@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Domestication of Seven Tanzanian Indigenous Saprophytic Edible Mushrooms<#LINE#>I@Juma,D.D.@Tibuhwa,A.M@Mshandete,A.K.@Kivaisi<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-067.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (MBB), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Uvumbuzi Road, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA <#LINE#>8/5/2015<#LINE#>27/10/2015<#LINE#>  Seven Tanzanian indigenous edible mushroom species were subjected to domestication trials using dried sugarcane tops as a substrate. Out of seven experimented species only two were successfully domesticated; Amylosporus sp. IJ-2014 and Polyporales sp. ‘Kusaghizi’. Generally spawn running period ranged from 2.5 to 7 weeks although the primordia formation and fructification differed markedly among the species. Amylosporus sp. IJ-2014 showed a short period as its premordia formed in 31±2 days while fructification commenced in 43±2 days since substrate spawning. In Polyporales sp. ‘Kusaghizi’ primordia formed in 67±2 days whereas fruitbodies developed in 105±2 days since substrate spawning. The higher mushroom yield was observed in Polyporales sp. ‘Kusaghizi’ with 23.29 g/ kg wet substrate compared to Amylosporus sp.  IJ-2014 with 15.50 g/ kg wet substrate. The biological efficiency mean values were 4.62% and 3.16% for Polyporales sp. ‘Kusaghizi’ and Amylosporus sp. IJ-2014, respectively. Further researches have to be done on the two species to establish optimum requirements for their cultivation hence escalating the yield. For the rest species which did not form fruitbodies, further work should be done especially by deploying strain specific-breeding techniques. <#LINE#> @ @ Tibuhwa D.D., Folk taxonomy and use of mushrooms in communities around Ngorongoro and Serengeti national park, Tanzania, J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., , 1-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barmon B.K., Sharmin I., Abbasi P.K. and Mamun A., Economics of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production in a selected Upazila of Bangladesh, The Agricul., 10(2), 77-89 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chioza A. and Ohga S., Cultivated mushrooms in Malawi: A look at the present situation, Adv. in Microbio., , 6-11 (2014) @No $ @ @ Mshandete A.M., Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities Ganoderma tsugae, a basidiomycetes mushroom indeginous from Tanzania, Int. J. Life Sci., 3(4), 189-194 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ming Y.L. and Wei Z.H., Antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from Laetiporus sulphureus in submerged cultures, Afr. J. Biotech., 11(23), 6350-6358 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mshandete A.M. and Cuff J., Cultivation of three types of indigenous wild edible mushrooms: Coprinus cinereus, Pleurotus flabellatus and Volvariella volvacea on composted sisal decortications residue in Tanzania, Afr. J. Biotech., 7(24), 4551-4562 (2008) @No $ @ @ Magingo F.S., Oriyo N.M., Kivaisi A.K. and Danell E., Cultivation of Oudemensiella tanzanica nom. prov. on agriculal solid wastes in Tanzania, Mycol. 96(2), 197-204 (2004) @No $ @ @ Staments P., Growing gourment and medicinal mushrooms, 3rd edition, Ten Speed Press, Berkley, California, 1-574 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dhouib A., Hamza M., Zouari H., Mechichi T., H’midi R., Labat M., Martinez M.J. and Sayadi S., Autochthonous fungal strains with high lignolytic activities from Tunisia biotopes, Afr. J. Biotech., , 431-436 (2005) @No $ @ @ Onyango B.O., Palapala V.A., Arama P.F., Wagai S.O. and Otieno C.A., Nutritional analysis of some composted and non-composted agricultural substrates used for Production of Kenyan native wood ear mushrooms  Auricularia auricular (L. Ex Hook.) Underw.], American J. Food Tech., , 804-816 (2011) @No $ @ @ Staments P. and Chilton J. S., The mushroom cultivator: A practice guide to growing mushrooms at home, Agarikon Press, Olimpia, Washington, 61-107 (1983) @No $ @ @ Morais M. H., Ramos A. C., Matos N. and Santos O. E. J., Note, production of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on lignocellulosic residues, Food Sci. Tech. Int., , 123-128 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tisdale T. E., Susan C. and Miyasaka-Hemmes D. E., Cultivation of the Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on wood substrates in Hawaii, W. J. Microb. Biotech., 22, 201-206 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amin R. S. M., Alam N., Sarker N. C., Hossain K. and Uddin M. N., Influence of different amount of rice straw per packet and rate of inocula on the growth and yield of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Bangl. J. Mush., , 15-20 (2008) @No $ @ @ Philippoussis A., Diamantopoulou P. and Zervakis G., Monitoring of mycelial growth and fructification of Lentinus edodes on several lignocellulosic residues, Mushroom biology and mushroom products, 279-287 (2002) (eds. Sanchez J. E., Huerts G. and Montiel E.), Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico, (2002) @No $ @ @ Sofi B., Ahmad M. and Khan M., Effect of different grains and alternate substrates on Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus) production, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 8(14), 1474-1479 (2014) @No $ @ @ Atikpo M., Onokpise O., Abazinge M., Louime C., Dzomeku M., Boateng L. and Awumbilla B., Sustainable mushroom production in Africa: A case study in Ghana,Afr. J. Biotech., , 249-253 (2008) @No $ @ @ Baysal E., Peker H., Yilinkilic M. K. and Temiz A., Cultivation of Oyster mushrooms on waste paper with some added supplementary materials, Biores. Technol., 89, 95-97 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mane V. J., Patil S. S., Syed A. A. and Baig M. M. V., Bioconversion of low quality lignocellulosic agricultural wastes into edible protein Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) singer, J. Zhejiang. Univ. Sci. B., , 745-751 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pleszczynska M., Wiater A., Siwulski M. and Szczodark J., Successful large-scale production of fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphurius (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill on an artificial substrate, W. J. Microbiol. Biotech., 29, 753-758 (2013) @No $ @ @ Omarin A., Lechner B. E. and Albert E., Polyporus tenuiculus: A new naturally occurring mushroom that can be industrially cultivated on agricultural wastes, J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotech., 36, 635-642 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ahila devi P., Veeralakshmi S., Parakasam V. and Vinothini M., Saw dust and wheat bran substrates for the cultivation of new wood ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc., Amer.-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 13(12), 1647-1649 (2013) @No $ @ @ Raymond P., Mshandete A. M. and Kivaisi A. K., Cultivation of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus HK-37) on solid sisal waste fractions supplemented with cow dung manure, J. Biol. Lif. Sci., 4(1): 273-286 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dulay R.M.R., Gagarin W.S., Abella E.A., Kalaw S.P.and Reyes R.G., Aseptic cultivation and nutrient compositions of Coprinus comatus (O. F. Müll) Pers. on Pleurotus mushroom spent, J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 4(3), 1-7 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Masculine and Feminine Patterns in Electrocardiogram: Sensitivity and Specificity of an Electrocardiographic Score for Sex Verification among Young Adult Nigerians<#LINE#>O@Ogunlade,RA@Bolarinwa,T@Ogunlade,OA@Eluwole<#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-115.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA @ 2 Department of Haematology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA @ Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA @ Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA <#LINE#>30/7/2015<#LINE#>13/9/2015<#LINE#>This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an electrocardiographic scoring system for sex verification in young adults. Four hundred and seventy four (474) healthy young adults (294 males,180 females). The mean (±SD) age, height, weight and body mass index of the participants were 23.85 ± 4.66years, 1.68 ± 0.83m, 66.3 ± 9.05kg and 21.82±2.80 respectively. A technician documented the sex of the participants and had their resting standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded according to standard protocol. A cardiologist who was blinded to the sex of the participant utilized Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score (OSDES) to determine the sex of participants. Females and males were identified by OSDES  7 and  7 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of OSDES was estimated for both sexes. Among the male population, true positives (TP), false positives (FP), false negatives (FN) and true negatives (TN) were 288, 6, 6 and 174 respectively. Among the females TP, FP, FN and TN were 174, 6, 6 and 288 respectively. Among males, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 97.96%, 96.67%, 97.96% and 96.67% respectively while among the females, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 96.67%, 97.96%, 96.67% and 97.96% respectively. This study concluded that the sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiogram in sex verification among young adults were high and that an individual’s sex can be verified using a biological signal such as electrocardiogram. Moreover, delineation of ECG into masculine and feminine patterns using the electrocardiographic score is an advancement with great clinical potentials in the area of ECG interpretation. <#LINE#> @ @ Fisch C., Centennial of the string galvanometer and the electrocardiogram, J Am Coll Cardiol., 36,1737-1745 (2000) @No $ @ @ Frye W.B., A history of the origin, evolution and impact of electrocardiography, J Am Coll Cardiol.,76, 641 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kligfield P., The Centennial of the Einthoven electrocardiogram, J Electrocardiol., 35, 123-129 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ogunlade O., Ayoka A.O., Akintomide A.O., Ajayi O.E., Ukponmwan O.E. and Ogunlade O.B., Gender differences in electrocardiogram of young adults in South-Western Nigeria, Eur J Sci Res., 81, 26-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Okin P.M., Roman M.J., Devereux R.B. and Kligfied P., Gender differences and the electrocardiogram in the left ventricular hypertrophy, Hypertension, 25, 242-249 (1995) @No $ @ @ Igbinedion B.O. and Akhigbe T.O., The accuracy of 2D ultrasound prenatal sex determination, Niger Med J., 53, 71-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ingerslev C.H. and Solow B., Sex differences in craniofacial morphology, Acta Odontol Scand., 33(2),85-94 (1975) @No $ @ @ Mathur R.U., Mahajan A.M., Dandekar R.C. and Patil R.B., Determination of Sex using Discriminant Function Analysis in Young Adults of Nashik: A Lateral Cephalometric Study, J Adv Med Dent Scie., 2(1), 21-25 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ogunlade O. and Asafa M.A., The basis and potentials of Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score (OSDES) in young adults, Clin Med Res, 4(2), 58-62 (2015) @No $ @ @ Einthoven W. Le telecardiogramme, Arch Int de Physiol, 14, 132-164 (1906) @No $ @ @ Mirvis D.M. and Goldberger A.L., Electrocardiography, In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald, (eds). Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 8th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, 149-193 (2008) @No $ @ @ Silverman M.E., Upshaw C.B. and Lange H.W, Woldermar Mobitz and His 1924 classification of second degree atrioventricular block, Circulation, 110, 1162-1167 (2004) @No $ @ @ Surawicz B. and Parikh S.R., Prevalence of male and female pattern of early repolarization in the normal ECG of males and females from childhood to old age, J Am Coll Cardiol, 40(10), 1870-1876 (2002) @No $ @ @ Scherptong R.W., Henkens I.R., Man S.C., Cessie S.L., Vliegen H.W., Maan A.C., Schalij M.J. and Swenne C.A., Interpretation of spatial QRS-T angle: Normal limits in healthy subjects and implications for risk stratification, Circulation, 118, 986 (2008) @No $ @ @ Asif I.M. and Prutkin J.M., Modern standards of ECG interpretation in young athletes: Yield and effectiveness, J Electrocardiol, 48, 292-297 (2015) @No $ @ @ Migliore F., Zorzi A., Michieli P., Marra M.P., Siciliano M., Rigato I., Bauce B., Basso C., Toazza D., Schiavon M., Iliceto S., Thiene G. and Corrado D., Prevalence of cardiomyopathy in Italian asymptomatic children with electrocardiographic T-wave inversion at preparticipation screening, Circulation, 125, 529-538 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Estimation of Tropical deforestation and Prediction of Biotic pressure zone for effective Forest management in Eastern Ghats of India<#LINE#>B@Balaguru,N@Nagamurgan,A@Kumaraguru,S@Soosairaj,T@Brinda<#LINE#>14-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-147.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Biodiversity Informatics, Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 020, INDIA @ Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Melur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 106 INDIA @ Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 021, INDIA @ Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 002, India <#LINE#>6/10/2015<#LINE#>23/10/2015<#LINE#>The tropical habitats, one of the most species rich and diversified formations on earth, face extensive loss of forest cover due to anthropogenic pressures. Precise inventory and monitoring using remote sensing and GIS, to estimate and monitor these anthropogenic factors is the need of the hour. This study comparatively analyses the specific forest habitats on Shervarayan hills, Eastern ghats of Tamil Nadu India for its forest cover changes due to anthropogenic pressures that have occurred in a decade (1999 to 2009). Buffer zones are generated for road network, villages and overlaid on vegetation type map. Based on their significant influences, the vegetation communities that are prone (risk zones) to the anthropogenic activities are accessed. It is reported that around 4358 ha. of dense forest and 7243 ha. of open forest area are severely degraded. While on the other hand there is an increase of 6670 ha. of scrub area. Similarly deforestation rate is high in buffer zones comprising roads (250 m) and foot paths (100 m) respectively. It is also reported that 7143 ha. is under low risk zone followed by Moderate risk (421 ha.) and high risk zones (1034 ha.). The study provides us with ideal and concrete information on deforestation and also gives inputs for better management of forest resources under anthropogenic pressure in future.  <#LINE#> @ @ Hamilton A.C., Deforestation in Uganda Nairobi, Kenya; The African Wildlife Society, Oxford university press (1984) @No $ @ @ WhitmoreT.C. and Sayer J.A., Tropical deforestation and species extinction, Switzerland’s, Chapman and Hall, world conservation Union, Gland and London (1992) @No $ @ @ Fearnside P.M., Saving tropical forests as a global warming countermeasure: An issue that divides the environmental movement, Ecological Economics, 39(2)167-184 (2001) @No $ @ @ Wright J.S., Tropical forests in a changing environment, Trends in Ecology and Evolution20(10), 553-560 (2005) @No $ @ @ May R.M, Stumpf M.P.H., Species area relations in tropical forests, Science, 290, 2084-2086 (2000) @No $ @ @ Freedom B., Environmental ecology; the impacts of pollution and other stresses on ecosystem structure and function, Academic press, San Diego (1989) @No $ @ @ Pimm S.L. and Gilpin M.E., Theoretical issues in conservation biology In perspectives in ecological theory eds. Roughgarden J., May. R.M., Levin, S.A., 287-305, Princeton University Press, Princeton (1989) @No $ @ @ Parrotta J.A. and Knowles O.H., Restoring tropical forests on land mined for bauxite examples for the Brazilian Amazon, Ecological Engineering, 17(2-3), 219-239 (2001) @No $ @ @ Brown R.I., State of the world 1985. A world Watch Institute reports on progress toward a sustainable society. WW. Norton, New York, USA., (1984) @No $ @ @ Wilson E.O., (ed) Biodiversity, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1988) @No $ @ @ Salami A.T., Vegetation modification and man-induced environmental change in rural southwestern Nigeria, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment ,70 (2-3),159-167 (1998) @No $ @ @ Turner I.M. and CorlettR.T., The conservation value of small, isolated fragments of lowland tropical rain forest, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11(8), 330-333 (1996) @No $ @ @ Pant D.N., Roy P.S., Semwal D.P. and Nalthani V., Impact of coal mining on land cover using remote sensing techniques. A case study in part of Jaintia hills, Meghalaya, 317-323, In: Proceedings of ISRS National Symposium on Remote Sensing Applications for Natural Resources Retrospective and Perspective, Bangalore (1999) @No $ @ @ Lovejoy T.E., Species leave the ark one by one in the preservation of species. In. 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Conservation Biology, , 592-595 (1994) @No $ @ @ Fuller O.D. and Chowdhury R.R., Monitoring and modeling tropical deforestation: Introduction to the special issue, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 27, 1-3 (2006) @No $ @ @ Harris L.D., The fragmented forest; Island Biogeography theory and the preservation of biotic diversity, University of Chicago press, Chicago (1984) @No $ @ @ Laurance W.F., Ferreira L.V., Rankin-de Merona J.M. and Laurance S.G., Rainforest fragmentation and the dynamics of Amazonian tree communities, Ecology, 79, 2032-2040 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chirello A.G., Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in South-Eastern Brazil, Biological Conservation, 89, 71-82 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ranganath B.K., Roy P.S., Dutt C.B.S. and Diwakar P.G., Use of Modern Technologies and Information Systems for Sustainable Forest Management, Status report, ISRO, DOS, Bangalore, India (2000) @No $ @ @ Hartshom G.S., Tropical forests, In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin (ed.), 701-710, Academic Press, California (2001) @No $ @ @ Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD), Technical Guidelines, National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, India (1995) @No $ @ @ Balaguru B., John Britto S., Nagamurugan N, Soosairaj S., Natarajan D., Ravipaul S. and Arockiasamy D.I., Vegetation mapping and its slope characteristics in a hill ecosystem- A case study from Shervarayan hills, Eastern Ghats using Remote Sensing and GIS, Current Science, 85(5), 656-653 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gaston K.J., Pressey R.L. and Margules C.R.., Persistence and vulnerability: retaining biodiversity in the landscape and in protected areas, J. 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<#LINE#>Prediction of Optimal Harvesting Time of Green Chilli for Production of Green Chilli Powder<#LINE#>Tahmidul@Hasan,GoneshChandra,@Sarker,S.M.@Hasan,Hosain@Mojaffor,Rakib@Mizan<#LINE#>22-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-148.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>9/10/2015<#LINE#>21/10/2015<#LINE#>Optimum maturity stage of green chilli was identified for production of chilli powder. Chillies of 16 to 22 days aged were selected for making green chilli powder. Destalked and washed chillies of different maturity stages were cut into longitudinally, pretreated with 0.05% KMS for 5 min and followed by drying at 55C in cabinet dryer for 20-22 hr for production of chilli powder. Powder of mature chilli was found to be better in terms of nutritional compositions except vitamin C than in powder of early aged chilli. Vitamin C content was found to be decreased with the age of green chilli, whereas total phenol content was found to be vice versa. Sensory evaluation showed that powder of 20 days chilli was most acceptable to the panelists in terms of color, flavor, pungency and overall acceptability among samples. Based on sensory and nutritional qualities, it can be suggested that chilli of 20 days is optimum matured chilli for production of green chilli powder, which can be used as a substitute of fresh green chilli, red chilli and red ground.  <#LINE#> @ @ The Wealth of India, A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, CSIR, New Delhi, India, 218–264 (1992) @No $ @ @ Wetwitayaklung P. and Phaechamu T., Antioxidant and phenolic content of Solanum and Capsicum sp., Research Jr. Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, , 146-154 (2011) @No $ @ @ Winter J., Bevan S. and Campbell E.A., Capsaicin and pain mechanism, Br J Anaesth, 75,157-168 (1995) @No $ @ @ Joanne J. and Ernst E., Traditional herbalists’ prescriptions for common clinical conditions: A survey of members of UK National Institute of Medical Herbalist, Phytotherapy research,12(5), 367-369 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bai H., Li H., Zhang W., Matkowskyj K.A., Liao J., Srivastava S.K. and Yang G.Y, Inhibition of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) by capsaicin in LSL-KrasG12d/Pdx1-Cre mice,Carcinogenesis, 32(11), 1689-1696 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kang J.H., Tsuyoshi G., Le ngoc H., Him H.M., Tu T.H., Noh H.J., Kim C.S., Choe S.Y., Kawada T., Yoo H. and Yu R., Dietary capsaicin attenuates metabolic dysregulation in genetically obese diabetic mice, J Med Food, 14(3), 310-315 (2011) @No $ @ @ BBS, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, (2011) @No $ @ @ Shanmugavelu K.G., Production Technology of Vegetable Crops, 2nd edition. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India, 716 (1989) @No $ @ @ Take A.M., Jadhav S.L. and Bhotmange M.G., Effect of Pretreatments on Quality Attributes of Dried Green Chilli Powder, ISCA Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1(1), 71-74 (2012) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C, Official methods of analysis, 15th edition, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington D.C. (1990) @No $ @ @ Ranganna S., Handbook of analysis and quality control of fruits and vegetables products, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi (1986) @No $ @ @ Yuan V.Y., Bone D.E. and Carrington F., Antioxidant activity of dulse (Palmeria palmate) extract evaluated in vitro, Food Chemistry, 91, 885–894 (2005) @No $ @ @ Esayas K., Shimelis A., Ashebir F., Negussie R., Tilahun B. and Gulelat D., Proximate composition, mineral content and anti-nutritional factors of some capsicum Capsicum annum) varieties grown in Ethiopia, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop, 25 (3), 451-454 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sarker M.S.H, Hasan S.M.K, Aziz M.G., Islam M.T., Azam S.M.R., Roy S. and Ibrahim M.N., The Effect of Processing Treatments on the Shelf Life and Nutritional Quality of Green Chilli (Capsicum annuumL.) Powder, Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 35(4), 843-852 (2012) @No $ @ @ Emmanuel-Ikpeme C., Henry P. and Okiri O.A., Comparative evaluation of the nutritional, phytochemical and microbiological quality of three pepper varieties, Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(3), 74-80 (2014) @No $ @ @ Khatun M.H.A, A study on the processing of green chilli Capsicum frutescens L.) Powder, M.S. Thesis (Food Engineering), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Consumer´s Perception and Sellers´s Attribute on Organic Food Production in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>S@Amuthenie,S@Dasinaa<#LINE#>26-33<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-150.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA @ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>18/10/2015<#LINE#>6/11/2015<#LINE#>Over the past decades, demand on organic food products has been increased rapidly in all over the world. Therefore, people show an interest on cultivation of organic products at their home level as well as purchasing organic food products by selective buying in markets and supermarkets. In this view, a pre tested questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the nature of sellers supported with their monthly income, profit and economic status for their successful living standard as much as focusing on organic food products. Further, prevalence was analyzed statistically with the access of SPSS (version 22) and significant level was considered at P0.05 and P0.01 level. Farmers (organic food producers) were randomly selected from three Divisional Secretariat Divisions named as Koralai Pattu North, Eravur Town and Manmunai North included with ten GN Divisions in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. There was a positive significant relationship on monthly average income of the sellers with the extent of land (P0.05, r=0.482), price determination (P0.01, r=.818), selling the entire commodity (P0.01, r=0.715) and economic status (P0.05, r=0.380). Transportation was satisfaction with more than half of the sellers. Satisfaction showed the negative impact on the damage of the commodity (P0.01, r= 0.787). However, if there is any damages over a commodity, it showed a great reduction on their selling of goods (P0.05, r=0.454) which was occurred due to the public transportation and poor road facility (P0.05, r=0.407). Extension services played a vital role in income growth of the top level farmers (high knowledge) with r= 0.449 at P0.05 level. Available extension services negatively influenced with practical way of technical supports on poor level of farmers due to the lack of basic knowledge and awareness of the sellers. It was r=0.523 at P0.01 level. As the result, consumers’ perception was identified as the key factor contributing much on sellers’ attributes for adapting new technologies on organic farming in each part of the DS Divisions from Batticaloa District. Positively signified correlations were clearly seen with the increased living standard and economic status of the sellers in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka where it needs to be enhanced in future and via further studies. <#LINE#> @ @ Brian Harris, David Burress and Sharon Eicher, Demands for local and organic  produce: A brief review of the literature. Institute for Public Policy and Business Research, EIP Review. Report No. 254A (2000) @No $ @ @ Perrini F., Castaldo S., Misani N. and Tencati A., The impact of corporate social responsibility associations on trust in organic products marketed by mainstream retailers: a study of Italian consumers, Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(8), 512-526 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sri Lanka Export Development Board, http://www.srilankabusiness.com/organic/ (2015) @No $ @ @ Thilmany Dawn D., Craig A. Bond and Jennifer Keeling Bond, Going Local: Exploring Consumer Behavior and Motivations for Direct Food Purchases, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(5), 1303-1309 (2008) @No $ @ @ Krystallis A. and G. Chryssohoidis, Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic food: Factors that affect it and variation per organic product type, British Food Journal, 107(5), 320- 343 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sangkumchalianga P and Wen-Chi Huangb, Consumers’ Perceptions and Attitudes of Organic Food Products in Northern Thailand, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 15(1), (2012) @No $ @ @ OTA, Eight in ten U.S, parents report they purchase organic products. Retrieved May 22 2013, Organic Trade Association, http://www.ota.com/organicconsumers/ consumer survey (2013) @No $ @ @ Roitner-Schobesberger B., Darnhofer I., Somsook S. and Vogl C.R., Consumer Perceptions of Organic Foods in Bangkok, Thailand, Food Policy, 33(2), 112-121(2008) @No $ @ @ Pollan M, The omnivore’s dilemma: A natural history of four meals. Penguin Press, London, UK (2006) @No $ @ @ Nelson L., Giles J., Macilwain C. and Gewin V., Organic FAQs. Nature, 428, 796–798 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gil J.M., Gracia A. and Sanchez M, Market Segmentation and Willingness to Pay for Organic Products in Spain, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 3(2), 207-226 (2000) @No $ @ @ Burnett S.E. and Stack L.B., Survey of the research needs of the potential organic ornamental bedding plant industry in Maine, Hort Technology, 19, 743–747 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dimitri C. and Greene C, Recent Growth Patterns in the U.S. Organic Foods Market, USDA. Economic Research Service, Market and trade Economics Division and Resource Economics Division, Agriculture Information Bulletin, 777 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>In Vitro Digestibility of Indonesian Cooked Rice Treated with Cooling-Reheating Process and Coconut Milk Addition<#LINE#>A.@Anugrahati,Pranoto.@Yudi,Y@Marsono,W.Marseno@Djagal<#LINE#>34-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-154.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pelita Harapan University, M.H. Thamrin Boulevard, Lippo Karawaci,@ Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora No. 1,Bulaksumur, Jogjakarta, INDONESIA <#LINE#>22/10/2015<#LINE#>9/11/2015<#LINE#>One of the traditional cooked rice in Indonesia was made from a mixture of rice and coconut milk, but very limited exploration has been done on its characteristic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cooling-reheating process and addition of coconut milk on the in vitro digestibility of Indonesian cooked rice. Nine rice varieties were analyzed for their amylose and resistant starch content. Among the varieties, the highest amylose content (23.69%) and resistant starch content (21.13%) were found in Setra ramos. On the other hand, Mentik susu had the lowest amylose content (15.22%) and resistant starch content (10.39%). Cooked rice treated with cooling-reheating process and addition of coconut milk contained higher resistant starch than freshly cooked rice. In vitro starch digestibility showed that the cooked rice with addition of coconut milk had the lowest hydrolysis index (31.14) and predicted glycemic index (56.80) compared to the other cooked rice samples.  <#LINE#> @ @ Dipti S.S., Hossain S.T., Bari M.N., and Kabir K.A., Physicochemical and cooking properties of some fine rice varieties. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 1(4), 188-190 (2002) @No $ @ @ Keawpeng I., and Meenune M., Physicochemical properties of organic and inorganic Phatthalung Sungyod rice, International Food Research Journal, 19(3), 857-861 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zhu L.J., Liu Q.Q., Wilson J.D., Gu M.M. and Shi Y.C., Digestibility and physicochemical properties of rice Oryza sativa L.) flours and starches differing in amylose content, Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(4), 1751-1759 (2011) @No $ @ @ Syahariza Z.A., Sar S., Hasjim J., Tizzotti M.J. and Gilbert R.G., The importance of amylose and amylopectin fine structures for starch digestibility in cooked rice grains. Food Chemistry, 136(2), 742-749. (2013) @No $ @ @ Yuan R.C., Thompson D.B. and Boyer C.D., Fine structure of amylopectin in relation to gelatinization and retro gradation behavior of maize starches from three wx-containing genotypes in two inbred lines. Cereal Chemistry, 70(1), 81-89 (1993) @No $ @ @ Marsono Y. and Topping D.L., Complex carbohydrates in Australian rice products – influence of microwave cooking and food processing. Food Science and Technology, 26(4), 364-370 (1993) @No $ @ @ Marsono Y., Resistant starch: Formation, metabolism and nutrition aspect. Agritech, 18(4), 29-35 (1998) @No $ @ @ Park E.Y., Baik B.K. and Lim S.T., Influences of temperature-cycled storage on retro gradation and in vitro digestibility of waxy maize starch, Journal of Cereal Science, 50(1), 43-48 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tansakul A. and Chaisawang P., Thermophysical properties of coconut milk. Journal of Food Engineering, 73(3), 276-280 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yu S., Ma Y., Menager L. and Sun D.W., Physicochemical properties of starch and flour from different rice cultivars. Food Bioprocess Technology5(2), 626-637 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chang F., He X. and Huang Q., The physicochemical properties of swelled maize starch granules complexed with lauric acid, Food Hydrocolloids, 32(2), 365-372 (2013) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official methods of analysis of the association of the official analysis chemists, 15th edition. Washington D.C. 1990) 14.Goni I., L. Garcia-Diz Manas E. and Saura-Calixto F., Analysis of resistant starch: a method for foods and food products. Food Chemistry 56(4), 445-449 (1996) @No $ @ @ Goni I., Garcia-Alonso A. and Saura-Calixto F., A starch hydrolysis procedure to estimate glycemic index, Nutrition Research, 17(3), 427-437 (1997) @No $ @ @ Eerlingen R. and Delcour J., Formation, analysis, structure and properties of type III enzyme resistant starch, Journal of Cereal Science, 22(2), 129-138 (1995) @No $ @ @ Patindol J., Guraya H., Champagne E., Chen M.H. and McClung A., Relationship of cooked-rice nutritionally important starch fractions with other physicochemical properties. Starch/Stärke, 62(5), 246-256 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vatanasuchart N., Niyomwit B. and Wongkrajang K., Resistant starch contents and the in vitro starch digestibility of Thai starchy foods. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci), 43(1), 178-186 (2009) @No $ @ @ Frei M., Siddhuraju P. and Becker K., Studies on the in vitro starch digestibility and the glycemic index of six different indigenous rice cultivars from the Philippines. Food Chemistry, 83(3), 395-402 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chung H.J., Lim H.S. and Lim S.T., Effect of partial gelatinization and retro gradation on the enzymatic digestion of waxy rice starch, Journal of Cereal Science, 43(3), 353-359 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kawai K., Takato S., Sasaki T. and Kajiwara K., Complex formation, thermal properties, and in-vitro digestibility of gelatinized potato starch-fatty acid mixtures, Food Hydrocolloids, 27(1), 228-234 (2012) @No $ @ @ Palav T. and Seetharaman K., Impact of microwave heating on the physico-chemical properties of starch-water model system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67(4), 596-604 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fan D., Wang L., Chen W., Ma S., Ma W., Liu X., Zhao J. and Zhang H., Effect of microwave on lamellar parameters of rice starch through small-angle X-ray scattering, Food Hydrocolloids, 35, 620-626 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zhou Z., Robards K., Helliwell S. and Blanchard C., Effect of the addition of fatty acids on rice starch properties, Food Research International, 40(2), 209-214 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ai Y., Hasjim J. and Jane J.L., Effects of lipids on enzymatic hydrolysis and physical properties of starch, Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(1), 120-127 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Invasive Alien Angiospermic plants from Chamorshi Tahsil of Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>U.B.@Deshmukh,M.B.@Shende,O.S.@Rathor<#LINE#>40-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-158.pdf<#LINE#>Higher Learning and Research Centre, Janata Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur, 442 401, MS, INDIA @ N.E.S. Science College, Nanded, MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>1/11/2015<#LINE#>20/11/2015<#LINE#>Present study from Chamorshi Tahasil of Gadchiroli District Maharashtra,(India) represents  47 invasive alien angiospermic plant species belonging to 25 families  and 40 genera with its additional information on nativity, life form, habitat, habit and introduction mode. About 63% of the invasive alien species contributes from Tropical America and 8% from Tropical Africa. An analysis shows that mostly dicots about 95 % introduced and monocot only of 05%, family asteraceae contributed more species (08 species), followed by Amaranthaceae and Convolvulaceae (04 species each).Analysis of habitat shows that herbs dominates (40 species), followed by shrubs (06 species) and climber (01 species). An analysis of invasive alien species reveals that about 87%plants unintentionally introduced and only about 13% intentionally introduced.  <#LINE#> @ @ Richardson D.M., Forestry and agroforestry, In:Simberloff D, Rejmánek M (eds) Encyclopedia of biological invasions, University of California Press, Berkeley, 241–248 (2011) @No $ @ @  Saxena K.G., Biological invasions in the Indian subcontinent: Review of invasion by plants. In: Ramakrishnan, P.S. (ed,). Ecology of biological invasion in the tropics. International Scientific Publication New Delhi. 21-34, (1991) @No $ @ @  Keane R.M. and Crawley M.J., Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis, Trends Ecol. Evol., 17, 164 -170 (2002) @No $ @ @  Hobbs R.J. and Humphries S.E., An. integrated approach to the ecology management of plant invasions, Biology, 9, 761-770 (1995) @No $ @ @  Drake J.A., Mooney H.A., Dicastri F., Grooves R., Kruger F., Rejmanek M., Williamson M., Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective, John Willey, Chichester, UK, (1989) @No $ @ @  Levine J.M., Vila M., D’Antonio C.M., Dukes J.S., Grigulis K. and Lavorel S., Mechanisms underlying the impacts of exotic plant invasions, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. Biol., 270, 775–781 (2003) @No $ @ @  Cook T., The flora of presidency of Bombaym (reprint edition) BSI, Calcutta, 1,2,3 (1967) @No $ @ @  Ugemuge N.R., Flora of Nagpur District, Shree Prakashan, Nagpur, 440010 (1986) @No $ @ @  Yadao S.R. and Sardesai M.M., Flora of Kolhapur District,  Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 (2002) @No $ @ @  Naik V.N., Flora of Osmanabad, Venus Prakashan, Aurangabad, 431001 (1979) @No $ @ @  Naik V.N., Flora of Marathwada, Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad, 1 and 2 (1998) @No $ @ @  Reddy C.S., Catalogue of Invasive Alien Flora of India, Life Science Journal, 5(2), 84-89 (2008) @No $ @ @  Khanna K.K., Invasive Alien Angiosperm of Uttar Pradesh, Biological Forum, An International Journal, 1(2), 41-46 (2009) @No $ @ @  Sood S.K., Kumar S, Dogra K.S. and Sharma R., Alien Plants Distribution and Ecology in the Temple-Courtyards of Himachal Pradesh (N.W. Himalaya), Himachal Pradesh University Journal, 1-11 (2011) @No $ @ @  Shukla B.K and Sinha G.P., An inventory of invasive alien species of Chhattisgarh, India, Bioherald, International Journal of Biodiversity and Environment, 2(2), 126-133 (2012) @No $ @ @  Chandrasekar K., Invasive Alien plants of Indian Himalayan Region-Diversity and implication, American journal of plant science, 3, 177-184 (2012) @No $ @ @  Deshmukh U.B., Shende M.B. and Rathor O.S., Invansive Alien Angiosperms of Chandrapur District of Maharshtra (India), Bionano Frontier, 5(2-II), 100-103 (2012) @No $ @ @  Udayakumar M., Bharathidasan E. and Sekar T., Invasive Alien Flora of Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India, Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2(4), 295-306 (2014) @No $ @ @  Srivastava S, Dvivedi A and Shukla R.P., Invasive Alien Species of Terrestrial Vegetation of North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Int J Forest Res, 1-9 (2014) @No $ @ @  Aravindhan V. and Rajendran A., Diversity of Invasive Plant Species in Boluvampatti Forest Range, The Southern Western Ghats, India, American-Eurasian J. Agric. and Environ. Sci., 14(8) 724-731 (2014) @No $ @ @  Wagh V.V. and Jain A.K., Invasive alien flora of Jhabua district, Madhya Pradesh, India, Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv, 7(4), 227-237 (2015) @No $ @ @  Mishra A.K., Mir S.A., Sharma M.P. and Singh H, Alien plant species in Delhi flora, International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 5(2) 128-140 (2015) @No $ @ @  Singh S, Khuraijam JS and Roy R.K., Checklist of invasive alien species in CSIR-NBRI Botanic Garden, Lucknow, India, Communications in Plant Sciences, 5(3-4), 59-65 (2015) @No $ @ @  Simberloff D., Parker I.M. and Windle P.M., Introduced species policy, management and future research needs, Frontiers of Ecological Environment, (3), 12–20 (2005) @No $ @ @  Denslow J.S., Managing dominance of invasive plants in wild lands, Current Science, 93(11), 1579–1586 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Effects of Seed orientation and sowing depths on Germination, Seedling vigor and yield in Oleaginous type of Bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina Standl)<#LINE#>Kevin@KoffiKouamé,Bernard@N´goranKoffi,Laurent@KouakouKouakou,Ignace@KouassiKouadio,Baudoin@Jean-Pierre,ArsÃne@ZoroBiIri<#LINE#>46-53<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-159.pdf<#LINE#>Université Nangui Abrogoua. Department of Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics. 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, CÔTE D’IVOIRE @ University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT). Unité de Phytotechnie Tropicale et Horticulture, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, BELGIQUE<#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>22/11/2015<#LINE#>Lagenaria siceraria is most prized in African society. But its production remains low due to low rate of germination and bad seedling vigor. Use of a good sowing technique could contribute to increase germination rate and seedling vigor. In this context optimization of seeds orientation and sowing depth are essential in cultural practices. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate sowing depth and seed orientation for a good germination, seedling vigor and best yield. Three sowing depths (2 cm; 6 cm; 10 cm) and four orientation (vertical with the extremity of the seed upward (VU); or with the extremity of the seed downward (VD); horizontal with the seed on the side (HS); with the seed on the flattened face (HF)) were tested. According to seed orientation, germination was better in horizontal position, but the best seedling vigor was recorded with vertical position VD. The highest grain yield was obtained in vertical position VU. Concerning sowing depth results showed that germination was better when seeds were sown at 2 cm. But plants were stronger at sowing depth 10 cm. The highest grain yield was recorded at sowing depth 10 cm too. But best results were recorded with combination HF and sowing depth 10 cm.  <#LINE#> @ @ Loukou A.L., Lognay G., Barthelemy J.P., Maesen P., Baudoin J.P., Zoro and Bi I.A., Effect of harvest time on seed oil and protein contents and compositions in  the oleaginous gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl, J. Sci. Food Agr., 91, 2073-2080 (2011) @No $ @ @ Achu M.B., Fokou E., Fosto M. and Tchounguep F.M., Nutritive value of some Cucurbitaceae oilseeds from different regions in Cameroun, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4(11),  1329-1334 (2005) @No $ @ @  Zoro Bi I.A., Koffi K.K., Djé Y., Malice M. and Baudoin J.P., Indigenous cucurbits of Côte d'Ivoire: a review of their genetic resources, Sci. Nat., 3(1), 1-9 (2006) @No $ @ @  Cantliffe D.J., Seed germination for transplant, Fla Agr. Exp. Sta. J., 8(4), 1-5 (1998) @No $ @ @  Bewley J.D., Seed germination and dormancy, Plant Cell., 9, 1055-1066 (1997) @No $ @ @  Bowers S.A. and Hayden C.W., Influence of seed rientation on bean seedling emergence, Agron. J., 64, 736-738 (1972) @No $ @ @  Srivastava A.K., Goering C.E., Rohrbach R.P. and Buckmaster D.R., Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. Michigan, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 604 Pages (2006) @No $ @ @  Ahirwar R.K., Effect of sowing Depth on Seed germination of Butea frondosa (Roxb.), Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 4(2), 45-47 (2015) @No $ @ @  Mahdi L., Bell C.J., Ryan J., Establishment and yield of wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) after early sowing at various depths in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment, Field Crops Res., 58(1), 187-196 (1998) @No $ @ @  Masilamani P., Singh B.G., Chinnusamy C. and Annadurai K., Influence of seed orientation and depth of sowing on germination and vigour of Anjan (Hardwickia binata Roxb), Trop. Agr. Res. Ext., 2(1), 76-78 (1999) @No $ @ @  Pommel B., Influence du poids de la semence et de la profondeur de semis sur la croissance et le développement de la plantule de maïs, Agronomie, 10(9), 699-708 (1990) @No $ @ @  Power P. and Fonteyn P.J., Effects of oxygen concentration and substrate on seed germination and seedling growth of Texas wildrice (Zizania texana), Southwest Nat., 40(1), 1-4 (1995) @No $ @ @  Rama B.P., Effect of orientation of seed placement on seedling emergence in some species of Calamus. Adv Biores., 2(2), 86-89 (2011) @No $ @ @  SAS, SAS/ETS User’s Guide. Cary, North Carrolina (USA), SAS Institute (1999) @No $ @ @  Schillinger W. F., Donaldson, E., Allan, R. E. Jones, S. S. Winter wheat seedling emergence from deep sowing depths. Agron. J. 90, 582-586 (1998) @No $ @ @  Brown P.R., Singleton G.R., Tann C.R. and Mock I., Increasing sowing depth to reduce mouse damage, (2003) @No $ @ @  Yagmur M. and Digdem K., The effects of different sowing depth on grain yield and some grain yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under dryland condition, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8(2), 196-201 (2009) @No $ @ @  Desbiolles J., Optimising Seeding Depth in the Paddock. Available Online,  DOI, (2002) @No $ @ @  Al-Maskri A.Y., Khan M.M., Iqba M.J. and Abbas M., Germinability, vigor and electrical conductibility changes in acceleratedly aged watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed. Journal oseed. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2 (3-4), 100-103 (2004) @No $ @ @  Elfeel A.A., Effect of Seed Pre-Treatment and Sowing Orientation on Germination of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del, Seeds Am, Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 12(7), 897-900 (2012) @No $ @ @  Embaye K., Christerson L., Ledin S. and Weih M., Bamboo as bioresource in Ethiopia: management strategy to improve seedling performance (Oxytenanthera abyssinica), Bioresour., Technol., 88, 33-39 (2003) @No $ @ @  Hayden C.W. and Bowers SA, Emergence and yield of bean planted with a seed-oriented planter, Agron. J., 66, 50-52 (1974) @No $ @ @  Koffi K.K., Anzara G.K., Malice M., Djè Y., Bertin P., Baudoin J.P. Zoro and Bi I.A., Morphological and allozyme variation in a collection of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl, from Côte d’Ivoire. Biotechnol., Agron. Soc. Environ, 13, 257-270 (2009) @No $ @ @  Krishnasamy V., Effect of orientation of seed placement in soil on seedling emergence in some cucurbitaceous vegetables, Seed Res., 20(2), 70-73 (1992) @No $ @ @  Maguire J.D., Speed of germination. Aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor, Crop Sci. 2, 176-177 (1962) @No $ @ @  Tahere A.S., Hermenegildo G., Leocadio S.S. and Len W., Seedling vigor of rice cultivars in response to seeding depth and soil moisture, Philipp. J. Crop. Sci., 30(1), 53-58 (2005) @No $ @ @  Yao K.B., Koffi K.K., Baudoin M.S.J.P., Zoro Bi I.A., Effects of seed fermentation method on seed germination and vigor in the oleaginous gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 12(48) 6723-6729 (2013) @No $ @ @  Agboola D.A., Etejere E.O. and Fawole M.O., Effect of orientation and soil types on germination of seeds of some tropical tree species, Seed Res., 21(1), 13-20 (1993) @No $ @ @  Aikins S.H.M. and Afuakwa J.J., Growth and Dry Matter Yield Responses of Cowpea to Different Sowing Depths, ARPN, J. Agric. and Biol. Sci., 3(5 and 6), 50-54 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Larvicidal activity of Rauvolfia serpentina L. fruits against Aedes aegypti Mosquito larvae<#LINE#>J.B.@Nayak,B.@Mohan<#LINE#>54-56<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-167.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Nizam College (Autonomous), Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana State, INDIA @ Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, INDIA  <#LINE#>21/10/2015<#LINE#>25/11/2015<#LINE#The selected plant fruits were collected, shade dried, ground and extracted with methanol and ethanol. The larvicidal activities of Rauvolfia serpentina fruits extract against 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti using of WHO procedure. The mortality rate was observed at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm of concentrations after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The highest larval mortality was found in ethanolic extract at the concentration of 200 ppm after 48 hours of the treatment. No mortality was found in control. The Rauvolfia serpentina fruits extract showed good larvicidal activity against A. aegypti, and thus the products can be used effectively as indigenous mosquito control agents, alternative to conventional chemical mosquito larvicides.  <#LINE#> @ @  Saxena B.P. and Tikku K., Impact of natural products on the physiology of phytophagous insects, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., (Animal Sci.), 99, 185-198 (1990) @No $ @ @  Schneider D., Boppre M., Zweig J., Horsley S.B., Bell T.W., Meinwald J., Hansen K. and Diehl E.W., Scent organ development in Creatonotes moths: regulation by pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Science, 215, 1264-1265 (1982) @No $ @ @  Reetakumara Brijeshrathi., Anitha rani and Sonal Bhatnagar, Rauvolfia serpentina L. Benth. exKurz.: Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 23(2), 56 348-355 (2013) @No $ @ @  Hahn C.S., French O.G., Foley P., Martin E.N. and Taylor R.P., Bispecific monoclonal antibodies mediate binding of dengue virus to erythrocytes in a monkey model of passive viremia, J. Immunol., 66(2), 1057-1065 (2001) @No $ @ @  Rahuman A.A., Gopalakrishnan C., Venkatesan P. and Geeta K., Isolation and Identification of Mosquito Larvicidal Compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet, Parasitol Res., 102(5), 981-988 (2008) @No $ @ @  Pushpalatha E. and Muthukrishnan J., Efficacy of two tropical Plants extracts for the control of mosquitoes, J. Applied Entomol., 23, 369-373 (1995) @No $ @ @  Maheswaran R., Sathish S. and Ignacimuthu S., Larvicidal activity of Leucas aspera (Wild) against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L, International Journal of Integrative Biology, 2(3), 214-217 (2008) @No $ @ @  World Health Organization, Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides, Geneva., WHO (1981) @No $ @ @ Dipanwita Das and Goutam Chandra, Mosquito larvicidal  activity of Rauvolfia serpentina L. seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus say, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 42-45(2012) @No $ @ @  Venkatachalam M.R. and Jebanesan A., Repellent activity of Ferroniaelephantum Corr. (Rutaceae) leaf extract against Aedes aegypti (L), Bioresour Technol., 76, 287-288 (2001) @No $ @ @  Kalyanasundaram M. and Babu C.J., Biologically active plant extracts as mosquito larvicides, Indian J. Med. Res., 76, 102-106 (1982) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Multipurpose Uses of Bamboo Plants: A Review<#LINE#>M.F.@Hossain,M.A.@Islam,S.M.@Numan<#LINE#>57-60<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-140.pdf<#LINE#>School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705, BANGLADESH @ School of Education, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705, BANGLADESH @ School of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>19/9/2015<#LINE#>25/10/2015<#LINE#>This review paper discusses the versatile uses of bamboo grass plant. Bamboo plants have some useful properties and having lot of beneficiary uses; these  are using as pillar, fencing, housing, house hold products, raw materials of crafts, pulp, paper, boards, fabrics industry, fuel, fodder etc. The shoot of young bamboo grass can be processed into various delicious healthy foods and sometimes uses as medicines. Young bamboo shoot is usually consumed as vegetable in curry and also as pickle. The nutritional value of bamboo shoots varies by species to species, harvesting procedure and growing environment. Bamboos also utilized in different areas as herbal or traditional treatments.<#LINE#> @ @ FAO, World bamboo resources: A thematic study prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment. Non-wood forest products-18, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2007) @No $ @ @ Alam M.K., Bamboos of Bangladesh: A Field Identification Manual. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, 35 (2001) @No $ @ @ Quintans K.N., Ancient Grass-Future Natural Resource, The National Bamboo Project of Costa Rica: A case study of the role bamboo in international development, INBAR Working paper No. 16, 58 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hammond K.O., Cultivate bamboo for employment and income generation, Ghanaian Chronicle (Accra) (2006) @No $ @ @ Shukla R., Sumit G., Sajal S., Dwivedi PK and Mishra A., Medicinal importance of bamboo, Int. J. Biopharm and Phytochemical Res.,1(1), 9-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alam M.K., Melecanna baccifera. In: Dransfield, S. and Widjaja, E. A. 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