@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Physiological Studies on the Monascus ruber Red Pigment and GC/MS Analysis<#LINE#>Mohamed@EmanMostafa<#LINE#>1-14<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-110.pdf<#LINE#> Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, PO Box 71516, Assiut, EGYPT<#LINE#>21/7/2015<#LINE#>7/8/2015<#LINE#>Physiological studies and effect of mono-sodium-glutamate (Na-G) and agitation on the two M. ruber strains are studied. The GC/MS analysis recorded that the different effects of Na-G and agitation on the red pigment, spectrophotometeric colour intensity, number and kinds of the antioxidant, flavouring metabolites. Visual estimation of  the soluble pigment by tested M. ruber strains AUMC 4066 and 5705 were cultivated on four kinds of media including glucose, malt, malt+Na–glutamate and glucose+Na–glutamate, incubated statically and submerged at 120 rpm for 10 days at 30°C are studied. Also the colour intensity estimated at A 500nm by spectrophotometer are studied. The results clearing that the deepest red colour of the soluble pigment are recorded in malt, and malt+Na–glutamate of the tested of M. ruber strain AUMC 4066. The media fortified by glutamate are inhibited the red soluble colours and gives the red or brown-red colour. The highest colour intensity of the soluble pigment: are detected in submerged malt and malt+Na–glutamate of M. ruber 4066 are 3.528 and 3.477. Also all the reading clearing that the strain No.4066 have the highest colour intensity on the all tested media. Numbers and kinds of the metabolites detected in the ethanolic extracts of the selected strain AUMC 4066 has been studied by using GC/MS analysis. 140 flavouring and antioxidant metabolites are detected in the extracts of the four tested culture media incubated at 120rpm, 30°C for ten days. Malt medium recorded the highest numbers of metabolites followed by Malt+Na-glutamate, glucose+Na-glutamate and glucose media are 76, 25, 20 and 11, respectively. The highest numbers of the classified recorded metabolic products includes 48 phenolic compounds, 38 esters, 23 alkanes and alkenes, 10 ketons, 5 indolic compounds, 4 from (azole and terpenoids), 2 for each of (amides and amines), one for each of (aldehyde, free fatty acids, pyran and cyclo-arabitol) are detected at  1 mass fractions in the ethanolic extracts of the tested medium.  <#LINE#> @ @ Eman M.M. and Abbady M.S., Secondary metabolites and bioactivity of the Monascus pigments, Review, Global J. Biot. Bioch., 9(1), 01-13 (2014) doi:10.5829/idosi.gjbb.2014.9.1.8268. @No $ @ @ Calvo A.M., Wilson R.A., Bok J.W. and Keller N.P., Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development, Microbiol. Molec. Biol. Rev., 66(3), 447–459 (2002) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC120793/  @No $ @ @ Liu G.Y. and Nizet V., Color me bad: microbial pigments as virulence factors, Review, Trends Micro., 17(9), 406-413 (2009) doi:10.1016/j.tim.2009.06.006. @No $ @ @ Lee Y., Chen D., Chauvatcharin S., Seki T. and Yoshida T., Production of Monascus pigments by a solid-liquid state culture method, J. Fer. Bioeng., 79, 516-518 (1995) /0d0400e8c2360b389b875594.  @No $ @ @ Lee B.K., Park N.H., Piao H.Y. and Chung W.J., Production of red pigments by Monascus purpureus in submerged culture, Biotech. Biop. Eng., ,341-346 (2001) Sscielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextandpid = S0101. @No $ @ @ Arunachalam C. and Narmadhapriya D., Monascusfermented rice and its beneficial aspects, Review, Asian J .Pharm. Clin. Res.4, 0974-2441 (2011) www.ajpcr.com/Vol4Issue1/230. @No $ @ @ de Carvalho J.C., Oishi B.O., Woiciechowski A.L., Pandey A., Babitha S. and Soccol C.R., Effect of substrates on the production of  Monascus biopigments by solid-state fermentation and pigment extraction using different solvents. Indian J. Biotech., 6,194–199 (2007) nopr.niscair.res.in/.../1/IJBT%206(2)%20194-199 @No $ @ @ Moharram A.M., Eman M.M. and Ismail M.A. Chemical profile of Monascus ruber, Food Technol. Biotech., 50(4), 490–499 (2012) @No $ @ @ search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=trueandprofile @No $ @ @ Lian X., Wang C. and Guo K., Identification of new red pigments produced by Monascus ruber, Dyes Pigments, 73,121–125 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hajjaj H., Klaebe A., Loret M.O., Tzedakis T., Goma G. and Blanc P.J., Production and identification of N-glucosyl rubropunctamine and N-glucosylmonascorubramine from Monascus ruber and the occurrence of electron donor-acceptor complexes in these red pigments, App. En. Microbio., 63, 2671–2678 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rasheva T., Hallet J.N. and Kujumdzieva A., Taxonomic investigation of Monascus purpureus 94-25 strain, J. Cult. Collect., 2,51–59 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee S., Maity S., Chattopadhyay P., Sarkar A., Laskar S. and Sen S.K., Characterization of red pigment from Monascus in submerged culture red pigment from Monascus purpureus, J. App. Sci. Res., , 2102-2108 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vidyalakshmi R., Paranthaman J.R., Murugesh S. and Singaravadivel K., Stimulation of Monascus pigments by intervention of different nitrogen sources, Global J. Biotech. Bioch., 4,25–28 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dikshit R. and Tallapragada P., Monascus purpureus: A potential source for natural pigment production, J. Micr. Biotech. Res.1(4), 164-174 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shazwani N.S. The optimization of red pigment by Monascus purpureus FTC 5356 in solid state fermentation. MsC thesis Faculty of Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional (2012) psasir.upm.edu.my /view/year/ 2009.default.html @No $ @ @ Rashmi D. and Padmavathi T., Exploring Monascus sanguineus as a potential natural source for pigment production, Int. Res. J. Biolog. Sci., 2(5), 59-67 (2013) @No $ @ @ Srianta I. and Harijono,  Monascus-fermented sorghum: pigments and monacolin K produced by Monascus purpureus on whole grain, dehulled grain and bran substrates, Int. Food Res. J., 22(1), 377-382 (2015) @No $ @ @ Daigle P., Gelinas P., Leblanc D. and Morin A., Production of aroma compounds by Geotrichum candidum on waste bread crumb, Food Microbiol., 16,517–522 (1999) @No $ @ @ Eman M.M. and Farghaly F.A., Bioactive compounds of fresh and dried Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom, Inter. J. Biot. W. Ind., 3, 4-14 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z.M., Wu W.W. and Li G.K., A Gas Chromatographic Mass Spoctrophotometric study of the volatile organic composition of straw and oyster mushrooms during maturity and its relation to antioxidant activity, J. Chromat. Sci., 46, 690-699 (2008) doi: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2228291/ @No $ @ @ Palonen E.K., Neffling M., Raina S., Brandt A., Keshavarz T., Meriluoto J. and Soini J., Butyrolactone I quantification from lovastatin producing Aspergillus terreus using Tandem Mass Spectrometry evidence of signalling functions, Microorg,2,111-127 (2014) doi:10.3390 /microorganisms2020111. @No $ @ @ Barros L., Ferreira M.J., Queiros B., Ferreira I.C.F. and Baptista P., Total phenols, ascorbic acid, -carotene and lycopene in portuguese wild edible mushrooms and their antioxidant activities, Food Chem.103, 413–419 (2007) @No $ @ @ doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.038 @No $ @ @ Cheng J., Lee S.K., Palaniyandi S.A., Suh J.W. and Yang S.H. Effect of fermentation with Monascus pilosus on the antioxidant activities and phenolic acid contents of adzuki bean Vigna angularis, J. Coas. Life Medic., 3(4),276-283 (2015) ifrj.upm.edu.my/.../1%20IFRJ%2021%20(01)%202014 @No $ @ @ Su Y.C., Wang J.J., Lin T.T. and Pan T.M., Production of the secondary metabolites c-aminobutyric acid and monacolin K by Monascus, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30,41–46 (2003) DOI: 10.1007/s10295-002-0001-5 @No $ @ @ Smith H.A., Production of antimicrobials and antioxidants from filamentous fungi. PhD thesis in National University of Ireland, (2014) @No $ @ @ Rees A.M., Austin M.P. and Parker G., Role of w-3 fatty acids as a treatment for depression in the perinatal period, Aust. N.Z.J. Psychiatry, 39, 274–280 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>A record of Mono-specific Carpets of Genus –Sinulariaon Coral reefs of the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>JigarD.@Joshi,DevanshiM.@Joshi,RakeshS.Q@Patel,SandeepB.@Munjpara,HarshadD.@Salvi<#LINE#>15-19<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-122.pdf<#LINE#>Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>11/8/2015<#LINE#>31/8/2015<#LINE#>The present observation is confined to the coral reefs of the Gulf of Kachchh at the western coast of India. The observation describes occurrence of two large patches of soft coral belonging to genus Sinulariaon Mangunda reef and Paga reef at the Gulf of Kachchh (GoK). It was observed that the colonies of Sinulariasp completely surrounded other Scleractinians. The present observation indicates occurrence of Allelopathicphenomenon on reef habitat. <#LINE#> @ @ GEER Foundation, Anonymous report, The Marine National Park and Sanctuary in the GoK- A comprehensive study of the biodiversity and management issues, GEER Foundation, Gandhinagar, 1-370 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pandey C.N., Raval B.R., Parasharya D., Munjpara S., Joshi D. and Banerji U., Recruitment and Growth Study of Coral Reefs of the GoK Pub, Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Gandhinagar, 1-146 (2010) @No $ @ @ Benayahu Y. and LoyaY., Space partitioning by stony corals soft corals and benthic algae on the coral reefs of the northern Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea) Helgolanderwiss., Meeresunters, 30(3) 62-382 (1977) @No $ @ @ Benayahu Y. and Loya Y., Competition for space among coral-reef sessile organisms at Eilat, Red sea, Bulletin of marine science, 31(3), 514-522 (1981) @No $ @ @ Chai M., Wang S., Dai C. and Duh C., A Cytotoxic lobanediterpene from the Formosan soft coral, Sinularia inelegans., J Nat Prod, 63, 843–844 (2000) @No $ @ @ Coll J.C. et. al., La Barre S., Sammarco P.W., Williams W.T. and Bakus G.J., Chemical defences in soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Great Barrier Reef: A study of comparative toxicities, Mar Ecol Prog Ser, (8), 271-278 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sammarco P.W., Coll J.C., La Barre S. and Willis B., Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia): Allelopathic effects on selected scleractinian corals, Coral Reefs, 1(3), 173-178 (1983) @No $ @ @ Tursch B, Braekman JC, Daloze D and Kaisin M, Terpenoids from coelenterates, Marine natural products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives,, 247-296 (1978) @No $ @ @ Kamel H.N. and Slattery M., Terpenoids of Sinularia: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications, Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(3), 253–269 (2005) @No $ @ @ Coll J.C., Mitchell S.J. and Stokie G.J., Studies of Australian soft corals V. A novel furano-sesquiterpene acid from the soft coral Sinularia Gonatodes. Tetrahedron Lett., 18, 1539–1542 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Electrophoretic Analysis in two groups of enzymes of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)<#LINE#>M.@Tripathi,U.R.@Agrawal,J.@Tripathi<#LINE#>20-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-124.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Iswar Saran Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211004, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, INDIA <#LINE#>17/8/2015<#LINE#>28/8/2015<#LINE#>Indian population of Musca domestica was examined by PAGE for allozyme variation. One to five enzyme loci in the glucose metabolizing system (Group I) and six to fourteen enzyme loci in the non-glucose metabolizing system (group II) were assayed. The parameter estimated were the allele frequencies, proportion of polymorphic loci and average heterozygosity for Group I and Group II loci. The present finding is that the genetic variability measured by allozyme variation is much higher for group II than for group I enzymes in M.domestica population. The loci coding for the hydrolytic and other nonspecific enzymes are much more variable than the loci coding for the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and other specific enzymes. <#LINE#> @ @ Gillespie J.H. and Kojima K., The degree of polymorphism in enzymes involved in energy production compared to that in nonspecific enzymes in two Drosophila ananassae populations, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.61, 582-585 (1968) @No $ @ @ Kojima K., Gillespie J. and Tobari Y.N., A profile of Drosophila species enzymes assayed by electrophoresis, I. Number of Alleles, heterozygosities, and linkage disequilibrium in glucose-metabolizing systems and some other enzymes, Biochem. Genet., , 627-637 (1970) @No $ @ @ Gillespie J.H. and Langley C.H., A general model to account for enzyme variation in natural populations, Genetics,76, 837-848 (1974) @No $ @ @ Band H.T., A survey of isozyme polymorphism in a Drosophila melanogaster natural population, Genetics, 80, 761-771 (1975) @No $ @ @ Prakash S, Patterns of gene variation in central and marginal populations of Drosophila robusta, Genetics, 75, 347- 369 (1973) @No $ @ @ Singh K. and Thakur S., A survey of polymorphism in laboratory population of S. dux (Diptera , Sarcophagidae), 3(2), 638 -644 (2012) @No $ @ @ Allendorf F.W., Luikart G. and Aitken S.N., Genetic variation in natural populations: chromosomes and proteins. In: Conservation and the Genetics of Populations,  Allendorf  F. W., Luikart G. and Aitken S. N. (eds) Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 35–53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Stanger J., Preliminary observations on genetic variation in three colonies of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) isolated from central Alberta, Quaest. Entomol., 20, 51-59 (1984) @No $ @ @ Black IV W.C. and Krafsur E.S., Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca domestica L.),Biochem. Genet, 23(3-4), 193-203 (1985) @No $ @ @ Krafsur E.S., Helm J.M. and Black IV W.C., Genetic diversity at electrophoretic loci in the house fly, Musca domestica L. Biochem. Genet.,30, 317-328 (1992) @No $ @ @ Krafsur E.S., Bryant N.L., Marquez J.G. and Griffith N.T., Genetic distances among North American, British and West African house fly populations Musca domesticaL. Biochem, Genet., 38, 275-284 (2000) @No $ @ @ Taskin B.G., Taskin V. and Kucukakyuz K., Electrophoretic analysis of genetic diversity in natural house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations from the Western and Southern coasts of Turkey, Tubitak ,Turk. J. Biol., 35, 337-346 (2011a) @No $ @ @ Taskin B.G., Taskin V., Kucukakyuz K. and Kence M., Determination of esterase enzyme polymorphism in house fly (Musca domestica.) populations in Turkey, Tubitak, Turk. J. Zool., 35(6), 869-877 (2011 b) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Tewari R.R. and Agrawal U.R., Genetic variations in house fly, Musca domesticaL (Diptera :Mucsidae) from Allahabad India, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, India (Biological Sciences), 80(1), 24-29 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Agrawal U.R. and Tewari R.R., Seasonal genetic variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica, (Diptera :Mucsidae), Cell. Mol. Biol., 57, 129-134 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Agrawal U.R., Tripathi J and Tewari R.R., Spatial genetic variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica (Diptera :Mucsidae). ). Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 3(4), 927 – 934 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Agrawal U.R., and Tripathi J., Allozyme variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica from Allahabad, India, I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(11), 37–40 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ayala F.J., Powell J.R., Tracey M.L., Mourao C.A. and Perez-Salas S., Enzyme variability in the Drosophila willistoni group IV, Genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila willistoni, Genetics., 70, 113-139 (1972) @No $ @ @ Tsukamoto M., Enhancement of Staining intensity of mosquito larva zymograms after electrophoresis. J. UOEH., 11, 461-479 (1989) @No $ @ @ Tsukamoto M. and Horio M., Electrophoretic comparison of the lactate dehydrogenase banding pattern among Japanese mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 22, 491-498 (1985) @No $ @ @ Berlocher S.H., An Electrophoretic key for distinguishing species of the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera : Tephritidae) as larvae, pupae, or adults, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 73, 131-137 (1980) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Genetic variation in house fly, Musca domestica (Muscidae: Diptera), D. Phil. dissertation, University of Allahabad, (2007) @No $ @ @ Matsuoka N and Nakamura Y., Enzyme variation within the population of the sea urchin, Glyptocidaris crenularis, from Japanese water, Comp. Biochem. Physiol.B., 96(2), 335-338 (1990) @No $ @ @ Matsuoka N. and Hatanaka T., Molecular evidence for the existence of four sibling species within the sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei in Japanese waters and their evolutionary relationships. Zool. Sci., 121-133, (1991) @No $ @ @ Asanuma T. and Matsuoka N., Phylogenetic relationships among seven fish species of the order Clupeiformes inferred from allozyme variation, Bull. Fac. Agric. and Life Sci., Hirosaki Univ. 4, 1-15, (2002) @No $ @ @   Matsuoka N, Molecular Phylogeny and Allozyme Variation of the Five Common Fish Species of the Suborder Percoidei. Bull. Fac. Agric. and Life Sci., Hirosaki Univ., 5, 17-22 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yamazaki T., Enzyme polymorphism and functional difference: mean, variance and distribution of heterozygosity. In: Molecular Evolution and Polymorphism, Mishima: National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, M. Kimura (eds), 127–147 (1977) @No $ @ @ Gojobari T., Means and variances of heterozygosity and protein function. In: Molecular Evolution, Protein Polymorphism and the Neutral Theory, M. Kimura (eds), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 137–148 (1982) @No $ @ @ Frydenberg O. and Simonsen V., Genetics of Zoarces populations, V. Amount of protein polymorphism and degree of genic heterozygosity, Hereditas, 75, 221-232 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kimura M., The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1983) @No
<#LINE#>Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Module on Life skill approaches to promote the Reproductive Health of the School-going Adolescent Girls in Puducherry, India<#LINE#>Rathinasabapathy@Baby<#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-127.pdf<#LINE#> Department ofPsychiatry, College of Nursing, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Science, Government of Puducherry Institution, Indira Nagar, Gorimedu,Puducherry, INDIA <#LINE#>20/8/2015<#LINE#>15/9/2015<#LINE#>  Adolescence has had an occasional extension beyond the teenage years.  They were no longer a child or an adult. Adolescence is the final stage of personality development. It is the period of psychological conflict, which an adolescent experiences, due to failure to satisfy or express the specific needs during childhood. Knowledge on reproductive health during this stage is vague and the attitude is different from other. Use of life skills may promote their health. The study was conducted on 358 school going adolescent girls using knowledge and attitude scale to elicit the knowledge and attitude on reproductive health (and to promote their health). The knowledge in the pre test was less and after involving them in the teaching programme in the post test the knowledge was increased and the attitude also changed to a significant level.<#LINE#> @ @ Chrisler JCand Zittel CB, Menarche stories: reminiscences of college students from Lithuania, Malaysia, Sudan, and the United States, Health Care Women Int., 19(4), 303–12 (1998) @No $ @ @ Koff Eand Rierdan J, Advanced pubertal development and eating disturbance in early adolescent girls, J Adolesc Health, 14(6), 433–9 (1993) @No $ @ @ Narayan KA, Srinivasa DK, Pelto PJ and Veeramma lS, Puberty Rituals, Reproductive Knowledge and Health of Adolescent Schoolgirls in south India, Asia Pacific population journal,12(2), 225-232 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dasgupta A and Sarkar M, Menstrual Hygiene: How Hygienic is the Adolescent Girl?, Indian J Community Med., 33(2) (2008) @No $ @ @ Khanna A, Goyal RS and Bhawsar R, Menstrual Practices and Reproductive Problems: A study of Adolescent Girls in Rajasthan, Journal of Health management, 7(1) 90-107 (2005) @No $ @ @ Abioye-Kuteyi EA, Menstrual knowledge and practices amongst secondary school girls in Ile Ife, Nigeria, J R Soc Promot Health, 120(1), 23–6 (2000) @No $ @ @ Unni JC Adolescent attitudes and relevance to family life education programs, Indian Pediatr47(2), 176–9(2010) @No $ @ @ Koff E, Rierdan J andStubbs ML, Conceptions and misconceptions of the menstrual cycle, Women Health, 16(3-4), 119–36 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rierdan J andKoff E, Depressive symptomatology among very early maturing girls,J Youth Adolesc.20(4), 415–25 (1991) @No $ @ @ Koff E and Rierdan J., Early adolescent girls’ understanding of menstruation, Women Health, 22(4) (1995) @No $ @ @ Koff  E, Rierdan  J and Sheingold K, Memories of menarche: age, preparation, and prior knowledge as determinants of initial menstrual experience, J Youth Adolesc., 11(1), (1982) @No $ @ @ Koff E and Rierdan J, Perceptions of weight and attitudes toward eating in early adolescent girls, J Adolesc Health, 12(4), 307–12 (1991) @No $ @ @ Koff E and Rierdan J, Premenarcheal expectations and postmenarcheal experiences of positive and negative menstrual related changes, J Adolesc Health, 18(4), 286–91 (1996) @No $ @ @ Rierdan J and Koff E, Representation of the female body by early and late adolescent girls, J Youth Adolesc, 9(4), 339–46 (1980) @No $ @ @ Golub MS, Reproductive toxicology of water contaminants detected by routine water quality testing, Epidemiology,3(2), 125–9 (1992) @No $ @ @ Rierdan J and Koff E, Sexual ambiguity in children’s human figure drawings, J Pers Assess, 45(3), 256–7(1981) @No $ @ @ Koff E, Rierdan J and Jacobson S, The personal and interpersonal significance of menarche, J Am Acad Child Psychiatry, 20(1), 148–58 (1981) @No $ @ @ Rierdan J and Koff E, Timing of menarche and initial menstrual experience, J Youth Adolesc,14(3), 237–44(1985) @No $ @ @ Rierdan J and Koff E, Weight, weight-related aspects of body image, and depression in early adolescent girls, Adolescence, 32(127), 615–24 (1997) @No $ @ @ Woods NF Dery GK and Most A, Recollections of menarche, current menstrual attitudes, and perimenstrual symptoms, Psychosom Med., 44(3), 285–93 (1982) @No 
<#LINE#>Preliminary Studies into the Efficacy of Different Brands of Toothpastes on the Oral Micro-Flora Before and after Brushing within Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>F.K.@Abraham<#LINE#>30-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-130.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>24/8/2015<#LINE#>4/9/2015<#LINE#>This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of different brands of toothpaste against oral micro-flora before and after brushing within Bingham University. The method involved using a swab stick aseptically to collect samples before and after the use of toothpastes. The results from this study showed that five organisms were isolated from the oral cavity of Bingham University students before the use of the toothpastes, which includes: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans. In comparism with the toothpastes, TOO3 (Sensodyne) was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus (60%), TOO1(Macleans) was the most effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis (51.7%), TOO5 (Darbur) was the most effective against Streptococcus mutans (60.6%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (60.4%), TOO4 was the most effective against Candida albicans (51.2%). TOO1 (Macleans) was the least effective against S. aureus (36.4%), S. mutans (26.4%), S. pyogenes (15.2%) and C. albicans (14.3%) while TOO2 (Himalaya) was the least effective against S. epidermidis (30.9%). The colony count of organisms showed a significant reduction in the microbial load of the oral cavity of the study sample size after use of the toothpaste. T-calculated = 5.612, T-tabulated (P &#65533; 0.05) = 3.768. The t-calculated is greater than the t-tabulated, which means the null hypothesis is being rejected and the alternate hypothesis is accepted concluding that there is a significant difference between the effects of the several brands of toothpastes on the oral micro-flora. <#LINE#> @ @ Okpalugo J., Ibrahim K. and Inyang U.S., Toothpaste formulation efficacy in reducing oral flora, Trop. J. of Pharm. Res., 8(1), 71-77 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wistreich G. and Lechtman M, Microbiology, fifth edition. Collier Macmillan, New York, 671-698 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hoikhian C.S.O. and Okoror L.O, Resistance of oral bacterial species to varied toothpaste effects, Int. J. of Eng. Res. and Sci. and Tech., 1(1), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwankwo I.U. and Ihesiulo S.C., Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Potentials of Some Brands of Toothpaste Commonly Used In Umuahia, Abia State. J. of Pharm. and Bio. Sci. (IOSR-JPBS), 9(3), 50-54 (2014) @No $ @ @ Panuti C.M, Mattos J.P, Ranoya P.N, Jesus A.M, Lotufo R.F and Romito G.A., Clinical effects of herbal dentifrice on the control of plague and gingivitis, A double blind study, Pesq. Olo. Bra. J., 17(4), 314 -318 (2003) @No $ @ @ Itthagarum A.K and Wei S.H., Analysis of fluoride ion concentration and in–vitrofluoride uptake from different commercial dentifrices, Int. dent. J., 46(4), 327-361 (1996) @No $ @ @ Degiam Z.D., An in Vitro Antimicrobial activity of six commercial toothpastes, This-qar. Med. J. (TQMJ), 4(4), 127-133 (2010) @No $ @ @ Manupati P, Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Toothpastes and Mouth rinses: An in vitro Study. Dent, Res. J. (Isfahan), 8(2), 85–94 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jia-Xu Chen, Yue-Yun Liu, Shao-Xian Wang and Xiao-Hong Li, Efficacy of Crest Herbal Toothpaste in Clearing Internal Heat: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study, Evid. Bas. Comp. and Alt. med. J., (2013) @No $ @ @ William M.I and Cummuns D.M., The Technology behind close-up total advanced fresh, comprehensive continue education on dentals, Brit. J. of Dent. Surg., 24(5), 4-9 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mohan Kumar KP, Priya NK and Madhushankari GS., Anti-Cariogenic Efficacy of Herbal and Conventional Toothpastes - A Comparative In-Vitro Study, J. of Int. Oral Health, 5(2), 8-13 (2013) @No $ @ @ Akwa V.L., Bimbol A.L., Samaila K.L. and Marcus N.D., Geography perspective Of Nasarawa state, Native printing and publishing company Ltd, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria (2007) @No $ @ @ Obiekezie S.O., Odu N.N., Onwumene R. and Iloegbunam R.O., Bacteriological quality assessment of ready to eat salad sold within Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, J. of Nat. and App. Sci., 1(2), 137-142 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ochei J.O. and Kolhatkar A.A., Medical Laboratory Science Theory and Practice sixth edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 644-657 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cheesbrough M., District Laboratory practice in tropical countries Part 2 Second edition, Cambridge University Press, New York, 157-224 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gamboa F.C., Estupinan M.K and Galindo A.O., Presence of Streptococcus mutans is saliva and its relationship with dental caries, Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Isolates, Univ. Sci. J., 9(2), 23-27 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lee S.S., Zhang W. and Li Y., The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices: results of anin vitro diffusion method study, J. of the Amer. Dent. Assoc., 135(8), 1133-1141 (2004) @No $ @ @ Marsh P.D. and Martin M.V., Oral Microbiology fifth edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, 232 (2009) @No $ @ @ Larone D.H., Identification of fungi in culture, In: A guide to identification of medically important fungi fourth Edition, ASM Press, Washington DC; 229-253 (2002) @No $ @ @ Marinho V.C, Higgins J.P, Logan S.V, Sheiham A.L and Logan S.G., One Tropical fluoride (toothpaste, mouth rinses, gels or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents, Cochrane Database System Review, 8(1), 2781 (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>Use of Biological Database to Explore Microorganisms used in Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium<#LINE#>M.A.@Hajoori,S.K.@Tank<#LINE#>36-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-134.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, INDIA<#LINE#>11/1/2015<#LINE#>28/9/2015<#LINE#>Bioinformatics is one of the newest emerging fields of life sciences. Number of biological database has been created to provide vital information regarding module of interest. The present study was aimed to utilize these biological databases to explore significant microorganisms that had got an ability to reduce hexavalent chromium. Using Text search tool available at Protein Information Resources database, total 906 entries were obtained, out of which 49 entries were filtered depicting different microorganisms having chromate reductase enzyme. Five microorganisms belonging to Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Geobacillus, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus species show positive screening for reduction of hexavalent chromium. Thus, use of biological database provides an aid to explore the microorganisms having potential in bioremediation of chromium compounds. The bacterial isolates having ability to convert toxic form of chromium into their nontoxic form can be employed for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium. <#LINE#> @ @ Ellis L.B. and Wackett L.P., Use of the University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database for study of microbial degradation, Microb. Inform. Exp., 2(1), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Arora P. and Shi W., Tools of bioinformatics in biodegradation, Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., , 211-213 (2010) @No $ @ @ Andrady A.L., Biodegradation of plastics: monitoring what happens, Plastics Additives. Springer Netherlands, 1, 32-40 (1998) @No $ @ @ Arora P.K., Srivastava A. and Singh V.P., Bacterial degradation of nitrophenols and their derivatives, J. Hazard. Mater., 266, 42-59 (2014) @No $ @ @ Karigar C.H. and Rao S.S., Role of microbial enzymes in the bioremediation of pollutants: A review enzyme. Res., 2011, 1-11 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sakar P., Bhagavatula S. and Subramanian S., Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using marine isolates from Vishakhapatnam beach, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 6 (2),118-124 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z., Leonard S.S., Wang S., Vallyathan V., Castranova V. and Shi X., Cr (VI) induces cell growth arrest through hydrogen peroxide-mediated reactions, Mole. Cell Biochem., 1(2), 77-83 (2001) @No $ @ @ Flores A. and Perez J. M., Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and in vitro DNA damage induced by potassium chromate, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.,161(1), 75-81 (1999) @No $ @ @ Lurie P. and Wolfe M. S., Continuing exposure to hexavalent chromium, a known lung carcinogen: an analysis of OSHA compliance inspections, 1990-2000, Am. J. Ind. Med., 425), 378-383 (2002) @No $ @ @ Losi M.E., Amrhein C. and Frankenberger W.T., Environmental biochemistry of chromium, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 136, 91-115 (1994) @No $ @ @ O'Brien J.C., and Patierno S.R., Effects of glutathione on chromium-induced DNA crosslinking and DNA polymerase arrest, Mole. Cell Biochem., 222, 173-182 (2001) @No $ @ @ Stearns D.M., Kennedy L.J., Courtney K.D., Giangrande P.H., Phieffer L.S. and Wetterhahn K.E., Reduction of chromium(VI) by ascorbate leads to chromium-DNA binding and DNA strand breaks in vitro, Biochemistry, 34(3), 910–919 (1995) @No $ @ @ http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/previous/07list.html, (2015) @No $ @ @ http://www.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/chromium.html, (2015) @No $ @ @ Park C.H., Keyhan M., Wielinga B., Fendorf S. and Matin A, Purification to Homogeniety and Characterization of a novel Pseudomonas putida Chromate Reductase, Appl. and Env. Microb.,66, 1788-1795 (2000) @No $ @ @ http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirwww/search/textsearch.shtml, (2015) @No $ @ @ http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirwww/search/pairwise.shtml, (2015) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1992, (1193) @No $ @ @ Biasini M., Bienert S., Waterhouse A., Arnold K., Studer G., Schmidt T., Kiefer F., Cassarino T.G., Bertoni M., Bordoli L. and Schwede T., SWISS-MODEL: modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information, Nucleic Acids Research, 42 (W1), W252-W258 (2014) @No $ @ @ Arnold K., Bordoli L., Kopp J., and Schwede T., The SWISS-MODEL Workspace: A web-based environment for protein structure homology modeling, Bioinformatics, 22, 195-201(2006) @No $ @ @ Kiefer F., Arnold K., Künzli M., Bordoli L. and Schwede T., The SWISS-MODEL Repository and associated resources, Nucleic Acids Research, 37(Database Issue), D387-D392 (2009) @No $ @ @ Guex N., Peitsch M.C. and Schwede T., Automated comparative protein structure modeling with SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer: A historical perspective, Electrophoresis 30(S1), S162-S173 (2009) @No $ @ @ Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schaffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W. and Lipman, D.J. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs, Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 3389-3402(1997) @No $ @ @ Remmert M., Biegert A., Hauser A. and Soding J., HHblits: lightning-fast iterative protein sequence searching by HMM-HMM alignment, Nat. Methods.,, 173-175 (2012) @No $ @ @ Micheletti C. and Orland H., MISTRAL: a tool for energy-based multiple structural alignment of proteins, Bioinformatics., 25, 2663-2669 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kaur H., Kumar A. and Kaur H., Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium in wastewater effluent by Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 102), Inter. Jour. of Res. In Earth and Environ. Sciences., 1(4), 18-24 (2014) @No $ @ @ Elangovan R., Abhipsa S., Rohit B., Ligy P. amd Chandraraj K., Reduction of Cr(VI) by a Bacillus sp., Biotechnology Letters., 28, 247–252 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mistry K, Desai C., Lal S., Patel K. and Patel B., Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by Staphylococcus Sp. Isolated From Cr (Vi) Contaminated Land Fill, Inter. Jour. of Biotech. and Biochem.,6(1), 117–129 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>In vitro study of Fungicides in controlling Helminthosporium oryzae causal organism of Leaf brown Spot of Rice<#LINE#>Sandeep@Pandey<#LINE#>48-51<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-135.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S University, Rewa, M.P. INDIA <#LINE#>12/9/2015<#LINE#>25/9/2015<#LINE#>Leaf brown spot is a serious disease of rice causing considerable yield losses. Among various control measures the uses of chemical fungicides have been found highly effective. In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides in inhibiting the mycelial growth of H. oryzae pathogen causal organism of leaf brown spot of rice. All the fungicidal formulations at various concentrations were found significant in reducing the radial growth of the fungus. Among the tested fungicide Bavistin @ 1500 ppm was found significantly effective in inhibiting the radial growth of mycelium and second best treatment was Hinosan that was found at par with each other at the same concentration after 144 hrs of incubation. <#LINE#> @ @ Sarkar D., Mandal R., Roy P., Taradar J. and Dasgupta B., Management of Brown Spot disease of rice by usinsafer fungicides and some bioagents, 437-441 (2014) @No $ @ @ Iqbal M.F., Hussain M. and Waqar M.Q., Evaluation of best fungicide for controlling brown leaf spot in transplanted rice, Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci.(2015) @No $ @ @ Kumar P.M.K., Sidde Gowda D.K.,  Rishikant M., Kiran Kumar N., Pandurange Gowda K.T. and Vishwanath K., Impact of fungicides on rice production in India, Fungicides: showcases of integrated plant disease management from around the world (open access chapter), 77-98 (2013) @No $ @ @ Arshad H.M.I., Hussain N., Ali S., Junaid A., Khan J.A., Saleem K and Babar M.M., Behavior of Bat different temperatures, culture media, fungicides and rice germplasm for resistance, (01), 84-90 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya D. and Bose S.K., Studies on standardizing the condition of sporulation in Phytopath., 34, 382-383 (1981) @No $ @ @ Carpenter J.B., A toximetric study of some eradicate fungicides, Phytopath., 32, 845 (1942) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M.F., Khalequzzaman K.M., Islam M.N., Anam M.K. and Islam M.T., Effect of Fungicides against Bipolarisoryzae of Rice Under In vitro Condition, Plant Pathol. Journal, 1, 4-7 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hunjan M.S., Lore J.S., Pannu P.P.S. and Thind T.S., Performance of some new fungicides against sheath blight and brown spot of rice, Plant Disease Research, 26(1), 61-67(2011) @No $ @ @ Rivero D., Cruz A., Martínez B., Rodríguez Aida T. and Ramírez M.A., In vitro antifungal activity of K1 and sigma chitosans against Bipolarisoryzae (B. de Haan) Shoem, Rev. Protección Veg., 23(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ Ibiam O.F.A., Umechuruba C. I. and Arinze A.E., In vitro Seed-dressing Technique for the Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Rice variety Faro -29, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 12(3), 39–43 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shabana Y.M., Abdel-Fattah G.M., Ismail A.E. and Rashad Y.M., Control of brown spot pathogen of rice Bipolarisoryzae) using some phenolic antioxidants, Braz J Microbiol., 39(3), 438–444 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Biochemical Responses Induced by Sub lethal Concentrations of Carbaryl and Parathion on Certain Enzymes of Fresh Water Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)<#LINE#>Rather@AjazAhmad<#LINE#>52-56<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-136.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, PMB Gujrati Science College Indore, Devi Ahliya University, Indore, M.P, INDIA <#LINE#>30/7/2015<#LINE#>28/8/2015<#LINE#>The main objective of the study was to determine the effect induced by carbaryl and parathion at sub lethal concentrations for 28 days on biochemical parameters including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) enzyme activity ofcatfish, Clarais batrachus (Linn.). The sub lethal concentration were 0.5 ml (1/5 of LC50) of Carbaryl,  and 0.09 ml (1/5 of LC50) of parathion for which the fish were exposed  at different time intervals 7,14, 21 and 28 days. The present study showed statistically significant increase value in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) level.  <#LINE#> @ @ Bretaud S., Tautant J.P. and Sanglio P, Effects of carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron on acetylcholinerase activity in gold fish, (Carassius auratus), Ecotoxical Environ Saf, 47, 117-124 (2000) @No $ @ @  Tripathi G and Harsh S., Fenvalerate-induced macromolecular changes in the catfish Clarias batrachus, J. Environ. Biol, 2, 143 – 146 (2000) @No $ @ @  Nimmi A.J. and Brown A.D., Effect of acute exposure to bleaching kraft pulp mill effluent on Carbohydrate metabolism of Juvenile Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch during rest and exercise, J. Fish Res. Bd., Canada, 32, 753–760 (1979) @No $ @ @  Dalela R.C., Bhatnagar M.C. and Verma S.K., In vivo hematological alterations in the freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus following sub-acute exposure to pesticide and their combination, J. Environ. Biol, 2, 79– 86 (1981) @No $ @ @  Finney D.J., Probit analysis 3rd edn, Cambridge University press, Cambridge, 20, (1997) @No $ @ @  Mukhopadhyay P.K. and Dehadrai P.V., Biochemical changes in the air breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) exposed to Malathion, J. Environ. Bio, 5, 221–229(1980)@No $ @ @  Verma S.R., S Rani and Dalela R.C., Effects of pesticides and their combinations on three serum phosphatases of Mystus vittatus, J. Env. Res, 21, 9–14 (1984) @No $ @ @  Tewari S.K. and T.V. Reddy, Effect of starvation on certain blood parameters of a fresh water teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Ad. Bios, 7, 191–195 (1988) @No $ @ @  Yang J.L and Chen H.C., Serum metabolic enzyme activities and hepatocyte ultra-structure of common carp after gallium exposure, Zoological Studies, 42, 455–461 (2003) @No $ @ @  Nayaka A.K., Das B.K., Kohlia B.M.P.S. and Mukherjee S.C., The immunosuppressive effect of &#945;-permethrin on Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.), Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 16, 41-50 (2004) @No $ @ @  Das P.C, Jena J.K. and Das B.K., Acute toxicity of ammonia and its sub lethal effects on selected haematological and enzymatic parameters of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), Aquaculture Research, 35, 134–143 (2004) @No $ @ @  Jee L.H., Masroor F. and Kang J.Ch., Responses of Cypermethrin induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes sehlegeli, Aquaculture Research, 36, 898–905 (2005) @No $ @ @  Min E.Y and Kang J.C., Effect of benomyl on the haematological and antioxidant parameters of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 92, 138-143 (2008) @No $ @ @  Goel K.A and Maya, Haematological anomalies in Clarias batrachus under the stress of roger, Ad. Biol., 5, 187–192 (1986) @No $ @ @  Revathi K.R., Sharmili and Sangeetha U., Biochemical studies on the effect of Organophosphorus compound on Sartherodon mossambicus (Trewas)., J. Exp. Zool. Ind., 6, 365–368 (2003) @No $ @ @  Rehulka J. and Minarik B., Effect of lecithin on the haematological indices of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Aquaculture Research, 34, 617–627 (2003) @No $ @ @  Bhattacharya H., Lun L. and Gomez G.D.R., Biochemical effect to toxicity of CCl4 on Rosy barbs (Puntius conchonius), Our Nature, 3, 20–25 (2005) @No $ @ @  Velisek J., Wlasow T. and Dudzik M., Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Veterinarni Medicina, 51, 469–476 (2006) @No $ @ @  Borges A. and Wassermann G.F., Changes in haematological and serum biochemical values in Rhamdia quelen due to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin, Chemosphere, 69, 920–926 (2007 @No $ @ @  Gautam R.K., Shah S., Singh N. and Irshad S., Changes in certain enzymological parameters in nuvan induced freshwater teleost Channa punctatus (Bloch), Aquacult 9, 73–74 (2008) @No $ @ @  Zaki M.S., Fawzi O.M. and EI-Jackey J., Pathological and biochemical studies in Tilapia nilotica infected with Saprolegnia parasitica and treated with potassium permanganate, Environ. Sci., 3, 677–680 (2008)  @No
<#LINE#>Characterization of Pseudomonas savastoni pv. phaseolicola in Seed lots of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek ) collected from Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>S.@Chaturvedi,Kulshrestha@S.,K.@Agrawal<#LINE#>57-61<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-139.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>20/8/2015<#LINE#>11/9/2015<#LINE#>Halo blight caused by Pseudomonas savastoni pv. phaseolicola (Pph) of mungbean is an important seed-borne bacterialdisease accounting for a heavy loss in its production worldwide. In the present study, a total of 151 seeds were collectedfrom fields of 14 districts of Rajasthan state and screened for occurrence and percent incidence of Pph. The pathogen wasisolated from infected and healthy looking seeds. A total of 30 isolates were found and identified by growth on a semiselective agar medium MSP, LOPAT tests and biochemical characteristics such as sugar utilization, gelatin liquefaction,H2S production and esculin hydrolysis etc. medium MSP was used for isolation and confirmation of the pathogen. The higherincidence of Pph on MSP was recorded in seed samples of Ajmer (50- 93%), Bhilwara (42- 71%), Churu (35-69%),Ganganagar (48-59%), Jalore(54-79%),Jhunjhunu(37-71%) and Nagaur(43-88%) districts.<#LINE#> @ @ Tang D., Dong Y., Ren H. Li,L. and He C., A review ofphytochemistry, metabolite changes, and medicinal usesof the common food mung bean and its sprouts (radiata), Chem. Cent. J., 8, 4 (2014) @No $ @ @ Jaya Prakash, Priya A., Yamini SudhaLakshmi G.,Fouzia Banu, Gopalakrishnan S., Dhanalakshmi P.,Sagadevan E., Manimaran A and Arumugam P.,Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity ofVigna radiata L. Against bacterial pathogens involved infood spoilage and food borne diseases,Res., 1(6), 355-359 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mubark A.E., Nutritional composition and antinutritionalfactors of mung bean seeds (Phaseolus aureusaffected by some home traditional processes,Chem., 89, 489-495 (2005) @No $ @ @ AVRDC, Mung bean, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center–The World vegetation center,http://www.avrdc.org/index.php?id=416&nocache=1&swordlist bean (2012) @No $ @ @ Schwartz H.F., Franc G.D., Hanson L.E and HarvesonR.M., Disease management, In: Dry Bean Production andPest Management. H. F. Schwartz, M.A. Brick, R.M.Harveson, and G.D. Franc, (eds), Colorado State Univ.,Cort Collins, CO (2005)@No $ @ @ Schwartz H.F., Halo blight, In: Bean production problems in the tropics (Schwartz H.F., Pastor-Corrales M.A., eds.), International Center of Tropical Agriculture, CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 285-301(1989) @No $ @ @ Richardson M.J., An annotated list of seeddiseases, 4th edn. Proc. Int,Zurich, Switzerland., 376 (1990) @No $ @ @ Ishimaru C., Mohan S.K. and Franc G.D., Halo blight, In: Compendium of Bean Diseases. H. F. Schwartz, J. R. Steadman, R. Hall, and R. L. Forster, eds. AmericanPhytopathological Society, St. Paul,MN (2005) @No $ @ @ Harveson R.M. and Schwartz H.F., Bacterialdiseases ofdry edible beans in the central high plains, Online,Health Progress, doi:10.1094/PHP2007012501DG(2007) @No $ @ @ Donmez M.F., Sahin F. and Elkoca E., Identification of bean genotypes from turkey resistance to common bacterial blight and halo blight diseases, Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 12(4), 139-151 (2013) @No $ @ @ Arnold D.L., Lovell H.C., Jackson R.W. and Mansfield J.W., Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola: From ‘hasbean’ to supermodel, Mol.(2011) @No $ @ @ Burkholder W.H., The bacterial diseases of the bean: acomparative study, Memoirs, Cornell Univ. Agric. ExpStation, 127, 1–88 (1930) @No $ @ @ Prosen D., Hatziloukas E., Schaad N.W. and PanopoulosN.J., Specific detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola DNA in bean seed by polymerase chainreaction-based amplification of a phaseolotoxin generegion, Phytopathology, 83, 965–970 (1993) @No $ @ @ Lelliott R.A. and Stead D.E., Methods for the diagnosisof bacterial diseases of plants. In Methods in PlantPathology, Vol. 2. Blackwell Scientific Publication,Oxford, London, 216 (1987) @No $ @ @ Klement Z., Rapid detection and the pathogenicity ofphytopathogenic Pseudomonads, Nature., 199, 299-300(1963) @No $ @ @ Agarwal P.C., Mortenson C.N. and Mathur S.B., Seedbornediseases and seed health testing of rice, TechnicalBull. No. 3, Phytopath. Papers No. 30. Danish Govt.institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries(DGISP), Copenhegan and CAB InternationalMycological Institute, Kew (CMI) UK, 106 (1989) @No $ @ @ Harley-Prescott, Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology,5th edition, The McGraw- Hill Companies, 466 (2002) @No $ @ @ Anonymous Seed Health Testing Methods; 7-023,Detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicolaon Phaseolus vulgaris. International Rules for SeedTesting (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland (2010) @No $ @ @ Jansing H. and Rudolph K., Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola: ISTA Handbook on Seed Health Testing,International Seed Testing Association, Zurich,Switzerland, (Working Sheet, 66) (1996) @No $ @ @ Schaad N., Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 2nd edn. St Paul, MN: APS Press(1988) @No $ @ @ Kurowski C. and Remeeus P.M., Detection ofPseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola on Phaseolusvulgaris. International Seed Testing Association,Bassersdorf, Switzerland, (International Rules for SeedTesting, 7-023) (2008) @No $ @ @ Mohan S.K. and Schaad N.W., An improved agar platingassay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaeand P. s. pv, phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed,Phytopath., 77, 1390–1395 (1987) @No $ @ @ Saettler A.W., Schaad N.W. and Roth D.A., Detection ofbacteria in seed (Ed.) APS Press (The AmericanPhytopathological Society), St. Paul, Minnesota, 122(1989) @No $ @ @ Buruchara R., Mukankusi C. and Ampofo K., Beandisease and pest identification and management, CentroInternacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT),International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Kampala,Uganda (2010) @No $ @ @ Fourie D., Distribution and severity of bacterial diseaseson dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in South Africa, J.Phytopathol., 150, 220–226 (2002) @No $ @ @ Murillo J., Bardaji L. and Führer E., La grasa de lasjudías, causada por la bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola. Phytoma, 224, 27–32 (2010) @No $ @ @ Taylor J.D., Teverson D.M., Allen D.J. and PastorCorralesM.A., Identification and origin of races ofPseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola from Africa andother bean growing areas, Plant Pathol., 45, 469–478(1996) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Water Potability Test of Drinking Water collected from sub regions of district Jalandhar” Punjab, India: A Review<#LINE#>Jasmeen@Kaur,Harshpreet@Kaur<#LINE#>62-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2015-109.pdf<#LINE#>Akal College of Agriculture, Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Dist Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, INDIA @ CCSHAU, Hissar, Haryana, 125004, INDIA <#LINE#>24/7/2015<#LINE#>21/8/2015<#LINE#>  Water not containing any sufficient quantity saline material and free from contaminants is fit for drinking and is regarded as a mineral water. A water is said to be portable which is without any hamful factor, but due to increase in urbanization , industries and interferance of human activities has lead to increase in water pollution level  which causes water unfit for drinking to the human population and causes various harmful diseases. This paper includes the analysis of pHysico-chemical properties of drinking water like BOD, COD, Alkalinity ,hardness, chloride, pH and bacteriological examination  of collected tap water from various sub regions of  district Jalandhar. Various papers on water portability test by different researchers has also been summarized in this article which are helpful  for further treatment of the water system. <#LINE#> @ @ Khanam Zeba and Singh Vir, Groundwater quality assessment near polluted canal, area in Kichha Town, Uttarakhand, India, Int Jou of Rec Sci Res, 5, 362-368 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kumar N, Singh A and Sharma P, To study the pHysicoChemical properties and Bacteriological examinaion of Hot spring water from Vashisht region in Dist. Kullu of HP. India, Int  Res Jour of Env Sci.; 2(8), 28-31 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar A, Rawat S, Srivastava M. and Bhushan V., PHysico-chemical analysis and isolation of Bacteria from water sample of Maharana Partap Sagar, Kangra dist of Himachal Pradesh, Jou of app sci in Env Sanit; 7(3), 161-166 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ramachandra Kamath, Sharad Sawai and Saurabh Kumar, Accessibiity, Availability and potability of drinking water in rural households of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India, (3), 417-422 (2015) @No $ @ @ Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, (Internet), National rural drinking water programme, movement towards ensuring people drinking water security in India, (2015) @No $ @ @ StepHen T. Odonkor and JossepH K., Ampofo, Escherichia coli as an indicator of bacteriological quality of water, Microbio res, 4, e2 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shahedur R, Anowar Khasru Parvez and Rezwanul Islam, Identification and quantification of Escherichia coli from drinking water in Bangladesh, Int Jo Micro Imm Res, 1(4), 47-51 (2013) @No $ @ @ Haydar S., Arshad M., Aziz J.A, Evaluation of drinking water quality in Urban Areas of Pakistan, Pak jou of engg and app sci, 5, 16-23 (2009) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, (Internet): Facts and figures: water, sanitationand hygiene links to health (cited2012 april 14), (2014) @No $ @ @ WHOWorld Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking water quality Recommendations International Standards of Drinking Water Geneva, (2004) @No