@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Crop Damage by Asian Elephants Elephas maximus and Effectiveness of Mitigating Measures in Coimbatore Forest Division, South India<#LINE#>Ramkumar@Kalyanasundaram,Ramakrishnan@Balasundaram,R.@Saravanamuthu<#LINE#>1-11<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-25.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal, Tamil Nadu– 609 305, INDIA @ Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>24/1/2014<#LINE#>5/3/2014<#LINE#>  A short term study on crop damage by elephants and effectiveness of mitigating measures was carried out from November 2008-April 2009 in Coimbatore Forest Division, Tamilnadu, South India. Totally 438 persons were interviewed from the forest fringe villages of six forest ranges of the Coimbatore Forest Division. This study revealed that 32 Grama Panchayaths were affected by elephant crop raids. Total frequency of elephant’s attempt to raid the crop fields (n=438) were recorded as 2124. Crop raiding attempts and success was highest in Odanthurai panchayath. Lowest attempts were recorded in Madukarai panchayath. Totally 31 crop species were recorded during the study period, of which 24 species were raided by elephants at various intensities. Banana (Musa paradisia) (139.49 acres), Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) (122.35 acres), Areca nut (Areca catechu) (18993 trees), Coconut (Cocus nucifera) (4701 trees) were the most raided crops by elephants. Crops such as Marigold (Tagetus erecta), Sappota (Pouteria sapota) Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Millet (Panicum sp.), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and Brinjal (Solanum melongeana L.) were not raided by elephants. Totally eight different mitigating measures were used by the local people to prevent the elephants. Among the methods elephant proof trench only found to be the most successful mitigating measure. This present study revealed that family herds were highly responsible for crop damage (66 – 75 %) than solitary males (25 – 34 %).  <#LINE#> @ @   Ramakrishnan B. and Saravanamuthu R., Elephant – the key stone species, Published by Tamilnadu State Council for Science and Technology and Indo American Wildlife Society, Chennai, (2010)@No $ @ @ Ramakrishnan B., Status of wildlife Corridors and their use by selected endangered mammals in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, Ph.D thesis submitted to Bharathidhasan, University, Tamilnadu (2008) @No $ @ @  Sivaganesan N. and Ramakrishnan B., An ecological assessment on the development of Sachidhanandha Jothi Niketan School adjoining the Kallar-Jacanari corridor in Coimbatore forest division, Nilgiris, Wildlife corridor project technical report submitted to the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore (1997)@No $ @ @ Sukumar R., Ecology of the asian elephants Elephas maximus and its interaction with man in South India, Ph.DThesis, In India (1985) @No $ @ @ Balasubramaniyan M., Baskaran N., Swaminathan S., and Desai A.A., Crop raiding by Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, South India, In proceedings of the international seminar on the conservation of asian elephants, eds. 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<#LINE#>Homology modelling of Frizzled 1 CRD and understanding the mechanism of Wnt mediated dimerization<#LINE#>Sharma@Pankaj,Mahesh@Kulharia,Manvender@Singh<#LINE#>12-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-40.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt of Biotech, N.C. College of Engg, Israna Panipat, INDIA @ Centre of Bioinformatics, Central Univ of Punjab, Bhatinda, INDIA @ Deptt of Biotech, UIET, MDU, Rohtak, INDIA<#LINE#>15/2/2014<#LINE#>5/4/2014<#LINE#>  Frizzled is a family of G protein-coupled receptor serve as receptors in the Wnt signaling pathway. The usual length of frizzled proteins is about 600 amino acids. The N- terminus comprises of cysteine rich domain (CRD)  and is extracellular. The CRD is followed by a lipopathic flexible region of 40-100 residues. The transmembrane part of frizzled protein consists of seven transmembrane -helices that form hydrophobic domains and are considered as a typical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Frizzled and Wnt interaction is imperative for the signal transduction involving catenin protein. To understand the Wnt and Frizzled interaction a protocol was developed for the comparative model generation. The human Frizzled receptor (Fz1) has been studied and homology based structure model is proposed. The model was exhaustively checked on various parameters and was found to be of good quality. On the surface of Cysteine Rich Domain important sites were identified that could potentially play a role in Wnt mediated dimerisation of Frizzled receptors.<#LINE#> @ @ Cadigan K. and  Liu Y., Wnt signaling: complexity at the surface, J Cell Sci., 119(Pt 3), 395-402 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chen X. and Deng Y., Simulations of a specific inhibitor of the dishevelled PDZ domain, J Mol Model., 15(1), 91-69 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cong F.L., Wnt signals across the plasma membrane to activate the beta-catenin pathway by forming oligomers containing its receptors, Frizzled and LRP Development.,131(20), 5103-15(2004) @No $ @ @ Huang H. and Klein P., The Frizzled family: receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, Genome Biol., 5(7),234 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jenny A. , Diego and Prickle regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signalling by competing for Dishevelled Binding,  Nat Cell Biol., 7(7), 691-70 (2005) @No $ @ @ Melchior K., The WNT receptor FZD7 contributes to self-renewal signaling of human embryonic stemcells, Biol Chem., 389(7), 897-903 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zeng X.H., Initiation of Wnt signaling: control of Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 hosphorylation/activation via frizzled, dishevelled and axin functions, Development, 135(2), 367-75 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., Gibson T.J., CLUSTAL W improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specificgap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic   Acids Res., 22(22), 4673-80 (1994) @No $ @ @ Dhar D.V., Tanuj S., Kumar M.S. and Kumar P.A., Insights to Sequence Information of Lactoylglutathione Lyase    Enzyme from Different Source Organisms, I. Res. J.Biological Sci., 1(6), 38-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Manderville R.A., Synthesis, proton-affinity and anticancer properties of the prodigiosin-group naturalproducts, Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents, ., 195–218 (2001) @No $ @ @ Perez-Tomas R., Montaner B., Llagostera E. and SotoCerrato V., The prodigiosins, proapoptotic drugs with anticancer properties, Biochem Pharmaco., 66, 1447 – 52(2003) @No $ @ @ Rich A.M., Nataatmadja M.I. and Reade P.C., Basal cell nuclear size in experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis, Br. J. Cancer, 64, 96–98 (1991) @No $ @ @ http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/services/web/toolform.ebi?tool=tcoffee (2012) @No $ @ @ http://zinc.docking.org/ (2012) @No $ @ @ Gothoskar S.V. and Ranadive K.J., Anticancer screening of SAN-AB; an extract of marking nut, Semicarps anacardium, Indian J Exp Biol, , 372- 375 (1971) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi V.D., Arora S., Kumar A. and Mishra S.K., Computational analysis of xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme from different source organisms, Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, DOI :10.1007/s13721-013-0029-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rich A.M., Nataatmadja M.I. and Reade P.C., Basal cell nuclear size in experimental oral mucosal carcinogenesis,Br. J. Cancer, 64, 96–98 (I991)  @No  
<#LINE#>Concerted Effect of Increasing Temperature and Persistent Sub-Lethal Chlorine Concentration on the Gills of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Fingerlings<#LINE#>R.@Rama,A.K.@Pal,R.S.@Dalvi,UshaRani@M.V.<#LINE#>16-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-41.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>19/2/2014<#LINE#>8/3/2014<#LINE#>  Thermal effluents discharged from nuclear power plants are the source of stress factors such as elevated temperature and chlorine to aquatic organisms. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to assess morphological changes in the gill tissue of a freshwater fish Labeo rohita on exposure to increasing temperatures and sub-lethal concentration of chlorine. Fishes were segregated in to two different groups (control and experimental) and acclimated to four different temperatures (26, 31, 33 and 36°C) for 30 days. Then, the fishes in the experimental groups were subjected to 0.1 mg L-1 of chlorine, besides temperature treatments. At the end of 15 and 30 days of acclimation period gill tissue was examined for histopathological changes. Normal gill structure was observed in control group at 26, 31 and 33°C. However at 36°C marked histological alterations were noticed in the tissue. In the chlorine treated experimental groups discernible changes in the gills such as atrophic changes in primary and secondary gill lamellae, complete loss of secondary gill filaments, interlamellar infiltration of leucocytes, complete disintegration of secondary lamellae and clubbing of primary lamellae were observed. The results of the present study established that, elevated temperature affected the cellular integrity of the gills and the combined effect of increasing temperatures and chlorine further augmented the histological damage in the gill tissue of L.rohita.  <#LINE#> @ @ Brett J. R., Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes, Q. Rev. Biol., 31, 75–88 (1956) @No $ @ @ Myrick C. A. and Cech JR, J. J., Swimming performance of four California stream fishes: temperature effects, Environ. Biol. Fish., 58, 289-295 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lass S. and Spaak P. Temperature effects on chemical signaling in predator prey systems, Freshw. Biol., 48, 669-677 (2003) @No $ @ @ Morgan I. J., McDonald D. G. and Wood C. M, The cost of living for freshwater fish in a warmer, more polluted world, Global Change Biol.,, 345-355 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tyedmers P. and Ward B., A review of the impacts of climate changes on BC’s freshwater fish resources and possible management responses, Fish. Res. 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<#LINE#>Antimicrobial activities of Syzigium aromaticum L. (Clove)<#LINE#>R.P.@Mishra,Kalyani@Sharma<#LINE#>22-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-42.pdf<#LINE#>Innovation Life Sciences, NSRI Campus, Lucknow, INDIA @ IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, INDIA<#LINE#>20/2/2014<#LINE#>26/4/2014<#LINE#>  Bioactive compounds from Syzigium aromaticum were extracted by Soxhlet using methanol and extracts were examined for its phytocomponents along with Clove oil. These bioactive plant compounds were screened for possible antimicrobial activities against six strains of MDR S. aureus. Antioxidant activities of extracts and oil was examined by free radical scavenging method. <#LINE#> @ @ Ayoola G.A., Lawore F.M., Adelowotan T., Aibinu I.E., Adenipekun E., Coker H.A.B. and Odugbemi T.O., Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzigium aromaticum (clove), Afr. J. Micro. Res.,, 162-166 (2008) @No $ @ @ Karuppiah P. and Rajaram S., Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens, Asian Pacific J. Tropical Biomedicine, 597-601 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nassar M.I., Gaara A.H., El-Ghorab A.H., Farrag A.H., Shen H., Huq E. and Mabry T.J., Chemical constituents of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Fa. Myrtaceae) and their antioxidant activity, Rev. Latoniamer. Quim., 35(3), 47-57 (2007) @No $ @ @ Karamac M., Kosinska A. and Pegg R.B., Content of gallic acid in selected plant extracts, Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.,15(56), 2-7 (2006) @No $ @ @ Prasad C., Mishra R.P., Ali A., Gangawar V.S. and Chand S., Isolation and characterization of multi drug resistant super pathogens from soil samples collected from hospitals, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 2(ISC-2012) , 124-129 (2013) @No $ @ @ 6.Verma N.K., Vibha and Kumar A., A comparative study of heavy metals in Emblica officinalis Phyllanthus emblica and Azadirachta indica, Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci., 2(8), 16-19 (2013) @No $ @ @  Lokesh R., Erayya, Kumaranag K.M., Chandrashekhar N. and Khan A.N.A., In vivo efficacy of some antibiotics against bacterial blight of Pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Punicae, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,3(1), 31-35 (2014) @No $ @ @ Abalunan, April J.F., Teves, Franco G., Madamba and Maria R.S.B., Isolation of fungal species and aflotoxin detection in fermented products, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 51-54 (2013) @No $ @ @  Bakhshiani S. and Fazilati M., Vitemin C can reduce toxic effects of nano zinc oxide, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.3(3), 65-70 (2014) @No $ @ @  Behera B., Yadav D. and Sharma M.C. Effect of an herbal formulation (Indrayanadi Yog) on blood glucose level, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 67-71 (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Anti-Microbial Effects of Some Leafy Vegetables - A Comparative Analysis<#LINE#>P.@Bhojane,S.@Damle,A.@Thite,V.@Dabholkar<#LINE#>26-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-44.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, K.C.College, Mumbai- 400 020, INDIA <#LINE#>17/2/2014<#LINE#>7/4/2014<#LINE#>  Many plants are known to inhibit multiplication of certain microbes that can cause health hazards in humans. These plants owe their antimicrobial properties mostly to the secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and volatile oil present within. These compounds can be extracted from plants using organic solvents. Monsoon plants, mostly the leafy vegetables, are often credited for their high fiber and mineral content but are less investigated for their efficacy in controlling the growth of pathogenic microbes. The current research aims at identifying some plants that are available only during the monsoon and investigating their ability to act as antimicrobial agents. A paper disc method is employed for the purpose and the plant extracts are made using three organic solvents namely ethanol, acetone and chloroform. It shows promising results against the pathogenic bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae used in the experiments. This base data can lead to further investigations to separate and purify secondary metabolite fractions from these plant extracts and identify their active ingredients responsible for their antimicrobial activity.   <#LINE#> @ @ Saxena M, Saxena J, Nema R, Singh D and Gupta A, Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(6), 168-182 (2013) @No $ @ @ Doughari J.H., Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents, Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Rolein Nutrition and Health, 1-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Udaya Prakash N. K, S Bhuvaneswari, Balamurugan  A, Radhika  B, Bhagya R, N. Sripriya, Prameela L, Sarojini S, Vigneshwari R, Chandran M    and Arokiyaraj  S, Studies on Phytochemistry of 100 Plants in Chennai, India, British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(3), 407-419 (2013) @No $ @ @ Omale J, Adeyemi A R and B. Omajali Jacob Bamaiyi, Phytoconstituents, proximate and nutrient investigations of Saba Florida (Benth.) from Ibaji forest, International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2(5), 88-92 (2010) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay Y., Madhav Nidaan, Chaukhamba Prakashan, India, Chapter 7, Krumi Adhyay, Shlok 5, (2013) @No $ @ @ Pullaiah T, Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants, Daya Books, India, Volume 1 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kavitha Krishna R, Krishna Kumari S, Vinodha M, Sebastin A, Gomathi R, In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Amorphallus Commutatus An Endemic Aroid of Western Ghats, South India. International research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2), 133-137 (2012) @No $ @ @ Trivedi P.C, Medicinal Plants Traditional Knowledge, I. K. International Pvt Ltd, India (2006) @No $ @ @ Krishna  A. R., Singh  A,  Jaleel V.A, Sreena  R , Karthikeyan S and Gothandam K. M , Morphological, Phytochemical, & anti-bacterial properties of wild and indigenous plant (Amorphallus commutatus), Academic Journals 7(13), 744-748. (2013) @No $ @ @ www.wisegeek.com/ what - are - the - medical- uses- of-portulaca- oleracea.htm (2014) @No $ @ @ Khare C.P., Indian Medicinal Plants, Springer, India (2007) @No $ @ @ Salvador M J , Pereira P S, França S C, Candido R C, ItoI Y, Dias D A, Comparative study of antibacterial and antifugal activity of callus culture and adult plants extracts from Alternanthera maritima (Amaranthaceae), Braz. J. Microbiol., 35, 1-2 São Paulo (2004) @No $ @ @ Shendkar C D, Chandrachood P S , Lavate S M., Jagtap S D. and Deshpande N R Antibacterial Screening of  Achyranthes aspera Linn. Root Extracts, Annals of Biological Research, 3(5), 2202-2204 (2012) @No $ @ @  Khan A., Rahman M., Islam M.S. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of 3, 5 diacetyltambulin isolated from Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume ex. Decne, DARU,16, 4 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma U, Agnihotri R K., Ahmad S, Mahajan S, and Sharma R, Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants of family Lamiaceae from Braj region, Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 1(1), 72-76 (2013) @No $ @ @ Félicien A, Alain A. G , Sébastien D T. , Fidele T, Boniface Y, Chantal M and Dominique S, Chemical composition and Biological activities of the Essential oil extracted from the Fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(3), 7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hegde C R., Madhuri  M., Swaroop T. N, Das A, Bhattacharya S and Rohit K.C., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 1(2), 32-37, June (2012) @No $ @ @ Manal I A., Musa H.A., Yousif K.H. and Sabahelkhier M.K., Investigation Antibacterial Activity Extraction from Two Medicinal Plants Available in Sudan, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(10), 6-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India,IV A. (2003) @No $ @ @ Almeida M. R., Flora of Maharashtra, Orient Press, India, I. (1996) @No $ @ @ Kursat M and Erecevit P, The Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Some Lamiaceae Members Collected from Turkey, Turkish Journal of Science & Technology, 4(1), 81-85 (2009) @No $ @ @ Masih U., Shrimali R. and Naqvi S.M.A, Antibacterial Activity of Acetone and Ethanol Extracts of Cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria,International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmad J, Khan I, Ahmad A and Imam K, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic root Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens,Research Journal of Recent Sciences, Vol. 2(ISC-2012) @No $ @ @ , 41-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sangeetha J. & Vijayalakshmi K., Antimicrobial activity of rind extracts of Punica granatumLinn, The Bioscan, An International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 6(1),119-124 (2011) @No $ @ @  Dubey R.C. and Maheshwari D.K., Practical Microbiology, 1st edition (2002) @No $ @ @  Penecilla G.L. and Magno C.P., Antibacterial activity of extracts of twelve common medicinal plants from the Philippines, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3975-3981 (18 August, 2011) (2011) @No $ @ @  More S.M., Shinde V.A., Khan S, Girde A.V. and Pawar V.N., Antimicrobial Activity of Phospholipid Compound Produced by Acidophilic Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Lonar Lake, Buldhana, India,Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(11), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirby Bauer_antibiotic_testing (2013) @No $ @ @  Ryan K J, Ray CG, Sherri’s Medical Microbiology, McGraw-Hill Medical, United States of America, 4thEdition. (2004) @No $ @ @  Verma V., Bhardwaj A., Rathi S. and Raja R.B., A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract; Development of a New Generation Antibiotic,ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 48-54 (2012) @No $ @ @  Kowti R, Harsha. R, Mohammed G A, Hareesh A R, Thammanna G SS, Dinesha R, Kumar S BP, Ali I M, Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of leaf and flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 691-698 (2010) @No $ @ @  Cleidson V, de Souza S M, Smânia E F A, Smânia Jr. A, Screening Methods To Determine Antibacterial Activity Of Natural Products, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38:369-380 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jagessar R.C., Mars A., Gomes G., Selective Antimicrobial properties of Phyllanthus acidus leafextract against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureususing Stokes Disc diffusion, Well diffusion, Streak plate and a dilution method, Nature and Science, 6(2), 24-38 (2008) @No $ @ @  Bibi Y., Nisa S., Chaudhary F.M. andMuhammad Z., Antibacterial activity of some selected medicinal plants of Pakistan, doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-52 (2011) @No $ @ @  Kensav M., Studies On Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activities Of lantana Camara Linn, Plant Sciences Feed 1(5), 74-79 (2011) @No $ @ @  Umadevi K.J., Vanitha V. and Viayalakshmi K. Antimicrobial activity of three Indian Medicinl Plants- An In Vitrostudy, The Bioscan, An International Quaterly Journal of Life Sciences, 6(1), 25-28 (2011) @No $ @ @  Saklani S, Gahlot M, Kumar A, Singh R, Patial R and Kashyap P., Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii, Int. J. Drug Res. Tech., 1(1), 52-59 (2011) @No $ @ @  Radji M., Agustama R.A., Elya B., Tjampakasari C.R., Antimicrobial activity of green tea extract against isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Asian Pac J Trop Biomed; 3(8), 663-667(2013) @No $ @ @  Baskaran C., Ratha bai V., Velu S., Kumaran K., The efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extract on some bacterial and a fungal strain by well diffusion method, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease: S658-S662 (2012) @No $ @ @  Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @  Singh R and Sankar C., Screening of the Cassia fistula Flowers Extract for the Anti-Acne Activity,Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(11), 53-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Prajapati Ajaypal, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity Studies of 5-Nitro N’ [Arylidenhydrazidomethyl Indole] 2-(Substituted Aryl) -3-(N’-Indolyl Acetamiddyl)-4-Oxothiazolidines, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 99-104 (2012) @No $ @ @  Arora P.N. and Malhan P.K., Biostatistics, Himalaya Publishing House, India (2006) @No $ @ @ Reddy L.J. and Jose B., Statistical Analysis of the antibacterial activity of Zanthoxylum rhetsa seed essential oil., Journal of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research3(10), 440-444 (2011) @No $ @ @  Pratima H. and Mathad P, Antibacterial activity of various leaf extract of Cajanus cajan Lin., The Bioscan, An International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 6(1), 111-114 (2011) @No $ @ @ Khan U A, Rahman H, Niaz Z, Muhammad Q, Khan J, Tayyaba and Rehman B., Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against selected human pathogenic bacteria, European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 3(4), 272–274 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Seasonal occurence of Fungal Diversity in Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.): The Primary Food Plant of Eri Silkworm [Samia ricini (Denovan)]<#LINE#>A.@Borgohain,J.@Sonowal,M.@Chutia,R.@Das<#LINE#>33-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-46.pdf<#LINE#> Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat-785700, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>24/2/2014<#LINE#>21/4/2014<#LINE#>  Ricinus communis L. is a primary food plant of eri silkworm [Samia ricini (Danovan)], a domesticated polyphagous multivoltine lepidopteran insect which is responsible for producing sericin. It is also a non-edible oilseed crop plant with unique oil compositions for the chemical industry as well as an important source of income for the people of North East India. Fungal diversity of castor was studied from the infected tender and mature leaves during two seasons i.e. summer (March-June) and winter (November-February) along with the meteorological parameters. A total of 11 fungal species were isolated during the seasons. The present investigation showed that 8 species of fungi viz., Alternaria ricini, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cercospora ricinela, Curvularia clavata, Fusarium sp. were dominant during the summer and 3 fungal species viz., Emericella nidulans, Leveillula taurica, Melampsora ricini were restricted to the winter season only. Maximum numbers of fungal species were isolated during the summer season as compared to winter season. Positive correlation is observed between the temperature and fungal colony in summer and rainfall and fungal colony in winter season. Whereas, negative correlation is observed between relative humidity and assemblage of fungal colonies and temperature and fungal colonies in winter season and rainfall and fungal colonies in summer seasons.  A. ricini, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and C. ricinela were found to be most abundant species during all the seasons. Among these fungal species some are infectious towards the castor leaf which may lower the quality and quantity of the leave production as well as growth and development of the plant. <#LINE#> @ @ Das R. and Das K., Enemies of castor (Ricinus communisL); Euphorbiaceae) in geographical condition of Assam, Indian Silk, 14-16 (2005) @No $ @ @ Choudhuri S.N., Muga Silk Industry. Directorate of Sericulture, Govt of Assam, Dispur, Assam (India), 34-35 (1981) @No $ @ @ Sarmah M.C., Chutia M., Neog K., Das R., Rajkhowa G., Gogoi S.N., Evaluation of promising castor genotype in term of agronomical and yield attributing traits,biochemical properties and rearing performance of eri silkworm, Samia ricini (Denovan), Ind. Crop. Prod., 34, 149-1446 (2011) @No $ @ @ Phillips R. and Martyn R., Annuals and Biennials, London: Macmillan,106 (1999) @No $ @ @ Popova E.V., Castor Oil plant, Lenin Academy of Agriculture Scientific and Industrial Application, Botany Men, Culture Lenin, U.S.S.R., 3 (1963) @No $ @ @ Weiss E.A., Oil Seed Crops, Tropical Agricultural Science, Longman London (1983) @No $ @ @ Zahir A.A., Rahuman A.A., Bagavan A., Santhoshkumar T., Mohamed R.R., Kamaraj C., Rajakumar G., Elango G., Jayaseelan C., Marimuthu  S., Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach, Parasitol. Res., 107(3), 585-592 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hata K. and Futai K., Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis. Can.  J. Bot., 73, 384-390 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bhuyan P.M., Sandilya S.P and Gogoi D.K., Phylloshere microflora of Muga silkworm host plant Perseae bombycina Kost (Som) leaves in Jporhat District of Assam, India, 2(12), 60-65 (2013) @No $ @ @  Saha L.R., Handbook of Plant Diseases, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi ,100-103 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty R., Impact of microbe in degradation of bamboo plantation of Balpakram National Parkmof Meghalaya with special reference to the parasitic forms, India, Res.J.recent.Sci., 1(ISC-2011) , 310-312 (2012) @No $ @ @  Bobade  S.N. and Khyade V.B., Influence of inorganic nutrients on the activity of enzyme, nitrate reductase in the leaves of mulberry, Morus alba (L) (M-5 variety), Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(5), 14-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj  V . and Neelam G., Importance of exploration of microbial biodiversity, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 78-83 (2012) @No $ @ @  Cole J.S. and Fernandes D.L., Effects of light, temperature and humidity on sporulation of Erysiphe cichoracearum on tobacco, Trans. British Mycol. Soc.,55(3), 345-353 (1970) @No $ @ @  Nene Y.L. and Thaplyal P.N., Fungicides in plant disease control, third ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, UK, 531-532 (2000) @No $ @ @  Maji  M.D., Qadri S.M.H., Pal, S.C., Evaluation of mulberry phylloplane microorganisms for biological control of bacterial leaf spot of mulberry caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori., Indian J. Agric. Res., 37(4),  307–30 (2003) @No $ @ @  Dix N.J. and Webster, Fungal Ecology, Chapman and Hall, London, 549 (1995) @No $ @ @  Blakeman J.P., Pathogens in the foliar environment, Plant Pathol., 42(4),  479-493 (1993) @No $ @ @  Kamala and Singh C.S., Succession of fungi on decaying leaves of some pteridophytes, In: Imprine avee periodique Annalese L. Institute Pasteur, No. ordre 4474, Tome, 119,  468-482 (1970) @No $ @ @  Alamiri S.A., Epiphytic Microflora on the leaves of Juniperus procera from aseer region, Saudi Arabia, J. Biol. Sci., 8(5), 24-27 (2008) @No $ @ @  Gilmah C.J., A manual of Soil fungi Printwell Jaipur (India),1-256 (1995) @No $ @ @ Burnett H.L. and Hunter  B.B., Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, (Fourth Edition) Macmillan Publishing Campus N.Y., collar Macmillan Publishers London, 216 (1987) @No $ @ @  Tilak S.T., Air borne pollen and fungal spores Vaisjanti prakashan Aurangabad, 347-382 (1989) @No $ @ @  Alexopoulos C.J and Mims C.W., Introductory Mycology. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1-566 (1986) @No $ @ @  Khara H.S. and Singh  J.,  Phylloplane mycoflora of two varieties of tomato, Indian Phytopath.,34(4),  472-474 (1981) @No $ @ @  Jadhav  D.M. and Gawai D.U., Effect of Different Nutrient Sources on Biomass Production ofPhylloplane Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary), Inlt.J,Biological Sci., 1(8), 85-87 (2012) @No $ @ @  Ghangaonkar N.M., Incidence of microflora on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bulbs., J.of Biological Sci., 2(7),  64-66 (2013) @No $ @ @  Balunan A., April J.F., Teves ., Franco G., Maria R.S.B., Isolation of fungal species and aflatoxin detection in fermented products, Intl.R.J. of Biological Sci., 2(4), 51-54 (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Effect of ink on the saccharification of waste office paper during the biodegradation with cellulase from Trichodermaviride at different temperatures<#LINE#>J.P.H.@VanWyk,J.B.M.@Sibiya<#LINE#>40-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-48.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo, SOUTH AFRICA <#LINE#>26/2/2014<#LINE#>5/5/2014<#LINE#>  Waste office paper is a major section of the organic part of solid waste that could be developed as a resource of bioenergy. The saccharification of waste cellulose a structural component of waste paper is an important step during the degradation of waste paper into glucose a fermentable sugar. The sugar yield during biodegradation of waste paper will determine the extent of a bioproduct such as bioethanol production.  Waste office paper is covered to various extents with ink and this interaction between ink and paper limits the susceptibility of paper for the hydrolytic action of cellulase. Different masses of ink free waste office paper as well as office paper covered 50% and 100 % with ink were incubated with cellulose from Trichodermaviride at different temperatures. The extent of waste paper biodegradation has decreased with increased coverage of ink. Optimum degradation was concluded for ink free office paper followed by paper covered 50 % with ink with the lowest bioconversion experienced with office paper completely covered with ink.  Maximum bioconversion of all three types of waste paper was observed during an incubation temperature of 40C and mass of 0,12 g per incubation mixture. <#LINE#> @ @ Chen X., Yan W., Sheng K. and Sanati, M..Comparison of high solids to liquid anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and green waste.Bioresource Technology, 154, 215 – 221(2013) @No $ @ @ Suranovic S. Fossil fuel addiction and the implication for climate change policy.  Global Environment Change, 23(3),598 – 608(2013) @No $ @ @ Hook M. and Tang X. Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropenic climate change – A review. Energy Policy52, 797 – 809(2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta V.K., Potumarthi R., O’Donovan A., Kubicek C.P., Dutt S. and Tuohy M.G.An overview on technological development and bioresources.Bioenergy Research, Chapter 2, 23 – 47(2014) @No $ @ @ Fiorese G., Catenacci M., Bosetti V. and Verdolini E. The power of biomass: Experts disclose the potential for success of bioenergy technologies. Energy Policy, 65, 94 – 114(2014) @No $ @ @ Amezaga J.M., Bird D.N. and Hazelton J.A.The future of bioenergy and rural development policies in Africa and Asia.Biomass and Bioenergy, 59, 137 - 141(2013) @No $ @ @ Yang T.C., Li, X., Fan L. and Qin, W. Biofuels and bioproducts produced through microbial conversion of biomass.  Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications, Chapter 5, 71 – 93(2014) @No $ @ @ Sathish A. and Sims R.C.  Biodiesel from mixed culture algae via a wet lipid extraction procedure.Bioresource Technology118, 643 – 647 (2012) @No $ @ @ Menon V. and Rao M. Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: Biofuels, platform chemicals and biorefinery concept. Progress in Energy and Combustion Sciences38(4), 522 – 550(2002) @No $ @ @ Havan D. and Burnley S.A multi-criteria decision analysis assessment of waste paper management options.  2013.  Waste Management33(3), 566 – 573 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar R. and WymanC.E..An improved method to directly estimate cellulase adsorption on biomass solids.Enzyme and Microbial Technology42(5), 426 – 433 (2008) @No $ @ @ Milbrandt A.R., Heimiller D.M., Perr A.D. and Field C.B. Renewable energy potential and marginal lands in the Unites States.  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews29, 473 – 481(2014) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars.  Analytical Chemistry31(3), 426 – 428(1959) @No $ @ @ Rizzi F., Van Eck N.J. and Frey M. The production of scientific knowledge on renewable energies: Worldwide trends, dynamics and challenges and implications for management.  Renewable Energy, 62, 657 – 671(2014) @No $ @ @ Sun Y., Wong D., Qiao W., Wang, W. and Zhu, T.  Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal biomass wastes and waste activated sludge: Dynamic model and material balances.  Journal of Environmental Sciences25 (10), 2112 – 2122(2013) @No $ @ @ Park C.The study on the estimation of greenhouse gas emission from landfill facilities.International Conference on Environmental Sciences and Technology6, 188 – 190 (2011) @No $ @ @ Van WykJ.P.H..Biowaste as a resource of bioproduct development.Survival and sustainability: Environmental concerns in the 21 century, Springer Publishers, 875 – 883(2011) @No  
<#LINE#>Ethnobotanical Studies on Karnal District, Haryana, India<#LINE#>Ravinder@Kaur,B.D.@Vashistha<#LINE#>46-55<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-49.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>26/2/2014<#LINE#>21/4/2014<#LINE#>  Floristic survey of district Karnal, Haryana (India), was conducted from 2011-2012 for on enumeration of ethnobotanical plants. Overall 71 ethnobotanical species belonging to 67 genera and 38 families are documented.  Among the families Leguminosae with 8 species is the dominant family followed by Asteraceae with 7 species. For the preparation of medicines major plant parts used are leaves, fruits, seeds and roots. Medicinal plants are listed with botanical name, family, local name, plant part used, diversity status and use value of each ethnomedicinal species.  <#LINE#> @ @ Farnsworth N. R., Akerele O., Soejarto D. D., Bingel A. S.and Guo Z., Medicinal plants in therapy, Bull. WHO, 63(6),965-981 (1985)@No $ @ @  Ripunjoy S., Indigenous knowledge on the utilization of medicinal plants by the Sonowal Kachari tribe of Dibrugarh district in Assam, North-East India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 44-50 (2013) @No $ @ @  Kumar A. and Mishra R. N., Computer based taxonomy in the identification of ethno-medicinal plants of Shakumbhari Devi of Shiwalik Hills, J. Indian Bot. Soc, 90 (3&4), 244-250 (2011) @No $ @ @  Anonymous, Final Technical Report, All India Coordinated Project on Ethno biology, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India (1992-1998) @No $ @ @  Kumar M., Rainer W. B., Joshi M. and Kumar P.,Ethnomedicinal uses of plants close to rural habitation in Garhwal Himalaya, India, J. Med. Plant. Res., 5(11), 2252-2260 (2011) @No $ @ @  Lal S. D. and Yadav B. K., Folk medicines of Kurukshetra district (Haryana), India, Econ. Bot., 37(3), 299-305 (1983) @No $ @ @  Sharma M. P., Hussain A., Ahmad J. and Khan S., Folklore medicinal plants of Mewat (Gurgaon District), Haryana, India, Pharm Biol, 30(2), 129–134 (1992) @No $ @ @ Jain S. P., Singh S. C., Verma D. M., Singh J. S. and Kumar S., Flora of Haryana, Central Institute Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India, 1-266(2000) @No $ @ @  Yadav J. P. and Kumar S., Folk medicinal uses of some indigenous plants among the people of Mahendergarh district, Haryana, India, Plant Arch., 3, 42 (2003) @No $ @ @  Yadav S., Arya V., Kumar S. and Yadav J.P., Plants of Haryana useful in dermatological disorders: An Ethnobotanical Survey, Phcog Rev., 3(5), 94-97 (2009) @No $ @ @  Panghal M., Yadav S., Arya V., Kumar S. and Yadav J.P., Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by Saperas community of Khetawas, Jhajjar District, Haryana, India,J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 6(4) (2010) @No $ @ @  Singh M. and Kumar M., Study of plant diversity of Jind district, Haryana, India, Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., 3(3), 44-53(2013)@No $ @ @ medicinal plants used in Yemeni herbal medicine to treat malaria, Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med., 1(1), 72-76 (2004) @No $ @ @  Jain S. K. and Rao R. R., Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods, Today and Tomorrow Printers &Publ., New Delhi, India (1977) @No $ @ @  Duthie J. F., Flora of upper Gangetic plain and of adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan tracts, Government press, Calcutta (Reprint edition 1960), Botanical survey of India, Calcutta (1903-1922) @No $ @ @  Maheshwari J. K., The Flora of Delhi, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi (1963) @No $ @ @  Kumar S., Flora of Haryana: (materials), Publishers Bishen S, Mahendra P S, Dehradun, India (2001) @No $ @ @  Anonymous, The useful plants of India, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi (1992)   @No 
<#LINE#>In vitro Evaluation of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil against Leaf Disease Fungus of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus Wild)<#LINE#>J.P.@Ata,M.M.Q.@Manalo<#LINE#>56-59<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-055.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College Laguna4031, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>2/3/2014<#LINE#>10/4/2014<#LINE#>  The efficacy of the essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus as antifungal agent of Pestalotia sp. which causes leaf spot disease of narra (Pterocarpus indicus wild) was tested in vitro. Mycelial growth was evaluated in different concentrations of essential oils (0.02%, 0. 1%, 1%, 2%, and 5% v/v). Fungal growth inhibition was significantly observed in all concentrations. However, in the absence of the essential oil, the pathogenic fungi had a normal development in 10 days of incubation. The present study revealed that essential oil of C. nardus is a promising natural means of controlling the development of the pathogenic fungi of P. indicus. <#LINE#> @ @ Dayan M. dP., Fungal disease of forest tree seeds and control measures: a guidebook, Laguna, Philippines: Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (2004) @No $ @ @ Clavejo D.T. and de Guzman E.D., Pathogenicity and cultural characteristics of Pestalotia sp. associated with the leaf spot of narra, Pterocarpus indicus Wild, The Pterocarpus, 3(2), 1-10 (1977) @No $ @ @ Akrofi A. Y. and  Amoah F. M., Pestalotia spp. causes leaf spot of Vitellaria paradoxa in Ghana. African Journal of Agricultural Research,4 (4), 330-333 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rahman S., Adhikary S.K., Sultana S. and Jahan N., In vitro Evaluation of Some Selected Fungicides against Pestalotia palmarum (Cooke.) Causal Agent of Grey Leaf Spot of Coconut, Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, , 197 (2013) @No $ @ @ Adams P. B. and Wong J. A., The effect of chemical pesticides pesticides on the infection of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor by the biocontrol agent Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. Phytopathology, 81 (10), 1340-1343 (1991) @No $ @ @ Wightwick A., Walters R., Allinson G., Reichmann S. and Menzies N., Environmental risks of fungicides used in horticultural production systems. In O. Carisse (Ed.), Fungicides Reijka, Croatia: InTech. 273-304(2010) @No $ @ @ Mahanta J. J., Chutia M., Bordoloi M., Adhikary R. K.. and Sarma T.C., Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil as a potential antifungal agent against key weed moulds of Pleurotus spp. Spawns, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22, 525-530 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tzortzakis N. G. and Ekonomakis C. D., Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. (2007) @No $ @ @ Thanaboripat D., Damdee N., Kaewpuang C., Suvathi Y. and Chareonsettasilp S., Comparison of Essential Oils from Lemongrass, Citronella and White Wood on Growth and Aflatoxin Production of Aspergillus parasiticus IMI 102566. The 8th Symposium on Biocontrol and Biotechnology. Pattaya, Thailand. (2010) @No $ @ @ dos Santos G.R., Brum R.S., de Castro H.G., Goncalves C.G. and Fidelis R.R., Effect of essential oils of medicinal plants on leaf blotch in Tanzania grass. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 44 (3), 587-593 (2013) @No $ @ @ Farhang V., Amini J., Javadi T., Nazemi J. and Ebadollahi A., Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. against three Phytophthora species, Greener Journal of Biological Science, 3(8), 292-298 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kabera J., Ugirinshuti V., Ntahonshikira C., Ntahonshikira E. and Niyondora, M., Effectiveness of leaf essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum urticifolium in controlling Phytophthora infestans Mont, damaging Irish potato in Ruhengeri (Rwanda), International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(12), 379-383 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shaaban H. A., Ramadan M. M., Amer M. M., El-Sideek L. and Osman F., Chemical Composition of Cymbopogon Citratus Essential Oil and Antifungal Activity Against Some Species of Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus Fungi, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(11), 5770-5779 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D. and Idaomar, M., Biological effects of essential oils - A review, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 446-475 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ganjewala D., Cymbopogon essential oils: Chemical compositions and bioactivities, International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics, 56-65 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pandey D.K., Tripathi N.N., Tripathi R.D. and Dixit S.N., Fungitoxic and phytotoxic of Heptis suaveolens, Z. Pflanzenkranjheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 89, 344-349 (1982) @No $ @ @ Lee S.W. and Wendy W., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon nardus citronella essential oil against systemic bacteria of aquatic animals, Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 5 (2), 147-152 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nakahara K., Alzoreky N. and Yoshihashi T., Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus (Citronella grass), JARQ. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 37(4), 249-252 (2003) @No $ @ @ Awuah R.T., Fungitoxicity spectra of crude extracts of three Ghanaian medicinal plants, Ghana Jnl agric. Sci., 71-74 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sahoo S., Sahoo S. and Mukherjee P. S., Integrated Disease and Pest Management in Coconut by the Application of Biocides from Medicinal Herbs. CLEAR International Journal of Research in Management, Science and Technology, 1 (1), 66-68 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aguiar R. d., Ootani M. A., Ascencio S. D., Ferreira T. S., dos Santos M. M. and dos Santos G. R., Fumigant Antifungal Activity of Corymbia citriodora and Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oils and Citronellal against Three Fungal Species. The Scientific World Journal, (2014) @No $ @ @ Jeong M.R., Park P.B., Kim D.H., Jang Y.S., Jeong H.S. and Choi S.H., Essential oil prepared from Cymbopogon citratus exerted an antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic and medical microorganisms, Mycobiology,37 (1), 48-52 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra A.K. and Dubey N.K., Evaluation of Some Essential Oils for Their Toxicity against Fungi Causing Deterioration of Stored Food Commodities, Applied and Environmental Microbiology,60(4), 1101-1105 (1994) @No $ @ @  Yehouenou B., Sessou P., Houinsou R. d.L., Noudogbessi J.P., Alitonou G.A., Toukourou F. and Sohounhloue D., Chemical composition and Antimicrobial activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume dry Leaves essential oil against Food-borne Pathogens and Adulterated Microorganisms, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(6), 18-25 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nguefack J., Leth V., Dongmo J. L., Torp J., Zollo P. A., and Nyasse S., Use of Three Essential Oils as Seed Treatments Against Seed-borne Fungi of Rice (Oryza sativaL.). American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 4(5), 554-560 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Alitonou G., Djenontin T.S., Yèhouénou B., Azokpota P., Youssao I., Sohounhloué D., Chemical Composition and Antifungal activity of Essential oil of Fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum from Benin against six Mycotoxigenic Fungi isolated from traditional cheese wagashi,International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4), 22-27 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sessou P., Farougou S., Azokpota P., Youssao I. and Sohounhloué D., In vitro Antifungal activities of Essential oils extracted from Fresh Leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum against Foodborne pathogens for their use as Traditional Cheese Wagashi conservatives, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(9), 67-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Konfo C., Ahoussi-Dahouenon E., Sessou P., Yehouenou B., Djenontin S., de Souza C. and Sohounhloue D., Stabilization of Local Drink "Tchakpalo" produced in Benin by addition of Essential Oil Extracted from Fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citrates,International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(8), 40-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Degnon G.R., Faton A.N., Adjou E.S., Noudogbessi, J.P., Dahouenon-Ahoussi E., Soumanou M.M. and  Sohounhloue D.C.K., Antifungal potential of Clove essential oil (Syzigium aromaticum L.) in the post-smoking preservation of mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Benin,International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2(10), 36-42 (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Characterization of Plant S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Decarboxylase and Spermidine Synthase in Polyamine Deficient Mutant Strain of E. Coli<#LINE#>Laha@Saswati,Sen@Saswati,Bharati@Ghosh,N.@SenguptaDibyendu<#LINE#>60-68<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-56.pdf<#LINE#>Depatment of Botany, Bethune College, 181 Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-700006, INDIA @ Molecular & Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, INDIA @ Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C Road, Kolkata- 700 009, INDIA <#LINE#>3/3/2014<#LINE#>15/5/2014<#LINE#>A short term study on crop damage by elephants and effectiveness of mitigating measures was carried out from November 2008-April 2009 in Coimbatore Forest Division, Tamilnadu, South India. Totally 438 persons were interviewed from the forest fringe villages of six forest ranges of the Coimbatore Forest Division. This study revealed that 32 Grama Panchayaths were affected by elephant crop raids. Total frequency of elephant’s attempt to raid the crop fields (n=438) were recorded as 2124. Crop raiding attempts and success was highest in Odanthurai panchayath. Lowest attempts were recorded in Madukarai panchayath. Totally 31 crop species were recorded during the study period, of which 24 species were raided by elephants at various intensities. Banana (Musa paradisia) (139.49 acres), Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) (122.35 acres), Areca nut (Areca catechu) (18993 trees), Coconut (Cocus nucifera) (4701 trees) were the most raided crops by elephants. Crops such as Marigold (Tagetus erecta), Sappota (Pouteria sapota) Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Millet (Panicum sp.), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and Brinjal (Solanum melongeana L.) were not raided by elephants. Totally eight different mitigating measures were used by the local people to prevent the elephants. Among the methods elephant proof trench only found to be the most successful mitigating measure. This present study revealed that family herds were highly responsible for crop damage (66 – 75 %) than solitary males (25 – 34 %). <#LINE#> @ @ Kusano T., Yamaguchi K., Berberich T. and Takahasi Y., Advances in polyamine research in 2007, J.Plant Res.,120, 345-350 (2007) @No $ @ @ Malmberg R.L., Watson M.B., Galloway G.L, W.Yu, Molecular genetic analyses of Plant polyamines, Crit, Rev. Plant Sci., 17, 199-224 (1998) @No $ @ @ Basu R. and Ghosh B., Polyamines in various rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with respect to sodium chloride salinity, Physiol Plant., 82, 575-581 (1991) @No $ @ @ Roy P., Niyogi K., Sengupta D.N. and Ghosh B., Spermidine treatment to rice seedlings recovers salinity stress-induced damage of plasma membrane and PM-bound -ATPase in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice cultivars, Plant Sci., 168, 583-591 (2005) @No $ @ @ Groppa M.D., Benavides M.P., Polyamines and abiotic stress: recent advances, Amino Acids., 34, 35-45 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar P., Minocha R. and Minocha S.C., Genetic Manipulation of the Metabolism of Polyamines in poplar cells, Plant physiol., 128, 1455-1469 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar A. and Minocha S.C., Transgenic manipulation of Polyamine metabolism, In: Lindsey K (ed) transgenic research in plants, Horwood Academic Publishers, London., 187-199 (1998) @No $ @ @ Burtin D. and Michael T., Overexpression of arginine decarboxylase in transgenic plants, Biochem J., 325, 331-337 (1997) @No $ @ @ Capell T., Escobar C., Luitt Burtin D., Lepri O. and Christou P., Overexpression of the Oat arginine  decarboxylase cDNA in transgenic rice (Oryza. sativa L.) affects normal development patterns in vitro and results in putative accumulations in transgenic plants, Theor Appl genet.,  97, 246-254 (1998) @No $ @ @ Fraceschetti M., Fornale S., Tassoni A., Zuccherelli K., Mayer M.J. and Bagni N., Effects of spermidine synthase overexpression on polyamine biosynthetic pathway in tobacco plants, J. Plant Physiology, 161, 989-1001 (2004) @No $ @ @ Noury M., Bassie L.,Lepri O., Kurek I., Christou P. and Capell T.A., Transgenic rice cell lineage expressing the oat arginine decarboxylase (adc) cDNA constitutively accumulates putrescine in callus and seeds but not in vegetative tissues, Plant Mol Biol., 43, 357-544 (2000) @No $ @ @ Xiao-Peng W., Pang X-M., Matsuda N., Kita M., Inoue H., Hao Y-J., Honda C., Moriguchi T., Overexpression of the apple spermidine synthase gene in pear confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance by altering polyamine titers, Trans. Res. Received: 11th October 2006, Acepted: 11th April 2007, Published online: (5th June, 2007), (DOI 10.1007 / s11248- 007- 9098-7) (2007) @No $ @ @ Wi S.J., Kim W.T. and Park K.Y., Overexpression of carnation S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants, Plant Cell Rep.,25, 1111-1121 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tassoni A., Burren van M.L., Franceschetti M., Fornale S., Bagni N., Polyamine content and metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana and effect of spermidine on plant development, Plant Physiol. Biochem.,  38, 383-93 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chomczynski P., Sacchi N., Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium-thio-cyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, Anal. Biochem., 162, 156-159  (1987) @No $ @ @ Michael A.J., O. sativa mRNA for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, GenBank Accession No.  Y07766; Submitted (04-SEP-1996) Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, 1996,  Norwich NR4 7UA, UK (1996) @No $ @ @ Hashimoto T., Tamaki K., Suzuki K. and Yamada Y., Molecular cloning of plant spermidine synthase, Plant Cell Physiol.  39, 73-79 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sanger F., Nicklen S. and Coulson A.R., DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors, Proc. Natl.  Acad. Sci. USA,  74, 5463-5467 (1977) @No $ @ @ 68Escherichia coli, Methods in Enzymology, 198, 3-16 (1991) @No $ @ @ Smith MA, Chromatographic methods for the identification and quantification of polyamines. In: Slocum RD, Flores, HE, Biochemistry and Physiology of Polyamines in Plants, Boca Raton., FL, USA: CRC Press, 229–42 (1991) @No $ @ @ Li Z.Y., Chen S.Y., Differential accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase transcript in rice seedlings in response to salt and drought stress, Theor Appl Genet., 100, 782-788 (2000) @No $ @ @ Konstantinos A.P. and Kalliopi A.RA, Spatial and temporal distribution of polyamine levels and polyamine anabolism in different organs / tissues of the tobacco plant, correlation with age, cell division / expansion and differentiation, Plant Physiol.138, 2174-2184 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pegg A.E., Stanley B., Pajunen A., Crozat A., Janne O.A., Properties of human and rodent S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 250, 101–109 (1988) @No $ @ @ Schroder G., Schroder J., cDNA from Catharanthus roseus, heterologous expression, identification of the proenzyme processing site, evidence for the presence of both subunits in the active enzyme, and a conserved region in the 5'.-mRNA Leader,  Eur. J. Biochem.228, 74-78 (1995) @No $ @ @ Janne J., Poso H., Raina A., Polyamines in rapid growth and cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 473,  241–293 (1978) @No $ @ @ Xiong H., Stanley B.A., Tekwani B.L., Pegg A.E., Processing of mammalian and plant S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzymes, J. Biol. Chem.272, 28342–28348 (1997) @No $ @ @ Flores H.E., Changes in polyamine metabolism in response to abiotic stress, in: Slocum R.D., Flores H.E. (Eds.), The Biochemistry and Physiology of Polyamines in Plants.CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, 214-255 (1991) @No $ @ @ Zhu B., Su J., Chong M., Verma DPS., Fare Y., Wu R., Overexpression of D-pyrolline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water and salt stress in transgenic rice, Plant Sci.,139, 41-48 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hafner E.W., Tabor C.W., Tabor H., Mutant of Eschericia coli That Do Not Contain 1,4-Diaminobutane (Putrescine) or Spermidine, J. Biol. Chem., 254, 12419-12426 (1979) @No $ @ @ Das Sarma S., Tischer E., Goodman HM., Plant glutamine synthetase complements a gluA mutation in Escherichia coli, Science 232, 1242-1244 (1986) @No $ @ @ Macrae M., Coffino P., Complementation of a polyamine deficient Escherichia coli mutant by expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase, Mol. Cell Biol.,564-567 (1987) @No  
<#LINE#>Beware! Our home is Wonderland of Pathogenic Bacteria<#LINE#>S.@Tyagi,P.K.@Tyagi,M.@Mishra,N.@Khan<#LINE#>69-76<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-57.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Biotechnology, MIET, Meerut, INDIA <#LINE#>6/3/2014<#LINE#>20/5/2014<#LINE#>  The number of bacteria isolates from living rooms in 55 (bacterial growth was observed in 39 plates out of 40 plates only 1 plate were devoid of bacteria) in rural areas and 41 (bacterial growth was observed in 37 plates out of 40 plates 3 plate are devoid of bacteria) in urban areas was recorded.  The present investigation clearly indicates that the living rooms of rural areas are more contaminated (with the major fractions of 4 genera such as Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp.) in comparison to urban areas (3 genera: Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp.). All in all, the rural living rooms are more contaminated with pathogenic virulent bacteria as compare to urban living rooms. On the other hand, we can say that our home is wonderland of phatogenic bacteria share with our habitat. The results of this study will help the awareness of residing populations in rural and urban areas to make an educated decisions and precautions in developing a proper routine of cleaning regime in their households/kitchens. The data of this research might contribute to designing and manipulating sanitation guidelines/ cleaning that will help to implement best sanitation and hygienic conditions in within households/kitchens and further opportunities in research may be conducting in the area of food born diseases. <#LINE#> @ @ ACGIH, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH (1999) @No $ @ @ Tyagi P.K., Tyagi Shruti, Panday C.S. and Kumar D., An investigation of bacterial contamination in rural and urban kitchens of Meerut district, India, Developmental Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 3(1)87-100 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tyagi P.K., Tyagi S., Kumar R. and Panday C.S., Bacteriological analysis of air of kitchens in rural and urban areas of Panipat district in Haryana (INDIA), InternationalJournal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2 (1),247-256 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tyagi P.K. and Tyagi S., Distribution of bacterial contamination of rural and urban households in Meerut district of India, International Journal of Microbial Resource Technology, 1(4), 366-74 (2012) @No $ @ @ Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E., Berge’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th Ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1246 (1974) @No $ @ @ Carter G.R. and Cole J.R., Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and mycology, 5th Ed. Academic press, California,(1995) @No $ @ @ Beumer R.R., Te Giffel M.C., Spooranberg E. and Rombouts F.M., Listeria species in domestic environments, Epidemiol. Infection,117, 437-442 (1996) @No $ @ @ Tyagi S., Tyagi P.K., Panday C.S. and Kumar R., Bacterial contamination: A comparison between rural and urban areas of Panipat District in Haryana (India), Journal of Bacteriology Research, 3(3), 32-41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pankaj K.T. and Shruti T., Bacterial contamination in kitchens of rural and urban areas in Meerut district of Utter Pradesh (India), Afr. J. Microb. Research, 7(19), 2020-2026 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rusin P., Orosz-Coughlin P. and Gerba C., Reduction of fecal coliform, coliform and heterotrophic plate counts bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with hypochlorite cleaners, J. of Applied Microbiology,85(9), 819-828 (1998) @No $ @ @ Josephson K.L., Rubino J.R. and Pepper I.L., Characterization and quantification of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms in household kitchens with and without the use of a disinfectant cleaner, J.  Applied Microbiology,83, 737-750 (1997) @No $ @ @ Website link: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1336319/The-bacteria-timebomb-home (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Haematological, Biochemical and Cytomorphometric analysis of an Indian Pangolin<#LINE#>Mohapatra@RajeshKumar,MohantyKumar@Prafulla,Sudarsan@Panda<#LINE#>77-81<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-59.pdf<#LINE#> Nandankanan Biological Park, Baranga, Khurda, Odisha, INDIA @ PG Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani vihar, Bhubaneswar- 751 004, Odisha, INDIA    <#LINE#>8/3/2014<#LINE#>11/5/2014<#LINE#>  Haematological and serum biochemical values of a sick, adult female Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) were determined. Results obtained showed a higher total leukocyte count, low haemoglobin value and erythrocyte count in comparison to haematological values reported on other pangolin species. The study also determined cytomorphomentric values for erythrocytes and leukocytes. The present paper also described red cell polymorphism in Indian pangolin.  <#LINE#> @ @ Heath M.E., Manis crassicaudata, Mammalian species, 513, 1-4, (1995) @No $ @ @ Srinivasulu C. and Srinivasulu B., Checklist of scandents and pholidots (Mammalia: Scandentia and Pholidota) of south-east Asia, Zoos’ Print Journal, 19(2), 1372-1374, (2004) @No $ @ @ Molur S., Manis crassicaudata, In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013,1,www.iucnredlist.org, Downloaded on 02 November 2013,(2008) @No $ @ @ Mishra S. and Panda S., Distribution of Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata Gray (Pholidota, Manidae) in Orissa: A rescue prospective, Small Mammal Mail, 3(2), 51-53, (2012) @No $ @ @ Jain N.C., Essentials of Veterinary Hematology, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger (1993) @No $ @ @ Heath M.E., Hematological Parameters of Four Chinese Pangolins (Manis pentadactyla), Zoo Biology, , 387-390, (1986) @No $ @ @ Oyewale J.O., Ogunsanmi O.A. and Ozegbe P.C., Haematology of the adult African white-bellied Pangolin Manis tricuspis) Vetrinarski Arhiv. 67(6), 261-266, (1997) @No $ @ @ Oyewale J.O., Ogunsanmi A.O. and Ozegbe P.C., Plasma electrolyte, enzyme protein and metabolite levels in the adult African white-bellied Pangolin (Manistricuspis). Trop Vet., 16, 73, (1998) @No $ @ @ Narayanan S.E., Kirchheimer W.F. and Bedi B.M.S., Some bacteria isolated from the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Geoffroy, Indian Veterinary Journal, 54(9), 988-692, (1977) @No $ @ @ Chin S.C., Lien C.Y., Chan Y.T., Chen C.L., Yang Y.C., Yeh L.S., Monitoring the gestation period of rescued Formosan pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) with progesterone radioimmunoassay, Zoo Biology, 31(4), 479-489, (2012) @No $ @ @ Kelly W.R., Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis, (4th Ed). Balliere Tindal, London (1979) @No $ @ @ Sahli H., Lehrbuch D. klin., untersuchungen Methode, (5thEd). Leipsic, (1909) @No $ @ @ Wintrobe M.M., Variation in size and haemaglobin content of erythrocytes in blood of various vertebrates. Folia haem., 51, 32-49, (1934) @No $ @ @ Weiss D.J. and Wardrop K.J., Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, (6th Ed). Wiley-Blackwell, USA, (2010) @No $ @ @ Turgeon M.L., Clinical Haematology: Theory and Procedures, (4th Ed). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, (2004) @No $ @ @ Barger A.M., Erythrocyte Morphology. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, (Weiss D.J. and Wardrop K.J., Eds., 6th Ed). Wiley-Blackwell, USA, 144-151, (2010) @No $ @ @ Cornell L.H., Duffield D.S., Joseph B.E. and Stark B., Hematology and serum chemistry values in Beluga Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 24(2), 220-224, (1988) @No $ @ @ Bubenik G.A. and Brownlee L., Assessing health of male white-tailed deer by white blood cell counts, Journal of Wildlife Management, 51, 57–58, (1987) @No $ @ @ Gascoyne S.C. and Hawkey C.W., Patterns of variation in vertebrate haematology, Clinical Hemorheology 12, 627–637, (1992) @No  
<#LINE#>Nutrient Return through Leaf litter Decomposition of Common Cropland Agroforest Tree Species of Bangladesh<#LINE#>Md.@ Hasanuzzaman,Hossain@Mahmood<#LINE#>82-88<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-68.pdf<#LINE#> Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna- 9208, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>5/3/2014<#LINE#>26/5/2014<#LINE#>  Cropland agroforestry is an important production system in Bangladesh. Melia azadirachta, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Swietenia macrophylla, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus jujuba, Litchi chinensis, Albizia saman, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo and Khaya anthotheca are common in the cropland agroforest of Bangladesh and have been selected for this study. This study focused on the mass loss of leaf litter and nutrient (N, P and K) addition in soil through the microbial decomposition of leaf litter of the selected cropland agroforest tree species of Bangladesh. Leaf litter decomposition experiment was conducted using litter bag technique both in dry and wet season in a controlled environment. The mass loss was found the highest (57% and 63%) for M. azadirachta followed by E, camaldulensis (50% and 56%), A. indica (53% and 58%) and the lowest (11% and 19%) was found for L. chinensis in dry and wet season respectively. The highest rate of decomposition (0.32 g/day and 0.35 g/day) was observed for M. azadirachta and the lowest (0.06 g/day and 0.10 g/day) was detected for L. chinensis. Significant (p=0.05) differences were observed among the mass loss of leaf litter and N, P and K concentration of decomposed soil of the studied species between dry and wet season. The decay constant (k) was found the highest for M. azadirachta (0.005 and 0.005) followed by E. camaldulensis (0.004 and 0.005), A. indica (0.004 and 0.005) and the lowest for L. chinensis (0.001 and 0.001) in dry and wet season respectively. A similar pattern of nutrient concentration (P&#x0000; K&#x0000; N) in the decomposed soil of the entire studied tree species were observed. Among the considered cropland agroforest tree species, M. azadirachta was found to be the best followed by, E. camaldulensis, L. chinensis and A. heterophyllus in terms of N, P and K return. <#LINE#> @ @ BBS, Population and Housing Census 2011 Preliminary Results. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka: Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, 19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi A.P., Agroforestry Principles and Practices. India: Oxford and IBH Publishing co. pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 48-227 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ahmed MFU,Agroforestry in Bangladesh with special reference to northern Bangladesh, In: Haq MF, Hasan MK, Asaduzzaman SM, Ali MY (eds), Development of agroforestry research in Bangladesh, Bangladesh:Proceedings of a national workshop on agroforestry research, 16-17 September, Gazipur, 110 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ya T., Role of tree in croplands: in Forest and Forest Plants. Accessed on 30/09/2013. http://www.eolss.net/ebooklib,  (2002) @No $ @ @ Ahmed MFU, Rahman SML, Ahmed ASMM, Quebedeaux B. Agroforestry as it pertains to vegetable production in Bangladesh, Journal of Agronomy, , 282290 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zashimuddin M., Community forestry for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. In: Sim HC, Appanah S, Lu WM (eds), Can community forestry make money? Proceedings of the regional workshop on forest for poverty reduction, 1-2 September, Beijing, China, Available at www.fao.org./docrep/007/ad511e/ad511 e00.htm#Contents. 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<#LINE#>Ameliorative Effect of Rocket Leaves on Fertility in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats<#LINE#>MohdNazam@Ansari,Ganaie@MajidAhmed<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-72.pdf<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-72.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA<#LINE#>17/3/2014<#LINE#>24/8/2014<#LINE#>  In the present study, Rocket leaves were evaluated for the acute toxicity and fertility of male diabetic rats. Leaves were subjected to extraction with water. Extract was administered orally to Swiss albino mice to explore their acute toxic effects (LD50). For the fertility experiment, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups, containing 6 rats in each group; one group serve as normal control, while in others groups, animals were rendered diabetic by single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). One group serving as diabetic control, and the others two groups were treated with aqueous extract of rocket (AER) at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg for 8 consecutive weeks. Animal were assessed for fertility protective activity after 24h of the last dose. The results showed significant (p0.01) increase in the sexual organ weights (testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate) and serum quality in the AER treated groups when compared with the diabetic control group in dose dependent manner. AER was also found to increase serum testosterone, testicular GSH level and decreased testicular TBARS levels. The obtained results demonstrated that AER significantly improve diabetes complications in rat’s testis. The present study suggested that rocket might have a promising effect against diabetes-induced impaired testicular damage in male rats. <#LINE#> @ @ Greenberg S.H., Lipschultz L.I. and Wein A.J., Experience with 425 subfertile male patients, J Urol.,119, 507–510 (1978) @No $ @ @ Carlsen E., Giwercman A., Keiding N. and Skakkebaek N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during the past 50 years, BMJ., 305, 609–613 (1992) @No $ @ @ Feng S.L., Li S.H., Wang Y., Chen C.C. and Gao B., Effect of ligustrum fruit extract on reproduction in experimental diabetic rats, Asian J Androl.,, 71-73 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jiang G.Y., Practical Diabetes.1st Edition. 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<#LINE#>Fish Diversity in Selected Stretch of the River Mahanadi in Odisha and the Livelihood of Inhabiting Fisher Community<#LINE#>TarunKumar@Sing<#LINE#>98-104<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-159.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, INDIA<#LINE#>4/6/2014<#LINE#>10/7/2014<#LINE#>  A study was undertaken during January, 2013 to March, 2014 to observe the fish diversity of the Mahanadi River in four selected areas of the Mahanadi stretch starting from Hirakud Reservoir to Banki of Odisha down stream. Besides, it was in thought to study the fisher community residing in these areas and their involvement in fishing activities for livelihood sustenance as well as their socio-economy. Based on collected data from the study, it is observed that there is an occurrence of 56 species belonging to 35 genera, 19 families and 7 orders. The present socio-economic status of the fishers of these regions reveals that the fisher communities inhabiting in the selected stretch are seasonally associated with fishing in major areas whereas some of them are fully engaged in fishing. Most of the families of these communities are falling in the below poverty line category. There is a need to develop a targeted policy by the Government to improve the socio-economic conditions of these communities keeping in view the sustainable management of the fish diversity of these areas. <#LINE#> @ @ Lakra W.S. and Sarkar U.K., Fish Biodiversity of Native Fish and their conservation, INFISH Souvenir, National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad, 36-43 (2009) @No $ @ @  Lakra W.S., Fish Biodiversity of Uttar Pradesh: Issues of Livelihood Security, Threats and Conservation, National Conference on Biodiversity, Development and Poverty Alleviation, Uttar Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, 40-45 (2010) @No $ @ @ Singh T.K., Guru B.C. and Swain S.K., Review of the Research on the Fish Diversity in the River Mahanadi and Identifying the Probable Potential Ornamental Fishes among them with reference to threats and conservation measures, ISCA Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 1(3), 16-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sarkar U.K., Pathak A.K., Sinha R.K., Sivakumar K., Pandian A.K., Pandey A., Dubey V.K. and Lakra W.S., Fish biodiversity of in the River Ganga (India): changing pattern, threats and conservation perspective, Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (22), Springer, 251-272 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of piscine diversity of river Mahanadi in Janjgir-Champa District, Int.Res. 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