0854047743, Cambridge, (1999) @No $ @ @ Pandey A., Nigam P., Soccol C., Soccol V., Singh D. and Mohan R., Advances in microbial amylases, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 31(2), 135–152 (2000) @No $ @ @ Fukumoto J. and Okada S., Studies on bacterial amylase, Amylase types of Bacillus subtilis species, J. Ferment. Technol., 41(1), 427-434 (1963) @No $ @ @ Marc J.E., Van der Maarel C., Joost B.V., Uitdehaag C.M., Leemhuis H. and Dijkhuizen L., Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the amylase family, J. Biotechnology, 94(2), 137-155 (2002) @No $ @ @ Thompson D.B., On the non-random nature of amylopectin branching, Carbohydrate Polymers, 43(3), 223–239 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bertoft E., Composition of clusters and their arrangement in potato amylopectin, Carbohydrate Polymers, 68(3), 433-446 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhu F., Corke H. and Bertoft E., Amylopectin internal molecular structure in relation to physical properties of sweet potato starch, Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(3), 907-918 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aunstrup K., Production, isolation and economics of extracellular enzymes, In: Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering, J. Wingard, L. Katchalski – Katzir and L. Golstein (Ed.), pp. 27-69, Academic Press, ISBN 0120411024, New York, USA, (1979) @No $ @ @ Arnesen S., Eriksen S.H., Olsen J. and Jensen B., Increased production of alpha amylase from Thermomyceslanuginosus by the addition of Tween-80, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 23(3), 249–252 (1998) @No $ @ @ Doyle E.M., Noone A.M., Kelly C.T., Quigley T.A. and Fogarty W.M., Mechanisms of action of the maltogenic -amylase of Byssochlamysfulva, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 22(7), 612–616 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zare-Maivan H. and Shearer C.A., Extracellular enzyme production and cell wall degradation by freshwater lignicolous fungi, Mycology, 80(3), 365-375 (1988) @No $ @ @ Petruccioli M. and Federici R.G., A note on the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes by yeast-like fungi and related microorganisms, Ann. Microbiol. Enzimol., 42(1), 81-86 (1992) @No $ @ @ Domsch K.H., Gams W. and Anderson T.H., Compendium of soil fungi, pp. 859, IHW-Verlag, ISBN 3980308383, Alemanha, (1995) @No $ @ @ Wang Y.W. and Wang Y.,Study on nutrient physiology of some species of Ganoderma, Edible Fungi of China, 9(5), 7–10 (1990) @No $ @ @ De Mot R., Andries K. and Verachtert H., Comparative study of starch degradation and amylase production by ascomycetous yeast species, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 5(1), 106-118 (1984a) @No $ @ @ De Mot R., Demeersman M. and Verachtert H., Comparative study of starch degradation and amylase production by non-ascomycetous yeast species, Syst. Appl. Microbiol.5(3), 421-432 (1984b) @No $ @ @ De Mot R., Van Oudendijck E., Hougaerts S. and Verachtert H., Effect of medium composition on amylase production by some starch-degrading yeasts, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 25(2), 169-173 (1984c) @No $ @ @ McCann A.K. and Barnett J.A., Starch utilization by yeasts: mutants resistant of carbon catabolite repression, Curr. Genet., 8(7), 525-530 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sarikaya E., Takahiko H., Motoyasu A. and Mikami B.,Comparison of degradation abilities of - and - amylases on native starch granules, Process Chem., 35, 711-715 (2000) @No $ @ @ Haiyn S., Xiangyang G., Lu W., Pingjuan Z. and Ming P., Microbial production of raw starch digesting enzymes, African J. Biotechnology, 24, 1734-1739 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of sowing Depth on Seed germination of Butea frondosa (Roxb.)<#LINE#>K.R.@Ahirwar<#LINE#>45-47<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-239.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Govt. P. G. College Niwari, Distt. Tikamgarh, M. P. INDIA <#LINE#>25/11/2014<#LINE#>18/1/2015<#LINE#>An attempt has been made to analyze the effect of sowing depth of soil on seed germination of Butea frondosa. The results reveals that the seed sown at 2 cm depth of soil gave better seed germination followed by D2 (2cm) depth of soil. A gradual decrease in the percentage of seed germination was found with an increase of depth of sowing. It is very clear that seeds of Butea frondosa should be sown at 2 cm depth of soil to obtain the maximum seedling of Butea frondosa. <#LINE#> @ @ Singh R.V. and Virendra Singh, Germination of Silver fir Abies pindrow SPACH) as effected by depth of sowing, Indian Journal of forestry, 7(4), 328-329 (1984) @No $ @ @ Lal H., Nautiyal M. C. and Sharma R.M.,  Walnut seed germination : Effect of planting depth and seed position in soil,  Progressive Horti., 16,  6-8 (1984) @No $ @ @ Kumar Devendra and Mishra Dhruv kumar, Effect of seed orientation and sowing depth on germination and seedling performance of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) seeds, Ann. For., 15(2), 311–321 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mertia R.S.,  Sinha N.K., Santra Priyabrata and Singh Daleep, Influence of seed size and sowing depth on emergence and growth performance of Salvadora oleoides in the Indian Thar Desert,  Indian Forester, 138(7),  646–651 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shivaa M.K., Vanangamudi K. and Mani G., Effect of orientation and sowing depth on seed germination and seedling vigour of Neem, My Forest,39(3), 257-260 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chandra J.P. and Atma Ram, Studies on depth of sowing deodar seed, Indian Forester, 106(12), 882–855, (1980) @No $ @ @ Singh R.V., Chandra J.P. and Sharma S.N., Effect of depth of sowing on germination of kail seeds, Indian Forester, 99, 367–371 (1973) @No $ @ @ Poonammal N.R., Antony K.A. and Arjunan M.C., Seed polymorphism, seed germination and seedling biomass in Syzium cumini (L), Trop. For., 8, 155–159 (1992) @No $ @ @ Mutha Neetu Burman, Uday, Harsh L.N. and Tiwari J.C., Effect of sowing depth on germination and seedling quality of Prosopis juliflora, Journal of tree science, 14, 41–43 (1995) @No $ @ @ Shivaa M.K., Vanangamudi K. and Mani G., Effect of orientation and sowing depth on seed germination and seedling vigour of Neem, My Forest, 39(3), 257–260 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nagarajan M. And Mertia R.S., Effefct of seed size and sowing depth on germination and seedling growth of colophospermum mopane (Kirk Ex Benth), Indian Forester, 132(8), 1007–1112 (2006) @No $ @ @ Agrawal R.P., Bajpai S.P. and Tiwari Pradeep, Effect of depth of sowing on growth and survival of ten species of forest tree, Journal Trop. Forestry, 12, 151-155 (1996) @No $ @ @ Pande A.K. and Khatoon Sayeeda, Effect of orientation of seed placement and depth of sowing on seedling emergence in Sterculia urens Roxb, Indian Forester, 125, 720–724 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ahirwar J.R.,  Effect of sowing depth on seed germination of Alangium lamarckii Thwaites, 137(12), 1464-1465, (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Scanning Electron Microscopy of Adhesive Apparatus of Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland) of Meghalaya, India<#LINE#>B@Massar<#LINE#>48-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-243.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong-793001, Meghalaya, INDIA <#LINE#>29/11/2014<#LINE#>5/1/2015<#LINE#>Garra lissorhynchus(McClelland) also known as the “Khasi Garra” is a species of ray finned fish in the genus Garra. The species is commonly found inhabiting the torrential rivers in the Khasi Hills Districts of the state of Meghalaya in India, and thus the name “Khasi Garra”. The adhesive organ of this species was studied with the help of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that the mouth of the fish is guarded with upper fringed labial fold or lip and lower lip that has been modified into the main adhesive organ or disc. The adhesive disc consists of crescent callous pad, modified labial fold and posterior free margin. Many tubercles bearing curved spines were observed on the lips and labial folds whereas, numerous mucous openings were observed on the callous pad. The study suggested that spines and mucous together help the fish attach firmly to substratum under strong water currents.<#LINE#> @ @ Vishwanath W., Mahanta P.C., Anganthoibi N. and Sarma D., Coldwater fishes of  India an Atlas. Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (Indian Council of  Agricultural Research) Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Army Printing Press, Lucknow, 2, 115 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.K., Structural modifications in Hill-stream fishes, In Hill Stream Fishes Along the Indo-Nepal Border, Mittal Publications New Delhi (India), 10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hora S.L., Structural modification of fishes of mountain torrent, Rec. Ind. Mus., 24, 31-61 (1922) @No $ @ @ Rauther M., Der Saugmund von Discognathus, Zool. J. Abt., , 45-76 (1928) @No $ @ @ Saxena S.C., Adhesive apparatus of a hillstream cyprinid fish, Garra mullya (Sykes), Proc. Natn. Inst. Sci., India, 26, 176–188 (1959) @No $ @ @ Ojha J. and Singh S.K., Functional morphology of the anchorage system and food scrapers of a hill stream fish, Garra lamta (Ham.) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes), J. Fish Biol., 41, 159-161 (1992) @No $ @ @ Nagar K.C., Sharma M.S., Tripathi A.K. and Sansi R.K., Electron Microscopic study of Adhesive organ of Garra lamta (Ham), I. Res. J. Biological Sci 1(6), 43-48 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh N., Agarwal N.K. and Singh H.R., SEM investigations on the adhesive apparatus of Garra gotyla gotyla (Family-Cyprinidae) from Garhwal Himalayas, In: Singh H.R. (Eds),  Advances in Fish Biology, Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 281-291 (1994) @No $ @ @ Gaur K.S., Sharma V., Verma V. K. and Sharma M.S., SEM study of Adhesive organ of typical Hill Stream fish Garra gotyla (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), J. Cell and Tissue Research, 13(1), 3473-3478 (2013) @No $ @ @ Teimori A., Esmaeili H.R. and Ansari T.H., Micro-structure Consideration of the Adhesive Organ in Doctor fish, Garra rufa (Teleostei : Cyprinidae) from Persian Gulf Basin, Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 11, 407-411 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dey S., Baul T.S.B., Roy B. and Dey D., A new rapid method of air-drying for Scanning Electron Microscopy using Tetra-methyl Silane, J. Microscopy,156, 259-261 (1989) @No $ @ @ Linthoingambi I., Shashibala N. and Dayabanta K., Histological studies of adhesive organ in cyprinid fish, Garra abhoyai Hora, from Manipur, India (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(3), 66-70 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tortora G.J. and Grabowski S.R., The lymphatic system, nonspecific resistance to diseases, and immunity, In: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (7th Eds), Harper Collins College Publishers, 692 (1993) @No $ @ @ Ojha J., Anchorage system in hillstream fishes. In Biology of Hillstream Fishes, Narendra Publishing House, Delhi-110006, 66 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Methi Lutein prevents Oxidative Stress induced DNA Damage and Cytotoxicity<#LINE#>Leela@Srinivas,S.S.@ThammannaGowda<#LINE#>54-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-244.pdf<#LINE#>Adichunchanagiri Bitotechnology and Cancer Research Institute, B.G.Nagara-571448, Mandya, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>1/12/2014<#LINE#>4/1/2015<#LINE#>  The detrimental effect of oxidative stress has been known since a long, which may cause the deleterious effect on DNA and finally leads to death. The present investigation revealed the DNA protectant effect of Lutein anti-oxidant purified from fresh Methi (Trigonellafoenumgraecum) leaves. Ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid (10:100µM) induced the lipid peroxidation and fragmentation in DNA in human lymphocytes model systems. Methi lutein inhibits the formation of lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in fresh human lymphocytes to the magnitude of 80% and 76% respectively. On treatment of Cow dung smoke condensate with human lymphocytes could lead to the adduct formation in human DNA which was controlled by the Methi Lutein (20M) effectively.  U.V radiation induced DNA double strand break and cross linking was strongly controlled by the Methi lutein in Calf thymus DNA when compared to the standard antioxidants BHA and -tocopherol.  Methi lutein might also avoid the cytotoxicity induced by the H2 and Fe:AA in fresh lymphocytes by maintaining the 80% viability even after 2 hours of treatment.  <#LINE#> @ @ Karanika S., Karantanos, T., Li L., Corn PG and Thompson T.C., DNA damage response and prostate cancer: defects, regulation and therapeutic implications, Oncogene.,10, 1038-238 (2014) @No $ @ @ In Young Kim., Yu-Ying He., Trehalose facilitates DNA melting : A single-molecule optical tweezers study, J Genes., 22, 1-11 (2014) @No $ @ @ Dizdaroglu M. and Simic M.G., (b) Radiation induced formation of thymine-thymine cross links, Int. J. Radiant Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med.,46, 241-246 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ensminger M., Iloff L., ebel C., Nikolova T., Kaina B. and Lobrich M., DNA breaks and chromosomal aberrations arise when replication meets base excision repair, J Cell Biol.,7, 206(1), 29-43 (2014) @No $ @ @ McMahon C.K. and T Soukalas S.N., In: Carcinogenesis: Polynuclear Aromatic hydrocarbons (Jones PW  and Frudenthal RL eds) Raven Press New York., , 61 (1976) @No $ @ @ Slupphaug G., Kavli B. and Krokan H.E., The interacting pathways for prevention and repair of oxidative DNA damage, Mutat. Res.,29,531, 231- 51(2003) @No $ @ @ Cooke M.S., Evans M.D., Dizdaroglu M., and Lunec J., Oxidative DNA damage : Mechanisms, mutation, and disease, FASEB J.,17, 1195-1214 (2003) @No $ @ @ Valko M., Morris H. and Cronin. MTD., Metals, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress, Current Med. Chem., 12, 1161-1208 (2005) @No $ @ @ Parthasarathy S., Santanam N., Ramachandran S. and Meilhac O.,  Oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis : An appraisal, Journal of Lipid Research, 40, 2143-157 (1999) @No $ @ @ Frei B., Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University., (1997) @No $ @ @ Singh R.P., Sharad S. and Kapur S., Free radicals and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: Relevance of Dietary Antioxidants,  JIACM., , 218-25 (2004) @No $ @ @ Valko M., Izakovic M., Mazur M., Rhodes C.J. and Telser J.,  Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence, Mol and Cell Biochem.,26, 637-56 (2004) @No $ @ @ Valko M., Leibfritz D., Moncola J., Cronin MTD., Mazura M. and Telser J.,  Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease, The Int J Biochem and Cell Biol.,  39, 44-84 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hai Chen., Hideyuki Yoshioka., Gab Seok Kim., JooEun Jung., NobuyaOkami., Hiroyuki Sakata., Carolina M., Maier., PurnimaNarasimhan., Christina E.. Goeders and Pak H. Chan.,Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Brain Damage : Mechanisms of Cell Death and Potential Molecular Targets for Neuroprotection, Antioxidants and Redox signaling., 14(8), 1505-1517 (2011) @No $ @ @ Halliwell B., Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annual Review of Nutrition.,16, 33-50 (1996) @No $ @ @ Liu S., Lee I.M., Ajani U., Cole S.R., Buring J.E. and Manson J.E., Intake of vegetables rich in carotenoids and risk of coronary heart disease in men : The Physicians’ Health Study, Int J Epidemiol., 30, 130–35 (2001) @No $ @ @ Greenberg E.R. and Sporn M.B., Antioxidant vitamins, cancer and cardiovascular disease, N Engl J Med.,334, 1189–90 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hung H.C., Joshipura K.J. and Jiang R., Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease, J Natl Cancer Ins.,96, 1577–84 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gate  L.,  Paul J.,  Ba G.N.,  Tew K.D. and  Tapiero H., Oxidative stress induced in pathologies : The role of antioxidants, Biomed Pharmacother.,53, 169–180 (1999) @No $ @ @ Raghavendra P.R., Thammanna Gowda S.S. and  Leela Srinivas,  Smoke treatment triggers the release of a novel DNA damaging factor by lymphocytes, J Mol. Cellular Biochem.,12(284) 73-79 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shalini V.K. and Srinivas L., Fuel smoke condensate induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes and protection by Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Mol. Cel Beioch.,  95, 21-30 (1990) @No $ @ @ Phillips H.J., Dye exclusion tests for cell viability.  In. Tissue culture methods (Kruse PF, Patterson MK eds)., 406-408 (1973) @No $ @ @ Burton K., A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid, Biochem. J., 62, 315 (1956) @No $ @ @ Nakayama T., Kaneko M. and Nagata C., Cigarette induces DNA strand breaks in human cells, Nature.,314, 462-464 (1985) @No $ @ @ Shalini V.K., Luthra M., Srinivas L., Rao H., Basti S., Reddy M. and Balasubramanian D.,  Oxidative damage to the eye lens caused by cigarette smoke and fuel smoke condensate, Ind J Biochem and Biophys.,31, 261-266 (1994) @No $ @ @ Vandana S Poovala., Vijaya K., Kanji, Hiroyasu tachikawa. and Abdulla K Salahudeen., Role of oxidant stress and Antioxidant protection in acephate-induced Renal Tubular cytotoxicity, Tox Sci.,46, 403-409 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ashraf Shabani. and Azra Rabbani., Lead nitrate induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages from rat lung, Toicology.,149, 109-114 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Simple and Efficient Protocol for RNA and DNA extraction from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Downstream Applications<#LINE#>M@JhalaVibhuti,B@MandaliyaViralkumar,S@ThakerVrinda<#LINE#>62-67<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-252.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat,  <#LINE#>19/12/2014<#LINE#>30/1/2015<#LINE#>Plant DNA and RNA extraction is difficult   due to the presence of metabolites that interfere with isolation procedures and downstream applications. In the present study DNA and RNA extraction protocol standardized from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Isolation of DNA using Triton-X-100 based extraction method with PVPP treatment efficiently removes metabolites and yield with high quality DNA from rice coleoptiles.RNA isolation methods based on TRIzol was suitable for rice leaf whereas in seed, TrisHCl (pH 9.0) with mercaptoethanol protocol gave best results. The isolated DNA and RNA proved to be suitable for PCR and RT-PCR amplification, respectively. The technique is reproducible and can be applied for PCR based markers identification and gene expression studies. <#LINE#> @ @ Fang G.H. and Grumet R., A quick and inexpensive method for removing polyccharides from plant genomic DNA, Biotechniques.,13(1), 52-56 (1992) @No $ @ @ Doyle J. J. and Doyle J. L., Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue, Focus., 12, 13–15 (1990) @No $ @ @ Pal. S.  Jain.S. Saini. N. and Jain R.K.,  DNA isolation from milled rice samples for PCR-based molecular marker analysis, Rice Genetics Newsletters., 18, 94-97 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chen Wen-yue.,  Cui Hai-rui.,  Bao Jin-song.,  Zhou Xiang-sheng and Shu Qing-yao., A Simplified Rice DNA Extraction Protocol for PCR Analysis, Rice Science., 13(1), 67-70, (2006) @No $ @ @ Rodrigues S.M., Virg´nia L.F., Soares Tahise, de Oliveira M., Abelmon S. Gesteira, Wagner C., Otoni and Marcio G.C., Isolation and Purification of RNA from tissues rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.),  Mol Biotechnol., 37, 220–224 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gambino G, Perrone I and Gribaudo I., A rapid and effective method for RNA extraction from different tissues of grapevine and other woody plants, Phytochem Anal., 19, 520–525 (2008) @No $ @ @ Xu J, Aileni M, Abbagani S and Zhang P., A reliable and efficient method for total RNA isolation from various members of spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), Phytochem Anal., 210, 395–8 (2010) @No $ @ @ Guifeng Wang, Gang Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Fang Wang and Rentao Song., Isolation of high quality RNA from Cereal seeds containing high levels of Starch, Phytochem. Anal., 23, 159–163 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mandaliya V.B., Pandya R.V. and Thaker V.S., Comparison of cotton DNA extraction methods for the high yield and quality from various cotton tissues, J. Cotton Res. Dev.,  24 (1), 9-12 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sghaier zidani., Genomic DNA extraction method from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) leaves,  African Journal of Biotechnology., 4(8), 862-866 (2005) @No $ @ @ Wilkie S.E., Issac P.G. and Slater R.J., Random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for genetic analysis in Allium, Theor. Appl. Genet., 86, 497-504 (1993) @No $ @ @ Murray M.G and Thomson W.F., Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA, Nucl Acids Res., 19,  4321–4325 (1980) @No $ @ @ Paterson A.H., Brubaker C.L. and Wendel J.F., A rapid method for extraction of cotton (Gossypium spp.) genomic DNA suitable for RFLP or PCR analysis, Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 11(2), 122-127,(1993) @No $ @ @ Sangha J.S.,  Gu K., Kaur J. and Yin Z., S An improved method for RNA isolation and cDNA library construction from immature seeds of Jatropha curcas L, BMC Res Notes,3(1), 126 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chomczynski P. and Sacchi N., Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, Anal. Biochem., 162, 156-9 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sambrook J. and Russell D.W.,  In Molecular cloning A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,(2001) @No $ @ @ Dellaporta S.L., Wood J. and Hicks J.B., A plant DNA mini preparation version II, Plant Mol Biol Rep., , 19-21 (1983) @No $ @ @ Arif I.A., Bakir M.A., Khan. H.A., Farhan A.H.,  Homaidan A.A.,  Bahkali A.H.M., Sadoon Al and Shobrak M., Application of RAPD for molecular characterization of plant species of medicinal value from an arid environment, Genet. Mol. Res., 9(4), 2191-2198 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pikbart M.J. and Villeponteau B., Suppression of PCR amplification by high levels of RNA,  Biotechniques., 14,24-25(1993) @No $ @ @ Niu C.,  Kebede H., Auld  D.L., Woodward  J.E., Burow G. and Wright R.J., A safe inexpensive method to isolate high quality plant and fungal DNA in an open laboratory environment, Afr. J. Biotech.,7(16), 2818-2822 (2008) @No $ @ @ De V.S.,  Hoge H and Bisseling T., Isolation of total and polysomal RNA from plant tissues, In Plant Molecular Biology Manual, B6, Gelvin SB, Schilperoort RA, Verma DPS (eds)., Kluwer Academic Publishers., 13(1993) @No
<#LINE#>A species spectrum of Montium-Subgroup of Drosophila Species from different Geographical Regions of Uttar Pradesh in India<#LINE#>Rabindra@kumar<#LINE#>68-69<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-227.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Harinam Singh Baghel Science and Technology College, Salon, Raebareli, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>18/10/2014<#LINE#>27/12/2014<#LINE#>The present investigation deals with species spectrum of montium- subgroup of Drosophila flies were collected from different geographical localities of Uttar Pradesh in India during different seasons by using fermented banana baits. The flies were collected from Munsiganj and Lalganj from Raebareli District; Kalakankar and Mangarh from Pratapgarh ; Bighapur and Navabganj from Unnao and Pallia and Dudhawa from Lakhimpur District of Uttar Pradesh in India. The flies were collected and kept in 70% alcohol . Male and Female flies were grouped on the basis of morphological characters and analyzed taxonomically on the basis of genital structure. In the present study we focused on only montium- subgroup of Drosophila species. In this group we find Drosophila jambulina,D.kikkawai and D.punjabiensis from different geographical regions of Uttar Pradesh in India. <#LINE#> @ @ Anderson A.R., Collinge J.E., Hoffmann A.A.,  Keldt M. and Mc Kechnie S.W., Thermal tolerance tradeoffs associated with the right arm of chromosome 3 and marked by the hsr-omega gene in D. melanogaster, Heridity, 40,195-202 (2003) @No $ @ @ Joshi A., Laboratory studies of density dependent selection : Adaptation to crowding in D.melanogaster, Curr. Sci., 72, 555-562 (1997) @No $ @ @ Parsons P.A., The evolutionary biology of colonizing species, Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge, UK, (1983) @No $ @ @ Parsons P.A, Evolutionary rates under environmental stress, Evol. Biol., 21, 311-357 (1987) @No $ @ @ Service P.M, Physiological mechanisms of increased stress resistance in D. melanogaster selected for postponed sensence, Physiol. Zoology., 60, 321-326 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gupta J.P., The family Drosophilidae in India, Indian Biologist,,7-30 (1974) @No $ @ @ Mc Alpine J.F., Morphology and terminology adult IV, In : Manual of Nearetic Diptera (Mc Alpine J.F.et al., eds), , 9-63, Agriculture Canada Monograph No.27, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, New York and London, (1981) @No $ @ @ Dobzhansky Th and A.B. da Cunha, Differentiation of nutritional preferences in Brazilian species of Drosophila, Ecology, 36(1), 34-39 (1955) @No $ @ @ Gupta J.P., Monograph on Indian Drosophilidae, J. of Scientific Research (B.H.U.), 51, 1-252 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kumar Rabindra and Kumar Ajai, Studies on Drosophilids (Diptera:Drosophilidae) of Gujarat state in India, Dros. Inf. Serv, 92, 106-109 (2009) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Pseudomonas Syringae: An Overview and its future as a Rain Making Bacteria<#LINE#>M@Prasanth.,Ramesh@Nachimuthu,K.M@Gothandam,KathikeyanSivamangala,T.@Shanthini<#LINE#>70-77<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-229.pdf<#LINE#> School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>24/10/2014<#LINE#>27/12/2014<#LINE#>Bioprecipitation is a process of precipitating water by precipitation causing microorganisms by its ice nucleating properties. The concept of rain-making bacteria is known since 1980’s but lack of research data makes it unrevised. Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative bacterium mostly known to have ice-nucleating properties causing plant diseases. Their huge numbers of pathovars were identified in different hosts each having different modes of action. As always known for its pathogenesis in plant species with its ice-nucleating gene (ina), a concept of ice minus bacteria was created in 1970’s which is against wild type P.syringae. So the bacterium lacking ice nucleating gene (ina) competed with wild type strain and succeeded. But findings say that a bacterium (wild type Pseudomonas syringae) was found on rain drops of different parts of the world and that bacterium is literally raining. More studies in this bacterium as a rain-making element may give as a better chance to know more about its role in life cycle.  <#LINE#> @ @ Constantinidou HA, Hirano SS, Baker LS, and Upper CD. Atmospheric Dispersal of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria: The Role of Rain. Phytopathol.,80, 934-937 (1990) @No $ @ @ Hoose C, Kristjánsson JE, Burrows SM. How important is biological ice nucleation in clouds on a global scale?, Environ. Res. Let.,5(2)(2010) @No $ @ @ Pratt KA, DeMott PJ, French JR, Wang Z, Westphal DL, Heymsfield AJ, Twohy CH, Prenni AJ and Prather KA, In situ detection of biological particles in cloud ice-crystals. Nat. Geosci.,, 398-401 (2009) @No $ @ @ Morris CE, Sands DC, Vinatzer BA, Glaux C, Guilbaud C, Buffiere A, Yan S, Dominguez H and Thompson BM, The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle, The ISME J.,2(3),321-334 (2008) @No $ @ @ Young JM, Pathogenicity and identification of the lilac pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902, Ann. Appl. Biol.,118, 283–298 (1991) @No $ @ @ Young JM, Taxonomy of Pseudomonas syringae, J. Plant Pathol., 92(2010) (1 Supplement) @No $ @ @ Doudoroff M, Palleroni NJ, Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula, 217–243. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons (ed.), Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., (1974) @No $ @ @ Dye DW, Bradbury JF, Goto M, Hayward AC, Lelliott RA and Schroth MN, International standards for naming pathovars of phytopathogenic bacteria and a list of pathovar names and pathotype strains, Rev. Plant Pathol., 59, 153–168 (1980) @No $ @ @ Stolp H, Starr MP, and Baigent NL, Problems in speciation of phytopathogenic pseudomonads and Xanthomonads, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.,, 231-264 (1965) @No $ @ @ Mansvelt EL and Hattingh JM, Scanning electron microscopy of colonization of pear leaves by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae,Can. J. Bot., 65(12), 2517-2522 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sabaratnam S and Beattie GA, Differences between Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and Pantoeaagglomerans BRT98 in Epiphytic and Endophytic Colonization of Leaves, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(2),1220–1228 (2003) @No $ @ @ Young JM, Dye DW, Bradbury JF, Panagopoulos CG and Robbs CF, A proposed nomenclature and classification for plant pathogenic bacteria, New Zealand J. Agri. Res.,21, 153-177 (1978) @No $ @ @ Cuppels DA and Ainsworth T, Molecular and physiological characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolastrains that produce the phytotoxin coronatine, Appl. 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<#LINE#>Autophagy: Molecular Insight and Role in Plant Programmed Cell Death and Defense Mechanism.<#LINE#>M.S.@Khan,S.@Hemalatha<#LINE#>78-83<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-241.pdf<#LINE#>School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai-600048 (TN), INDIA <#LINE#>28/11/2014<#LINE#>2/1/2015<#LINE#>Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved pathway of vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic constituents. The characteristic feature of the pathway is double membrane bound autophagosome which transfer the damaged and excessive cell components to the lysosome or vacuoles for degradation and recycling. Autophagy allows the cell to survive under nutrient starvation and various biotic and abiotic stresses. The molecular mechanism of autophagy has been studied in yeast to mammals and also in plants. Many Experimental results suggested that the basic molecular mechanism and pathways are conserved in yeast, mammals and plants to a large extent. This review highlights basic molecular autophagy and its role in defense mechanism and programmed cell death in plants. <#LINE#> @ @ Zhuang X. and Jiang L.,Autophagosome biogenesis in plants: roles of SH, Autophagy,10(4), 704-705 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zhou L., Zhao J., Guo W. and Zhang T., Functional Analysis of Autophagy Genes via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in the vascular wilt fungus verticilliumdahlia, Journal of Genetics and Genomics.,40(8), 421-431 (2013) @No $ @ @ Floyd B.E., Morriss S.C., Macintosh G.C. and Bassham D.C., What to eat: evidence for selective autophagy in plants. 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<#LINE#>Painted stork Heronry at Veerapuram Village, Andhra Pradesh India, A case study<#LINE#>Ramesh@ChinnaPujari,Philip@GundalaHarold<#LINE#>84-88<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-238.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu-515003, AP, INDIA <#LINE#>21/11/2014<#LINE#>23/12/2014<#LINE#>Painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala) has been a visitor to Veerapuram Village, Andhra Pradesh for more than a century. This heronry is quite large with more than 1000 birds. We have made survey between 2010 and 2014 on when these birds visit and leave the village, their nesting ecology and foraging areas. It was heartening for us to notice that these visitors did not breed in 2013. This could improve if there is enough food available for birds. <#LINE#> @ @ Agarwal M., Migratory birds in India: Migratory birds dwindling New Global India(http://newglobalindian.com/nature), (2011) @No $ @ @ Urfi A.J., The Painted Stork Ecology Conservation 21 Illus., in color., hardcover,  XVIII, p166 (2011) @No $ @ @ Birdlife international 2012. Painted storks (Mycteria leucocephala). In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of threatened Species. Version 2010.1. www.iucnredlist.org&#x-5.7;ä”´. Downloaded on 08 September (2012) @No $ @ @ Poole C., Sultanpur lake revived, Oriental Bird Club Bull., 19, 15 (1994) @No $ @ @ Urfi A.J., Meghana S. and Kalam A., Nesting ecology of the Painted Storks (Mycteria leucocephala) at Sultanpur National Park, Haryana, India, Forktail,(23), 150–153 (2007) @No $ @ @ Desai J.H., Feeding ecology and nesting of Painted Stork ibis leucocephalus at Delhi Zoo, International Zoo Yearbook, (11), 208-215 (1971a) @No $ @ @ Urfi A.J., On some new breeding records of water birds from the Delhi region, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.93), 94 – 95 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gopi G.V. and Pandav B., Observation on breeding biology of three stork species in Bhitarkanika mangroves, Indian birds, 3(2), 45-50 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bhat H.R., Jacob P.G. and Jamgaonkar A.V., Observations on a breeding colony of Painted Storks Mycteria Leucocephala) Pennat in Anantapuram District Andhra Pradesh, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society., 88, (3), 443–445 (1990) @No $ @ @ Urfi A.J., Meghanathan T.,  Kalam A. and Mahendiran  M.,  Nesting Asian Openbill and other heronry birds at Sulthanpur National Park (IBA) Mistnet,(6), 10 -12 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pathak and Chetna P., A Study of Ecology of Piscivorous Birds at Thol Bird Sanctury, Thesis PhD, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, (2011) @No $ @ @ Wimberger  P. H., The use of green plant material in bird nests to avoid ectoparasites, Auk, (101), 615-616 (1984) @No $ @ @ Clark L., Manson J. and Russel, Use of nest material as insecticidal and anti pathogenic agents by the European Starling, Oecologia, 67(2), 169-176 (1985) @No $ @ @ Schuetz and Justin G., Common waxbills use carnivore scat to reduce the risk of nest predation, Behavioral Ecology, 16(1), 133–137 (2005) @No $ @ @ Strecker John K., On the use, by birds, of snakes' sloughs as nesting material" (PDF), Auk, 53(4), 501–507 (1926) @No $ @ @ Medlin  Elizabeth C. and Thomas S. Risch, An experimental test of snake skin use to deter nest predation, The Condor, 108(4), 963–965 (2006) @No $ @ @ PattaNaik Narendra Prasad, Murthy S. E.N. and  Sudhakar Reddy C., Conservation of Painted Stork habitats in, Andra Pradesh, Current Science, 95(8), 1001 (2008) @No